phd research topics in social entrepreneurship

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HBS faculty conduct research on a wide variety of topics. In the application you must indicate your top three choices of research areas, in order of preference, from the topics listed below. Top applicants will be matched with faculty-designed research project based on their indicated interests.

1. Corporate Social Responsibility research explores business impact of delivering economic, social, and environmental benefits to stakeholders.

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6. Finance researchers strive to understand how managers and firms make value-enhancing decisions; and how financial institutions, markets, and instruments contribute to this process.

7. Globalization scholars concentrate on the effectiveness of management practices in global organizations; cross-cultural learning and adaptation processes; the challenges of taking companies global; emerging-market companies with global potential; and international political economy and its impact on economic development.

8. Health Care research studies how potential application management principles and best practices from other industries can be applied; how the process of innovation can be improved; how principles of strategy and consumer choice can be utilized; how information technology can expand access, decrease costs, and improve quality; and devising approaches in developing nations can impact global health.

9. Human Behavior and Decision-Making research focuses on individual and interactive judgment and decision making, with applications to organizational behavior, consumer behavior, behavioral operations, and behavioral economics. Research topics include the psychology of conversation, ethical decision-making (including cheating and self-deception), the impact of rituals on mourning and consumption, team and organizational dynamics and performance, whether money makes people happy, when and why people disclose information, and health behavior change.

10. Leadership research explores questions of organization change, power and influence, innovation management, and the crucial role leadership plays in organizational success. The topic of leadership spans all academic units at HBS and fosters a collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach.

11. Social Enterprise research seeks to understand the challenges associated with driving sustained, high-impact social change. Current research focuses on leadership of socially mission-driven organizations; the role of business leaders and corporate citizenship in driving social change; business models that address poverty; management of high-performing K-12 public school districts; and financing models for the non-profit sector

12. Technology and Innovation research focuses on value creation of platforms and two-sided markets; use of open architecture and leverage of its collective value; development and execution of innovation strategies; innovative attributes of executives and firms; development of new markets through the creation of disruptive innovations that displace earlier technologies; development of innovations in sectors; and the impact of innovation on economic growth.

13. Other. It is impossible to capture all that HBS faculty study. If you have a specific interest in an area not listed above, please select this category to describe an area of research within the disciplines of economics, sociology, psychology, policy, or history that is relevant to business academia.

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PhD THESIS - SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: SOCIALITY, ETHICS AND POLITICS

Related Papers

carolina bandinelli

This article adds to contemporary studies of neoliberalism by offering an empirical investigation of the production of subjectivity in the context of coworking spaces' sociality. Coworking spaces are exemplary milieux where to explore the organisation and significance of work. Drawing on the life history of a creative worker and member of a leading coworking space, I unveil the ethical labour that is required to access coworking's sociality. Using a Foucauldian framework, I conceptualise this process as a process of subjectivation and concentrate on its ambivalent character, signalling the inherent intertwinement of self-commodification and self-improvement. This article contributes to the scholarly debates on the organisation and significance of work in two key ways. Firstly, it expands our understanding of how the production of subjectivity is experienced at the level of the self. Secondly, it argues that coworking spaces function as apparatuses for the production of subjectivities in neoliberal culture industries.

Alberto Cossu

Freelancers, social entrepreneurs and artists have intervened in the social fabric by operating in peculiar, but somewhat analogous ways, blending collaboration, entrepreneurship and creative practice in an original manner. Each from their own standpoint, they now reclaim a central role in an urban collaborative scene that they commonly consider the space for the enactment of their creative, (self)entrepreneurial endeavours. Their subjectivity, as we are about to observe, is similarly characterised by a political attitude towards change and an ideological disposition to ‘newness’, that is made explicit in the attempt to combine economic with what may be seen as forms of ‘aest-ethical’ action – and is nonetheless frustrated in the capacity to coalesce as a collective subject within and beyond the fragmented scene they inhabit. By operating in a milieu largely determined by a market economy, yet nonetheless experimenting with forms of commons-based peer production, we argue that freelancers, social entrepreneurs and artists are manifestations, in their own peculiar ways, of that process of ‘re-embeddedness’ of the economic into the social (Pais and Provasi, 2015) that seems to characterise the current socio-economic conjuncture.

carolina bandinelli , Alberto Cossu

More than a decade after the enthusiastic call for the rise of a 'creative class' (Florida, 2002), the conditions of today's creative economy appear to be quite different from the expectations that accompanied its acclaimed surge as a propeller of economic development in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The frenzy around creativity that has characterised cultural economies as a whole since then has evolved into a context that is now largely animated by a casualisation and entrepreneurialisation of work, with project-based employment rising to an unprecedented scale (McRobbie, 2015).

Dissertation

Seung Cheol Lee

Etnološka tribina 41

Miha Kozorog

This paper is about the young entrepreneur as an emerging social agent in contemporary Slovenia. Young entrepreneurs are affected by both an ideal sociality of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the small scale of their environment. This paper argues that while the former is promoted as a tool for strengthening local communities and a means of moving toward a prosperous future, the later prevents its actualization but provides security for young people. Family and other established social relationships are of considerable importance for maintaining young entrepreneurs' careers.

This chapter reflects on the relationship between coworking spaces as a type of creative hub, and the practices of networking that are often described as typical of the creative economy. Elaborating on ethnographic research conducted by the authors in the UK and Italy, we argue that coworking spaces can be seen as heterotopic spaces (Foucault, 1986) in which a certain vision of the world is produced and reproduced. This vision acts as a symbolic dimension that expands the practices of 'network sociality' (Wittel, 2001) by adding to them an imaginary communitarian element. This is characterised by the enactment of a specific disposition that we call 'collaborative individualism'. With this term we want to capture the ambivalence of coworkers' sociality and point at the compresence of an entrepreneurialised and individualised conduct with an ethics of sharing and collaborating.

Pascal Dey , Chris Steyaert

This article identifies power, subjectivity, and practices of freedom as neglected but significant elements for understanding the ethics of social entrepreneurship. While the ethics of social entrepreneurship is typically conceptualized in conjunction with innate properties or moral commitments of the individual, we problematize this view based on its presupposition of an essentialist conception of the authentic subject. We offer, based on Foucault’s ethical oeuvre, a practice-based alternative which sees ethics as being exercised through a critical and creative dealing with the limits imposed by power, notably as they pertain to the conditioning of the neoliberal subject. To this end, we first draw on prior research which looks at how practitioners of social enterprises engage with government policies that demand that they should act and think more like prototypical entrepreneurs. Instead of simply endorsing the kind of entrepreneurial subjectivity implied in prevailing policies, our results indicate that practitioners are mostly reluctant to identify themselves with the invocation of governmental power, often rejecting the subjectivity offered to them by discourse. Conceiving these acts of resistance as emblematic of how social entrepreneurs practice ethics by retaining a skeptical attitude toward attempts that seek to determine who they should be and how they should live, we introduce three vignettes that illustrate how practices of freedom relate to critique, the care for others, and reflected choice. We conclude that a practice-based approach of ethics can advance our understanding of how social entrepreneurs actively produce conditions of freedom for themselves as well as for others without supposing a ‘true self’ or a utopian space of liberty beyond power.

Constellations

Niklas Angebauer

Understanding neoliberalism remains a crucial task for critical theories of the present. While Marxist approaches such as David Harvey's tend to underestimate its novelty and struggle to explain its pervasiveness, Foucauldian perspectives are better equipped to understand neoliberalism in its singularity. These perspectives culminate in the diagnosis of the emergence of a specifically neoliberal subject, the entrepreneurial self. One implication of this diagnosis that has not received nearly enough attention is neoliberal's implicit subscription to the doctrine of self-ownership: The entrepreneurial self is necessarily self-owning, even if that often remains implicit in neoliberal theory. Starting with a discussion of liberal self-ownership (Levellers, Locke), the article shows that neoliberal rationality is premised on self-ownership, discussing human capital theory and Income Share Agreements. The focus on neoliberal self-ownership and its consequences, it is argued, can be used for an immanent critique of neoliberal rationality.

Daniel G Cockayne

In this paper I examine entrepreneurial work in San Francisco's digital media sector to consider how affect and desire are invested in sites of neoliberal production. Drawing on recent writing on affect, I treat affect as ambivalent and coextensive with the mode of production, suggesting an approach that looks beyond the investment of value in commodities, to how desire is produced and directly located in economic infrastructures. Entrepreneurial affect functions through the embodiment of work as a site of personal ''satisfaction,'' the development of passionate attachments to that work, and the production of working subjectivities characterized by their ''compulsory sociality.'' I argue that affect functions through entrepreneurial forms of digital media work to produce and reproduce attachments to precarious working conditions. Drawing on recent debates on precariousness and precarity, I reflect on the possible consequences of affective attachments to entrepreneurial work as a primary site for the justification of precarious work practices and neoliberal modes of governance in general.

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Social entrepreneurship research: intellectual structures and future perspectives.

1. Introduction

2. literature review, 3. materials and methods, 4.1. intellectual structure of the social entrepreneurship knowledge base, 4.2. the keywords co-occurrence analysis, 5. discussion and conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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Share and Cite

Cardella, G.M.; Hernández-Sánchez, B.R.; Monteiro, A.A.; Sánchez-García, J.C. Social Entrepreneurship Research: Intellectual Structures and Future Perspectives. Sustainability 2021 , 13 , 7532. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147532

Cardella GM, Hernández-Sánchez BR, Monteiro AA, Sánchez-García JC. Social Entrepreneurship Research: Intellectual Structures and Future Perspectives. Sustainability . 2021; 13(14):7532. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147532

Cardella, Giuseppina Maria, Brizeida Raquel Hernández-Sánchez, Alcides Almeida Monteiro, and José Carlos Sánchez-García. 2021. "Social Entrepreneurship Research: Intellectual Structures and Future Perspectives" Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7532. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147532

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The Research Gap in Social Entrepreneurship

A literature review of research on social entrepreneurship reveals that academics and practitioners seem to be operating in separate spheres. A look at why this is happening and what to do about it.

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By Mark Hand May 24, 2016

In the fall of 2014, I put together my first academic syllabus for a course on social entrepreneurship at the University of Texas Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs . It consisted primarily of articles from Stanford Social Innovation Review , chapters from Impact Investing: Transforming How We Make Money by Jed Emerson and Antony Bugg-Levine, and a few articles pulled from mainstream entrepreneurship and innovation research. It was a practitioner’s syllabus, but not a very academic one.

A few months later, I had a conversation about the class with Jonathan Lewis, a colleague from UnLtd USA . He asked, “How do you know if you’re having your students read the right things?” Though my experience in impact investing led me to believe that I was covering what students needed to know, the syllabus didn’t have an academic foundation. So Jonathan and I decided to dig for an identifiable core of academic research in social entrepreneurship. The more we considered the question, the more important it felt. An identifiable body of work could guide practitioners of social entrepreneurship, offer a common language for researchers, provide an educational path to those new to the field, and demonstrate that social entrepreneurship is a legitimate and distinct discipline.

Jonathan went straight to the data: Using Thomson Reuter’s Web of Science , an academic research platform, he identified approximately 500 academic articles related to social entrepreneurship and downloaded the metadata associated with each one, including other articles they cited. Then, using the data analysis tools SCI2 and Gephi , he created something called a document co-citation network . Document co-citation looks similar to the connections in a social network, but instead of showing connections between friends, it shows connections between articles cited within a single document. We identified 1,900 journal articles, conference proceedings, and books related to social entrepreneurship. Then we then looked for the ones that were most central to that network—meaning they were most often co-cited, and therefore most influential. This gave us the 25 most influential academic articles:

• Mair, Johanna, and Ignasi Marti. " Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Source of Explanation, Prediction, and Delight ." Journal of World Business 41.1 (2006): 36-44.
• Austin, James, Howard Stevenson, and Jane Wei‐Skillern. " Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Same, Different, or Both? " Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 30.1 (2006): 1-22.
• Peredo, Ana Maria, and Murdith McLean. " Social Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review of the Concept ." Journal of World Business 41.1 (2006): 56-65.
• Weerawardena, Jay, and Gillian Sullivan Mort. " Investigating Social Entrepreneurship: A Multidimensional Model ." Journal of World Business 41.1 (2006): 21-35.
• Zahra, Shaker A., et al. " A Typology of Social Entrepreneurs: Motives, Search Processes and Ethical Challenges ." Journal of Business Venturing 24.5 (2009): 519-532.
• Short, Jeremy C., Todd W. Moss, and G. Tom Lumpkin. " Research in Social Entrepreneurship: Past Contributions and Future Opportunities ." Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 3.2 (2009): 161-194.
• Alvord, Sarah H., L. David Brown, and Christine W. Letts. " Social Entrepreneurship and Societal Transformation: an Exploratory Study ." The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 40.3 (2004): 260-282.
• Shane, Scott, and Sankaran Venkataraman. " The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research ." Academy of Management Review 25.1 (2000): 217-226.
• Nicholls, Alex, ed. “ Social Entrepreneurship: New Models of Sustainable Social Change .” OUP Oxford, 2006.
• Leadbeater, Charles. “ The Rise of the Social Entrepreneur .” No. 25. Demos, 1997.
• Dacin, Peter A., M. Tina Dacin, and Margaret Matear. " Social Entrepreneurship: Why We Don't Need a New Theory and How We Move Forward From Here ." The Academy of Management Perspectives 24.3 (2010): 37-57.
• Sullivan Mort, Gillian, Jay Weerawardena, and Kashonia Carnegie. " Social Entrepreneurship: Towards Conceptualization ." International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 8.1 (2003): 76-88.
• Seelos, Christian, and Johanna Mair. " Social Entrepreneurship: Creating New Business Models to Serve the Poor ." Business Horizons 48.3 (2005): 241-246.
• Sharir, Moshe, and Miri Lerner. " Gauging the Success of Social Ventures Initiated by Individual Social Entrepreneurs ." Journal of World Business 41.1 (2006): 6-20.
• Thompson, John L. " The World of the Social Entrepreneur ." International Journal of Public Sector Management 15.5 (2002): 412-431.
• Thompson, John, Geoff Alvy, and Ann Lees. " Social Entrepreneurship: A New Look at the People and the Potential ." Management Decision 38.5 (2000): 328-338.
• Dart, Raymond. " The Legitimacy of Social Enterprise ." Nonprofit Management and Leadership 14.4 (2004): 411-424.
• Dees, J. Gregory. " The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship ." (1998).
• Chell, Elizabeth. " Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Towards a Convergent Theory of the Entrepreneurial Process ." International Small Business Journal 25.1 (2007): 5-26.
• Peredo, Ana Maria, and James J. Chrisman. " Toward a Theory of Community-Based Enterprise ." Academy of Management Review 31.2 (2006): 309-328.
• Dorado, Silvia. " Social Entrepreneurial Ventures: Different Values So Different Process of Creation, No? " Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 11.04 (2006): 319-343.
• Waddock, Sandra A., and James E. Post. " Social Entrepreneurs and Catalytic Change ." Public Administration Review (1991): 393-401.
• Fowler, Alan. " NGDOs as a Moment in History: Beyond Aid to Social Entrepreneurship or Civic Innovation? " Third World Quarterly 21.4 (2000): 637-654.
• Mair, Johanna, and Ignasi Marti. " Entrepreneurship In and Around Institutional Voids: A Case Study from Bangladesh ." Journal of Business Venturing 24.5 (2009): 419-435.
• Drayton, William. " The Citizen Sector: Becoming as Entrepreneurial and Competitive as Business ." California Management Review 44.3 (2002): 120-132.

Notably, the literature is still young—14 of these articles were published after 2005. Also interesting is the spread of topics: More than half the articles are concerned with defining social entrepreneurship either in line with, or in contrast to, traditional business or traditional nonprofit work; three examine the state of social entrepreneurship research itself. Where they were published is also interesting: Nearly two-thirds were published in traditional management and entrepreneurship journals, with only two articles in nonprofit journals and two in public administration journals.

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Most striking to me, however, was that—despite having spent close to five years as an impact investor; having pored over academic syllabi in compiling my own; and having worked through a bookshelf full of writing on social enterprise (including Bornstein, Yunus, Polak, Bugg-Levine/Emerson), international development (Sachs, Easterly, Duflo/Banerjee), and white papers that have shaped impact investing (including “ The Pioneer Gap ” and “ Priming the Pump ”)—I had read only two of the articles from this analysis.

Increasingly curious, we looked at the new social entrepreneurship syllabus compiled by Skoll Foundation CEO Sally Osberg and Rotman School of Management Professor Roger Martin in conjunction with their new book, Getting Beyond Better ; thinking that perhaps they’d reviewed and incorporated more of these academically influential texts. Not so: Only one of the authors that surfaced in our analysis—Greg Dees—appears in their reading list. The other papers in their syllabus are in large part texts from fields such as innovation, design, and nonprofit evaluation. And the practitioners and business school professors that teach social entrepreneurship today reference hardly any of the academic scholarship on social entrepreneurship.

What explains why academics and practitioners of social entrepreneurship seem to be operating in such separate spheres? We asked two of our colleagues why—despite the increasing attention paid to the sector by deep-pocketed investors and governments—a corresponding body of academic work has not emerged to assess or inform practice. Rob Katz, co-author of “The Pioneer Gap,” believes the primary issue is incentive misalignment: “Practitioners, by nature, move faster than academics. They’re building, inventing, and pushing limits. Academics are not incentivized the same way; their institutional homes demand rigor and conservatism.” He sees practitioners as having a role to play in providing their experiences and data to academics, and treating that as a long-term investment: “People often first learn about social entrepreneurship in the classroom, and it’s in the long term interests of practitioners to ensure that students are learning what is current and relevant.”

Peter Roberts, academic director of social enterprise at Emory’s Goizueta Business School, has been working for several years to better understand accelerator effectiveness. He believes one of the main stumbling blocks relates to data collection and analysis. As the field of social entrepreneurship matures, more university researchers should (and will) turn their attention to the systematic, quantitative work necessary to move beyond anecdotes and case studies. If done well, those observations would be useful to practitioners, leading to more productive interactions between academia and practice. However, he’s “not sure that even then, academics and practitioners will be citing each other’s written work, as the best academic work isn’t necessarily the most accessible.” More likely, he says, the insights that come from good academic research will find a way to inform best practice, rather than finding their way into the reference lists of articles that write about best practice. Roberts’ hope is that more researchers will move through the continuum from anecdotes to structured observations based on qualitative research, and then to theories and predictions that can be tested in systematic, large sample studies. Ultimately, this would produce specific understandings that could be handed over to experimentalists for closer scrutiny. One obstacle to this kind of coordinated progress, Roberts points out, are the persistent debates about what constitutes a social entrepreneur—something that large sample studies could address. He says, “Some consensus on what we’re looking at is a prerequisite to building these larger samples.”

Another possibility we considered for the absence of scholarship in social entrepreneurship was that the relationship between academics and practitioners of social entrepreneurship mirrors that of traditional entrepreneurship ; perhaps practitioners and academics in that field were equally siloed. Not so, at least per anecdotal evidence: Business schools regularly host entrepreneurs in residence, and entrepreneurial education programs such as I-Corps connect researchers and potential entrepreneurs. And at the center of the nexus between practitioners and academics nexus sits the Kauffman Foundation , which runs the practitioner-focused Kauffman Fellows program and the academic website State of the Field .

The Kauffman State of the Field framework may provide a roadmap for social entrepreneurship researchers, as well as to researchers in other fields whose work could shed light on our own. Kauffman divides entrepreneurship research into six domains:

• Regional Dynamics
• Firm & Industry Dynamics
• Technology & Innovation
• Management, Organization & Strategy
• Background of Entrepreneurs

This list provides a set of discrete fields and subfields of study that line up with the methods of various disciplines that contribute to research on entrepreneurship and innovation. We would add one more: Outcomes and Impact. For us, impact is the banner around which both practitioners and academics can rally. Academics may seem slow and plodding to the practitioner, but only because they want to get it right. Practitioners may seem over-eager and unreflective to the academic, but only because there is fierce urgency in the injustices they work against.

As we hunted for the core canon of social entrepreneurship, we were surprised at just how wide the gap between academics and practitioners turned out to be. In that gap, we see opportunity and responsibility: Opportunity for academics to support practitioners’ efforts and to hold them accountable, and responsibility to push continually toward more effective and rigorously tested work to the benefit of the communities practitioners support.

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30 Great Entrepreneurship Research Topics

Pursuing independent research builds critical thinking skills, problem identification and solving skills, academic writing ability, and a solid grounding in innovative thinking. If you’re able to identify a relevant problem and pursue research into an original, feasible solution, then you can add tremendous value to both your profile and the world of research overall , while at the same time demonstrating your intellectual curiosity and methodical approach.

If you’re interested in pursuing research specifically in the world of entrepreneurship, taking a different tack from the myriad of pre-college programs and summer courses available, then we’ve compiled a list of 25+ research topics for you in this blog post .

Topic 1: Technological Innovations in Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurs stand at the forefront of technological advancements reshaping the business landscape. If you’re keen on the cutting edge of innovation, dive deep into the realms of AI, Virtual Reality, and Blockchain technology. By exploring these avenues, you can uncover groundbreaking business applications, from enhancing customer experiences to securing financial transactions. Some great topics to consider include:

1. AI and Machine Learning Applications in Business: Explore how businesses are utilizing AI and machine learning to enhance operations, customer experiences, and innovation.

2. Virtual Reality (VR) in Marketing: Investigate the potential of VR in creating immersive marketing experiences and their impact on consumer behavior.

3. Blockchain Technology in Financial Transactions: Research the role of blockchain technology in securing financial transactions and its implications for the banking sector.

Topic 2: Sustainable Entrepreneurship

As the world takes climate change and dwindling resources more seriously, you have the opportunity to foster business models that prioritize environmental sustainability, much like the economic research topics focusing on the climate crisis and environmental policies. Delve into green business initiatives, waste management solutions, and renewable energy ventures, fostering a harmonious relationship between entrepreneurship and the environment . Your research could potentially spearhead a generation of entrepreneurs who are environmentally conscious and responsible. Some topics you could consider include:

4. Green Business Models: Analyze the effectiveness of green business models in promoting environmental sustainability.

5. Waste Management Startups: Study the emergence of startups focusing on innovative waste management solutions.

6. Renewable Energy Ventures: Explore the potential of renewable energy ventures in mitigating climate change and their economic viability.

Ideas contributed by a Lumiere Mentor from the University of Michigan.

Topic 3: Social Entrepreneurship

If social justice is a subject important to you, then you can consider researching business models that address pressing social issues and foster community development. Drawing inspiration from inclusive and community-centric approaches seen in economics research topics, you can explore social impact startups, inclusive business models, and community-based entrepreneurship. Here are some ideas to get you started:

7. Social Impact Startups: Investigate the role of startups in addressing social issues and their impact on communities.

8. Inclusive Business Models: Research the effectiveness of inclusive business models in promoting social equality and economic development.

9. Community-Based Entrepreneurship: Study the role of community-based entrepreneurship in fostering local development and social cohesion.

Ideas contributed by Lumiere Mentors from UPenn, University of Washington, and Princeton University.

Topic 4: Entrepreneurial Leadership and Management

Adept leadership is often the crucial difference between soaring success and abject failure in the cutthroat world of entrepreneurship. You can explore diverse leadership styles, agile management practices, and crisis management strategies of different leaders across firms and sectors . Some possible topics include:

10. Leadership Styles in Startups: Analyze different leadership styles and their effectiveness in the startup environment.

11. Agile Management in Entrepreneurship: Investigate the adoption of agile management practices in entrepreneurship and its impact on business agility.

12. Crisis Management in Small Businesses: Study the strategies adopted by small businesses to manage crises and ensure business continuity.

Ideas contributed by Lumiere Mentors from Cornell and the University of Michigan.

Topic 5: Entrepreneurial Finance

If you want to explore the financial backbones of the startup world, you can investigate crowdfunding platforms, venture capital investments, and overall financial literacy . Your research can help foster a generation of entrepreneurs who are financially savvy and adept at securing funding for their ventures. Here are some ideas to get you started:

13. Crowdfunding in Startups: Explore the role of crowdfunding platforms in supporting startups and the factors influencing crowdfunding success.

14. Venture Capital and Startup Growth: Investigate the relationship between venture capital investment and startup growth.

15. Financial Literacy among Entrepreneurs: Study the level of financial literacy among entrepreneurs and its impact on business success.

Topic 6: Innovation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship

Resonating with the exploratory nature of physics and computer science research, y ou can explore innovation ecosystems, design thinking approaches, and creative problem-solving techniques. While innovation and creativity are important for all businesses, they are particularly critical for entrepreneurial efforts. You can start with topics like these:

16. Innovation Ecosystems in Business: Analyze the role of innovation ecosystems in fostering creativity and innovation in businesses.

17. Design Thinking in Entrepreneurship: Investigate the adoption of design thinking approaches in entrepreneurship and its impact on product development.

18. Creative Problem-Solving in Business: Study the role of creative problem-solving techniques in addressing business challenges and fostering innovation.

Topic 7: Global Entrepreneurship

As you step into the expansive world of global entrepreneurship, you are invited to explore the opportunities and challenges associated with international business ventures. You can investigate cross-border entrepreneurship, global supply chain management, and cultural intelligence. Your research can help identify and solve the challenges affecting international business operations and the cultural mores required to keep global businesses running. Here are some ideas for you to explore:

19. Diplomacy and Entrepreneurship: Research the impact of geopolitics and diplomatic relations on international businesses and how businesses can mitigate the impact of trade wars on their operations.

20. Global Supply Chain Management: Investigate the strategies adopted by businesses to manage global supply chains effectively.

21. Cultural Intelligence in International Business: Study the role of cultural intelligence in facilitating successful international business operations.

Topic 8: Entrepreneurial Education

Entrepreneurship is by and large a skill that can be taught, and you have the opportunity to delve into the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programs, experiential learning approaches, and entrepreneurial skill development. Here are some initial ideas:

22. Entrepreneurship Education in High Schools: Analyze the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programs in high schools in fostering an entrepreneurial mindset.

23. Experiential Learning in Entrepreneurship: Investigate the role of experiential learning approaches in entrepreneurship education.

24. Entrepreneurial Skill Development: Study the strategies adopted by educational institutions to foster entrepreneurial skill development among students.

Topic 9: Women in Entrepreneurship

Echoing the gender studies perspective seen in economics research, you can delve into success factors for women entrepreneurs, challenges faced by women in business, and initiatives promoting women's participation in the tech sector. Some topics you can start exploring are:

25. Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs: Investigate the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs and the strategies adopted to overcome them.

26. Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Nations: Research how women build and lead businesses in developing nations and their unique perspectives and contributions to their respective fields.

27. Contributions by Women in Entrepreneurial Leadership: Study the role of women specifically in leadership roles in startups and the resultant impact on firm performance and growth.

Topic 10: Youth Entrepreneurship

To research something that might be close to your own journey, you can explore the role of youth entrepreneurship in economic development, support systems for young entrepreneurs, and the relationship between youth entrepreneurship and innovation . A few topics to help get you started:

28. Youth Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Analyze the role of youth entrepreneurship in promoting economic development.

29. Support Systems for Young Entrepreneurs: Investigate the support systems available for young entrepreneurs and their effectiveness in fostering youth entrepreneurship.

30. Youth Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Study the relationship between youth entrepreneurship and innovation, and the factors influencing young entrepreneurs' propensity to innovate.

If you’re looking for an incubator program that helps you establish a developed startup in high school, consider the Young Founders Lab! 

The   Young Founder’s Lab   is a real-world start-up bootcamp founded and run by Harvard entrepreneurs. In this program, you will work towards building a revenue-generating start-up that addresses a real-world problem.   You will also have the opportunity to be mentored by established entrepreneurs and professionals from Google, Microsoft, and X. 

You can access the application link   here !

One more option - Lumiere Research Scholar Program

If you’re looking for the opportunity to do in-depth research on the above topics and more, you could also consider applying to one of the Lumiere Research Scholar Programs , selective online high school programs for students I founded with researchers at Harvard and Oxford. Last year, we had over 4000 students apply for 500 spots in the program! You can find the application form here.

Stephen is one of the founders of Lumiere and a Harvard College graduate. He founded Lumiere as a PhD student at Harvard Business School. Lumiere is a selective research program where students work 1-1 with a research mentor to develop an independent research paper.

Image Source: Lumiere logo

PhD Assistance

A literature review on social entrepreneurship research- future research directions, social entrepreneurship.

Social Entrepreneurship (SE) is a business model and approach to solving social and environmental problems that combines the principles of entrepreneurship and social impact. Social entrepreneurs are individuals or organizations that apply innovative and sustainable strategies to address pressing issues within society, such as poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, and access to education and healthcare .

Introduction

Social entrepreneurship (SE) has existed as a phenomenon since the beginning of entrepreneurial activities. The emergence of SE has coincided with the increasing inability of governments and the public sector to meet increasingly complex social welfare needs and challenges. SE signals the need to promote positive change to social problems. It is the social transformations in response to societal problems that distinguish SE from commercial entrepreneurs and the broader for-profit organizations. SE is thus a separate field of research from entrepreneurship.

Check out our PhD Literature review examples to see how the Literature review is structured.

Characteristics of Social Entrepreneurship

• Taking up the mission of creating and sustaining social value.
• Recognizing and persistently seeking new possibilities to further that objective.
• Participating in a constant process of invention, adaptation, and learning.
• Acting aggressively without being constrained by the resources at hand.
• Demonstrating a greater sense of accountability to the constituencies served and for the achievements achieved.

Key Themes in Social Entrepreneurship Research

• Theoretical Frameworks
• Impact Measurement
• Scaling and Sustainability
• Hybrid Business Models
• Ecosystems and Networks
• Policy and Regulation
• Gender and Diversity

Literature review on social entrepreneurship

Literature review on social entrepreneurship helps in gaining insights into the current state of the field and to identify research gap for future research directions. Social entrepreneurship is an evolving and interdisciplinary area of study that explores the intersection of business and social impact.

Despite the fact that entrepreneurial ideas and activities to accomplish social and economic advantages are not new, academic study on the issue has only recently acquired pace in the last decade (Saebi et al., 2019). Similarly, the phrase “social entrepreneurship” lacks a widely accepted meaning as well, making it a broad term that embraces a diverse variety of socially beneficial initiatives and activities. SE is characterized as “entrepreneurial activity with an embedded social purpose” (Cherrier et al., 2018). Others have emphasized SE as merging entrepreneurship’s economic purpose with its social aspirations (Chell et al., 2016; Saebi et al., 2019). Regardless of definitions, SE literature frequently emphasizes the purpose of SE as producing both social and economic benefits ( Doherty et al., 2014 ;  Saebi et al., 2019 ;  Santos, 2012 ;  Wu et al., 2020 ).

According to Gupta and colleagues (2020), there is a need to synthesize SE research into research topics in order to not only “bring the loose ends together” but also to showcase “the breadth of research” and “provide answers to practical questions by understanding the existing research.”

Check out our study guide to learn a step-by-step writing guide for Annotated Bibliography.

Future Research Directions

Investigation of process stages at the micro- and macro-levels.

Some literature suggests SE processes, but most discussions are at the meso-level, excluding micro- and macro-level discussions.

• A Co-Citation and Co-Word Analysis of Social Entrepreneurship Research

Although a study was done by Phan Tan Luc in 2020 contributes to social entrepreneurship literature by combining co-citation analysis and keyword analysis to determine the literature structure and potential research directions.

• The (R) Evolution of the Social Entrepreneurship Concept: A Critical Historical Review

A study done by Simon Teasdale (2023) discovered that social entrepreneurship research has been enriched by the application of different disciplinary perspectives (including, but not limited to, public administration, economics, and development studies) and theoretical (including institutional theory and critical discursive) approaches.

• Intention Towards Digital Social Entrepreneurship: An Integrated Model

Based on the basic frameworks of entrepreneurial intention theory, Arpita Ghatak (2023), the theory of planned behaviour, and expectancy theory, the paper proposes that experiences in social organization and digital organization lead to IDSE.

In conclusion, social entrepreneurship is a dynamic and evolving field with a wide range of research opportunities. Researchers can play a crucial role in advancing our knowledge of social entrepreneurship and its potential for positive change. Our review of SE literature further highlights the need for future research to examine SE in resource-constrained environments, technological advancement and its impact on SE, the types of social enterprises and their outcomes, and various emerging topics in SE.

About PhD Assistance

Ph.D. Assistance offers comprehensive dissertation literature review services, utilizing academic sources like journals, textbooks, and newspaper articles to create a Theoretical or Conceptual framework , hypothesis, and questionnaire. Our experts ensure your research work is ready for journal publication, with access to the latest reference sources.

• Muhammad Hamirul, Hamizan Roslan , Suraya Hamid, Mohamad Taha Ijab, Farrah Dina Yusop & Azah Anir Norman (2022) Social entrepreneurship in higher education: challenges and opportunities, Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 42:3, 588-604,
• Suchek, Nathalia, Joao J. Ferreira, and Paula O. Fernandes. “A review of entrepreneurship and circular economy research: State of the art and future directions.”  Business Strategy and the Environment 5 (2022): 2256-2283.
• Klarin, A., & Suseno, Y . (2023). An Integrative Literature Review of Social Entrepreneurship Research: Mapping the Literature and Future Research Directions.  Business & Society ,  62 (3), 565–611.
• conceptual framework
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Social Entrepreneurship Program

At Stanford GSB, you’ll find a rich array of academic and co-curricular opportunities to explore social entrepreneurship and build a social or environmental venture from the ground up.

The Center for Social Innovation can provide resources to help you immerse yourself and learn more about the problem, define the opportunities for impact, develop solution hypotheses, build a business model (nonprofit or for-profit), find advisors, and make a plan to raise the resources needed to turn your idea into reality.

Courses Taught by World-Class Faculty

Through your coursework, develop your entrepreneurial skills, learn how to integrate design thinking and social innovation, prepare to measure the impact of your venture model, and navigate the funding landscape.

Financial Support

Receive support for early-stage experimentation, summer immersion in the social entrepreneurship space, and launch your social or environmental venture after graduation.

Expert Guidance

Develop your idea through events and workshops:

• One-on-one conversations with leading social entrepreneurs – including our Visiting Social Entrepreneurs – will provide external feedback to inform and anchor student planning and provide helpful advice for taking your venture to the next level
• Workshops and peer activities will provide structured opportunities to build your idea, strengthen your theory of change, and implement next steps to better understand your problem area, develop a prototype, and clarify next steps for your venture
• Coaching from CSI pulls it all together. You’ll find both the support and the rigor needed to keep you on track as you plan your academic experience and aim toward the launch of your social venture

Meet the CSI Visiting Social Entrepreneurs

Each year, CSI invites leading social entrepreneurs with diverse perspectives and lived experiences to mentor, guide, and inspire the next generation of changemakers at the GSB.

Dara Cook is the founder and CEO of Expect Fitness, a prenatal and postnatal streaming fitness platform approved by OB/GYNs, designed for safety and optimized for pregnancy to reduce maternal and child complications. Expect has achieved a clinical study with the University of Alabama at Birmingham's #5 OB/GYN department; trials with Penn Medicine's Helen O. Dickens Women's Health Center, NYC Department of Health's Brownsville Neighborhood Health Action Center, and various Healthy Start programs. Before launching Expect, Dara spent 22 years at MTV, most recently as senior vice president of MTV Entertainment, which encompassed MTV, Comedy Central, and MTV International, among others. She launched MTV’s touring and podcast businesses and was named one of the Most Influential Minorities in Cable.

Sonali Mehta-Rao

Sonali Mehta-Rao is the founder and CEO of Ahaana Ventures, which offers entrepreneur-centric investing, coaching, and capacity building to underrepresented social and eco-entrepreneurs (women, minorities, and indigenous founders) in South Asia. Sonali was previously the co-founder and chief growth officer of Awaaz.De, a fintech company with a B2B SaaS product for customer engagement enabling microfinance institutions to more effectively communicate with rural women customers. Earlier in her career, Sonali co-founded and led Mela Artisans, a social enterprise focused on unlocking global markets for marginalized artisan communities in India.

Alexandra Ruiz

Alexandra Ruiz is the founder and CEO of Poder Capital, a lending platform by and for the Latinx community that uses a community-focused lending process to determine loan readiness and unlock capital for Latinx entrepreneurs. Alexandra spent five years working for the City of New York, where she developed the city's vaccination strategy for 12- to 17-year-olds and served as the executive director of programs at the Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs. Alexandra also previously founded and led a nonprofit that provides services and resources to immigrant New Yorkers.

Carmita Semaan

Carmita Samaan is the founder and CEO of the Surge Institute, a nonprofit that develops and educates leaders of color who create transformative change for young people, their families, and their broader communities. Since launching in 2014 in Chicago, Surge has expanded to six additional markets and has served 367 alumni who directly impact 3.4 million students across the country. Carmita's superpower is supporting and elevating the genius of emerging and seasoned leaders—particularly women and people of color—and shining a light on the brilliance and ingenuity that is too often overlooked and untapped in solving systemic issues.

Dr. Hitesh Tolani

Hitesh Tolani, DMD, was the founder and CEO of Virtudent, America's first and leading telemedicine company for oral health. Started in 2013, Hitesh helped change telemedicine laws state-by-state and roll out telemedicine parity with America's largest insurance companies, for which he was repeatedly named among the most influential people in dentistry. Virtudent served ~250 of the largest companies nationwide (e.g., Microsoft, CVS, Fidelity Investments, TJX, Wayfair), while providing free dental care to thousands of children in social safety net programs. After a recent successful exit, Hitesh founded Gays of National Parks, and partnered with the National Park Service & Public Lands Alliance, to address the loneliness epidemic for LGBTQIA+ people.

Dr. Kortney Ziegler

Kortney Ziegler, PhD, is the founder and CEO of WellMoney, a money-sharing community that enables members to both receive and provide monetary aid during times of financial emergencies. Kourtney is a serial social entrepreneur who previously co-founded a crowdfunding platform—Appolition—that raised over $1 million to pay bail for people who couldn’t afford it and Trans*H4CK, a nonprofit that created tech for the transgender community and visibility for trans technologists and entrepreneurs.

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Transformative Forces: Social Entrepreneurship as Key Competency

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• Slide Share

The Next Wave of Entrepreneurship Research: 10 Emerging Topics for 2023

Entrepreneurship has been a hot topic for several years now, and with the pace of technological advancement, it has become even more dynamic. The entrepreneurship landscape is constantly evolving, and with it, the research areas that need to be explored. As we head into 2023, there are some exciting and emerging topics in entrepreneurship that are worth exploring. Here are the ten emerging topics in entrepreneurship research that are set to define the next wave of entrepreneurship.

1. Social Entrepreneurship

Social entrepreneurship is gaining more attention and prominence as entrepreneurs are seeking to make a positive impact on society. It involves the creation of sustainable and innovative solutions to social problems. In the 21st century, social entrepreneurship is a growing trend, and research into this field can provide insights into how entrepreneurs can create businesses that not only generate profits but also make a positive impact on the community.

2. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

Entrepreneurial ecosystems are a complex network of actors and resources that support entrepreneurial activity in a region or country. Research into the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems can help to understand how policymakers and entrepreneurs can work together to create an environment that fosters entrepreneurship.

3. Digital Entrepreneurship

With the advancement of technology, digital entrepreneurship is becoming more important than ever. Research into the various aspects of digital entrepreneurship, including e-commerce, digital marketing, and social media, can help entrepreneurs to understand how to leverage technology to create successful businesses.

4. Sustainable Entrepreneurship

Sustainability is a critical issue that businesses need to address in the 21st century. Sustainable entrepreneurship involves the creation of businesses that not only generate profits but also have a positive impact on the environment. Research into this area can provide insights into how entrepreneurs can create businesses that are both sustainable and profitable.

5. Corporate Entrepreneurship

Corporate entrepreneurship is a relatively new concept that involves the development of entrepreneurial activities within an established organization. Research into corporate entrepreneurship can help to understand how companies can foster innovation and entrepreneurial thinking within their organizations.

6. Family Entrepreneurship

Family businesses are a significant contributor to the global economy. Research into family entrepreneurship can help to understand the unique challenges and opportunities that family businesses face, and how they can be managed effectively.

7. Entrepreneurial Finance

Access to finance is critical for entrepreneurs to start and grow their businesses. Research into entrepreneurial finance can help to understand the different types of funding available, the challenges that entrepreneurs face in securing funding, and how they can overcome those challenges.

8. Entrepreneurial Mindset

Entrepreneurship is not just about starting a business. It is also about having the right mindset. Research into the entrepreneurial mindset can help to understand the traits and characteristics that are common among successful entrepreneurs.

9. Entrepreneurial Education

Entrepreneurship education is becoming more important, as more people are considering entrepreneurship as a career option. Research into entrepreneurial education can provide insights into the best practices for teaching entrepreneurship, as well as the impact of entrepreneurship education on the success of entrepreneurs.

10. Entrepreneurial Resilience

Entrepreneurship can be a challenging and uncertain journey. Research into entrepreneurial resilience can help to understand how entrepreneurs can develop the resilience and mental toughness needed to overcome the challenges they face on their entrepreneurial journey.

In conclusion, entrepreneurship is a dynamic field that is constantly evolving. As we head into 2023, these emerging topics in entrepreneurship research are set to define the next wave of entrepreneurship. By researching these topics, we can gain insights into how entrepreneurs can create successful businesses that not only generate profits but also have a positive impact on society and the environment.

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Entrepreneurship

• Entrepreneurship - Home

Social Entrepreneurship

Related usc libguides, books and ebooks, find more books, public websites and organizations, social entrepreneurship and roi, trade journals.

This webpage is designed to help anyone interested in social Social Entrepreneurship including participants in the USC Marshall Master of Science in Social Social Entrepreneurship  degree program.

Also look for resources, contacts and other information provided by Marshall's Brittingham Social Enterprise Lab .

• Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
• Sustainable or "Green" Business

Here is one definition:

Social entrepreneurship describes the discovery and sustainable exploitation of opportunities to create social and environmental benefits. This is usually done through the generation of disequilibria in market and non-market environments. The social entrepreneurship process can in some cases lead to the creation of social enterprises. These social ventures are hybrid organisations exhibiting characteristics of both the for-profit and not-for-profit sector. Individuals engaging in social entrepreneurship are usually referred to as social entrepreneurs, a term that describes resourceful individuals working to create social innovation. They do not only have to identify (or create) opportunities for social change (that so far have been unexploited), they must also muster the resources necessary to turn these opportunities into reality. A typical example is Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank (Bangladesh) and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his contribution to poverty alleviation through the invention and popularisation of microfinance .

Today many foundation s aim to identify and promote social entrepreneurs. Two prominent examples are Ashoka and the Skoll Foundation. These so-called venture philanthropists adopt methods from the domain of venture capital, for example, encouraging social entrepreneurs to provide detailed business plans and to measure and report systematically on their social performance. Social return on investment (S-ROI) analysis is an example of an emerging tool aimed at describing the social impact of social entrepreneurship in dollar terms, relative to the philanthropic investment made.

Source:   Credo Reference

Hockerts, K. (2007). Social entrepreneurship . In The A to Z of corporate social responsibility . Retrieved from https://libproxy.usc.edu/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/wileyazcsr/social_entrepreneurship/0

• Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship - Resources Various reports and articles on social entrepreneurship, plus the Foundation's annual report
• The Rise of the Social Enterprise Deloitte's 2018 Global Human Capital Trends report
• Assessing the Role of International Organizations in the Development of the Social Enterprise Sector A 2018 Policy Research Working Paper from the World Bank Group
• Social Entrepreneurship Amongst Women and Men in the United States A 2017 report from the National Women's Business Council.
• Social Enterprise in a Global Context: the role of higher education institutions. Country brief: California, USA A 2016 report from the British Council.
• Reaching the Last Mile: social enterprise business models for inclusive development A 2018 report from the World Bank Group
• Results-Based Financing through Social Enterprises A 2020 World Bank Group white paper "in response to the Covid-19 pandemic"
• Social Enterprises: community economic development toolkit A 2018 how-to guide from Action Partnership
• Supporting Social Entrepreneurship A 2016 "roadmap" from the Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors

Click on the links below to view the USC Libraries Catalog  records.  To access e-books, click on the link for "Electronic access" in the USC Libraries Catalog record.

Click her to find more books and ebooks on " Social Entrepreneurship ".

• Ashoka "Ashoka is the largest network of social entrepreneurs worldwide, with nearly 3,000 Ashoka Fellows in 70 countries putting their system changing ideas into practice on a global scale."
• Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship "The Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship provides unparalleled platforms at the regional and global level to highlight and advance leading models of sustainable social innovation. It identifies a select community of social entrepreneurs and engages it in shaping global, regional and industry agendas that improve the state of the world in close collaboration with the other stakeholders of the World Economic Forum."
• Skoll Foundation "...our mission is to drive large scale change by investing in, connecting and celebrating social entrepreneurs and the innovators who help them solve the world’s most pressing problems."
• Social Enterprise Alliance "Our aim is for social enterprise to reach its full potential as a force for positive social change, in service to the common good. To achieve this purpose, we provide social enterprises with the tools and resources they need to succeed, and work on building an optimal environment in which they can thrive."
• Social Innovation Forum
• Impact Garden - Social Innovation & Social Entrepreneurship "A knowledge and resource sharing platform, providing a window to the inspirational world of sustainability and impact."
• Lloyd Greif Center for Entrepreneurial Studies - Student Organizations

Public websites that work with standards and performance metrics to measure the social, environmental and financial return on investments:

• IRIS Metrics "IRIS is the catalog of generally-accepted performance metrics that leading impact investors use to measure the social, environmental, and financial performance of their investments. IRIS metrics align with a number of 3rd party standards, and proprietary metric sets."
• Social Value UK "Social Value UK is the national network for anyone interested in social value and social impact. We work with our members to increase the accounting, measuring and maximising of social value from the perspective of those affected by an organisation’s activities, through our Social Value Principles. We believe in a world where a broader definition of value will change decision making and ultimately decrease inequality and environmental degradation."
• Social Value International "At Social Value International, we believe that social value has a huge potential to help us change the way we understand the world around us, and make decisions about where to invest resources. By changing the way we account for value, we believe that we will end up with a world with more equality and a more sustainable environment. "
• Social Value - Standards & Guidance
• Social Value - Accredited Tools & Software Lists "products (that) have been created by members of Social Value International and our Global Networks. They have been reviewed by Social Value International and accredited as showing alignment with the Social Value Principles."
• Social Enterprise Journal Online access from 2006 to last year
• Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Online access from 2010 to present
• Stanford Social Innovation Review Online access from 2003 to present
• Inc. magazine - Social Entrepreneurship
• Pioneers Post
• Rank and File
• See Change: the magazine of social entrepreneurship
• The Collider Published by the Centre for Social Innovation
• << Previous: Entrepreneurship - Home
• Last Updated: Jun 4, 2024 11:12 AM
• URL: https://libguides.usc.edu/entrepreneur

List of Research Topics in Entrepreneurship: Exploring the Frontiers of Entrepreneurship

Table of contents

• 1 In What Areas Can You Choose Research Topic on Entrepreneurship?
• 2.1 Entrepreneur Topics about Mindset
• 2.2 Entrepreneurial Finance
• 2.3 Entrepreneurial Marketing
• 2.4 Social Entrepreneurship
• 2.5 Innovation and Technology Entrepreneurship
• 2.6 Small Business Management and Entrepreneurship
• 2.7 Sustainable Entrepreneurship
• 2.8 Entrepreneurship Education
• 2.9 Crisis and Resilience Entrepreneurship
• 2.10 E-Commerce and Online Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship lights the spark of economic growth and paves the path for innovation. In the business world, it stands as a vital force, driving change and offering opportunities for research into its many facets. The study of start-ups opens a window into the strategies, challenges, and successes that shape the business landscape. It is an arena rich with diverse topics, each promising insights into the entrepreneurial journey. From the analysis of startup culture to the exploration of social enterprise, research papers on entrepreneurship delve into the mechanics of business creation and development. They also study entrepreneurs’ personalities and the economic systems that help or hurt businesses.

In What Areas Can You Choose Research Topic on Entrepreneurship?

Entrepreneurship fuels business growth and sparks new ideas. It’s a key driver in the business world, pushing for change and offering many areas to explore. Looking into entrepreneurship research topics is like peeking into how businesses start and grow, their challenges, and what makes them succeed. This field is packed with various subjects for study, each shedding light on different parts of the entrepreneurial path. Whether it’s digging into how new companies shake things up or how businesses that do good manage to make money, papers on entrepreneurship topics tackle how businesses get off the ground and what helps or hinders their journey. When you dive into writing a report on these topics, you’re set to discover tales of grit, fresh ideas, and the big changes that entrepreneurs bring to the business world.

Best Topics for Entrepreneurship Research Papers

Exploring the best topics in entrepreneurship research papers reveals a world where innovative ideas meet the rigors of academic scrutiny, setting the stage for groundbreaking studies in the vibrant realm of business ventures.

Entrepreneur Topics about Mindset

An entrepreneurial mindset is the bedrock of business innovation, a mental toolkit that combines risk-taking with creative problem-solving. It empowers individuals to embrace challenges and seize opportunities in the relentless pursuit of success.

• The Role of Resilience in Nurturing an Entrepreneurial Mindset.
• Growth Mindset: The Fuel for Entrepreneurial Innovation.
• Decision-Making Processes of Successful Entrepreneurs.
• The Impact of Risk Tolerance on Entrepreneurial Success.
• Leveraging Digital Marketing for New Entrepreneurial Ventures.
• The Psychology Behind Entrepreneurial Motivation and Persistence.
• Networking and Relationship-Building in Developing an Entrepreneurial Mindset.
• The Influence of Mentorship on Shaping Entrepreneurial Attitudes.
• Overcoming Fear of Failure in Entrepreneurial Ventures.
• The Key to an Entrepreneur’s Continuous Growth.

Entrepreneurial Finance

Entrepreneurial finance is the cornerstone of turning innovative ideas into viable businesses, providing the lifeblood for growth and development. It spans a spectrum of strategies and resources that entrepreneurs must navigate to fund their ventures and fuel their ambitions.

• Venture Capital Trends in Modern Entrepreneurial Finance.
• Securing Angel Investment for Tech Startups.
• Financial Bootstrapping Methods for Startups.
• The Role of Fintech in Shaping Entrepreneurial Financial Strategies.
• Sustainable Finance Models for Social Entrepreneurship Ventures.
• Exit Strategies: Evaluating the Endgame in Entrepreneurial Finance.
• The Impact of Global Economic Policies on Entrepreneurial Funding.
• Cryptocurrency and Blockchain: Emerging Frontiers in Entrepreneur Finance.
• The Intersection of Intellectual Property and Finance for Entrepreneurs.
• Gender Perspectives in Entrepreneurial Fundraising: Overcoming the Capital Gap.

Entrepreneurial Marketing

Entrepreneurial marketing stands at the crossroads where inventive strategies meet market needs, a vital area for those looking to make a mark in the business world. These entrepreneurship research paper topics delve into unconventional marketing tactics that have reshaped industries and consumer behavior.

• The Role of Viral Marketing in Startup Success: A Case Study Approach.
• Leveraging User-Generated Content for Brand Building: An Emerging Entrepreneurship Research Paper Topic.
• The Efficacy of Influencer Partnerships in Entrepreneurial Marketing Campaigns.
• Sustainability and Green Marketing: An Entrepreneurial Perspective.
• Grassroots Marketing Techniques for Bootstrapped Startups.
• The Impact of Augmented Reality on Consumer Engagement in Entrepreneurial Ventures.
• Niche Marketing: Tailoring Solutions for Specific Markets in Entrepreneurship.
• The Evolution of Content Marketing in the Digital Entrepreneurship Era.
• Ethical Marketing Practices: Building Trust in New Ventures.
• Analyzing the Effectiveness of Social Media Advertising in Entrepreneurial Settings.

Social Entrepreneurship

Social enterprise fuses the drive for business innovation with a commitment to solving societal issues, representing a nexus where profit meets purpose. These entrepreneurship titles invite exploration into how enterprises can effect real and sustainable change in the community and beyond.

• Measuring Impact: Evaluating Social Return on Investment in Social Ventures.
• Social Entrepreneurship Models: A Comparative Analysis of Global Initiatives.
• The Role of Non-Profit Organizations in Pioneering Social Entrepreneurship Trends.
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) vs. Social Entrepreneurship: Delineating the Differences.
• Social Enterprise Startups: Challenges and Strategies for Scalability.
• The Influence of Technology on Social Entrepreneurship Outcomes.
• Grassroots Movements: The Birthplace of Disruptive Social Entrepreneurship Ideas.
• Cross-Sector Partnerships: Enhancing the Efficacy of Social Entrepreneurial Projects.
• Funding Social Innovation: A Look at Alternative Finance Models.
• The Power of Storytelling in Social Entrepreneurship Branding and Outreach.

Innovation and Technology Entrepreneurship

Innovation and technology entrepreneurship represent the cutting edge of modern business practices, where breakthroughs in science and digital advancements lead to new market opportunities. These entrepreneurship research papers delve into the synthesis of inventive tech and business savvy, charting the course for future industry leaders.

• Artificial Intelligence Startups: Disrupting Traditional Marketplaces.
• The Internet of Things (IoT): Crafting Connected Solutions in Tech Entrepreneurship.
• Blockchain for Business: Beyond Cryptocurrency to Innovation.
• The Rise of EdTech: Transforming Education through Entrepreneurial Ventures.
• HealthTech Innovations: Entrepreneurship at the Frontline of Medical Technology.
• Green Tech Entrepreneurship: Sustainable Solutions for Environmental Challenges.
• The Gig Economy and Tech Entrepreneurship: A Synergistic Relationship.
• Cybersecurity Ventures: A Look at Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Protecting Digital Assets.
• The Role of 3D Printing in Manufacturing Entrepreneurship.
• Space Tech Entrepreneurship: The New Frontier for Business Innovation.

Small Business Management and Entrepreneurship

Small business management and entrepreneurs are the engines of economic dynamism, adapting swiftly to the current trends in entrepreneurship. These topics explore the myriad strategies that small businesses employ to thrive and the entrepreneurial spirit that drives their growth and resilience.

• Navigating the Challenges of Small Business Digital Transformation.
• Localized Marketing Tactics for Small Business Entrepreneurs.
• The Impact of E-Commerce on Traditional Small Business Models.
• Strategies for Small Business Survival in a Post-Pandemic Economy.
• Exploring the Benefits of Co-operative Business Models in Modern Entrepreneurship.
• The Role of Community Support in Small Business Success.
• Analyzing the Shift Towards Remote Work in Small Business Settings.
• The Adoption of Sustainable Practices in Small Scale Enterprises.
• The Effect of Consumer Trends on Small Business Product Development.
• Small Business Financial Management: Adapting to the New Norms of Entrepreneurial Finance.

Sustainable Entrepreneurship

Sustainable entrepreneurship marries the principles of environmental and social stewardship with business acumen, targeting long-term prosperity and responsibility. These topics spotlight the strategies and models that sustainably-minded businesses use to innovate while honoring their commitment to the planet and society.

• Circular Economy Business Models and Their Impact on Sustainability.
• The Role of Renewable Energy in Sustainable Entrepreneurial Ventures.
• Assessing the Viability of Organic Farming in Sustainable Business.
• Eco-friendly Packaging Solutions: A Study in Sustainable Entrepreneurship.
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiatives in Small and Medium Enterprises.
• The Influence of Sustainable Tourism on Local Entrepreneurial Activities.
• Green Technology Investments as a Strategy for Sustainable Entrepreneurship.
• Sustainable Supply Chain Management for Entrepreneurial Success.
• Social Impact Bonds: Financing Tools for Sustainable Entrepreneurs.
• The Evolution of Consumer Behavior Towards Sustainable Products and Its Implications for Entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurship Education

Entrepreneurship education equips aspiring business leaders with the tools and mindset to innovate and excel in today’s competitive markets. This field of study blends practical skills with theoretical knowledge, creating a fertile ground for cultivating the entrepreneurs of tomorrow.

• The Impact of Online Learning Platforms on Entrepreneurial Skill Development.
• Cross-disciplinary Approaches to Teaching Entrepreneurship.
• The Role of Business Plan Competitions in Entrepreneurship Education.
• Mentoring in Entrepreneurship: Building Bridges between Theory and Practice.
• Gamification as a Teaching Tool in Entrepreneurship Courses.
• Measuring the Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Education Programs.
• Entrepreneurial Thinking in Non-Business Disciplines.
• The Globalization of Entrepreneurship Education: Challenges and Opportunities.
• Incorporating Ethics and Social Responsibility in Entrepreneurship Curricula.
• The Influence of Student-led Ventures on Entrepreneurial Learning Outcomes.

Crisis and Resilience Entrepreneurship

Crisis and resilience entrepreneurship examines how businesses navigate through turbulence and bounce back stronger, turning challenges into opportunities. These topics delve into the strategies that enable entrepreneurs to withstand adversity and emerge with innovative solutions.

• Startups in Times of Economic Downturn: Survival Strategies.
• Building Resilient Supply Chains in Entrepreneurial Ventures.
• The Role of Agile Management in Crisis Adaptation for Small Businesses.
• Entrepreneurial Leadership During Uncertain Times.
• Crisis Communication: Maintaining Stakeholder Trust in Entrepreneurial Firms.
• Financial Risk Management for Entrepreneurs in Volatile Markets.
• The Impact of Global Health Crises on Entrepreneurial Business Models.
• Leveraging Digital Transformation for Crisis Resilience in Entrepreneurship.
• Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Support Networks for Business Continuity.
• Post-Crisis Growth: Strategies for Entrepreneurial Renewal.

E-Commerce and Online Entrepreneurship

E-commerce and online entrepreneurship are revolutionizing the way we do business, breaking down geographical barriers and opening new avenues for growth. These topics explore the innovative strategies and challenges of conducting business in the digital realm.

• Personalization Tactics in Online Retail Startups.
• Cybersecurity Measures for Small E-Commerce Businesses.
• Mobile Commerce: The Next Frontier for Digital Entrepreneurs.
• Social Media Influence on Online Consumer Behavior.
• The Gig Economy’s Role in Shaping E-Commerce Trends.
• Subscription Model Success: Lessons for Online Entrepreneurs.
• Cross-border E-Commerce: Expansion Strategies for Online Businesses.
• E-Commerce Logistics: Innovations in Fulfillment and Delivery.
• The Rise of Online Marketplaces: A Study in Digital Entrepreneurship.
• Customer Service Excellence in E-Commerce Ventures.

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Contemporary topics in entrepreneurship research

The purpose of this course is to introduce PhD candidates to topics studied in Entrepreneurship (ENT) research. The focus will be on contemporary Entrepreneurship research, meaning topics discussed in the last 5 years in academic articles published in top Entrepreneurship (Journal of Business Venturing, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal) and General Management journals (e.g., Academy of Management Journal, Administrative Science Quarterly). On occasion, the course may employ articles published in related fields (e.g., Innovation, Information Systems, Psychology, Strategic Management) if the respective articles are discussing topics relevant for entrepreneurship research.

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN

The course objectives are twofold. First, PhD candidates will become familiar with the topics and debates currently active in the ENT research community, which may support them in choosing or refining the topic of their own doctoral dissertation. Second, PhD candidates will develop an understanding, in the broader sense, of what makes a paper publishable in top academic journals, and learn to critically assess academic articles (e.g., the relevance of the theoretical gap, use of theories, suitability of the methods for a specific research question).

Teaching and learning activities

Overall the course will have 8 sessions spread over 4 days (one session in the morning and one in the afternoon), each on a different entrepreneurship topic. The 8 topics I consider covering are the following:

• entrepreneurial decision-making
• entrepreneurial finance
• entrepreneurial/co-founder teams
• social entrepreneurship
• economics of entrepreneurship
• methodological advances in entrepreneurship research
• new venture creation
• new venture growth and failure

COMPULSORY ELEMENTS

The course will take place face-to-face and attendance is mandatory for all participants. The Course Director assesses if and how absence may be compensated.

The sessions follow a “flipped classroom” model, where PhD candidates are expected to read the articles beforehand, and sessions focus on presenting and discussing these materials. Because the course is set as an intensive 4-day course, PhD candidates need to read all the articles before the course starts, reading carefully all the articles during the course days is not feasible.

EXAMINATION

Students are assessed based on

• active classroom discussions of the articles students have to read before the course starts
• presentation(s) of two or three articles assigned by the course instructor (depending on the number of students registered to the course)
• a proposal for a paper on one of the 8 main topics/themes discussed in the course (maximum 5000 words including references) due one month after the last session of the course.

LITERATURE AND OTHER TEACHING MATERIALS

22-24 academic articles on entrepreneurship topics published recently (i.e. last 5 years) or “in press” in top academic journals (downloadable from SSE Library’s databases).

Please see below a few examples of articles considered for inclusion (the list is neither exhaustive nor definitive):

Amore, M. D., Garofalo, O., & Martin-Sanchez, V. (2021). Failing to learn from failure: How optimism impedes entrepreneurial innovation. Organization Science, 32(4), 940-964. Camuffo, A., Cordova, A., Gambardella, A., & Spina, C. (2020). A scientific approach to entrepreneurial decision making: Evidence from a randomized control trial. Management Science, 66(2), 564-586. Douglas, E. J., Shepherd, D. A., & Prentice, C. (2020). Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis for a finer-grained understanding of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing , 35(1), 105970. Eesley, C. E., & Wu, L. (2019). For startups, adaptability and mentor network diversity can be pivotal: Evidence from a randomized experiment on a mooc platform. MIS Quarterly, Forthcoming. Eesley, C., & Wang, Y. (2017). Social influence in career choice: Evidence from a randomized field experiment on entrepreneurial mentorship. Research Policy , 46(3), 636-650. Gänser-Stickler, G. M., Schulz, M., & Schwens, C. (2022). Sitting on the fence-Untangling the role of uncertainty in entrepreneurship and paid employment for hybrid entry. Journal of Business Venturing , 37(2), 106176.

2024-05-28 - 2024-05-31

Course type

Overall the course will have 8 sessions spread over 4 days (one session in the morning and one in the afternoon), each on a different entrepreneurship topic.

Stockholm School of Entrepreneurship

PhD students and candidates from all disciplines are welcome to apply (see separate link below). The selection of participants will be based on the relevance of the course for the applicant’s doctoral project. The course is designed for a maximum of 14 students, and we reserve the right to admit students on a rolling basis. We will be accepting applications up until April 14th, 2024. Only applications submitted via the link below will be considered.

The course fee will be waived for all admitted students.

Roxana Turturea

Course Director, Assistant Professor, SSE

Advanced qualitative methods in entrepreneurship and innovation research

How do we study what we say we study? In this doctoral course, we choose to take a closer look into research that has approached the phenomena of entrepreneurship using qualitative methods.

• Dates: Oct 12 - Dec 01 - 2023
• Director/teacher: Jessica Lindbergh
• Director/teacher: Karin Berglund
• Director/teacher: Birgitta Schwartz
• Director/teacher: Anna Wettermark

Framing Research Papers for Publication

Even if you have conducted an excellent research study and want to publish your findings for the academic community, it does not unfortunately guarantee an immediate acceptance into a journal. There is a lot more to it, and that is what we will explore in this seminar.

• Dates: Sep 28 - 2023
• Director/teacher: Phillip Kim

Exploring Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Research

In order to develop and pursue your own business idea, whether in an economical or social setting, you need to know the relevant business tools. Throughout this unique course you will get an understanding of the potential of innovation and entrepreneurship, learn how to develop a business idea from research, improve your communication skills and enhance your career opportunities inside and outside academia.

• Dates: Sep 18 - Nov 17 - 2023
• Director/teacher: Samer Yammine

Research for Societal Impact

The course aims to give doctoral students an opportunity to reflect on the importance of academic research and how this can lead to societal change.

• Dates: Nov 04–08 - 2024
• Director/teacher: Hanna Jansson
• Director/teacher: Cecilie Hilmer

Designing Empirical Research in Entrepreneurship

This course introduces students to research designs commonly used by social scientists to study people, organizations, and markets. To demonstrate empirical techniques, approaches from various fields and contexts are used throughout the course.

• Dates: Jun 25–28 - 2024
• Director/teacher: Christopher Rider

Advanced quantitative methods in entrepreneurship and innovation research

The course provides an overview of quantitative research methods, with a particular focus on applications in studies of entrepreneurship and innovation.

• Dates: Sep 06 - Oct 27 - 2023
• Director/teacher: Anders Broström

Classics in Entrepreneurship Research

This course explores research on entrepreneurship, building on classic readings in an interdisciplinary framework. The course offers doctoral students an opportunity to study and develop scholarly theories of entrepreneurial behavior and outcomes. We will study theories of entrepreneurial behavior at the individual, small group, organization, industry and national levels of analysis.

• Dates: Jun 03–05 - 2024

An Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights in an Academic Context

This course aims to enable the participants to get a broad overview of intellectual property rights and discuss how they can be used to support and impact academic research.

• Dates: Mar 18–22 - 2024
• Director/teacher: Andreas Lundquist

Generative AI for Academic Research

Gain practical insights into the latest advancements in generative AI and learn to use them to your advantage.

• Dates: Dec 01 - 2023
• Director/teacher: Francesco Ferrati

Mastering Science Communication and Public Engagement; From Research to Resonance

The course aims to train students in science communication and public engagement. The focus lies on communication with peers and engagement with the general public. Emphasis is on storytelling, understanding your audience and improve presentation skills with creative tools and explorative approach. The course is given in an interdisciplinary setting.

• Dates: Feb 05–20 - 2024
• Director/teacher: Anna Birgersdotter

Assessing the Value of Medical Innovation

This course provides insights into medical innovation’s impact on global economics and society, focusing on equipping students with the skills to assess the value of advancements in medical technology fields amidst regulatory challenges.

• Dates: May 20–31 - 2024

Navigating Mental Health and Well-being for Entrepreneurship and Innovation PhD Students

• Dates: Nov 20 - 2023
• Director/teacher: Johan Wiklund

Navigating Innovation: Contextualising Research Value

• Dates: Apr 22–26 - 2024
• Director/teacher: Bettina Schwalm
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About the MSCA Doctoral Networks

The MSCA Doctoral networks support organisations in creating PhD programmes in networks across Europe and beyond with the aim of giving PhD students the opportunity to create new networks and obtain interdisciplinary experience and competences within academic disciplines and other fields of research.

CBS centre receives prestigious grant for research in energy flexibility and sustainable energy systems

Cbs researchers appointed as chairs with financial support from the cbs executive foundation.

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PhD Defense: Daniela Micu

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New generation of researchers to boost social innovation and entrepreneurship

The Department of Management, Society and Communication (MSC) at CBS has been awarded a grant to establish a new PhD network across Europe. The grant is part of the MSCA Doctoral Networks coordinating projects, which are funded by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie programme, one of EU’s most prestigious programmes.

How can we scale social companies?

The aim of the network is to train PhD students to find solutions for efficient scaling of social entrepreneurship. The programme aims to stimulate student creativity, improve their capacity for innovation and increase their job opportunities in the long term. Kai Hockerts, Professor at the Department of Management, Society and Communication, will coordinate the network. He is a professor of social entrepreneurship and does research on sustainability strategies for companies, social entrepreneurship and impact investments.

“I’m very honoured to have been granted this opportunity to establish a European network to advance research on the scalability of social companies. Moreover, it is great that we can train even more talented researchers,” says Kai Hockerts and elaborates on the significance of the project:

“The SEIZMIC project addresses a well-known challenge faced by social companies: their limited scalability, which hinders the dissemination of innovative solutions in society. The aim of the project is to develop a research framework that integrates knowledge from different fields of research and sectors. By combining expertise from entrepreneurship, finance, education and technology management, we strive to create a robust and innovative theoretical framework. This interdisciplinary approach will contribute to overcoming the current barriers and provide a new generation of researchers with the necessary competences to increase the scalability of social companies.”   

91 Social Entrepreneurship Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best social entrepreneurship topic ideas & essay examples, 📃 simple & easy social entrepreneurship essay titles, ⭐ interesting topics to write about social entrepreneurship, ❓ research questions about social entrepreneurship.

• Independent Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship, and Social Entrepreneurship This paper examines the similarities and differences of independent entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, and social entrepreneurship. When it comes to the process, intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship are similar in terms of value creation and undertaking risks.
• IKEA Company’s Social Entrepreneurship One of the potential benefits to IKEA for operating a joint partnership is that it serves to integrate the resources of the partnering business entities, which in turn results in production and cost efficiencies.
• Social and Eco-Entrepreneurship for Environment Social entrepreneurship is a field that deals with the recognition of social problems in society and using entrepreneurial concepts, operations, and processes to achieve a social change.
• Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change The positive externality theory assumes that the allocation of social entrepreneurship is largely for the benefit of the society and not targeted towards the profit analysis.
• The DopePlus Social Entrepreneurship Majeed and Hwang contended that the importance of data-driven decision-making will grow as the world continues to navigate the challenges of the unprecedented crisis.
• Sun Tzu’s Social Entrepreneurship and Organizational Performance Thus, one of the primary reasons to study competition in an attempt to gain a distinctive competence is to log all the successes and failures of the closest rivals.
• Social Entrepreneurship: Khan Academy Project In addition, in the context of the rapid growth of technology and lifestyle changes, entrepreneurship is also dynamically changing depending on the emerging opportunities and threats.
• Social Entrepreneurship Causing Change in Society Therefore, considering the stages of the social problem, it is argued that the appearance of social entrepreneurship belongs to the alternative stage when people attempt to bring change outside of the system.
• Aspects of Social Entrepreneurship Orientation The study conducted by Halberstadt et al.aimed to research the influence of social entrepreneurship orientation on the social entrepreneurial performance of startups and established firms.
• Social Entrepreneurship Definition Such a point of view allows social entrepreneurs to take more active control of the problem, especially if the effect of entrepreneurs trying to solve the problem is more detrimental than its absence.
• Essence and Examples of Social Entrepreneurship In this respect, Saudi social enterprises can contribute to Vision 2030 in the following way. Finally, it is possible for women to be leaders of social entrepreneurship in the Middle East.
• Social Entrepreneurship: Supporting Philanthropic Organizations The program attempts to provide a solution to the needy in underdeveloped countries. The program will be helpful to both the volunteer and the needy children.
• Social Entrepreneurship Propositions Impact on My Career Path Planning Summarizing all the sides and shades of the notion, it should be mentioned that the traits of a social entrepreneur would be useful in any kind of initiative.
• Tjanpi Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation Due to the fact that the aim of the social enterprise is to help the Aboriginal population remain in the locations, they have always lived in and preserve their unique culture, this proposal aims to […]
• Social Entrepreneurship: Al Radda Program for Prisoners The Al Radda program focuses on improving the welfare of prisoners and former prisoners by equipping them with valuable skills and resources that help them to engage in different economic activities.
• Social Entrepreneurship and Corporate Responsibility They evaluated the second half of the 20th century and came to the conclusion that high-growth environments presuppose the presence of structure and strategy.
• Freeplay Radio as a Social Entrepreneurship In the first place, one of the major difficulties was an increase in expenses and the rise of the production costs, as the target audience continued to emerge.
• Social Entrepreneurship Activity in Chautauqua County Social entrepreneurs who have these characteristics such as ethics and morality can be able to identify failed opportunities in the market and use their resources to revert the failed opportunities to successful ventures.
• Social Entrepreneurship Advancement in Chautauqua County We present social entrepreneur activities in Chautauqua County and focus on engagement strategies not-for-profit organizations should employ in solidifying their presence and improvement of the overall economic condition of the county.
• Social Entrepreneurship in the New York City The process of social entrepreneurship and its strategic goals for improving social welfare of the society harnesses a variety of capacities across different sectors which helps facilitate the initiation and maintenance of the activities.
• Social Entrepreneurship and Successful Entrepreneur To access it easily, one has to design the program in a way that compels the legions of imitators and replicators.
• Concept of Social Entrepreneurship in Modern Business Some of the factors that encouraged Gbowee to venture into the forums to fight for peace were triggered by the social injustices that used to happen.
• Social Entrepreneurship Ethical Issues Most social enterprises are geared towards uplifting the poor in society to earn a living that can give them a more decent lifestyle Economists define Bottom of the Pyramid as the lowest level of the […]
• Social entrepreneurship: What Everyone Needs to Know by Bornstein and Davis Social Entrepreneurship is Bornstein’s and Davis’ masterpiece that should interest anyone willing to create a social change in the society. Social entrepreneurship is all about creating a social change in the society.
• Taking Social Entrepreneurship Seriously The current social and environmental conditions in the world demand that the level of social entrepreneurship to be improved as it is yet to get to the desired level.
• Innovation and Profit Motivations for Social Entrepreneurship: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis
• Linking Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change: The Mediating Role of Empowerment
• Corporate Social Entrepreneurship Specific to Knowledge Economy With a Focus on the Romanian Economic Context
• Applying the Social Entrepreneurship Concept of Commerce
• Kicking off Social Entrepreneurship: How a Sustainability Orientation Influences Crowdfunding Success?
• Organizing for Commons-Enabling Decision-Making Under Conflicting Institutional Logics in Social Entrepreneurship
• Chao Guo and Wolfgang Bielefeld: Social Entrepreneurship
• Social Entrepreneurship Competencies of Managers in Social Entrepreneurship Organizations in the Healthcare Sector
• Entrepreneurship Innovation and Uncertainty of Social Entrepreneurship Commerce
• CSR and Social Entrepreneurship: The Role of the European Union
• ‘Changing the System’: Compensatory vs. Transformative Social Entrepreneurship
• The Effect of Social Entrepreneurship, Co-decision, and Co-creation on the Embrace of Good Sustainable Development Practices
• Cultural Leadership Ideals and Social Entrepreneurship: An International Study
• Setting the Stage for Paradigm Development: A ‘Small-Tent’ Approach to Social Entrepreneurship
• How Can Social Entrepreneurship Solve the Problems in New Zealand?
• Academic Leadership and Social Capital in Universities Through Social Entrepreneurship
• Responsible Management Education: Active Learning Approaches Emphasising Sustainability and Social Entrepreneurship
• Boosting Social Entrepreneurship and Social Enterprise Creation in the Republic of Serbia
• Bricolage, Effectuation and Causation Shifts Over Time in the Context of Social Entrepreneurship
• Collective Social Entrepreneurship: Collaboratively Shaping Social Good
• Inequality and Marginalisation: Social Innovation, Social Entrepreneurship, and Business Model Innovation
• Enabling the Original Intent: Catalysts for Social Entrepreneurship
• Organized Chaos: Mapping the Definitions of Social Entrepreneurship
• Social Entrepreneurship and Socio-Economic Development Analysis
• Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship in Tourism: A Potential for Local Business Development
• Indigenous Social Entrepreneurship: The Gumatj Clan Enterprise in East Arnhem Land
• Addressing Development Through Social Entrepreneurship
• Corporate Social Entrepreneurship vs. Social Intrapreneurship: Same Idea, Different Trajectories
• Building Social Capital for Social Entrepreneurship
• Navigating Challenging Fitness Landscapes: Social Entrepreneurship and the Competing Dimensions of Sustainability
• Where Design Thinking Meets Social Media and Creates Civic Engagement and Social Entrepreneurship?
• Connecting the Dots for Social Value: A Review on Social Networks and Social Entrepreneurship
• Measuring Social Entrepreneurship and Social Value With Leakage: Definition, Analysis, and Policies for the Hospitality Industry
• Counting Our Losses: Social Entrepreneurship, Refugees and Urban Transformation in Turkey
• Differences Between Social Entrepreneurship and Traditional Business
• Conceptualizing Social Entrepreneurship: Perspectives From the Literature
• Islamic Gift Economy Vis-à-Vis Waqf (Endowment) As Vehicles for Social Entrepreneurship
• Social Entrepreneurship From an Institutional Perspective
• Full Employment Through Social Entrepreneurship: The Nonprofit Model for Implementing a Job Guarantee
• Can Social Entrepreneurship Researchers Learn From Family Business Scholarship?
• What Is Social Entrepreneurship and Why Is It Important?
• What Are the Benefits of Social Entrepreneurship?
• What Is Social Entrepreneurship in Simple Words?
• What Are Examples of Social Enterprises?
• What Is Social Entrepreneurship Skills?
• What Are the Factors of Social Entrepreneurship?
• What Are the Challenges of Social Entrepreneurship?
• What Are the Risks of Social Entrepreneurship?
• What Are the Opportunities of Social Entrepreneurship?
• Who Is Best Example of Social Entrepreneurship?
• What Is the Vision of Social Entrepreneurship?
• How Do You Identify a Social Entrepreneurship?
• Do Social Entrepreneurship Make Money?
• Why Do Social Entrepreneurship Fail?
• What Are the Disadvantages of Social Entrepreneurship?
• How Can Social Entrepreneurship Change the World?
• What Is the Main Goal of Social Entrepreneurship?
• How Do Social Entrepreneurship Help the Community?
• What Does Social Entrepreneurship Focus On?
• How Do Social Entrepreneurs Identify Opportunities?
• Can Social Entrepreneurship Survive Without Profit?
• What Are the Challenges Social Entrepreneurs Are Facing?
• How Can Social Entrepreneurs Become Successful?
• Can Social Entrepreneurship Solve Social Problems?
• How Does Social Entrepreneur Create Value?
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What We Get Wrong about the Effects of Population Growth

New research co-authored by Professor Jason Dana finds that people over-focus on increased consumption without considering the positive effects of increased production.

• Jason Dana Associate Professor of Management and Marketing

When Yale SOM’s Jason Dana asks people to think about a consumer good that has gotten more affordable over time—say, televisions—they are confident they understand why: the underlying technology has improved and production is more efficient, so the product has come down in cost.

But when he asks them whether in general real costs—defined as the amount of work required to purchase individual items—have gone up or down over time, they almost always respond incorrectly, maintaining with just as much confidence that costs are on the rise. (Nominal prices, tied to inflation, are distinct from real costs and do generally rise over time.)

In new research, Dana, his former Yale SOM colleague George E. Newman, now of the University of Toronto; and Yale SOM PhD graduate Guy Voichek, a faculty member at Imperial College London, offer a label for this kind of thinking: “efficiency neglect.” Through several experiments, they show that, when thinking about population growth, people focus on increased demand, failing to consider the increased productivity that typically comes along with it. These beliefs are relatively benign at the individual level—our personal finance decisions don’t usually affect people outside our home or family —but can have downstream effects on society at large. For instance, Dana points out, people who don’t consider the benefits of population growth may support politicians who favor protectionist trade policies or limits on immigration.

“You can live your own individual life pretty well without understanding economics,” Dana explains. “But that lack of understanding probably does lead us to favor sometimes harmful or wasteful economic policies because the stuff that’s intuitive to us is not necessarily correct.”

The paper follows a bigger-picture analysis of lay economic reasoning that Dana and another coauthor published in January . In that research, Dana argues that non-economists’ understanding of markets and economic activity is understudied to the detriment of the consumer psychology field.

“Economists don’t tend to care very much, and psychologists tend not to know a lot about economics,” he says. “My work has always been kind of at the nexus of those two things.”

The belief that resources cannot keep up with demand—called depletionism—is not new. The authors point out that Plato predicted that a city-state might need to kick people out if its population grew past 5,040 households; in 1980, the biologist Paul Ehrlich famously lost a bet with the economist Julian Simon that the cost of several natural resources—including copper—would increase over the next decade.

“Because copper was used in plumbing, and all these people from developing countries were building houses, he thought, ‘Where is all this copper going to come from?’” Dana says. “But we can laugh at that now. We simply came up with a substitute.”

For the new paper, the researchers examined Americans’ views on costs over time and on how population growth would affect goods in a hypothetical thriving nation, and whether prompting people to think about production efficiencies mitigated their depletionist views, among other questions.

They found that prompting people to think about efficiency gains did counter depletionist thinking but not for everyone. When told to consider that more people can lead to more workers, more innovative ideas, and more incentives to improve technology, 27% of respondents thought goods in the hypothetical nation would be more abundant in the future, up from 6% without the prompt. The jump is significant, but future abundance is still a minority belief.

“If it were easy to shed these ideas, they would have been shed already,” Dana says.

Dana, who is currently studying people’s understanding of inflation, says he hopes the research will prompt further inquiries into lay economic beliefs, especially among marketing and consumer research scholars. As a Yale Center for Customer Insights blog post about his January paper points out, such research is “essential to understanding consumer psychology—why people act the way they do in market exchanges.” But it also may be essential to a more productive world, helping policymakers understand how to influence people’s understanding of bigger economic questions involving trade and immigration.

Dana finds the work fascinating.

“I really like talking about lay economics,” he says. “I know how economists think, and I am also acutely aware that people don’t think like economists.”

Technology Entrepreneurship: Lab to Market

Explore how entrepreneurs move technology from lab to market..

Taught by Harvard Business School faculty, this course teaches a systematic process for technology commercialization to bring innovations to the world.

What You'll Learn

Universities, government labs, and private companies invest billions of dollars in the research and development of breakthrough technologies that have the potential to transform industries and lives—but very few of these technologies ever leave the lab. Those that do often fail to find compelling market applications. So what determines success? How does an invention become an enduring innovation?

In this introductory course, developed in collaboration with the Laboratory for Innovation Science at Harvard and the University of California San Diego, you’ll explore how entrepreneurs match promising technology with customer needs to launch successful new businesses. Using real-world examples, you’ll apply critical thinking to commercialize technologies, and you’ll learn about the venture creation process from founders, funders, and industry experts.

The course will be delivered via edX and connect learners around the world. By the end of the course, participants will be able to:

• Develop a systematic approach to technology entrepreneurship
• Generate new use scenarios by matching customer needs with promising technology seeds
• Align business and operating models
• Evaluate a technology for readiness and market fit
• Position opportunities to secure funding

Your Instructors

Karim R. Lakhani is a Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School and one of the Principal Investigators of the Laboratory for Innovation Science at Harvard (LISH). He specializes in the management of technological innovation in firms and communities. His research is on distributed innovation systems and the movement of innovative activity to the edges of organizations and into communities. He has extensively studied the emergence of open source software communities and their unique innovation and product development strategies.

He has also investigated how critical knowledge from outside of the organization can be accessed through innovation contests. Currently, Professor Lakhani is investigating incentives and behavior in contests and the mechanisms behind scientific team formation through field experiments on the Topcoder platform and the Harvard Medical School. Professor Lakhani’s research on distributed innovation has been published in Harvard Business Review, Innovations, Management Science, Nature Biotechnology, Organization Science, Research Policy and the Sloan Management Review.

He is the co-editor of Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software (MIT Press), a book on community-based innovation. He has also published teaching cases on leading organizations practicing distributed innovation including: Data.gov, InnoCentive, Google, Myelin Repair Foundation, SAP, Threadless, TopCoder and Wikipedia. His research has been featured in publications like BusinessWeek, The Boston Globe, The Economist, Fast Company, Inc., The New York Times, The New York Academy of Sciences Magazine, Science, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and Wired. Professor Lakhani was awarded his PhD in management from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He also holds an MS degree in Technology and Policy from MIT, and a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering and Management from McMaster University in Canada.

He was a recipient of the Aga Khan Foundation International Scholarship and a four year doctoral fellowship from Canada's Social Science and Humanities Research Council. Prior to coming to HBS he served as a Lecturer in the Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship group at MIT’s Sloan School of Management. Professor Lakhani has also worked in sales, marketing and new product development roles at GE Healthcare and was a consultant with The Boston Consulting Group. He was also the inaugural recipient of the TUM-Peter Pribilla Innovation Leadership Award.

Professor Vish Krishnan is an accomplished scholar and world-renowned consultant who has worked with the senior leadership at companies such as Nissan, Zeiss, Amylin Pharma, Motorola, and Sony on organizational, cultural, and digital transformation. He is currently Chaired Professor at the University of California, San Diego’s Rady School of Management and a faculty affiliate at the Harvard Business School. Vish Krishnan received his doctorate degree in engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and has co-authored some of the most cited articles on the topics of innovation and product development/management.

He has also been asked to serve in editorial roles of prestigious management journals. His work with Dell Computer and other companies has been documented as a Harvard Business School case study and taught at a number of top universities. His work with 3M resulted in an appearance on the front page of the Wall Street Journal. Professor Krishnan worked with Nissan and Sony on the transformation and growth of their international businesses, including India and South Asia. Dr. Krishnan is the winner of several major teaching and research awards including the Most Valuable Professor award.

Ways to take this course

When you enroll in this course, you will have the option of pursuing a Verified Certificate or Auditing the Course.

A Verified Certificate costs $149 and provides unlimited access to full course materials, activities, tests, and forums. At the end of the course, learners who earn a passing grade can receive a certificate. 

Alternatively, learners can Audit the course for free and have access to select course material, activities, tests, and forums.  Please note that this track does not offer a certificate for learners who earn a passing grade.

Related Courses

Open innovation.

Open innovation is a strategy that suggests the best ideas, solutions, and people necessary to solve your organization’s difficult problems may come from outside your company entirely.

Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies

Learn about prior attempts to address social problems, identify points of opportunity for smart entrepreneurial efforts, and propose and develop your own creative solutions.

Digital Health

Digital technologies and big data offer tremendous opportunities to improve health care.

Suggestions or feedback?

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MIT Corporation elects 10 term members, two life members

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The MIT Corporation — the Institute’s board of trustees — has elected 10 full-term members, who will serve one-, two-, or five-year terms, and two life members. Corporation Chair Mark P. Gorenberg ’76 announced the election results today.

The full-term members are: Nancy C. Andrews, Dedric A. Carter, David Fialkow, Bennett W. Golub, Temitope O. Lawani, Michael C. Mountz, Anna Waldman-Brown, R. Robert Wickham, Jeannette M. Wing, and Anita Wu. The two life members are: R. Erich Caulfield and David M. Siegel. Gorenberg was also reelected as Corporation chair.

Natalie Lorenz-Anderson '84, the 2024-2025 president of the Association of Alumni and Alumnae of MIT, will also join the Corporation as an ex officio member. She succeeds R. Robert Wickham ’93, SM ’95.

As of July 1, the Corporation will consist of 80 distinguished leaders in education, science, engineering, and industry. Of those, 24 are life members and eight are ex officio . An additional 25 individuals are life members emeritus.

The 10 new term members are:

Nancy C. Andrews PhD ’85 , executive vice president and chief scientific officer, Boston Children’s Hospital

Andrews is a biologist and physician noted for her research on iron diseases and her roles in academic administration. She currently serves as executive vice president and chief scientific officer at the Boston Children’s Hospital and professor of pediatrics in residence at Harvard Medical School. She previously served for a decade as the first female dean of the Duke University School of Medicine. After graduating from medical school, she completed residency and fellowship at BCH, joining the faculty at Harvard as an assistant professor in 1993. From 1999 to 2003, Andrews served as director of the Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology MD-PhD program, and then was appointed professor of pediatrics and dean for basic sciences and graduate studies at Harvard Medical School. Andrews currently serves on the boards of directors of Novartis, Charles River Laboratories, and Maze Therapeutics.

Dedric A. Carter ’98, MEng ’99, MBA ’14 , chief innovation officer, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Carter currently serves as the vice chancellor for innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic development and chief innovation officer at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has cabinet-level responsibility for the entrepreneurship, innovation, economic development, and commercialization portfolios at the university through Innovate Carolina and the Innovate Carolina Junction, a new hub for catalyzing innovation and accelerating entrepreneurial invention located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, among other oversight and engagement roles. Prior to his appointment, he was the vice chancellor for innovation and chief commercialization officer at Washington University in St. Louis. Before that, he served as the senior advisor for strategic initiatives in the Office of the Director at the U.S. National Science Foundation, in addition to serving as the executive secretary to the U.S. National Science Board executive committee.

David Fialkow , co-founder and managing director, General Catalyst Partners

Fialkow currently serves as managing director of General Catalyst Partners, a venture capital firm that makes early-stage and transformational investments in technology and consumer companies. His areas of focus include financial services, digital health, artificial intelligence, and data analytics. With business partner Joel Cutler, Fialkow built and sold several companies prior to founding General Catalyst Partners in 2000. Early in his career, he worked for the investment firm Thomas H. Lee Company and the venture capital firm U.S. Venture Partners. Fialkow studied film at Colgate University and continues to produce documentaries with his wife, Nina, focused on health care and social justice.

Bennett W. Golub ’79, SM ’82, PhD ’84 , co-founder and senior policy advisor, BlackRock

In 1988, Golub was one of eight people to start BlackRock, Inc., a global asset management company. In March of 2022, he stepped down from his day-to-day activities at the company to assume a part-time role of senior policy advisor. Formerly, he served as chief risk officer with responsibilities that included investment, counterparty, technology, and operational risk, and he chaired BlackRock’s Enterprise Risk Management Committee. Beginning in 1995, he was co-head and founder of BlackRock Solutions, the company’s risk advisory business. He also served as the acting CEO of Trepp, LLC. a former BlackRock affiliate that pioneered the creation and distribution of data and models for collateralized commercial-backed securities, beginning in 1996. Prior to the founding of BlackRock, Golub served as vice president at The First Boston Corporation (now Credit Suisse).

Temitope O. Lawani ’91 , co-founder, Helios Investment Partners, LLP

Lawani, a Nigerian national, is the co-founder and managing partner of Helios Investment Partners, LLP, an Africa-focused private investment firm based in London. He also serves as co-CEO of Helios Fairfax Partners, an investment holding company. Prior to forming Helios in 2004, Lawani was a principal at the San Francisco and London offices of TPG Capital, a global private investment firm. Before that, he worked as a mergers and acquisitions and corporate development analyst at the Walt Disney Company. Lawani serves on the boards of Helios Towers, Pershing Square Holdings, and NBA Africa. He is also a director of the Global Private Capital Association and The END Fund, and has served on the boards of several public and private companies across various sectors.

Michael C. Mountz ’87 , principal, Kacchip LLC

Michael “Mick” Mountz is a logistics industry entrepreneur and technologist known for inventing the mobile robotic order fulfillment approach now in widespread use across the material handling industry. In 2003, Mountz, along with MIT classmate Peter Wurman ’87 and Raffaelo D'Andrea co-founded Kiva Systems, Inc., a manufacturer of this mobile robotic fulfillment system. After Kiva, Mountz established Kacchip LLC, a technology incubator and investment entity to support local founders and startups, where Mountz currently serves as principal. Before founding Kiva, Mountz served as a director of business process and logistics at online grocery delivery company Webvan, and before that he served as a product marketing manager for Apple Computer working on the launch of the G3 and G4 series Macintosh desktops. Mountz holds over 40 U.S. technology patents and was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2022.

Anna Waldman-Brown ’11, SM ’18, PhD ’23

Through her work with the Fab Lab network, which spun off from the MIT Center for Bits and Atoms, Waldman-Brown has worked with international policymakers and grassroots innovators across more than 60 countries to foster creative problem-solving and sustainable development. She helped build up and connect fab labs across dozens of countries, co-organized two week-long fab lab conferences and developed the ongoing Fab Festival, curated open-source development of an early Maker Map and several lists of academic articles related to the Maker Movement, and finalized an official collaboration with Autodesk and the international Fab Lab network. In addition to providing informal mentorship and support for students across the Institute, Waldman-Brown became involved in the burgeoning MIT Grad Student Union (GSU)/UE Local 256 around 2019 to advocate for practical solutions to improving graduate student life and health and safety. Her current work as an industrial strategy policy analyst is through the Made in America Office, which is part of the Executive Office of the President’s Office of Management and Budget.

R. Robert Wickham ’93, SM ’95 , president, MIT Alumni Association

Skilled in building go-to-market teams, strategic planning, operational management, and delivering results, Wickham has held leadership roles at Salesforce and Oracle, and gained foundational experiences in management consulting and entrepreneurship. As the former general manager of Tableau Asia Pacific, a Salesforce business unit, Wickham spearheaded significant growth initiatives. He also served as chief of staff for Asia Pacific and led specialized teams in Platform and Emerging Technologies, which included pivotal technologies such as the Lightning Platform and Einstein Analytics, and drove the launch of Salesforce’s $50M Australian venture fund and its regional program for startups. Before joining Salesforce, Wickham led Oracle’s Engineered Systems business across Australia and New Zealand, and the System Management business in North America. He joined Oracle through its acquisition of Empirix Web Division, where he ran sales for North America.

Jeannette M. Wing ’78, SM ’79, PhD ’83 , executive vice president for research, Columbia University

Wing is the executive vice president for research and professor of computer science at Columbia University, and previously served as Avanessians Director of the Data Science Institute. Wing’s current research interests are in trustworthy AI, and her areas of research expertise include security and privacy, formal methods, programming languages, and distributed and concurrent systems. Prior to Columbia, Wing worked at Microsoft, where she served as corporate vice president of Microsoft Research, overseeing research labs worldwide. Before joining Microsoft, she was on the faculty at Carnegie Mellon University, where she was the head of the Department of Computer Science and associate dean for academic affairs of the School of Computer Science. During a leave from Carnegie Mellon, she served at the National Science Foundation as assistant director of the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate.

Anita Wu MBA ’16 , partner, AlixPartners

Wu is a partner in the retail practice at AlixPartners, a global consultancy specializing in management advisory, business performance improvement, and corporate turnarounds. Outside of client services, she is the global leader for AlixPartners’ Women’s Empowerment Network. Prior to moving to the U.S. for MIT, Wu led smart cities design in Sydney, Australia, and implemented various initiatives that improved commuter usage of public transportation. She has also previously led the operations for a nonprofit, Light the Way, where she fundraised and delivered education curriculum and microfinancing programs for farming villages in Nepal. She currently resides in New York City.

The two life members are:

David M. Siegel SM ’86, PhD ’91 , co-founder and co-chairman, Two Sigma

Siegel is a computer scientist, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Before co-founding the financial sciences company Two Sigma, he was chief technology officer and managing director at Tudor Investment Corporation. Prior to that, he was a senior leader at D.E. Shaw, where he ultimately rose to be the firm’s first chief information officer. Siegel is currently an active investor and advisor, and serves as a board member for Re:Build Manufacturing, a family of industrial businesses. He is co-founder of the Scratch Foundation, with MIT Professor Mitchel Resnick ’88. He founded the Siegel Family Endowment in 2011 to support organizations and leaders that will understand and shape the impact of technology on society, and as the organization’s chairman devotes significant time and energy to actively engaging with this work.

R. Erich Caulfield SM ’01, PhD ’06 , founder and president, The Caulfield Consulting Group

Since 2013, Caulfield has served as the founder and president of The Caulfield Consulting Group, a management consulting firm that specializes in improving organizations’ performance through strategic and operational support. Between 2011 and 2013, he was the New Orleans federal team lead for the White House’s Strong Cities, Strong Communities (SC2) Initiative and, from 2010 to 2011, was a White House Fellow at the Domestic Policy Council. Between 2008 and 2010, Caulfield served as chief policy advisor to Newark, New Jersey, Mayor Cory Booker. Before entering government service, Caulfield worked in management consulting as an associate at McKinsey and Company, focusing on process design and public sector-related projects. Caulfield is also a member of the board of directors for the New Orleans Business Alliance.

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New machine learning method can better predict spine surgery outcomes

Researchers who had been using Fitbit data to help predict surgical outcomes have a new method to more accurately gauge how patients may recover from spine surgery.

Using machine-learning techniques developed at the AI for Health Institute at Washington University in St. Louis,  Chenyang Lu, the Fullgraf Professor at the university’s McKelvey School of Engineering, collaborated with Jacob Greenberg, MD, an assistant professor of neurosurgery at the School of Medicine, to develop a way to more accurately predict recovery from lumbar spine surgery.

The results, published this month in the journal Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, show that their model outperforms previous models to predict spine surgery outcomes. This is important because in lower back surgery and many other types of orthopedic operations, outcomes vary widely depending on the patient’s structural disease but also on varying physical and mental health characteristics across patients.

Surgical recovery is influenced by both physical and mental health before the operation. Some people may have excessive worry in the face of pain that can make pain and recovery worse. Others may suffer from physiological problems that worsen pain. If physicians can get a heads-up on the various pitfalls a patient faces, they can better tailor treatment plans.

“By predicting the outcomes before the surgery, we can help establish some expectations and help with early interventions and identify high risk factors,” said Ziqi Xu , a PhD student in Lu’s lab and first author on the paper.

Previous work in predicting surgery outcomes typically used patient questionnaires given once or twice in clinics, capturing a static slice of time.

“It failed to capture the long-term dynamics of physical and psychological patterns of the patients,” Xu said. Prior work training machine-learning algorithms focused on just one aspect of surgery outcome “but ignored the inherent multidimensional nature of surgery recovery,” she added.

Getting a ‘big picture’ view

Researchers have used mobile health data from Fitbit devices to monitor and measure recovery and compare activity levels over time. But this research has shown that activity data, plus longitudinal assessment data, is more accurate in predicting how the patient will do after surgery, Greenberg said.

The current work offers a “proof of principle” showing that, with multimodal machine learning, doctors can see a more accurate “big picture” of the interrelated factors that affect recovery. Before beginning this work, the team first laid out the statistical methods and protocol to ensure they were feeding the artificial intelligence system the right balanced diet of data.

Previously, the team had published work in the journal Neurosurgery showing for the first time that patient-reported and objective wearable measurements improve predictions of early recovery compared to traditional patient assessments. In addition to Greenberg and Xu, Madelynn Frumkin, a PhD student studying psychological and brain sciences in Thomas Rodebaugh’s laboratory in Arts & Sciences, was co-first author on that work. Wilson “Zack” Ray, MD, the Henry G. and Edith R. Schwartz Professor of neurosurgery at the School of Medicine, was co-senior author, along with Rodebaugh and Lu. Rodebaugh is now at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 

In that research, they show that Fitbit data can be correlated with multiple surveys that assess a person’s social and emotional state. They collected that data via “ecological momentary assessments” (EMAs) that employ smartphones to give patients frequent prompts to assess mood, pain levels and behavior multiple times throughout day.

“We combine wearables, EMA and clinical records to capture a broad range of information about the patients, from physical activities to subjective reports of pain and mental health, and to clinical characteristics,” Lu said.

Greenberg added that state-of-the-art statistical tools that Rodebaugh and Frumkin have helped advance, such as “Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling,” were key in analyzing the complex, longitudinal EMA data.

Aim to improve long-term outcomes

For the most recent study, they took all those factors and developed a new machine-learning technique of “Multi-Modal Multi-Task Learning” to effectively combine these different types of data to predict multiple recovery outcomes.

In this approach, the AI learns to weigh the relatedness among the outcomes while capturing their differences from the multimodal data, Lu added.

This method takes shared information on interrelated tasks of predicting different outcomes  and then leverages the shared information to help the model understand how to make an accurate prediction, according to Xu.

It all comes together in the final package, producing a predicted change for each patient’s post-operative pain interference and physical function score.

Greenberg said the study is ongoing as the researchers continue to fine-tune their models so they can take more detailed assessments, predict outcomes and, most notably, “understand what types of factors can potentially be modified to improve longer-term outcomes.”

Xu Z, Zhang J, Greenberg JK, Frumkin M, Javeed S,  Zhang JK, Benedict B, Botterbush K,  Rodebaugh TL, Ray WZ, Lu C. 2024. Predicting Multi-dimensional Surgical Outcomes with Multi-modal Mobile Sensing: A Case Study with Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 8, 2, Article 81 (May 2024) https://doi.org/10.1145/3659628

Greenberg JK, Frumkin M, Xu Z, Zhang J, Javeed S, Zhang JK, Benedict B, Botterbush K, Yakdan S, Molina CA, Pennicooke BH, Hafez D, Ogunlade JI, Pallotta N, Gupta MC, Buchowski JM, Neuman B, Steinmetz M, Ghogawala Z, Kelly MP, Goodin BR, Piccirillo JF, Rodebaugh TL, Lu C, Ray WZ. Preoperative Mobile Health Data Improve Predictions of Recovery From Lumbar Spine Surgery. Neurosurgery. 2024 Mar 29. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002911

This study was funded by grants from AO Spine North America, the Cervical Spine Research Society, the Scoliosis Research Society, the Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University/BJC Healthcare Big Ideas Competition, the Fullgraf Foundation, and the National Institute of Mental Health (1F31MH124291-01A).

Comments and respectful dialogue are encouraged, but content will be moderated. Please, no personal attacks, obscenity or profanity, selling of commercial products, or endorsements of political candidates or positions. We reserve the right to remove any inappropriate comments. We also cannot address individual medical concerns or provide medical advice in this forum.

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EDHEC PhD in Finance- 2024/2025 elective courses revealed

New topics for elective courses have been consistently added to the EDHEC PhD in Finance programme curriculum since its inception. The programme management balances methodological electives with conceptual ones to help students stay informed about ongoing research debates and cutting edge research methodologies. 

Participants are required to take a minimum of five elective seminars during their second and third years. PhD in Finance candidates will have the privilege of learning from world’s leading specialists in these areas from top research institutions such as Chicago GSB, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Columbia University, Duke University, Imperial College, Princeton University or Yale University.

In 2022-2023, the following topics were covered: Private Equity, Asset Pricing and Monetary Policy, Production-based Asset Pricing, Spectral Asset Pricing, and Models and Methods in Macro-Finance.

The next topics are unveiled below: 

Access the programme curriculum, and the list of past and upcoming research seminars here . 

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