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Term Paper – Format, Examples and Writing Guide

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A term paper is a critical academic writing assignment typically required at the end of a semester. It allows students to demonstrate their knowledge, research skills, and critical thinking abilities on a specific topic covered during the course. This guide will walk you through the basics of term paper formatting, provide examples, and give tips to help you write a compelling paper that meets academic standards.

A term paper is an analytical or interpretative report written on a specific topic, representing a student’s achievement over an academic term. It’s different from a research paper in that it often reflects the knowledge gained during a semester, focusing on course-related topics.

A well-written term paper involves thorough research, detailed analysis, and clear arguments. It should reflect the writer’s understanding of the topic, supported by evidence from credible sources. Typically, term papers contribute significantly to the final grade in a course.

Key Components of a Term Paper

A term paper generally follows a standardized structure that includes the following sections:

• Title Page The title page includes the title of the paper, the student’s name, course name, instructor’s name, and date. A well-designed title page gives a formal start to the term paper and sets a professional tone.
• Abstract The abstract is a concise summary (usually 150-250 words) of the term paper, covering the main points and objectives. It helps readers understand the paper’s purpose without reading the entire document.
• Introduction The introduction outlines the topic, research question, and the thesis statement. It also sets the context for the research, explaining why the topic is relevant and important.
• Literature Review This section summarizes existing research on the topic, highlighting relevant theories, frameworks, or models. A literature review shows that the writer has explored various perspectives and supports the need for their research.
• Methodology The methodology section describes the research approach, tools, or techniques used to gather and analyze data. Depending on the subject, it may involve surveys, experiments, or other research methods.
• Body/Analysis The main body provides an in-depth analysis, presenting arguments supported by evidence. Each paragraph should contain a topic sentence and relevant data or examples that relate to the thesis statement.
• Results Here, the results of the research or analysis are summarized. This section may include tables, graphs, or other visual elements to illustrate findings.
• Discussion In the discussion, the writer interprets the results and explains their implications, linking back to the thesis and literature review. This is where you highlight the significance of your findings.
• Conclusion The conclusion wraps up the paper, restating the thesis and summarizing key findings. It may also suggest areas for further research.
• References/Bibliography A complete list of all sources cited in the paper, formatted according to a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, or Chicago). Using credible sources adds legitimacy to the research and allows others to explore further.

Formatting Your Term Paper

The formatting requirements for a term paper can vary by institution, but the following are common guidelines:

• Font : Use a legible font, typically Times New Roman or Arial, size 12.
• Margins : Set margins to 1 inch on all sides.
• Spacing : Double-spacing is standard, but follow your instructor’s guidelines.
• Page Numbers : Number pages consecutively, usually in the top right corner.
• Citation Style : Use a consistent citation style (APA, MLA, or Chicago) as specified by your instructor.

Example of a Term Paper Topic and Outline

Sample Topic : “The Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems”

• Overview of climate change and its impact on ecosystems
• Research question and thesis statement
• Summary of previous research on climate change’s impact on coastal areas
• Key studies and findings
• Data sources, analysis tools, and methodology for studying coastal changes
• Effects of rising temperatures on marine biodiversity
• Impact of sea-level rise on coastal habitats
• Visual representation of changes in coastal ecosystems over time
• Interpretation of findings in relation to the literature
• Summary of the research and implications for conservation efforts

Tips for Writing an Effective Term Paper

• Choose a Manageable Topic Select a topic that is specific and narrow enough to be thoroughly explored within the constraints of the paper.
• Conduct Thorough Research Use reliable sources, such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites. Take detailed notes to organize the information you collect.
• Create an Outline An outline can help you structure your paper logically, ensuring each section flows smoothly into the next.
• Draft and Revise Begin with a rough draft, focusing on getting your ideas down. Once the draft is complete, revise for clarity, coherence, and grammar.
• Proofread Carefully Proofread your final draft multiple times to catch any errors or inconsistencies. Consider having someone else review it as well.
• Greetham, B. (2008). How to Write Better Essays . London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Lester, J. D., & Lester, J. D. Jr. (2011). Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide . New York: Pearson.
• Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL). (n.d.). General Format . Purdue University. Retrieved from https://owl.purdue.edu/
• University of Chicago Press. (2017). The Chicago Manual of Style . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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Everything You Need to Know to Write an A+ Term Paper

Last Updated: March 4, 2024 Fact Checked

Researching & Outlining

• Drafting Your Paper
• Revising Your Paper

Sample Term Papers

Expert q&a.

This article was co-authored by Matthew Snipp, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Raven Minyard, BA . C. Matthew Snipp is the Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He is also the Director for the Institute for Research in the Social Science’s Secure Data Center. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published 3 books and over 70 articles and book chapters on demography, economic development, poverty and unemployment. He is also currently serving on the National Institute of Child Health and Development’s Population Science Subcommittee. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. There are 13 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 2,255,053 times.

A term paper is a written assignment given to students at the end of a course to gauge their understanding of the material. Term papers typically count for a good percentage of your overall grade, so of course, you’ll want to write the best paper possible. Luckily, we’ve got you covered. In this article, we’ll teach you everything you need to know to write an A+ term paper, from researching and outlining to drafting and revising.

Quick Steps to Write a Term Paper

• Hook your readers with an interesting and informative intro paragraph. State your thesis and your main points.
• Support your thesis by providing quotes and evidence that back your claim in your body paragraphs.
• Summarize your main points and leave your readers with a thought-provoking question in your conclusion.

• Think of your term paper as the bridge between what you’ve learned in class and how you apply that knowledge to real-world topics.
• For example, a history term paper may require you to explore the consequences of a significant historical event, like the Civil War. An environmental science class, on the other hand, may have you examine the effects of climate change on a certain region.
• Your guidelines should tell you the paper’s word count and formatting style, like whether to use in-text citations or footnotes and whether to use single- or double-spacing. If these things aren’t specified, be sure to reach out to your instructor.

• Make sure your topic isn’t too broad. For example, if you want to write about Shakespeare’s work, first narrow it down to a specific play, like Macbeth , then choose something even more specific like Lady Macbeth’s role in the plot.
• If the topic is already chosen for you, explore unique angles that can set your content and information apart from the more obvious approaches many others will probably take. [3] X Research source
• Try not to have a specific outcome in mind, as this will close you off to new ideas and avenues of thinking. Rather than trying to mold your research to fit your desired outcome, allow the outcome to reflect a genuine analysis of the discoveries you made. Ask yourself questions throughout the process and be open to having your beliefs challenged.
• Reading other people's comments, opinions, and entries on a topic can often help you to refine your own, especially where they comment that "further research" is required or where they posit challenging questions but leave them unanswered.

• For example, if you’re writing a term paper about Macbeth , your primary source would be the play itself. Then, look for other research papers and analyses written by academics and scholars to understand how they interpret the text.

• For example, if you’re writing a paper about Lady Macbeth, your thesis could be something like “Shakespeare’s characterization of Lady Macbeth reveals how desire for power can control someone’s life.”
• Remember, your research and thesis development doesn’t stop here. As you continue working through both the research and writing, you may want to make changes that align with the ideas forming in your mind and the discoveries you continue to unearth.
• On the other hand, don’t keep looking for new ideas and angles for fear of feeling confined. At some point, you’re going to have to say enough is enough and make your point. You may have other opportunities to explore these questions in future studies, but for now, remember your term paper has a finite word length and an approaching due date!

• Abstract: An abstract is a concise summary of your paper that informs readers of your topic, its significance, and the key points you’ll explore. It must stand on its own and make sense without referencing outside sources or your actual paper.
• Introduction: The introduction establishes the main idea of your paper and directly states the thesis. Begin your introduction with an attention-grabbing sentence to intrigue your readers, and provide any necessary background information to establish your paper’s purpose and direction.
• Body paragraphs: Each body paragraph focuses on a different argument supporting your thesis. List specific evidence from your sources to back up your arguments. Provide detailed information about your topic to enhance your readers’ understanding. In your outline, write down the main ideas for each body paragraph and any outstanding questions or points you’re not yet sure about.
• Results: Depending on the type of term paper you’re writing, your results may be incorporated into your body paragraphs or conclusion. These are the insights that your research led you to. Here you can discuss how your perspective and understanding of your topic shifted throughout your writing process.
• Conclusion: Your conclusion summarizes your argument and findings. You may restate your thesis and major points as you wrap up your paper.

Drafting Your Term Paper

• Writing an introduction can be challenging, but don’t get too caught up on it. As you write the rest of your paper, your arguments might change and develop, so you’ll likely need to rewrite your intro at the end, anyway. Writing your intro is simply a means of getting started and you can always revise it later. [10] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
• Be sure to define any words your readers might not understand. For example, words like “globalization” have many different meanings depending on context, and it’s important to state which ones you’ll be using as part of your introductory paragraph.

• Try to relate the subject of the essay (say, Plato’s Symposium ) to a tangentially related issue you happen to know something about (say, the growing trend of free-wheeling hookups in frat parties). Slowly bring the paragraph around to your actual subject and make a few generalizations about why this aspect of the book/subject is so fascinating and worthy of study (such as how different the expectations for physical intimacy were then compared to now).

• You can also reflect on your own experience of researching and writing your term paper. Discuss how your understanding of your topic evolved and any unexpected findings you came across.

• While peppering quotes throughout your text is a good way to help make your point, don’t overdo it. If you use too many quotes, you’re basically allowing other authors to make the point and write the paper for you. When you do use a quote, be sure to explain why it is relevant in your own words.
• Try to sort out your bibliography at the beginning of your writing process to avoid having a last-minute scramble. When you have all the information beforehand (like the source’s title, author, publication date, etc.), it’s easier to plug them into the correct format.

Revising & Finalizing Your Term Paper

• Trade in weak “to-be” verbs for stronger “action” verbs. For example: “I was writing my term paper” becomes “I wrote my term paper.”

• It’s extremely important to proofread your term paper. If your writing is full of mistakes, your instructor will assume you didn’t put much effort into your paper. If you have too many errors, your message will be lost in the confusion of trying to understand what you’ve written.

• If you add or change information to make things clearer for your readers, it’s a good idea to look over your paper one more time to catch any new typos that may have come up in the process.

• The best essays are like grass court tennis—the argument should flow in a "rally" style, building persuasively to the conclusion. Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 0
• If you get stuck, consider giving your professor a visit. Whether you're still struggling for a thesis or you want to go over your conclusion, most instructors are delighted to help and they'll remember your initiative when grading time rolls around. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 1
• At least 2 hours for 3-5 pages.
• At least 4 hours for 8-10 pages.
• At least 6 hours for 12-15 pages.
• Double those hours if you haven't done any homework and you haven't attended class.
• For papers that are primarily research-based, add about two hours to those times (although you'll need to know how to research quickly and effectively, beyond the purview of this brief guide).

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• ↑ https://www.binghamton.edu/counseling/self-help/term-paper.html
• ↑ Matthew Snipp, PhD. Research Fellow, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Expert Interview. 26 March 2020.
• ↑ https://emory.libanswers.com/faq/44525
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/planresearchpaper/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/thesis_statement_tips.html
• ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/outline
• ↑ https://gallaudet.edu/student-success/tutorial-center/english-center/writing/guide-to-writing-introductions-and-conclusions/
• ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26731827
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/writing-an-abstract-for-your-research-paper/
• ↑ https://www.ivcc.edu/stylesite/Essay_Title.pdf
• ↑ https://www.uni-flensburg.de/fileadmin/content/institute/anglistik/dokumente/downloads/how-to-write-a-term-paper-daewes.pdf
• ↑ https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185937
• ↑ https://www.cornerstone.edu/blog-post/six-steps-to-really-edit-your-paper/

About This Article

If you need to write a term paper, choose your topic, then start researching that topic. Use your research to craft a thesis statement which states the main idea of your paper, then organize all of your facts into an outline that supports your thesis. Once you start writing, state your thesis in the first paragraph, then use the body of the paper to present the points that support your argument. End the paper with a strong conclusion that restates your thesis. For tips on improving your term paper through active voice, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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