past homework in spanish

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I Did My Homework in Spanish

1. To say “I did my homework” in Spanish, you can use the phrase “Hice mi tarea”. 2. “Hice” is the past tense conjugation of the verb “hacer” which means “to do” or “to make”. 3. “Mi tarea” means “my homework”. 4. So, “Hice mi tarea” is a simple and common way to express that you completed your homework in Spanish.

Achieving Academic Success: Completing Homework in Spanish

Completing homework assignments is an essential part of academic success. It demonstrates responsibility, reinforces learning, and helps students develop valuable skills. If you want to express that you have completed your homework in Spanish, it’s important to know the appropriate phrases and vocabulary to convey this accomplishment effectively. In this article, we will explore how to say “I did my homework” in Spanish and provide you with useful phrases to express your completion of assignments.

Saying “I Did My Homework” in Spanish

To express the idea of completing your homework in Spanish, you can use the phrase “Hice mi tarea” or “Terminé mi tarea.” Both phrases convey the notion of finishing your homework. “Hice” means “I did” or “I completed,” “mi” means “my,” and “tarea” means “homework.” Alternatively, “terminé” means “I finished” and can be used interchangeably with “hice.”

Examples of Usage

Let’s look at a few examples to better understand how to use these phrases:1. Person A: ¿Terminaste tu tarea de matemáticas? Person B: Sí, hice mi tarea. (Did you finish your math homework? Person B: Yes, I did my homework.)2. Person A: ¿Ya hiciste la tarea de historia? Person B: Sí, terminé mi tarea de historia. (Did you already do the history homework? Person B: Yes, I finished my homework.)3. Person A: ¿Hiciste tus deberes a tiempo? Person B: Sí, hice mi tarea a tiempo. (Did you do your homework on time? Person B: Yes, I did my homework on time.)By using these phrases, you can effectively express that you have completed your homework in Spanish.

Alternative Phrases

If you want to convey a similar idea but with slightly different wording, here are a few alternative phrases you can use:1. Completé mi tarea. – I completed my homework.2. Realicé mi tarea. – I carried out my homework.3. Termine con mis deberes. – I finished with my assignments.These alternatives provide variation in expressing the completion of your homework while conveying the same basic idea.

Completing homework assignments is a vital aspect of academic success. By using phrases like “Hice mi tarea” or “Terminé mi tarea,” you can express that you have done your homework in Spanish. Practice using these phrases in different contexts to become more comfortable with their usage. Additionally, familiarize yourself with alternative expressions to enhance your ability to express your completion of assignments accurately. Clear communication about completing homework contributes to academic progress and fosters a positive learning environment. I Ll See You There in Spanish I Ll Call You Later in Spanish

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Preterite Tense in Spanish: How to Talk in the Past Tense

Picture this: You’re in the heart of a bustling Spanish-speaking city, immersing yourself in the vibrant culture and engaging conversations. You want to talk about the past and share your experiences. To do this effectively, you need to master the preterite tense (simple past) in Spanish, a key tool for recounting past events with precision and flair.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the depths of the preterite tense. We’ll demystify its formation, explore regular and irregular conjugations, and uncover the various scenarios where this tense shines. By the end, you’ll be equipped to weave compelling narratives and converse fluently about past experiences in Spanish.

How Do You Form the Preterite Tense in Spanish?

Before we delve into the intricacies of the preterite tense, let’s uncover its foundation – how it’s formed. In Spanish, the preterite is used to describe actions in the past or events that have been completed. The conjugation of verbs in the preterite differs from the present tense, and it’s essential to grasp the rules to wield this powerful tool.

Regular Spanish Preterite Forms

In Spanish, there are three types of verb endings: -ar, -ir, and -er. These verbs change, or conjugate, and have sets of endings based on who did the action and when it happened. To make the preterite tense with regular verbs, just take away the -ar, -ir, or -er and put the right ending depending on the subject, as you’ll see below. 

Verbs that End in -AR

For regular -AR verbs, you remove the ending and add specific preterite tense endings. The preterite endings for regular -AR verbs are -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, or -aron . Verbs such as “hablar” (to speak) and “llegar” (to arrive), follow a common conjugation pattern when applied in the preterite. You can see an example of the conjugation of “llegar” in the chart below.

Verbs That End in -ER

-ER verbs, like “beber” (to drink) and “comer” (to eat), adhere to the -ER preterite pattern. To conjugate them in the preterite, you replace the -ER ending with the regular preterite endings. These are -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, or -ieron . In the chart below, you can see how to conjugate the regular verb “comer”

Verbs That End in -IR

Finally, verbs ending in -IR, such as “vivir” (to live) and “escribir” (to write), follow the -IR preterite conjugation pattern. To conjugate regular -IR verbs in the preterite tense, substitute the -IR ending with -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, or -ieron, just like with the verbs ending in -ER. Below you can see an example conjugation of the verb vivir (to live).

Irregular Preterite Verb Conjugations

While regular verbs follow predictable conjugation patterns, irregular verbs in the preterite tense keep us on our toes. Luckily, a significant number of irregular verbs in Spanish follow a common set of preterite endings. The only thing you’ll need to remember is the unique irregular stem for each Spanish verb.

As we require the irregular verb stems to utilize these preterite forms in Spanish, let’s take a look at the stems of 5 of the most common irregular verbs. Then, you’ll be able to apply the correct preterite ending depending on the subject:

Below are the endings for the majority of irregular verbs in the Spanish preterite:

Let’s put the stems and endings together with some examples: 

-Yo estuve en casa ayer en la tarde. / I was at home yesterday afternoon.

-¡ Pudiste llegar a tiempo! / You were able to arrive on time!

-Ella puso el informe sobre su escritorio. / She put the report on her desk.

– Quisimos cenar afuera anoche. / We wanted to go out for dinner last night.

-Ellos supieron lo que pasó de inmediato. / They knew what happened immediately.

Highly irregular preterite conjugations

Some highly irregular preterite conjugations don’t adhere to any particular pattern, making them unique challenges for learners. These preterite forms can’t be easily predicted, so the best way to approach them is through memorization. Thankfully, you won’t have to tackle too many highly-irregular verbs on an individual basis. Let’s have a look at three of the most important highly irregular verbs in Spanish: “ir” (to go), “hacer” (to do), and “ser” (to be).

It’s essential to recognize that the preterite forms for “ir” and “ser” are identical. To distinguish between them, careful attention to the context is necessary. “Ir” is employed when discussing movement or departures, while “ser” is utilized for providing descriptions that remain largely constant.

A relatively simple and efficient method for distinguishing these verbs is to recall that the verb “ir” is used when something moves from one place to another, often accompanied by a preposition like ‘a’, ‘al’, or ‘para’. Conversely, the verb “ser” is typically linked to descriptions.

Examples: 

-Ella fue al cine el sábado pasado. / She went to the movies last Saturday.

-Ella fue una excelente alumna en la escuela. / She was an excellent student at school.

It’s crucial to observe the transformation from “a” to “i” in the stem (-hic) when “hacer” is applied in its preterite form. All the conjugations in this tense adhere to this irregular pattern.

-Yo hice lo mejor que pude en el examen. / I did the best I could in the exam.

-Mi hija hizo la tarea antes de la cena. / My daughter did the homework before dinner.

-Ustedes hicieron un trabajo extraordinario. / You did an outstanding job.

Uses of the Preterite Tense

1. completed events.

The preterite tense is your go-to choice when you want to express actions that are marked as finished. Whether you’re recounting your last summer vacation, detailing a thrilling adventure, or narrating a sequence of events, the preterite provides a sense of finality and completion. 

– Visité Madrid en mis últimas vacaciones. / I visited Madrid on my last vacation.

-Ellos cocinaron un deliciosa cena anoche. / They cooked a delicious dinner last night.

-Nosotros fuimos al cine el sábado en la noche. / We went to the movies on Saturday night.

2. The start or end of a completed action

When you need to emphasize the beginning or competition of a past action, the preterite is your trusty companion. It helps you pinpoint the moment something commenced or concluded, adding a vivid touch to your storytelling. 

– Comencé a estudiar alemán hace tres meses. / I started studying German three months ago.

-Él terminó su pasantía la semana pasada. / He finished his internship last week.

-El semestre empezó en septiembre. / The semester began in September.

3. Actions in a sequence

The preterite tense is perfect for narrating a series of events that happened in a specific order. It enables you to articulate your stories with clarity and coherence, ensuring your audience follows the sequence of actions. 

-Después de la graduación, fueron a cenar, compartieron anécdotas divertidas y luego volvieron a casa. / After the graduation, they went out to dinner, shared funny stories, and then returned home.

-Durante la reunión, revisamos los indicadores, analizamos los resultados y comparamos las conclusiones. / During the meeting, we reviewed the indicators, analyzed the results, and compared the conclusions.

4. Specific Times and Dates

When you want to reference precise dates or times in the past, the preterite is your linguistic time machine. It’s ideal for reporting events that occurred at a distinct moment in history. 

– Tuve mi primera clase a las 3 de la tarde. / I had my first class at 3 in the afternoon.

-Nosotros Abrimos nuestro primer restaurante en 1998. / We opened our first restaurant in 1998.

– Ganamos el campeonato el 20 de enero de 2019. / We won the championship on January 20th, 2019.

5. Interrupted Actions

The preterite tense is used when an ongoing event is suddenly interrupted by another event. This combination is indicated by the verb “estar” in the imperfect tense and the gerund form of the verb. In this case, these verbs end with -iendo or -ando in Spanish, equivalent to -ing in English.

-Estaba estudiando cuando mi hermano me llamó con una noticia emocionante. / I was studying when my brother called me with exciting news.

-Estábamos cocinando cuando se fue la luz en toda la casa. / We were cooking when the power went out in the whole house.

-Los niños estaban haciendo la tarea cuando sonó el timbre. / The children were doing their homework when the bell rang.

 How to Practice the Spanish Preterite Tense

There are many  Spanish resources you can use to practice the preterite tense. Start by immersing yourself in the written word, diving into Spanish literature, short stories, and articles written in the preterite tense. This exposure will introduce you to different contexts and styles of using this tense. Additionally, engage in Spanish conversations, whether with native speakers or language partners. Apply the preterite tense to talk about past experiences and stories, as it’s a great way to refine your spoken skills.

Consider enrolling in online Spanish courses that specifically address the preterite tense. Interactive lessons and exercises within these courses will enhance your skills and provide valuable guidance on using the preterite tense correctly. Talk with Spanish speakers about a past action or event that marked you to improve your speaking skills. You can also rely on a Spanish textbook to tackle important Spanish grammar topics like regular and irregular verbs. Combining these methods will lead to a comprehensive and immersive learning experience. This way, you’ll feel more confident when using the Spanish preterite tense.

Final Thoughts

The preterite tense in Spanish is your gateway to the past, allowing you to talk about completed events and actions. Learning how to use the preterite in Spanish is a stepping stone to becoming a more skilled and expressive speaker. As you continue your Spanish language learning path, embrace the intricacies of this tense, and you’ll find yourself telling captivating stories, recounting past experiences, and conversing fluently with newfound confidence. So, embark on this linguistic adventure and relish the art of storytelling in Spanish!

Dennys Caldera Boka

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What is a verb?

A verb is a part of speech that expresses action, existence, or occurrence.

What is an infinitive?

An infinitive is the basic verb form. In English we call it a verbal. It does not tell who is performing the action in a sentence (person), or when the action is taking place (tense).

How does one identify an infinitive?

In English: It is a verb form which begins with the word "to".

Example: to speak, to eat, to live.

In Spanish: It is a verb form which ends with the letters "-ar", "-er", or "-ir".

Example: hablar, comer, vivir.

Note: Some Spanish words which are not verb forms also end in these letters, but they are not infinitives since they aren't verbs!

What are the parts of a Spanish infinitive?

Example: Hablar, which means "to speak or to talk". HABL ar (habl is the stem) Habl AR (ar is the ending)

What kinds of Spanish verbs are there?

• Regular verbs
• Irregular verbs (You will hate these!)
• Spelling-change verbs (the endings are regular)
• Stem-changing verbs (also called "shoe verbs" – the endings are regular)
• Reflexive verbs (most any verb can be reflexive)

What are regular verbs?

Regular verbs follow a regular pattern in the way they are conjugated.

What is verb conjugation?

Verb conjugation is the process where the infinitive is changed in order to identify:

• when the action is taking place, etc. (this is called verb tense). Example: I speak, I spoke, I will speak, etc.
• who is performing the action, etc. (this is called person). Example: I speak, he speaks, she speaks, we speak, they speak, etc.

Why are verbs conjugated?

To determine 2 things:

• who is performing the action of the verb (person).
• when the action is taking place (tense).

How are regular verbs conjugated?

To conjugate a verb in Spanish you drop the ending of the infinitive and add a new stem. Here are some examples.

What are the new endings to be added to the stem?

The ending depends upon 2 situations:

• the verb tense (when the action is happening)
• the person (who is performing the action)

What are the new endings for verbs ending in –ar?

The endings are -o, -as, -a, -amos, -an in the present indicative tense. Here is an example with the verb "hablar".

You can find and practice the conjugation of over 400 -AR verbs by clicking below.

What are the new endings for verbs ending in –er?

The endings are –o, -es, -e, -emos, -en in the present indicative tense. Here is an example with the verb "comer".

You can find and practice the conjugation of over 100 -ER verbs by clicking below.

What are the new endings for verbs ending in –ir?

The endings are –o, -es, -e, -imos, en in the present indicative tense. Here is an example with the verb "vivir".

You can find and practice the conjugation of over 100 -IR verbs by clicking below.

How does one know which ending to use?

That’s simple!

It depends upon the subject. If the subject is I, you use –o; if it is we, you use –amos, etc. Remember, always look for the subject first!

How many Spanish "verb tenses" are there?

There are 14 Spanish verb tenses . This includes 7 simple tenses (1 verb), and 7 compound tenses (a verb preceded by a helping verb).

Note : It is important that each student master the Present Indicative tense as well as possible. The concepts and principles related to verbs that are learned in studying the Present tense will make the other tenses much easy.

What is the verb chart?

Language students study verbs by means of the “verb chart”. This is simply a means of visualizing the concept of verb conjugation and is used as a tool for learning this concept.

Eventually all students who wish to become fluent in a language must actually learn what the individual words (conjugated verbs) mean. This comes from lots of practice. In the meantime, the verb chart is an effective tool to help the student through the early stages.

What are subject pronouns?

Subject pronouns are simply pronouns used as the subject of a sentence.

English Subject Pronouns

Spanish subject pronoun view, what’s the difference between the “formal” and “familiar”.

Spanish speaking people have a unique way of speaking to other people that requires using one of two verb forms. These are called the formal and the familiar (sometimes called the informal).

These are used when one person is speaking to another person or persons, not when speaking about them.

In Spain and the Canary Islands they also use two forms depending whether they are speaking to one person or more than one person (see note below). However, Spanish speakers in Latin America and the United States use only one form in speaking to more than one person, regardless of who they are.

What is the familiar?

The familiar uses the tú form of the verb. This is sometimes called the 2nd person singular. (Spain uses the vosotros form, sometimes called the 2nd person plural.)

When is the familiar used?

When speaking to close family members, friends, members of your own peer group, small children, and sometimes pets. This rule varies from one Spanish speaking country to another and from one family to another.

When is the formal used?

Spanish speaking people use the formal in all cases where they would not use the familiar. It is used when you are not acquainted with the other person, when the person has authority over you, when it is proper to show respect to the other person (such as children talking to adults), or whenever you are in doubt what form you should use.

What is unique about the formal used in Spain?

Latin Americans and Spanish speaking people in the United States usually use the familiar only when talking to one person. When they are speaking to more than one person they will use the same form regardless to whom they are speaking. Here are some examples using the English phrase "do you have my book?".

What is the best way to learn verbs?

Keep it simple! Practice! Study! Write! Ask your Spanish teacher! Sorry, but nothing beats old-fashioned hard work!

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The Ultimate Guide to Spanish Past Tense Forms

Where to start with spanish past tense:, science says there’s a faster way to learn spanish, choosing and using the right past tense, crossing the finish line: preterite, age, states, and habits: imperfect, past participle, tenses that use the past participle, past conditional, i’ve been waiting for a tense like you: present perfect, imperfect subjunctive, the end had come: past perfect (pluperfect), past perfect subjunctive, past progressive, learn spanish now, get more from lingvist.

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Regular and Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense in Spanish

In everyday interactions, it is very common to find ourselves talking about past events in Spanish, things that happened recently or a long time ago. In this lesson, we will learn the basic rules to conjugate both regular and irregular verbs in the preterit tense in Spanish properly. As usual, you will find simple explanations, many examples of sentences and interactive quizzes to test yourself. Let’s start…

The past tense of regular verbs in Spanish

We can refer to the past tense in Spanish as: “ El pretérito perfecto simple ”, “El pretérito indefinido” or simply as “El pasado simple”. Just like in English, the preterite or past tense will be used for actions that happened at some time in the past and have already finished. Spanish verbs in past tense will change just the same way verbs in the present tense do, depending on the subject of the sentence. Know that you will also find irregular verbs in the past tense.

As you can see in the chart below, the stem of regular verbs in the past tense in Spanish will not change at all for most verbs, only their ending.

Keep two things in mind; first, the endings used for –ER and –IR verbs like COMER and ABRIR are identical, and second, the conjugations for the pronouns YO, ÉL, ELLA and USTED in the preterite tense will always need a tilde over the last vowel for regular verbs. Following the chart above, we just need to know which verbs have regular conjugations in the preterite in Spanish, some of them being: cenar, caminar, trabajar, mirar, comer, correr, vivir, escribir, descansar, levantarse, salir, responder .

Examples with -AR regular verbs in the past tense

• Yo cené con mis amigos en ese restaurante. (I had dinner with my friends at that restaurant.)
• María habló con sus padres sobre sus planes. (Maria talked to her parents about her plans.)
• Vosotros olvidasteis felicitarme por mi cumpleaños. (You forgot to congratulate me on my birthday.)

Examples with -ER and -IR regular verbs in the past tense

• Tú aprendiste español porque te esforzaste. (You learned Spanish because you worked hard)
• Nosotros abrimos la tienda a las 8:00 am ayer. (We opened the store at 8:00 am yesterday.)
• Ellos bebieron demasiado vino. (They drank too much wine.)

Just like in the English language, there are specific past time expressions in Spanish that help us to add information about the time an event happened, such as: ayer (yesterday), anteayer/antier (the day before yesterday), anoche (last night), el otro día (the other day), hace un año (a year ago) and so on. Pay attention to the next group of sentences using some verbs with regular past tenses in Spanish and some of these expressions:

Interactive quiz

Drag and drop the different past tense conjugations of the verbs HABLAR, BEBER and VIVIR to the correct areas.

Recognizing irregular preterite verbs in Spanish

A lot of the verbs that are considered irregular in the present tense will also be considered irregular in the past tense in Spanish, including verbs such as: “caber”(to fit), “dar”(to give), “poder” (be able to), “saber” (know) and others.

Verbs with irregular stems and endings in the preterite tense

There is a particular group of verbs that are commonly used in the language, but they suffer stem changes as well as changes in their ending, that is, they won’t follow the rules presented above. For this group of verbs, first you must memorize their stem in the past, e.g. “estuv-” for the verb ESTAR , and then remember the new endings that may apply only to them and a few other verbs. Take a look at the following chart and notice that the endings are different to those of regular verbs, but they stay the same for this unique group of irregular verbs:

Other irregular preterite verbs in Spanish following the pattern above, with a possible variation for “ELLOS”, are: “andar (anduv-), caber (cup-), decir(dij-), haber (hub-), poner (pus-), querer (quis-), saber (sup-), tener (tuv-)” . The following picture explains how we must change the verb’s stem and follow two different patterns (P1 and P2) depending on the new stem:

• Pattern No. 1: Carlos trajo a sus primos a la fiesta. (Carlos brought his cousins to the party.)
• Pattern No. 2 : Nosotros pusimos la casa en venta. (We put the house up for sale.)

Listen to and analyze the next group of verbs and their conjugations in the past.

Identical conjugations for SER and IR

Both t he verbs SER and IR will change radically in the preterite form as well, but their conjugations in the preterite will be identical. For these two verbs, context plays a very important role when using them in real conversations.

• Ella fue a Italia el año pasado con su familia. (She went to Italy last year with her family.)
• Ella fue mi compañera de clases en primaria. (She was my classmate in primary school.)

Other special cases in the preterite in Spanish

There are many other irregular verbs and special cases in the past tense in Spanish besides the ones we have discussed so far, for instance:

Verbs with two vowels in their ending

Verbs like “ leer, oír, concluir, incluir, constituir, construir, disminuir, fluir, poseer, caer, huir ” suffer a spelling change for the pronouns YO, ÉL and ELLOS. For the pronoun “YO”, the -IR part will be replaced by “Í” with tilde as in “Yo concluí” ; and for “ÉL” and “ELLOS”, we will add the consonant “y”.

• LEER: Yo leí ese libro en la escuela. (I read that book at school.)
• CONSTRUIR: Él construyó una mansión. (He built a mansion.)
• CAER: Dos árboles cayeron sobre la carretera . (Two trees fell on the road.)

Verbs ending in -GAR

When verbs end in -GAR in their infinitive form just like: “abrigar, agregar, ahogar, albergar, apagar, colgar”, the verb will be conjugated differently for the first person (the pronoun YO), so we will replace -GAR for -GUÉ as in these sentences:

• PAGAR: Y o pagué las cuentas (I paid the bills)
• COLGAR: Yo colgué la ropa (I hung the clothes)

Verbs ending in -CAR:

When verbs end in -CAR just like “ buscar, dedicar, educar, enfocar, explicar, sacar, secar “, then we will replace -CAR for -QUÉ for the pronoun YO only, as in the sentences:

• BUSCAR: Yo busqué la billetera. (I looked for the wallet.)
• EXPLICAR: Yo expliqué ese tema hace un mes. (I explained that topic a month ago.)

Verbs ending in -DUCIR

When a verb ends in -DUCIR just like “ traducir, conducir, deducir “, then we will replace -DUCIR for -DUJ for all subject pronouns , and add the conjugations in the second picture presented above.

• TRADUCIR: Yo tradujé todos esos documentos. (I translated all those documents.)
• CONDUCIR: Vosotros condujisteis sin parar. (You guys drove non-stop.)

Talking about past events in Spanish – Los eventos del pasado

It is time to see both regular and irregular in the preterite tense in Spanish in use. We will be using some of the ones presented above and a few new ones. These sentences follow a very basic structure and will use a few useful connectors to link the ideas, and you will see some specific phrases used in the past tense in Spanish such as “ayer” (yesterday), “la semana pasada” (last week) and so on.

No. 1 – Una visita al zoológico

La semana pasada fuimos al zoológico. Vimos varios animales interesantes y aprendimos muchas cosas sobre ellos también. Cuando miramos al gorila, mi amigo trató de tomar una foto, pero el gorila se enojó . Luego, vimos a los leones. También tomamos fotos de los leones. Escuchamos las aves cantar y a los monos aullar. Para finalizar el paseo, miramos los pingüinos. Ellos nadaron muy cerca de nosotros.

No. 2. – Mi fin de semana

• Francisco : ¿Qué hiciste (tú) el fin de semana pasado?
• Jorge : Yo estudié todo el fin de semana. Hoy tenemos un examen. ¿Tú estudiaste?
• Francisco: Yo no estudié. Ayer fui de paseo con mi familia. Nosotros fuimos a la playa. Mi mamá nadó toda la mañana. Mis hermanos también nadaron bastante. Comí pescado. Estaba delicioso.
• Jorge: Vaya, tú disfrutaste mucho entonces. Yo salí a tomar un café con Carmen y miramos una película después de estudiar.

Related Spanish Worksheets:

• Common Irregular Verbs in Spanish – PDF Worksheet

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Lesson Topics

• Show All | Collapse All
• 1. Gender of Nouns I
• 2. Gender of Nouns II
• 3. Numbers: 1-10
• 4. Plural Forms of Nouns
• 5. Def. & Indef. Articles
• 6. The Verb Form "hay"
• 7. Subject Pronouns
• 8. Reg. Verbs I
• 9. Reg. Verbs II
• 10. Reg. Verbs III
• 11. Adjectives I
• 12. Adjectives II
• 13. Days of the Week
• 14. Numbers: 11-30
• 15. Ser and Estar I
• 16. Ser and Estar II
• 17. Ser and Estar III
• 18. Ser and Estar IV
• 19. Negation
• 20. Questions
• 21. Poss. Adjectives
• 22. Tener, venir
• 23. Tener que / Hay que
• 24. Exp. with "Tener"
• 25. Weather Expressions
• 26. The Personal "a"
• 27. Contractions
• 28. Stem-Changing Verbs: o:ue
• 29. Stem-Changing Verbs: e:ie
• 30. Stem-changing verbs: e:i
• 31. Estar, Ir, Dar
• 32. "Ir a" + infinitive
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• 51. Saber vs Conocer / Pedir vs Preguntar
• 52. Numbers: 31-1000
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• 72. Preterite VI
• 73. Pret. vs Imp. III
• 74. Pret. vs Imp. Review
• 75. "Hace ..." to mean "ago"
• 76. Formation of Adverbs
• 77. Subjunctive I: Introduction
• 78. Subjunctive II: Conjugating regular and stem-changing verbs
• 79. Subjunctive III: Verbs that change orthographically
• 80. Subjunctive IV: Irregular verbs
• 81. Subjunctive V: Desire
• 82. Subjunctive VI: Ignorance, doubt
• 83. Subjunctive VII: Impersonal Expressions
• 84. Subjunctive VIII: Actions not yet completed
• 85. Rel. Pronouns - que
• 86. Rel. Pronouns - quien
• 87. Rel. Pronouns - el que and lo que
• 88. Rel. Adjective - cuyo
• 89. Rel. Pronouns and Adjectives - Review
• 90. Formal Commands
• 91. Inform. Commands - tú
• 92. Irreg. Commands - tú
• 93. Using Object Pronouns with Commands
• 94. Commands Review I
• 95. Informal Commands - vosotros
• 96. 1st Person Commands - nosotros
• 97. Indirect Commands
• 98. Commands Review II
• 100. Past Participle
• 101. Present Perfect
• 103. Future Perfect
• 104. Conditional
• 105. Imperfect Subjunctive I
• 106. Imperfect Subjunctive II
• 107. Imperfect Subjunctive III
• 108. Rules of Accentuation

Past Perfect: Quiz #1

Choose the correct conjugation of the verb haber., complete the following sentences..

• When Juan arrived at the restaurant his parents had already finished eating. (terminar) Cuando llegó Juan al restaurante sus padres ya de comer. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ
• The politician had promised to lower the taxes. (prometer) El político bajar los impuestos. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ
• My sister cleaned the living room when the meeting had ended. (terminar) Mi hermana arregló la sala cuando la reunión. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ
• The father had been a good worker. (ser) El padre un buen trabajador. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ
• I told the policeman that the thief had entered through the window. (entrar) Le dije al policía que el ladrón había por la ventana. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ
• The grandmother told her grandson that she had bought a lot of candy. (comprar) La abuela le contó a su nieto que comprado muchos dulces. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ
• Antonio's mother told me that he had gone downtown. (ir) La madre de Antonio me dijo que él al centro. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ
• Marta had seen the film last month but she wanted to see it again. (ver) Marta la película el mes pasado pero tenía ganas de verla de nuevo. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ
• The supervisor had promised his employees a raise. (prometer) El supervisor les a sus empleados aumento de salario. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ
• The poet had told his wife that he would never abandon her for another. (decir) El poeta le a su mujer que nunca la abandonaría por otra. á é í ó ú ¿ ¡ ü ñ

Suggested writing exercise: Write ten sentences using the past perfect tense.

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How to Use The Spanish Past Perfect Tense

 The Spanish past perfect is definitely not the easiest tense to use.

This is because you’ll often have to use the past perfect with other tenses such as the past simple or past imperfect.

You may also be tempted to use the present  perfect when you really should be using the past perfect.

But, that doesn’t mean you can’t quickly learn how to use this tense properly.

In fact, you’ll only need to focus on a few really common phrases to get a strong feel for this tense.

Moreover, while researching this post I realised that one Spanish phrase conjugated in the past perfect occurs more frequently than ‘ otra vez ‘ or ‘ se llama ‘ in conversational Spanish.

So, in today’s post, you’ll learn when to use the Spanish past perfect tense, how to form it, and I’ll show you a few key phrases that will help you learn this tense quickly.

Printable Version: Download this PDF version of the rules for the Past Perfect Tense  to use as a study reference.

A quick introduction to the past perfect tense

So what is the past perfect tense in Spanish used for?

The past perfect tense, also known as  el pretérito pluscuamperfecto , is really useful for describing a sequence of events in the past.

In other words, this tense is great for  telling stories in Spanish.

I mentioned earlier that you may have to combine the past perfect with the past simple or past imperfect…

…well, this is because the past perfect tense describes an event that occurs before another event.

For example,

I had already eaten when you arrived.

I had already woken up when my alarm sounded.

I had already finished my homework when my dad asked me to do it. 

As you can see, the word ‘already’ is important here because it tells you that one event is finished before another event starts.

For any event that finished prior to another event, you’ll need the Spanish past perfect to describe it.

Let’s see how to form this tense.

How to form the past perfect tense

If you want to conjugate a verb in the the past perfect tense, you need two things: a past participle and a conjugation of the verb haber  in the past imperfect tense.

The formula looks like this:

Pluscuamperfecto = Había + participio. 

Here is a list of the past imperfect conjugations of  haber :

Next, you need to form a past participle out of the verb you want to use.

If you can’t remember how to form a past participle check out this post .

When to use the Spanish past perfect tense

The next thing you need to think about is finding the right time to throw the Spanish past perfect into conversation.

Here’s a hint from English. Whenever an idea looks as follows:

Something had happened prior to something else

You need to use the past perfect tense for the translation in Spanish.

The key word is ‘had’. It implies an action was completed prior to another action in the past.

Another common word you’ll find with this tense is ‘already’.

I had already done something when something else occurred.

Here is an example:

English: I had already spoken with him before speaking with her. Español: Ya había hablado con él antes de hablar con ella.

In this example, this second verb ( hablar ) isn’t conjugated in the past but the ‘ antes de ‘ and the past perfect implies the sequence occurred before the present moment.

Having said that, you can also use the past perfect tense for actions that are happening in the present moment. For example:

English: I’m watching a movie that I have already seen. Español: Estoy viendo una película que ya había visto .

This last example can be a little more hazardous because the English sentence doesn’t have a ‘had’ in it.

That said, it is okay to translate the last part in the above example to the present perfect in Spanish as well.

I will show you some more examples below. But first, I want to show you the most frequently used verbs in this tense.

The most commonly occurring verbs in the past perfect

In order to work out the most commonly occurring conjugated verbs in this tense I used a set of data called n-grams for the Spanish language.

For a more detailed explanation of n-grams and how they are used to determine frequency, check out how I used 2-grams in Spanish to work out the most commonly occurring verbs like gustar .

I mentioned in the introduction there is a Spanish phrase that occurs more frequently than ‘ otra vez ‘ and ‘ se llama ‘. This is ‘ había sido ‘ which is the verb ser  in this past perfect.

I’m still a little shocked at how commonly this phrase occurs but I’ll show you below a few examples to hint at why this is maybe the case.

But in the meantime, the results of the frequency analysis for the conjugated verbs in the past perfect tense in order are as follows:

Something to consider with the results of 2-gram review is I don’t know whether the había is the first person or the third person.

The fact that the first and third person are the same in many verb conjugations in Spanish means that it won’t show up in the results from the 2-gram study.

But either way, the verb is still appearing in the past perfect, whether it’s first or third is probably not important.

Examples for the past perfect tense

This part of the post is where you need to dissect, analyse and understand what is going on.

Choose some options from below and create your own examples sentences, then try them out when you next get an opportunity to speak in Spanish.

1. Ser – To be

I understand the reason  ser  occurs so frequently is because of the following types of examples (it has never been…):

English: It has never been harder to find work here. Español: Nunca había sido tan difícil encontrar trabajo aquí.

English: It has never been so easy to talk to people in other countries. Español: Nunca había sido tan fácil hablar con gente en otros países.

2. Hacer – to do

English: I had done it many times before, so I did not think about it. Español: Lo había hecho muchas veces antes, así que no pensé en ello.

English: I had already made food when my boyfriend came home with takeaway. Español: Ya había hecho la comida cuando mi novio llegó a casa con comida para llevar.

3. Ver – to see

English: I’d never seen such a (long) line to vote. Español: Nunca había visto tanta cola para votar.

English: They were happy to see me because they hadn’t seen me in months. Español: Ellos estuvieron contentos de verme porque no me habían visto en meses.

4. Decir – to say

English: I didn’t believe that he had told me the true story. Español: No creí que me había dicho la historia real.

English: I couldn’t remember what to do even though he had told me twice. Español: No podía recordar qué hacer a pesar de que me había dicho dos veces.

5. Tener – to have

English: We had to clean the house before going out. Español: Habíamos tenido que limpiar la casa antes de salir.

English: I already had plans when you called me. Español: Ya había tenido planes cuando me llamaste.

6. Estar – to be

English: She had never been so impressed. Español: Ella nunca había estado tan impresionada.

English: I’m traveling around Spain, but I have been here before a few years ago. Español: Estoy viajando por España, pero había estado aquí antes hace unos años.

7. Llegar – to arrive

English: I didn’t know they had already arrived. Español: No sabía que ya habían llegado.

English: I entered quietly because I had arrived late. Español: Entré en silencio porque había llegado tarde.

8. Dar – to give

English: This afternoon I went for a run, but I had already taken a walk this morning. Español: Esta tarde he corrido, pero ya había dado un paseo esta mañana.

English: It surprised me to see the gift because they had already given it to me last year. Español: Me sorprendió ver el regalo porque ya me lo habían dado el año pasado.

9. Ir – to go

English: She told me that they had gone to the beach. Español: Ella me dijo que habían ido a la playa.

English: I couldn’t see my friends because they had already left. Español: No pude ver a mis amigos porque ya se habían ido.

10. Pasar – to pass

English: I wanted to say something, but the moment had passed. Español: Yo quería decir algo, pero el momento había pasado.

English: It was obvious they had had a good time. Español: Era obvio que lo habían pasado bien.

The Spanish past perfect tense is not an easy tense to get used to. But, it is a good tense to practice as you level up your Spanish.

Choose some of the verbs from this post and try them out with a Spanish friend.

Reader Interactions

October 26, 2017 at 2:42 pm

English: I have done it many times before. Español: Lo había hecho muchas veces antes. (shouldn’t the English be “I had done it many times before.”? I have done it should be Lo he hecho.

Same thing with: English: I want to watch a movie that I haven’t already seen. Español: Quiero ver una película que no ya había visto.

Either the English needs to be “hadn’t already seen” or the Spanish needs to be “no ya he visto”.

October 26, 2017 at 2:56 pm

I guess what my question boils down to is that the past perfect uses “had” and the present perfect uses “have”. I don’t see how “habia” can ever mean “have”.

October 27, 2017 at 12:21 am

Hola Kerry, thanks for the question. I think the challenge here is the English translations. Take these two sentences: “I’m watching a movie that I have already seen” “I’m watching a movie that I had already seen” Are these sentences both grammatically correct in English?

October 27, 2017 at 5:25 am

Yes, they are. One is present perfect,, the other past or pluperfect.

October 27, 2017 at 12:29 pm

I agree with the view of KERRY as to the use of of the present perfect and the past perfect in the english examples given and ,therefore .Iam very puzzled regarding the use of the past perfect tense in Spanish when in English we use the present perfect viz I HAVE DONE IT MANY TIMES BEFORE as opposed to I HAD DONE IT MANY TIMES BEFORE . If the correct translation in Spanish of I HAVE DONE IT MANY TIMES BEFORE is the perfect tense (había hecho) when in Spanish do you use the present tense (Ha o He hecho) ?

August 9, 2019 at 10:21 am

Your examples for ser are actually present perfect. It has never been…… Nunca ha sido.. ………..correcto?

Great article Andrew! Something I always get confused about is whether to use “estar” or “ser” in asking and answering: “How has your day been?” My day has been good so far. Can you set me straight on this matter?

August 9, 2019 at 11:03 am

Hola Amy, thanks for the question! A great way to say this is: How has your day been? – ¿Qué tal tu día? And in response, you could say: My day is going well so far – Hasta ahora mi día va bien.

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Past Participles in Spanish: Conjugations, Uses & Charts

The past participle in Spanish is essential to conjugating perfect tenses, describing, and forming advanced structures. In short, if you’re learning Spanish , sooner or later, you’ll need to use past participles. 

This guide will provide you with all the crucial information you need to master the past participle in Spanish. The topics we’ll cover include:

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Verbs with two past participles

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Past participles as adjectives

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Conjugating the Past Participle in Spanish

The regular past participle is formed by adding the corresponding endings to the verb stem. Like other Spanish tenses , the past participle endings depend on whether you’re conjugating an – ar , -er , or – ir verb. 

The past participle endings in Spanish are:

• -ado for – AR verbs
• -ido for – ER and – IR verbs

To see these endings in action, here is a table with the past participle form of estar, apagar, barrer, leer, dormir, and sentir. 

The verb leer is a verb with a regular past participle form in Spanish. However, unlike the other examples, the past participle ending has an accent mark. Check all the examples again. This time look at the stem patterns for leer and the other verbs. 

This is the rule: 

The past participle ending for -ER and -IR verbs whose stem ends with an a, e, or o , must have a written accent. With these verbs, the past participle ending is -ído. Some examples of verbs that follow this pattern are:

This written accent is added to ease the pronunciation. 

Notice that this rule doesn’t apply to -IR verbs like h u ir, constr u ir, conseg u ir and similar. This is because the stems of these verbs do not end with ‘a’, ‘e’ or ‘o’. 

Take Note: -ado and – ido is the Spanish form of the English suffix – ed, which it’s also added to regular verbs. If you want to learn more cool patterns like this, you can download my Spanish Learning Kit . 

Irregular past participle

Spanish irregular past participles do not use the same patterns you’ve learned in the previous section. The most common irregular past participles in Spanish are -ER and -IR verbs. Although there’s no formal rule, you’ll notice that most of them use – so, -cho, and – to endings. 

Irregular past participle verbs in Spanish include:

Many of the verbs listed in the previous table are used as suffixes to form other verbs. For example, contra decir , de scribir , de volver , descom poner , and so on. Verbs that derive from them will also have an irregular past participle. 

Here are some examples

• Contradecir = Contra dicho
• Devolver = De vuelto
• Proponer = Pro puesto

In Spanish, some verbs have both a regular and irregular past participle. Those verbs include but are not limited to: 

It’s a common misconception to assume that these participles are interchangeable. In daily life, Spanish speakers use the regular past participle to form perfect tenses , whereas the irregular past participle of the same verb is used as an adjective .

Regular Past Participle used in Compound Tense:

¿No has freído el pollo? Haven’t you fried the chicken?

Irregular Past Participle used as an Adjective:

Me gusta el pollo frito . I like fried chicken. 

Exception: Confundir doesn’t follow this rule. You can only use the irregular participle when using the formula: ser + adjective.

Take Note: The Royal Spanish Academy only recognizes imprimir, freír and proveer as the only three verbs with a regular and irregular participle in Spanish. But, as you can see, more verbs follow this behavior.  

When to Use the Past Participle in Spanish

So far, you’ve learned that past participles in Spanish are verb forms we create by adding – ado or -ido to a verb stem. But how do you use these words? 

The Spanish past participle has three main uses :

• To form perfect tenses 
• As an adjective
• To form the passive voice

Below, I’ll go over how you can apply the past participle to these situations. 

Forming perfect tenses in Spanish

The formula to create perfect tenses in Spanish is haber + past participle . So, as you can see, the Spanish past participle is crucial to conjugate tenses such as: 

• Present perfect
• Past perfect
• Future perfect
• Conditional perfect
• Present and past perfect subjunctive

The primary rule you must follow with this application is ensuring that ‘ haber ’ is properly conjugated . Here are some examples:

[‘Haber’ conjugated] + [past participle]

No he tenido tiempo. I haven’t had time.

Antes de las 7, Sonia ya había abierto la tienda . Before 7, Sonia had already opened the store .

Sin ti, no habría hecho mi tarea. Without you, I wouldn’t have done my homework.

Past Participles of Reflexive Verbs

If you need to form the past participle of a reflexive verb , add the corresponding participle ending to the verb stem and always place the reflexive pronoun before ‘haber’. Take dormirse as an example:

La niña no se ha dormido . The girl hasn’t fallen asleep yet.

Indirect and direct object pronouns are also placed before ‘haber’.

Many past participles in Spanish are used as adjectives . In other words, certain past participles can help you describe a person, place, or thing. 

Estar + past participle is one of the most common formulas for past participles working as adjectives. However, these adjectives can also be combined with other verbs:

[Verb conjugated] + [past participle verb]

Hoy me siento muy cansada . I feel very tired today.

Los vasos están rotos . The cups are broken .

¿Julián está dormido ? Is Julian asleep ?

Queremos las luces apagadas . We want the lights off .

There’s a critical grammar rule to remember when using past participles as adjectives in Spanish. Adjectives must reflect the number and gender of the Spanish noun they’re describing. This is shown in the examples above. 

Take Note: Not all past participles in Spanish can be used as adjectives because some do not describe a quality. Examples of this are past participles such as ‘tenido’ (tener) and ‘vuelto’ (volver).

Most Spanish sentences are built with active voice , meaning that they express who is performing an action. On the other hand, with the passive voice the object of the sentence (whom receives the action) becomes the subject . 

Check these examples: 

[Object] + [‘ser’ conjugated] + [past participle]

El hombre fue detenido. The man was arrested .

Las galletas son preparadas con amor. The cookies are prepared with love.

In Spanish, the passive voice is a formal and more advanced structure. It’s usually applied in news, speeches, or writing samples. 

Important Note: When used to form the passive voice, the Spanish past participle is working as an adjective . This means that it also has a feminine or plural form depending on the gender of the noun . 

Past participles in Spanish are key for building sentences. Here are some rules and key points you should keep in mind:

• The endings for regular past participles are -ado and -ido . 
• Past participles are formed by adding past participle endings to the verb stem. 
• -ER and -IR verbs whose stem ends with ‘a’, ‘o’, or ‘e’ use the accented ending – ído. 
• Those derivations will also have an irregular past participle ( puesto, descompuesto).
• Past participles in Spanish are used to form perfect tenses , the passive voice , and as adjectives. 
• Ser + past participle is the formula for the passive voice. 
• Haber + past participle is the formula to conjugate perfect tenses. 
• Past participles can be singular, plural, feminine , or masculine when working as an adjective. 

Now, it’s time for you to start applying this topic. Here is a quick quiz you can take to practice your knowledge of past participles .

Downloadable Past Participle Cheat Sheets

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Daniela Sanchez

¡Hola! Soy Daniela Sanchez, I've been studying Spanish professionally as well as teaching it in Mexico and online for over 10 years. I’ve taught Spanish to a wide array of foreigners from many backgrounds. Over the years, I've made it my mission to work hard on refining many challenging to understand grammar topics to make my students' learning experiences easier, faster and more enjoyable. Read More About Me

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Spanish Past Participle – Learn and Practice

Welcome 😊 to our grammar lesson on the Spanish Past Participle (“El participio”).

The Past Participle is an important verb form that has several uses.

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form the Past Participle and use it in sentences .

You will also find  a Quiz and Exercises  to practice.

How to form the Past Participle

Uses of the past participle.

In Spanish, each verb has one Past Participle . Let’s study how we form it.

Regular past participles

Most verbs have a regular Past Participle. We form it this way:

• For verbs in -ar —> attach -ado to its stem
• For verbs in -er, -ir   —> attach -ido to its stem

Irregular past participles

Here are the most frequent verbs with an irregular Past Participle:

Its most important uses are:

As part of perfect tenses

In Spanish, all perfect tenses consist of 2 words :

• First, is the verb  haber conjugated in some tense.
• Second, the  Past Participle  of the verb expressing the action.

The perfect tenses in Spanish are:

• Present Perfect
• Past Perfect
• Preterite Perfect
• Future Perfect
• Conditional Perfect
• Present Perfect Subjunctive
• Past Perfect Subjunctive
• Future Perfect Subjunctive

Yo he trabajado mucho hoy. I’ve worked a lot today. (Present Perfect) Esta semana no hemos jugado . This week we haven’t played. (Present Perfect) Vosotros habíais hecho las camas. You guys had made the beds. (Past Perfect)

As an adjective

When we use the Past Participle as an adjective, its ending needs to match the gender and number of the noun it is connected with.

Here are some examples using the Past Participle of the verb “cerrar” ( cerrado ). Notice we adapt its ending to the gender and number of the noun :

El armario está cerrad o . The closet is closed. (masculine singular) La puerta está cerrad a . The door is closed. (feminine singular) Los armarios están cerrad os . The closets are closed. (masculine plural) Las puertas parecen cerrad as . The doors seem closed. (feminine plural)

After “ser” to form the passive voice

To form the passive voice , we place the Past Participle right after the verb “ser” .

Here the Past Participle also needs to match the gender and number of the subject :

La canción es cantad a . The song is sung. Los edificios son construid os por la compañía. The buildings are built by the company.

Take this short Quiz about the Past Participle:

Your answer:

Correct answer:

Your Answers

Form the Past Participle of the following verbs. Click on the gray spaces to see the solutions:

1) escuchar – escuchado 2) salir – salido 3) contar – contado 4) tener – tenido 5) hacer – hecho 6) decir – dicho 7) ver – visto 8) romper – roto

In this exercise, we practice the Past Participle as part of a perfect tense : the Present Perfect.

Fill the gaps with the Past Participle of the verbs in brackets:

1) Nosotros hemos cerrado las puertas. (cerrar) We have closed the doors. 2) Yo no he repasado la lección. (repasar) I haven’t reviewed the lesson. 3) Hemos dormido muchas horas. (dormir) We have slept many hours. 4) Gonzalo ha hecho las tareas. (hacer) Gonzalo has made the homework. 5) ¿Vosotros habéis visto la película? (ver) Have you guys seen the movie?

In this exercise we practice the Past Participle as an adjective .

Fill the gaps with the Past Participle of the verbs in brackets, adapting its ending if needed, so that it matches the gender and number of the noun it is connected with.

1) Las puertas están cerradas . (cerrar) The doors are closed. 2) Los libros están abiertos . (abrir) The books are open. 3) La cama está hecha . (hacer) The bed is made. 4) La televisión está rota . (romper) The TV is broken. 5) El desayuno está preparado . (preparar) Breakfast is ready.

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Present Perfect Spanish: Explained Like You’re Five Years Old

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It’s easy to be overwhelmed by complex grammar terminology when you first start learning Spanish.

So what exactly do we mean by the present perfect Spanish tense (or “pretérito perfecto” en español)?

The name p resent perfect   is a little confusing as it’s not clear whether the tense is related to the past, or the present.

The truth is that it’s related to both.

As with its English counterpart, this tense is used when describing an action that started and finished in the past, but happened in a recent enough time frame that it is connected to the present.

The easiest way to break this down in simple terms is by reviewing the same tense in English, which uses a simple formula:

Auxiliary verb “to have”  + past participle  of the main verb.

• I have (I’ve) eaten
• We have (We’ve) drunk
• They have (They’ve) visited

In Spanish, the formula is exactly  the same:

Auxiliary verb “haber” + past participle of the main verb.

• Yo he comido – I’ve eaten
• Nosotros hemos bebido – We’ve drunk
• Ellos han visitado – They’ve visited

TIP: You can use this tense as a “hack” to speak about the past in Spanish, before actually learning correct past tense grammar (of course, sometimes it won’t sound technically correct, but people will still understand you).

Now that you know what this tense is, we can examine how to conjugate it.

In order to use this tense correctly, you need to learn the conjugation for the auxiliary verb “haber”, which is as follows:

The above conjugation will not change.

Once you know it, all you need to do is add the past participle of the main verb you want to use, and bingo, you’re speaking in present perfect Spanish.

For example:

• Yo he + com ido (Comer) en el restaurante – I’ve eaten at the restaurant
• Nosotros hemos + tom ado (Tomar) cerveza  – We’ve drunk beer

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How To Add The Past Participle

All regular verbs follow a structure which consists of taking the root of the verb and changing the ending, depending on whether the verb ends in AR, ER or IR.

(as always, there are irregular verbs we need to deal with, but we’ll come to those later)

Regular verbs ending in -AR will add the ending “-ado” to the root of the verb.

For example, the verb comprar (to buy) will become “comprado” (bought).

• Nos hemos compr ado un nuevo auto – We have bought a new car
• Él ha cocin ado  toda la noche – He has cooked all night
• No has compr ado  el boleto – You haven’t bought the ticket

ER & IR Verbs

Regular verbs ending in both -ER and -IR will add the same ending “-ido” to the root of the verb.

For example, the verb comer (to eat) will become “comido” (eaten), and the verb dormir (to sleep) will become “dormido” (slept)

• El ha com ido mucho hoy – He has eaten a lot today
• Ellos han vend ido a la casa – They’ve sold the house
• Hemos dorm ido todo el día durante el vuelo  – We’ve slept the entire day during the flight

Commonly Used Verbs In Present Perfect Tense

Once you know how to conjugate the auxiliary verb Haber, it’s easy to use the present perfect tense when dealing with regular verbs.

Simply add the respective -ADO and – IDO endings.

We Need To Talk About Present Perfect Spanish Irregulars

Up until now, using present perfect Spanish with regular verbs has been easy.

But of course, there are irregular verbs that we need to deal with and these verbs do not follow the -ado or -ido rule we previously covered.

Each irregular verb has a different past participle, which you need to memorize separately.

Let’s dive in and look at the most common irregular verbs.

Using The Reflexive With Present Perfect Spanish

It’s important to understand how to use reflexive pronouns in the present perfect tense.

Reflexive verbs are used when a subject in a sentence performs an action on itself.

For example, the sentence “I have seen myself in the mirror” requires you to use the reflexive verb + reflexive pronoun, which goes before the haber conjugation.

The result is:

“Yo me  he visto en el espejo”.

Notice that the position of the reflexive pronoun “me” is placed between the subject and the conjugated verb “haber”.

Since we can drop personal pronouns in Spanish, we will often find sentences that start with a reflexive pronoun ie. Me he visto en el espejo.

Examples Of Reflexive Verbs In Present Perfect

• Me  he comprado un regalo por mi cumpleaños – I have bought myself a birthday gift.
• ¿ Te  has abierto una cuenta en el banco? – Have you opened (yourself) a bank account?
• Se  han ido del restaurante por el mal servicio – They have left the restaurant because of the bad service.
• Nos  hemos perdido en el bosque – We’ve lost (ourselves) in the woods.
• Me  he puesto mi mejor traje esta noche – I’ve put on my best suit tonight

When To Use Present Perfect Tense

Now that you know how to conjugate and structure sentences in present perfect, we can review how this tense is commonly used.

Firstly, it is used to describe actions that are still happening:

• He vivido en París desde que era un niño – I have lived in Paris since I was a child

It’s also used to describe something that just  happened:

• ¡He visto un fantasma! – I have just seen a ghost!

It’s important to mention that this tense is more commonly used in Spain. In Latin America, you will find more people using Simple Past (pretérito indefinido), which is why it is important to explain some of the differences between these two tenses.

Present Perfect v Simple Past

The present perfect tense is more commonly used to describe actions that occurred in a recent past, such as today, this morning or this afternoon.

• He visto a mi profesor de español esta mañana – I’ve seen my Spanish teacher this morning

Even if you don’t mention the timeframe, using present perfect tells us that the action took place not too long ago.

Whereas actions that occurred, for example, yesterday or last week will normally be expressed using the simple past tense.

• Ayer vi a mi profesor de español – I saw my Spanish teacher yesterday

Let’s look at one more example of the differences between both tenses:

• He visitado la ciudad de Barcelona en España – I’ve visited the city of Barcelona in Spain
• Visité la ciudad de Barcelona en España – I visited the city of Barcelona in Spain

At first glance, both sentences look the same.

However, the first sentence tells us that action took place in the past, without mentioning a particular moment in time ie. I’ve visited the city of Barcelona before, which could refer to several visits or just one, for a short or long period of time.

The second sentence tells us that the action only happened once ie. I visited Barcelona at a specific point in time . Even if the time or date is not given, the listener will understand that the action happened once.

General Examples of Present Perfect

• He escuchado música toda la noche – I’ve listened to music all night.
• No hemos visitado a mis abuelos – We have not visited my grandparents.
• Han estado muy contentos últimamente – They have been very happy lately.
• ¿Han visto la última película de Disney? – Have you seen Disney’s last movie?
• Aún no has hecho tu tarea – You haven’t done your homework yet.
• Ella me ha comprado un celular nuevo – She has bought me a new phone.
• ¿No te lo hemos dicho varias veces? – Haven’t we told you that several times?
• Te hemos visto tocar en concierto – We have seen you play in concert.
• Me he roto un hueso – I’ve broken one of my bones.
• Ella se ha comprado una casa nueva – She has bought herself a new house .

Present Perfect Subjunctive Spanish

The last thing that we’re going to cover is using present perfect tense in the subjunctive mood.

The subjunctive for present perfect is used to speak about past actions related to the present, as well as future actions that may or may not be completed.

These actions tend to be:

• Expectations
• Probabilities
• Other actions that express uncertainty

You might recall the formula we used earlier for present perfect.

Auxiliary verb “haber” + past participle  of the action verb.

The present perfect subjunctive uses almost the same formula, with a slight change.

Instead of using the auxiliary verb “haber” in present tense, we’re going to conjugate it in present subjunctive  as follows:

Auxiliary verb “haber” (in its present subjunctive form)  + past participle  of the action verb.

As you can see, the conjugation is slightly different, but we still use the auxiliary verb “haber” and add the past participle of the action verb.

When To Use Present Perfect Subjunctive

As we mentioned earlier, the present perfect subjunctive is normally used when conveying emotions, possibility, feelings, doubts, uncertainty, opinions, desires, and expectations.

These are some common examples:

Opinions  (ie. something isn’t a fact)

• No creo que haya sido verdad – I don’t think it has been true
• Dudo que haya viajado tanto – I doubt that he has traveled that much

Things that are likely to happen:

• Es posible que hayan llegado tarde hoy – It is possible that they’ve arrived late today

Wishes and expectations (feelings) :

• Espero que hayas tenido un buen día – I hope you’ve had a good day

Next, we will examine how the present perfect subjunctive can be connected both to the past and the future.

(sidenote: this subjunctive tense doesn’t exist in English, which is why some of the sentences don’t translate well. )

Past actions related to the present

Present perfect subjunctive is used whenever we want to speak about an action that was supposed to happen in the past, but we don’t know whether it happened or not, or how it went.

• Es posible que haya perdido todo mi dinero – It’s possible that I’ve lost all my money

Here we are talking about a possibility. The action happened in the past, but right now, in the present, we don’t know if I’ve lost the money or not – we just guess that it could have happened.

• Es posible que hayan encontrado un buen restaurante – It is possible that they’ve found a good restaurant.
• Espero que el equipo de fútbol haya ganado el partido – I hope that the football team had won the match.

Future actions that may or may not be completed

It can also be used to describe actions that we expect to be finished in the future, but there is a feeling of uncertainty as to whether it will happen or not.

Take a look at these examples:

• Deseo que para el próximo año ya hayamos vendido la casa – I wish that we’ve already sold the house by next year.
• Llama a tu madre cuando hayas terminado la tarea – Call your mother when you’ve finished the homework.

Triggering the subjunctive

There are a couple of easy rules that you can memorize to help you identify when you need to use the subjunctive.

Since the subjunctive is used in relative clauses, it will be preceded by phrases and expressions that indicate a probability, desire, or assumption related to something is not fact (at least not yet), or something that is unknown.

For example,

• Espero que… / I hope…
• No creo que… / I don’t think that…
• Es posible que… / It’s possible that…
• Dudo que… / I doubt that…

You will notice that the relative pronoun “que” is a cue to enter the subjunctive mood.

• No creo que   haya  comido tan temprano – I don’t think that he has eaten so early.
• Es posible que   hayas  comprado la talla incorrecta – It’s possible that you’ve bought the wrong size.
• Me alegra mucho que   hayas  venido – I’m so happy that you’ve come.
• Espero que   hayamos  tomado la decisión correcta – I hope that we’ve taken the right decision.

That’s all!

For now, you can test your comprehension with the exercises below.

Fill the blanks with correct conjugation of the verb haber and past participle (present perfect).

(You can find the correct answers below.)

1. ( Encontrar ) ____________________ el mejor restaurante de la ciudad. I have found the best restaurant in the city.

2. ( Explicar ) El profesor ____________________ el tema nuevo esta mañana. The teacher has explained the new subject this morning.

3. ( Terminar ) Nos quedaremos en casa hasta que la cuarentena ______________. We will stay at home until the quarantine has ended

4. ( Hacer ) Es bueno que _________________ la tarea. It’s good that you have done your homework.

5. ( Correr ) Ellos ____________________ en esta pista muchas veces. They have run on this track several times.

6. ( Tomar ) Es peligroso que _______________ este camino. It’s dangerous that we have taken this road.

7. ( Comprar ) Ella se ______________ un vestido costoso. She has bought herself an expensive dress.

8. ( Ver ) ¿Te ________________ en el espejo esta mañana? Have you seen yourself in the mirror this morning?

9. ( Escuchar ) No _________________ escuchado esa banda. I have not listened to that band.

10. ( Estudiar ) Espero que _______________ mucho para la prueba. I hope they have studied a lot for the test

11. ( Terminar ) Podrías jugar una vez que _______________ tu tarea. You can play once you have finished your homework.

12. ( Poner ) Ustedes _________________ las llaves en el lugar equivocado. You have put the keys on the wrong place.

• He encontrado  el mejor restaurante de la ciudad.
• El profesor ha explicado  el tema nuevo esta semana.
• Nos quedaremos en casa hasta que la cuarentena haya terminado .
• Es bueno que  hayas hecho  tu tarea
• Ellos han corrido en esta pista muchas veces.
• Es peligroso que hayamos tomado  este camino.
• Ella se  ha comprado  un vestido costoso.
• ¿Te has visto  en el espejo esta mañana?
•  No he escuchado  esa banda.
•  Espero que hayan estudiado  mucho para la prueba.
•   Puedes jugar una vez que  hayas terminado  tu tarea.
•  Ustedes han puesto  las llaves en el lugar equivocado.

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• SI SWIMSUIT
• SI SPORTSBOOK

Gonzaga in position to land Ismaila Diagne from Real Madrid

Cole forsman | may 28, 2024.

• Gonzaga Bulldogs

Ismaila Diagne, a 7-foot center who suited up for Real Madrid’s youth and national teams this past season, is in good position to commit Mark Few and the Gonzaga Bulldogs , according to reports.

Diagne, 17, could potentially decide to bring his talents to Spokane after he averaged 10.2 points, 7.8 rebounds and 1.6 assists to help lead the Real Madrid U18 team to victory at the Adidas Next Generation Tournament during the EuroLeague Final Four this week. The youth team also won the Podgorica Tournament earlier this season, as Diagne averaged 11.0 points and 7.8 rebounds across four games in the event. Over the course of Diagne’s time with the youth team, Real Madrid has finished first in seven of the eight tournaments since the 2020-21 season.

Diagne logged time with the Real Madrid national team as well. In four games in the Spanish Liga Endesa (ACB) this season, he averaged 5.0 points, 4.5 rebounds, and 1.0 blocks in 12.5 minutes. Diagne also appeared in two EuroLeague games with the club.

For Gonzaga, it hopes Diagne could be an important piece of the frontcourt rotation for the future as Graham Ike and Ben Gregg head into their respective senior seasons next fall. As a rim protector who boasts size and verticality, Diagne brings a different skill set to complement his new teammates. Whether or not his impact is felt right away as a freshman, Diagne will likely have time to adjust his game to fit what the team needs from him and how he fits in with the U.S. college game.

The Bulldogs have spent much of the 2024 offseason building for the present and the future. Colgate transfer Braeden Smith is set to redshirt next season after he committed to the Zags earlier this week. Meanwhile, Pepperdine transfer and All-WCC wing Michael Ajayi will likely take on a significant role in the offense, as will Arkansas grad transfer Khalif Battle shore up the backcourt rotation. Tarleton State transfer Emmanuel Innocenti is a blend of both the present and the future of the guard/wing position as a 6-foot-5 defensive specialist who was WAC All-Defense and WAC All-Freshman before joining the Bulldogs.

The incoming transfer portal class joins a Gonzaga team that’s set to return seven of its top eight scorers from last season’s Sweet 16 team. 

COLE FORSMAN

Cole Forsman is a reporter for Gonzaga Nation, a member of Sports Illustrated’s FanNation network. Cole holds a degree in Journalism and Sports Management from Gonzaga University.

• Pronunciation

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