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A Guide to PTE Essay Writing: Scoring & Structure

Video Guide

#Skill 1: Content

#skill 2: form, #skill 3: vocabulary, #skill 4: spelling, #skill 5: grammar, #skill 6: development, structure and coherence, #skill 7: general linguistic range, introduction:, main body paragraphs:.

We have all had experience writing essays in our studies and this may lead us to think that we can approach the PTE academic writing task without doing much revision or practice. If we concentrate on revising our English grammar and vocabulary, we can just turn up to the exam and produce our essay, right? WRONG! There are a few things you need to know first about the PTE essay and some practice that you will need to do before the exam.

Don’t be scared off by this, achieving a high score in the essay task is certainly possible; many have passed with flying colours and so will you. You just need to gain a good understanding of what is required of you so that you know what to expect and can put the steps in place to satisfy the scoring system. A good place to start is to develop an awareness of how to structure your essay and how it will be scored. In this section of the PTE, it is expected that you will follow an appropriate essay structure and your writing will be scored according to a certain set of criteria. We’ll tell you everything you need to know about both of these areas so that your essays will tick all the right boxes.

When approaching any exam task, it is always a good idea to get inside the mind of your assessor, or in this case, the automated assessor! This is like having some inside information that will give you the edge over other candidates, so read carefully! Often candidates may be quite happy with their essay and don’t understand why it hasn’t made the grade. It may well be a good piece of writing in some respects, but if it doesn’t satisfy the elements that the scoring system is looking for, it will not be up to scratch. As you will be aware, you are looking to achieve 70 + in your essay and you will need to meet the criteria in all the categories to reach that score.

Let’s have a look at the PTE guidelines for assessing the essay task. There are 7 key skill-sets that will be taken into account when your essay is marked.

You may have perfect grammar and a wonderful range of vocabulary, but if you go off topic, this will negatively affect your score. It is surprisingly easy to start an essay focused on the prompt and writing about the issue or question specified and then to veer off in the wrong direction later on in the essay. Ensure that you keep referring back to the question prompt and stay on topic. Noting down a short plan at the beginning can help to keep you on track.

Form in this criteria set refers to the amount of words in which you complete the essay. In the case of the PTE academic essay, the word limit is 200-300 words. Do NOT go under or over this amount as you will likely be penalised for this and the word limit is there for a reason. It is a reasonable number of words to write in the given time, allowing you to provide detail and show off your writing skills in a succinct manner.

The wider your vocabulary knowledge, the better. Repetition is a common reason that students are marked down on the vocabulary section, so having synonyms available in your mental word bank is invaluable. A varied range of vocabulary also helps to keep your writing engaging and interesting.

Some marks will be given for accuracy in the spelling of words. As you will already know, the way to improve your spelling is simply a mixture of learning and revising spelling patterns and words and using these words again and again in your writing until they stay in your brain! Be careful with words with similar spellings and become aware of the spelling patterns with which you make frequent mistakes.

There are so many different areas of grammar that will be assessed and that you need to gain a good grasp of to produce good-quality writing , that we won’t go over them all here. Some common areas for development are the use of articles and tenses. You need to become aware of your areas of weakness through feedback from teachers or online tutors so that you know which grammar points you personally need to work on.

We will discuss the structure in more detail in the next section but in short, you will need to write your essay using an appropriate essay format, presenting information in a logical order with the correct use of paragraphs, linked by cohesive devices so that your writing flows in a meaningful way.

This refers to your ability to adequately communicate your ideas, concepts and arguments with a good level of language knowledge and ability, so that you get your points across in a direct and engaging manner.

There are various formats that an essay can take. This, of course depends on the purpose, length, level and area of study. Regarding the PTE essay, we must bear in mind that the essay is fairly short (200-300 words) and is to be completed within a short time-frame (20 minutes). Thus, it makes sense to follow a basic essay format. It is really important to stick to this format as not only does it satisfy the demands of the scoring system, it helps you to present your ideas in a coherent way and avoids the essay becoming over-complicated.

If you include the following sections, you are on the right track with your essay structure.

Before putting forward your arguments and examples, you must introduce the topic. This entails giving a summary of the prompt in your own words and outlining what your essay will cover. As with all paragraphs, the introduction should link coherently to the first body paragraph.

How many body paragraphs you include is up to you and may depend on the number of points you wish to make or what has been demanded in the prompt. However, bear in mind that you only have 20 minutes, so generally stick to 2-3 paragraphs. In the body paragraphs, you will be presenting and discussing your main points and arguments related to the topic. The first body paragraph should include a topic sentence and you should also write at least one example to exemplify one of the points that you have chosen to put forward.

It is essential to finish your essay with a conclusion. It is worth noting that often, candidates scrimp on their conclusion as they may be running out of time and energy! Although you do not need a lengthy conclusion, it should summarise some of the key points and arguments and possibly give a final concluding opinion or argument depending on the requirements of the essay questions. One line is not enough!

The advice above is really important to take note of and use when you are revising and completing practice essays , as you won’t be able to remember it all when it comes to the actual exam. If you refer to the scoring and structure guidelines every time you do a piece of writing, you will soon be writing confidently and fluently, and impressing the assessors on exam day. Good luck!

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Best PTE Essay Writing Template For Full Score

The PTE academic exam is a comprehensive assessment of language proficiency, and one crucial component is the writing test. Understanding how to approach the PTE essay writing section can significantly impact your overall score. In this article, we will delve into the best PTE essay writing template designed to help you achieve a full score.

PTE Writing Essay Test Overview

The PTE writing section evaluates your ability to communicate ideas effectively in written form. Understanding the nuances of this section is vital, as it contributes significantly to your overall PTE score.

PTE Essay Writing task is the second assignment in the writing segment, part of Section 1 of the PTE exam – Speaking & Writing . The time allocated for this section ranges from 54 to 67 minutes. The duration of the PTE Writing section is slightly over half of the total time, depending on the number of questions in the writing part. You receive a topic, typically 2 to 3 sentences long, and your task is to compose a persuasive or argumentative essay on it. Each PTE essay question allows 20 minutes for your response. Usually, there is one essay question in the PTE test, but occasionally, you might encounter two questions. Stay calm; you are required to tackle both questions.

Exploring PTE Essay Types

The PTE writing test presents various essay types, each requiring a unique approach. Understanding these types is fundamental for effective preparation. The essay types include:

Argument: Present a viewpoint on a specific issue, supported by evidence and reasoning.

Describe: Illustrate a particular situation, object, or process in detail.

Respond to a question: Answer a provided question with clarity and coherence.

Advantages or Disadvantages: Evaluate the positive and negative aspects of a given topic.

Also Read: PTE Retell Lecture Template To Ace Your Speaking Test

PTE Writing Essay Scoring

Scoring in the PTE essay section is based on several factors, including Content, Form , grammar, General linguistic, vocabulary, spelling and overall Development, Structure & Coherence . Familiarizing yourself with the scoring criteria is essential for crafting essays that meet the test requirements.

Unlocking the Best PTE Essay Writing Template

Now, let’s unlock the secrets of the best PTE essay writing template. A well-structured template serves as a roadmap, ensuring your essay is organized, logical, and addresses all aspects of the prompt.

Essay Template:

One of the prevailing trends in contemporary society is the sudden surge in the assertion that _<Essay Statement>_ . This essay aims to explore the pros and cons of the above statement, which is closely tied to the notion that _<Essay Statement>_ , employing a practical perspective.

To start with, there are numerous arguments supporting my position. Among them, a crucial point not only entails societal improvement but also encompasses the positive development of individuals worldwide. Other aspects influenced by this topic include _<Keyword 1>_, _<Keyword 2>_, and _<Keyword 3>_. The myriad benefits associated with this perspective not only contribute to personal success and effectiveness but also enhance efficiency, productivity, and overall quality of life with remarkable efficacy and convenience.

Another pivotal aspect of the above statement is its potential to foster flourishing, progress, and excellence across various fields and disciplines. Consequently, considerations of _<Keyword 4>_, _<Keyword 5>_, and _<Keyword 6>_ are also integral to the overall assessment. Additionally, adherence to such a system is essential for individuals to broaden their horizons, refine skills, and cultivate qualities like commitment, dedication, and perseverance. Therefore, it is apparent why many endorse the idea that _<Essay Statement>_ .

In conclusion, I believe that the concerned authority is commendably taking proactive measures to educate the stakeholders about the adverse consequences of the statement that _<Essay Statement>_ . All stakeholders are being urged to comply with relevant laws, rules, and regulations to foster prosperity, productivity, efficiency, and a positive global environment.

How to Use PTE Essay Template?

First, get the ‘ Essay Statement ’ from the question. You can get 90-100% of the ‘ Essay Statement ’ from the given question. So, don’t worry about it.

Question: “ Acquiring knowledge of past events holds no worth for us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree?”

Essay Statement: “ Acquiring knowledge of past events holds no worth for us living in the present. ”

Question: “A few believe in relishing their earnings in the present , while others advocate for saving for a future time . What is your opinion?”

Essay Statement: “ Relishing earnings in the present instead of saving for a future time .” [look at the statement yourself, and see what is different from the question.]

Question: “The environment holds significance. Is it more beneficial for children to be brought up in the countryside than in a large city ? To what extent do you agree with this statement?”

Essay Statement: “ It is more beneficial for children to be brought up in the countryside than in a large city ” [converted the question into a normal sentence]

Now, find out 5-7 keywords related to the ‘ Essay Statement ’. It will be better if the half (2 to 3) of the keywords are about pros and the other half (2 to 3) are about cons. That’s it!

Essay Statement: “Acquiring knowledge of past events holds no worth for us living in the present.”

Preventing mistakes
Gaining wisdom
Informed decision
Selective bias
Time-consuming
Irrelevance risk

Essay Statement: “Relishing earnings in the present instead of saving for a future time.”

Immediate joy
Spontaneous fun
Memorable moments
Future security
Financial stability
Risk mitigation

Essay Statement: “It is more beneficial for children to be brought up in the countryside than in a large city.”

Simpler lifestyle
Community bond
Cleaner air
Isolation risk
Job opportunities
Limited options

Step 3: Finally, we’ll just fill up the blanks appropriately. We will do this the ‘Example of usage’ section.

Also Read: PTE Describe Image Template and Strategies to Achieve High Score

Sample Answer for PTE Essay Question Answer-1

Example 1: “Acquiring knowledge of past events holds no worth for us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree?” Example Answer:

One of the prevailing trends in contemporary society is the sudden surge in the assertion that acquiring knowledge of past events holds no worth for us living in the present [essay statement]. This essay aims to explore the pros and cons of the above statement, which is closely tied to the notion that acquiring knowledge of past events holds no worth for us living in the present , employing a practical perspective. To start with, there are numerous arguments supporting my position. Among them, a crucial point not only entails societal improvement but also encompasses the positive development of individuals worldwide. Other aspects influenced by this topic include preventing mistakes, gaining wisdom, and informed decision [keywords 1, 2, and 3]. The myriad benefits associated with this perspective not only contribute to personal success and effectiveness but also enhance efficiency, productivity, and overall quality of life with remarkable efficacy and convenience. Another pivotal aspect of the above statement is its potential to foster flourishing, progress, and excellence across various fields and disciplines. Consequently, considerations of selective bias, time-consuming, and irrelevance risk [keywords 4, 5, and 6] are also integral to the overall assessment. Additionally, adherence to such a system is essential for individuals to broaden their horizons, refine skills, and cultivate qualities like commitment, dedication, and perseverance. Therefore, it is apparent why many endorse the idea that acquiring knowledge of past events holds no worth for us living in the present . In conclusion, I believe that the concerned authority is commendably taking proactive measures to educate the stakeholders about the adverse consequences of the statement that acquiring knowledge of past events holds no worth for us living in the present . All stakeholders are being urged to comply with relevant laws, rules, and regulations to foster prosperity, productivity, efficiency, and a positive global environment.

Sample Answer for PTE Essay Question Answer-2

“A few believe in relishing their earnings in the present, while others advocate for saving for a future time. What is your opinion?” Example Answer:

One of the prevailing trends in contemporary society is the sudden surge in the assertion that relishing earnings in the present instead of saving for a future time [essay statement]. This essay aims to explore the pros and cons of the above statement, which is closely tied to the notion that relishing earnings in the present instead of saving for a future time , employing a practical perspective. To start with, there are numerous arguments supporting my position. Among them, a crucial point not only entails societal improvement but also encompasses the positive development of individuals worldwide. Other aspects influenced by this topic include immediate joy, spontaneous fun, and memorable moments [keywords 1, 2, and 3]. The myriad benefits associated with this perspective not only contribute to personal success and effectiveness but also enhance efficiency, productivity, and overall quality of life with remarkable efficacy and convenience. Another pivotal aspect of the above statement is its potential to foster flourishing, progress, and excellence across various fields and disciplines. Consequently, considerations of future security, financial stability, and risk mitigation [keywords 4, 5, and 6] are also integral to the overall assessment. Additionally, adherence to such a system is essential for individuals to broaden their horizons, refine skills, and cultivate qualities like commitment, dedication, and perseverance. Therefore, it is apparent why many endorse the idea that relishing earnings in the present instead of saving for a future time . In conclusion, I believe that the concerned authority is commendably taking proactive measures to educate the stakeholders about the adverse consequences of the statement that relishing earnings in the present instead of saving for a future time . All stakeholders are being urged to comply with relevant laws, rules, and regulations to foster prosperity, productivity, efficiency, and a positive global environment.

Sample Answer for PTE Essay Question Answer-3

Example 3:

“The environment holds significance. Is it more beneficial for children to be brought up in the countryside than in a large city? To what extent do you agree with this statement?” Example Answer: Try it yourself.

You can also practice PTE essay writing questions in One PTE for free.

In conclusion, mastering the art of PTE essay writing is achievable with the right strategy. By understanding the test format, scoring guidelines, and utilizing the best PTE essay writing template, you can significantly enhance your chances of scoring a full mark.

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PTE Academic Writing Unveiled: Your Comprehensive Guide

Your comprehensive guide to the writing section.

Mastering the PTE Writing section isn't just about writing; it's about comprehending, analyzing, and articulating thoughts in a structured and clear manner. Let MarvelPTE guide you through this journey to excel in your PTE Academic exam.

Are you aiming to conquer the PTE Academic Writing section? At MarvelPTE, we understand the intricacies of this critical component of the PTE Academic exam. Writing in the PTE Academic is more than just stringing words together; it's about crafting responses that demonstrate your proficiency in English writing skills.

This article, brought to you by MarvelPTE's expert educators, offers an in-depth exploration of the PTE Writing Section. Here, we'll uncover the essentials of PTE writing tasks, delve into effective strategies, and provide insights that can transform your approach to academic writing. Join us as we unravel the secrets to excelling in the PTE Academic Writing Section.

In the realm of PTE Academic, the Writing section stands as a pivotal challenge for many aspirants. At MarvelPTE, we recognize its significance in assessing a candidate's ability to construct coherent and compelling written English. This section, comprising tasks like Summarize Written Text and Write Essay, is not just about grammatical accuracy or rich vocabulary; it's a test of one's ability to articulate ideas effectively and adhere to academic writing norms.

Our focus here is to demystify the PTE Academic Writing section. We aim to provide a clear understanding of what this section entails, its structure, and the skills it evaluates. This discussion is essential for students to grasp the expectations of this section, helping them to align their preparation strategies accordingly. Our objective is not to delve into specific strategies but to offer a foundational comprehension that can serve as a springboard for effective study and practice.

Introduction to PTE Writing Section

Overview of pte academic writing section.

The PTE Academic Writing section, a critical component of the PTE exam, assesses a candidate's proficiency in written English. This section, divided into two distinct task types - Summarize Written Text and Write Essay, challenges students to articulate their thoughts concisely and coherently. It's not merely about grammar and vocabulary; it's about the ability to structure ideas logically and clearly. At MarvelPTE, we emphasize the importance of understanding the underlying principles of these tasks to achieve excellence in this section.

Importance in PTE Exam Structure

The Writing section's significance in the PTE Academic exam cannot be overstated. It's designed to mirror real-life academic writing situations, thus preparing students for the demands of academic environments. This section contributes significantly to the overall score, with integrated scoring linking it to the Reading section. Mastery in this area not only boosts scores but also enhances academic writing skills, which are essential for success in an English-speaking academic setting.

Understanding the Structure of PTE Writing Section

The writing question types: summarize written text.

Overview and Objectives:

The ' Summarize Written Text ' task in PTE Academic Writing assesses a candidate's ability to comprehend, analyze, and concisely present the main ideas from a given text.
It challenges students to distill complex information into a single, coherent summary, typically within a limited word count.

Scoring Elements:

This task is scored based on key criteria: content coverage, form, grammar, vocabulary, and spelling.
MarvelPTE's coaching emphasizes these elements, helping students understand how to balance comprehensive content representation with linguistic precision.

Time Allotment for the Task:

Each 'Summarize Written Text' question is allocated a strict 10-minute time frame.
Effective time management is crucial, a skill that MarvelPTE's training programs and practice tools aim to enhance.

Key Strategies for Summarize Written Text Task

A student at MarvelPTE once summarized a complex article about climate change. By focusing on the central argument and supporting points, using precise language, and adhering to the word limit, the student successfully captured the essence of the text within the time constraint.

Breakdown of the Writing Question Types: Write Essay

The ' Write Essay ' task in the PTE Academic Writing section is designed to evaluate a candidate's ability to develop a coherent argument in response to a prompt.
The objective is to assess the ability to organize ideas, present an argument, and use language effectively.
Essays are evaluated on several criteria, including development, structure, coherence, grammar, vocabulary, and spelling.
MarvelPTE places significant emphasis on these areas, providing expert guidance to help students meet and exceed these criteria.
Candidates are allotted 20 minutes to plan, write, and revise each essay.
Time management is a critical skill taught in MarvelPTE's coaching programs, ensuring students can effectively articulate their ideas within this time frame.

Essential Components for a High-Scoring Essay

A MarvelPTE student crafted an essay on environmental sustainability. By effectively organizing their argument, using a diverse vocabulary, and maintaining grammatical precision, the student not only addressed the topic comprehensively but also demonstrated advanced writing skills.

Key Features of PTE Writing Tasks

Role of templates and creativity in writing tasks.

Templates are a powerful tool in the PTE Academic Writing section, particularly in the "Write Essay" task. They provide a structured approach, ensuring that students cover all necessary points and maintain coherence.
However, at MarvelPTE, we emphasize the importance of blending templates with creativity. It's crucial to modify and adapt templates to fit the specific essay prompt, showing the student's ability to think critically and creatively.
Balancing template usage with original thought is key. This approach not only streamlines the writing process but also showcases a student's personal voice and analytical skills.

Integrated Scoring System and its Impact on Other Sections

The PTE Writing section is intricately linked with other sections of the exam through an integrated scoring system. This means the skills demonstrated in the Writing section can influence score in Reading section.
MarvelPTE’s unique teaching methodology focuses on this interconnectivity. We train students to understand how their writing skills can enhance their overall performance in the exam.
For instance, the clarity and accuracy in writing responses directly contribute to the Reading section's score, emphasizing the need for well-structured and grammatically correct submissions.

The Influence of Integrated Scoring in PTE

Scoring Criteria and Algorithm

Explanation of pte's scoring methodology.

PTE Academic employs a unique scoring algorithm, which evaluates not just the correctness of responses but also their quality.
In the Writing section, this involves a detailed analysis of linguistic elements like grammar, vocabulary, and spelling, as well as the relevance and coherence of the content.

Importance of Task Difficulty and Average Scores

The complexity of the writing task plays a crucial role in scoring. More challenging tasks tend to have a higher impact on the final score.
Additionally, the algorithm adjusts scores based on the average performance of test-takers, ensuring a fair and balanced assessment.

How Scores Relate to Skill Assessment

PTE's scoring algorithm intricately links writing scores to other skills. For instance, the clarity of expression in the Writing section can influence the scores in the Reading section.
This integrated scoring system highlights the importance of strong writing skills not only for the Writing section but for overall language proficiency.

Overview of PTE Writing Scoring Criteria

Integration with Other PTE Sections

Writing section's contribution to reading scores.

The Writing section in PTE Academic uniquely contributes to the Reading Section . This integration is based on the principle that effective writing requires comprehension and synthesis of reading material.
At MarvelPTE, we highlight the interdependent nature of these skills. By excelling in writing tasks, students indirectly showcase their reading comprehension abilities, thus enhancing their overall reading scores.

Receiving Marks from Reading and Listening Sections

Interestingly, the Writing section also benefits from the Reading and Listening Sections . This reciprocal relationship emphasizes the holistic nature of language skills assessed in PTE Academic.
For instance, the ability to accurately summarize spoken text not only tests listening skills but also reflects the ability to coherently express these ideas in writing.
MarvelPTE’s training programs focus on this interconnectedness, preparing students to excel across all sections, thereby maximizing their cumulative score.

Preparation Tips

Importance of practice and familiarity with question types.

Consistent practice and thorough familiarity with various question types are pivotal in mastering the Writing section of the PTE Academic exam.
MarvelPTE’s coaching modules are designed to immerse students in diverse writing scenarios, replicating actual exam conditions for enhanced familiarity.

Relevance of Previous Question-items and Memorization

An often-overlooked aspect of PTE preparation is the importance of revisiting previous question-items and memorization.
MarvelPTE’s resources include a repository of past questions and model answers, facilitating students to recognize patterns, understand expectations, and build a strategic approach to writing tasks.

Benefits of MarvelPTE's Writing Preparation Strategies

MarvelPTE's comprehensive coaching and advanced online software are designed to provide an edge in PTE preparation. Our focused approach not only prepares students for the Writing section but also enhances their overall English proficiency, making them well-rounded candidates for the PTE Academic exam and beyond.

Actionable Tips to Excel in PTE Academic's Writing

Practice Regularly: Dedicate consistent time to practice writing tasks, focusing on both Summarize Written Text and Write Essay formats.
Utilize Templates Wisely: Learn to integrate templates with your unique style for the Write Essay task, ensuring originality and relevance.
Focus on Time Management: Develop the skill to allocate appropriate time for planning, writing, and revising within the given time frame.

Mastering the Writing section in PTE Academic is a journey of enhancing your English language skills holistically. It's not just about writing; it's about comprehending, analyzing, and articulating thoughts in a structured and clear manner. MarvelPTE's coaching institute and our state-of-the-art online software are designed to guide you through this journey. Our comprehensive approach ensures you are well-equipped to tackle the writing challenges and excel in the PTE Academic exam. Following the Writing module, you will progress to the Reading section , where templates are not permitted for use.

With MarvelPTE, gain access to an extensive library of practice materials, personalized coaching, and an AI-based evaluation platform that offers real-time feedback. Our methods are tailored to help you understand the nuances of the PTE Writing section and to improve your overall language proficiency.

Take the first step towards PTE success with MarvelPTE. Visit our website, explore our resources, and enroll in our courses to transform your PTE preparation experience. Join us now and unlock your potential to achieve outstanding results in PTE Academic.

Frequently Asked Questions

Summarize Written Text: Condensing a passage into a one-sentence summary.
Write Essay: Crafting an essay based on a given prompt.
Structured Approach: Using templates for essays while incorporating originality.
Time Management: Allocating specific times for planning, writing, and reviewing.
Practice regularly to familiarize yourself with task types.
Enhance your vocabulary and grammar skills.
Learn to manage your time efficiently during the test.

Reet, a seasoned PTE Teacher at MarvelPTE, boasts global teaching prowess and tailored strategies for PTE aspirants. With an M.S. in Bioinformatics, her scientific approach merges with a deep understanding of English exams, making her an invaluable asset to Marvel PTE's students and team.

PTE SCORING
PTE VOUCHER
REPEAT SENTENCE
DESCRIBE IMAGE
RETELL LECTURE
SUMMARIZE WRITTEN TEXT
FILL IN THE BLANKS
REORDER PARAGRAPH
SUMMARIZE SPOKEN TEXT
LISTENING TASKS
READING-WRITING FIBS
READING FIBS
ADELAIDE MARKETS
SA ATTRACTIONS

PTE Essay Writing | Universal Templates and Methods

Hi everyone! Welcome back. In this post I am going to explain how to write an essay, which is the second task in PTE writing section. I will explain how to write the essay using the template as well as a key strategy that will make much easier to write an accurate and a high scoring essay.

The most important thing to understand about the PTE essay writing task is that it needs to be written according to the PTE-specific format . With this in mind, I would like to share you with some strategies, which help you to organise written ideas in a clear, logical and grammatical way and improve your essay score .

Just a quick look on what we are going to cover, we will see how to Understand the task Scoring structure Different types of Essays One universal template for all type of Essays. And on top of that instead of using the template, we will see how to Use the method Few tips and strategies to avoid mistakes.

PTE Writing Essay with different types: Agree or disagree, discuss two opinions, causes and effects, problems and solutions with templates.

Understand the PTE Essay writing task

Let us understand the task first. As per Pearson the word limit should be between 200 to 300 but the recommended word limit is between 230 to 260 words. Sometimes you may get 1 or 2 essays in PTE writing. Each question has 2 to 3 sentences.

20 minutes to write an essay. Make a plan to think about the ideas, write the essay and then allocate some time to review it. Spend atleast 3 to 5 minutes to review in order to check the spellings, grammar and correct the sentences if required. This task contributes only for writing section.

Use cut, copy, paste buttons on the screen instead of keyboard shortcuts – we have already discussed this in SWT. Don’t use keyboard shortcuts as it will not work properly. Use the one which is shown in the screen.

Scoring structure

This task contributes 11.2 marks. It is scored based on our ability to write a convincing essay on the given topic. And it affects the scoring of grammar, spelling, vocabulary and written discourse. Also the score is awarded based on the below factors.

Content Content is scored by determining if all aspects of the topic have been addressed in your response. If your essay does not address the topic, you will not receive any score points for your essay on any of the factors, which we are discussing now. Your essay will be scored zero in PTE writing section. Also you have to support any arguments with details, examples and explanations.

Development, structure and coherence These are scored according to the organization of your response. Make sure the essay writing in PTE contains an introduction, two body paragraphs and a conclusion that relate to the topic of the essay. Within the paragraphs, ideas should be clearly presented and supported with details, examples and explanations. Transitions between paragraphs must be smooth.

Form Scored by counting the number of words in your response. You will receive full credit if your essay in PTE writing section is between 200 and 300 words. Writing less than 200 words or more than 300 words will decrease your score. Zero marks will be given for all the factors if your essay contains less than 120 words or more than 380 words.

General linguistic range This is scored if you accurately communicate your ideas. Provide clear descriptions to highlight key ideas without any doubt and ensure clear communication. And use complex sentences rather than using simple sentence structures and use academic vocabularies appropriately. These are all give full credits to your response.

Grammar, Vocabulary and Spelling Grammar is scored by examining sentence structure, punctuation and capital letters wherever is required. Use variety of academic words. And use synonyms in the introduction to paraphrase the topic sentence. But avoid repetition of same words. Most importantly PTE Academic recognizes English spelling conventions from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada. But use only one spelling convention consistently in all your responses. Don’t mix the spelling content from different countries. This is very important point to be noted.

PTE Essay Writing prompts

These are the different types of essay in PTE writing section that we get in the test.

Agree or disagree Discuss about the topic and state your points as why you agree or why you disagree. If the question is about agree or disagree such as, Is the fast food good for health or not? You can mention some points on why it is bad for health in first paragraph and how it benefits for lower income people in second paragraph and conclude with your statement on one side. This will give clear picture of the topic with many supporting points.

Discuss two opinions You have to talk about two sides of the argument in paragraph1 and paragraph2 and say which one is best in the conclusion. Talk on both the sides so that you will get lot of points.

Causes and Effects For example, why people like travelling and what are the effects when they travel such as tasting different food, experiencing different culture.

Problems and Solutions

Advantages and disadvantages.

We will see each type of essay in PTE writing with examples using the same template for all type of essays.

PTE Essay Writing Universal Template

One of the conspicuous trends of today’s world is a colossal upsurge in the number of people believing that <negative point of the topic> . There is a widespread worry that this will lead to a myriad of concerns in one’s life. However, I do not entirely accept this and I will explain why in this essay. There are a number of arguments in favor of my stance. Most preponderant one is that <positive point of the topic> and there are numerous other benefits in various fields. Thanks to the wide range of advantages it offers, not only one benefit more when it comes to being effective, but they can enhance productivity and quality of their lives, with much ease, efficacy, and convenience. Needless to say, all these merits stand one in good stead, as far as augmenting the chances of prosperity and excellence is concerned. Another pivotal factor in the aforementioned proposition is that it is only likely to help one thrive and excel in varied areas. Besides, when only one follows such a system, can they broaden their horizons, thus learning such attributes as dedication and perseverance. Hence, it is apparent why many are in favor of <positive key point> . In the views of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the benefits of <positive key point> are indeed too great to ignore.

This is one universal template, which we can use for any type of essays. Start with an introduction, two body paragraphs and conclusion at the end. Again, with this template you can get 79+ but you have to make sure that the other writing tasks should be attended well without any mistakes. Don’t worry about the different prompts such as agree or disagree or advantages or disadvantages, you can use the same template for all types of essays. Using this template you can score in grammar, spelling, vocabulary and written discourse as well.

Now we will see example for each type of essays.

Agree or disagree

Big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. Do you agree or disagree? Provide relevant examples if necessary. Here they have directly given as agree or disagree. Sometimes they will not mention this and we have to identify by understanding the topic. Always mention the negative side of the topic in the first paragraph. Some contradicting point relevant to the main idea in the second paragraphs and supporting points in the subsequent paragraphs..

Using Template One of the conspicuous trends of today’s world is a colossal upsurge in the number of people believing that low salary is more disadvantageous . There is a widespread worry that this will lead to a myriad of concerns in one’s life. However, I do not entirely accept this and I will explain why in this essay. There are a number of arguments in favor of my stance. Most preponderant one is that job satisfaction gives people a sense of fulfillment and there are numerous other benefits in various fields. Thanks to the wide range of advantages it offers, not only one benefit more when it comes to being effective, but they can enhance productivity and quality of their lives, with much ease, efficacy, and convenience. Needless to say, all these merits stand one in good stead, as far as augmenting the chances of prosperity and excellence is concerned. Another pivotal factor in the aforementioned proposition is that it is only likely to help one thrive and excel in varied areas. Besides, when only one follows such a system, can they broaden their horizons, thus learning such attributes as dedication and perseverance. Hence, it is apparent why many are in favor of job satisfaction . In the views of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the benefits of job satisfaction are indeed too great to ignore.

Here, there is a widespread worry and leads to a concern. People are worrying that low salary is a concern. However, I do not entirely accept because low salary is fine for me as long as I get job satisfaction. Please make a note of this point. Since we are not agreeing, always mention the negative point in the introduction and the contradicting point should be positive in body paragraph1. In this way, you can follow the same template for any essay in PTE writing. Also you will not go out of the topic.

Big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. I am going to mention low salary is disadvantage instead of big salary is advantage. Because I am going to support points for job satisfaction. Big salary is not important for me compared to job satisfaction. Therefore, I am mentioning big salary as negative point. Myriad – is an academic vocabulary. We have enough vocabularies in this template like this.

There are number of arguments in favour of my stance. Most preponderant one is that job satisfaction… here job satisfaction is a contradicting point to low salary. Wide range of advantages, benefit, broaden their horizons – These are all supporting points to this sentence. Hence it is apparent why many are in favour of job satisfaction. In conclusion also job satisfaction are indeed too great to ignore. After replacing the points just read the entire essay once again to make sure that the points are fit to the template in terms of content and grammar. And also check the spelling mistakes if any. Here we are getting 227 words and it is totally fine.

Discuss two opinions

Some people point that experiential learning can work well in formal education. However, others think a traditional form of teaching is the best. Do you think experiential learning can work well in high schools or colleges?

What type of essay is this? ‘Experiential learning and traditional form of teaching’. So two points mentioned here and ‘Do you think’ is asking our opinion. So discuss two opinions is the prompt.

Again mention which one you don’t support in the introduction paragraph, but negatively. People believing that experiential learning is best compared to traditional way of education. Here I am mentioning traditional way of education is not the best as negatively. And it is mentioned as concern to people but I am not accepting it. I am supporting experiential learning is the best. Hence, mention some points of experiential learning in body paragraph1. In body paragraph2, it is apparent why many are in favour of experiential learning and even in conclusion as well. Read the entire essay once for proofreading.

Using Template One of the conspicuous trends of today’s world is a colossal upsurge in the number of people believing that experiential learning is best compared to traditional way of education . There is a widespread worry that this will lead to a myriad of concerns in one’s life. However, I do not entirely accept this and I will explain why in this essay. There are a number of arguments in favor of my stance. Most preponderant one is that experiential way of learning provides practical knowledge and there are numerous other benefits in various fields. Thanks to the wide range of advantages it offers, not only one benefit more when it comes to being effective, but they can enhance productivity and quality of their lives, with much ease, efficacy, and convenience. Needless to say, all these merits stand one in good stead, as far as augmenting the chances of prosperity and excellence is concerned. Another pivotal factor in the aforementioned proposition is that it is only likely to help one thrive and excel in varied areas. Besides, when only one follows such a system, can they broaden their horizons, thus learning such attributes as dedication and perseverance. Hence, it is apparent why many are in favor of experiential learning . In the views of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the benefits of experiential learning are indeed too great to ignore.

Some universities deduct students’ marks if work is given late. What is your opinion and recommend some alternative actions for this problem?

Here it is mentioned as problem and asking for solution. Recommend some alternative actions – solution. So it should be problems and solutions. Negative point of the topic – already the topic itself has some negative point – Deduct students’ marks. Mention it in introduction.

People believing that some universities reduce students’ marks for late submission of their assignments. Is this a concern? No I do not entirely accept this. Because students learn to manage time. Here it is not necessary to provide new solution. Time management is the solution here. Remember that we can write an essay in PTE writing section using many different ideas. But the structure and relevant information are the key to score more points. In body paragraph2, it is in favour of time management and in conclusion as well.

Using Template One of the conspicuous trends of today’s world is a colossal upsurge in the number of people believing that some universities reduce students’ marks for late submission of their assignments . There is a widespread worry that this will lead to a myriad of concerns in one’s life. However, I do not entirely accept this and I will explain why in this essay. There are a number of arguments in favor of my stance. Most preponderant one is that students learn how to manage time and there are numerous other benefits in various fields. Thanks to the wide range of advantages it offers, not only one benefit more when it comes to being effective, but they can enhance productivity and quality of their lives, with much ease, efficacy, and convenience. Needless to say, all these merits stand one in good stead, as far as augmenting the chances of prosperity and excellence is concerned. Another pivotal factor in the aforementioned proposition is that it is only likely to help one thrive and excel in varied areas. Besides, when only one follows such a system, can they broaden their horizons, thus learning such attributes as dedication and perseverance. Hence, it is apparent why many are in favor of time management . In the views of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the benefits of time management are indeed too great to ignore.

Causes and Effects

The time people devote in job leaves very little time for personal life. How widespread is the problem? What problem will this shortage of time cause?

Here also there is a problem statement but here solution is not asked. What effects will this problem can create? So causes and effects is the prompt here. Shortage of time for personal life leads to many family problems – negative side of the topic.

Explain why this is not a problem – in long term perspective one can achieve high standard of living, variations in lifestyle, luxurious life with the family – these are the effects, positive effects. There are negative effects as well such as disputes among families, stress and depression due to lot of work but that is not required to mention. And in body paragraph2, mention why many are in favour of – spending less time for family. Same point in conclusion as well.

Using Template One of the conspicuous trends of today’s world is a colossal upsurge in the number of people believing that shortage of time for personal life leads to many family problems . There is a widespread worry that this will lead to a myriad of concerns in one’s life. However, I do not entirely accept this and I will explain why in this essay. There are a number of arguments in favor of my stance. Most preponderant one is that in long term perspective one can achieve high standard of living, variations in lifestyle, luxurious life with the family and there are numerous other benefits in various fields. Thanks to the wide range of advantages it offers, not only one benefit more when it comes to being effective, but they can enhance productivity and quality of their lives, with much ease, efficacy, and convenience. Needless to say, all these merits stand one in good stead, as far as augmenting the chances of prosperity and excellence is concerned. Another pivotal factor in the aforementioned proposition is that it is only likely to help one thrive and excel in varied areas. Besides, when only one follows such a system, can they broaden their horizons, thus learning such attributes as dedication and perseverance. Hence, it is apparent why many are in favor of spending less time for family . In the views of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the benefits of spending less time for family are indeed too great to ignore.

With the increase of digital media available online, the role of the library has become obsolete. Universities should only procure digital media rather than constantly updating textbooks. Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages.

So we have to discuss both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of digital media outweighs drawbacks in library is the negative point. So the contradicting point is digital media provides latest information in one click. Therefore, many are in favour of digital media. Simple.

Using Template One of the conspicuous trends of today’s world is a colossal upsurge in the number of people believing that advantages of digital media outweighs the drawbacks of traditional way of reading in the library . There is a widespread worry that this will lead to a myriad of concerns in one’s life. However, I do not entirely accept this and I will explain why in this essay. There are a number of arguments in favor of my stance. Most preponderant one is that digital media provides more latest information in just one click and there are numerous other benefits in various fields. Thanks to the wide range of advantages it offers, not only one benefit more when it comes to being effective, but they can enhance productivity and quality of their lives, with much ease, efficacy, and convenience. Needless to say, all these merits stand one in good stead, as far as augmenting the chances of prosperity and excellence is concerned. Another pivotal factor in the aforementioned proposition is that it is only likely to help one thrive and excel in varied areas. Besides, when only one follows such a system, can they broaden their horizons, thus learning such attributes as dedication and perseverance. Hence, it is apparent why many are in favor of digital media . In the views of the arguments outlined above, one can conclude that the benefits of digital media are indeed too great to ignore.

So this is how we can use the same template for all types of essays. Read the topic, write the template quickly in the textbox and then modify the topic sentence and supporting points. Finally verify if everything is correct. However if you still have dilemma whether you can use the template or not, you can use the method, which we will discuss now. Before moving on to the method, we will quickly see some tips and strategies to avoid any mistakes and utilize the 20 minutes time wisely.

PTE Essay Writing Tips and Strategies

Before you start writing, you need to plan what you are going to write. Read the topic and plan your ideas in the first 2 minutes. Gather some relevant points, your experience related to the topic and some supporting points if any. Take 15 minutes to write and review in the last 3 minutes. This will save you from having to stop and restart from the beginning. Check the grammar and spelling mistakes if any. You have to read the entire essay, word by word to make sure error free text and get full points in grammar and spelling.

Always use the structure and limit the number of lines. Introduction, 2 body paragraphs and a conclusion. This will do to write around 230 to 260 words, which is more than enough. But how will you check if you will be able to complete your essay in PTE writing within the word limit. Though you can see the word count at the bottom, even when you complete the first body paragraph itself, sometimes you will be reaching around 180 to 200 words. Therefore, limit the number of lines for each paragraph as mentioned below.

Introduction – not more than 2 lines. Body paragraphs – 3 and 1/2 to 4 lines each. Conclusion – 1 to 1 and 1/2 lines.

This itself will bring you around 270 words. Here I am just talking about the number of lines based on the textbox given in the PTE test. In each line we can write around 25 to 30 words. Therefore, for 10 lines we can easily get around 260 to 270 words. Don’t write many points in body paragraph1 itself. Then you need to reduce your points in paragraph2. If you reach up to 4 sentences in first paragraph then complete the sentence and start writing the next paragraph. Believe me! You can save much time if you follow this strategy.

Avoid very long sentences. The more you extend your sentences, the more likely you will be to make grammar and punctuation errors. Make it simple and clear. Use complex sentences though but not very big sentences. Build your vocabulary skill by reading newspapers or hearing BBC news channel without video. Hear only the audio news to concentrate more.

Let us see how you have to structure your essay using the method.

PTE Essay Writing Method

Even in the method as well, you have to stick to the structure to get more points in written discourse. Always start with introduction, 2 body paragraphs and a conclusion.

Introduction Let us have a look on how to write the introduction. For introduction, just paraphrase the topic sentence and add a supporting point. You can start the introduction as, It is often argued that, It is commonly believed that etc.

Body Paragraph1 Start the first body paragraph as To begin with, First of all or Firstly. And then continue the paragraph with supporting points using Secondly and Finally.

Body Paragraph2 Start the second paragraph with Nevertheless or However with some contradicting points for the first paragraph and mention how it can be resolved. You can also extend your second paragraph by supporting the paragraph1 instead of arguing against it using Moreover or Furthermore.

In addition, support your points with some examples. You can include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. Start the example using For instance, To illustrate, In my own experience etc. If you support your points with examples, you will get more points to add and you can easily make it relevant to the topic.

Conclusion Finally, write the conclusion as In conclusion or To conclude, and mention which statement is most convincing to support the topic sentence.

Each of these paragraphs need only a few sentences to clearly get your point. And finally proofread your content to make sure you don’t do any spelling or grammar mistakes. Now we will see how to use the method for this topic. We have already seen this example using template. Apply all the points that we discussed now.

Big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. Do you agree or disagree? Provide relevant examples if necessary.

Use the below structure.

It is often argued that First of all, For example, Secondly, For instance, Thus, In conclusion,

Using Method It is often argued that it is more advantageous to choose a job with high wage, even if it does not appeal to you at all. I completely disagree with this opinion and think that job satisfaction is much more important than salary. First of all, I believe that job satisfaction gives people a sense of fulfillment that no money can guarantee. Even if someone is earning a high salary but feels tensed, this person would not enjoy his life. While pursuing one’s interests will always bring pleasure and feeling of satisfaction. For example, a lot of famous researchers made their career choices not because of appealing wages, but because they were passionate about science. That is why it is more important to choose the kind of work that makes you happy than to look only at a high salary. Secondly, doing what you like keeps you motivated and therefore leads to a career growth. In other words, there is a strong relation between job satisfaction and productivity. People who love their jobs can easily excel in their fields of work than those, who put salary on the first place. For instance, in my company many people are working for more than 25 years despite a good wage. Consequently, others moved out for high salary but struggling to achieve better results. Thus, advantages of jobs that keep you satisfied outweigh the drawback of low salary in a long-term perspective. In conclusion, I strongly believe that job satisfaction is more beneficial than high salary because it makes people happy and motivated.

So this is how it should be. Paraphrase the introduction – instead of more important you can mention as more advantageous. Don’t use abbreviations and colloquial language. Always expand the words and maintain academic English. Here I am disagreeing the statement of big salary, adding points for job satisfaction and the supporting points with examples using my own experience and then the conclusion part. Here I did not use much vocabularies but use atleast few words. So this is how we can use the method. And don’t forget to proofread your essay.

Allow one space between each paragraph. This is not mandatory but leaving one space will be good to show the completion of the paragraph. And you can use delete or backspace button anytime. That is not a problem. You can correct your content until you write error free essay. You can paste this sample in pte.tools to check how many lines we will get for 260 words in the real exam. 1 and 1/2 lines for introduction, 3 to 4 lines for body paragraphs and 1 line for conclusion and we got 260 words. This is how you can limit the number of words based on number of lines.

Sentences to increase the word count

Here are some sentences that I have gathered from some sample essays. This helps to bring you some ideas related to the topic using which you can build your own points. I always add two or more sentences from this list in my essays, which save my time while thinking about the ideas.

Helps the country’s economy to be stable.
The research is quite possibly biased on one side.
It is the government that needs to take measures to ameliorate such problems.
Admittedly, this may be cumbersome to administer, however, an attempt could be made to get it off the ground.
Attempts should be made to redress the imbalance.
It is often the case that people would rather not use.
I would argue there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that this is not the case, and, therefore, steps must be taken to improve it.
Which socio-economic group consumes more (either lower income people or wealthier people).
Governments offer large subsidies to farmers.
It is destroying traditional forms of communication such as letter writing, telephone and face-to-face conversation.
The children accessing unsuitable websites and viruses is inevitable.
An ocean of opportunities.
In conclusion, despite the fact that there are benefits.

Brush up these sentences before going to the exam and try to remember as much as possible.

That’s all I have for essays. Use the 20 minutes time wisely for understanding the topic and plan your ideas in the first 2 minutes, write the essay within 13 to 15 minutes, review and correct it in the last 3 minutes. Also, write only a maximum of 10 lines. Introduction – 2 lines, body paragraphs – 3 to 4 lines each and conclusion – 1 to 1 and 1/2 lines. Along with checking on the word count, you can count the lines and structure your essay in this way.

Paraphrase the topic in the introduction, highlight the supporting points and contradicting points in body paragraphs with some examples in your own experience and then conclude with some solution or on one side of the topic depends upon what type of topic that you get. Remember that anyone can write the essay within the given timeframe if they have the right tools. I hope with these information, writing an essay will be very easy for you. Thank you for reading my post till the end.

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PTE Essay Writing- Scoring Pattern & Structure

Updated on
Feb 3, 2023

PTE Essay Writing- Scoring Pattern & Structure

The PTE exam is divided into four parts: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Essay writing is one of the most challenging parts of the writing section. The PTE essay writing task is designed to assess your language, grammar, vocabulary, and written communication skills. As a result, it’s critical that you grasp a good knowledge of the PTE Essay Writing- Scoring Pattern & Structure and know how to attempt it before taking the exam.

Essay writing can be one of the most difficult tasks that send chills down the spines of test takers. This is true not just for non-native speakers, but also for native speakers. Writing a 300-word essay in under 20 minutes needs a lot of practice. However, paying attention to details and practising might lead to favourable results.

This Blog Includes:

Content , formal requirement, development, structure, and coherence, grammar , general linguistic range, vocabulary , spellings , consider the prompt and make a plan, writing the essay , proofreading , pte essay writing- scoring pattern & structure .

To get the desired essay writing score, you must first comprehend the PTE Essay Writing- Scoring Pattern & Structure and the PTE Essay Writing format and the specific traits which an examiner looks for in the essay. The following are the seven components that attribute to the structure on which your essay is graded:

The test taker’s response to the question is evaluated based on the following content aspects: relevance, the inclusion of supporting data, acceptable examples, and adequate explanations. The trait is graded from 0 to 3.

The length (i.e. word count) of the answer is referred to as a formal requirement. The optimal word count for a response is 200 to 300 words. Candidate should keep in mind that any response that is lesser than 120 words or higher than 380 words is rejected and the candidate will receive a 0 score.

The demonstration of concepts, ideas, and logical structure in response is used to grade development, structure, and coherence. The trait is graded from 0 to 2.

For a perfect score, the response must be grammatically accurate. There should be no grammatical errors and the phrases should be completely understandable. It is scored in the range of 0 to 2.

This trait is assessed and scored based on how well the response reflects the test taker’s thinking. The response must illustrate concepts clearly, with adequate focus on key features and the elimination of any ambiguity. The trait is graded from 0 to 2.

If the essay exhibits a good lexical range, the test taker’s vocabulary is considered good. Idioms, phrases, and colloquial language must be used effectively in the response. The trait is graded from 0 to 2.

Candidates must pay special emphasis on spelling. They should ensure that all words in the answer are spelt correctly and that there are no or few typing errors. This trait is evaluated on a scale of 0 to 2.

The scoring for all 7 attributes is concluded here in the tale below:

Write Your Essay in Three Easy Stages

Now that you have understood the PTE Essay Writing- Scoring Pattern & Structure, you must also know what the essay demands. We will show you how to write it in three simple steps so that you get a good grade.

Before you begin, we urge that you review the prompt to ensure that you have all of the necessary information. Check what the question is asking you to do, such as agree or disagree with a statement. Furthermore, consider the topic, the main aspects to discuss, and the arguments that you need to provide.

Planning is an important aspect of the exam since it will help you write the essay more quickly. You may draft up a basic outline of the material and structure you want your essay to have. You might wish to jot down a few ideas regarding the perspective or ideas you’d want to include.

You can format your essay as follows:

Introduction – introduce the topic and any relevant facts.

1st paragraph – one supporting concept for your case

Paragraph 2 – add another point to your case or make a counter-argument

Conclusion – a brief overview of your ideas that lead to your conclusion and why you came to that conclusion.

It’s time to get started now that you’ve made your plan and know what you’re going to write.

Your essay should be readable and without grammatical errors. This entails providing explicit explanations, eliminating ambiguities and communicating main ideas.

You should also showcase your vocabulary and grammatical skills. If you successfully use advanced phrase structures and terminology, you are more likely to obtain a better grade.

Idiomatic terms and colloquialisms will help you score higher, but don’t use too many since they may detract from your academic approach. Don’t repeat your words.

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PTE Essay Template: The best PTE essay format for a full score [January 2024 updated]

There is a ready-made PTE essay format which you can use in the PTE Academic test for a full score! There is a memory technique for remembering this as well.

This may sound surprising, but if you can memorize the PTE essay template provided here, you need not learn how to write essays. This PTE essay writing template is up-to-date and has been tried in multiple tests recently.

What is the PTE Writing test?

The first thing to understand is that the Writing section of the Pearson PTE Academic test, has two types of questions, one of which is Write Essay. Most often, there is only one such question in the exam, but sometimes there may be two.

The time limit for one question is 20 minutes . Time will not be carried over to another question if you finish the PTE essay question early. The length of the essay has to be between 200 and 300 words .

Look at some sample PTE essay questions below:

The best PTE Essay Format

The PTE test is assessed by a computer , therefore there are certain metrics that the system judges the answer against. If the essay fulfils all the criteria, then it will get the full score regardless of how good or bad the actual content of the essay is.

The following PTE essay format has been designed to hit the full score in each of the criteria.

In this PTE essay writing format, replace the parts marked with “ [topic keyword] ” with the keywords from the essay prompt. The keyword could be the main topic word of the essay, or it could also be a phrase. It is best if you select a couple of phrases from the question and use them randomly throughout the format.

PTE Essay Sample

Technique for memorizing this format

The PTE essay format here has been designed with a lot of effort so that it can definitely score the full score in the test as per the marking criteria of 2023. So, it is best to memorize this word for word.

A memory technique called acrostic has been used to make it easier to remember this PTE essay template. The PTE essay writing format has ten sentences in total. The initial letters of the sentences are in alphabetical order . The first sentence begins with an “A”, the second with a “B”, the third with a “C”, and so on.

If you ever get stuck while typing this PTE essay writing template during the test, you can recall the next sentence by using the letter of the next sentence.

PTE Describe Image Template

How is the PTE essay judged?

In short, the essay is judged across seven indicators.

The full raw score of 3 is achieved in Content if the answer sufficiently deals with the prompt. The several places in the PTE essay format that have been marked as [topic keyword] , where we enter the topic of the essay, will ensure this.

We get 2 out of 2 in Form if the essay is between 200 and 300 words long. The PTE essay writing template provided here is 230 words long provided that the topic keyword used is a single word. A two-word topic can also be used making the essay 247 words long, while a three-word topic will make it 264 words long.

In order to get marks in the benchmark of Development, structure and coherence , several discourse markers have been used.

There are no grammatical errors in the provided PTE essay template, and it has been written using a wide range of complex grammatical structures to meet the standard for Grammar .

The PTE essay writing format has been deliberately written with an application of wide range of precise language composition so that specifications for a high General linguistic range score is met.

A broad range of words and expressions have been utilized in the creation of the PTE essay template so as to get a high score for Vocabulary .

Finally, there are no spelling mistakes in the PTE essay format here which guarantees we lose no marks in the yardstick of Spelling .

To learn more about the PTE marking system, click here »

Collection of latest PTE Essay questions

Here we have compiled a list of frequently asked questions in the PTE Write Essay section. Feel free to download the pdf file for your future use.

More examples of PTE Essay Format used

Try not to repeat the same word or phrase in every place where we insert the keyword in the PTE essay template. You should use different words in different places as in the following PTE essay sample.

Final thoughts on PTE Essay Template

There are different PTE essay formats which can all get high scores in the PTE test. The fact of the matter is that the template needs to fulfil the criteria as set by the PTE scoring system.

Memorize the PTE essay template given above, and just write the exact answer in the test. It is advisable to practice typing out this PTE essay writing format on a computer in 20 minutes every single day till the day of the test.

PTE Essay Writing Templates For High Scores: What to Know?

by Moni Vuong

Published on 14/10/2023 Last Updated 14/10/2023

PTE Essay Writing Templates - Secret Weapon To Win PTE Essay Task

Essay writing is a big challenge for most people taking the PTE test . The question “How to improve this score” always lingers in the test-taker’s mind.

This blog from PTE Magic will help you learn more about how to use PTE essay writing templates for higher scores.

The term “writing template” refers to a fixed format, which is created by masters, meeting all the requirements of writing tasks.

Following this, you can easily approach and gain a higher score for your upcoming PTE essay writing part.

Let’s take a look.

Online PTE training courses that get results!
Secrets to cracking the PTE test with ease
PTE writing test – everything you need to know

Why should you use templates when writing a PTE essay?

Before going into the world of templates, let’s address the question on your mind: “Why should I use templates for PTE essays?” Well, here’s the scoop.

Time-efficiency

When doing PTE essay writing , it’s necessary to have an effective strategy. That helps you take advantage of the time and finish the test more smoothly.

Templates offer a structured framework that saves precious time during the exam. You don’t need to spend minutes organizing your thoughts. Instead, you can jump right into writing.

Consistency

Applying templates ensures that your essays have a consistent structure and flow. PTE essays are graded on criteria like coherence and cohesion. Therefore, writing logically is a key factor to win this part. Writing templates can help you achieve it effortlessly.

Clarity of thought

You can organize your thoughts logically, ensuring that your essay is easy to follow and understand when using templates.

In addition, having a structure to rely on also takes time for you to focus on content quality. You can generate more ideas instead of wondering about the skeleton of writing.

Improve scores

PTE writing templates usually are built by professionals. It aims to maximize test-takers’ scores. Thus, it includes all the necessary elements examiners look for, making it more likely for you to achieve a better result.

PTE essay types

PTE essays come in various forms with many different topics. It’s really hard to cover all of them.

However, writing templates supply model responses, that match with specific types of prompts. Understanding each of them can help you apply suitable samples aligned with the essay request.

Here are the most common PTE essay types:

Argument: This type provides two sides of an argument. It requires you to take a stance on an issue and provide supporting evidence. Your goal is to persuade the reader of your viewpoint with reasonable explanations and examples.
Advantages and disadvantages: In this topic, you need to examine the pros and cons of a given topic, presenting a balanced assessment of its advantages and disadvantages.
Agree and disagree: This writing form will give you a point and ask you to state an opinion (agree or disagree). After that, you also need to explain your choice, and give some evidence and examples to support your idea.
Problems and solutions: In this essay, you have to identify a problem and propose solutions. Your essay should discuss the problem’s causes and effects and offer practical solutions.
Essay on a given topic: Sometimes, PTE will provide a specific topic or question for you to address. Your task is to solve the required problem, respond concisely and directly to the prompt.

Overall, each type of prompt corresponds with one template writing. Before writing, you need to identify what types of topics you encounter to apply the right template.

Effective PTE essay writing template for maximum scores

Now that you know why templates are beneficial and the various essay types you might encounter, let’s delve into an effective PTE essay writing template that can help you score maximum points.

In general, each type of prompt has a different template to follow. However, it is normally based on a fixed essay skeleton including Introduction , Body paragraph , and Conclusion . Below is the model outline you can consider:

Introduction (about 40-50 words)

In this part, you need to:

Start with a hook or a general statement related to the topic, remember to paraphrase the requirement.
Clearly state your thesis or main point.
Provide a brief overview of the points you will discuss.

Body paragraph (about 200 words)

This part often contains two single paragraphs. Each of them is about 100 words in length. The structure of the body can include:

Topic sentence: Begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that connects to your thesis.
Explanation (about 1-2 sentences): You need to give some reasons explicating your point. Don’t forget to use transition words to connect your ideas and maintain a smooth flow.
Supporting details (Optional): After explanation, it’s essential to provide evidence, examples, or statistics to support your topic sentence. With these details, your idea can be clarified better.
Counterargument (Optional): Last but not least, you can address opposing viewpoints and explain why they are less valid. This sentence would strengthen your statement, and make it more persuadable.

Conclusion (about 40-50 words)

At the end of all writing, a conclusion is unavoidable. This part asks you to:

Summarize your main points.
Restate your thesis or main point in another expression way.
Provide a closing thought or call to action related to the topic.

Above is the general format of the PTE essay. You also need to adapt this template to the specific essay type you’re writing.

For instance, an argumentative essay will require a stronger emphasis on presenting and refuting opposing views, while the agree and disagree article will focus more on expressing your viewpoint.

Notice that the given structure is for reference. You don’t need to follow it 100% when writing as long as you make sure that your ideas are supported well.

4 PTE writing examples for all essay types

To truly grasp the power of templates, let’s explore some PTE writing examples for each essay type. These examples will showcase how the template can be customized to fit various essay prompts.

Argumentative Essay Sample

Prompt: “Should governments provide free healthcare for all citizens?”

Introduction

The important thing you need to do is to paraphrase the prompt and give out your opinion. For example:

Governments worldwide face the perennial question of whether they should let all citizens approach healthcare for free (paraphrase). In this essay, I will argue in favor of this policy, emphasizing that accessible healthcare is a fundamental right (state an opinion).

Body paragraph 1:

Topic Sentence: Free healthcare ensures equitable access to medical services.

Explanation: In countries where healthcare is free, citizens from all socioeconomic backgrounds receive necessary medical care.

Supporting details: This eliminates the disparity in healthcare access between the affluent and less privileged segments of society.

Body Paragraph 2:

Topic Sentence: Free healthcare reduces the financial burden on individuals.

Explanation: In nations with free healthcare, individuals do not face exorbitant medical bills, reducing financial stress. This improves overall well-being and economic stability for citizens.

Support details: According to statistics, 43 countries in the world have free healthcare for their citizens and most of them are developed countries.

Conclusion:

Restate your opinion: In conclusion, providing free healthcare to all citizens is not just a moral imperative but also a pragmatic solution to many societal issues. It ensures equitable access, relieves financial burdens, and promotes public health.

Provide a call to action: Governments should prioritize this fundamental right.

Agree and disagree essay

Prompt: “Do you agree or disagree with the statement: ‘Technology is making people less creative’?”

Paraphrase: The impact of technology on human creativity is a topic of considerable debate.

State your opinion: In this essay, I will argue that while technology has altered the creative landscape, it does not stifle creativity.

Topic sentence: Technology provides new avenues for the creative industry.

Explanation: Platforms like social media and digital art tools enable individuals to explore and showcase their creativity. Creators can connect to each other easily. Therefore, they can update, and learn from each other to improve themselves. Otherwise, the internet provides a wealth of information and inspiration at one’s fingertips.

Supporting details: For instance, websites like Freepik are provided to provide a wide range of materials for people to create their work.

Body paragraph 2:

Topic Sentence: Technology challenges individuals to adapt creatively.

Explanation: The rapid evolution of technology necessitates creative problem-solving and adaptation. This constant innovation not only fuels creativity in individuals and industries but also puts them under pressure. That they have to use this as a supporting tool, not let this replace them.

Supporting details: The appearance of chat GPT threatens the jobs of many people, especially content creators. However, it can not replace people. Instead, individuals use it to serve their work.

Conclusion: In conclusion, technology’s impact on creativity is multifaceted, and it can both enhance and challenge creative expression. Ultimately, creativity is not stifled by technology; it is redefined and enriched in the digital age.

Advantages and disadvantages essay

Prompt: “Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online learning”

Paraphrase: The rise of online learning is a revelation of education, but it also raises pertinent questions regarding its advantages and disadvantages. In this essay, we will explore both sides of the online learning debate.

Body paragraph 1 (About advantages)

Topic sentence: Firstly, let’s look into some pros of online education.

Pros 1: Online learning offers flexibility and convenience. Learners can access courses from anywhere at their own pace. This flexibility accommodates diverse schedules and lifestyles. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, students still can access education via online learning platforms.

Pros 2: Online learning reduces geographical barriers. It allows access to top-notch courses and instructors worldwide. This democratizes education and promotes inclusivity. For instance, people in Vietnam can easily take part in a workshop in the US on the Internet.

Body paragraph 2 (About disadvantages)

Topic sentence: Although it provides many advantages, online learning also has some side effects.

Cons 1: Online learning lacks the social interaction of traditional classrooms. Students miss out on face-to-face interactions and group dynamics. This can hinder the development of social skills and a sense of community.

Cons 2: Learning on the internet requires students to have suitable devices to connect. But not all students have that good life conditions. Poor people or those who live in remote areas would find it really difficult to access.

In conclusion, online learning presents a mixed bag of advantages and disadvantages. Its flexibility and accessibility are game-changers, but the absence of physical interaction and potential isolation are important considerations. A balanced approach to education must harness the best of both worlds.

Problems and solutions essay

Prompt: “Discuss the problem of air pollution in urban areas and propose solutions.”

Paraphrase: Air pollution in urban areas is a pressing issue with far-reaching consequences.

We will examine some causes and effects of this problem and propose effective solutions in this essay.

Body paragraph 1 (mention a cause and offer a solution for it) :

Cause: Urban air pollution is primarily caused by vehicle emissions. More and more cars are used nowadays, combined with the inadequate public transportation systems, elevating pollution in urban on the next level.

Solution: To solve this problem, it’s crucial to reduce vehicle emissions. Instead of driving cars, people can walk or use public transportation. In addition, the government implements strict emissions standards to control this problem.

Body paragraph 2:

Cause: In many areas of the world, millions of square kilometers of forest have been destroyed for human personal purposes. Forests are also considered as the green lungs of the earth. Lack of this natural shield, the air becomes more vulnerable.

Solution: People should protect and strive to cultivate more trees in the world. Moreover, the government also can intervene by enforcing strict regulations on deforestation.

In conclusion, urban air pollution is a multifaceted problem, but it is not insurmountable. As long as we take action to maintain and protect the air, cities can breathe easier and provide a healthier environment for their residents.

4 tips for memorizing the templates

Now that you’ve seen the power of templates, you might be wondering how to memorize them effectively. Here are some tips to help you commit these templates to memory:

Practice frequently

There’s simply no substitute for practice. The more you immerse yourself in utilizing the templates, the more ingrained they will become in your memory.

You need to write and write every day to get familiar with and gradually become proficient in template writing. Dedicate time each day to practice writing essays using the templates, and you’ll notice a significant improvement in your recall during the exam.

Visual aids

If you find it too hard to learn in a traditional way only, let’s try another way. You can create visually stimulating aids or flashcards that encapsulate the key components of the templates.

Visual cues can be highly effective in enhancing your memory. For instance, you might design a visual representation of the essay structure or use color-coded cues to signify different sections.

Break it down

Sometimes, memorizing the entire template can feel overwhelming.

To tackle this, you can break the template into manageable sections. Start by memorizing the introduction, then the body paragraphs, and finally the conclusion. By focusing on one part at a time, you’ll find it easier to grasp and remember the template as a whole.

Repetition is a fundamental technique for memorization. Repeatedly write out the template or recite it aloud. The more you engage with the material, the more firmly it will be etched in your memory.

After repetition, don’t forget to test yourself without looking at the template. Try to recall the structure and key points of the template from memory. This active recall technique strengthens your ability to remember the template during the exam.

In the world of PTE essay writing, templates are your trusty companions on the path to success. They provide structure, save time, and enhance your chances of scoring well. Understanding the various essay types and customizing your template accordingly is crucial.

The examples we’ve explored illustrate how templates can be adapted to address diverse prompts. With the right tools and knowledge, you can conquer this aspect of the PTE exam and excel in your endeavors.

Last updated on 14/10/2023

My name is Moni, and I am a seasoned PTE teacher with over 6 years of experience. I have helped thousands of students overcome their struggles and achieve their desired scores. My passion for teaching and dedication to my student’s success drives me to continually improve my teaching methods and provide the best possible support. Join me on this journey toward PTE success!

I am a firm believer that the best teachers educate with their hearts not just their minds.

Moni | PTE MAGIC International Founder

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PTE EXAM PREPARATION

PTE Academic Exam Practice Material

PTE Essay Writing (Content & Form) Scoring Criteria & Weightage of Marks

PTE Essay Writing (Content & Form) Scoring Criteria, Weightage of Marks

In essay writing the marks are given based on the “content”. This is the first subsection of the essay writing scorer.

A) Three Marks – Three marks are awarded if the person adequately deals with the “prompt” of the topic, which is given to you.

B) Two Marks – Two marks are awarded, if the person deals with the prompt, but does not deal with “One Minor Aspect”.

C) One Mark – One mark is given if the person deals with the prompt, but omits a major aspect or more than one minor aspect.

D) No Mark – is given if the person does not deal properly with the prompt.

PTE academic essay questions and ideas

A) Two Marks – Form marks are given if the length is between 200 and 300 words you will be given with two marks.

Any of the following should never be done. Doesn’t matter how vast the topic is.

B) One Mark – If the length is between 120 and 199 or between 301 and 380 words you’ll be given one mark.

C) Zero Mark – Zero is given if the length is less than 120 or more than 380 words. If the essay is written in capital letters and contain no punctuation or only consists of bullet points or very short sentences.

Do’s and Don’ts for PTE Content

So technically last two points we are never gonna do – keep in mind it doesn’t matter how vast the topic is, doesn’t matter how much elaboration it needs, doesn’t matter at all. You are never gonna write “one mark or zero marks” example.

50 Essay Examples with High-Scoring Answers - PTE Academic

The Essay is the final question in part 1 of the Pearson Test of English (PTE) Academic.

You will be given a prompt and you have 20 minutes to write an essay response that is 200 to 300 words long. The prompt usually has a sentence that introduces the topic. Then, you will be asked a question or a few to guide your response.

In this article, I’m going to provide high-scoring answers to 50 example essay prompts.

Example Essays with Answers

With the rise of digital media, books are becoming less significant in everyday life. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Support your argument with examples and reasons.

The statement that books are becoming less significant in everyday life with the rise of digital media captures a current trend but does not fully encompass the continued relevance and evolution of books in our society. While it is true that digital media has altered how we consume information and entertainment, it has not rendered books obsolete.

Firstly, digital media, including ebooks, audiobooks, and online articles, has expanded the accessibility and convenience of reading. People can now carry entire libraries on their devices, making reading possible anywhere and at any time. This shift to digital does represent a change in the medium through which many people read, but it doesn't necessarily diminish the importance of books; rather, it transforms their format. For example, the increasing popularity of audiobooks has opened up the world of literature to busy commuters and those who may struggle with traditional printed text.

Furthermore, despite the digital surge, physical books continue to hold a unique appeal. Many readers prefer the tactile experience of holding a book and the absence of screen glare. Physical books do not require batteries or an internet connection, making them particularly valuable in areas with limited digital infrastructure. Additionally, books as physical objects can have sentimental value and aesthetic qualities that enhance personal libraries or serve as meaningful gifts.

In conclusion, although digital media has changed how we access and consume literature, it has not decreased the significance of books in everyday life. Instead, it has broadened the ways in which literature can be appreciated and accessed, indicating an evolution rather than a decline in the importance of books.

With the increasing prevalence of fast food, health issues related to diet have become more common. Should there be stricter regulations on fast food restaurants? Support your argument with reasons and examples.

In the face of rising health issues associated with diet, largely propelled by the widespread availability of fast food, there is a compelling argument for the implementation of stricter regulations on fast food restaurants. Primarily, such regulations could directly address the nutritional content of the foods offered, ensuring healthier options are available and prominent. This could include mandatory calorie counts on menus and restrictions on certain harmful ingredients like trans fats, which have been linked to heart disease.

Moreover, stricter regulations could also mandate fast food chains to provide clear and accessible nutritional information, empowering consumers to make more informed choices about their food consumption. For instance, detailed descriptions of ingredients and potential allergens could prevent health risks among individuals with dietary restrictions or allergies.

In addition, implementing regulations on marketing practices, especially those targeted at children, could reduce the appeal of unhealthy fast food options to vulnerable groups. The compelling nature of fast food advertising significantly influences eating habits, particularly in children, leading to poor dietary choices that carry into adulthood.

By enforcing these measures, not only could the immediate health of consumers improve, but it could also instigate a broader cultural shift towards healthier eating practices across society.

The arts (music, visual arts, theater) are as important as the sciences in education. How far do you agree with this statement? Justify your viewpoint with examples from your own experiences or observations.

I strongly agree that the arts are as essential as the sciences in education, as they contribute uniquely to the development of well-rounded individuals. Integrating arts into the curriculum fosters creativity, emotional expression, and cultural awareness, which are vital in today’s diverse society.

From my own experience, participation in school theater productions not only honed my public speaking skills but also enhanced my ability to work collaboratively within a team. These are practical skills that are valuable in any professional environment, not just in the arts. Moreover, the confidence I gained from performing in front of an audience has been instrumental in other areas of my academic and personal life, such as during presentations in science classes or leading group projects.

Observationally, I’ve noticed that students who engage in artistic activities seem more adept at problem-solving and thinking outside the box—skills that are crucial in scientific fields as well. For instance, a friend who excels in both music and mathematics often explains how studying music theory has improved her ability to recognize patterns and solve complex equations, suggesting a complementary relationship between these disciplines.

Therefore, I believe that sidelining the arts in favor of a more science-heavy curriculum could hinder the development of diverse skills that are applicable across various fields. Both the arts and sciences are fundamental to fostering a holistic educational environment that prepares students for the multifaceted challenges of the future.

Privacy in the digital age is increasingly becoming a myth. How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss the implications and provide examples to support your viewpoint.

I agree significantly with the statement that privacy in the digital age is increasingly becoming a myth. In today’s world, the proliferation of digital technologies means that vast amounts of personal data are collected, stored, and analyzed by various entities, often without the explicit consent of individuals.

For instance, social media platforms gather data on users' browsing habits, personal interests, and even location histories to tailor advertisements and content. This data collection is so pervasive that escaping it completely is nearly impossible unless one entirely opts out of using digital services, which is impractical for most people.

Moreover, the use of smartphones and other connected devices has led to a situation where privacy breaches are not just possible but are occurring with alarming regularity. Hackers can gain unauthorized access to personal information, leading to identity theft and financial fraud. Companies might also suffer data breaches that expose sensitive user information.

The implications of this erosion of privacy are profound. It affects individuals’ sense of security and can lead to a chilling effect on free expression online. People may feel less inclined to share honest opinions or explore sensitive topics if they fear that their activities are being monitored.

In conclusion, while technology has brought many benefits, the cost to personal privacy is a significant concern. The digital age indeed challenges the notion of privacy, turning it into something that feels more like a privilege than a guaranteed right.

Globalization brings more positive impacts than negative ones on cultures around the world. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Support your view with examples and reasons.

I agree that globalization tends to have more positive impacts than negative ones on cultures around the world. Globalization encourages the exchange of ideas, traditions, and values among diverse cultures, leading to greater understanding and cooperation among people.

One positive impact of globalization is the increased exposure to different cultures, which can enrich a society. For example, through globalization, culinary traditions from around the world have been introduced to different countries. This means that people can enjoy a wide variety of foods, such as sushi from Japan, tacos from Mexico, or curry from India, right in their hometowns. This not only enhances the culinary experience but also promotes appreciation and respect for other cultures.

Another benefit of globalization is the spread of technology and innovation. When cultures collaborate, they share technologies that can improve lives. For instance, many developing countries have experienced rapid technological advances due to globalization, such as access to smartphones and the internet. This connectivity helps bridge cultural gaps and fosters global awareness among populations.

However, it is important to acknowledge that globalization can also lead to the dilution of cultural identities if not managed properly. When cultures adopt aspects of others too rapidly, they may lose parts of their own traditions and heritage. Nonetheless, with conscious efforts to preserve cultural uniqueness while embracing beneficial exchanges, globalization can significantly enrich cultures rather than diminish them.

In conclusion, while there are some drawbacks, the positive impacts of globalization on cultures around the world generally outweigh the negatives, leading to a more interconnected and harmonious global society.

Renewable energy should completely replace fossil fuels in the next 20 years. Discuss the feasibility and implications of this statement. Provide arguments and examples to support your viewpoint.

The idea of replacing fossil fuels entirely with renewable energy within the next 20 years is ambitious and reflects a growing concern about environmental issues and climate change. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power offer numerous benefits, such as reducing carbon emissions and diminishing pollution, which are crucial for sustaining our environment.

However, the complete replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy in just two decades poses several challenges. First, the infrastructure for renewable energy is not yet fully developed in many parts of the world. Building this infrastructure, including solar farms, wind turbines, and hydroelectric plants, requires significant investment and time. Moreover, the technology for storing energy generated from renewable sources is not as advanced as needed for consistent and reliable energy supply, especially in regions with fluctuating weather conditions.

Additionally, the global economy is heavily reliant on fossil fuels. Many industries use fossil fuels not only for energy but also as raw materials in products like plastics and pharmaceuticals. Transitioning these sectors to alternative materials could be complex and costly.

While aiming to replace fossil fuels entirely in 20 years might not be fully feasible, a gradual transition with increasing reliance on renewable sources is more practical. This approach allows for the development of necessary technologies and infrastructure, and provides time for industries to adapt to new methods, making the shift towards renewable energy sustainable and less disruptive to the global economy.

Public transportation should be made free to reduce environmental pollution. Discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of this policy. Use examples to support your argument.

Making public transportation free could offer significant environmental benefits. Primarily, it could lead to a decrease in the number of cars on the road. As public transit becomes a more attractive option due to being cost-free, more people might choose it over driving their personal vehicles. This shift could reduce traffic congestion and the emission of pollutants like carbon dioxide, which are major contributors to air pollution and climate change.

Additionally, free public transit could be particularly beneficial in urban areas where traffic congestion is a common issue. For example, in cities like New York or London, where public transport systems are already heavily utilized, making them free could encourage even more commuters to leave their cars at home, further decreasing environmental pollution.

However, there are also potential drawbacks to consider. One major concern is funding. Public transportation systems are expensive to operate, and without fare revenue, money would need to come from other sources, such as increased taxes. This could be unpopular among taxpayers who do not use public transit regularly.

Moreover, if public transportation were free, there could be a surge in usage, potentially leading to overcrowded trains and buses. This could result in a decline in service quality and comfort, possibly deterring people from using public transit despite the lack of cost.

In summary, while offering free public transportation could help reduce environmental pollution and ease urban congestion, it also poses challenges related to funding and capacity.

Mental health awareness should be integrated into school curriculums from a young age. How far do you agree with this statement? Support your opinion with reasons and examples from your own experiences.

I strongly agree with the statement that mental health awareness should be integrated into school curriculums from a young age. Educating children about mental health can foster a positive and supportive environment, where mental well-being is prioritized alongside physical health.

Introducing mental health awareness in schools can equip children with the knowledge to identify and understand their emotions and the emotions of others. This understanding can help reduce the stigma surrounding mental health issues. For example, in my own school years, we rarely discussed mental health, which led to a lot of misconceptions and a general lack of support among peers facing mental health challenges.

Furthermore, incorporating mental health education into the curriculum can provide students with crucial coping mechanisms for stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues. In my experience, many students struggle with stress due to academic pressures but lack the tools to manage it effectively. If I had been taught strategies for dealing with stress in school, I believe I would have been better prepared to handle academic and personal challenges.

Lastly, mental health education can promote a healthier future generation. Children who learn about mental health from a young age are more likely to grow into adults who prioritize their mental well-being, seek help when needed, and support others in their community.

Overall, integrating mental health awareness into the school curriculum is essential for fostering a well-rounded, supportive, and empathetic society.

Education systems should focus more on practical skills than academic knowledge in the modern world. How far do you agree with this assertion? Provide reasons and examples to support your opinion.

In the modern world, the debate between prioritizing practical skills over academic knowledge in education systems is significant. I agree to a large extent that education should focus more on practical skills, as these are crucial in preparing students for real-world challenges.

Firstly, practical skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technical abilities directly apply to various occupational fields. For example, a mechanic uses hands-on skills to repair vehicles, which he would learn more effectively through practical instruction rather than theoretical knowledge alone. Similarly, a nurse benefits more from simulated practice and real-life internships than just textbook information.

Secondly, focusing on practical skills in education systems can make learning more engaging for students. When learners see the direct application of their studies, it can enhance their interest and motivation. For instance, when students engage in projects or experiments, they often find the lessons more memorable and relevant compared to traditional lecture-based learning.

Moreover, in today's rapidly changing job market, employers increasingly value practical skills. They are looking for candidates who can perform tasks effectively from day one, rather than those who only have theoretical knowledge.

While academic knowledge remains important for foundational understanding and critical analysis, integrating more practical skills into the curriculum prepares students better for future careers and daily life. Therefore, education systems should adapt to include a greater emphasis on these practical skills.

With the increasing globalization of business, many people are required to work in countries other than their own. What are the advantages and disadvantages of working abroad? Discuss with reference to cultural and economic aspects.

One major advantage is the opportunity for cultural exchange. Individuals working abroad immerse themselves in a new culture, learn a new language, and experience daily life in a different context. This broadens their perspectives, fosters personal growth, and enhances their adaptability and communication skills. Economically, working abroad can offer higher salaries, better employment opportunities, and the chance to work in industries that may not be available or developed in one’s home country. This can lead to professional advancement and financial benefits.

However, there are notable disadvantages as well. On a cultural level, expatriates might face significant challenges such as language barriers, homesickness, and cultural shock. These factors can lead to feelings of isolation or difficulty in adjusting to the new environment. Economically, while one might earn more, the cost of living in a foreign country can be higher. Additionally, job security can be a concern, especially in countries where foreign workers might be the first to face layoffs during economic downturns.

In conclusion, working abroad can be immensely rewarding but also challenging. The cultural exposure and economic benefits are significant, yet they come with the potential for cultural disorientation and financial uncertainties. Each individual’s experience will vary depending on their circumstances and the country they choose to work in.

The growth of online education has transformed the way students learn around the world. Do the benefits of studying online outweigh the disadvantages? Support your opinion with specific examples and evidence.

The growth of online education has indeed transformed the educational landscape globally, making learning more accessible and flexible than ever before. This transformation brings numerous benefits, but also several disadvantages, which need to be considered.

One of the primary benefits of studying online is accessibility. Students from remote or underserved areas can access quality education that previously might have been out of reach due to geographic or economic barriers. For example, a student in a rural village can now take courses from prestigious universities without the need to relocate.

Another significant advantage is flexibility. Online education allows students to learn at their own pace and on their own schedule. This is particularly beneficial for those who need to balance other responsibilities, such as work or family care, with their studies. It enables them to attend classes and complete assignments whenever it is most convenient, even if that means engaging in learning activities late at night or early in the morning.

However, online education also has its disadvantages. The lack of face-to-face interaction can hinder the development of interpersonal skills and reduce the opportunities for spontaneous discussion and deeper understanding that physical classroom settings offer. Additionally, students may face challenges with self-discipline and motivation without the structured environment of a traditional classroom.

In conclusion, while online education has disadvantages, its benefits of accessibility and flexibility make it a valuable option for many learners, allowing education to be more inclusive and adaptable to individual needs.

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. Discuss the role that individual actions can play in combating climate change. Are these actions enough to make a significant difference, or should the focus be on governmental and corporate policies?

Climate change represents a critical challenge that affects everyone globally. It's clear that addressing this issue requires action at various levels, including individual, corporate, and governmental.

Individual actions, such as reducing energy consumption, recycling, and using public transportation, are important. These efforts can lead to significant environmental benefits. For example, when people choose to recycle or cut down on waste, they help reduce pollution and conserve resources. Similarly, opting for public transport or carpooling can decrease the number of vehicles on the road, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

However, while these actions are beneficial and necessary, they may not be sufficient on their own to combat climate change effectively. This is because individual choices can only do so much when larger structural and systemic issues persist. For instance, if the energy provided to homes and businesses is still largely sourced from fossil fuels, individual efforts to reduce consumption will still indirectly support these harmful industries.

Therefore, the focus should also strongly be on governmental and corporate policies. Governments have the capacity to enact laws and regulations that require businesses to reduce emissions and promote renewable energy sources. Corporations, which are major contributors to pollution, must also be held accountable and encouraged to adopt more sustainable practices.

In conclusion, while individual actions are a part of the solution to climate change, they need to be supported by robust governmental and corporate policies to truly make a significant impact.

Public art plays an important role in cities around the world. What are the benefits of investing in public art, and how does it impact communities? Discuss with examples from different cities that you are familiar with or have researched.

Public art significantly enhances urban environments worldwide, offering numerous benefits to communities. By investing in public artworks, cities can transform mundane spaces into vibrant areas that foster community engagement and cultural expression.

One primary benefit of public art is its ability to beautify cities. For example, sculptures and murals in places like New York City's High Line Park convert an old rail line into a captivating outdoor gallery, making the area more attractive to both locals and tourists. This beautification helps improve the overall atmosphere of urban spaces, making them more welcoming and enjoyable.

Additionally, public art serves as a platform for cultural expression and education. In Melbourne, Australia, the city’s laneways are adorned with ever-changing street art, showcasing works that reflect current social issues and cultural trends. This not only enriches the urban aesthetic but also stimulates discussions among viewers, promoting a deeper understanding of diverse perspectives within the community.

Public art also boosts local economies by attracting tourism. Cities like Lisbon have integrated public art into their tourism strategies, drawing visitors eager to explore unique installations and vibrant street art scenes. This influx of tourists supports local businesses and creates job opportunities, enhancing economic vitality.

In conclusion, investing in public art brings multiple advantages to cities, including beautification, cultural expression, and economic growth. It enriches urban life, making cities not just places to live but places to experience and enjoy.

The rise of remote work has changed how many people work. Discuss the impact of working from home on productivity and work-life balance. Include arguments and examples to support your point of view.

The rise of remote work has significantly transformed the landscape of employment, affecting productivity and work-life balance. On one hand, working from home has led to increased productivity for many. Without the need to commute, employees can save time and start their workday feeling fresher and more focused. Additionally, the flexibility to design their workspace and schedule allows workers to operate during their peak productivity hours, leading to more efficient workdays.

For example, a typical office worker might have spent an hour commuting each way to the office; now, that time can be used for work or personal activities, effectively extending the day without adding stress. This flexibility often results in higher quality of work and faster completion of tasks.

On the other hand, remote work can blur the boundaries between personal life and work, potentially leading to poor work-life balance. The constant presence of work in a home environment can make it difficult to 'switch off' and fully engage in personal activities. Some individuals might find themselves working longer hours than they would in an office because their work is always accessible.

For instance, a parent working from home might continue to answer work emails during family time, finding it hard to fully detach from work responsibilities. This can lead to burnout and reduced overall well-being, as personal time is encroached upon by work demands.

Overall, while remote work offers the advantage of flexibility and potential for increased productivity, it also poses challenges to maintaining a healthy work-life balance.

Urbanization is a trend seen in nearly every country. What are the primary benefits and challenges associated with living in large cities as opposed to rural areas? Use specific examples to illustrate your points.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural to urban areas, presents both benefits and challenges for those living in large cities.

One of the primary benefits of urban living is the accessibility to amenities and services. Large cities often offer more job opportunities, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and entertainment options than rural areas. For example, a resident of a large city might have the convenience of using public transportation to commute to work, access to diverse cultural festivals, and multiple choices for shopping and dining.

However, urbanization also comes with significant challenges. One major issue is the high cost of living. Housing in large cities can be much more expensive than in rural areas, making it difficult for many people to afford comfortable living spaces. For instance, a small apartment in a major city like New York or London can cost as much as a large house in a rural area.

Additionally, large cities often struggle with pollution and overcrowding. The concentration of vehicles, factories, and large populations can lead to poor air quality and congested streets. This not only affects daily life by increasing commute times but can also have long-term health impacts on the residents.

In conclusion, while urban areas offer enhanced access to services and job opportunities, they also pose economic and environmental challenges. The decision to live in a city or a rural area often depends on personal priorities and lifestyle choices.

The impact of social media on mental health is a topic of growing concern. Analyze how social media usage affects mental well-being, particularly among adolescents. Discuss both the positive and negative aspects, supported by personal experiences and observations.

The impact of social media on mental health, especially among adolescents, is a complex issue with both positive and negative aspects. On the positive side, social media provides a platform for young people to connect with friends and family, share experiences, and express themselves creatively. It can be especially beneficial for those who feel isolated geographically or socially, as it offers a way to communicate with others who share similar interests and experiences.

However, there are also significant negative impacts associated with social media use. One of the main concerns is the pressure to maintain a perfect image online, which can lead to anxiety and low self-esteem. Adolescents may compare themselves to others and feel inadequate if their own lives do not seem as exciting or happy as what they see on their feeds. Additionally, the need to constantly check updates and respond to messages can lead to addiction and reduce the time spent on other important activities, such as studying or sleeping.

From personal observation, it is clear that excessive use of social media can affect young people's mental health. I have seen peers who are deeply affected by the comments and likes they receive, basing their self-worth on these digital validations. This dependence on social media approval can lead to emotional disturbances, highlighting the need for balance and awareness in its use. In conclusion, while social media has its benefits, it is vital to use it wisely and maintain a healthy perspective on its role in our lives.

Multilingualism is increasingly viewed as a necessary skill in the global marketplace. Discuss the advantages and potential challenges of raising children to be bilingual or multilingual. Include personal examples or observations, if relevant.

Multilingualism, the ability to communicate in multiple languages, is becoming an essential skill in today's interconnected world. Raising children to be bilingual or multilingual can offer numerous advantages. Firstly, children who learn multiple languages often develop better cognitive skills, such as problem-solving and critical thinking. This enhanced cognitive flexibility helps them in various areas of learning throughout their lives. Additionally, multilingual children typically have a deeper understanding and appreciation of different cultures, which is invaluable in our diverse global society.

However, there are also challenges associated with raising bilingual or multilingual children. One potential difficulty is the initial confusion that might occur in young children as they try to differentiate and switch between languages. This can sometimes lead to a temporary delay in language proficiency in one or both languages. Another challenge is maintaining the child's interest and proficiency in each language, especially if one language is less spoken in their everyday environment. For instance, a child learning a language that is not spoken by their peers may feel less motivated to use it.

From personal observation, children who grow up in a bilingual household often find innovative ways to merge their languages, creating a rich, unique way of expressing themselves. Although there are challenges, the long-term benefits of raising multilingual children—such as enhanced cultural empathy and better career prospects in a globalized economy—far outweigh the initial hurdles.

The influence of technology on children's development is a topic of growing interest and concern. Discuss the positive and negative effects of early exposure to technology on children's cognitive, social, and physical development.

Technology has a profound impact on children's development, encompassing cognitive, social, and physical aspects. Starting with the positives, technology enhances cognitive development by providing interactive and engaging educational content. Apps and games designed for learning stimulate problem-solving skills and creativity. Children can access a vast array of information that supports diverse learning experiences, aiding in knowledge acquisition and mental growth.

However, technology also presents several challenges. Excessive screen time can hinder cognitive development by reducing attention spans and impairing learning abilities. When children spend too much time on devices, they may struggle to concentrate on longer tasks or complex problems.

Socially, technology offers benefits such as connecting with peers across the globe and enhancing communication skills through interactive and social media platforms. It allows children to build relationships and learn about different cultures, fostering a sense of global community.

Conversely, early exposure to technology can negatively affect social skills. Physical interactions are often replaced by digital communication, which can limit children's ability to develop empathy and understand non-verbal cues. This might lead to isolation and difficulties in forming real-life relationships.

Physically, technology encourages sedentary behavior, which can lead to health issues like obesity and poor posture. Children who are glued to screens for extended periods may not engage enough in physical activities, which are crucial for healthy growth and development.

In conclusion, while technology provides valuable educational tools and connectivity, it is essential to balance its use to safeguard and nurture all aspects of a child's development.

Evaluate the impact of technology on the role of teachers in the classroom. With the increasing use of digital tools and resources, how might the role of teachers evolve in the next decade?

Technology has significantly influenced the role of teachers in the classroom and is poised to further alter their responsibilities and methods in the coming decade. Traditionally, teachers have been the primary source of knowledge, delivering information directly to students. However, with the advent of digital tools and resources, this dynamic is shifting.

One major impact of technology is the transformation of teachers into facilitators rather than sole providers of knowledge. With abundant information available online, teachers are increasingly guiding students on how to access, assess, and apply this information effectively. This involves teaching critical thinking and digital literacy skills, which are essential in navigating the vast resources available on the internet.

Furthermore, technology allows for more personalized learning experiences. Teachers can use software and applications to track individual student performance, identify areas of need, and tailor educational content accordingly. This shift can help meet diverse learning needs within the classroom, making education more inclusive and effective.

In the next decade, the role of teachers is likely to evolve to incorporate more mentorship and coaching. As educational tools become more sophisticated, teachers will spend less time on traditional lecturing and more on supporting students' individual learning journeys. This could lead to a more collaborative and interactive classroom environment where teachers facilitate discussions and project-based learning, enhancing critical thinking and problem-solving skills among students.

Overall, technology does not diminish the teacher's role but rather enriches it, requiring them to adapt new skills and methods to better serve their students.

Analyze the importance of continuing education in a person's career. How can professionals stay competitive in their fields through lifelong learning? Should employers support ongoing education for their employees?

Continuing education is crucial for personal and professional development, enabling individuals to stay relevant and competitive in their careers. As industries evolve due to advancements in technology and changes in market demands, the skills that were once sufficient may no longer be adequate. Lifelong learning allows professionals to keep up with new techniques, technologies, and industry standards, ensuring they remain valuable to their employers and on the cutting edge of their fields.

Professionals can engage in lifelong learning in various ways, such as attending workshops, enrolling in courses, or obtaining certifications that are related to their fields. This not only broadens their knowledge and skills but also demonstrates a commitment to their profession and a willingness to invest in their own growth.

Employers play a significant role in supporting ongoing education for their employees. By encouraging and sometimes funding further education and professional development opportunities, employers benefit from a workforce that is skilled, innovative, and efficient. This support can be provided in the form of tuition reimbursement, time off for educational purposes, or access to training programs.

Ultimately, ongoing education is beneficial for both employees and employers. It leads to improved job performance, fosters innovation, and contributes to job satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, it is in the interest of employers to invest in the continuous education of their workforce.

Cultural heritage is important for national identity. To what extent do you think governments should invest in preserving cultural landmarks? Support your view with examples and reasons.

Cultural heritage plays a crucial role in shaping national identity by connecting people to their history and traditions. Governments should invest significantly in preserving cultural landmarks for several reasons.

Firstly, cultural landmarks are physical representations of a country's history and achievements. They remind citizens of their shared past, fostering a sense of unity and pride. For example, historic buildings, monuments, and sites tell the story of a nation's journey through time. Without these landmarks, future generations might lose touch with their heritage and identity.

Secondly, preserving cultural landmarks can boost tourism, which benefits the economy. Tourists are often attracted to countries with rich histories and well-preserved sites. For instance, the preservation of ancient ruins or historic districts can draw visitors from around the world, creating jobs and generating revenue for local businesses.

Additionally, maintaining cultural landmarks can also support education and cultural awareness. Schools and universities can use these sites as real-life classrooms, allowing students to learn about their heritage in an engaging way. This hands-on experience can make history more tangible and memorable for learners.

However, it is important for governments to balance their investments. While preserving cultural landmarks is essential, they should also ensure that funds are allocated to other critical areas such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure. By striking the right balance, governments can protect their cultural heritage without neglecting other societal needs.

In conclusion, governments should invest in preserving cultural landmarks to maintain national identity, boost tourism, and support education. These efforts help ensure that future generations remain connected to their heritage while benefiting from the economic and educational advantages such preservation brings.

Education systems around the world are emphasizing STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and math). Should there be equal emphasis on humanities and social sciences? Explain your viewpoint with examples from your own experiences or observations.

Education systems globally are prioritizing STEM subjects to prepare students for the modern workforce. While STEM education is undoubtedly important, I believe that humanities and social sciences deserve equal emphasis. These fields offer critical insights into human behavior, culture, ethics, and communication, which are essential for a well-rounded education.

From my experience, studying humanities subjects such as history, literature, and philosophy has significantly broadened my perspective. For instance, learning about historical events helps us understand current societal structures and challenges. Literature encourages empathy by allowing us to experience diverse lives and viewpoints. Philosophy teaches us to question, reason, and develop strong arguments, fostering critical thinking skills.

Moreover, social sciences like psychology, sociology, and economics equip students with an understanding of societal dynamics and human behavior. These subjects are crucial in developing effective communication skills, conflict resolution, and the ability to work collaboratively in diverse teams. For example, understanding economic principles can help individuals make informed financial decisions, while knowledge of psychology can improve interpersonal relationships.

In today's interconnected world, problems are rarely isolated within one discipline. Addressing global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and healthcare requires interdisciplinary approaches. STEM provides the technical solutions, but humanities and social sciences offer the ethical and social frameworks necessary for implementing these solutions responsibly.

In conclusion, equal emphasis on humanities and social sciences alongside STEM subjects is vital for nurturing well-rounded individuals capable of critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and effective communication. These skills are indispensable in both personal and professional spheres, contributing to a more empathetic and informed society.

Climate change is often described as the greatest challenge of our time. How far do you agree with this statement? Support your argument with examples and reasons.

Climate change is often considered the greatest challenge of our time, and I agree with this statement to a significant extent. The reasons are clear and multifaceted, affecting both the environment and human life on a global scale.

Firstly, climate change leads to extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. These events disrupt lives, destroy homes, and cause significant economic damage. For instance, stronger and more frequent hurricanes devastate coastal regions, displacing families and requiring massive rebuilding efforts. Similarly, prolonged droughts affect agricultural productivity, leading to food shortages and higher prices, which hit the poorest communities the hardest.

Secondly, climate change affects biodiversity. As temperatures rise, many species are unable to adapt quickly enough, leading to extinction or forced migration. The loss of biodiversity affects ecosystems, which in turn impacts human life. For example, bees are crucial for pollinating many of the crops we rely on for food. A decline in bee populations due to changing climates can threaten food security.

Furthermore, climate change has health implications. Increased temperatures contribute to the spread of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, which thrive in warmer climates. Additionally, heatwaves can cause heat strokes and exacerbate existing health conditions, especially among the elderly and children.

Addressing climate change requires a global effort. It is not just an environmental issue but one that affects economies, health, and social stability. Governments, businesses, and individuals all have roles to play in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating the impacts. In conclusion, given its widespread and profound effects, climate change indeed stands as one of the greatest challenges of our time.

Video games are often blamed for violence in youth. Do you think video games influence behavior? Provide reasons and examples to support your view.

Video games are a popular form of entertainment, especially among young people. Some believe that these games can lead to violent behavior, but this connection is not straightforward. While it's true that some video games contain violent content, whether they cause violent behavior depends on various factors.

First, it's important to consider the environment in which a young person is playing these games. If a child is raised in a supportive and understanding family, they are more likely to distinguish between game violence and real-life behavior. Parents and guardians play a crucial role in guiding their children and helping them understand that what happens in a game should not be imitated in real life.

Second, video games can have positive effects. Many games require strategic thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork. For instance, multiplayer games encourage cooperation and communication skills. These positive aspects can contribute to a child's development in beneficial ways, showing that video games are not entirely negative.

Additionally, it's worth noting that not all children who play violent video games become violent. Many children can play these games and still lead peaceful, productive lives. This suggests that individual personality and external influences, like family, friends, and community, are more significant factors in determining behavior than video games alone.

In conclusion, while video games with violent content might influence behavior to some extent, they are not the sole cause of violence in youth. A child's environment, guidance from adults, and individual personality are much more crucial in shaping behavior. Therefore, blaming video games alone for youth violence oversimplifies a complex issue.

Recycling should be mandatory for everyone. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Discuss your reasons and give examples.

I strongly agree that recycling should be mandatory for everyone. Recycling helps reduce waste and conserve natural resources. When we recycle, materials like paper, plastic, glass, and metal can be reused to make new products. This reduces the need to extract raw materials from the earth, which can harm the environment.

One of the main reasons recycling should be mandatory is to reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. Landfills take up a lot of space and can produce harmful chemicals that pollute the soil and water. By recycling, we can decrease the amount of waste in landfills and protect our environment.

Another important reason is that recycling can save energy. Producing new products from raw materials requires a lot of energy, but recycling uses less energy. For example, recycling aluminum cans saves about 95% of the energy needed to make new ones from raw materials. This energy savings can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.

Moreover, mandatory recycling can create jobs and boost the economy. Recycling programs need workers for collection, sorting, and processing materials. This can provide employment opportunities in communities and contribute to economic growth.

Some people might argue that making recycling mandatory is inconvenient or expensive. However, the long-term benefits of recycling far outweigh these short-term challenges. Many communities have already implemented successful recycling programs, proving that it is feasible and effective.

In conclusion, mandatory recycling is a crucial step toward a sustainable future. It helps protect the environment, saves energy, and creates jobs. Everyone should participate in recycling to ensure a cleaner, healthier planet for future generations.

Eating together as a family is important. Do you agree? Justify your answer with reasons and personal experiences.

I strongly agree that eating together as a family is important. Sharing meals brings family members closer and strengthens relationships. In today’s busy world, finding time to connect with loved ones can be challenging, and mealtime offers a perfect opportunity for this connection.

One reason eating together is important is that it allows family members to communicate and share their experiences. When I was growing up, my family always made it a point to have dinner together. During these meals, we would talk about our day, discuss any problems we were facing, and celebrate our achievements. This open communication helped us understand each other better and provided emotional support.

Another reason is that eating together creates a sense of routine and stability. For children, especially, having a set time to eat with the family can provide a sense of security and belonging. I remember looking forward to dinner time because it was a moment when we could all be together, regardless of how busy our schedules were. This routine helped me feel grounded and gave me something to rely on.

Additionally, eating together can promote healthier eating habits. When families eat together, they are more likely to prepare home-cooked meals, which tend to be healthier than fast food or takeout. In my family, we often cooked meals together, which taught me valuable cooking skills and the importance of a balanced diet.

In conclusion, eating together as a family is important because it fosters communication, creates stability, and encourages healthy eating habits. These benefits have a lasting impact on family relationships and individual well-being.

Online shopping is becoming more popular than going to physical stores. Do you think this is a positive or negative development? Explain your opinion with examples.

Online shopping has become increasingly popular in recent years, and this trend brings both positive and negative aspects. Overall, I believe the positives outweigh the negatives, making it a beneficial development for many reasons.

Firstly, online shopping offers unparalleled convenience. People can browse and purchase items from the comfort of their homes without the need to travel to physical stores. This saves time and effort, especially for those with busy schedules or limited mobility. Additionally, online stores are open 24/7, allowing people to shop whenever it suits them, unlike physical stores with fixed operating hours.

Secondly, online shopping provides access to a wider range of products. Customers can easily compare prices and features from different sellers around the world, often finding unique or better-priced items that are not available locally. This increased variety enhances the shopping experience and often leads to more informed purchasing decisions.

However, there are also some drawbacks to online shopping. One significant concern is the impact on local businesses. As more people choose to shop online, small local stores may struggle to compete, potentially leading to their closure. This can negatively affect communities by reducing the availability of personalized customer service and the charm of local shopping areas.

Additionally, online shopping can lead to impulsive buying due to the ease of making purchases. Without the physical act of going to a store, people might buy things they don’t really need, leading to unnecessary spending and waste.

In conclusion, while online shopping presents some challenges, its benefits of convenience, variety, and accessibility make it a positive development overall. With mindful shopping habits and support for local businesses, we can enjoy the advantages of online shopping while mitigating its downsides.

Sports are important in the development of young people. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Give examples and reasons to explain your view.

Sports play a crucial role in the development of young people for several reasons. Firstly, sports promote physical health. Engaging in regular physical activity helps young people maintain a healthy weight, develop strong muscles and bones, and improve cardiovascular health. This foundation of physical fitness can lead to a healthier lifestyle as they grow older.

Secondly, sports teach valuable life skills. Participating in sports requires discipline, time management, and teamwork. Young people learn how to set goals, work hard to achieve them, and manage their time effectively to balance sports with academic and other responsibilities. Team sports, in particular, teach cooperation, communication, and how to work with others towards a common goal. These skills are essential in both personal and professional life.

Additionally, sports can boost mental health and social development. Physical activity is known to reduce stress and anxiety, and participating in sports can improve mood and overall mental well-being. Being part of a team or sports community provides a sense of belonging and can help young people build friendships and social networks. This social interaction is important for developing communication skills and self-confidence.

Finally, sports can instill a sense of discipline and perseverance. The challenges and setbacks faced in sports teach young people resilience and the importance of hard work and dedication. These qualities can be applied to various aspects of life, helping young people overcome obstacles and achieve their goals.

In conclusion, sports significantly contribute to the physical, mental, and social development of young people. By promoting health, teaching life skills, and providing social interaction, sports help shape well-rounded and resilient individuals.

"Televised sports are as important to society as live sports events." Debate this claim, considering both the social and economic impacts of each.

Televised sports and live sports events both hold significant importance in society, each bringing unique social and economic impacts.

Televised sports have revolutionized the way people engage with sports. They offer accessibility, allowing millions to watch games from the comfort of their homes. This inclusivity means that regardless of location or financial capability, people can enjoy major sporting events. Televised sports also bring families and friends together, fostering social bonds as they gather to watch their favorite teams. Economically, televised sports generate substantial revenue through advertising and broadcasting rights, supporting various industries such as media, hospitality, and retail.

On the other hand, live sports events provide an irreplaceable experience. The atmosphere in a stadium, with its excitement and energy, creates a sense of community among fans. Attending a live game can be a memorable experience, one that televised events can't fully replicate. Live events also boost local economies significantly. From ticket sales to merchandise and food, the spending associated with attending games supports local businesses and provides jobs.

However, live events have limitations. They can be costly, making them less accessible to many people. Travel and accommodation can add to the expense, making it a luxury for some. In contrast, televised sports break down these barriers, offering a more democratic form of entertainment.

In conclusion, both televised and live sports events are crucial to society. Televised sports provide broad access and significant economic benefits through widespread viewership. Live sports events, while less accessible, offer unique experiences and support local economies directly. Together, they complement each other, enhancing the overall impact of sports on society.

"Libraries are no longer necessary in the digital age." Challenge or support this statement using specific examples and reasoning.

Libraries have always been vital centers for learning and community engagement. Despite the advent of the digital age, libraries remain necessary, and their roles have evolved rather than diminished.

Firstly, libraries offer access to resources that many people might not afford otherwise. Not everyone has the luxury of owning a computer or subscribing to various online databases. Libraries provide free internet access and computers, making them essential for bridging the digital divide. They ensure that all members of the community, regardless of their financial situation, have access to information and technology.

Additionally, libraries serve as community hubs. They host events, workshops, and programs that cater to various interests and age groups. These activities promote lifelong learning, cultural exchange, and social interaction. For instance, children's story hours, job search workshops, and book clubs are just a few examples of how libraries foster a sense of community and support personal development.

Moreover, the digital age has brought about an overwhelming amount of information, and not all of it is reliable. Libraries offer a curated collection of resources, both physical and digital, ensuring that the information is accurate and trustworthy. Librarians play a crucial role in helping people navigate this information landscape, teaching them how to find, evaluate, and use information effectively.

In conclusion, libraries are more important than ever in the digital age. They provide equal access to technology, serve as community centers, and offer reliable information. Rather than becoming obsolete, libraries have adapted to meet the changing needs of society, continuing to be indispensable resources for learning and connection.

Explore the potential consequences of eliminating cash and moving to a fully digital economy. What might be the benefits and drawbacks of such a shift?

Eliminating cash and transitioning to a fully digital economy can bring about significant changes in how we manage and use money. One of the main benefits is convenience. Digital payments are quick and easy, allowing people to make transactions with just a tap or a click. This can save time and reduce the need to carry physical money, which can be lost or stolen. Digital transactions also create a record, making it easier to track spending and manage finances.

Another advantage is security. Digital payments can be more secure than cash, as they often include protections against theft and fraud. If money is stolen or lost, digital systems can sometimes recover it, unlike cash, which is gone once taken.

However, there are also drawbacks to consider. One major concern is privacy. Digital transactions can be tracked, and this data could be used in ways that infringe on personal privacy. For example, companies could use this information for targeted advertising, or governments could monitor financial activities more closely.

Additionally, moving to a fully digital economy could exclude those who are not tech-savvy or who do not have access to digital devices. This includes older adults, people in remote areas, and those who cannot afford smartphones or computers. These groups might find it challenging to adapt to a cashless society, leading to greater inequality.

In conclusion, while a fully digital economy offers convenience and security, it also raises important issues around privacy and accessibility. It is crucial to consider these factors to ensure that everyone can benefit from such a shift.

Discuss the role of social media in shaping public opinion during election campaigns. Evaluate whether social media platforms should have a greater responsibility in regulating misinformation. Provide examples to support your argument.

Social media plays a significant role in shaping public opinion during election campaigns. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram provide a space where people can share their views, follow political leaders, and access news. These platforms make it easy for information to spread quickly, allowing voters to stay informed and engage in discussions about the candidates and their policies.

However, social media can also be a breeding ground for misinformation. False news and misleading content can influence people's opinions and decisions, sometimes without them even realizing it. For instance, during election campaigns, fake news stories can go viral, spreading incorrect information about candidates. This can sway public opinion unfairly and affect the outcome of an election.

Given this, social media platforms should take on a greater responsibility in regulating misinformation. They have the tools and technology to detect and remove false content. By implementing stricter policies and improving their fact-checking processes, social media companies can help ensure that the information people see is accurate. This would help voters make more informed decisions based on facts rather than falsehoods.

For example, platforms can flag suspicious posts and provide users with links to verified information. They can also work with independent fact-checkers to review content and take down posts that spread false information. By taking these steps, social media platforms can play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of election campaigns and supporting a healthy democratic process.

Mental health awareness has increased significantly in the past decade. Discuss the impact of this greater awareness on societal attitudes and healthcare policies. Support your discussion with examples of changes in public perception or policy shifts.

The past decade has seen a significant increase in mental health awareness, which has had a profound impact on societal attitudes and healthcare policies. This greater awareness has led to a shift in how people view mental health, moving from a taboo subject to an important topic of public conversation. Society is now more accepting and understanding of mental health issues, which has helped reduce the stigma that once surrounded them. People are more willing to talk about their experiences, seek help, and support others who are struggling.

In terms of healthcare policies, this shift in awareness has prompted changes that aim to improve mental health services and accessibility. For example, many countries have implemented policies that require health insurance to cover mental health treatments just as they would physical health treatments. This ensures that more people can afford to get the help they need. Additionally, there has been an increase in funding for mental health programs, including those in schools and workplaces, which focus on early intervention and prevention.

Public campaigns and educational programs have also played a crucial role in changing perceptions and policies. Campaigns such as World Mental Health Day and Mental Health Awareness Month bring attention to the importance of mental health, encouraging people to seek help and support each other. Schools and workplaces are increasingly offering mental health training and resources, which helps create environments where mental well-being is prioritized.

Overall, the increase in mental health awareness has led to a more supportive and understanding society, as well as significant improvements in healthcare policies, making mental health care more accessible and equitable for all.

Examine the influence of artificial intelligence on creative industries such as music, writing, and art. Discuss whether AI can truly be creative or if it merely mimics human creativity. Use specific examples to support your points.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted creative industries such as music, writing, and art. AI tools like deep learning algorithms and neural networks can produce music compositions, generate written content, and create visual art pieces. These advancements have sparked debates about whether AI can be truly creative or if it merely mimics human creativity.

In the music industry, AI can compose songs by analyzing patterns in existing music. For example, AI programs have created symphonies in the style of famous composers like Beethoven. These compositions can be impressive, but they often lack the emotional depth and personal touch that human composers bring to their work. While AI can generate new music, it does so by processing and combining existing patterns, which suggests it is mimicking rather than creating original content.

In writing, AI tools like language models can generate articles, stories, and even poetry. These models analyze vast amounts of text to learn grammar, style, and structure. While AI-generated writing can be coherent and well-structured, it often lacks the nuanced understanding and emotional resonance of human writing. For instance, an AI can write a news article, but it may miss the subtle insights and perspectives that a human journalist provides.

In the art world, AI can create paintings and digital art by learning from a database of images. AI-generated art can be visually striking and innovative, but it typically relies on pre-existing styles and techniques. This reliance on existing data suggests that AI is imitating rather than inventing new artistic expressions.

In conclusion, while AI has made impressive strides in creative industries, its creations often lack the emotional and personal elements that characterize true human creativity. AI mimics patterns and styles, producing content that is impressive yet fundamentally derivative. Thus, AI's role in creative fields is more about enhancing and augmenting human creativity rather than replacing it.

The aging population in many countries presents economic and social challenges. Discuss the implications of this demographic shift and propose solutions that could alleviate potential problems. Include examples of successful aging policies from around the world.

The aging population in many countries presents both economic and social challenges that need addressing. Economically, an increasing number of elderly people means a higher demand for pensions and healthcare services. This puts pressure on government budgets and can lead to higher taxes or reduced spending in other areas. Additionally, a smaller working-age population can result in a shortage of workers, which can hinder economic growth and productivity.

Socially, the aging population may face issues such as loneliness, inadequate care, and age discrimination. Older individuals often require more healthcare and support services, which can strain family members and social systems. Without proper care, the quality of life for the elderly can significantly decline, leading to increased rates of depression and other health issues.

To alleviate these potential problems, several solutions can be considered. Firstly, policies that encourage higher birth rates, such as family-friendly work policies, child care support, and parental leave, can help balance the age distribution. Secondly, immigration policies that attract younger workers can help mitigate the labor shortage and support the economy.

Implementing successful aging policies is also crucial. For example, in Japan, the government has introduced programs that promote lifelong learning and active aging, encouraging older adults to stay engaged in the workforce and community. Similarly, in Nordic countries, comprehensive social welfare systems ensure that elderly citizens receive adequate healthcare and financial support, reducing the burden on families and improving overall well-being.

By adopting and adapting these policies, countries can better manage the economic and social challenges posed by an aging population, ensuring a more balanced and supportive society for all ages.

The importance of cybersecurity has never been more evident. Discuss the key challenges that individuals and companies face in maintaining digital security. Propose strategies that could improve overall cybersecurity readiness.

The importance of cybersecurity has never been more evident in today's digital age. Both individuals and companies face numerous challenges in maintaining digital security. One key challenge is the increasing sophistication of cyber-attacks. Hackers are constantly developing new methods to breach systems, making it difficult to stay ahead of threats. Another challenge is the human factor. Many security breaches occur due to human error, such as weak passwords or falling for phishing scams. Additionally, the vast amount of data being generated and stored online makes it a lucrative target for cybercriminals.

Companies face the additional challenge of protecting not only their own data but also the data of their customers. This responsibility requires significant resources, both in terms of technology and personnel. Smaller companies, in particular, may struggle to allocate sufficient funds for comprehensive cybersecurity measures.

To improve overall cybersecurity readiness, several strategies can be implemented. First, education and training are crucial. Individuals and employees should be regularly trained on best practices for digital security, such as creating strong passwords and recognizing phishing attempts. Second, companies should invest in robust cybersecurity infrastructure. This includes up-to-date antivirus software, firewalls, and encryption tools to protect sensitive data.

Third, adopting a proactive approach to cybersecurity can make a significant difference. This involves regularly updating software and systems to fix vulnerabilities and conducting frequent security audits to identify potential weaknesses. Lastly, fostering a culture of cybersecurity within organizations can help. Encouraging employees to prioritize security and report suspicious activities can lead to a more secure digital environment.

By addressing these challenges and implementing these strategies, individuals and companies can enhance their cybersecurity readiness and better protect themselves against digital threats.

Explore the ethical implications of genetic engineering in humans. Discuss the potential benefits and risks of editing human DNA, using examples from scientific research or speculative scenarios.

Genetic engineering in humans is a fascinating and controversial topic. On one hand, it offers the potential to eliminate genetic diseases, improve human capabilities, and extend life expectancy. On the other hand, it raises significant ethical concerns about the impact on society and the natural course of human evolution.

One potential benefit of genetic engineering is the ability to eradicate hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis or Huntington's disease. By editing the DNA of embryos, scientists can remove or alter genes that cause these conditions, leading to healthier individuals and potentially reducing the overall burden on healthcare systems. This technology could also be used to enhance human abilities, such as improving intelligence, physical strength, or resistance to diseases.

However, these advancements come with serious ethical risks. One major concern is the possibility of creating a genetic divide in society. If only wealthy individuals can afford genetic enhancements, it could lead to increased inequality and social division. Additionally, there is the risk of unintended consequences. Editing the human genome is complex and not fully understood, and changes could have unforeseen effects on the individual and their descendants.

Furthermore, the idea of "playing God" by altering human DNA raises moral questions. Some argue that it is unnatural and that humans should not interfere with the fundamental aspects of life. Others worry about the loss of genetic diversity and the potential for new forms of discrimination based on genetic characteristics.

In conclusion, while genetic engineering in humans has the potential to bring significant benefits, it also poses serious ethical challenges. Society must carefully consider these implications and establish regulations to ensure that this powerful technology is used responsibly and equitably.

The rise of veganism and plant-based diets has implications for health, the environment, and the economy. Discuss the potential impacts of a widespread shift to plant-based eating.

The rise of veganism and plant-based diets is a significant trend that can affect health, the environment, and the economy in various ways.

Firstly, on health, shifting to a plant-based diet can lead to numerous benefits. Plant-based foods are often rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber, and can help in reducing the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. People who adopt vegan diets may experience improved digestion and overall well-being. However, it is essential to ensure that a plant-based diet is balanced and includes all necessary nutrients, which might require more careful meal planning.

Secondly, the environmental impact of widespread plant-based eating can be profound. The production of plant-based foods generally requires fewer resources, such as water and land, compared to animal-based foods. Additionally, it generates fewer greenhouse gas emissions, which are a significant contributor to climate change. A global shift towards plant-based diets could help reduce deforestation and biodiversity loss, contributing to a healthier planet.

Lastly, the economic implications of a move towards plant-based diets can be both positive and challenging. The demand for plant-based products could spur innovation and growth in the food industry, creating new jobs and market opportunities. However, it might also disrupt traditional agricultural sectors that rely heavily on livestock farming. Farmers and businesses might need support and adaptation strategies to transition to new methods and crops.

In conclusion, a widespread shift to plant-based eating holds potential benefits for health and the environment, while also presenting economic opportunities and challenges. Careful planning and support will be essential to manage this transition effectively.

Debate the pros and cons of implementing a four-day workweek in various industries. Consider productivity, work-life balance, and economic impacts. Provide case studies or hypothetical scenarios to illustrate your points.

Implementing a four-day workweek has both advantages and disadvantages, impacting productivity, work-life balance, and the economy in various ways.

One of the main benefits of a four-day workweek is improved work-life balance. Employees have more time to spend with their families, pursue hobbies, or rest, which can lead to higher job satisfaction and overall well-being. This can also reduce stress and burnout, resulting in happier and healthier employees.

Productivity might also see a boost. With longer weekends, employees may return to work more refreshed and motivated. For instance, some companies that have adopted a four-day workweek report that their workers accomplish the same amount, if not more, in less time. This suggests that shorter workweeks could lead to more focused and efficient work.

However, there are potential downsides. In industries where continuous service is crucial, such as healthcare or customer service, a four-day workweek might be challenging to implement without affecting service quality. Companies may need to hire more staff or adjust shift patterns, which can increase operational costs.

Economic impacts can be mixed. On one hand, reduced work hours can lead to lower operational costs for businesses, such as savings on utilities and office supplies. On the other hand, if productivity does not increase proportionally, companies might face higher labor costs per hour worked, which can affect their competitiveness.

In a hypothetical scenario, consider a tech company that switches to a four-day workweek. Employees might initially enjoy the extra day off, but if deadlines remain tight, the pressure to deliver could increase, potentially leading to stress. Conversely, a creative agency could benefit greatly, as employees might produce higher-quality work due to reduced burnout.

In conclusion, while a four-day workweek offers significant benefits for work-life balance and potential productivity gains, it also presents challenges in maintaining service levels and economic viability in certain industries. Each company must weigh these factors carefully before making a decision.

Examine the role of women in leadership positions within corporations and government. Discuss the barriers they face and propose solutions to increase female representation in leadership roles.

Women in leadership positions within corporations and government play a crucial role in fostering diversity, promoting innovative ideas, and driving social progress. However, they often face significant barriers that hinder their advancement to these roles.

One major barrier is the persistent gender stereotypes that suggest women are less capable leaders compared to men. These stereotypes can lead to biases in hiring and promotion practices, making it harder for women to reach top positions. Additionally, women often struggle with work-life balance due to societal expectations regarding family responsibilities. This challenge can limit their career growth and opportunities for leadership roles.

Another barrier is the lack of mentorship and support networks for women. Men are more likely to have mentors who can guide them and advocate for their career advancement. Without similar support, women may find it more difficult to navigate their career paths and access leadership positions.

To increase female representation in leadership roles, several solutions can be implemented. First, organizations and governments should actively promote gender diversity by setting clear goals and policies to ensure equal opportunities for women. This can include initiatives such as gender quotas or diversity training programs to address unconscious biases.

Second, creating supportive environments for women in the workplace is essential. This can involve offering flexible work arrangements, such as remote work or flexible hours, to help women balance their professional and personal responsibilities. Additionally, establishing mentorship programs specifically for women can provide them with the guidance and support they need to succeed.

Lastly, raising awareness about the importance of gender diversity in leadership can help change societal attitudes and reduce stereotypes. Education and advocacy campaigns can highlight the benefits of having women in leadership positions, encouraging more organizations to prioritize gender equality.

By addressing these barriers and implementing these solutions, we can create a more inclusive and equitable environment where women can thrive in leadership roles, benefiting both organizations and society as a whole.

Write an essay on the impact of social media on modern communication. Discuss how it has changed the way people interact and the consequences for personal relationships and professional communications.

Social media has significantly transformed modern communication, affecting both personal relationships and professional interactions. One of the most noticeable changes is the speed and convenience with which people can now connect. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow individuals to share updates, photos, and messages instantly, regardless of geographical distances. This ease of communication has helped people maintain relationships that might have otherwise faded over time due to physical separation.

In personal relationships, social media has enabled people to stay connected with friends and family, sharing life events and daily experiences. However, it also has downsides. The constant influx of information and the pressure to maintain a certain online image can lead to stress and anxiety. Moreover, online interactions often lack the depth and emotional connection of face-to-face conversations, which can weaken the quality of personal relationships.

Professionally, social media has opened new avenues for networking, marketing, and collaboration. LinkedIn, for example, has become a vital tool for job seekers and employers, enabling them to connect and interact in ways that were not possible before. Businesses use social media to engage with customers, promote products, and build brand loyalty. Despite these benefits, there are challenges as well. Miscommunications can occur easily through text, leading to misunderstandings and conflicts. Additionally, the line between personal and professional lives can become blurred, sometimes leading to issues with privacy and professionalism.

In conclusion, social media has revolutionized communication by making it faster and more accessible. While it has brought many advantages in maintaining relationships and facilitating professional interactions, it also poses challenges that need to be managed carefully to maintain the quality and integrity of our communications.

Discuss the role of renewable energy sources in combating climate change. Evaluate the potential of solar and wind power in replacing fossil fuels and the challenges that might arise during this transition. Use examples from various countries.

Renewable energy sources play a crucial role in combating climate change by reducing the reliance on fossil fuels, which are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Among these renewable sources, solar and wind power stand out for their potential to significantly replace fossil fuels.

Solar power harnesses energy from the sun using photovoltaic panels. Countries like Germany and Australia have made great strides in integrating solar power into their energy grids. Germany, for instance, has implemented policies that encourage the installation of solar panels on rooftops, making solar energy more accessible to households and businesses. Similarly, Australia benefits from its sunny climate, allowing it to generate substantial solar power.

Wind power is another promising renewable energy source. It involves using wind turbines to convert wind energy into electricity. Denmark and the United States are leading examples of countries investing heavily in wind power. Denmark aims to be completely fossil fuel-free by 2050, largely through wind energy. The U.S. has significant wind farms, particularly in states like Texas, which contribute to a cleaner energy mix.

Despite the promise of solar and wind power, several challenges must be addressed during the transition from fossil fuels. One major challenge is the intermittency of these energy sources; the sun doesn’t always shine, and the wind doesn’t always blow. This intermittency requires the development of efficient energy storage systems and smart grids to ensure a reliable supply of electricity.

Another challenge is the initial cost of setting up renewable energy infrastructure. While long-term savings and environmental benefits are substantial, the upfront investment can be a barrier for many countries. Additionally, existing fossil fuel industries may resist the transition due to economic and employment concerns.

In conclusion, while solar and wind power have the potential to replace fossil fuels and mitigate climate change, addressing their intermittency and the economic challenges of transitioning are essential for a successful shift to a sustainable energy future.

Discuss the importance of preserving indigenous languages. What are the broader cultural and societal implications if these languages continue to disappear, and what steps can be taken to revitalize them?

Preserving indigenous languages is crucial for maintaining the cultural heritage and identity of native communities. These languages are not just means of communication but are deeply embedded with the traditions, knowledge, and worldviews of their speakers. When an indigenous language disappears, it takes with it a unique way of understanding and interacting with the world.

The loss of indigenous languages has broader cultural and societal implications. It often leads to the erosion of cultural diversity, as each language carries its own set of stories, practices, and perspectives. This diversity is valuable because it enriches the global tapestry of human culture and provides different ways of thinking and solving problems. Additionally, the disappearance of these languages can lead to a loss of community cohesion and identity, as language is a key component of group solidarity and continuity.

To revitalize indigenous languages, several steps can be taken. First, education systems should incorporate indigenous languages into their curricula, allowing children to learn and use these languages from a young age. Community programs can also play a role, offering classes and activities that encourage the use of indigenous languages in daily life. Additionally, technology can be a powerful tool, with apps and online resources developed to support language learning and usage.

Governments and organizations should support these efforts by providing funding and resources. Policies that recognize and protect indigenous languages can also create an environment where these languages can thrive. By taking these steps, we can help ensure that indigenous languages continue to be a living part of our world, preserving the cultural richness they bring to all of humanity.

Immigration has complex effects on a country's economy and cultural landscape. What are the challenges and benefits of immigration? What steps can governments take to encourage the advantages and mitigate the disadvantages?

Immigration is a multifaceted issue that brings both challenges and benefits to a country's economy and cultural landscape. One major benefit is that immigrants often fill labor shortages, contributing to economic growth and bringing diverse skills and perspectives. They can start businesses, create jobs, and add to the cultural richness of a society by introducing new traditions, foods, and ideas.

However, immigration also presents challenges. Economically, there may be increased competition for jobs, which can lead to tensions with local workers. Socially, there might be difficulties in integrating immigrants into the community, leading to issues such as discrimination or cultural clashes.

Governments can take several steps to maximize the benefits and minimize the challenges of immigration. Firstly, they can implement policies that facilitate the integration of immigrants into society, such as language and cultural education programs. This helps immigrants adapt to their new environment and promotes mutual understanding with the local population.

Secondly, governments can create fair and efficient immigration systems that match immigrants' skills with labor market needs. This ensures that immigrants can contribute effectively to the economy without displacing local workers. Additionally, offering support for immigrant entrepreneurs can stimulate economic growth and innovation.

Lastly, fostering a culture of inclusivity and respect is crucial. Anti-discrimination laws and community-building initiatives can help create a welcoming environment for immigrants, reducing social tensions and fostering a sense of belonging for everyone.

In conclusion, while immigration poses challenges, it also offers significant benefits. With thoughtful policies and a commitment to inclusivity, governments can harness the positive aspects of immigration while addressing its potential downsides.

The future of work is being reshaped by automation and robotics. What are the potential benefits for the workforce and employers, and what strategies can be implemented to address the challenges this change brings?

Automation and robotics are transforming the future of work, bringing both benefits and challenges. For the workforce, these technologies can improve job efficiency and safety by taking over repetitive or dangerous tasks. This shift allows workers to focus on more complex and creative activities, potentially increasing job satisfaction and opening up new career opportunities. For employers, automation and robotics can lead to cost savings, higher productivity, and consistent quality in production. These benefits can enhance a company's competitiveness and profitability.

However, the transition to a more automated workplace also presents challenges. Workers may face job displacement, requiring new skills to stay relevant in the changing job market. This can lead to economic instability for those unable to adapt quickly. Employers, on the other hand, must invest in new technologies and manage the integration of robots and automation systems, which can be costly and complex.

To address these challenges, several strategies can be implemented. For the workforce, continuous education and training programs are essential. These programs can help workers acquire new skills and adapt to new roles created by automation. Additionally, promoting a culture of lifelong learning can encourage employees to stay updated with technological advancements.

For employers, a phased approach to automation can be beneficial. Gradually introducing new technologies allows time for adjustment and reduces the risk of large-scale disruptions. Collaborating with educational institutions and governments can also help create a supportive ecosystem for both workers and businesses.

In conclusion, while automation and robotics offer significant benefits, careful planning and proactive strategies are crucial to ensuring a smooth transition for both the workforce and employers.

"Fast fashion" refers to the rapid production of large quantities of stylish clothing. It often leads to a lot of waste because once a particular style goes out of fashion, no one wants the clothing any longer. Why is "fast fashion" so popular? Should anything be done to address to the issues associated with it?

Fast fashion is popular for several reasons. Firstly, it offers trendy clothing at affordable prices, making it accessible to a wide range of people. Consumers can quickly update their wardrobes with the latest styles without spending a lot of money. This instant gratification appeals to many, especially younger generations who are influenced by social media and celebrity trends. Additionally, fast fashion brands often release new collections frequently, creating a sense of urgency and excitement among shoppers.

However, fast fashion has significant drawbacks, primarily its environmental impact. The rapid production cycle leads to a high turnover of clothing, resulting in a massive amount of waste. Many of these clothes end up in landfills because they are made of low-quality materials that do not last long. Moreover, the production processes of fast fashion often involve harmful chemicals and significant water usage, contributing to pollution and resource depletion.

To address these issues, several steps can be taken. One approach is to promote sustainable fashion practices. Consumers can be encouraged to buy fewer, higher-quality items that last longer. Additionally, brands can adopt more eco-friendly production methods and use sustainable materials. Another solution is to increase awareness about the environmental impact of fast fashion. Educating people on the consequences of their purchasing choices can lead to more responsible consumer behavior.

In conclusion, while fast fashion's popularity is driven by affordability and trendiness, its negative environmental effects cannot be ignored. By promoting sustainability and raising awareness, we can help mitigate the issues associated with fast fashion.

Mental health has long been an overlooked aspect of our health. However, mental health issues are increasingly discussed more openly. What has caused this increased awareness of the importance of mental health? What other measures could be taken to further increase awareness?

The increased awareness of mental health can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the rise of social media and digital platforms has played a significant role. These platforms allow people to share their personal experiences and struggles with mental health more openly, creating a community of support and understanding. Stories that once went untold are now shared widely, helping to reduce stigma and encourage others to seek help.

Secondly, there has been a growing recognition within the healthcare community of the importance of mental health. Doctors and healthcare professionals now emphasize that mental health is just as crucial as physical health. This shift in perspective has led to more discussions about mental well-being in medical settings and more resources being allocated to mental health services.

Celebrities and public figures have also contributed to this increased awareness. When well-known individuals speak out about their mental health struggles, it resonates with the public and normalizes the conversation around mental health. Their influence helps to break down the barriers and misconceptions associated with mental health issues.

To further increase awareness, educational institutions should integrate mental health education into their curriculums. Teaching students about mental health from a young age can help them understand and manage their emotions better. Additionally, workplaces should implement mental health programs and provide resources for employees to seek help without fear of judgment.

Public campaigns and community programs can also play a significant role. By organizing events, workshops, and seminars, communities can foster a more supportive environment for discussing mental health. Increased funding for mental health research and services is crucial to ensure that those who need help can access it easily. Overall, continued efforts in education, community support, and resource allocation are essential for sustaining and furthering the awareness of mental health.

Debate the necessity and effectiveness of international aid. Is aid beneficial to developing countries, or does it lead to dependency? Provide examples to support your argument.

International aid is a topic of great debate, with arguments both for and against its necessity and effectiveness. On one hand, international aid is seen as crucial for helping developing countries overcome poverty, improve healthcare, and build infrastructure. For example, aid can provide immediate relief in times of crisis, such as natural disasters, by supplying food, clean water, and medical assistance. It can also support long-term development projects, like building schools and hospitals, which are essential for a country's growth and stability.

However, there are concerns that international aid can lead to dependency. When countries rely heavily on aid, they may not develop the necessary skills and resources to sustain themselves. This dependency can create a cycle where aid is continuously needed, rather than fostering self-sufficiency. For instance, some argue that aid can discourage local businesses and agricultural industries, as people may prefer free or subsidized goods over locally produced ones.

Moreover, the effectiveness of aid is often questioned due to issues like corruption and mismanagement. In some cases, aid money does not reach the intended recipients but is instead lost through bureaucratic inefficiencies or siphoned off by corrupt officials. This not only wastes resources but can also undermine trust in international aid efforts.

In conclusion, while international aid has the potential to bring significant benefits to developing countries, it must be carefully managed to avoid fostering dependency and to ensure that the aid reaches those who need it most. Building sustainable systems and empowering local communities are essential to making aid truly effective.

Celebrity endorsements play a significant role in modern marketing strategies. Analyze their impact on consumer behavior and how they influence the perception of brands.

Celebrity endorsements are a powerful tool in modern marketing, significantly impacting consumer behavior and brand perception. When celebrities endorse products, their fans and followers often view these products more favorably. This is because people tend to trust and admire their favorite celebrities, believing that if a product is good enough for them, it must be good enough for everyone.

This influence can be seen in various ways. For instance, a sports star endorsing a particular brand of sneakers can lead to increased sales among their fans who aspire to emulate their success and lifestyle. Similarly, when a popular actor promotes a skincare brand, consumers might believe that using these products will help them achieve similar beauty and confidence.

Celebrity endorsements also help in building brand credibility. A well-known and respected celebrity can lend their positive image to a brand, making it appear more trustworthy and high-quality. This can be especially important for new or lesser-known brands trying to establish themselves in a competitive market.

However, there are potential downsides to this strategy. If a celebrity faces a scandal or public backlash, the brands they endorse can suffer as a result. Consumers might also feel deceived if they find out that the celebrity does not genuinely use or believe in the product they are promoting.

In conclusion, celebrity endorsements can greatly influence consumer behavior and brand perception, making them a valuable marketing strategy. However, companies must carefully choose the right celebrities and manage these relationships to avoid potential risks.

Discuss the role of scientific research in shaping public policy on health issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic. How can governments better utilize scientific advice to make informed decisions?

Scientific research plays a crucial role in shaping public policy, especially in health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. During such times, governments rely heavily on scientific findings to formulate effective strategies to protect public health. Researchers provide essential information on virus transmission, effective treatments, and preventive measures, guiding policymakers in their decisions.

One significant aspect of scientific research is its ability to offer evidence-based recommendations. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists conducted numerous studies to understand how the virus spreads and which interventions are most effective. This information helped governments implement measures such as social distancing, mask-wearing, and vaccination campaigns. Without scientific input, these policies might have been less effective or even harmful.

To better utilize scientific advice, governments can take several steps. Firstly, they should establish clear communication channels between scientists and policymakers. This ensures that scientific findings are promptly and accurately conveyed to those making decisions. Secondly, governments should foster a culture of trust in science among the public. By promoting transparency and explaining the rationale behind policies, they can improve compliance and reduce misinformation.

Additionally, governments should invest in continuous scientific research and ensure that funding is available for studies that address emerging health threats. This proactive approach enables a quicker and more efficient response to future crises. Finally, involving a diverse range of experts from various fields can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the situation, leading to more robust policy decisions.

In conclusion, scientific research is vital for informing public health policy, especially during pandemics. By improving communication, fostering trust, investing in research, and involving diverse experts, governments can better utilize scientific advice to make informed decisions and protect public health.

PTE-How to score 90 in writing using templates

Scoring a 90 in the PTE (Pearson Test of English) Writing section is a challenging yet achievable goal, especially when armed with the right strategies and tools. In this blog post, we'll delve into the art of acing the PTE Writing section by harnessing the power of templates. Templates serve as structured frameworks that provide a systematic approach to addressing different writing tasks, helping you organize your thoughts coherently and showcase your language proficiency effectively.

Understand the PTE Writing Tasks:

To score well in the PTE Writing section, it's crucial to comprehend the specific requirements of each task. Familiarize yourself with the various question types, such as Summarize Written Text, Write Essay, and Reorder Paragraphs. Understanding the nuances of each task will guide you in selecting the most suitable template for the job.

Choose Appropriate Templates:

Templates act as blueprints for your responses. Create or select templates tailored to each writing task. For instance, your essay template should include a clear introduction, body paragraphs with supporting details, and a concise conclusion. Adjust your templates based on the specific requirements of the prompt.

Practice Regularly:

Practice is the key to perfection. Regularly engage in writing practice sessions using a variety of prompts. This not only hones your writing skills but also allows you to refine and adapt your templates to different contexts. Aim for a diverse range of topics to enhance your adaptability.

Time Management:

Time is of the essence in the PTE Writing section. Develop a sense of time management during practice sessions. Allocate a specific amount of time for brainstorming, outlining, and writing within the given time constraints. This habit will prove invaluable on the test day.

Focus on Vocabulary and Sentence Structure:

Templates are not just about structure; they are also an opportunity to showcase your language proficiency. Use a varied and sophisticated vocabulary to express your ideas. Experiment with different sentence structures to add depth and complexity to your writing. Avoid repetition and aim for clarity.

Adapt Templates to Task-Specific Requirements:

While having a generic template is helpful, it's equally important to adapt it according to the unique demands of each task. For instance, a Summarize Written Text template may focus on conciseness and paraphrasing, while an Essay template emphasizes argument development and critical thinking.

Review and Refine:

Regularly review and refine your templates based on feedback and self-assessment. Pay attention to common errors and areas of improvement. This iterative process will help you fine-tune your approach and enhance your overall writing performance.

Simulate Test Conditions:

Practice writing under simulated test conditions to acclimate yourself to the actual test environment. Mimicking the time constraints and pressure will contribute to better performance on the test day.

Seek Feedback:

Don't hesitate to seek feedback from teachers, peers, or online platforms. Constructive criticism can offer valuable insights into areas for improvement and help you identify blind spots in your writing.

Stay Calm and Confident:

Finally, approach the PTE Writing section with confidence. Trust in the templates you've meticulously prepared, and stay calm during the test. Confidence contributes significantly to the clarity and coherence of your writing.

Also read: PTE 'Describe Image' Mastery: Templates for Your Success

Conclusion:

Achieving a score of 90 in the PTE Writing section requires a combination of strategic planning, diligent practice, and the right templates. By understanding the intricacies of each writing task, selecting appropriate templates, and refining your skills through consistent practice, you can confidently navigate the challenges of the PTE Writing section and secure a stellar score. Remember, templates are not just tools; they are your allies in showcasing your language proficiency in the best possible light.

FAQS (PTE-How to score 90 in writing using templates)

Q1: What is the PTE Writing section, and why is achieving a score of 90 important?

A1: The PTE Writing section is part of the Pearson Test of English, assessing your ability to express ideas clearly and coherently. Achieving a score of 90 is significant as it reflects a high level of language proficiency, often required for academic and professional purposes.

Q2: How do templates contribute to scoring well in PTE Writing?

A2: Templates provide a structured framework for organizing thoughts and ideas. They guide test-takers in addressing different writing tasks systematically, enhancing clarity and coherence in their responses.

Q3: Are there specific templates for each type of PTE Writing task?

A3: Yes, templates should be tailored to each writing task. For instance, an essay template would differ from a summarization template. Adapting templates to the task at hand is crucial for optimal performance.

Q4: Can using templates make my responses sound repetitive or formulaic?

A4: While templates provide structure, it's important to avoid sounding overly formulaic. They should be adaptable and allow for flexibility in addressing diverse prompts, ensuring your responses remain fresh and engaging.

Q5: How can I effectively manage time during the PTE Writing section using templates? A5: Time management is crucial. Practice writing within time constraints, allocate specific time for brainstorming and outlining, and refine your ability to produce well-structured responses efficiently.

Q6: Is it necessary to have a strong vocabulary when using templates?

A6: Yes, a strong and varied vocabulary is essential. Templates not only help with structure but also provide an opportunity to showcase language proficiency. Experiment with different words and phrases to enhance the richness of your responses.

Q7: Can templates be modified for different essay topics?

A7: Absolutely. While having a base essay template is helpful, it's crucial to adapt it to suit the specific requirements and nuances of different essay topics. This customization ensures relevance and coherence in your responses.

Q8: How do I overcome writer's block during the PTE Writing section?

A8: Practice is key to overcoming writer's block. Additionally, having a pre-established template can serve as a starting point and help jumpstart your writing process when faced with challenges.

Q9: Should I seek feedback on my templates and writing style?

A9: Yes, seeking feedback is highly beneficial. Constructive criticism from teachers, peers, or online platforms can provide valuable insights, helping you identify areas for improvement and refine your templates.

Q10: Can confidence impact performance in the PTE Writing section?

A10: Absolutely. Confidence plays a significant role. Trusting in your templates, staying calm during the test, and approaching each task with confidence contribute to the clarity and coherence of your writing.

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PTE Success

PTE General

PTE Score Chart Explained: Guide for Test-Takers & Educators

1. Introduction

Welcome to the world of PTE (Pearson Test of English) , a globally recognized English proficiency test. Whether you're a test-taker, an educator, or an employer, understanding the PTE Score Chart is crucial. It's not just about knowing your score; it's about understanding what that score means. But don't worry, we've got you covered! Let's dive in.

2. The Basics of PTE Scoring

Before we get into the nitty-gritty, let's start with the basics. The PTE scoring range, the communicative skills scores, and the enabling skills scores - what do they all mean?

2.1 PTE Scoring Range

PTE scores range from 10 to 90 points. This scoring is designed to provide a granular and accurate measurement of a test-taker's English proficiency.

PTE Scoring Range and Test-taker Distribution: This line chart visualizes the range of PTE scores and the hypothetical number of test-takers within each score range.

2.2 Communicative Skills Scores

These scores reflect your abilities in the four main language skills: Speaking, Writing, Reading, and Listening. Each of these skills is tested and scored separately. Want to know more about how these scores are calculated? Check out our detailed PTE Exam Format guide.

weightage-of-communicative-skills-in-pte

Weightage of Communicative Skills in PTE: The pie chart showcases the equal distribution of weightage among the four communicative skills.

2.3 Enabling Skills Scores

These scores give a more detailed view of your English proficiency. They include grammar, oral fluency, pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, and written discourse. For a deep dive into written discourse, don't miss our guide on PTE Written Discourse .

Table: PTE Score Breakdown

3. breakdown of pte sections and scoring.

Now that you've got a handle on the basics, let's break down each section of the PTE. We'll look at the different tasks, their weightage, common pitfalls, and tips to ace them.

Number of Tasks in Each PTE Section: This bar chart provides a quick look at the number of tasks in each section of the PTE exam.

3.1 Speaking

The speaking section tests your ability to produce spoken English in an academic environment. It includes tasks like read aloud, repeat sentence, describe image, and more. But how are these tasks scored? And what strategies can you use to improve your scores? Let's find out in our PTE Speaking Format guide.

3.2 Writing

In the PTE writing section, your ability to produce written English in an academic context is put to the test. The tasks include writing an essay and summarizing written text.

3.2.1 Essay Writing

In this task, you'll be asked to write a 200-300 word essay on a given topic. You'll be scored on content, form, grammar, vocabulary, spelling, and written discourse. Want to ace this task? Check out our guide on PTE Essay Writing .

3.2.2 Summarizing Written Text

Here, you'll need to summarize a text of about 300 words into a single sentence. This task tests your ability to understand, analyze, and condense information. For tips on mastering this task, head over to our PTE Summarize Written Text guide.

3.3 Reading

The reading section assesses your ability to understand written English. It includes tasks like multiple-choice questions, re-order paragraphs, and fill in the blanks.

3.3.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

These questions test your ability to understand explicit and implicit information, as well as your ability to infer the author's perspective or intent. For strategies on tackling these questions, read our PTE Multiple-Choice Questions guide.

3.3.2 Re-order Paragraphs

In this task, you'll be given a set of sentences that form a text when correctly arranged. This tests your understanding of the logical structure of a text. For tips on acing this task, see our guide on PTE Re-order Paragraphs .

3.3.3 Fill in the Blanks

This task requires you to complete a text by filling in the blanks with appropriate words. It tests your vocabulary and understanding of context. For strategies to master this task, check out our PTE Fill in the Blanks guide.

3.4 Listening

The listening section measures your ability to understand spoken English. This section is packed with tasks like summarizing spoken text, multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, and more.

3.4.1 Summarizing Spoken Text

In this task, you'll listen to a recording and then write a 50-70 word summary. It tests your listening and writing skills, as well as your ability to understand and condense information. For strategies on mastering this task, check out our PTE Summarize Spoken Text guide.

3.4.2 Multiple-Choice Questions

These questions test your ability to understand explicit and implicit information from a recording. For tips on tackling these questions, read our PTE Listening Multiple-Choice Questions guide.

3.4.3 Fill in the Blanks

This task requires you to complete a transcription of a recording by filling in the missing words. It tests your listening skills and understanding of context. For strategies to master this task, check out our PTE Listening Fill in the Blanks guide.

4. Interpretation of PTE Scores

Understanding your PTE score is more than just knowing your total score. It's about understanding what that score means in terms of your English proficiency and how educational institutions might interpret it.

4.1 What is a Good PTE Score?

A "good" PTE score can vary depending on your goals. For example, to study in a top university, you might need a score of 65 or above. However, for immigration purposes, a score of 50 might be sufficient. For a detailed breakdown of what constitutes a good score, check out our guide on What is a Good PTE Score? .

4.2 How Educational Institutions Interpret Scores

Different institutions may have different requirements for PTE scores. Some may look at your overall score, while others may focus on your scores in specific sections. Our PTE Score Guide for Universities provides a comprehensive look at how various universities interpret PTE scores.

5. PTE Scores vs. Other English Tests

When it comes to English proficiency tests, PTE is not the only game in town. Other popular tests include IELTS, TOEFL, and more. But how do PTE scores compare with these other tests?

![acceptance-rates-of-pte-vs-other-english-tests]( https://www.pineapplestudio.com.au/pte_success_v2/images/layout/blog-images/pte-chart-explained/acceptance-rates of-pte-vs-other-english-tests.webp)

Acceptance Rates of PTE vs. Other English Tests: This bar chart compares the acceptance rates of PTE with other prominent English tests like IELTS and TOEFL.

5.1 PTE vs. IELTS

Both PTE and IELTS measure English proficiency, but they do so in slightly different ways. IELTS uses a band score of 1-9, while PTE uses a numerical score of 10-90. For a detailed comparison, check out our PTE vs. IELTS guide.

5.2 PTE vs. TOEFL

TOEFL, like PTE, uses a numerical scoring system, but the range is 0-120. Both tests are accepted by many institutions worldwide, but there are differences in format, delivery, and scoring. Learn more in our PTE vs. TOEFL guide.

6. Common Misconceptions about PTE Scoring

Common Misconceptions about PTE Scoring: The donut chart offers insight into the prevalence of common misconceptions among test-takers.

List of Common Misconceptions :

All Sections Weight Equally : While all sections contribute to the overall score, they don't carry the same weight.
Guessing is Penalty-Free : Incorrect answers, especially in multiple-choice tasks, can lead to penalties.
Higher English Proficiency Guarantees High Score : Familiarity with the test format and strategies is also crucial.
One Bad Section Won't Affect Overall Score Much : Every section is important, and a poor performance in one can significantly impact the overall score.

7. Tips for Improving Your PTE Score

Now that we've debunked some common misconceptions, let's focus on how you can improve your PTE score. Here are some top tips:

7.1 Understand the Test Format

Knowing the test format inside out will help you manage your time effectively and approach each task strategically. Our PTE Exam Format guide can help you with this.

7.2 Practice Regularly

Regular practice is key to improving your English skills and test-taking strategies. Our PTE Practice Tests offer real exam questions and detailed scorecards to help you improve.

7.3 Use the Right Resources

Using quality resources can make a big difference in your preparation. Check out our PTE Study Material for comprehensive and up-to-date resources.

7.4 Get Feedback

Feedback on your performance can help you identify your strengths and weaknesses. Our PTE Scored Mock Test provides detailed feedback on all tasks.

7.5 Stay Calm and Confident

Test-taking can be stressful, but staying calm and confident can help you perform at your best. Check out our PTE Test Day Tips for strategies to stay cool under pressure.

8. "People Also Ask" Section:

Here are some common questions we get about PTE scoring:

How often can I retake the PTE?

You can retake the PTE as many times as you want, but you must wait until you receive your scores from the previous test before booking a new one. Learn more in our PTE Retake Policy guide.

Do all sections weigh equally in the PTE?

No, the sections do not all carry the same weight. For instance, speaking tasks also contribute to your writing and reading scores. Check out our PTE Scoring System guide for more details.

How is the PTE different from IELTS or TOEFL?

PTE, IELTS, and TOEFL all measure English proficiency, but they have different formats, delivery methods, and scoring systems. Check out our PTE vs. IELTS and PTE vs. TOEFL guides for detailed comparisons.

Can I challenge my PTE score?

Yes, you can request a rescore if you believe your PTE score is inaccurate. However, rescoring may result in a higher, lower, or unchanged score. Learn more in our PTE Rescore Request guide.

9. Real-life Stories and Case Studies

Understanding the PTE Score Chart can make a significant difference in your test preparation and performance. Here are some real-life stories and case studies that illustrate this:

9.1 Case Study: From 65 to 79 in One Month

Meet Ananya, a student who needed a PTE score of 79 for her Australian visa application. Despite her strong English skills, she initially scored 65. After understanding the PTE Score Chart and focusing on her weak areas, she improved her score to 79 in just one month! Read more about Ananya's journey in our PTE Success Stories .

9.2 Personal Experience: The Importance of Mock Tests

Raj, a PTE test-taker, shares his experience of how taking mock tests helped him understand the scoring system better. He credits his success in the PTE to the detailed feedback he received from our PTE Scored Mock Test .

10. Conclusion

Understanding the PTE Score Chart is crucial for your test preparation and score interpretation. It helps you identify your strengths and weaknesses, strategize effectively, and interpret your scores accurately. Remember, success in the PTE is not just about your English skills, but also about understanding the test and using the right strategies. So, keep practicing, stay confident, and you'll be on your way to PTE success!

11. Additional Resources

For further help with your PTE preparation, check out these resources:

PTE Exam Format : Understand the format of the PTE test.
PTE Study Material : Access comprehensive and up-to-date study material for the PTE.
PTE Practice Tests : Practice with real exam questions and get detailed scorecards.
PTE Scored Mock Test : Get detailed feedback on all tasks to understand your performance.

With this comprehensive guide, we hope to have demystified the PTE Score Chart for you. Remember, understanding your score is key to improving it. So, keep practicing, stay confident, and you'll be on your way to PTE success!

Need help for your PTE preparation ?

Simple and madly effective Online Preparation Tool that helps you boost your score from 50 up to 90 in no time. Try out now, no credit card needed!

Divya Umesh

Divya is a blog writer and Netflix addict. Like many international students, she moved to Australia to enjoy a peaceful lifestyle. Her passion and determination took her from an internship program to a leading role in the communication team.

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PTE Self Study | Our Steps To Study From Home Effectively

Are you looking to self-study from home? In this article, you'll discover the crash course way to pass the exam without making studying a full-time job.

How To Book A PTE Academic Test ?

This article tells you how to book a PTE academic test in 11 steps. All you need to do is follow each step one by one.

PTE Practice Material

Pte mock tests, pte preparation, pte support.

PTE Mobile app

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Create an account or log in to submit your essays for feedback.

PTE Writing Checker AI Tool

Submit your PTE essay and topic for AI-generated feedback and scoring.

AI PTE Writing Checker Tool to help you improve

The #1 thing you can do to prepare for the writing section of the PTE writing section is to take practice tests . But what good are these tests if you don't know what your scores are?

You can take an PTE preparation course, or hire a private tutor, but these options aren't possible for everyone. You might have an English-speaking friend who can check your writing, but they might not have the right experience with grading academic essays.

That's why I created this PTE writing checker tool built with AI so that you can write as many practice essays as you want and still get quality scores and feedback to help you track your progress.

Discover Your Current PTE Writing Level

This AI PTE grader tool only needs you to submit the essay topic you're writing about and the content of your essay. Then, it analyzes your writing using the same criteria as the official graders of the PTE exam .

The responses won't be exactly like the responses for the actual PTE exam every single time, but they will be more than close enough to help you improve your PTE essays to pass your exam the first time you take it.

With each PTE essay you submit, it will analyze everything about your essay:

sentence structure

use of appropriate transition words

strength of your arguments

cohesion of your arguments and support

spelling mistakes

grammatical range

grammar accuracy

lexical resource

vocabulary usage

It will also tell you how well-organized your essay is, and what you can do to improve that organization.

If you incorrectly used some vocabulary, it will point that out to you, and tell you the correct way to write it on your actual PTE test. It will judge how well your sample essays match with the expected task response, as it has been trained on previous mock tests and sample essays from other PTE students.

Personalized Feedback for Improvement

Normally getting personalized feedback for this amount of PTE essays would cost you a lot of money. But with this PTE writing grader tool, you can get personalized feedback on your PTE essay every single time you write one, for only $5 a month .

Submit as many writing tasks as you want and get a band score and analysis of your essay, including suggestions for improving your writing and score every single time.

Whether you're struggling with Task 1 or Task 2, it can help you improve all the weak points in your writing that might be holding you back on your writing task submissions.

Targeted Guidance to Boost Your Score

While it may not be a 100% perfect replacement for an actual British Council examiner sitting at your kitchen table helping grade your essays every night, it's certainly a great tool to help you score higher on your PTE essay .

By giving targeted guidance on the points that you can improve according to the official PTE writing rubric, you can get the higher score on your PTE essay that you need.

The process of getting high scores on your PTE writing section takes a lot of time and practice on your part. By offering you this AI PTE writing checker tool, I want to make sure that you get as many opportunities to get help with that hard work as you can.

Efficiency and Convenience at Your Fingertips

You can try the PTE essay grader tool for FREE twice before you need to purchase the paid version of the tool, just so you can make sure it works for you, and to make sure you're confident about using it on your writing task practice before paying any money.

I've had so many PTE academic students tell me this helped them a ton, not only with their PTE writing score but also with their writing skills in general.

Take Control of Your PTE Writing Journey

PTE writing score progress tracking dashboard

Whether you need to take the PTE academic or the general training version of the exam, this tool can help you improve your scores.

The biggest difficulty for PTE students is usually that the essay is not all about your English skills, it's about your academic writing skills. You need to be able to write effectively, with clear and organized arguments that the examiners can easily understand.

Hitting the word count, using the right vocabulary, appropriate cohesive devices, and having proper spelling, are just a few of the details you need to keep track of as you prepare for your PTE writing exam.

But if you use this AI PTE writing grader tool, you won't have to keep track of it alone.

Not only will you get personalized feedback, but you can save your essay submissions and see how your scores have changed over time . You can also look back to see the progress you've made or remind yourself of the feedback from the tool.

Take advantage of the technology available and give this tool a shot to prepare for your PTE essay. You'll be happy you did, and your future self will thank you later after you've passed your PTE exam on your first try .

Acing the PTE Academic Essay: Key Strategies and Insights

The PTE Academic Essay is a critical component of the Pearson Test of English (PTE) Academic , designed to assess a candidate's ability to write an essay in response to a prompt using correct English while organizing their ideas logically. This task measures writing skills in an academic context and is crucial for those looking to study in English-speaking environments. Here's what students need to know to excel:

Understanding the Essay Format: The PTE Essay is a 200-300 word written response to a single prompt. Candidates need to develop their argument coherently and persuasively.
Recognized Internationally: Success in the PTE Essay is highly valued by universities and employers worldwide as evidence of strong writing and critical thinking skills.

Essential Focus Areas for Success in the PTE Academic Essay

Effective strategies to excel in the PTE Academic Essay include:

Structure and Organization: Essays should have a clear structure, including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each section should logically flow from one to the next, clearly outlining the candidate’s argument.
Clarity of Argument: It's essential to respond directly to the essay prompt with a clear thesis statement and develop arguments that are supported by detailed and relevant examples.
Vocabulary and Language Use: A wide range of vocabulary and grammatical structures should be used effectively to articulate points. The use of advanced vocabulary and varied sentence structures can enhance the sophistication of the essay.
Time Management: With a limited time to plan, write, and review the essay, effective time management is crucial. Practicing under timed conditions can help improve efficiency and ensure that candidates can produce a complete and polished essay within the allotted time.
Critical Thinking and Analysis: Demonstrating the ability to think critically about complex topics and analyze different perspectives is key. This includes evaluating the prompt’s statement, presenting counterarguments, and weaving personal insights into the discussion.

Mastering the PTE Academic Essay requires not just linguistic skills but also the ability to organize thoughts rapidly and express them compellingly within a structured format. This challenge mirrors real-world academic writing tasks, making it a valuable exercise for future studies.

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10 Insider Tips to Ace the PTE Exam and Score 90/90

The Pearson Test of English (PTE) is a computer-based English language proficiency test designed to assess the readiness of non-native English speakers for academic environments. Achieving a perfect score of 90/90 in the PTE can open doors to a plethora of opportunities, from university admissions to visa approvals. However, there are some lesser-known facts about the PTE exam that can significantly impact your preparation and performance. In this blog, we unveil the untold truths of the PTE exam and share ten essential facts you need to know to score 90/90.

1. Understanding the Scoring Algorithm The PTE exam employs an advanced scoring algorithm that assesses multiple aspects of your response, including content, form, and language use. It's crucial to understand how the scoring works to tailor your answers effectively. For instance, while fluency and pronunciation are critical in the speaking section, grammar and coherence are equally important in the writing section.

2. The Importance of Time Management Time management is a vital skill for acing the PTE. Each section of the exam is timed, and knowing how to allocate your time efficiently can make a significant difference. Practice with timed mock tests to get a feel of the actual exam pressure and to improve your speed without compromising accuracy.

3. Practice with Real Exam Conditions Simulating real exam conditions during practice can help you get accustomed to the test environment. This includes using the same type of headset, practicing in a quiet room, and adhering strictly to the time limits. Familiarity with the test format can reduce anxiety and enhance performance.

4. Focus on Your Weaknesses Identifying and working on your weak areas is crucial for achieving a perfect score. Use practice tests to pinpoint your weaknesses and dedicate extra time to improving those areas. Whether it's pronunciation, listening comprehension, or writing coherence, targeted practice can lead to significant improvements.

5. Utilize Official Preparation Materials The official PTE preparation materials are designed to closely mimic the actual test. Make use of these resources, including the official guide, practice tests, and sample questions. These materials provide valuable insights into the types of questions you can expect and the best strategies for answering them.

6. Understand the Role of Partial Credit In the PTE exam, partial credit is awarded for partially correct answers. This means that even if you don't get a question entirely right, you can still score points for the correct portions of your response. Focus on giving the best possible answer even if you're unsure about certain parts.

7. Master the Integrated Skills The PTE exam tests integrated skills, meaning tasks often assess more than one skill simultaneously. For example, a question might evaluate both your listening and writing skills. Practice tasks that require integrated skills to build proficiency across all areas tested.

8. Regular Feedback and Improvement Receiving regular feedback on your practice tests can help you understand your progress and areas needing improvement. Consider using online platforms or enrolling in PTE preparation courses that offer detailed feedback on your performance.

9. Healthy Routine and Stress Management Maintaining a healthy routine, including proper sleep, nutrition, and exercise, can significantly affect your performance. Additionally, stress management techniques such as mindfulness and relaxation exercises can help you stay calm and focused during the exam.

10. Stay Updated with PTE Changes The PTE exam format and scoring criteria can evolve. Staying updated with the latest changes and updates from the official PTE website ensures you are well-prepared and not caught off guard by any new elements introduced in the test.

Conclusion Achieving a perfect score of 90/90 in the PTE exam is no small feat, but with the right preparation and understanding of these untold truths, it is entirely within your reach. By mastering the exam's intricacies, managing your time effectively, and continuously improving your skills, you can approach the PTE with confidence and achieve your desired score. Happy studying and best of luck!

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Introducing ‘Essays for IELTS, PTE, TOEFL' – the quintessential writing companion designed to elevate your performance in various exams. Tailored for excellence, this app is your go-to resource for mastering the art of essay writing. - Exam-Centric Mastery: 'Essays for IELTS, PTE, TOEFL' caters to a range of exams, offering a specialized approach to help you conquer the essay sections of IELTS, PTE, TOEFL, and more. - Precision in Writing Models: Immerse yourself in a curated collection of exemplary essays, providing precise guidance on structure, language proficiency, and content mastery. - Targeted Success: From IELTS to PTE and TOEFL, our app delivers tailored materials, ensuring you are well-prepared for the unique demands of each exam's essay writing component. - User-Friendly Interface: Navigate effortlessly through the app's user-friendly interface, focusing your energy on honing your writing skills without any distractions. - Your Personal Essay Companion: 'Essays for IELTS, PTE, TOEFL' is not just an app; it's your dedicated companion on the journey to achieving top scores in essay writing across various exams. Call to Action: Ready to ascend to top scores? Download 'Essays for IELTS, PTE, TOEFL' now and transform your essay writing prowess for success in IELTS, PTE, TOEFL, and beyond. Terms of Use: https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/itunes/dev/stdeula/

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Published: 03 June 2024

Applying large language models for automated essay scoring for non-native Japanese

Wenchao Li 1 &
Haitao Liu 2

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications volume 11 , Article number: 723 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Language and linguistics

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to an increased use of large language models (LLMs) for language assessment tasks such as automated essay scoring (AES), automated listening tests, and automated oral proficiency assessments. The application of LLMs for AES in the context of non-native Japanese, however, remains limited. This study explores the potential of LLM-based AES by comparing the efficiency of different models, i.e. two conventional machine training technology-based methods (Jess and JWriter), two LLMs (GPT and BERT), and one Japanese local LLM (Open-Calm large model). To conduct the evaluation, a dataset consisting of 1400 story-writing scripts authored by learners with 12 different first languages was used. Statistical analysis revealed that GPT-4 outperforms Jess and JWriter, BERT, and the Japanese language-specific trained Open-Calm large model in terms of annotation accuracy and predicting learning levels. Furthermore, by comparing 18 different models that utilize various prompts, the study emphasized the significance of prompts in achieving accurate and reliable evaluations using LLMs.

Scoring method of English composition integrating deep learning in higher vocational colleges

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Detecting contract cheating through linguistic fingerprint

Conventional machine learning technology in aes.

AES has experienced significant growth with the advancement of machine learning technologies in recent decades. In the earlier stages of AES development, conventional machine learning-based approaches were commonly used. These approaches involved the following procedures: a) feeding the machine with a dataset. In this step, a dataset of essays is provided to the machine learning system. The dataset serves as the basis for training the model and establishing patterns and correlations between linguistic features and human ratings. b) the machine learning model is trained using linguistic features that best represent human ratings and can effectively discriminate learners’ writing proficiency. These features include lexical richness (Lu, 2012 ; Kyle and Crossley, 2015 ; Kyle et al. 2021 ), syntactic complexity (Lu, 2010 ; Liu, 2008 ), text cohesion (Crossley and McNamara, 2016 ), and among others. Conventional machine learning approaches in AES require human intervention, such as manual correction and annotation of essays. This human involvement was necessary to create a labeled dataset for training the model. Several AES systems have been developed using conventional machine learning technologies. These include the Intelligent Essay Assessor (Landauer et al. 2003 ), the e-rater engine by Educational Testing Service (Attali and Burstein, 2006 ; Burstein, 2003 ), MyAccess with the InterlliMetric scoring engine by Vantage Learning (Elliot, 2003 ), and the Bayesian Essay Test Scoring system (Rudner and Liang, 2002 ). These systems have played a significant role in automating the essay scoring process and providing quick and consistent feedback to learners. However, as touched upon earlier, conventional machine learning approaches rely on predetermined linguistic features and often require manual intervention, making them less flexible and potentially limiting their generalizability to different contexts.

In the context of the Japanese language, conventional machine learning-incorporated AES tools include Jess (Ishioka and Kameda, 2006 ) and JWriter (Lee and Hasebe, 2017 ). Jess assesses essays by deducting points from the perfect score, utilizing the Mainichi Daily News newspaper as a database. The evaluation criteria employed by Jess encompass various aspects, such as rhetorical elements (e.g., reading comprehension, vocabulary diversity, percentage of complex words, and percentage of passive sentences), organizational structures (e.g., forward and reverse connection structures), and content analysis (e.g., latent semantic indexing). JWriter employs linear regression analysis to assign weights to various measurement indices, such as average sentence length and total number of characters. These weights are then combined to derive the overall score. A pilot study involving the Jess model was conducted on 1320 essays at different proficiency levels, including primary, intermediate, and advanced. However, the results indicated that the Jess model failed to significantly distinguish between these essay levels. Out of the 16 measures used, four measures, namely median sentence length, median clause length, median number of phrases, and maximum number of phrases, did not show statistically significant differences between the levels. Additionally, two measures exhibited between-level differences but lacked linear progression: the number of attributives declined words and the Kanji/kana ratio. On the other hand, the remaining measures, including maximum sentence length, maximum clause length, number of attributive conjugated words, maximum number of consecutive infinitive forms, maximum number of conjunctive-particle clauses, k characteristic value, percentage of big words, and percentage of passive sentences, demonstrated statistically significant between-level differences and displayed linear progression.

Both Jess and JWriter exhibit notable limitations, including the manual selection of feature parameters and weights, which can introduce biases into the scoring process. The reliance on human annotators to label non-native language essays also introduces potential noise and variability in the scoring. Furthermore, an important concern is the possibility of system manipulation and cheating by learners who are aware of the regression equation utilized by the models (Hirao et al. 2020 ). These limitations emphasize the need for further advancements in AES systems to address these challenges.

Deep learning technology in AES

Deep learning has emerged as one of the approaches for improving the accuracy and effectiveness of AES. Deep learning-based AES methods utilize artificial neural networks that mimic the human brain’s functioning through layered algorithms and computational units. Unlike conventional machine learning, deep learning autonomously learns from the environment and past errors without human intervention. This enables deep learning models to establish nonlinear correlations, resulting in higher accuracy. Recent advancements in deep learning have led to the development of transformers, which are particularly effective in learning text representations. Noteworthy examples include bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) (Devlin et al. 2019 ) and the generative pretrained transformer (GPT) (OpenAI).

BERT is a linguistic representation model that utilizes a transformer architecture and is trained on two tasks: masked linguistic modeling and next-sentence prediction (Hirao et al. 2020 ; Vaswani et al. 2017 ). In the context of AES, BERT follows specific procedures, as illustrated in Fig. 1 : (a) the tokenized prompts and essays are taken as input; (b) special tokens, such as [CLS] and [SEP], are added to mark the beginning and separation of prompts and essays; (c) the transformer encoder processes the prompt and essay sequences, resulting in hidden layer sequences; (d) the hidden layers corresponding to the [CLS] tokens (T[CLS]) represent distributed representations of the prompts and essays; and (e) a multilayer perceptron uses these distributed representations as input to obtain the final score (Hirao et al. 2020 ).

AES system with BERT (Hirao et al. 2020 ).

The training of BERT using a substantial amount of sentence data through the Masked Language Model (MLM) allows it to capture contextual information within the hidden layers. Consequently, BERT is expected to be capable of identifying artificial essays as invalid and assigning them lower scores (Mizumoto and Eguchi, 2023 ). In the context of AES for nonnative Japanese learners, Hirao et al. ( 2020 ) combined the long short-term memory (LSTM) model proposed by Hochreiter and Schmidhuber ( 1997 ) with BERT to develop a tailored automated Essay Scoring System. The findings of their study revealed that the BERT model outperformed both the conventional machine learning approach utilizing character-type features such as “kanji” and “hiragana”, as well as the standalone LSTM model. Takeuchi et al. ( 2021 ) presented an approach to Japanese AES that eliminates the requirement for pre-scored essays by relying solely on reference texts or a model answer for the essay task. They investigated multiple similarity evaluation methods, including frequency of morphemes, idf values calculated on Wikipedia, LSI, LDA, word-embedding vectors, and document vectors produced by BERT. The experimental findings revealed that the method utilizing the frequency of morphemes with idf values exhibited the strongest correlation with human-annotated scores across different essay tasks. The utilization of BERT in AES encounters several limitations. Firstly, essays often exceed the model’s maximum length limit. Second, only score labels are available for training, which restricts access to additional information.

Mizumoto and Eguchi ( 2023 ) were pioneers in employing the GPT model for AES in non-native English writing. Their study focused on evaluating the accuracy and reliability of AES using the GPT-3 text-davinci-003 model, analyzing a dataset of 12,100 essays from the corpus of nonnative written English (TOEFL11). The findings indicated that AES utilizing the GPT-3 model exhibited a certain degree of accuracy and reliability. They suggest that GPT-3-based AES systems hold the potential to provide support for human ratings. However, applying GPT model to AES presents a unique natural language processing (NLP) task that involves considerations such as nonnative language proficiency, the influence of the learner’s first language on the output in the target language, and identifying linguistic features that best indicate writing quality in a specific language. These linguistic features may differ morphologically or syntactically from those present in the learners’ first language, as observed in (1)–(3).

我-送了-他-一本-书

Wǒ-sòngle-tā-yī běn-shū

1 sg .-give. past- him-one .cl- book

“I gave him a book.”

Agglutinative

彼-に-本-を-あげ-まし-た

Kare-ni-hon-o-age-mashi-ta

3 sg .- dat -hon- acc- give.honorification. past

Inflectional

give, give-s, gave, given, giving

Additionally, the morphological agglutination and subject-object-verb (SOV) order in Japanese, along with its idiomatic expressions, pose additional challenges for applying language models in AES tasks (4).

足-が棒-になり-ました

Ashi-ga bo-ni nar-mashita

leg- nom stick- dat become- past

“My leg became like a stick (I am extremely tired).”

The example sentence provided demonstrates the morpho-syntactic structure of Japanese and the presence of an idiomatic expression. In this sentence, the verb “なる” (naru), meaning “to become”, appears at the end of the sentence. The verb stem “なり” (nari) is attached with morphemes indicating honorification (“ます” - mashu) and tense (“た” - ta), showcasing agglutination. While the sentence can be literally translated as “my leg became like a stick”, it carries an idiomatic interpretation that implies “I am extremely tired”.

To overcome this issue, CyberAgent Inc. ( 2023 ) has developed the Open-Calm series of language models specifically designed for Japanese. Open-Calm consists of pre-trained models available in various sizes, such as Small, Medium, Large, and 7b. Figure 2 depicts the fundamental structure of the Open-Calm model. A key feature of this architecture is the incorporation of the Lora Adapter and GPT-NeoX frameworks, which can enhance its language processing capabilities.

GPT-NeoX Model Architecture (Okgetheng and Takeuchi 2024 ).

In a recent study conducted by Okgetheng and Takeuchi ( 2024 ), they assessed the efficacy of Open-Calm language models in grading Japanese essays. The research utilized a dataset of approximately 300 essays, which were annotated by native Japanese educators. The findings of the study demonstrate the considerable potential of Open-Calm language models in automated Japanese essay scoring. Specifically, among the Open-Calm family, the Open-Calm Large model (referred to as OCLL) exhibited the highest performance. However, it is important to note that, as of the current date, the Open-Calm Large model does not offer public access to its server. Consequently, users are required to independently deploy and operate the environment for OCLL. In order to utilize OCLL, users must have a PC equipped with an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 (8 or 12 GB VRAM).

In summary, while the potential of LLMs in automated scoring of nonnative Japanese essays has been demonstrated in two studies—BERT-driven AES (Hirao et al. 2020 ) and OCLL-based AES (Okgetheng and Takeuchi, 2024 )—the number of research efforts in this area remains limited.

Another significant challenge in applying LLMs to AES lies in prompt engineering and ensuring its reliability and effectiveness (Brown et al. 2020 ; Rae et al. 2021 ; Zhang et al. 2021 ). Various prompting strategies have been proposed, such as the zero-shot chain of thought (CoT) approach (Kojima et al. 2022 ), which involves manually crafting diverse and effective examples. However, manual efforts can lead to mistakes. To address this, Zhang et al. ( 2021 ) introduced an automatic CoT prompting method called Auto-CoT, which demonstrates matching or superior performance compared to the CoT paradigm. Another prompt framework is trees of thoughts, enabling a model to self-evaluate its progress at intermediate stages of problem-solving through deliberate reasoning (Yao et al. 2023 ).

Beyond linguistic studies, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of foreign workers in Japan and Japanese learners worldwide (Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan, 2022 ; Japan Foundation, 2021 ). However, existing assessment methods, such as the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT), J-CAT, and TTBJ Footnote 1 , primarily focus on reading, listening, vocabulary, and grammar skills, neglecting the evaluation of writing proficiency. As the number of workers and language learners continues to grow, there is a rising demand for an efficient AES system that can reduce costs and time for raters and be utilized for employment, examinations, and self-study purposes.

This study aims to explore the potential of LLM-based AES by comparing the effectiveness of five models: two LLMs (GPT Footnote 2 and BERT), one Japanese local LLM (OCLL), and two conventional machine learning-based methods (linguistic feature-based scoring tools - Jess and JWriter).

The research questions addressed in this study are as follows:

To what extent do the LLM-driven AES and linguistic feature-based AES, when used as automated tools to support human rating, accurately reflect test takers’ actual performance?

What influence does the prompt have on the accuracy and performance of LLM-based AES methods?

The subsequent sections of the manuscript cover the methodology, including the assessment measures for nonnative Japanese writing proficiency, criteria for prompts, and the dataset. The evaluation section focuses on the analysis of annotations and rating scores generated by LLM-driven and linguistic feature-based AES methods.

Methodology

The dataset utilized in this study was obtained from the International Corpus of Japanese as a Second Language (I-JAS) Footnote 3 . This corpus consisted of 1000 participants who represented 12 different first languages. For the study, the participants were given a story-writing task on a personal computer. They were required to write two stories based on the 4-panel illustrations titled “Picnic” and “The key” (see Appendix A). Background information for the participants was provided by the corpus, including their Japanese language proficiency levels assessed through two online tests: J-CAT and SPOT. These tests evaluated their reading, listening, vocabulary, and grammar abilities. The learners’ proficiency levels were categorized into six levels aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and the Reference Framework for Japanese Language Education (RFJLE): A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. According to Lee et al. ( 2015 ), there is a high level of agreement (r = 0.86) between the J-CAT and SPOT assessments, indicating that the proficiency certifications provided by J-CAT are consistent with those of SPOT. However, it is important to note that the scores of J-CAT and SPOT do not have a one-to-one correspondence. In this study, the J-CAT scores were used as a benchmark to differentiate learners of different proficiency levels. A total of 1400 essays were utilized, representing the beginner (aligned with A1), A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 levels based on the J-CAT scores. Table 1 provides information about the learners’ proficiency levels and their corresponding J-CAT and SPOT scores.

A dataset comprising a total of 1400 essays from the story writing tasks was collected. Among these, 714 essays were utilized to evaluate the reliability of the LLM-based AES method, while the remaining 686 essays were designated as development data to assess the LLM-based AES’s capability to distinguish participants with varying proficiency levels. The GPT 4 API was used in this study. A detailed explanation of the prompt-assessment criteria is provided in Section Prompt . All essays were sent to the model for measurement and scoring.

Measures of writing proficiency for nonnative Japanese

Japanese exhibits a morphologically agglutinative structure where morphemes are attached to the word stem to convey grammatical functions such as tense, aspect, voice, and honorifics, e.g. (5).

食べ-させ-られ-まし-た-か

tabe-sase-rare-mashi-ta-ka

[eat (stem)-causative-passive voice-honorification-tense. past-question marker]

Japanese employs nine case particles to indicate grammatical functions: the nominative case particle が (ga), the accusative case particle を (o), the genitive case particle の (no), the dative case particle に (ni), the locative/instrumental case particle で (de), the ablative case particle から (kara), the directional case particle へ (e), and the comitative case particle と (to). The agglutinative nature of the language, combined with the case particle system, provides an efficient means of distinguishing between active and passive voice, either through morphemes or case particles, e.g. 食べる taberu “eat concusive . ” (active voice); 食べられる taberareru “eat concusive . ” (passive voice). In the active voice, “パンを食べる” (pan o taberu) translates to “to eat bread”. On the other hand, in the passive voice, it becomes “パンが食べられた” (pan ga taberareta), which means “(the) bread was eaten”. Additionally, it is important to note that different conjugations of the same lemma are considered as one type in order to ensure a comprehensive assessment of the language features. For example, e.g., 食べる taberu “eat concusive . ”; 食べている tabeteiru “eat progress .”; 食べた tabeta “eat past . ” as one type.

To incorporate these features, previous research (Suzuki, 1999 ; Watanabe et al. 1988 ; Ishioka, 2001 ; Ishioka and Kameda, 2006 ; Hirao et al. 2020 ) has identified complexity, fluency, and accuracy as crucial factors for evaluating writing quality. These criteria are assessed through various aspects, including lexical richness (lexical density, diversity, and sophistication), syntactic complexity, and cohesion (Kyle et al. 2021 ; Mizumoto and Eguchi, 2023 ; Ure, 1971 ; Halliday, 1985 ; Barkaoui and Hadidi, 2020 ; Zenker and Kyle, 2021 ; Kim et al. 2018 ; Lu, 2017 ; Ortega, 2015 ). Therefore, this study proposes five scoring categories: lexical richness, syntactic complexity, cohesion, content elaboration, and grammatical accuracy. A total of 16 measures were employed to capture these categories. The calculation process and specific details of these measures can be found in Table 2 .

T-unit, first introduced by Hunt ( 1966 ), is a measure used for evaluating speech and composition. It serves as an indicator of syntactic development and represents the shortest units into which a piece of discourse can be divided without leaving any sentence fragments. In the context of Japanese language assessment, Sakoda and Hosoi ( 2020 ) utilized T-unit as the basic unit to assess the accuracy and complexity of Japanese learners’ speaking and storytelling. The calculation of T-units in Japanese follows the following principles:

A single main clause constitutes 1 T-unit, regardless of the presence or absence of dependent clauses, e.g. (6).

ケンとマリはピクニックに行きました (main clause): 1 T-unit.

If a sentence contains a main clause along with subclauses, each subclause is considered part of the same T-unit, e.g. (7).

天気が良かったので (subclause)、ケンとマリはピクニックに行きました (main clause): 1 T-unit.

In the case of coordinate clauses, where multiple clauses are connected, each coordinated clause is counted separately. Thus, a sentence with coordinate clauses may have 2 T-units or more, e.g. (8).

ケンは地図で場所を探して (coordinate clause)、マリはサンドイッチを作りました (coordinate clause): 2 T-units.

Lexical diversity refers to the range of words used within a text (Engber, 1995 ; Kyle et al. 2021 ) and is considered a useful measure of the breadth of vocabulary in L n production (Jarvis, 2013a , 2013b ).

The type/token ratio (TTR) is widely recognized as a straightforward measure for calculating lexical diversity and has been employed in numerous studies. These studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between TTR and other methods of measuring lexical diversity (e.g., Bentz et al. 2016 ; Čech and Miroslav, 2018 ; Çöltekin and Taraka, 2018 ). TTR is computed by considering both the number of unique words (types) and the total number of words (tokens) in a given text. Given that the length of learners’ writing texts can vary, this study employs the moving average type-token ratio (MATTR) to mitigate the influence of text length. MATTR is calculated using a 50-word moving window. Initially, a TTR is determined for words 1–50 in an essay, followed by words 2–51, 3–52, and so on until the end of the essay is reached (Díez-Ortega and Kyle, 2023 ). The final MATTR scores were obtained by averaging the TTR scores for all 50-word windows. The following formula was employed to derive MATTR:

${\rm{MATTR}}({\rm{W}})=\frac{{\sum }_{{\rm{i}}=1}^{{\rm{N}}-{\rm{W}}+1}{{\rm{F}}}_{{\rm{i}}}}{{\rm{W}}({\rm{N}}-{\rm{W}}+1)}$

Here, N refers to the number of tokens in the corpus. W is the randomly selected token size (W < N). ${F}_{i}$ is the number of types in each window. The ${\rm{MATTR}}({\rm{W}})$ is the mean of a series of type-token ratios (TTRs) based on the word form for all windows. It is expected that individuals with higher language proficiency will produce texts with greater lexical diversity, as indicated by higher MATTR scores.

Lexical density was captured by the ratio of the number of lexical words to the total number of words (Lu, 2012 ). Lexical sophistication refers to the utilization of advanced vocabulary, often evaluated through word frequency indices (Crossley et al. 2013 ; Haberman, 2008 ; Kyle and Crossley, 2015 ; Laufer and Nation, 1995 ; Lu, 2012 ; Read, 2000 ). In line of writing, lexical sophistication can be interpreted as vocabulary breadth, which entails the appropriate usage of vocabulary items across various lexicon-grammatical contexts and registers (Garner et al. 2019 ; Kim et al. 2018 ; Kyle et al. 2018 ). In Japanese specifically, words are considered lexically sophisticated if they are not included in the “Japanese Education Vocabulary List Ver 1.0”. Footnote 4 Consequently, lexical sophistication was calculated by determining the number of sophisticated word types relative to the total number of words per essay. Furthermore, it has been suggested that, in Japanese writing, sentences should ideally have a length of no more than 40 to 50 characters, as this promotes readability. Therefore, the median and maximum sentence length can be considered as useful indices for assessment (Ishioka and Kameda, 2006 ).

Syntactic complexity was assessed based on several measures, including the mean length of clauses, verb phrases per T-unit, clauses per T-unit, dependent clauses per T-unit, complex nominals per clause, adverbial clauses per clause, coordinate phrases per clause, and mean dependency distance (MDD). The MDD reflects the distance between the governor and dependent positions in a sentence. A larger dependency distance indicates a higher cognitive load and greater complexity in syntactic processing (Liu, 2008 ; Liu et al. 2017 ). The MDD has been established as an efficient metric for measuring syntactic complexity (Jiang, Quyang, and Liu, 2019 ; Li and Yan, 2021 ). To calculate the MDD, the position numbers of the governor and dependent are subtracted, assuming that words in a sentence are assigned in a linear order, such as W1 … Wi … Wn. In any dependency relationship between words Wa and Wb, Wa is the governor and Wb is the dependent. The MDD of the entire sentence was obtained by taking the absolute value of governor – dependent:

MDD = $\frac{1}{n}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}|{\rm{D}}{{\rm{D}}}_{i}|$

In this formula, $n$ represents the number of words in the sentence, and ${DD}i$ is the dependency distance of the ${i}^{{th}}$ dependency relationship of a sentence. Building on this, the annotation of sentence ‘Mary-ga-John-ni-keshigomu-o-watashita was [Mary- top -John- dat -eraser- acc -give- past] ’. The sentence’s MDD would be 2. Table 3 provides the CSV file as a prompt for GPT 4.

Cohesion (semantic similarity) and content elaboration aim to capture the ideas presented in test taker’s essays. Cohesion was assessed using three measures: Synonym overlap/paragraph (topic), Synonym overlap/paragraph (keywords), and word2vec cosine similarity. Content elaboration and development were measured as the number of metadiscourse markers (type)/number of words. To capture content closely, this study proposed a novel-distance based representation, by encoding the cosine distance between the essay (by learner) and essay task’s (topic and keyword) i -vectors. The learner’s essay is decoded into a word sequence, and aligned to the essay task’ topic and keyword for log-likelihood measurement. The cosine distance reveals the content elaboration score in the leaners’ essay. The mathematical equation of cosine similarity between target-reference vectors is shown in (11), assuming there are i essays and ( L i , …. L n ) and ( N i , …. N n ) are the vectors representing the learner and task’s topic and keyword respectively. The content elaboration distance between L i and N i was calculated as follows:

$\cos \left(\theta \right)=\frac{{\rm{L}}\,\cdot\, {\rm{N}}}{\left|{\rm{L}}\right|{\rm{|N|}}}=\frac{\mathop{\sum }\nolimits_{i=1}^{n}{L}_{i}{N}_{i}}{\sqrt{\mathop{\sum }\nolimits_{i=1}^{n}{L}_{i}^{2}}\sqrt{\mathop{\sum }\nolimits_{i=1}^{n}{N}_{i}^{2}}}$

A high similarity value indicates a low difference between the two recognition outcomes, which in turn suggests a high level of proficiency in content elaboration.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed measures in distinguishing different proficiency levels among nonnative Japanese speakers’ writing, we conducted a multi-faceted Rasch measurement analysis (Linacre, 1994 ). This approach applies measurement models to thoroughly analyze various factors that can influence test outcomes, including test takers’ proficiency, item difficulty, and rater severity, among others. The underlying principles and functionality of multi-faceted Rasch measurement are illustrated in (12).

$\log \left(\frac{{P}_{{nijk}}}{{P}_{{nij}(k-1)}}\right)={B}_{n}-{D}_{i}-{C}_{j}-{F}_{k}$

(12) defines the logarithmic transformation of the probability ratio ( P nijk /P nij(k-1) )) as a function of multiple parameters. Here, n represents the test taker, i denotes a writing proficiency measure, j corresponds to the human rater, and k represents the proficiency score. The parameter B n signifies the proficiency level of test taker n (where n ranges from 1 to N). D j represents the difficulty parameter of test item i (where i ranges from 1 to L), while C j represents the severity of rater j (where j ranges from 1 to J). Additionally, F k represents the step difficulty for a test taker to move from score ‘k-1’ to k . P nijk refers to the probability of rater j assigning score k to test taker n for test item i . P nij(k-1) represents the likelihood of test taker n being assigned score ‘k-1’ by rater j for test item i . Each facet within the test is treated as an independent parameter and estimated within the same reference framework. To evaluate the consistency of scores obtained through both human and computer analysis, we utilized the Infit mean-square statistic. This statistic is a chi-square measure divided by the degrees of freedom and is weighted with information. It demonstrates higher sensitivity to unexpected patterns in responses to items near a person’s proficiency level (Linacre, 2002 ). Fit statistics are assessed based on predefined thresholds for acceptable fit. For the Infit MNSQ, which has a mean of 1.00, different thresholds have been suggested. Some propose stricter thresholds ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 (Bond et al. 2021 ), while others suggest more lenient thresholds ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 (Eckes, 2009 ). In this study, we adopted the criterion of 0.70–1.30 for the Infit MNSQ.

Moving forward, we can now proceed to assess the effectiveness of the 16 proposed measures based on five criteria for accurately distinguishing various levels of writing proficiency among non-native Japanese speakers. To conduct this evaluation, we utilized the development dataset from the I-JAS corpus, as described in Section Dataset . Table 4 provides a measurement report that presents the performance details of the 14 metrics under consideration. The measure separation was found to be 4.02, indicating a clear differentiation among the measures. The reliability index for the measure separation was 0.891, suggesting consistency in the measurement. Similarly, the person separation reliability index was 0.802, indicating the accuracy of the assessment in distinguishing between individuals. All 16 measures demonstrated Infit mean squares within a reasonable range, ranging from 0.76 to 1.28. The Synonym overlap/paragraph (topic) measure exhibited a relatively high outfit mean square of 1.46, although the Infit mean square falls within an acceptable range. The standard error for the measures ranged from 0.13 to 0.28, indicating the precision of the estimates.

Table 5 further illustrated the weights assigned to different linguistic measures for score prediction, with higher weights indicating stronger correlations between those measures and higher scores. Specifically, the following measures exhibited higher weights compared to others: moving average type token ratio per essay has a weight of 0.0391. Mean dependency distance had a weight of 0.0388. Mean length of clause, calculated by dividing the number of words by the number of clauses, had a weight of 0.0374. Complex nominals per T-unit, calculated by dividing the number of complex nominals by the number of T-units, had a weight of 0.0379. Coordinate phrases rate, calculated by dividing the number of coordinate phrases by the number of clauses, had a weight of 0.0325. Grammatical error rate, representing the number of errors per essay, had a weight of 0.0322.

Criteria (output indicator)

The criteria used to evaluate the writing ability in this study were based on CEFR, which follows a six-point scale ranging from A1 to C2. To assess the quality of Japanese writing, the scoring criteria from Table 6 were utilized. These criteria were derived from the IELTS writing standards and served as assessment guidelines and prompts for the written output.

A prompt is a question or detailed instruction that is provided to the model to obtain a proper response. After several pilot experiments, we decided to provide the measures (Section Measures of writing proficiency for nonnative Japanese ) as the input prompt and use the criteria (Section Criteria (output indicator) ) as the output indicator. Regarding the prompt language, considering that the LLM was tasked with rating Japanese essays, would prompt in Japanese works better Footnote 5 ? We conducted experiments comparing the performance of GPT-4 using both English and Japanese prompts. Additionally, we utilized the Japanese local model OCLL with Japanese prompts. Multiple trials were conducted using the same sample. Regardless of the prompt language used, we consistently obtained the same grading results with GPT-4, which assigned a grade of B1 to the writing sample. This suggested that GPT-4 is reliable and capable of producing consistent ratings regardless of the prompt language. On the other hand, when we used Japanese prompts with the Japanese local model “OCLL”, we encountered inconsistent grading results. Out of 10 attempts with OCLL, only 6 yielded consistent grading results (B1), while the remaining 4 showed different outcomes, including A1 and B2 grades. These findings indicated that the language of the prompt was not the determining factor for reliable AES. Instead, the size of the training data and the model parameters played crucial roles in achieving consistent and reliable AES results for the language model.

The following is the utilized prompt, which details all measures and requires the LLM to score the essays using holistic and trait scores.

Please evaluate Japanese essays written by Japanese learners and assign a score to each essay on a six-point scale, ranging from A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 to C2. Additionally, please provide trait scores and display the calculation process for each trait score. The scoring should be based on the following criteria:

Moving average type-token ratio.

Number of lexical words (token) divided by the total number of words per essay.

Number of sophisticated word types divided by the total number of words per essay.

Mean length of clause.

Verb phrases per T-unit.

Clauses per T-unit.

Dependent clauses per T-unit.

Complex nominals per clause.

Adverbial clauses per clause.

Coordinate phrases per clause.

Mean dependency distance.

Synonym overlap paragraph (topic and keywords).

Word2vec cosine similarity.

Connectives per essay.

Conjunctions per essay.

Number of metadiscourse markers (types) divided by the total number of words.

Number of errors per essay.

Japanese essay text

出かける前に二人が地図を見ている間に、サンドイッチを入れたバスケットに犬が入ってしまいました。それに気づかずに二人は楽しそうに出かけて行きました。やがて突然犬がバスケットから飛び出し、二人は驚きました。バスケットの中を見ると、食べ物はすべて犬に食べられていて、二人は困ってしまいました。(ID_JJJ01_SW1)

The score of the example above was B1. Figure 3 provides an example of holistic and trait scores provided by GPT-4 (with a prompt indicating all measures) via Bing Footnote 6 .

Example of GPT-4 AES and feedback (with a prompt indicating all measures).

Statistical analysis

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of LLM for nonnative Japanese AES. It seeks to compare the scoring outcomes obtained from feature-based AES tools, which rely on conventional machine learning technology (i.e. Jess, JWriter), with those generated by AI-driven AES tools utilizing deep learning technology (BERT, GPT, OCLL). To assess the reliability of a computer-assisted annotation tool, the study initially established human-human agreement as the benchmark measure. Subsequently, the performance of the LLM-based method was evaluated by comparing it to human-human agreement.

To assess annotation agreement, the study employed standard measures such as precision, recall, and F-score (Brants 2000 ; Lu 2010 ), along with the quadratically weighted kappa (QWK) to evaluate the consistency and agreement in the annotation process. Assume A and B represent human annotators. When comparing the annotations of the two annotators, the following results are obtained. The evaluation of precision, recall, and F-score metrics was illustrated in equations (13) to (15).

${\rm{Recall}}(A,B)=\frac{{\rm{Number}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{identical}}\,{\rm{nodes}}\,{\rm{in}}\,A\,{\rm{and}}\,B}{{\rm{Number}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{nodes}}\,{\rm{in}}\,A}$

${\rm{Precision}}(A,\,B)=\frac{{\rm{Number}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{identical}}\,{\rm{nodes}}\,{\rm{in}}\,A\,{\rm{and}}\,B}{{\rm{Number}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{nodes}}\,{\rm{in}}\,B}$

The F-score is the harmonic mean of recall and precision:

${\rm{F}}-{\rm{score}}=\frac{2* ({\rm{Precision}}* {\rm{Recall}})}{{\rm{Precision}}+{\rm{Recall}}}$

The highest possible value of an F-score is 1.0, indicating perfect precision and recall, and the lowest possible value is 0, if either precision or recall are zero.

In accordance with Taghipour and Ng ( 2016 ), the calculation of QWK involves two steps:

Step 1: Construct a weight matrix W as follows:

${W}_{{ij}}=\frac{{(i-j)}^{2}}{{(N-1)}^{2}}$

i represents the annotation made by the tool, while j represents the annotation made by a human rater. N denotes the total number of possible annotations. Matrix O is subsequently computed, where O_( i, j ) represents the count of data annotated by the tool ( i ) and the human annotator ( j ). On the other hand, E refers to the expected count matrix, which undergoes normalization to ensure that the sum of elements in E matches the sum of elements in O.

Step 2: With matrices O and E, the QWK is obtained as follows:

K = 1- $\frac{\sum i,j{W}_{i,j}\,{O}_{i,j}}{\sum i,j{W}_{i,j}\,{E}_{i,j}}$

The value of the quadratic weighted kappa increases as the level of agreement improves. Further, to assess the accuracy of LLM scoring, the proportional reductive mean square error (PRMSE) was employed. The PRMSE approach takes into account the variability observed in human ratings to estimate the rater error, which is then subtracted from the variance of the human labels. This calculation provides an overall measure of agreement between the automated scores and true scores (Haberman et al. 2015 ; Loukina et al. 2020 ; Taghipour and Ng, 2016 ). The computation of PRMSE involves the following steps:

Step 1: Calculate the mean squared errors (MSEs) for the scoring outcomes of the computer-assisted tool (MSE tool) and the human scoring outcomes (MSE human).

Step 2: Determine the PRMSE by comparing the MSE of the computer-assisted tool (MSE tool) with the MSE from human raters (MSE human), using the following formula:

${\rm{PRMSE}}=1-\frac{({\rm{MSE}}\,{\rm{tool}})\,}{({\rm{MSE}}\,{\rm{human}})\,}=1-\,\frac{{\sum }_{i}^{n}=1{({{\rm{y}}}_{i}-{\hat{{\rm{y}}}}_{{\rm{i}}})}^{2}}{{\sum }_{i}^{n}=1{({{\rm{y}}}_{i}-\hat{{\rm{y}}})}^{2}}$

In the numerator, ŷi represents the scoring outcome predicted by a specific LLM-driven AES system for a given sample. The term y i − ŷ i represents the difference between this predicted outcome and the mean value of all LLM-driven AES systems’ scoring outcomes. It quantifies the deviation of the specific LLM-driven AES system’s prediction from the average prediction of all LLM-driven AES systems. In the denominator, y i − ŷ represents the difference between the scoring outcome provided by a specific human rater for a given sample and the mean value of all human raters’ scoring outcomes. It measures the discrepancy between the specific human rater’s score and the average score given by all human raters. The PRMSE is then calculated by subtracting the ratio of the MSE tool to the MSE human from 1. PRMSE falls within the range of 0 to 1, with larger values indicating reduced errors in LLM’s scoring compared to those of human raters. In other words, a higher PRMSE implies that LLM’s scoring demonstrates greater accuracy in predicting the true scores (Loukina et al. 2020 ). The interpretation of kappa values, ranging from 0 to 1, is based on the work of Landis and Koch ( 1977 ). Specifically, the following categories are assigned to different ranges of kappa values: −1 indicates complete inconsistency, 0 indicates random agreement, 0.0 ~ 0.20 indicates extremely low level of agreement (slight), 0.21 ~ 0.40 indicates moderate level of agreement (fair), 0.41 ~ 0.60 indicates medium level of agreement (moderate), 0.61 ~ 0.80 indicates high level of agreement (substantial), 0.81 ~ 1 indicates almost perfect level of agreement. All statistical analyses were executed using Python script.

Results and discussion

Annotation reliability of the llm.

This section focuses on assessing the reliability of the LLM’s annotation and scoring capabilities. To evaluate the reliability, several tests were conducted simultaneously, aiming to achieve the following objectives:

Assess the LLM’s ability to differentiate between test takers with varying levels of oral proficiency.

Determine the level of agreement between the annotations and scoring performed by the LLM and those done by human raters.

The evaluation of the results encompassed several metrics, including: precision, recall, F-Score, quadratically-weighted kappa, proportional reduction of mean squared error, Pearson correlation, and multi-faceted Rasch measurement.

Inter-annotator agreement (human–human annotator agreement)

We started with an agreement test of the two human annotators. Two trained annotators were recruited to determine the writing task data measures. A total of 714 scripts, as the test data, was utilized. Each analysis lasted 300–360 min. Inter-annotator agreement was evaluated using the standard measures of precision, recall, and F-score and QWK. Table 7 presents the inter-annotator agreement for the various indicators. As shown, the inter-annotator agreement was fairly high, with F-scores ranging from 1.0 for sentence and word number to 0.666 for grammatical errors.

The findings from the QWK analysis provided further confirmation of the inter-annotator agreement. The QWK values covered a range from 0.950 ( p = 0.000) for sentence and word number to 0.695 for synonym overlap number (keyword) and grammatical errors ( p = 0.001).

Agreement of annotation outcomes between human and LLM

To evaluate the consistency between human annotators and LLM annotators (BERT, GPT, OCLL) across the indices, the same test was conducted. The results of the inter-annotator agreement (F-score) between LLM and human annotation are provided in Appendix B-D. The F-scores ranged from 0.706 for Grammatical error # for OCLL-human to a perfect 1.000 for GPT-human, for sentences, clauses, T-units, and words. These findings were further supported by the QWK analysis, which showed agreement levels ranging from 0.807 ( p = 0.001) for metadiscourse markers for OCLL-human to 0.962 for words ( p = 0.000) for GPT-human. The findings demonstrated that the LLM annotation achieved a significant level of accuracy in identifying measurement units and counts.

Reliability of LLM-driven AES’s scoring and discriminating proficiency levels

This section examines the reliability of the LLM-driven AES scoring through a comparison of the scoring outcomes produced by human raters and the LLM ( Reliability of LLM-driven AES scoring ). It also assesses the effectiveness of the LLM-based AES system in differentiating participants with varying proficiency levels ( Reliability of LLM-driven AES discriminating proficiency levels ).

Reliability of LLM-driven AES scoring

Table 8 summarizes the QWK coefficient analysis between the scores computed by the human raters and the GPT-4 for the individual essays from I-JAS Footnote 7 . As shown, the QWK of all measures ranged from k = 0.819 for lexical density (number of lexical words (tokens)/number of words per essay) to k = 0.644 for word2vec cosine similarity. Table 9 further presents the Pearson correlations between the 16 writing proficiency measures scored by human raters and GPT 4 for the individual essays. The correlations ranged from 0.672 for syntactic complexity to 0.734 for grammatical accuracy. The correlations between the writing proficiency scores assigned by human raters and the BERT-based AES system were found to range from 0.661 for syntactic complexity to 0.713 for grammatical accuracy. The correlations between the writing proficiency scores given by human raters and the OCLL-based AES system ranged from 0.654 for cohesion to 0.721 for grammatical accuracy. These findings indicated an alignment between the assessments made by human raters and both the BERT-based and OCLL-based AES systems in terms of various aspects of writing proficiency.

Reliability of LLM-driven AES discriminating proficiency levels

After validating the reliability of the LLM’s annotation and scoring, the subsequent objective was to evaluate its ability to distinguish between various proficiency levels. For this analysis, a dataset of 686 individual essays was utilized. Table 10 presents a sample of the results, summarizing the means, standard deviations, and the outcomes of the one-way ANOVAs based on the measures assessed by the GPT-4 model. A post hoc multiple comparison test, specifically the Bonferroni test, was conducted to identify any potential differences between pairs of levels.

As the results reveal, seven measures presented linear upward or downward progress across the three proficiency levels. These were marked in bold in Table 10 and comprise one measure of lexical richness, i.e. MATTR (lexical diversity); four measures of syntactic complexity, i.e. MDD (mean dependency distance), MLC (mean length of clause), CNT (complex nominals per T-unit), CPC (coordinate phrases rate); one cohesion measure, i.e. word2vec cosine similarity and GER (grammatical error rate). Regarding the ability of the sixteen measures to distinguish adjacent proficiency levels, the Bonferroni tests indicated that statistically significant differences exist between the primary level and the intermediate level for MLC and GER. One measure of lexical richness, namely LD, along with three measures of syntactic complexity (VPT, CT, DCT, ACC), two measures of cohesion (SOPT, SOPK), and one measure of content elaboration (IMM), exhibited statistically significant differences between proficiency levels. However, these differences did not demonstrate a linear progression between adjacent proficiency levels. No significant difference was observed in lexical sophistication between proficiency levels.

To summarize, our study aimed to evaluate the reliability and differentiation capabilities of the LLM-driven AES method. For the first objective, we assessed the LLM’s ability to differentiate between test takers with varying levels of oral proficiency using precision, recall, F-Score, and quadratically-weighted kappa. Regarding the second objective, we compared the scoring outcomes generated by human raters and the LLM to determine the level of agreement. We employed quadratically-weighted kappa and Pearson correlations to compare the 16 writing proficiency measures for the individual essays. The results confirmed the feasibility of using the LLM for annotation and scoring in AES for nonnative Japanese. As a result, Research Question 1 has been addressed.

Comparison of BERT-, GPT-, OCLL-based AES, and linguistic-feature-based computation methods

This section aims to compare the effectiveness of five AES methods for nonnative Japanese writing, i.e. LLM-driven approaches utilizing BERT, GPT, and OCLL, linguistic feature-based approaches using Jess and JWriter. The comparison was conducted by comparing the ratings obtained from each approach with human ratings. All ratings were derived from the dataset introduced in Dataset . To facilitate the comparison, the agreement between the automated methods and human ratings was assessed using QWK and PRMSE. The performance of each approach was summarized in Table 11 .

The QWK coefficient values indicate that LLMs (GPT, BERT, OCLL) and human rating outcomes demonstrated higher agreement compared to feature-based AES methods (Jess and JWriter) in assessing writing proficiency criteria, including lexical richness, syntactic complexity, content, and grammatical accuracy. Among the LLMs, the GPT-4 driven AES and human rating outcomes showed the highest agreement in all criteria, except for syntactic complexity. The PRMSE values suggest that the GPT-based method outperformed linguistic feature-based methods and other LLM-based approaches. Moreover, an interesting finding emerged during the study: the agreement coefficient between GPT-4 and human scoring was even higher than the agreement between different human raters themselves. This discovery highlights the advantage of GPT-based AES over human rating. Ratings involve a series of processes, including reading the learners’ writing, evaluating the content and language, and assigning scores. Within this chain of processes, various biases can be introduced, stemming from factors such as rater biases, test design, and rating scales. These biases can impact the consistency and objectivity of human ratings. GPT-based AES may benefit from its ability to apply consistent and objective evaluation criteria. By prompting the GPT model with detailed writing scoring rubrics and linguistic features, potential biases in human ratings can be mitigated. The model follows a predefined set of guidelines and does not possess the same subjective biases that human raters may exhibit. This standardization in the evaluation process contributes to the higher agreement observed between GPT-4 and human scoring. Section Prompt strategy of the study delves further into the role of prompts in the application of LLMs to AES. It explores how the choice and implementation of prompts can impact the performance and reliability of LLM-based AES methods. Furthermore, it is important to acknowledge the strengths of the local model, i.e. the Japanese local model OCLL, which excels in processing certain idiomatic expressions. Nevertheless, our analysis indicated that GPT-4 surpasses local models in AES. This superior performance can be attributed to the larger parameter size of GPT-4, estimated to be between 500 billion and 1 trillion, which exceeds the sizes of both BERT and the local model OCLL.

Prompt strategy

In the context of prompt strategy, Mizumoto and Eguchi ( 2023 ) conducted a study where they applied the GPT-3 model to automatically score English essays in the TOEFL test. They found that the accuracy of the GPT model alone was moderate to fair. However, when they incorporated linguistic measures such as cohesion, syntactic complexity, and lexical features alongside the GPT model, the accuracy significantly improved. This highlights the importance of prompt engineering and providing the model with specific instructions to enhance its performance. In this study, a similar approach was taken to optimize the performance of LLMs. GPT-4, which outperformed BERT and OCLL, was selected as the candidate model. Model 1 was used as the baseline, representing GPT-4 without any additional prompting. Model 2, on the other hand, involved GPT-4 prompted with 16 measures that included scoring criteria, efficient linguistic features for writing assessment, and detailed measurement units and calculation formulas. The remaining models (Models 3 to 18) utilized GPT-4 prompted with individual measures. The performance of these 18 different models was assessed using the output indicators described in Section Criteria (output indicator) . By comparing the performances of these models, the study aimed to understand the impact of prompt engineering on the accuracy and effectiveness of GPT-4 in AES tasks.

Based on the PRMSE scores presented in Fig. 4 , it was observed that Model 1, representing GPT-4 without any additional prompting, achieved a fair level of performance. However, Model 2, which utilized GPT-4 prompted with all measures, outperformed all other models in terms of PRMSE score, achieving a score of 0.681. These results indicate that the inclusion of specific measures and prompts significantly enhanced the performance of GPT-4 in AES. Among the measures, syntactic complexity was found to play a particularly significant role in improving the accuracy of GPT-4 in assessing writing quality. Following that, lexical diversity emerged as another important factor contributing to the model’s effectiveness. The study suggests that a well-prompted GPT-4 can serve as a valuable tool to support human assessors in evaluating writing quality. By utilizing GPT-4 as an automated scoring tool, the evaluation biases associated with human raters can be minimized. This has the potential to empower teachers by allowing them to focus on designing writing tasks and guiding writing strategies, while leveraging the capabilities of GPT-4 for efficient and reliable scoring.

PRMSE scores of the 18 AES models.

This study aimed to investigate two main research questions: the feasibility of utilizing LLMs for AES and the impact of prompt engineering on the application of LLMs in AES.

To address the first objective, the study compared the effectiveness of five different models: GPT, BERT, the Japanese local LLM (OCLL), and two conventional machine learning-based AES tools (Jess and JWriter). The PRMSE values indicated that the GPT-4-based method outperformed other LLMs (BERT, OCLL) and linguistic feature-based computational methods (Jess and JWriter) across various writing proficiency criteria. Furthermore, the agreement coefficient between GPT-4 and human scoring surpassed the agreement among human raters themselves, highlighting the potential of using the GPT-4 tool to enhance AES by reducing biases and subjectivity, saving time, labor, and cost, and providing valuable feedback for self-study. Regarding the second goal, the role of prompt design was investigated by comparing 18 models, including a baseline model, a model prompted with all measures, and 16 models prompted with one measure at a time. GPT-4, which outperformed BERT and OCLL, was selected as the candidate model. The PRMSE scores of the models showed that GPT-4 prompted with all measures achieved the best performance, surpassing the baseline and other models.

In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the potential of LLMs in supporting human rating in assessments. By incorporating automation, we can save time and resources while reducing biases and subjectivity inherent in human rating processes. Automated language assessments offer the advantage of accessibility, providing equal opportunities and economic feasibility for individuals who lack access to traditional assessment centers or necessary resources. LLM-based language assessments provide valuable feedback and support to learners, aiding in the enhancement of their language proficiency and the achievement of their goals. This personalized feedback can cater to individual learner needs, facilitating a more tailored and effective language-learning experience.

There are three important areas that merit further exploration. First, prompt engineering requires attention to ensure optimal performance of LLM-based AES across different language types. This study revealed that GPT-4, when prompted with all measures, outperformed models prompted with fewer measures. Therefore, investigating and refining prompt strategies can enhance the effectiveness of LLMs in automated language assessments. Second, it is crucial to explore the application of LLMs in second-language assessment and learning for oral proficiency, as well as their potential in under-resourced languages. Recent advancements in self-supervised machine learning techniques have significantly improved automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, opening up new possibilities for creating reliable ASR systems, particularly for under-resourced languages with limited data. However, challenges persist in the field of ASR. First, ASR assumes correct word pronunciation for automatic pronunciation evaluation, which proves challenging for learners in the early stages of language acquisition due to diverse accents influenced by their native languages. Accurately segmenting short words becomes problematic in such cases. Second, developing precise audio-text transcriptions for languages with non-native accented speech poses a formidable task. Last, assessing oral proficiency levels involves capturing various linguistic features, including fluency, pronunciation, accuracy, and complexity, which are not easily captured by current NLP technology.

Data availability

The dataset utilized was obtained from the International Corpus of Japanese as a Second Language (I-JAS). The data URLs: [ https://www2.ninjal.ac.jp/jll/lsaj/ihome2.html ].

J-CAT and TTBJ are two computerized adaptive tests used to assess Japanese language proficiency.

SPOT is a specific component of the TTBJ test.

J-CAT: https://www.j-cat2.org/html/ja/pages/interpret.html

SPOT: https://ttbj.cegloc.tsukuba.ac.jp/p1.html#SPOT .

The study utilized a prompt-based GPT-4 model, developed by OpenAI, which has an impressive architecture with 1.8 trillion parameters across 120 layers. GPT-4 was trained on a vast dataset of 13 trillion tokens, using two stages: initial training on internet text datasets to predict the next token, and subsequent fine-tuning through reinforcement learning from human feedback.

https://www2.ninjal.ac.jp/jll/lsaj/ihome2-en.html .

http://jhlee.sakura.ne.jp/JEV/ by Japanese Learning Dictionary Support Group 2015.

We express our sincere gratitude to the reviewer for bringing this matter to our attention.

On February 7, 2023, Microsoft began rolling out a major overhaul to Bing that included a new chatbot feature based on OpenAI’s GPT-4 (Bing.com).

Appendix E-F present the analysis results of the QWK coefficient between the scores computed by the human raters and the BERT, OCLL models.

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This research was funded by National Foundation of Social Sciences (22BYY186) to Wenchao Li.

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Li, W., Liu, H. Applying large language models for automated essay scoring for non-native Japanese. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 11 , 723 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03209-9

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My result was a score of 90 across all writing-related skills, including written discourse and grammar". -Kaia, E2 PTE student. PTE Writing tip #2: Take the time to plan your points. A lot of people run out of time writing their PTE essay because they change their minds about their arguments halfway through and must begin again.
PTE Essay Writing- Scoring Pattern & Structure
The PTE essay writing task is designed to assess your language, grammar, vocabulary, and written communication skills. As a result, it's critical that you grasp a good knowledge of the PTE Essay Writing- Scoring Pattern & Structure and know how to attempt it before taking the exam. Essay writing can be one of the most difficult tasks that ...
PTE Writing Format: Score And Exercises
This task is important and considered very difficult by students. Make sure you follow writing tips and templates during your PTE writing preparation. Scoring for PTE Write Essay. You will be scored a maximum of: 3 points for content, 2 points for formal requirements, 2 points for grammar, 2 points for general linguistic range, 2 points for ...
PTE Essay Template: The best PTE essay format for a full score [January
We get 2 out of 2 in Form if the essay is between 200 and 300 words long. The PTE essay writing template provided here is 230 words long provided that the topic keyword used is a single word. A two-word topic can also be used making the essay 247 words long, while a three-word topic will make it 264 words long.
PTE Writing Practice: Proven Tips & Format to High Scores
Scoring: PTE Summarize Written Text: Text up to 300 words: 10 minutes: After reading the text, write a one-sentence summary of the passage. Reading and writing: Partial Credit: PTE Essay Writing: 2-3 sentences: 20 minutes: Write a 200-300 word essay on a given topic. Writing: Partial Credit
PTE Write Essay
The next step in PTE writing an essay is to write the body, which should consist of two paragraphs. For each of the paragraphs for the essay body, we will follow the same approach. The idea is presented below in 4 different sections, as per our Essay template. Section 1: Explain the main idea, what exactly you want to discuss.
PTE Essay Writing Templates For High Scores: What to Know?
Conclusion (about 40-50 words) At the end of all writing, a conclusion is unavoidable. This part asks you to: Summarize your main points. Restate your thesis or main point in another expression way. Provide a closing thought or call to action related to the topic. Above is the general format of the PTE essay.
PTE Essay Writing (Content & Form) Scoring Criteria, Weightage of Marks
PTE academic essay questions and ideas. 2. Form. A) Two Marks - Form marks are given if the length is between 200 and 300 words you will be given with two marks. Any of the following should never be done. Doesn't matter how vast the topic is. B) One Mark - If the length is between 120 and 199 or between 301 and 380 words you'll be given ...
50 Essay Examples with High-Scoring Answers
50 Essay Examples with High-Scoring Answers - PTE Academic. The Essay is the final question in part 1 of the Pearson Test of English (PTE) Academic. You will be given a prompt and you have 20 minutes to write an essay response that is 200 to 300 words long. The prompt usually has a sentence that introduces the topic.
PTE-How to score 90 in writing using templates
Conclusion: Achieving a score of 90 in the PTE Writing section requires a combination of strategic planning, diligent practice, and the right templates. By understanding the intricacies of each writing task, selecting appropriate templates, and refining your skills through consistent practice, you can confidently navigate the challenges of the ...
PTE Score Chart Explained: Guide for Test-Takers & Educators
3.2 Writing. In the PTE writing section, your ability to produce written English in an academic context is put to the test. The tasks include writing an essay and summarizing written text. 3.2.1 Essay Writing. In this task, you'll be asked to write a 200-300 word essay on a given topic.
PTE Writing Checker AI Tool
Acing the PTE Academic Essay: Key Strategies and Insights. The PTE Academic Essay is a critical component of the Pearson Test of English (PTE) Academic, designed to assess a candidate's ability to write an essay in response to a prompt using correct English while organizing their ideas logically.This task measures writing skills in an academic context and is crucial for those looking to study ...
10 Insider Tips to Ace the PTE Exam and Score 90/90
In this blog, we unveil the untold truths of the PTE exam and share ten essential facts you need to know to score 90/90. 1. Understanding the Scoring Algorithm. The PTE exam employs an advanced scoring algorithm that assesses multiple aspects of your response, including content, form, and language use.
PTE Writing Essay Template for 85+
Dear Learners, I hope you all are doing good. In this session, I have explained the Master Plan of scoring 85 marks in the PTE Essay Writing part. Even if yo...
Essays for IELTS, PTE, TOEFL 4+
- Exam-Centric Mastery: 'Essays for IELTS, PTE, TOEFL' caters to a range of exams, offering a specialized approach to help you conquer the essay sections of IELTS, PTE, TOEFL, and more. - Precision in Writing Models: Immerse yourself in a curated collection of exemplary essays, providing precise guidance on structure, language proficiency, and ...
Applying large language models for automated essay scoring for non
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to an increased use of large language models (LLMs) for language assessment tasks such as automated essay scoring (AES), automated ...

A Guide to PTE Essay Writing: Scoring & Structure

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#Skill 1: Content

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Best PTE Essay Writing Template For Full Score

PTE Writing Essay Test Overview

Exploring PTE Essay Types

PTE Writing Essay Scoring

Unlocking the Best PTE Essay Writing Template

Essay Template:

How to Use PTE Essay Template?

Sample Answer for PTE Essay Question Answer-1

Sample Answer for PTE Essay Question Answer-2

Sample Answer for PTE Essay Question Answer-3

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PTE Academic Writing Unveiled: Your Comprehensive Guide

Introduction to PTE Writing Section

Importance in PTE Exam Structure

Understanding the Structure of PTE Writing Section

Key Strategies for Summarize Written Text Task

Breakdown of the Writing Question Types: Write Essay

Essential Components for a High-Scoring Essay

Key Features of PTE Writing Tasks

Integrated Scoring System and its Impact on Other Sections

The Influence of Integrated Scoring in PTE

Scoring Criteria and Algorithm

Importance of Task Difficulty and Average Scores

How Scores Relate to Skill Assessment

Overview of PTE Writing Scoring Criteria

Integration with Other PTE Sections

Receiving Marks from Reading and Listening Sections

Preparation Tips

Relevance of Previous Question-items and Memorization

Benefits of MarvelPTE's Writing Preparation Strategies

Actionable Tips to Excel in PTE Academic's Writing

Frequently Asked Questions

PTE Essay Writing | Universal Templates and Methods

Understand the PTE Essay writing task

Scoring structure

PTE Essay Writing prompts

Problems and Solutions

PTE Essay Writing Universal Template

Agree or disagree

Discuss two opinions

Causes and Effects

PTE Essay Writing Tips and Strategies

PTE Essay Writing Method

Sentences to increase the word count

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PTE Essay Writing- Scoring Pattern & Structure

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PTE Essay Template: The best PTE essay format for a full score [January 2024 updated]

What is the PTE Writing test?

The best PTE Essay Format

PTE Essay Sample

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Collection of latest PTE Essay questions

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PTE Essay Writing Templates For High Scores: What to Know?

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