essay on community policing in india

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8 Community Policing: A Reform and the Indian Scenario

• Published: February 2020
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Community policing is often referred to as neighbourhood policing, and this has been one of the major reforms in the police system. In this chapter, various community policing initiatives and reforms undertaken by the police in various states of India have been discussed. By such experiences through different schemes, it has been proved that community policing is of utmost importance, and it is advantageous towards having a smooth functioning of society in particular and the government in general.

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Determinants of Citizens’ Perceptions of Police–Community Cooperation in India: Implications for Community Policing

• Published: 01 July 2011
• Volume 7 , pages 277–294, ( 2012 )

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• Mahesh K. Nalla 1 &
• Manish Madan 1  

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In this study, we examine citizens’ perceptions of police–community relationships in India. More specifically, in this exploratory study, we examine the extent to which factors such as general satisfaction with police services, police professionalism, feeling of safety, and perception of police integrity all explain the public confidence in police–citizen relationships. Those who are generally satisfied with police like to work with police and view police–community relationships positively. Further, we find that those who feel police are fair in dealing with citizens, irrespective of social status, and those who feel more safe in their communities are those who are most willing to work with police.

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Nalla, M.K., Madan, M. Determinants of Citizens’ Perceptions of Police–Community Cooperation in India: Implications for Community Policing. Asian Criminology 7 , 277–294 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-011-9110-2

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Received : 19 January 2011

Accepted : 15 June 2011

Published : 01 July 2011

Issue Date : December 2012

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-011-9110-2

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Re-imagining the role of the police in covid-19 times, in india the police are playing a crucial role in violence prevention and protection of child rights during the pandemic..

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The announcement of the creation of a Center for the Protection of Children’s Rights is a big win for children in India. This announcement came on the occasion of the ‘Child protection during COVID-19’ webinar organized by the National Police Academy in collaboration with UNICEF on 12 May 2020. 

Mr. Atul Karwal, IPS, Director, National Police Academy, announced the plan to establish a dedicated Center for the Protection of Children’s Rights, saying “The police together with the community can act as a force multiplier to enhance the effectiveness with which they support children during COVID-19.”

COVID-19 has disrupted the environments in which children grow and develop. These disruptions to families, friendships, daily routines and the wider community can have negative consequences for children’s well-being, development and protection.

In addition, measures used to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 can expose children to protection risks. Home-based, facility-based and zonal-based quarantine and isolation measures can all negatively impact children and their families. There are also indications that domestic violence is on the increase.

In the last few weeks of lockdown, for example, CHILDLINE, an emergency helpline for children, reported a 50 per cent increase in calls from children in distress. During COVID-19, families can also resort to negative coping mechanisms, such as child labour or child marriage. Recently, the Minister of  Women and Child Development, Government of India, reported that 898 child marriages had been prevented through CHILDLINE's efforts since the lock down began.   

In such a situation, the police have a critical role to play. Whether it is to provide support to children in distress, ensuring violence prevention in camps and temporary shelters for migrant populations, being vigilant and responsive on any reports of violations of children’s rights or ensuring children are referred to child protection services.

UNICEF has developed a guideline for police on their role in protecting children from violence and exploitation during COVID-19. These are being adapted and used in several states.

Human Rights is a governance issue. Every citizen has a right to protection against disasters – that’s social policing. Usually, policing is thought of in terms of prevention of crime and maintenance of law and order. But there is a growing realization that it is much more than that. We are pushing the envelope. We have built public trust in the police force through our humanitarian response to COVID-19. - Mr SN Pradhan, Director General of Police, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).

The webinar reflected on the COVID-19 specific challenges thrown up for children and highlighted the role of police as invested in the welfare of citizens especially children. It also provided a platform for police officers from across the Country to share their experiences and lessons learnt.

The long-term objective of the interactive knowledge session was to build a network/cohort of officers interested, knowledgeable and skilled in matters related to child safety thereby building a national movement to protect children from violence and harm.

"The police are one of the most critical partners for UNICEF’s child protection work. They are usually the first to respond in any situation where children are in distress. Hence, their sensitivity towards children and the way in which they handle cases are critical for the experience - and the trust - a child will have on the justice system," said Dr Yasmin Ali Haque, UNICEF Representative in India addressing the webinar.

"Children represent 40 per cent of the population in India. As the United Nations Secretary General, Antonio Guterres said recently, children may not be the face of the COVID-19 Pandemic, but they are one of its greatest victims.

"We are proud to partner with the National Police Academy to ensure the impacts of COVID-19 are mitigated among the population and that children receive the protection they deserve from a duty bearer of such critical importance as the police," said Dr Haque.

The power of collaborative partnerships    

UNICEF works across 17 States in India and has a strong collaboration and partnership with the Police. In states like Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgargh, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh, UNICEF is providing technical support to the state police on child friendly policing initiatives which have led child sensitive police becoming a part of the culture in state police forces.

In Jharkhand UNICEF and the police have developed a set of indicators and established a committee that monitors and certifies police stations as child friendly. These are not just infrastructural, but also pertain to training and the processes being followed by police in handling cases involving children.

In West Bengal, UNICEF is supporting the Kolkata Police in planning and implementing programmes to ensure prevention of violence against women and children utilizing the Nirbhaya fund.

In Odisha, UNICEF and the state police led a statewide campaign on prevention of child sexual abuse demonstrating the significant role police has in prevention and response.

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Determinants of Citizens’ Perceptions of Police–Community Cooperation in India: Implications for Community Policing

2011, Asian Journal of Criminology

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Muhammad Saud

Mizanur Rahman

Trust in police depends both on individual police officer as well as on police as an institution. It is the psychological attitude of citizen towards police regarding their behavior and actions, and at the same time, citizens would assess the performance of police in parlance of institutional perspective i.e. to what extent policemen would meaningfully implement the rules, standard operating procedures, and their official duties. The objective of the study is to explore the factors that explain variations in citizens' trust in Bangladesh police. The study followed both survey and interview methods which were conducted in two different locations in Bangladesh; one urban and one rural area. Along with the citizens, experts and police officials were also interviewed. The police officials were from different units (RAB, DB, DMP, and Range) and different levels of hierarchy. The present study echoes the previous findings of PPG program's trust survey conducted in 2015. According to PPG survey, 43% of citizens' do have trust in the police while the present study shows the almost same level of trust (45%). Major findings of the study are: i) citizens have good accessibility to the police in terms of lodging complaints, although the reason for reporting is rarely related to trust, rather they do report to the police since they do not find any other option; ii) the acceptance level of any corrupt behaviors like bribing for speeding up the work is not accepted at all by the citizens, regardless of their own ethical viewpoint; iii) a number of respondents consider that performance of police is not satisfactory, yet many believe that police performance is progressively increasing and attitude towards the police is getting positive; iv) political interference in recruitment, promotion, transfer etc. is a big barrier, plus paying bribes for such issues have a negative impact on the performance; v) citizens having more trust in ruling party are prone to have more trust in police, vi) citizens' trust female police more than the male counterpart, and (vii) different governance indicators of police have a strong effect on forming trust among the citizens. Better governance induces better trust among citizen.

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