health and social care dissertation topics

Research Topics & Ideas: Healthcare

100+ Healthcare Research Topic Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

Finding and choosing a strong research topic is the critical first step when it comes to crafting a high-quality dissertation, thesis or research project. If you’ve landed on this post, chances are you’re looking for a healthcare-related research topic , but aren’t sure where to start. Here, we’ll explore a variety of healthcare-related research ideas and topic thought-starters across a range of healthcare fields, including allopathic and alternative medicine, dentistry, physical therapy, optometry, pharmacology and public health.

NB – This is just the start…

The topic ideation and evaluation process has multiple steps . In this post, we’ll kickstart the process by sharing some research topic ideas within the healthcare domain. This is the starting point, but to develop a well-defined research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , along with a well-justified plan of action to fill that gap.

If you’re new to the oftentimes perplexing world of research, or if this is your first time undertaking a formal academic research project, be sure to check out our free dissertation mini-course. In it, we cover the process of writing a dissertation or thesis from start to end. Be sure to also sign up for our free webinar that explores how to find a high-quality research topic.

Overview: Healthcare Research Topics

• Allopathic medicine
• Alternative /complementary medicine
• Veterinary medicine
• Physical therapy/ rehab
• Optometry and ophthalmology
• Pharmacy and pharmacology
• Public health
• Examples of healthcare-related dissertations

Allopathic (Conventional) Medicine

• The effectiveness of telemedicine in remote elderly patient care
• The impact of stress on the immune system of cancer patients
• The effects of a plant-based diet on chronic diseases such as diabetes
• The use of AI in early cancer diagnosis and treatment
• The role of the gut microbiome in mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety
• The efficacy of mindfulness meditation in reducing chronic pain: A systematic review
• The benefits and drawbacks of electronic health records in a developing country
• The effects of environmental pollution on breast milk quality
• The use of personalized medicine in treating genetic disorders
• The impact of social determinants of health on chronic diseases in Asia
• The role of high-intensity interval training in improving cardiovascular health
• The efficacy of using probiotics for gut health in pregnant women
• The impact of poor sleep on the treatment of chronic illnesses
• The role of inflammation in the development of chronic diseases such as lupus
• The effectiveness of physiotherapy in pain control post-surgery

Topics & Ideas: Alternative Medicine

• The benefits of herbal medicine in treating young asthma patients
• The use of acupuncture in treating infertility in women over 40 years of age
• The effectiveness of homoeopathy in treating mental health disorders: A systematic review
• The role of aromatherapy in reducing stress and anxiety post-surgery
• The impact of mindfulness meditation on reducing high blood pressure
• The use of chiropractic therapy in treating back pain of pregnant women
• The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine such as Shun-Qi-Tong-Xie (SQTX) in treating digestive disorders in China
• The impact of yoga on physical and mental health in adolescents
• The benefits of hydrotherapy in treating musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinitis
• The role of Reiki in promoting healing and relaxation post birth
• The effectiveness of naturopathy in treating skin conditions such as eczema
• The use of deep tissue massage therapy in reducing chronic pain in amputees
• The impact of tai chi on the treatment of anxiety and depression
• The benefits of reflexology in treating stress, anxiety and chronic fatigue
• The role of acupuncture in the prophylactic management of headaches and migraines

Topics & Ideas: Dentistry

• The impact of sugar consumption on the oral health of infants
• The use of digital dentistry in improving patient care: A systematic review
• The efficacy of orthodontic treatments in correcting bite problems in adults
• The role of dental hygiene in preventing gum disease in patients with dental bridges
• The impact of smoking on oral health and tobacco cessation support from UK dentists
• The benefits of dental implants in restoring missing teeth in adolescents
• The use of lasers in dental procedures such as root canals
• The efficacy of root canal treatment using high-frequency electric pulses in saving infected teeth
• The role of fluoride in promoting remineralization and slowing down demineralization
• The impact of stress-induced reflux on oral health
• The benefits of dental crowns in restoring damaged teeth in elderly patients
• The use of sedation dentistry in managing dental anxiety in children
• The efficacy of teeth whitening treatments in improving dental aesthetics in patients with braces
• The role of orthodontic appliances in improving well-being
• The impact of periodontal disease on overall health and chronic illnesses

Tops & Ideas: Veterinary Medicine

• The impact of nutrition on broiler chicken production
• The role of vaccines in disease prevention in horses
• The importance of parasite control in animal health in piggeries
• The impact of animal behaviour on welfare in the dairy industry
• The effects of environmental pollution on the health of cattle
• The role of veterinary technology such as MRI in animal care
• The importance of pain management in post-surgery health outcomes
• The impact of genetics on animal health and disease in layer chickens
• The effectiveness of alternative therapies in veterinary medicine: A systematic review
• The role of veterinary medicine in public health: A case study of the COVID-19 pandemic
• The impact of climate change on animal health and infectious diseases in animals
• The importance of animal welfare in veterinary medicine and sustainable agriculture
• The effects of the human-animal bond on canine health
• The role of veterinary medicine in conservation efforts: A case study of Rhinoceros poaching in Africa
• The impact of veterinary research of new vaccines on animal health

Topics & Ideas: Physical Therapy/Rehab

• The efficacy of aquatic therapy in improving joint mobility and strength in polio patients
• The impact of telerehabilitation on patient outcomes in Germany
• The effect of kinesiotaping on reducing knee pain and improving function in individuals with chronic pain
• A comparison of manual therapy and yoga exercise therapy in the management of low back pain
• The use of wearable technology in physical rehabilitation and the impact on patient adherence to a rehabilitation plan
• The impact of mindfulness-based interventions in physical therapy in adolescents
• The effects of resistance training on individuals with Parkinson’s disease
• The role of hydrotherapy in the management of fibromyalgia
• The impact of cognitive-behavioural therapy in physical rehabilitation for individuals with chronic pain
• The use of virtual reality in physical rehabilitation of sports injuries
• The effects of electrical stimulation on muscle function and strength in athletes
• The role of physical therapy in the management of stroke recovery: A systematic review
• The impact of pilates on mental health in individuals with depression
• The use of thermal modalities in physical therapy and its effectiveness in reducing pain and inflammation
• The effect of strength training on balance and gait in elderly patients

Topics & Ideas: Optometry & Opthalmology

• The impact of screen time on the vision and ocular health of children under the age of 5
• The effects of blue light exposure from digital devices on ocular health
• The role of dietary interventions, such as the intake of whole grains, in the management of age-related macular degeneration
• The use of telemedicine in optometry and ophthalmology in the UK
• The impact of myopia control interventions on African American children’s vision
• The use of contact lenses in the management of dry eye syndrome: different treatment options
• The effects of visual rehabilitation in individuals with traumatic brain injury
• The role of low vision rehabilitation in individuals with age-related vision loss: challenges and solutions
• The impact of environmental air pollution on ocular health
• The effectiveness of orthokeratology in myopia control compared to contact lenses
• The role of dietary supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, in ocular health
• The effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure from tanning beds on ocular health
• The impact of computer vision syndrome on long-term visual function
• The use of novel diagnostic tools in optometry and ophthalmology in developing countries
• The effects of virtual reality on visual perception and ocular health: an examination of dry eye syndrome and neurologic symptoms

Topics & Ideas: Pharmacy & Pharmacology

• The impact of medication adherence on patient outcomes in cystic fibrosis
• The use of personalized medicine in the management of chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease
• The effects of pharmacogenomics on drug response and toxicity in cancer patients
• The role of pharmacists in the management of chronic pain in primary care
• The impact of drug-drug interactions on patient mental health outcomes
• The use of telepharmacy in healthcare: Present status and future potential
• The effects of herbal and dietary supplements on drug efficacy and toxicity
• The role of pharmacists in the management of type 1 diabetes
• The impact of medication errors on patient outcomes and satisfaction
• The use of technology in medication management in the USA
• The effects of smoking on drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics: A case study of clozapine
• Leveraging the role of pharmacists in preventing and managing opioid use disorder
• The impact of the opioid epidemic on public health in a developing country
• The use of biosimilars in the management of the skin condition psoriasis
• The effects of the Affordable Care Act on medication utilization and patient outcomes in African Americans

Topics & Ideas: Public Health

• The impact of the built environment and urbanisation on physical activity and obesity
• The effects of food insecurity on health outcomes in Zimbabwe
• The role of community-based participatory research in addressing health disparities
• The impact of social determinants of health, such as racism, on population health
• The effects of heat waves on public health
• The role of telehealth in addressing healthcare access and equity in South America
• The impact of gun violence on public health in South Africa
• The effects of chlorofluorocarbons air pollution on respiratory health
• The role of public health interventions in reducing health disparities in the USA
• The impact of the United States Affordable Care Act on access to healthcare and health outcomes
• The effects of water insecurity on health outcomes in the Middle East
• The role of community health workers in addressing healthcare access and equity in low-income countries
• The impact of mass incarceration on public health and behavioural health of a community
• The effects of floods on public health and healthcare systems
• The role of social media in public health communication and behaviour change in adolescents

Examples: Healthcare Dissertation & Theses

While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a healthcare-related research topic, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses to see how this all comes together.

Below, we’ve included a selection of research projects from various healthcare-related degree programs to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.

• Improving Follow-Up Care for Homeless Populations in North County San Diego (Sanchez, 2021)
• On the Incentives of Medicare’s Hospital Reimbursement and an Examination of Exchangeability (Elzinga, 2016)
• Managing the healthcare crisis: the career narratives of nurses (Krueger, 2021)
• Methods for preventing central line-associated bloodstream infection in pediatric haematology-oncology patients: A systematic literature review (Balkan, 2020)
• Farms in Healthcare: Enhancing Knowledge, Sharing, and Collaboration (Garramone, 2019)
• When machine learning meets healthcare: towards knowledge incorporation in multimodal healthcare analytics (Yuan, 2020)
• Integrated behavioural healthcare: The future of rural mental health (Fox, 2019)
• Healthcare service use patterns among autistic adults: A systematic review with narrative synthesis (Gilmore, 2021)
• Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Combatting Burnout and Compassionate Fatigue among Mental Health Caregivers (Lundquist, 2022)
• Transgender and gender-diverse people’s perceptions of gender-inclusive healthcare access and associated hope for the future (Wille, 2021)
• Efficient Neural Network Synthesis and Its Application in Smart Healthcare (Hassantabar, 2022)
• The Experience of Female Veterans and Health-Seeking Behaviors (Switzer, 2022)
• Machine learning applications towards risk prediction and cost forecasting in healthcare (Singh, 2022)
• Does Variation in the Nursing Home Inspection Process Explain Disparity in Regulatory Outcomes? (Fox, 2020)

Looking at these titles, you can probably pick up that the research topics here are quite specific and narrowly-focused , compared to the generic ones presented earlier. This is an important thing to keep in mind as you develop your own research topic. That is to say, to create a top-notch research topic, you must be precise and target a specific context with specific variables of interest . In other words, you need to identify a clear, well-justified research gap.

Need more help?

If you’re still feeling a bit unsure about how to find a research topic for your healthcare dissertation or thesis, check out Topic Kickstarter service below.

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15 Comments

I need topics that will match the Msc program am running in healthcare research please

Hello Mabel,

I can help you with a good topic, kindly provide your email let’s have a good discussion on this.

Can you provide some research topics and ideas on Immunology?

Thank you to create new knowledge on research problem verse research topic

Help on problem statement on teen pregnancy

This post might be useful: https://gradcoach.com/research-problem-statement/

can you provide me with a research topic on healthcare related topics to a qqi level 5 student

Please can someone help me with research topics in public health ?

Hello I have requirement of Health related latest research issue/topics for my social media speeches. If possible pls share health issues , diagnosis, treatment.

I would like a topic thought around first-line support for Gender-Based Violence for survivors or one related to prevention of Gender-Based Violence

Please can I be helped with a master’s research topic in either chemical pathology or hematology or immunology? thanks

Can u please provide me with a research topic on occupational health and safety at the health sector

Good day kindly help provide me with Ph.D. Public health topics on Reproductive and Maternal Health, interventional studies on Health Education

may you assist me with a good easy healthcare administration study topic

May you assist me in finding a research topic on nutrition,physical activity and obesity. On the impact on children

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Healthcare Dissertation Topics

Published by Carmen Troy at January 4th, 2023 , Revised On May 16, 2024

Healthcare education brings together the science and arts of medicine along with the practice of general education. Healthcare is an educational program that is tremendously significant for humans and society.

Medicine, nursing, and all other related healthcare fields provide a substantial understanding of living beings, disease trends, treatment, treatment outcomes, functional abilities, disabilities, and much more.

The primary purpose of healthcare is to ensure people’s health, look after the patients, and provide information about health risks and their effects. Healthcare education provides knowledge and information about life and helps survival, to say the least.

We all rely on the healthcare system to get physically well and resume the mundane course of life after getting affected by a health risk.

Therefore, studying healthcare is of immense importance as it offers you the opportunity to serve humanity by looking after their health. If you are studying healthcare science, you will need to complete a dissertation to complete a degree and practice its laws and principles.

It is always a highly complex task to begin the dissertation or even find the motivation. Choosing the right topic can help you cross their mental barrier, however. Look at some of the potential healthcare dissertation topics mentioned below to get an idea for starting your dissertation.

You may also want to start your dissertation by requesting a  brief research proposal  from our writers on any of these topics, which includes an  introduction  to the problem,  research question , aim and objectives,  literature review , along with the proposed  methodology  of research to be conducted. Let us know if you need any help in getting started.

Check our  example dissertation  to get an idea of  how to structure your dissertation .

You can review step by step guide on how to write your dissertation  here .

List Of Latest & Free Healthcare Dissertation Topics

• What are the ethics of using artificial intelligence in personalised medicine?
• The use of virtual reality for pain management in chronic illness. 
• The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on healthcare worker burnout. 
• How is climate change affecting the spread of infectious diseases globally?
• 3D printing technology for prosthetics
• Promoting mental health literacy with a mediating role of diversity. 
• The potential of gene therapy in treating genetic disorders. 
• Effects of 5G technology on remote medical care consultation 
• The use of deep learning has gotten a lot of attention in the development of detection software. How can it be used to detect diabetes?
• Use of deep learning to detect breast cancer among women
• The impact of remote work on the mental health of employees. 
• Strategies to address burnout in medical students. 
• The impact of air pollution on the lungs and respiratory conditions of people.

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Problem fixed! We can write any type of essay in any referencing style. We ensure every essay written is beyond your expectations.

Healthcare Dissertation Topics For Your Research

Topic 1: investigating the impact of household air pollution (hap) on the respiratory health of people and recommend measures of intervention.

Research Aim: The research aims to investigate the impact of household air pollution (HAP) on the respiratory health of people and recommend measures of intervention

Objectives:

• To analyse the contributors of HAP.
• To determine the impact of harmful particulate matter on the respiratory health of people.
• To suggest measure for controlling HAP through intervention with biomass fuels.

Topic 2: An assessment of the bioethics issues arising during medicine development and administration to patients and how ethics of public health can be improved

Research Aim: The research aims to conduct an assessment of the bioethics issues arising during medicine development and administration to patients and how ethics of public health can be improved

• To analyse the bioethics challenges associated with medicine development and patent administration.
• To examine the measures of improvement of ethics associated with public health.
• To conduct an assessment of the bioethics issues arising during medicine development and administration to patients and how ethics of public health can be improved

Topic 3: Investigating the present global health security infrastructure and its capacity to detect and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. A case study of the outbreak of COVID-19.

Research Aim: The research aims to investigate the present global health security infrastructure and its capacity to detect and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. A case study of the outbreak of COVID -19.

• To analyse the concept of global health security.
• To determine the current infrastructure of global health security and the position of WHO in detecting and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
• To investigate the effectiveness of the present global health security infrastructure in dealing with the Coviud-19 pandemic and recommendations for future scenarios.

Topic 4: Investigating the importance of vaccines and childhood nutrition in improving maternal and child health

Research Aim: The research aims to investigate the importance of vaccines and childhood nutrition in improving maternal and child health

• To determine the present challenges of maternal and child health and its significance in society.
• To analyse the role of vaccines and childhood nutrition in safeguarding the health of the mother and child.
• To recommend measures to improve maternal and child health for ensuring wellbeing of the families with pre-natal and well-child care for infant and maternal mortality prevention.

Topic 5: An analysis of the risks of tobacco and second-hand smoke exposure on the cardiovascular health of people in the UK.

Research Aim: The research aims to conduct an analysis of the risks of tobacco and second-hand smoke exposure on the cardiovascular health of people in the UK.

• To contextualise the risk factors of tobacco and second-hand smoke.
• To determine the cardiovascular health impact of the people of the UK due to tobacco and second-hand smoke.
• To recommend measures for reducing and minimising tobacco risks and prevent health impact due to passive smoke.

Trending Healthcare Dissertation Topics

Topic. 1: covid-19 and health care system.

Research aim: The prime focus of the research will be analysing the impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare system and how the healthcare system was able to handle the health emergency in different regions of the world. The research can pinpoint one location and study its healthcare system from the perspective of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Topic 2: UN health care policy and its implications

Research aim: The UN has a major health department that oversees the health sector around the world. The United Nations plays an important role in bringing sustainability in human life physically, economically, and in so many other ways. The main goal of the research will be to understand and analyse the UN healthcare policy and identify to what extent it is improving healthcare systems around the world.

Topic 3: WHO's response to COVID-19

Research aim: It is an undisputed argument that the World Health organisation was at the forefront when the tsunami of pandemics hit the world. From keeping people informed to ensuring the formulation of vaccines, the WHO’s role was comprehensive. The aim of the research is to identify how WHO responded to the outbreak and helped people stay protected. The research will critically analyse the plans that were formulated and executed in response to the COVID -19.

Topic no.4: The spread of the variant during the Olympics and Paralympics

Research Aim:  Olympics were called from July to August in 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, when delta variant had been engulfing lives around the world. While many people opposed the decision of arranging the Olympics, it ended up with flying colours. But it is said that due to the Olympics and Paralympics, in which athletes from all over the world participated, the delta variant transcended easily.

The aim of the research is to find out whether or not the Olympics and Paralympics helped the spread of the delta variant. 

Topic no. 5: The COVID-19 Vaccination drive and people's response

Research Aim: There is a large proportion of people who are still unvaccinated against COVID -19 in the world. The aim of the research is to track the COVID -19 vaccination drive around the world. The researcher will also find the key motivations behind their denial.

Topic no. 6: Poverty and its impact on childhood diseases

Research aim: The aim of the research will be to find out the relationship between poverty and childhood diseases. The researcher can conduct quantitative research by finding out the figures of most affected childhood diseases and their financial data in the world.

Topic no. 7: The motivation towards a healthy life

Research Aim: By and large, it is said that people in a few regions of the world are more motivated towards attaining a healthy life than in other places. The purpose of the research is to find relative and varying motivations to live healthily around the world.

Topic 8: Health crisis in warzone countries

Research aim: Children and women are the most suffered creatures in the warzone areas of the world. The purpose of the research is to identify the health crisis of women and children in places where there is no rule of law.

How Can ResearchProspect Help?

ResearchProspect writers can send several custom topic ideas to your email address. Once you have chosen a topic that suits your needs and interests, you can order for our dissertation outline service which will include a brief introduction to the topic, research questions , literature review , methodology , expected results , and conclusion . The dissertation outline will enable you to review the quality of our work before placing the order for our full dissertation writing service !

Also Read: Medicine and Nursing Dissertation Topics

Topic 9: Scope of Health care research

Research aim: The research aims to identify and analyse the significance of healthcare research and its effects on humans and society. The researcher will identify the necessity of the study in the field and its overall impact. 

Topic 10: The future of telemedicine

Research aim: Telemedicine refers to the use of technology to disseminate medical information, diagnose, or interact with a patient. Currently, it is gaining tremendous importance, especially due to the pandemic, but it is important to figure out how it will work out in the future.

The research aim of the research would be to find the significance of telemedicine and its prospects.

Topic 11: Controlling infectious diseases

Research aim: The research will aim to find out whether or not infectious diseases are difficult to deal with. The paper will identify all the elements responsible for making infectious diseases unstoppable. The researcher can make arguments in the context of the COVID-19.

Topic 12: Effective health care policies around the world

Research aim: Different countries have different healthcare systems with different policies around the world. The aim of the research will be to find out the most effective healthcare systems around the world. The research can incorporate both quantitive and qualitative methods for the study.

The researcher can pinpoint a respective area for the study—for example, the healthcare system of Nigeria, the United States, South Asia etc.

Topic 13: Technology and health care system

Research aim: The advancements in technology have transformed all aspects of our life, and the healthcare system is no exception.

The main aim of the research will be to find out the impact of technology on the healthcare system.

Topic 14: Health care system in 2030

Research aim: The aim of the research will be to identify trends and forecast the future. The researcher will examine the healthcare system today and study the elements that may bring about change and may modify it in the future. The projections must be based on evidence.

Topic 15: The emotional impacts of COVID-19

Research aim: The COVID-19 affected normal life significantly. People were locked in their homes, and the roads and streets were empty. From that perspective, it is significant to understand how(if it did) affected people emotionally.

The main aim of the research will be to find out how and to what extent COVID-19 it affected people emotionally. 

Topic 16: Beauty standards and how they impact the health of humans

Research aim: Neither being skinny is healthy, nor starvation is the solution to getting a perfect body shape. The standard beauty standards have persistently put social pressure on individuals to become as per se. Otherwise, they will be neglected or segregated. The research will aim to find out how people who try to meet the standard beauty standards affect their health. 

Topic 17: Depression and anxiety in adults in developed countries

Research aim: Depression and anxiety are some common instances that occur to almost all people. It may apparently look like people in developed countries, having access to their basic needs, must not have anything to worry about. It might not be what looks from the outside. The research will measure the rate of increase or decrease in depression and anxiety in adults in developed countries and identify the key determining factors.

Topic 18: Creating awareness of Breast cancer in third world countries

Research aim: The aim of the research will be to identify why it is important to create awareness about breast cancer in third-world countries and identify how to do so.

Topic 19: Gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies

Research aim: Haemoglobinopathies are genetic problems that affect the structure or formation of haemoglobin. One recent research identifies gene therapy as a solution to the disorders. The research will aim to identify how effective gene therapy is and in what capacity it can be used in medicine in the future.

Topic 20: The unspoken problems of health care management

Research aim: While so much stress is put on ensuring the treatment of patients and advancing the healthy lives of humans in general, there is very little say about what problems may be faced by people who are managing . The research aims to identify the undiscussed problems faced by healthcare management to ensure a healthy life for people.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How to find healthcare dissertation topics.

To find healthcare dissertation topics:

• Examine emerging health issues.
• Analyse gaps in healthcare.
• Review medical literature.
• Consider policy or technology impacts.
• Explore patient perspectives.
• Select a topic that aligns with your passion and career aspirations.

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Your dissertation may seem daunting if you do not pace yourself. Getting started on it as soon as possible is the best thing you can do. Research and writing will take more time if your paper is better. Your corporate governance dissertation is giving you trouble if you picked the wrong topic.

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57+ Best Health and Social Care Dissertation Topics in 2023

Are you in the process of developing a health dissertation Topic? Have you already decided what you want to write about? Do you know how you will compile the paper? It is not as easy as it seems. In order to write a satisfying dissertation, you should gather sufficient information, organize the data, identify your […]

Table of Contents

Are you in the process of developing a health dissertation Topic?

Have you already decided what you want to write about, do you know how you will compile the paper.

It is not as easy as it seems. In order to write a satisfying dissertation, you should gather sufficient information, organize the data, identify your target audience, and determine the most appropriate topic for your research. Here are some tips that can help you with your decision.

A health dissertation topic should be something you really interested in. If your topic makes you curious and you’re eager to discover its solution, then you’re on the right track. But first, you need to absolutely know what you want to get from your research. For locating current research topics related to health, your best resource is usually medical journals.

You will choose the best health and social care dissertation topic, but great ideas can be taken through a renowned website. It will give you an edge over your friends and cut a niche for you in academic writing. The researchers usually dig deep into the subject with careful analysis.

The literature reviews are given balanced arguments and justification that demonstrate the logical and far-reaching ability of the aspirant. There are many health and social care dissertation topics that are unique enough to build a novelty for aspiring students. Here are some excellent examples for you.

Best Health and Social Care Dissertation Topics

If you are looking level 5 diploma in health and social care research project ideas below topics list give you the perfect idea for your required topics.

• Depression Health: Society is the biggest force that leads to the vehicle of depression among people of different age groups.
• Mitigation of diseases: How does society play the best role in the mitigation of diseases from the life of an orphan child by adopting them for medical expenditure?
• Health-Related Skills: Requirement of health-related skills for the people of society to show their social care towards the marginal sections of society.
• Health Problems and nurse role: How a nurse can aware of the people of society towards the different health problems and precautions related to them?
• Health Care Facilities: How people from lower-strata and marginal sections of society can be given the best health care facilities with the contribution of society?
• Depression Health Care: How to improve the condition of a person going through depression by providing him or her social support and care?
• Health Sector related to depression: What are the different aspects that fall under social care in the health sector related to depression?
• Health-related death: Improvement in the scenario of health-related death in developing countries through social care.
• Nurse role in providing health facilities: How nurses can play a significant role by providing health facilities to needy people free of cost?
• Nursing ethics suggest towards health: What does nursing ethics suggest towards the health and social care of people in society?
• Health Facilities for Old Age: Things that hinder the path of society in providing health-care facilities to needy people in old-age homes?
• Nursing care for old Age: How is the idea of part-time working in Orphanage-houses and old-age homes for nursing?
• Nursing profession: Social care is a vital part of the nursing profession as per its ethics.
• Care towards orphan children: Why it is important to make the adoption law easy to help society in showing their care towards orphan children?
• Social care importance in the health sector: Importance of social care in the health sector and how to enhance its level with law and policies?
• An analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of different methods of managing chronic pain
• The role of community-based organizations in addressing health disparities
• An exploration of the use of telehealth in rural areas
• An analysis of the impact of social media on body image and disordered eating among young adults
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of different approaches to addiction treatment
• An exploration of the challenges and successes of implementing electronic health records in healthcare organizations
• An analysis of the impact of poverty on health outcomes
• A study of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce stigma surrounding mental illness
• An exploration of the challenges and successes of implementing health promotion programs in low-income communities
• A study of the relationship between social support and health outcomes in older adults
• An analysis of the impact of social determinants of health on cardiovascular disease risk
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of different approaches to managing obesity
• An exploration of the use of mindfulness-based therapies for anxiety and depression
• A study of the impact of workplace wellness programs on employee health and productivity
• An analysis of the role of cultural competence in healthcare delivery
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of different approaches to managing diabetes
• An exploration of the impact of social support on cancer outcomes
• A study of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities
• An analysis of the impact of social media on the spread of misinformation about health
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of different approaches to managing hypertension
• An exploration of the challenges and successes of implementing palliative care in healthcare organizations
• A study of the impact of social support on the health of individuals with chronic illnesses
• An analysis of the impact of socioeconomic status on access to healthcare
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of different approaches to managing chronic fatigue syndrome
• An exploration of the impact of stigma on the mental health of LGBTQ+ individuals
• A study of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce health disparities among low-income communities
• An analysis of the role of community health workers in addressing health disparities
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of different approaches to managing rheumatoid arthritis
• An exploration of the impact of social support on the health of individuals with mental illnesses
• A study of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce health disparities among indigenous populations
• An analysis of the impact of social determinants of health on mental health outcomes
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of different approaches to managing asthma
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• A study of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce health disparities among immigrants
• An analysis of the impact of social media on the spread of misinformation about vaccines
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of different approaches to managing multiple sclerosis
• An exploration of the impact of social support on the health of individuals with disabilities
• A study of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce health disparities among refugees
• An analysis of the impact of social determinants of health on infant mortality rates

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Your Undergraduate Dissertation in Health and Social Care

• Nicholas Walliman - Oxford Brookes University, UK
• Jane Appleton
• Description

This is a revised edition of Nicholas Walliman's best-selling Your Undergraduate Dissertation , which has been specially tailored to the needs of those studying health, social care and related subjects. All the central topics are covered, with comprehensive information and guidance on crucial issues such as ethics, research governance and appraising the quality of the evidence. Relevant 'real life' examples are also included, drawn from a wide range of settings.

This guide offers a genuinely accessible and supportive source of advice that will be welcomed by undergraduates in working towards their final year dissertation in health and social care. SAGE Study Skills are essential study guides for students of all levels. From how to write great essays and succeeding at university, to writing your undergraduate dissertation and doing postgraduate research, SAGE Study Skills help you get the best from your time at university. Visit the SAGE Study Skills hub  for tips, resources and videos on study success!

Supplements

The text is difficult to read and there are far more engaging books on this subject. Really not applicable to widening participation students.

I will be recommending this book for health care degree learners. The book is set out well and has a variety of information that is useful not only when preparing for dissertation in both health care and social work. Some sections go beyond dissertation and thus also can be an invaluable reference book when in professional practice.

this text is recommended for all Undergraduate students about to embark on their major project

very helpful book easy to navigate.

This the perfect text for our public health department's junior year writing course.

This book was sent during the summer when I was unable to review it in enough depth. However I shall be suggesting it as a supplemental text

This book will be recommended to our students. It contains some invaluable chapters that students will find useful.

This is a useful text which contains valuable information for all undergraduate students completing their dissertaion. I have given it a personal recomendation to a number of students who have learning differences as I feel it will benefit them particualrly.

In addition to midwifery students, I will also be recomending this text to nursing, radipgraphy and social work students I am in contact with during Interprofessional learning modules.

A book I have recommended to several students enbarking on writing their dissertation. No feedback as yet as to whether sudents have found it useful.

Presented in a question and answer ‘manual’ style text this book is a must have for undergraduates wishing to get a successful grasp on the complex field of research. It offers a clear introduction to various types, approaches and methods used and accepted within the discipline of Health and Social Care. Te title of the book does not do the text justice - it would be advisable to obtain this user friendly read before approaching any written paper/essay involving research, and can then be referred to during extended projects as a guide to focus and keep on track!! With plenty of suggested further reading this book makes a great companion on an otherwise, LONELY journey.

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• The Perception of Quality Among Users of Commune Health Centers and Users of Private Providers in Northern Vietnam

Health financing

• National Health Insurance in Ghana: Politics, Adverse Selection, and the Use of Child Health Services.
• Evaluating the Effectiveness of User Fee Increase in Improving The Quality of Care: Government Primary Health Care Services in Indonesia
• The Impact of Community-Based Health Insurance on Health Care Utilization and Financial Sustainability: The Example of Rwanda
• Impact of Health Insurance on Health Care Utilization in Vietnam
• Stimulating Demand:  An Assessment of the Conditional Cash Transfer Project in Afghanistan

Health policy and resource allocation

• Exploring Attitudes and Perceptions of Policymakers and Health Researchers Towards Evidence-Based Health Policymaking in Argentina: A Mixed Methods Approach
• Dual Practice in Kampala, Uganda: A Mixed Methods Study of Management and Policy
• Understanding Political Priority Development for Public Health Issues in Turkey: Lessons from Tobacco Control & Road Safety
• Academic Knowledge Brokers in Kenya: A Mixed Methods Study of Relationships, Characteristics and Strategies
• Decision-Making for Allocation of Public Resources in Decentralized District Health Systems in Uganda

Maternal, neonatal and child health

• Antenatal and Delivery Care in Afghanistan Knowledge and Perceptions of Services, Decision Making for Service Use, and Determinants of Utilization
• Early Maternal Morbidity and Utilization of Delivery Services by Urban Slum Women of Dhaka, Bangladesh
• An Assessment of Maternal Health Service Needs of Immigrant Women Living in East Calgary, Canada
• Health Seeking Behavior of Women and Their Families During Pregnancy, Delivery and Postpartum Period in Nepal

Evaluation of health programs

• Comparison of Biomarker Surveillance of Measles Immunity to Conventional Indicators of Vaccination Coverage
• Qualitative Research to Develop a Framework for Evaluating the Sustainability of Community-Based Child Health Programs Implemented by Non-Government Organizations
• Evaluating the Delivery Huts Program for Promoting Maternal Health in Haryana, India
• Evaluating the Scale-Up of Community Case Management in Malawi: Health System Supports, Health Worker Attitudes, and Equity of Service Provision

Refugee and humanitarian assistance

• Family Relationships and Social Interaction in Post-Conflict South Kivu Province, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo A Mixed Methods Study with Women from Rural Walungu Territory
• Utilization of Health Services for Children after the Tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia
• Factors Affecting School Enrollments in a Post-Repatriation Context: A Study of Household Roles, Attitudes and Forced Migration Processes in Urban Somaliland
• A Balanced Scorecard for Assessing the Quality and Provision of Health Services in UNHCR Refugee Camps

Injury prevention and control

• Road Traffic Injuries In China: Time Trends, Risk Factors and Economic Development
• Evaluating an Intervention to Prevent Motorcycle Injuries in Malaysia: Process Performance, and Policy
• Injuries and Socioeconomic Status in Iganga and Mayuge, Uganda: Inequities, Consequences and Impacts
• A neglected epidemic of childhood drowning in Bangladesh: Epidemiology, risk factors and potential interventions

Equity and fairness in distribution of health services

• Gender and Access to DOTS Program (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course) in a Poor, Rural and Minority Area of Gansu Province, China
• Empowering the Socially Excluded: A Study of Impact on Equity by Gender, Caste and Wealth in Access to Health Care in Rural Parts of Four North Indian States
• Gender, Empowerment, and Women's Health in India: Perceived Morbidity and Treatment-Seeking Behaviors for Symptoms of Reproductive Tract Infections among Women of Rural Gujarat
• Trust in Maternity Care:  A Contextual Exploration of Meaning and Determinants in Peri-Urban Kenya
• The Effect of Contracting for Health Services on the Equity of Utilization and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure in Rural Afghanistan

Health economics

• The Equity and Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing in Tanzania
• Hospital Coding Practice, Data Quality, And DRG-Based Reimbursement Under the Thai Universal Coverage Scheme
• Willingness-to-Pay and Cost-Benefit Analysis on Introducing HIB Conjugate Vaccine into the Thai Expanded Program on Immunization
• Economic Evaluation of the Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of the Diarrhea Alleviation through Zinc and Oral Rehydration Therapy Program at Scale in Gujarat, India
• The Economics of Non-Communicable Diseases in Rural Bangladesh: Understanding Education Gradients in Mortality and Household Wealth Impacts from an Adult Death

Health outcomes and burden of disease methods

• Measuring the Burden of Disease: Introducing Healthy Life Years
• Measuring the Burden of Injuries in Pakistan Epidemiological and Policy Analysis
• Strengths and Limitations of Population-Based Health Surveys in Developing Countries: A Case Study of National Health Survey of Pakistan: 1990-94
• Approaches to Measuring Non-Fatal Health Outcomes: Disability at the Iganga-Mayuge Demographic Surveillance System in Uganda
• A National Burden of Disease Study for The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Quantifying Health Differentials Between Nationals and Migrants

Healthcare Dissertation Topics

Choosing an appropriate dissertation topic is the first step in implementing an appropriate, effective, and specialised research strategy that in turn allows students to facilitate their own academic and professional development.

The ability to explore a given subject in depth and to use the appropriate research tools to answer a dissertation question is often regarded as one of the most essential processes that indicates and demonstrates students’ capacities as future researchers. Therefore, it is important for students to have clear knowledge of the current trends pertaining to their discipline, thus allowing them to make informed decision regarding their own professional future.

To help students prepare for this process this article highlights several healthcare dissertation topics that healthcare students can base their project on; these are divided into five categories: Global health policies, healthcare management, evidence-based healthcare, mental healthcare, and technological advancements (technology takeover).

Global health policies dissertation topics

Healthcare management, evidence-based practice, mental health care dissertation topics, technology takeover.

In general, global health policies pertain to the decisions and the decision-making processes that translate evidence-based practice and healthcare into effective public interventions. The COVID-19 pandemic has dominated our lives but has also highlighted the importance of public health policies. As such, the following topics revolve around this field of healthcare.

• Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic: How can the World Health Organisation prevent and respond to major pandemic crises?
• What is the effect of recent public health policies on reducing or controlling childhood obesity? A UK-based case study.
• What are the current trends, attitudes, and causes that facilitate and establish vaccine hesitancy in British HCPs and what are the barriers towards mitigating this phenomenon?
• The European Union demonstrated a very inefficient response in terms of securing an adequate number of vaccines in the recent COVID-19 pandemic. What are the underlying reasons for this response to the COVID-19 outbreak?
• Models and policies of supervision used as a support method for therapists.
• It has been one year since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. How has Brexit affected Britain’s response to this outbreak?

Healthcare management involves the administration of care systems and institutions and the means with which these processes can optimise healthcare treatment, delivery, and the quality of healthcare services provided. Therefore, healthcare management is also intertwined with patient satisfaction and patient outcomes.

• What are the ramifications of increasing patient numbers in emergency care settings?
• What are the socioeconomic and intrinsic healthcare barriers that prevent vaccine equity?
• Investigating the factors that undermine childhood vaccine coverage in the UK.
• Ethical and legal matters regarding patients refusing treatment: a deontological approach.
• What are the best healthcare management practices in follow-up procedures following medical-related errors?
• What is the difference and the effectiveness of horizontal and vertical healthcare strategies?

Evidence-based practise or EBP is an interdisciplinary approach in which current scientific evidence is used to formulate and define the underlying decision-making processes regarding patient care and treatment. Therefore, this term underlines the importance of integrating clinical experience with the best and most appropriate clinical evidence stemming from systematic research. Dissertation topics related to evidence-based practice intend to investigate the most effective care available and whose implementation is bound to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction rates.

• A Systematic review on the effectiveness of single and multi-tablet regimes for treating HIV in patients.
• What are the determinants for success in apical surgery? A systematic review.
• Can chronic stress increase the risk of atherosclerosis?
• Can stigmatisation help change or shape individual health behaviours?
• What is the efficiency of physical activity in terms of reducing excessive weight during pregnancy?
• Child poverty and healthcare access: A case study for the UK.
• Diabetes: The efficiency of associated lifestyle interventions in tackling this major public health issue.

Mental health care refers to the services, policies, and processes that focus on the treatment of mental illnesses and disorders. Therefore, the main purpose of this healthcare field involves the improvement of mental health in patients suffering from dementia, anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, etc. by enhancing their quality of life through consultation, support, and innovative therapeutic approaches.

• What is the psychological and mental aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak in children?
• Mapping of the pathophysiology related to the diagnosis of a person experiencing complex healthcare needs such as vascular dementia.
• Evaluating the risk of suicidal intent in individual who survive overdoses via routine screening for depression and alcohol abuse.
• Assessing and understanding the mental health needs of individuals who have suffered sexual and physical abuse.
• What is the relationship between mental health and physical health: A systematic review.
• Providing support and consultation to families who care for elderly patients with dementia. A focus on modern technology.
• Non-medical strategies to assist patients suffering from depression in the UK. A qualitative study.

Undoubtedly, the recent technological advancements have transformed healthcare, and this trend is expected not only to continue but also to become significantly more prevalent in the coming years. Elements such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, telemedicine, and healthcare cryptocurrencies are destined to change healthcare delivery and management. However, these advancements have also introduced essential challenges related to data privacy and cybersecurity.

• How does telemedicine and comprehensive remote work affect healthcare efficiency?
• What is the effect of healthcare cryptocurrencies with respect to long-term therapeutic efficiency?
• Data privacy and cybersecurity in care settings: the case of Palantir Foundry in the NHS.
• What is the effect of 5G technologies in care delivery and remote medical care consultation?
• What is the effectiveness and related challenges of e-learning in healthcare settings?
• Deep learning has been identified as one of the most promising and feasible diagnostic processes of artificial intelligence. How can deep learning be used to diagnose diseases in patients?
• Technology has shaped healthcare in irreversible ways. However, has it also facilitated a distinct exacerbation in malpractice claims?

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Top 20 interesting dissertation topics on health and social care.

Health and social care is major concern in the world today particularly with regard to its many facets. With such viral diseases such as Ebola and HIV&Aids, there is a growing global concern on the way forward when it comes to combating pandemics. Well, producing a reliable academic paper means you must have well read and when it comes to writing an excellent paper in health and social care, there is no doubt your paper can go viral if you mean to. Health is a wide field because it includes social care of all ages. Social care focuses on child foster care and taking care of the elderly. Practically, one can conduct a number of studies in this field. In this article therefore, we do a listing of twenty interesting dissertation topics on health and social care. Take a look:

• A look at the best practices in the transfer of information between doctors and nurses in children’s medical care facilities
• A study into the factors that motivate foster care givers in the United States
• The dwindling scenario of volunteerism in social care
• Reviewing case studies involving communicate coordination agencies in Africa
• A rejoinder of community programs and social healthcare in the 21st century
• Concern for the welfare of foster care givers
• The case of language barrier: Doctors without border, patient care
• Social care study: Embedded ethical challenges in social care and health practices study
• Underdeveloped nations: Reviewing the case of effects on child development and maltreatment
• Social interaction patterns in developing world: Analyzing exposure of impact groups to environmental risks
• Reviewing of social welfare of caregivers: A case of China’s pensions scheme reforms
• Health care reforms in developing nations: A look at impact on disease eradication
• Racial discrimination and healthcare: The effects of minority discrimination in India
• Healthcare disparities and religion: A case study of the United Arab Emirates in relation to religion
• Health care reforms in America: The place of the Black minority in healthcare sector employment
• The Ebola crisis: A review of the case studies of death rates in West Africa
• Maternal healthcare and racism: A case of negligence in Middle Eastern countries
• Technology in healthcare: A case study of reforms in Israel’s Medicare facilities
• The cancer treatment: A review of research impact in the treatment of cervical cancer
• Prostate cancer and social health care: A study of progress made in the last decade

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Dissertation for Health and Social Care Professionals HEA4081

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The dissertation is a key component of a Masters programme and is the culmination of the student’s postgraduate study. It enables the student to focus upon a significant piece of investigative enquiry from conceptualisation through to completion. Students are encouraged to produce a rigorous dissertation that has a positive consequence for practice. Research is interpreted to include empirical research involving qualitative and/or quantitative methods, service evaluation, clinical audit or systematic review. The dissertation must be based on an aspect of practice related to the student’s area of interest. The subject will be open to discussion and negotiation.

If your tuition fee is being paid by a sponsor or you are a sponsor paying a student’s fee, you are required to send a copy of a purchase order to [email protected] .

For further guidance please visit: Sponsored students – Edge Hill University

Who is this module for?

Students wishing to complete a Masters degree having successfully gained 120 credits at M Level.

What are the key aims of the module?

• To further develop the knowledge and skills gained in previous study
• To conceptualise, plan, undertake, analyse and present a piece of original research or investigative inquiry in the student’s area of professional practice.

How will I study?

This module normally requires attendance at five half-day sessions. Additional sessions can be arranged with your Dissertation Supervisor. The module overall lasts 52 weeks.

What will I study?

This is an independent study with support from personal academic supervisor allocated.

There will be series of workshops and briefing sessions for all students and supervisors.

How will I be assessed?

Completion of a dissertation that should be approximately 12,000 words in length (excluding footnotes, references and appendices).

On successful completion you will:

• Complete a piece of research or investigative enquiry related to own area of professional practice
• Justify the choice of methodology including selection study design and data analysis
• Identify the strengths, limitations and implications for future study and/or investigation
• Recognise the ethical considerations encountered during the course of the study demonstrating adherence to appropriate governance processes.

Health and Social Care Dissertation Topics

100 health and social care dissertation topics help suggested by professionals.

Health and Social care students pursuing higher studies must write a dissertation paper to earn their degree course certificate. Nonetheless, selecting an appropriate topic to write an authentic thesis becomes often a daunting task for the students. For this reason, we at the British Dissertation Help website offer Health and Social Care Dissertation topics help from experienced academic writers. They are devoted to helping students write an outstanding thesis to secure desired grades in their health and social care courses. Before we see some of the Health and Social Care  dissertation topics help , here are some keywords you can consider for designing your own set of topics:

• Right to Health
• Mental and physical Disparity
• Substance abuse
• Social Services
• Social Justice
• Child-abuse
• Domestic violence
• Youth problems
• Health policies for immigrants

A comprehensive list of 100 Health and Social Care Dissertation Topics Ideas to use in 2022

Health and social care dissertation general topics.

1. How the larger society can contribute to the health-care of the people from marginal sections and lower-strata

2. Roles and responsibilities of a nurse in identifying the different health-related issues from different classes of people in the society and devising precaution measures

3. Defining ideal nursing ethics in delivering the best Health and Social Care towards the people of the society

4. Why social care is a vital part of the nursing profession: A in-depth study

5. Nature, Scope and Opportunities of part-time working in orphanage-homes and old-age homes for nursing

6. The necessity of making the adoption laws uncomplicated to ensure societal interest in the care of orphan children

7. How social care can enhance the quality of services in the health sector

8. Factors that hinder the efficacy of healthcare services towards needy people in the old-age-homes

9. Role of a nurse in providing health facilities to underprivileged people free of any monetary cost

10. A case study of the developing nations: How social care helped in improving the scenario for health-related-death

11. The impact of social care or social support on the life of a patient suffering from chronic depression.

12. Why health-related skills should be a primary requirement for the people of society

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Health and Social Care Dissertation Topics Ideas for Thesis

14. A case study of the financial sustainability of Health and Social care system of ageing UK

15. How technology influences modern social life across different generations

16. Effective measures to Reduce Recidivism in Substance abuse patients: An in-depth study

17. A case study of successful intervention methods to reduce Recidivism after Substance Abuse rehabilitation

18. Evaluating the Health Care services to the immigrant labour force in UAE: A case study

19. Effect of socio-economic inequalities upon the immigrant children’s development in the UAE

20. Finding relation between Religion, Self-actualisation and death anxiety in the young generation

21. Investigating the dangers and finding effective prevention strategies of youth violence: A case study of violence in UK’s youth

22. Recommendations on designing specialised social care services to reintegrate military veterans into the social fabric

23. The influence of gender inequality on teenage girls from conservative societies.

24. Factors that drive domestic violence against women in the 21st Century: A Case Study of UK

25. Examining the normalisation of domestic violence against women and assessing the threats in terms of social and psychological development

26. A closer look into the prescription tendency of doctors in any locality: Which factors influence prescription trend

27. Ethical practices in Pharmaceutical Marketing and how to achieve that with a framework

28. Physiological benefits of Visual exposure to Greenary and how it impacts the behaviour of a person

29. Employee well-being: How greenery can be the best approach to Workplace environment design

30. How the absence of Local Health and Safety Standards affect the Safety management system in an underdeveloped Country

Health and Social Care Dissertation Topics Ideas for Research

31. Benefits of Creative play for disabled children in terms of social, intellectual, emotional and physical development

32. Literature review of teaching methods related to social skills for children with Autism and Asperger’s

33. Why Personality disorders thrive in unpleasant living conditions: Finding a Relation

34. How depression became a global health concern: A retrospective study onto the most prevalent onsets of depression in the UK

35. Depression and how it became a social stigma: A case study into public perceptions

36. Documentation of incidents where life after a serious physical impairment reflected a positive social identity

37. Social inequalities in the UK and their effects on the Public Health

38. Social Policy Changes in the UK and how they account for the transformation of Public health policies

39. Charitable Foundations and how they can provide rudimentary Health Services: The case study of Pakistan

40. A study into the reformation of the Chinese pension system

41. Why underdeveloped countries have a greater risk of exposure to environmental threats: A study into the social patterns

42. How e-commerce based learning disability service can be a viable option for providing easy access to Social care services

43. Health and Social Care: What are the ethical challenges and recommendations to overcome them

44. Methodological limitations related to the preliminary research of physically and mentally challenged people

45. Social Sciences research from an Epistemological point-of-view

46. How maltreatment of Children lead to Childhood trauma and gives fuel to Youth violence

47. Bullying Prevention Strategies for Children with Disabilities

48. Why is there an alarming rate of violence against Children with Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD

49. Racial and Ethnic Discrimination and its impact on the growth of a Child: A case study of US as a heterogeneous society

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Miscellaneous Health and Social Care Dissertation Topics Help

51. The drawbacks of Gun control laws and how they lead to tragic accidents in US schools

52. Euthanasia from a moral point of view: A sin or relief for sick patients

53. What should be the permitted age of drinking alcohol worldwide? 

54. Health insurance debt on middle-class parents and how it is influencing their social attitude

55. A case study of the Khan Academy and the role of Free Health Education in Society 

56. The nature and scope of polygamy in the western society

57. How the legalisation of prostitution boosts the economy

58. Lethal injection: A painless method of death or an immeasurable cruelty

59. Varying views on Abortion: A relative study on religious and medical opinions

60. How adoption by gay couples can affect the proper physical, emotional and social development of a Child

61. Organ donation: A medical necessity but is it correct in the moral compass

62. A discussion on the legalisation of prostitution and its effects on the population of a country

63. The taboo of Gay marriage in modern society why it is being legalised in some western states: A thorough investigation

64. Pornography: Obscenity or a form of art

65. Freedom of expression and the aggressive response in the media

66. The elemental human right to medical treatment and how health insurance is making it expensive

67. Obligatory army service: The history and reasons behind this practice

68. Detection strategies of child abuse and taking strict actions for the welfare of the society

69. Are rehab programs for criminals effective?

70. The case study of positive discrimination on moral grounds 

71. A closer look into how positive discrimination helps minorities to avail themselves economic help

72. The controversial punishment mode of marital rape: Why only punishment for the violence is not enough

73. Medical benefits and disadvantages of organ donation

74. Legalisation of marijuana: Why it is a desirable topic in the modern western society

75. How rehab programs help integrate criminals into the society

76. Universal basic income: What are the limitations and how to overcome them

77. How Digital Data protection laws are changing the way giant tech companies collect user data collection

78. Usage of Generic medicine in the US and how it can become a viable alternative to the expensive medical system

79. Legalisation of Prostitution: Does it improve the status of sex workers in the society

80. Child pornography: Why it is still legal in some African countries

81. How discrimination is shaping the modern American society

82. Same-sex relationship in the light of social care

83. A case study into childhood poverty and its psychological effects on a child

84. How community development enables social inclusion

85. Social attitudes towards Gun permissions in the US States

86. Psychological and emotional impacts of immature parents on adult children

87. Addressing and evaluating child abuse in foster care

88. Understanding the emotional elements of Child abuse: A psychological burden to the society

89. Cognitive behavioural therapy in foster care and how it can change lives

90. A comprehensive study into the effects of Trauma and discovering possible remedies

91. An investigation into the Harmful effects of Adolescent delinquency

92. A closer look into the failure of the American rehabilitation system

93. Discrimination based on Gender in correctional centres: Truth or Perception

94. Structural racism inside the welfare system of America: A study

95. ADHD: Investigating the myths associated and discovering alternative treatments

96. Examining codependency as a component of displacement

97. Expecting mothers and the effects of prepartum depression

98. The role of Interdependency and codependency in the society

99. Home emotional unavailability and how it promotes codependency directly and undirectly

100. Social workers and how they can control the substance abuse

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Your battles inspire me: inclusion experiences of children with intellectual disability in chinese primary classrooms , from direct provision to housing: a qualitative study of the housing journeys of refugees in ireland , redemption theory : redeeming the sins of the father : grandfathers' experiences and practices in a border community in ireland , constructions of older people and their care during the coronavirus pandemic in ireland: a grounded theory analysis of official discourses , navigating multi-locality in rural-urban and return migration: a study of young migrant mothers' experience in beijing .

Impact of climate change on community health and resilience in Ethiopia: A review article

Affiliations.

• 1 Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• 2 Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• 3 Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
• 4 Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• 5 The National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS); Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS); Family and Sexual Health Division, Brian and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Neuroscience Institution, TUMS, Tehran, Iran.
• PMID: 30909203
• DOI: 10.3233/HAB-190364

Background: Drought is a serious issue which might be caused by climate change that could create famine and health problems. Drought reduces air quality, increases fungal infestation, reduces people hand washing, affects mental health, leads to malnutrition by decreasing agricultural production, and increases diseases transmitted by insects. This study aimed to determine and describe community health status through building drought resilience in Ethiopia.

Methods: This review was conducted based on the available peer-reviewed articles that were published from January 2004 to December 2018 Online databases from PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched for studies related to the building drought and community health resilience at different regions of Ethiopia that were published in English language. The search was made by using "Emergency disaster", "prevention", "preparedness", "response", "recovery", "drought", "food insecurity", "coping strategies" and "drought health policy" as keywords.

Results: Most of the reviewed articles deal with the impact of climate change on the human health in relation to food security. The associated factors of the impact of drought on food security is basically due to lack of irrigation and farmland, the scarcity of water due to the direct effect of drought, flood, severe soil erosion, livestock dispossession, family size of the household and literacy of the households. Various coping strategies were employed by the households to alleviate the high and continued food insecurity problem such as reducing the number and amount of meal, scrounging cash and grain, searching for off-farm and non-farm jobs, getting food aid, vending of livestock, and partake in food for work programs.

Conclusion: The findings explored components of the coping strategies to the building resilience create fruitful health conditions for the food insecure household. The effect of agricultural support services as reliance's on drought and community health situation was regarded as a positive outcome. Moreover, the means to get adequate food security strategies in all regions of Ethiopia should be designed. Furthermore, future researches are recommended for finding the best building strategies for each region of Ethiopia.

Keywords: Community; Ethiopia; drought; health; resilience.

Publication types

• Adaptation, Psychological
• Agriculture
• Climate Change*
• Family Characteristics
• Food Supply
• Nutritional Status
• Nutritional Support
• Public Health*
• Resilience, Psychological

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• Education examines the relationship between education and health and well-being. Important areas include graduation rates, higher education, educational attainment, language and literacy, and early childhood education and development.
• Social and community context focuses on how the characteristics of environments where people live, learn, work, and play affect their health and well-being. It covers topics like community cohesion, civic participation, discrimination, racism, xenophobia, cultural norms, interpersonal violence, workplace conditions, and incarceration. Another contextual factor is immigration status, especially for people who migrated from less-developed countries.
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• Neighborhood and built environment explores the relationship between where people live (like housing, neighborhoods, and overall environment) and their health and well-being. Topics include housing quality, access to transportation, availability of healthy foods, water and air quality, and community violence and crime.
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Social Work as a Human Rights Profession: An Action Framework

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Didier Reynaert, Siebren Nachtergaele, Nadine De Stercke, Hildegard Gobeyn, Rudi Roose, Social Work as a Human Rights Profession: An Action Framework, The British Journal of Social Work , Volume 52, Issue 2, March 2022, Pages 928–945, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab083

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Human rights are foundational to social work, as recognised in the global definition, leading many to consider social work a human rights profession. Although human rights has become an important compass for social work, comprehensive frameworks for understanding the ‘practice’ of human rights in social work are still limited. Only recently attempts have been made to fill this gap. This article seeks to continue these efforts and contribute to a better understanding of how social work constructs, deconstructs and reconstructs ideas of human rights in daily practice. We investigated the following research question: ‘How do social workers “act” when using human rights as a framework for practice?’ We used a qualitative research design consisting of ethnographic research and focus groups, with both social workers and service-users participating. Based on our research, we developed five building blocks for an action framework for human rights in social work: (i) systemworld-oriented action; (ii) lifeworld-oriented action; (iii) participatory action; (iv) joined-up action and (v) politicised action. These building blocks give a comprehensive account for the discursive practice of human rights in social work.

Human rights are foundational to social work, as recognised in the global definition, leading many to consider social work a human rights profession ( Healy, 2008 ; Staub-Bernasconi, 2016 ; Mapp et al. , 2019 ). Staub-Bernasconi (2016) , together with Gatenio Gabel (2015) , among others, acknowledges the historical connection of social work with human rights. In recent years, the recognition of social work as a human rights profession gained renewed attention in social work scholarship. In his book ‘ Practicing rights. Human rights-based approaches to social work practice ’, Androff (2016) makes a comprehensive account of the state of human rights in social work. He shows how (inter)national social work organisations adopted human rights in their codes of ethics, how social work scholars increasingly published books and articles on human rights or how social work education developed a range of training materials and educational programmes on human rights. Based on his analysis, Androff concludes that ‘The growth of scholarship and education focused on human rights suggests that the field is turning towards human rights, rediscovering its rights-based roots. It is now undeniable that there is a consensus that human rights are important and relevant to social work.’ ( Androff, 2016 , p. 10). These observations are in line with conclusions of Cubillos-Vega (2017) , who conducted a study on the scientific output on human rights in social work based on articles published in international indexed journals between 2000 and 2015. She notes that in recent years, the academic output on social work and human rights gradually increased. However, Cubillos-Vega’s (2017) study also reveals that published articles were primarily of theoretical nature. From the fifty-seven articles analysed, hardly one-third (sixteen) were of an empirical type. This trend is striking, Cubillos-Vega argues, because of the nature of the discipline of social work, taking a position between theory and practice. Already in 2012, Ife came to a similar conclusion: ‘Much of the academic debate about human rights remains at the theoretical level; less has been written about the practice of human rights. … There is little articulation of what it means in practice for professionals to claim that their work is based on human rights, and so human rights remain a “nice idea” rather than a solid foundation for the development of practice theories and methodologies.’ ( Ife, 2012 , pp. 10–11). Despite the ground-breaking work of several pioneers in the domain of social work and human rights (e.g. Reichert, 2003 ; Wronka, 2008 ; Ife, 2009 , 2012 ; Lundy, 2011 ), the practice of human right still remains a black box. To date, social work scholarship insufficiently succeed to gain practical knowledge showing how social workers ‘act’ when using the framework of human rights. Together with Ife, we acknowledge the presumption that human rights in social work have a discursive character, as they need to be permanently constructed, deconstructed and reconstructed throughout social work practice. ‘Social workers need to see themselves as active participants in this discursive process, and indeed social work practice itself can be seen as part of the ongoing process of the reconstruction of human rights. It is partly through social work practice that human rights are operationalised, and hence defined.’ ( Ife, 2012 , p. 133). Social work should recognise its actorship or agency in constructing human rights and social work scholarship should conscientiously scrutinise this construction process of human rights through social work practice.

Recent launches in social work scholarship rose to this challenge. In 2015, the SpringerBriefs in Rights-Based Approaches to Social Work were launched. The series aims to develop a social work practice grounded in human rights by presenting and reflecting on new methods ( Gatenio Gabel, 2015 ). The Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, established in 2016, has similar aims. In the inaugural issue, the editors-in-chief state that the journal ‘offers the opportunity for educators, practitioners, administrators, and students in this and related disciplines to have a voice and to expand their knowledge base on issues within human rights practice, knowledge of human rights tools, and to develop skills practicing from a human rights perspective’ ( Gatenio Gabel and Mapp, 2016 , p. 1). Additionally, several social work scholars have been developing practice approaches for human rights in social work. Androff (2016 , 2018 ), for instance, seeks to integrate the five-principles framework of human rights (human dignity, non-discrimination, participation, transparency and accountability) into the social work arena. According to Androff, this framework can offer an integrative account across a wide range of social work practices (see also Mapp et al. , 2019 ). One step further is the proposal of McPherson ( McPherson, 2015a ; Mapp et al. , 2019 ; McPherson and Abell, 2020 ), which contains a comprehensive framework for human rights practice in social work (HRPSW). It comprises three pillars of practice: a human rights lens, human rights methods and human rights goals. McPherson (2015a ) explains that the HRPSW model can be useful for both social work practice and social work education. What these practice models demonstrate is the increased academic interest in practice approaches of human rights in social work ( McPherson, 2015b ).

In this article, we build upon these efforts and present an action framework for human rights in social work. Our action framework expands the above mentioned models in an important way. It provides an understanding of human rights in social work in the context of a different welfare regime. Both the studies of Androff and McPherson are USA based, thereby confirming Cubillos-Vega’s (2017) observation of an Anglo-Saxon hegemony in social work scholarship on human rights. However, different social welfare regimes show different traditions of social work ( Lorenz, 2001 , 2008 ), associated with different understandings of human rights ( Alseth, 2020 ). Our study was conducted in Belgium, which is generally conceived as a conservative welfare state, distinct from the liberal welfare regime of the USA. Conservative welfare regimes have a certain tradition with social rights in particular. Additionally, conservative welfare regimes are characterised by a welfare state architecture of corporatism, balancing civil society’s interest and state power ( Esping-Andersen 1990 ; Lorenz, 2001 ; Dean, 2002 ). It is within this corporatist structure that human rights take shape with social workers developing a human right-based practice.

Because of the open character of our research question (‘How does social workers act when using human rights as a framework for practice?’), we chose a qualitative research design ( Shaw and Holland, 2014 ; Carey, 2012 ), developed in two parts. The first part consists of ethnographic research; the second, of focus groups.

Ethnographic research

Ethnographic research allows one to understand complex practices in their ‘natural setting’ ( D’Cruz and Jones, 2004 ) by being ‘ involved in the ongoing, daily world of the people being studied’ ( Fielding, 2008 , p. 269). Being part of and participating in human-rights-based practices in social work allows the ethnographer to get to know the logic, dynamics and meanings behind these practices. For this study, collaboration was set up with one of the eight regional institutions for community development in Flanders, Belgium. These institutions are recognised and subsidised by the Flemish government through the 1991 Act on Community Development. The overall mission of the institutions for community development is to contribute to realising the right to a decent life for people living in vulnerable life conditions. The institutions for community development explicitly use human rights as a framework to realise their mission. In particular, they focus on social rights as they are recognised in the Belgian Constitution: the right to decent housing, the right to education, the right to social security, the right to health care, the right to work, the right to a healthy living environment and the right to cultural and social development. The participatory approach is typical for the work of the institutions for community development. They are not working just ‘for’, but above all ‘with’ people living in vulnerable life conditions. Therefore, the institutions for community development are an interesting case for investigating the meaning of social work as a human rights profession. Our research took place in the institution for community development in East Flanders, one of the five Flemish provinces in Belgium. In collaboration with the institution, we decided to select two human rights domains to study: housing and education. These domains could be considered as exemplary to study social work as a human rights profession.

Research methods used in ethnographic research can be very diverse. For this study, we used a documentary review, participant observation and conversation-style interviews with key informants ( D’Cruz and Jones, 2004 ). For the documentary review, we used documents produced by social workers who are active in the institution for community development. These documents gave us an insight into the work of the institution regarding the role of social work in ‘doing’ human rights. Policy notes, minutes of meetings, annual reports, etc. were all considered. Because in ethnographic research, it is important to understand the particular historical and socio-cultural context of the practices being researched ( Bryman, 2012 ), additional documents produced outside the institution for community development were selected. They were used to develop an environmental analysis in order to ‘capture’ the work of the institution in relation to the broader policy context (demographic data, a ‘map’ of the available welfare organisations, the history of particular neighbourhoods, etc.).

For the participant observation, the relevant activities to understand the work of the institution for community development were selected in mutual consultation with a ‘gatekeeper’ ( Fielding, 2008 ) of the institution. Gradually, the researcher also spontaneously took part in a variety of activities. Participation by the researcher was always overt (see Bryman, 2012 ). Field notes were kept during or directly after the participant observation. These field notes took the form of detailed descriptions of particular events and of people’s actions in these events, as well as the researcher’s initial reflections on these events. In total, participant observations took four months and more than 400 h. Time was divided equally between the domains of education and housing.

The third method we used was conversation-style interviews with key informants. In order to guarantee the validity of the observations, provisional ideas on the findings, striking observations or remaining questions were ‘shared with the member’s world’ ( Fielding, 2008 ) and checked. These ‘ethnographic interviews’ often took the form of ‘interviews on the spot’ and gave a deeper understanding of the practice being studied. For both education and housing, 26 people participated in an interview (total n  = 52). In the case of education, the group consisted of eight community development workers, twelve social workers from partner organisations (civil servants from the city, school social workers, school directors, social workers from the public centre for social welfare [PCSW], social workers from poverty-related organisations, etc.) and six service-users from the institution for community development. The service-users all had a background of living in poverty, and were selected as members of a parent group from a local school for primary education.

In the case of housing, the participants were six community development workers, eleven social workers from partner organisations (civil servants from the city, social workers from the social housing company, social workers from the PCSW, social workers from poverty-related organisations, etc.) and nine service-users. The service-users were selected based on their participation in the working group on housing that is organised by the institution for community development. This working group consists of people who all face problems with regard to housing. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. The researchers had no personal connection whatsoever with the institution for community development. The only professional link that the researchers had with the research context was expertise in the domain of community development and encounters with representatives of the institution in the context of education-related activities (e.g. internships).

Focus groups

In the second part of the study, focus groups were set up. While the general aim of a focus group is to discuss a specific topic ( Bryman, 2012 ), we had an additional 2-fold goal. First, we wanted to flesh out several issues that were not clear after the ethnographic research (deepening). Second, we wanted to explore whether the findings of our ethnographic research that took place in the context of community development were applicable in other domains of social work (broadening). We chose focus groups because they allow for creating rich data, enabling in-depth analysis. We selected people with a more expert profile in social work and human rights. The selection criteria used for participants were (i) being familiar with human rights in a social work context and (ii) having a generalist view on social work practice or policy. Participants from the focus group were senior staff members of various social work organisations, as well as lecturers and professors who teach social work at universities and universities of applied sciences in Flanders. Four focus groups of four to six people were organised (total n  = 18). In addition, seven in-depth interviews were organised with experts who, because of practical considerations, were not able to attend the focus groups. All the focus groups were led by two people: the researcher who conducted the ethnographic research and whose role it was to bring up the content for discussion and a supervisor who was the moderator of the focus group. Each focus group lasted approximately an hour and a half, and each was organised around three statements: (i) Participatory action, as a foundation of a human rights-based approach in social work, can also exclude people; (ii) a human rights-based approach in social work contributes to individualisation and responsibilisation and (iii) a human rights-based approach that starts from rules and laws (a top-down perspective) obstructs an approach that starts from the needs of people (a bottom-up perspective). The discussion in the focus groups was organised based on the five-stage model proposed by Cronin (2008) : (1) introduction; (2) opening; (3) introductory statement; (4) key questions and (5) ending questions. Both the focus group discussions and interviews were audiotaped and transcribed.

Ethics statement

The study was approved and funded by the Research Council of the HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts. It was carried out in collaboration with Ghent University in compliance with the ethical standards of both the institutions. Informed consent was obtained from all of the participants after an extensive explanation of the research project.

Data analysis

For the data analysis, an inductive approach was chosen ( Hodkinsons, 2008 ). More specifically, a thematic analysis was done on the materials obtained from the ethnographic research. The analysis was executed in two steps by the two first authors. In the first step, both authors separately analysed the same six interviews (two community development workers, two social workers form partner organisations and two service-users) for each domain (education and housing). The analysis was based on the six-step model developed by Braun and Clarke (2006 ; see also Teater, 2017 ). Initial codes were assigned to the materials and afterwards they were grouped around several themes or ‘building blocks’. To answer the question of how social work acts when using human rights, we were looking for themes or building blocks that constitute a comprehensive action-framework for human rights in social work. We were particularly looking for different or even conflicting interpretations or constructions of human rights by social work, as these different interpretations could clearly demonstrate the action component of our framework. After individual analysis by the two authors, the results were pooled and discussed. This working method increases the inter-rater reliability among the researchers ( Oluwatayo, 2012 ). The result of this first step was a first draft of an action framework for human rights in social work. In the second step, the second author continued the analysis of the remaining interviews and also analysed the documentary review and the participant observations.

Although the analysis was primarily data-driven, we, as researchers with an interest in social work and human rights, could not disengage from our pre-existing knowledge. As Braun and Clarke explain, ‘data are not coded in an epistemological vacuum’ (2006 , p. 14). So the research context of community development coloured our data to a certain extent. As explained earlier, the community development organisations explicitly use human rights as a framework for their practice. In recent years, they acquired a great deal of expertise in the field of human rights, which has been reflected in numerous reports, memoranda and suchlike. Furthermore, as social work is a practice characterised by interconnectedness with local communities, working with vulnerable people, both at the micro-level of individual support and at the macro-level of structural change, it is no coincidence that related themes emerged from the data. Altogether, the first phase analysis yielded five themes or building blocks for an action framework for human rights in social work: (i) systemworld-oriented action, (ii) lifeworld-oriented action, (iii) participatory action, (iv) joined-up action and (v) politicised action. In the next step, these findings were presented to all the authors and discussed. This did not result in any adjustments at the level of themes, but it did result in some changes to the topics included under each building block. The remaining points of discussion and things that were unclear were taken to the focus groups. After the focus groups were held, the same procedure was followed: the four transcribed focus groups and seven additional interviews were analysed by the two first authors, and then discussed with all the authors, until consensus was reached. Again, this did not result in any adjustments at the level of the building blocks.

Based on our data, an action framework for human rights in social work was developed, consisting of five building blocks. In the next part of this article, we present these five building blocks.

Systemworld-oriented action

The right to social support would be meaningless without social services; the right to education would be meaningless without schools; the right to decent housing would be meaningless without houses and the right to health care would be meaningless without hospitals. All these systems—social services, schools, houses, health care, social security, etc.—are considered parts of the systemworld . The systemworld can be defined as all the institutionalised societal resources necessary for the realisation of human rights. Access to these systems is often difficult for people living in vulnerable life conditions. They frequently experience high thresholds.

The problem is that you have to be well informed and to know the right person.  … How many people know about the income guarantee for elderly people? A lot of people probably know about the premium for housing, but how many of them are actually applying for it? Definitely not that many, because it requires a lot of jargon that keeps people from applying . (a service-user)

It is a recurring complaint that social systems are inaccessible, because people who need care and support must deal with bureaucracy. The problem is not just the large number of forms that need to be filled in. Social workers also send people from pillar to post, so that ultimately people give up and do not apply for the support they are entitled to. In the end, social rights are often not realised.

We do not understand just how high the thresholds are for people who are already in a vulnerable position, who are living in difficult circumstances, and who are then confronted with a multitude of services that are not working in an integrated way, have cultural thresholds, etc. We have no idea what it means to live in poverty, how hard that is … so that support by social services and an emancipatory approach don’t mean anything. (a social worker, institution for community development)

An important topic related to creating accessible social institutions concerns the distinction between ‘universal’ and ‘selective’ social systems. Based on a human rights perspective, social workers often argue for universal social systems. However, some social workers point out the risks of this approach.

Human rights are of course for everyone. But I think that certain groups are more easily deprived of them. These are certainly socially vulnerable groups.  … Other groups have more power to make their voices heard. In any case, they also have easier access to certain rights. Education, for example, is more in line with middle-class culture. (a social worker, institution for community development)

Another social worker puts it even more bluntly:

That is actually a waste of time and resources if we focus on all citizens.  … In such an inclusive organisation, time and energy are not focused on the most vulnerable people. (a social worker, institution for community development)

To resolve the tension between a universal and a selective approach, some social workers argue for so-called progressive universalism. According to this line of thinking, social support should in principle be universal in orientation, and therefore should be addressed to everyone. However, these universal social systems should simultaneously develop ways of supporting people living in vulnerable life conditions who may fall through the cracks, by supplementing them with selective measures ‘within’ these universal systems. So a community centre can be open to everyone, but for people living in poverty, extra support should be provided ‘within’ this community centre to guarantee their participation.

We shouldn’t become the home of the poor either. We have to keep it a bit open without opening it up again to everyone, because then you know that the weakest people will fall out again. (a social worker, institution for community development)

Lifeworld-oriented action

Systemworld-oriented action has its counterpart in lifeworld-oriented action. Lifeworld-oriented action is about social workers making connections with the experiences from people’s everyday lifeworld. The focus is not so much on institutionalised resources, but rather on the practices that people themselves develop to cope with daily experiences of injustice and with violations of human rights.

Actually, being in the field, close to the people, makes you better able to understand the underlying causes … you can more easily contextualise situations. People don’t always say what they want to say or what they think. If you know the context, you can understand that people formulate things in a certain way but mean it differently. (a social worker, institution for community development)

People living in vulnerable life conditions often find that their living environments are insufficiently understood by social workers as well as others. At the same time, they experience difficulties in explaining their own situation to social work organisations.

A lifeworld orientation also requires that social workers facilitate the opportunities to connect different lifeworlds. Connecting lifeworlds can contribute to sharing diverse experiences and to creating connectedness.

One time there was a ‘week of empathisation’. This is good for involving citizens so they can also experience it that way. They cannot imagine what it is like.  … It is good to involve them, so they get a very different view of our problems, because those people don’t normally have to deal with these problems. They should do this a lot more, through a campaign set up by the working group on housing, so these people are motivated to join our conversations and to experience what is going on. (a service-user)

Social workers also point out several risks that might be associated with a lifeworld approach. Specifically, they warn against a narrowing view on social problems where not only are social problems observed in the lifeworlds of people, but also solutions for these social problems are sought within the same lifeworlds. However, problems that manifest in the lifeworlds of people often originate from external causes, such as the labour market, the housing market or the school system. Therefore, social workers should always try to link issues raised in the lifeworld with the way social systems are organised.

That double movement has to be part of our work. That is why we say that you should not see our work merely as directed downwards. You have to work from the bottom up, but that movement must also go upwards.  … You have to link the work with a broader movement of social organisations. They help to raise the issues of social inequality, and they can move society in the direction of redistribution.  … It is even more necessary to set up broader alliances, so that all those little things that happen can become part of a broader context and become part of a wider environment. (a social worker, institution for community development)

The final crucial aspect of social work with lifeworld-oriented action is social duty in public deliberation.

The articulation of different needs of different groups is the core of democracy; that is a social issue. Which needs do we as a society recognise, and which not? Which needs can be defined as rights, how are they recognised, and can we organise ourselves accordingly? These are public debates. These are collective discussions, because not having your needs recognised, and, consequently, not being seen or heard in society, is usually a collective and structural problem. (a lecturer on social work)

Participatory action

Participation is a loose concept, but nevertheless a key notion when talking about an action framework for human rights in social work. After all, shaping human rights requires dialogue between social workers and citizens about how to construct human rights and for what purpose. Social workers point to two complementary features of participation. First, participatory action entails involvement, connection and reciprocity between social workers and citizens. Here, social workers focus on the ‘relational’ characteristic of the practice of participation.

Participative work cannot be one-sided. You cannot expect your client to participate in everything that comes out of your sleeve. I think the art is to participate with them, and to play it by ear: ‘What is going on here?’ If you as a social worker participate with them , you are going to exclude far fewer people than you would if you expect them to come and participate with you. (a social worker, institution for community development)

Social workers also recognise that participation is not simply a relational issue, but that it entails a ‘structural’ approach as well.

If I say that we have to be more individual, this doesn’t mean that we have to find an individual solution. What I mean is that we have to approach people individually and then hear from there what problems those people or those groups are experiencing. It is also important that policy acknowledges the stories of those people. (a social worker, institution for community development)

Participatory action comes with many pitfalls. One is the social exclusion caused by participatory practices. For social work, it is important to be aware of these processes of exclusion and to identify possible barriers and difficulties. In general, social workers indicate that ‘stronger’ people are the ones who participate in available activities, as these practices require a certain assertiveness or particular social or cultural skills.

Participation usually starts from a certain framework and not everyone fits into that framework. It also requires certain skills from clients—skills they don’t always have. So participatory practices exclude people, but at the same time, this makes us aware that we need to find a different way to involve those excluded. (social worker, institution for community development)

Another pitfall has to do with participation in social policy. One of the working methods of the institution for community development is to coach people who live in vulnerable life conditions to speak with policymakers. This involves a risk of instrumentalisation, not only by policymakers, but also by social workers, as these people adapt themselves to the preferences of social workers.

In everything we do, of course, it is important that we let people make their own choices. But to what extent we, as community workers, steer those choices … I’m not sure.  … We wouldn’t say it like that, but we do come up with the solutions.  … We start a project and then we involve people in it. (a social worker, institution for community development)

Joined-up action

Social work exists in many fields of practice. This can lead to physical or metaphorical borders between these fields. The over-organised professional field of social work often results in fragmentation or compartmentalisation. Social work from a human rights perspective should question these borders and even try to break through them. This is what is meant by joined-up action. Joined-up action aims to counteract structures and logic that withhold the realisation of human rights in social work.

A trend in the social field is to divide everything into separate human rights or compartments. That is how social policy is organised. A human-rights-based perspective implies an integrated or joined-up approach. This requires breaking through this administrative compartmentalisation of human rights. (a social worker, institution for community development)

Besides the limitations caused by the organisation of social work in different fields, social work is often restricted by the proliferation of rules, procedures, protocols, etc. From a human rights perspective, this requires social workers to push boundaries.

It is about pushing and crossing boundaries, looking outside the range of tasks, thinking outside the box. Laws are not violated, but rules are; these are agreements, and they can be interpreted more broadly or reinterpreted … . (a social worker, community health centre)

Social workers call for questioning rules and procedures. Joined-up action here means that social workers should use their professional discretion in order to be guided by their ethical duty instead of following fixed rules and arrangements.

Having sufficient professional discretion is very important, especially if you work with the most vulnerable groups. You need to take the side of these people instead of working with a double agenda. In any case, they will feel this immediately. But secondly, the more professional discretion social workers use in a system, the more they can defend the rights of vulnerable groups in society.  … It is important that they make full use of their professional discretion in order to develop a social reflex as much as possible. (a social worker, institution for community development)

Politicising action

Politicisation concerns questioning and contesting power. Power is mostly conceived of as something that belongs to societal structures, like politics or the judiciary system. Exercising power may result in injustice and in inhuman living conditions. The role of social work is thought to be to collectivise individual experiences of human rights violations and to bring these to the public debate. Politicised social work should use political advocacy to denounce structures and systems of power that cause violations of human rights.

You can try to help the person on an individual level to realise his or her rights, but you will always come across structural issues. (a social worker, institution for community development)

Power is also something that is situated in speaking about particular social issues. These discourses of power have a significant impact on people. The role of social work is to question these dominant orders of society. A social worker from a poverty-related organisation working with young people explains:

Many of the young people who arrive at our organisation are caught up in the ‘it’s your own fault’ discourse … . These young people are caught in a system and therefore they often blame themselves: ‘I think it’s me’ … . For example, education is an often recurring subject: 90% have attended special education. How is that possible? Is it only because of the context of poverty that they are being referred to this type of education, largely determining their future? In our organisation, they learn that this is happening not only to them, but this is something systemic. We explain that it is caused by our educational system failing to give everyone equal opportunities. By doing this, we are ‘de-blaming’ them: there is an individual responsibility, but there is also a social responsibility. For them, this is a process of awareness-raising about how society works and about who decides what. In the beginning, this often alienates these young people, these issues of politics, policy, human rights. (a social worker, poverty organisation).

However, because of the often extensive subsidisation of social work organisations by the government, the politicising role of social work is frequently at odds with the autonomy and independence of the organisation.

You are actually in a sort of a split, which keeps you from going fully for human rights. We cannot just be a protest movement. We can never go full 100 per cent. We can do that, but only with the blessing of a minister. (a social worker, institution for community development)

Therefore, social workers should be aware of depoliticising tendencies that increasingly emphasise the controlling side of social work over its emancipatory character.

The pressure is increasing for social workers to exercise control. I think it is important that social workers be very conscious of this: what is my task? … You see that organisations that are not complying are experiencing consequences. … We owe it to ourselves to say why we stand for. If we don’t do that, we do not take our clients seriously. We must unite as social workers to make it clear to policymakers: this is social work and this is not social work. … We must be able to define our role as social workers: what do we serve? We cannot be used for everything. (a social worker, organisation supporting people with a migration background)

Social workers indicate that they should be much more concerned with their self-critical role. Their own actions as social workers should also be scrutinised in some form of ‘self-politicisation’.

Our qualitative research on how social work acts when aiming to realise human rights reveals five building blocks. They flesh out what it can mean for social work to be a human rights profession. It is important to consider these five building blocks in connection to one another as an action framework for human rights in social work. The key point of this framework is the recognition that human rights in social work are collectively constructed and that social workers play a crucial role in this construction process. To state that human rights are collectively constructed is to acknowledge the discursive, contested and complex nature of human rights in social work ( Cemlyn, 2008 ; Ife, 2012 ). There is no single way to construct human rights. On the contrary, trying to realise human rights is a process characterised by a plurality of potential constructions, based on the plurality of interests of the communities and community members involved. Part of our data also show opposing constructions of human rights ‘within’ building blocks. The discussion on systemworld-oriented action, for instance, demonstrates that some social workers are in favour of selective social services, while others defend universal ones. The same goes for participatory action: being recognised as an agent and being acknowledged as a partner in dialogue can conflict with instrumentalising tendencies. It is remarkable that the conflicting perspectives each underpin their opposite positions from the same framework of human rights. Another part of our data show opposing views on human rights ‘between’ building blocks. This is probably most obvious in the building blocks of lifeworld-oriented action and systemworld-oriented action, which can be considered opposites. The approach of starting from the needs experienced by communities seems to be difficult to reconcile with the bureaucratic procedures of institutions within a system, although both rely on human rights.

Our action framework has an ambiguous relationship with previous action models. It resonates only partially with Androff’s five-principles framework ( Androff, 2016 ), particularly regarding the principle of participation. The principle of accountability in Androff’s model is closely linked to the building block of politicised action. For the other principles, the two frameworks can be considered complementary. The same goes for McPhersons’s HRPSW framework (2015; see also McPherson and Abell, 2020 ). Some of the human rights methods in her model share similarities with our action framework: participation is a shared concern; accountability and activism correspond to politicised action; community and interdisciplinary collaboration are related to lifeworld-oriented action and micro/macro integration and capacity building resonate with systemworld-oriented action. On the other hand, the human rights lens and human rights goals are absent from our action framework. As for earlier research in the Flemish context, our action framework agrees with some aspects of it but not others. Vandekinderen et al. (2020) conducted a research project to explore the common ground of social work in Flanders. They identified five building blocks that are considered the DNA of social work in Flanders. Of these, politicising work is the only building block that both frameworks have in common. It is no surprise that this building block also shows up in our results, as politicising work is a main concern in the work of community development organisations in Flanders.

The observed divergences between our own action framework and the practice approaches of Androff and McPherson can be explained in different ways. In part, this is probably due to the different research contexts in which the projects took place. In our project, collaboration was set up with organisations in the field of community development. Although we included focus group discussions to see whether our findings were transferable, additional research in other social work domains could reveal different emphases or even different building blocks. Furthermore, comparative studies between countries could provide more insight into the international transferability of our action framework. As explained in the ‘Introduction’ section, the nature of social work is closely linked to the welfare regime of a country, which in turn ‘set the scene’ for understanding human rights. How different welfare regimes affect the translation of human rights in social work practice remains a blind spot in social work scholarship. However, this is of particular relevance as welfare regimes all over the world are facing far-reaching transformation that have a significant impact on how human rights in social work are understood. Further research might reveal the link between the nature of different welfare regimes and the way social workers use human rights in their practice. Finally, although we included the voices of service-users in our research project, they often remain left out of rights-based practice literature. Further research on human rights in social work should pay much more attention to the perspective of service-users and to the way that a human rights framework affects their situations and life conditions. These issues require an empirical shift in order to fully understand social work as a human rights profession. Understanding these issues could lend more nuance to the discussions on the relationship between social work and human rights, and would move this debate beyond empty slogans and catchphrases.

Alseth A. K. ( 2020 ) ‘ Human rights as an opportunity and challenge for social work in a changing Norwegian welfare state’, European Journal of Social Work , 23 ( 6 ), pp. 920 – 13 .

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Impact of IoT in Healthcare: Improvements and Challenges

• First Online: 02 March 2021

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• H. Swapna Rekha 4 ,
• Janmenjoy Nayak 4 ,
• G. T. Chandra Sekhar 5 &
• Danilo Pelusi 6  

Part of the book series: India Studies in Business and Economics ((ISBE))

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Since last one decade, IoT has been a challenging field of application for the simulation in real-time environment. Rapid changes in information and communication technologies have assisted to the wider usage of Internet of Things (IoT) in areas such as intelligent transport systems, intelligent cities, intelligent healthcare, intelligent homes, intelligent grid, industry automation, smart farming and many others. Among them healthcare has always been a hot interest among various research communities and is a rapidly growing area with the advancement of technology. Managing health issues is becoming a serious factor in healthcare system, as insufficient healthcare services are available to meet the increasing demands of ageing population with chronic diseases. So, the world healthcare system needs the transformation from clinic-centric environment to personalized information allied environment. In modern healthcare system, physicians and patients can be brought together with the usage of IoT technologies for automated and efficient monitoring of daily activities of all age group people and to provide ‘one-stop’ service to people at remote locations by network architecture that provides continuous monitoring of body signals based on sensors. As rapid development occurred in controlling healthcare, this research aims in describing the history, development of futuristic studies and standard assessment of emerging technologies of IoT in healthcare system. Further, various factors affecting the health concerns are disseminated through the latest findings of IoT which will serve as basis of information for scientist, technocrats, researchers and common people in and beyond to this area. This research work also provides an approach to future trends, advancement in the technology made so far and to cope with the challenges such as management of data, compatibility, security, adaptable and privacy.

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Survey on Sensors and Smart Devices for IoT Enabled Intelligent Healthcare System

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Rekha, H.S., Nayak, J., Sekhar, G.T.C., Pelusi, D. (2020). Impact of IoT in Healthcare: Improvements and Challenges. In: Das, K., Mishra, B.S.P., Das, M. (eds) The Digitalization Conundrum in India. India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6907-4_5

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Vol 5, No 1 (2024)

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Comprehensive Clinical and Social Research at the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry: Translation into Clinical Practice

• Authors: Shmukler A.B. 1 , Movina L.G. 1 , Papsuev O.O. 1 , Salnikova L.I. 1 , Shashkova N.G. 1 , Kiryanova E.M. 1
• Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry — branch of V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
• Issue: Vol 2, No 3 (2021)
• Pages: 45-52
• Section: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
• URL: https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/95
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/CP95

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The article is devoted to the work of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry to improve psychiatric care for patients with psychotic disorders. An important feature of this work was an integrated approach, in which the clinical picture of the disease was assessed in close connection with the patient's personal and psychological characteristics, social conditions of his life, therapeutic opportunities, rehabilitation potential and organizational structure of care.

The article reflects the results of many years of work of the department of outpatient psychiatry and the organization of psychiatric care under the guidance of Professor I.Ya. Gurovich. The results of scientific research carried out by the staff of the institute in a traditional humanistic manner are presented. The translational nature of the research is emphasized by its inextricable link with clinical and social approaches.

As a result of many years of work, a concept was developed to provide assistance to various groups of patients, starting with the first manifestations of the disease and ending with cases of long-term chronic disorders with a pronounced level of social maladaptation. As a result, a whole spectrum of new organizational forms of psychiatric care was proposed, such as departments (clinics) of the first psychotic episode, medical rehabilitation departments, assertive community treatment departments, designed for the most difficult patients. These organizational forms were fixed in the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. To date, the above departments have been established in psychiatric institutions in many regions of the Russian Federation. Further development of this area is associated with neurobiological research to identify complex biomarkers of psychotic spectrum disorders.

Thus, the research carried out at the present time preserves the tradition of an integrated clinical and social approach to the study of mental disorders. It is shown that an important advantage of this approach is their translational nature.

INTRODUCTION

Russian psychiatry from the beginning of its establishment as a scientific discipline was characterized by a holistic approach to the mental healthcare provision. An important characteristic of this approach was comprehensive consideration of clinical, psychological and social aspects, personality of the patient, along with the organization of treatment and rehabilitation issues. The clinical manifestation of the disease was assessed together with the patient's personality, psychological traits and social conditions, therapeutic opportunities, rehabilitation potential and organizational structure of care. Typical of Russian psychiatry as a whole, this approach has formed the basis of the scientific and practical activities of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry (MRIP) since it came into being. The clinical approach has definitely been the "carte-de-visite" of the MRIP across the entire period of its existence and remains such at the present time.

Professor Lev Markovich Rozenstein, one of the first directors of the MRIP, is known as a major theorist of psychiatric care organization and an active adept of the rehabilitation approach in psychiatry. He was a brilliant clinician and a sophisticated diagnostician, developing concepts for the prevention of mental disorders, based on a deep understanding and the practical application of K. Jaspers’ phenomenological method. 1 His statements that hospitalizations alone cannot solve the problems of mental patients sound surprisingly modern. In his view, it is necessary to go beyond hospital psychiatry, especially since the majority of psychiatric patients will always remain in the community. The preventive approach in psychiatry, inextricably associated with outpatient psychiatric care, according to L.M. Rozenstein, was based on a comprehensive assessment of the patients’ condition (and not only the sum of certain symptoms of the disease) and a subtle analysis of the actual disease manifestations together with dynamics of the patient's personality in a social environment.

L.M. Rozenstein's ideas were reflected in the concept of social and vocational rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia, which was actively developed in Russian psychiatry between the 1950s and the 1970s. Here we can highlight the studies of Professor Dmitry Evgenievich Melekhov, 2 in which special attention was paid to the concept of “defect”, understood as persistent, post-psychotic manifestations not limited by negative symptoms, but rather possessing a certain structure, clinical features and dynamics.

D.E. Melekhov was the head of the MRIP in the 1950s and is one of the founders of the vocational rehabilitation system in the Soviet Union. Understanding the working capacity prognosis in his studies is inextricably associated with clinical indicators, using both static and dynamic characteristics (systematics of schizophrenia forms according to the "cross section" and "longitudinal section"), as well as post-psychotic states. 2

In this regard, D.E. Melekhov singled out the period of defect development at the active disease stage, the period of formation and stabilization of the defect, as well as the period of the formed and compensated defect. At the same time, even in the latter case, the defect was not considered as being stiff condition, on the contrary, the dynamics of the formed, defective conditions in the guise of episodic, short-term inadequate mood and activity fluctuations, reactive states and the pathological development of the post-psychotic personality were indicated. Moreover, possibility of the compensation, subcompensation (labile and incomplete compensation) and defect decompensation were discussed. The need to distinguish between reactions developing during the active course of the disease and the reactions that generate new symptoms of the disease from truly compensatory reactions, were emphasized.

Based on the peculiarities of the clinical picture and the dynamics of the defect (which is much broader than negative disorders sometimes synonymously used in these cases), the tactics of social and labour recovery of patients were established. Indeed, it is important to distinguish between the restoration of social functioning, due to the symptoms regression in the active stage of the disease and the patient’s adjustment due to the defect compensation in the post-psychotic period. At the same time, the importance of purposeful activity of the individual and the significance of the environment in the compensation of defect were emphasized. 2

The purpose of this article is to review the clinical and social research conducted at the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, and implementation of their results in clinical practice.

NEW APPROACHES TO THE MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN THE COMMUNITY

Professor Isaac Yakovlevich Gurovich also used an integrated approach to the rehabilitation of patients with mental illnesses. In 1978 as the head of the Outpatient Psychiatry and Organization of Mental Healthcare Department, he placed this clinical approach at the forefront of organizational healthcare in psychiatry. New organizational forms of mental care were filled in with clinical content; they were based on the understanding of the dynamic nature of psychiatric diseases, that determines the patients` social functioning. 3

The system of treatment in day hospitals using step-wise approach and continuity of care was developed in the department. The development of the treatment approaches for subacute, subpsychotic conditions, the so-called "outpatient exacerbations" appeared to be a significant achievement. 4 The dissertation researches performed in the department formed the basis for the Regulation on day hospitals, which laid the foundation for the further development of the psychiatric service, with a shift to outpatient care, and for the organization of new forms of care provision within the service. A detailed development of clinical and social indications and contraindications for the admission, significantly increased the scope of conditions that can be treated in day hospitals and enabled patients with psychotic disorders, who maintain socially acceptable behavior and have the support of their family, 5 to receive treatment there. Other substitute forms of hospital care have been developed, such as home inpatient care. 6

The essential role of psychosocial therapy and psychosocial rehabilitation as an obligatory component of psychiatric care at any stage of its provision including a day hospital, 7 was emphasized together with the importance of adequate and intensive psychopharmacotherapy. An important administrative decision — the introduction of social workers into the staff of psychiatric institutions and their subdivisions (psychiatric hospitals, day hospitals, neuropsychiatric dispensaries), enshrined in the corresponding order of the Ministry of Health, was the logical result of this work and significant achievement of the department. This laid the foundation for comprehensive, polyprofessional healthcare for mentally ill. An important aspect of this approach was the consideration of psychosocial interventions not only as a tool to facilitate social adjustment, but also as an effective method of treatment.

The work of outpatient psychiatric facilities has significantly changed and their services have been tailored to the needs of the patients. The modern management of psychiatric patients in the dispensary was laid, the criteria for dispensary observation and the indications for withdrawal from it were developed and implemented. 8

One of the research directions of the department were the issues of social adjustment and the rehabilitation of patients with chronic schizophrenia, which made up a significant part of the dispensary contingent. The features of clinical manifestations and social adjustment of patients with schizophrenia were studied at the stage of disorder stabilization, in an outpatient setting. As a result, a close relationship was highlighted between the clinical manifestations of the disease, forms of social adjustment and the conditions conducive to successful rehabilitation. 9,10

It should be emphasized that all studies put the clinical approach at the forefront, based on a subtle diagnostic assessment of the patient, including both psychopathological analysis and the dynamics of the disease, as well as personality, psychological and social characteristics. For the first time in Russian psychiatry, the concept of quality of life was introduced into the analysis of the patients’ condition; its features were described in various groups of patients, as well as its importance for social adjustment and psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation. 11

The pharmacoepidemiological and pharmacoeconomic aspects of the psychiatric care for patients with schizophrenia were studied for the first time. 12

The Russian-Canadian disability program (1997–2007), which was organized by the staff of the Department of Outpatient Psychiatry and Organization of Mental Healthcare of the MRIP and the Department of Community Rehabilitation and Disability Studies at the University of Calgary (Canada) was the next step in the development of the clinical and social directions in psychiatry. The principles of psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation, the interprofessional team management of patients, as well as individual case management were developed within the framework of the Russian-Canadian program. The staff of the Department scientifically substantiated the efficiency of methods, widely known abroad such as psychoeducation, compliance therapy and the training of social and cognitive skills.

The long-term cooperation of the Department with the University of Calgary facilitated the development of joint educational programs, a large number of specialists from the regions of Russia were trained in psychosocial therapy and the rehabilitation of patients, including internships in Canada. Together with the Moscow State Social University (MSSU), the course for social workers, “Social work in psychiatry”, was developed.

CARE SYSTEM FOR SPECIAL PATIENT GROUPS

A further development of the concept of psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation led to the study of clinical and social characteristics and the identification of the special needs of various groups of patients with schizophrenia. One of the most important areas of research was the study of the initial stages of psychotic spectrum disorders and, on this basis, the development of scientifically-grounded practical approaches to organizing care for patients with newly emerging psychotic conditions. Along with detailed descriptions of the clinical picture and therapeutic approaches in care, considerable attention was paid to the clinical and organizational aspects. As a result, the principles underlying the work of first episode psychosis departments (clinics), were established. After a series of educational seminars, similar clinics were opened in more than 30 regions of the Russian Federation. In fact, a reference system of mental healthcare at the initial stages of psychotic spectrum disorders was developed, including not only inpatient and day hospital treatment, but also the long-term follow up of patients. Its efficiency was proved, both from a clinical point of view and the social recovery of patients. 13–15

Along with the first psychotic episode, considerable attention was paid to the study of the clinical features and the social functioning of patients with a chronic course of the disease, frequent and prolonged hospitalizations, as well as those who had lost social ties. 16,17 The efficiency of the complex community therapy of schizophrenic patients, discharged after long-term hospitalizations, has been demonstrated, which, along with active pharmacotherapy, should include the psychoeducation of patients and their relatives, as well as training in self-care and independent living skills. 18,19 The efficiency of special rehabilitation programs was investigated using the example of the "Club House" model. 20 Various groups of patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, receiving care as outpatients, were studied. The principles of complex community-based psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation were developed and implemented for each of these groups. 21–23

An important element of the department's scientific activity was the study of socially vulnerable groups of patients with schizophrenia, and the development of adequate organizational forms of mental healthcare, tailored to their needs. These groups included patients with unstable social and labour adaptation, with frequent and very frequent hospitalizations, as well as lonely patients. 24–28

The work was carried out in two directions: on the one hand, the psychological components surrounding the issues of loneliness, the disability of patients with schizophrenia and the stigma of mental illness were investigated and the main "targets" of psychosocial interventions for these patients were identified; 29,30 on the other hand, the efficiency of psychosocial work with this group of patients was demonstrated with the involvement of community resources, namely, the integrated social services centres. 31 The study of the social environmental factors and the immediate surroundings of patients with schizophrenia made it possible to develop and put into practice the methods of work with the family of patients with mental illnesses, known as compliance therapy. 32

An important milestone in the development of community-based psychiatry was the organization of Russia's first association of psychiatric care consumers and their relatives, called "New Choices", with branches in more than 50 regions of the country. 33 This organization is now known as the All-Russian Public Organization of People with Mental Disabilities.

Such forms of transdisciplinary collaboration of psychiatric institutions, social protection services and public institutions, aimed at the re-integration of patients with mental illnesses into society, are now an essential part of community-oriented psychiatry.

Thus, as a result of longstanding work, the concept of care for various groups of patients was developed, starting with the first manifestations of the disease and ending with cases of long-term, chronic disorders with a pronounced level of social maladjustment. As a result, a broad spectrum of new organizational forms of mental healthcare was proposed. In addition to the aforementioned first episode psychosis clinics, 34 medical rehabilitation departments (operating both within a hospital and in the community) were proposed and put into practice. Staffing, objectives, indications for referral and the methodology of work were developed. Furthermore, a completely new form of care for Russian psychiatry — intensive care departments for patients with the most severe symptoms, receiving care in a day hospital — was introduced. 35–37 These organizational forms were statutory enshrined in the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 566n, "On approval of the procedure of medical care provision for mental and behavioral disorders", dated May 17th, 2012. To date, the aforementioned departments have been established in psychiatric services in many regions of the Russian Federation.

All these new organizational forms of psychiatric care are characterized by a significant proportion of psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation within the treatment course. This approach is based on a thorough study of psychosocial intervention targets and their therapeutic mechanisms. In this regard, the study of cognitive impairments in psychotic spectrum disorders, which play a decisive role in the social functioning, is essential.

The features of neurocognitive deficit and its dynamics were described in detail among patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders at different stages of the disease, and depending on the course type. 38–41 Much attention has been paid to the studies of social cognitive functions, resulted in development of the whole range of new pathogenetic-oriented approaches to psychosocial therapy. 42,43 An investigation into the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and their relationship with cognitive functioning has been carried out; new tools are being validated to assess social cognitions and negative symptoms. 44,45 The latest forms of cognitive remediation are tested in clinical units (first episode psychosis clinic, medical rehabilitation department). Methodological developments in this direction have contributed to the introduction of a number of modern training programs into the practice, such as training on cognitive and social skills, 46 motivational training for patients with schizophrenia 47 and metacognitive training for patients with psychosis. 48,49

The further development is associated with neurobiological studies, aimed at the identification of complex biomarkers for diagnosistics and determination of biopsychosocial intervention tactics. This refers to the study of evoked potentials, 50,51 in particular, the study of facial expressions, 52–55 the study of oculomotor alterations in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders 56 and autoimmune disorders in newly emerging psychotic states. 56–59 In general, the task is to carry out a network analysis of the identified disorders. 60–62

Thus, the research carried out at the present time preserves the tradition of an integrated clinical and social approach, on the basis of which organizational models of psychiatric services are proposed. An important advantage of this approach is the applicability of its results in healthcare practice, that is, the translational nature of scientific studies.

Funding: The research was carried out without additional funding.

Conflict of interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Authors' contribution: A.B. Shmukler, L.G. Movina, O.O. Papsuev — design, publication review, writing an article; L.I. Salnikova, N.G. Shashkova, E.M. Kiryanova — writing an article..

Alexander B. Shmukler

Larisa g. movina.

Email:  [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3018-6059 Scopus Author ID: 55943728600 Russian Federation, Moscow

Oleg O. Papsuev

Email:  [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3233-2432 Russian Federation, Moscow

Lyudmila I. Salnikova

Email:  [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2965-7156 Russian Federation, Moscow

Nina G. Shashkova

Email:  [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8261-8020 Scopus Author ID: 56144849300 Russian Federation, Moscow

Elena M. Kiryanova

Email:  [email protected] Russian Federation, Moscow

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