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An Introduction to the German School System

Researched & written

by Yvonne Koppen

May 27, 2024

The German school system, along with the higher education system, is known worldwide for its quality and accessibility, thanks to no tuition fees . Yet, the German education system is very complex and differs from those in other Western countries.

This article will introduce you to the German school system’s general structure and the many different study paths and opportunities for students in Germany. At the end of the article, we have compiled interesting facts and statistics about schooling in Germany.

🖌️ Table of Contents

How does the German school system work?

The German school system is a rather complex one and can be quite confusing at first sight. There are multiple ways to acquire a school degree and higher-level education, depending on each student’s interests, skills, and abilities.

The public school system is the centerpiece of Germany’s school system, despite private schools becoming more popular and almost doubling over the  past two decades .

Every German state ( Bundesland ) is responsible for its education policy, from school types to school calendars and class subjects. However, the ministers of education from each of the sixteen states meet twice a year at a national conference (  Kultusministerkonferenz)  to align their plans and practices.

There is no regional draft as to which school a student has to attend. Families in Germany are free to choose the school for their children. 

If you are interested in the specific school system in the different German states, take a look at these  individual guidelines . Otherwise, let’s have a look at the general system and its different school types.

Compulsory school attendance in Germany

Children living in Germany at the age of six to fifteen must attend school ( Schulpflicht ). The compulsory school attendance in Germany has its foundation in the German constitution ( Grundgesetz ). It is designed to allow every child proper and qualified education, regardless of the family’s financial situation, to mix social classes, and prevent religious or ideological parallel societies.

Consequently, home-schooling is illegal in Germany.

Preschool education in Germany

Whether it is kindergarten, daycare, or nursery, any type of preschool is optional and not part of the German public school system. There are many different types of preschool education in Germany. The traditional  Kindergarten  is for children from age three to six, whereas the Kita ( Kindertagesstätte ) already takes infants from six months old.

However, there is a chronic lack of enough spots for children, making it very stressful and tedious for parents to find a daycare place for their young kids close to home. We have heard stories from friends with children who had to apply for a Kita spot while still pregnant to stand a chance of getting one.

For all parents in Berlin

Kietzee is a new initiative to help parents find a Kita spot in Berlin faster and with less stress. You can join the community club and benefit from how-to content and reviews from other parents.

The cost of daycare differs from state to state. In Dusseldorf, where we live, daycare for children between three and six years old is free, while the cost for children younger than three depends on the parents’ income and the hours of caretaking per week. Example calculation for  Kita cost in Dusseldorf  for a child younger than three years: 35 hours of caretaking with a yearly income up to 60.000 euros cost 200 euros per week.

Next to preschool, parents also have the option to stay at home for up to three years while still being able to return to their job, thanks to a very supportive  parental leave  system. As a parent in Germany, you can also apply for  parental allowance , which is financial support from the German government for the first two years after your child is born.

Read Our Related Guide

Parental Leave In Germany [Elternzeit] Parental Allowance In Germany [Elterngeld]

Primary School in Germany ( Grundschule )

In Germany, primary school is the so-called elementary school ( Grundschule ) for grades 1-4 (in Berlin and Brandenburg, grades 1-6). There are  15.447 primary schools  in Germany. Starting primary school is the official beginning of German school education. This is a big day for kids, which is celebrated with the entire family. In German, it is called  Einschulung , and tradition has it that kids get a big school cone ( Schultüte ) filled with school stationery, sweets, small gifts, and sometimes money.

The typical age to start primary education is six years, although exceedingly bright kids can start school in some states already at five years of age, and those that are not ready yet can start at seven years of age.

Primary schools in Germany usually take place for half-days. Parents can choose the school themselves and have to sign their children up for school and make sure that they attend regularly. Students learn to read and write, the basics of math and English in elementary school.  

At the end of primary school, teachers recommend which secondary school to continue with, although it is the parents’ choice to follow that recommendation.

Secondary School in Germany ( Weiterführende Schule )

In most German states, secondary school starts with fifth grade, and this is when the differences in the German education system start. Every German state has its own school system and different names for specific schools. Despite that, there are three general types of schools in Germany that determine different education tracks and career possibilities. Those three types of German schools are Hauptschule , Realschule , and Gymnasium .

Secondary education in Germany is split into two parts: secondary level I and secondary level II. Secondary level I describes grades 5 to 10, and secondary level II describes grades 11-13.

Hauptschule (5-9th Grade)

There are  1.818  Hauptschulen  in Germany. Generally speaking, the  Hauptschule  (in some states called  Mittelschule)  offers the lowest, least demanding learning level in the German education system. It is an excellent choice for pupils who want to continue their education with an apprenticeship in craft or industrial trades – the famous German  Ausbildung . 

The  Hauptschule  gets them ready for such vocational training, starting after the final examination ( Hauptschulabschluss ) after grade 9. Students that attend the  Hauptschule  can also decide to study one more year to finish with the higher-rated  Realschul  degree at the end of 10th grade.

After graduating from the  Hauptschule , the education continues as part of a two to three-year-long vocational training, which operates in a dual system. Students spend around three days a week in their company and around two days a week at vocational school ( Berufsschule ). These students/workers are referred to as  Auszubildende  or short  Azubis . They usually get paid by the company around 1/3 of the standard salary for the job they are training in.

After completing their vocational school and training, they are certified tradespeople of the chosen craft.

Realschule (5-10th Grade)

There are  1.752 Realschulen  in Germany. The  Realschule  in Germany offers mid-level education. It is more challenging than the  Hauptschule , but a step lower than the  Gymnasium . The Realschule prepares students with practical and theoretical knowledge for their future professional life. Students usually have the option to choose a focus area, such as an additional foreign language or science subject. 

After completing the  Realschulabschluss , a.k.a.  Mittlere Reife  or  Fachoberschulreife , students have multiple options to continue their education. Should their grades and performance have been satisfactory, they stand the option to continue to the higher level of secondary school at a  Gymnasium . They also have the option to pursue vocational training ( Ausbildung ) or attend an internship for a better orientation of their desired profession.

As a last option, students completing the  Realschule  can also take a year for volunteering ( Freiwilligendienst ). This is quite common in Germany; it helps to gain professional experience and orientation for future education. There are  different types of volunteering opportunities  in the social, ecological, and cultural areas within Germany and abroad.

Even without an  Abitur  (see  Gymnasium ), students with a  Realschulabschluss  also have the  possibility to continue with higher education . That is after they completed their three-year vocational training and gained a few years of work experience.

Gymnasium (5-12/13th Grade)

The  Gymnasium  is the highest form of secondary education and aims to prepare students for continued university education. It is the most popular school type  in Germany’s secondary school system, with a total of 3.146  Gymnasien . You can find different types of  Gymnasien  in Germany. Some are boys and girls only; the church runs some, and others focus on sports, science, or arts. It is not uncommon that a  Gymnasium  and  Realschule  share the same building and schoolyard.

Traditionally the  Gymnasium  has nine grades (G9), leading to a total of 13 years in school. However, in the early 2000s, a school reform decided to cut one year (while keeping the same amount of learning matter) to end the school education after grade 12 (G-8). This change should allow German students to be more competitive with other European students, who finish school at a younger age.

There have been huge protests and discussions regarding this reform, as students got overwhelmed and had no more time for social activities in the afternoons. Today, a lot of states have returned to G-9 and a total of 13 years in school. The curriculum at a Gymnasium has an academic focus, with a minimum of two foreign languages, higher math, and science courses, with the goal to reach the university level.

The secondary level II, which starts with grade 11 serves as a preparation for future university studies. Students have to choose two focus subjects ( Leistungskurse ) and two additional subjects for the big final exam, known as  Abitur  or  Allgemeine Hochschulreife .

A German university must accept any student with an  Abi  (short for  Abitur ); however, there are no guarantees that the student gets accepted to their desired field of study. The final grade of the  Abitur  (also referred to as NC for numerus clausus) plays a big role in getting accepted by the favorable university to the desired field of study. Especially degree courses like law and medicine are highly competitive and require an  Abitur  with a stellar NC or flexibility in terms of the university’s location.

Gesamtschule (5-13th Grade)

The Gesamtschule combines all three tracks of school education in one comprehensive school, making it easier to switch tracks if necessary. It was introduced in the late 1960s with the idea to replace the traditional three school system but it was never fully adapted. In some German states, the comprehensive school coexists with the three traditional schools.

While the traditional three main schools usually only have half-day classes, a lot of  Gesamtschulen  offer full-day classes. There are currently 2.141 integrated Gesamtschulen in Germany.

Special Needs Schools In Germany

There are very few schools in Germany with an inclusive concept for children and teenagers with learning disabilities. Instead, there are specific schools for students with special needs. Those schools are called  Förderschule  or  Sonderschule . There is some controversy regarding this system, as it prevents disabled students from integrating into daily life.

International Schools In Germany

International schools are gaining in popularity in Germany, amongst German and expat families alike. Most international schools in Germany are private schools with a tuition fee and teach in English or bilingual. They teach in smaller classes and do not follow the German curriculum. Most international schools in Germany teach to acquire the International Baccalaureate (IB) degree after 12th grade. This means that students at international schools will mostly not get the  Abitur . Though, the IB will allow them to study at German and international universities. With the following link, you can find an  overview of international schools in Germany . 

Private Schools In Germany

Private schools have never played such a big role in Germany compared to other countries. However, private schools have doubled in the last two decades, making it  5.855 private schools in Germany in 2020/2021 . Those range from elementary schools to higher education institutes. 

Private schools typically charge tuition fees and require an admission test. They follow the German curriculum to attain the  Abitur , while some also offer other diplomas. 

While there is no school uniform at public schools in Germany, some private schools have them implemented. Students in Eastern and Southern Germany  attend private schools  a lot more than in Northern and Western Germany. 

Unlike in other countries, private schools have to stagger the tuition fees based on the parents’ income or offer different benefits. As per the German basic law ( Grundgesetz ), private schools cannot cause a divide in society due to some families’ financial possibilities or lack thereof. In 2016, the  average tuition fee  per year per child was 2.000 euros. 

Boarding Schools In Germany

A boarding school in Germany is called  Internat , and there are  over 250 different boarding schools in Germany . They range from elite-type with a high academic focus and strict rules to sport or music boarding schools. Some of the  Internate  are still boys and girls only. 

Almost all boarding schools in Germany are private schools, and they follow the German curriculum up to the  Abitur  while also offering specialized courses and activities.  

Higher Education in Germany

Germany is renowned for offering high-class tuition-free university education. In some states, there is a so-called  Semesterbeitrag  (semester contribution) of about 50 to 300 euros and a special tuition charge if a student exceeds the regular study-time. Foreign exchange students may also have to pay fees for specific programs. According to the  QS-Ranking , 12 German universities are rated amongst the best 200 universities in the world. 

Next to traditional universities, which focus mainly on theoretical studies, there are plenty of other higher education schools in Germany. According to  Statista , in 2020/2021,  Germany had a total of 422 higher education schools . Those consist of:

• 210 universities for applied science ( Fachhochschule  or  FH ), which focus on a more practical way of teaching
• 108 universities ( Universität )
• 52 art colleges ( Kunsthochschulen )
• 30 administrative training institutes ( Verwaltungsfachhochschulen )
• 16 theological institutes ( theologische Hochschulen )
• 6 teacher training colleges ( pädagogische Hochschulen )

The  number of students  pursuing academic degrees in Germany increased by 52% from 2002 to 2021, making it 2.944.145 students. 

Germany’s academic curriculum was changed and adjusted to international standards in 2002 by introducing the Bachelor and Master degrees. The previous  ‘Diplom’  took mostly four years to acquire. Nowadays, the Bachelor takes three years, optionally followed by a one or two-year Master. 

Is schooling free in Germany?

Yes, it is. Germany’s public education system, including universities, is open to anyone living in Germany at pretty much no cost if the qualifications are met. The cost for required study materials, school trips, or exchanges needs to be covered by each student or family individually.

The German school year explained

The German school year has two terms, the  1. Halbjahr  usually ends at the end of January and the  2. Halbjahr  usually ends in June or July. When a school year in Germany starts and ends differs from state to state. To avoid overcrowding, traffic jams, and sold-out tourist destinations, the 16 different German states have a staggered vacation schedule, which rotates every year. Historically though, the southern states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg always start the school year last. 

Generally speaking, school in Germany starts in late summer (Mid-August to Mid-September). Instead of one very long break in summer, the German school year has several shorter vacation periods ( Schulferien ). 

These are the main German school vacation periods: 

• 2 weeks Fall vacation ( Herbstferien )
• 2 weeks Christmas and New Years vacation ( Weihnachtsferien )
• 2 weeks Easter vacation ( Osterferien )
• 6 weeks Summer vacation ( Sommerferien )

Schulferien.org  always lists the vacation schedule per state and year.

The German school day explained

A typical German school day starts around 8 am and finishes around 1 pm, with six 45-minutes classes and two breaks ( Große Pause ) . When joining a school in Germany, a student becomes part of a fixed class with a lead teacher ( Klassenlehrer ). The class remains the same for the entire school education (for elementary and secondary level I school), except for elective subjects. The lead teacher usually changes about every three years. 

Each class usually gets their classroom ( Klassenzimmer ), where they get all the main classes taught. Students usually move to another or specifically equipped classroom for specialized school lessons, such as science, sports, art, and elective subjects. 

Each term, the class gets a new timetable, which repeats itself each week. Below you can find an exemplary German timetable. Please note that every school and state will have a slightly different format. 

Example of a German timetable in Secondary School

Most German schools don’t have a cafeteria, and students eat at home. There are usually some extra-curricular clubs that occur once a week; however, most afternoon activities, whether athletics, art, or music, occur outside of school at clubs or dedicated private schools. 

In recent years, the concept of full-day school (often in form of a  Gesamtschule ) has become more popular but remains a minority, as cafeterias have to be added to schools.

German grading system in Secondary Schools

The German grading system in secondary school relies on the following 6-mark number system :

An exam or an entire grade gets passed with a 1-4. If the school certificate ( Zeugnis ) at the end of the school year shows two or more 5s or one 6, the student usually has to repeat the entire school year. Usually, a student can repeat a school year twice during their education before having to change the school track to a less challenging school. The Germans call the repetition of a school year’  sitzen bleiben ‘, which literally means to stay seated.

When attending a  Gymnasium , there is one exception. While 5th and 6th grade serve as an orientation phase of whether the Gymnasium is the right fit for the student. The 7th grade is the so-called trial year and can’t be repeated. If a student fails to pass this grade, they have to change tracks to  Realschule .

It is not uncommon that students, who received a 5 or 6 on a paper or exam during the school year, have to get the grade (which is written below the exam) signed by their parents to ensure that parents are aware of their child’s performance. In addition, schools send the so-called ‘ Blaue Briefe ‘ letters in a blue envelope at least ten weeks before the final  Zeugnis  to the parents of students at risk of needing to repeat the school year. 

In certain cases, it is also possible for especially bright and talented students to skip one grade. If teachers, the school’s direction, and parents agree, it is beneficial for the student. 

German school system facts

We have researched and collected some stats and facts regarding the German school system. Here it goes.

• Students typically start school at the age of six
• Students must attend school for at least 9-12 years
• 752 700 students  began elementary school in 2020
• 8.38 million students  attended general education schools in 2020
• 790.608 teachers  taught at general education schools in 2020
• Students start to learn English in 1st grade
• The  oldest school in Germany  was founded in 804
• 11% of all general education schools were private schools in 2019
• 29% of all 30-34 year olds  held an academic degree in 2017
• 32% of all people  above the age of 15 in 2017 had finished high school with an  Abitur
• 23% of all people  above the age of 15 in 2017 had finished high school with a  Realschulabschluss
• 30% of all people  above the age of 15 in 2017 had finished high school with a  Hauptschulabschluss

Final thoughts

The German education system is so complex and versatile to allow every student to match their abilities. Despite the lack of digitalization in most German schools,  Germany’s school system is quite good compared to other countries . Be aware, though, that you will hear lots of Germans complain about it.

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About the Author

Yvonne Koppen is a researcher and writer at Simple Germany, focusing on demystifying German bureaucracy for international skilled workers.

She has lived and worked abroad, which helps her understand how difficult a move to a new country can be. Beyond her professional pursuits, Yvonne loves to plan and go on road trips, puzzle, and do a triathlon here and there.

She is committed to creating accessible, empowering content through her writing and YouTube videos. Yvonne's passion for continuous learning and her ability to simplify complex topics make her an invaluable resource for expats seeking to navigate their new life in Germany.

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Your guide to studying in Germany

Topics on this page

Facts and figures, application, tips and tricks, step by step, universities and costs.

• Study in Germany

Can I study in Germany for free? Which is the best uni in Germany? How do I apply for a student visa? How can I study in Germany on a scholarship? In Germany are there uni courses in English? And what requirements do I have to meet? This is where you’ll find the answers to all these questions – and many more besides.

You can find out more about the German higher education landscape from the DAAD.

The DAAD has information about the various degree courses.

The DAAD provides an overview of degree courses with an international orientation.

The DAAD provides an overview of online degree courses.

You can use the DAAD’s database to check whether your qualification will be recognised.

The DAAD provides information about visa requirements.

The DAAD has information about studying and German language requirements.

The DAAD tells you about the costs of studying and living in Germany.

The DAAD provides an overview of its funding programmes.

The DAAD has information about the funding on offer from other organisations.

The DAAD tells you about the application process and prerequisites.

“Research in Germany” provides facts about doing a PhD.

“Research in Germany” explains the different paths.

“Research in Germany” provides information about finding a PhD place.

“Research in Germany” gives tips on applying.

“Research in Germany” lists the various funding opportunities.

The DAAD provides advice on studying in Germany.

“Research in Germany” provides advice on doing a PhD in Germany.

International alumni keep in touch via the “Alumniportal Deutschland”.

What to study in Germany?

Employers worldwide value German degrees. And there is a huge range of courses on offer: Germany boasts more than 420 higher education institutions with over 21,000 different study programmes. You want to do your Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Germany? There is a suitable programme for almost every project. Whether you want to study medicine, environmental engineering, robotics, agricultural sciencesor peace and conflict research, you will find the right course.

Studying abroad in Germany

Germany is considered an attractive study destination worldwide and is one of the most popular destinations for international students. Some 11 per cent of all students at German universities came from abroad in 2021. And there are plenty of reasons for that. Here are some facts and figures about studying in Germany.

Quick facts

Requirements to study in germany.

So how can I study in Germany? You need to fulfil certain requirements to apply to German universities and to study in Germany on undergraduate or doctoral programmes. What is more, applications differ greatly from those for a job, for instance. Your first port of call is the Akademisches Auslandsamt (AAA) of the university you wish to attend in Germany. At some universities it is called the International Office or International Center (IC). There advisers are on hand to provide comprehensive information on the application process: admission requirements, deadlines, application requirements, language courses and much more besides. Here you can find guides on studying or doing a doctorate in Germany.

Testimonials and helpful links

How well do I have to speak German, how do I find the right university? Here you will find answers, the most important websites and contact persons. In addition, foreign students tell you about their insider tips for studying in Germany.

Applying for a student visa in Germany

Tertiary education institutions in Germany

Germany has a total of 423 institutions of tertiary education, of which 120 are universities, 246 universities of applied sciences and 57 art academies. Most higher education institutions cooperate with several universities and institutes abroad.

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Eduserver - Education in Germany - German Education Server

The quick search option allows you to use the free text box and search across all relevant databases on the German Education Server. This works similar to Google: enter one or more search terms in the box (separated by blank spaces) and then click onto the magnifying glass to the right, or press ENTER. Please note you will be searching in English here.

Ariadne path:

Eduserver - education in germany.

Eduserver, the English language version of the German Education Server, provides access to documents and background information regarding the German education system and its international context. You can browse and search, subscribe to the English language RSS newsfeed , write to the editor , or check out “What’s new”. Dossiers are regularly offered.

New dossier

Health education and healthcare in germany.

Information about the German healthcare system for international users

Education, education, education

A selection of English language documents regarding the German education system and related aspects.

Educational initiative "GIMAGINE" for schools (Goethe-Institut in the UK)

An initiative targeting 14-18-year old students in the United Kingdom who are keen to learn German including a learning platform and competition.  

Educational initiative "GIMAGINE" for schools (Goethe-Institut in the UK) : Read more

Educational initiative "GIMAGINE" for schools (Goethe-Institut in the UK) Report a broken link

other interesting sites

Refugees from ukraine, the german education system: basic facts.

German education system: structure, funding

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School system & compulsory education

Germany is known worldwide for its education system. Here you can find out more about the German school system.

• Living in Germany
• Family life in Germany
• School system & compulsory education

Germany's school system

Once your children are six years old, they are required to go to school, since school attendance is compulsory in Germany. Most German schools are run by the state and there is no charge for your children to attend. In addition, there are private and international schools which charge fees.  

The individual states are responsible for education policy. This means that the school system will to some extent depend on the region where you and your family are living. Children do not always have the same curriculum in every state, and textbooks may differ as well. Individual states also have different types of schools. Generally, the German school system is structured as follows:  

Grundschule (primary school): Normally, six-year-olds begin their school careers at primary school, which covers the first four grades. Only in Berlin and Brandenburg does primary school continue up to sixth grade. At the end of primary school, you and your child's teachers will decide which secondary school your child will attend, considering your child's academic performance.

Weiterführende Schulen (secondary schools) – the most common types are:

• Hauptschule (secondary general school for grades 5 through 9 or 10)
• Realschule (more practical secondary school for grades 5 through 10)
• Gymnasium (more academic secondary school for grades 5 through 12 or 13)
• Gesamtschule (comprehensive school for grades 5 through 12 or 13)

Hauptschule and Realschule: Young people who have successfully completed the Hauptschule or Realschule are eligible for vocational training, or can transfer to the Sekundarstufe II/ Oberstufe  (≈ sixth form) at a Gymnasium or Gesamtschule . 

Gesamtschule: Combines the Hauptschule , Realschule and Gymnasium and offers an alternative to the tripartite school system. 

Gymnasium: At the end of the 12th or 13th grade, students take examinations known as the Abitur and if successful graduate from secondary school with a certificate of advanced secondary education, entitling them to study at a university or at a university of applied sciences . However, they may also choose to undergo vocational training and enter the job market directly.

Germany's education system

School enrolment of children and teenagers newly arrived from abroad

If your children are of school age when entering Germany, you will no doubt be wondering how they can be found a place in a school. This is decided by the school management in consultation with the local education authority. As a general rule, children who have recently entered the country are not able to attend regular school lessons and will be offered special trial lessons instead due to their lack of German skills. The goal is to integrate them as soon as possible into regular school classes.

How to recognise a good school

As a rule, you are free to decide which school your child should attend. It is therefore a good idea to take a look at a few schools. One sign of a good school is that it not only provides high-quality instruction, but also offers extracurricular activities such as theatre, sports, language and music clubs, and school trips. A good school also encourages parent involvement. In addition to finding out whether the school has a place for your child, you should also ask about extracurricular options. If your children are not yet fluent in German, make sure that the school offers German classes, usually referred to as Deutsch als Zweitsprache  (German as a foreign language). Here the teachers will make sure that your child understands the lessons and can keep up with the curriculum.

Video: Career and families in Germany

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An attractive school system

Information on the web.

• Association of German International Schools Federation of international schools in Germany
• Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Federal States (KMK) Germany’s school system
• German education server Search portal for schools
• PrivatschulBeratung Search for private schools and boarding schools

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Applying For a Master’s Degree in Germany

Master’s programs in Germany offer a diverse range of options, with many taught in English. They are known for their affordability, top-notch curricula, hands-on learning, and excellent career prospects. So, it’s no wonder that master’s degrees are the go-to choice for international students in Germany. During the 2021/2022 period, 42.6% of them (148,901 students) were enrolled in master’s programs.

But don’t let the application process hold you back – we’re here to guide you through the steps and set you on the path to success in Deutschland!

Here are the main steps to apply for a master’s degree in Germany:

Research and Choose a Master’s Program

Check admission requirements.

• Gather Documents and Meet All Requirements

Secure Funding

Submit your application, wait for the admission letter, get health insurance, apply for the german student visa.

When it comes to pursuing a master’s degree in Germany, the initial step is all about research and making an informed choice. Start by assessing your career goals and pinpoint the field of study that aligns with your aspirations. Look into the curriculum to ensure it covers the subjects that pique your interest.

Language matters too — many programs are available in English, but if you’re proficient in German, it opens up more options. When it comes to costs, most programs are quite affordable or even tuition-free, but be sure to check tuition fees just in case.

To aid your search, German study program databases and university websites offer detailed program information and application guidelines. Take your time to explore and find the program that’s the perfect fit for your educational journey.

Study at GISMA University of Applied Sciences

Be one step ahead with a globally recognised college in Germany!

> Check out our list of over 9,000 master’s study programs in Germany.

Once you’ve picked a couple of programs that pique your interest and align with your study goals, it’s time to check if you meet their admission requirements or can meet them by the application deadline.

While each program may have its unique requirements, let’s explore some of the most common admission criteria for master’s programs in Germany:

• Bachelor’s degree. You have graduated or will graduate from a program equivalent to a German bachelor’s degree, often in a related field to the master’s program you’re applying for.
• Transcripts and diplomas . Submit transcripts and copies of your academic diplomas from previous educational institutions.
• Subject-specific knowledge . Some programs may require you to have gained specific subject knowledge or credits during your prior education. Business schools and MBA programs may require a particular score from recognized tests, like GMAT or GRE.
• Language proficiency. Demonstrate proficiency in the language of instruction, which is typically English or German. Proof of language proficiency is often required through standardized tests like IELTS, TOEFL, TestDaF, or DSH.
• Curriculum vitae (CV) or resume . Provide a comprehensive CV or resume detailing your academic and professional background.
• Statement of purpose & letters of recommendation. Some universities may request a Statement of Purpose (SOP), which details your motivations and goals, along with one to two letters of recommendation from professors or professionals.

> Visit our full guide of admission requirements for master’s programs in Germany for more details.

Gather Documents and Ensure You Meet All Requirements

After reviewing admission requirements and selecting your program(s), it’s time to start gathering what you need for your application, including transcripts, motivation letter, etc.

This is also an ideal time to confirm that you meet your university’s language proficiency requirements. Depending on your program’s language (English or German), you may take a standardized language test or provide alternative proof. Consider language courses if improvement is needed.

According to the German government’s regulations, international students planning to study in Germany must demonstrate financial resources of at least €11,208 per year (equivalent to €934 per month) to qualify for a student visa and pursue a master’s degree in the country.

This financial requirement may seem daunting for many students, so it’s crucial to address this well in advance of the official application period at your preferred German university. You can meet this requirement in various ways:

• Having €11,208 deposited in a German blocked account .
• Your parents can provide documentation of their income and financial resources.
• Someone with permanent residence in Germany can guarantee to the Alien Registration Office that they will financially support you.
• Present a scholarship awarding certificate specifying the financial amount or coverage granted to you.

Important Tip: To Maximize Your Chances of Getting Your German Student Visa You Should Use a Blocked Account as Proof of Financial Resources.

A blocked account is a special type of bank account , to prove you have enough funds to live in Germany for one year.

As of 2022, as a foreigner in Germany you need a minimum of €934 euros per month for living expenses. So, you are required to have a total of €11,208 in your bank account before you apply for a German internship visa.

Click here to learn more about the German Blocked Account

Planning ahead is important before your preferred German university’s application deadline, as this amount may be substantial for most students. Usually, four to six months prior should provide enough time to save money and explore scholarship and loan options.

Now is the exciting time to send in your application! Most universities have their own application portals where you’ll need to create an account, or they might use uni-assist for handling applications.

Make sure to read and follow all the instructions on the master’s program website, and be sure to submit all the required documents. It’s crucial to respect the application deadlines; your application won’t be processed if you miss the deadline.

Once your application is submitted, the next step is simply waiting for the university’s decision. While you wait, you might want to brush up on your language skills or start looking into the specific visa and travel requirements for Germany. It’s also a good time to explore accommodation options.

The university will notify you via email about the status of your application, and if you’re accepted, they’ll include the next steps you should follow.

Health insurance is a must for all international students in Germany. You can kickstart this process after receiving your admission letter or once you arrive in Germany.

If your home country has an agreement with Germany, you can often use your current health insurance, typically with a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). In some cases, private health insurance from other countries may also be accepted.

Alternatively, you can choose to obtain insurance through a provider in Germany, with student packages usually priced around €120 per month, depending on your age and the provider.

Most international students in Germany prefer to get health insured with DR-WALTER .

EDUCARE24 by DR-WALTER is suitable for the following groups of people:

• Foreign exchange students, language students and students participating in university preparatory courses (Studienkolleg)
• University students
• Participants in exchange programmes (e.g. ERASMUS, DAAD, SOKRATES)
• Accompanying family members

Still have questions about health insurance?  Learn more about health insurance in Germany from experts.

Get DR-WALTER insurance online within a few minutes

With a few exceptions, the majority of international students planning to study in Germany require a student visa. Our German student visa guide covers everything you need to know about this process, from requirements to the application process, fees, and more.

To kickstart the process, set up a visa interview at the German Embassy or Consulate in your home country, ideally about three months before your planned start of studies.

During the interview, provide all the required documents like proof of admission, language proficiency, financial means, and health insurance. Be ready for potential requests for more documents during the interview, and make sure your passport stays valid for your entire stay.

Arrive in Germany and Attend Orientation

Once your German student visa is sorted, it’s time to get on that plane and arrive in Germany. After settling in, make use of the pre-semester orientation sessions at German universities. Some things addressed through the orientation or to over on your own include:

• You’ll complete the enrollment process , which involves registering for your courses, receiving your class schedule, and learning about academic requirements.
• Getting your student ID . You’ll be issued a student identification card, often referred to as a “Studierendenausweis” in German.
• Residence registration. Once you’re in Germany, you will have to register your residence. This is a mandatory process that involves obtaining a “Meldebescheinigung” from the Resident’s Registration Office (Einwohnermeldeamt).
• Opening a local bank account. Orientation often provides guidance on opening a bank account in Germany.
• Campus tour. You’ll explore the campus to discover its facilities, libraries, and labs.
• Language courses. Some universities offer language courses or resources to help international students improve their German language skills if necessary.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) & Additional Information

Below, you’ll find answers to common questions and additional information to support you on your path to pursuing a master’s degree in Germany:

Which Universities Offer Master’s Degree Programs in Germany?

The higher education system in Germany includes public universities, funded and regulated by the state, and private universities established by independent entities.

While private universities may have higher fees, they are valuable for specialized courses not available at public institutions. Public universities in Germany have their own degree programs, assessments, and entry requirements, with state oversight to ensure the quality and accreditation of courses.

Germany has four main types of higher education institutions that offer master’s degree programs:

• Research Universities. These publicly administered institutions offer Master’s and PhD programs, focusing on various academic disciplines.
• Technical Universities. A subgroup of research universities, they specialize in science, technology, and engineering fields.
• Universities of Applied Sciences. These institutions concentrate on engineering, business, and social sciences, often partnering with professional organizations.
• Colleges of Art, Film, and Music. These institutions provide instruction in creative fields and can be part of research universities or universities of applied sciences.

What Are the Types of Master’s Degrees in Germany?

In Germany, you can pursue various types of Master’s degrees. Some of the most common include:

• Master of Arts (MA). Awarded in humanities, social sciences, and arts-related fields.
• Master of Science (MSc) . Awarded in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines.
• Master of Business Administration (MBA). Focuses on management and business administration topics.
• Master of Education (M.Ed.). For degrees for high school teacher positions.

What Are Consecutive and Non-consecutive Master’s Degrees?

Consecutive master’s Degrees in Germany follow a logical progression from a related bachelor’s degree and build upon the same academic field. They provide in-depth knowledge and specialization within the same subject area.

Non-consecutive master’s Degrees, on the other hand, don’t necessarily need a bachelor’s degree in the same field. Students with diverse academic backgrounds can go for non-consecutive master’s programs, which often focus on broader skills and interdisciplinary knowledge. These programs may include extra coursework to bridge any knowledge gaps.

How Long Is a Master’s Degree in Germany?

A master’s degree in Germany typically lasts for one to two years, depending on the specific program and the number of semesters required. Each academic year consists of two semesters, and the program may also include a final project or dissertation conducted in collaboration with a mentor.

How Many ECTS Credits Is a German Master’s Degree Worth?

Master’s programs in Germany typically consist of 120 ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) credits. However, the exact number of credits may vary depending on the university and the specific program.

What is Numerus Clausus?

Numerus Clausus (NC) in German master’s programs is a restricted admission system where limited spots are available, and selection is based on factors like academic performance and qualifications. It controls program capacity to prevent overcrowding. Applicants compete for admission based on their qualifications, and requirements vary by program.

When Are Application Deadlines for Master’s Degrees in Germany?

There are two semesters in German universities; the winter semester and the summer semester. Application deadlines for master’s programs vary depending on the university, however, the most common dates are:

• For courses starting on the winter semester: July 15th
• For courses starting on the summer semester: January 15th

Can I Apply for a Master’s in Germany Before I Get My Undergraduate Degree?

Yes, it’s common for students to apply during the final year of their bachelor’s degree. However, you must provide proof of your current academic progress and an expected graduation date as part of your application.

What Are the Language Requirements for Master’s Degrees in Germany?

If your courses are in German, you’ll need to prove your proficiency through tests like TestDaf or DSH. A lower level of proficiency may be accepted if you continue taking language courses upon arriving in Germany or during the early stages of your Master’s program. However, language requirements for master’s programs in Germany can vary depending on the university and program

If you choose English-taught programs, no German language tests are required. Non-native English speakers may need to take English language tests like TOEFL, IELTS, and PTE. If you’ve completed your undergraduate studies in English, you typically won’t need English language tests.

To discover programs in your preferred language, explore our tool and select the program language from the options on the left.

How Much Does a Master’s Degree Cost in Germany?

In most public universities in Germany, semester fees for master’s programs typically range from €100 to €350 per semester, with some exceptions. Some specialized graduate programs may have tuition fees, and the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria may charge tuition fees for non-EU international students.

Private universities set their own tuition fees, and the cost of master’s degrees can vary significantly, especially for programs like MBAs. At private universities in Germany, tuition fees can range from approximately €5,000 to €20,000 per year or more, depending on the institution and program.

To find out more about the costs of studying in Germany, visit our extensive guide .

Can I Work While Studying for a Master’s Degree in Germany?

Yes, students of all nationalities can work while studying for a master’s degree in Germany.

• EU, EEA, Swiss, and Norwegian students can work up to 20 hours per week. They can exceed this number, however they will have to pay social security contributions.
• Non-EU students can work up to 120 full days or 240 half days per year, but they face restrictions on self-employment and freelancing.
• Academic assistants have no limitations on workdays but are required to inform the foreigners’ office.

> Read more about working while studying in Germany .

What Is the Master’s Thesis Process Like in Germany?

In your final year of a master’s program in Germany, you’ll work on your thesis project, guided by a professor. The goal is to showcase your ability to tackle a subject-related issue independently using research methods.

You can usually write your thesis in German or English and may even complete it externally, like at a company or another research institute. Universities often set page limits, usually between 50 to 100 pages, and impose deadlines, typically around six months from the project start.

The thesis defense involves submitting your work and presenting your research methods and findings.

Study Visa Requirements for a Master’s Degree in Germany

Make sure you collect on time all the documents you typically need in order to apply for a German Student Visa .

For detailed information about Germany Visa requirements, go to  www.germany-visa.org/student-visa/

What Are the Career Prospects With a German Master’s Degree?

With a German master’s degree, you’ll have excellent career prospects, especially in STEM fields . EU/EEA graduates can work immediately after graduation, while non-EU/EEA graduates can extend their residence permits for up to 18 months to find field-related jobs.

You can also pursue academic careers, and highly skilled non-EU graduates can apply for an EU Blue Card to work and stay in Germany. Plus, your German degree is globally recognized, offering international career opportunities in multinational companies and organizations.

Join 262,114 students interested in studying in Germany

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How to Calculate your Points for the Opportunity Card

• Four points are given for partial recognition of foreign professional qualifications or permission to practice regulated professions such as teaching or engineering.
• Three points are awarded for five years of professional experience within the last seven years or good German language skills at B2 level.
• Two points are given for two years of professional experience following vocational training, or if the applicant is under 35 years old, and for German language skills at B1 level.
• One point is allocated for applicants under 40 years old or those with previous stays in Germany, excluding tourist visits.
• Additional points are available for very good English skills (C1), reasonable German skills (A2), qualifications in shortage occupations, or joint applications with a spouses

Key Benefits of the Opportunity Card

• Easy Entry: Simplified process to enter Germany.
• 12-Month Stay: One-year residency with the possibility of a permanent permit.
• Earning Potential: Over 1000 euros monthly income possible.
• Work Flexibility: Permit for up to 20 hours of work per week.
• Job Search Opportunity: Time to find a qualified part-time or full-time job.

Why Employers Prefer the Opportunity Card

• Expanded Applicant Pool: Access to qualified foreign professionals .
• Simplified Entry: No Federal Employment Agency approval needed.
• Fast-Track Hiring: Quick and easy entry procedures.
• Pre-Entry Contracts: Ability to secure part-time job contracts before the applicant's arrival.

Applying for the Opportunity Card

Schengen visas get costlier by 12% after European Union hikes fee

Proof of Previous Stay in Germany

Language tests you can use to apply for the opportunity card, german tests.

• Consists of four areas: Listening, reading, speaking and writing
• Includes six levels (like all German tests)
• Free online placement test
• A1 (understand simple German sentences)
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• German tests at Goethe-Institut
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• (A1 – A2 for language beginners, B1 – B2 for advanced knowledge, C1 – C2 as final levels)
• Exams available after each level
• Costs around 100 – 300 euros

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• German language skills tested at competence levels B2 – C1
• Offered in over 1000 test centres worldwide
• Tests reading comprehension, listening comprehension, written expression, oral expression
• Available digitally
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• Developed for foreign students
• Exams twice a year at special DSD schools worldwide
• Two diplomas available: DSD1, DSD2
• Reading comprehension, listening comprehension, written expression, oral expression
• Free of charge
• Suitable for candidates at language levels A2, B1, B2, C1

English tests

• Online at special test centres
• Duration around 4 hours
• Reading comprehension, listening comprehension, speaking (conversation) and written expression (essay)
• Costs around 200 euros
• British English as well as American English tests
• Duration around three hours
• Two variants: General (for expatriates and people who want to stay abroad for a longer period of time) and academic (for students who want to apply to a foreign university)
• Listening (comprehension), reading (comprehension), writing (phrasing), speaking (conversation)
• Costs around 226 euros
• Provided by the British Council , available in 17 cities in Germany
• You must first choose your language level and then pass the test
• Various categories:
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• Duration around 3-4 hours
• Consists of reading and use (text and reading comprehension), writing (formal language), listening (comprehension), speaking (conversation)
• Offered by Cambridge University at 2700 test centres worldwide.

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• List of Universities

2734 Study programs

Study Pedagogy & Educational Sciences in Germany: 19 Universities with 19 English Degree Programs

All important info for international students in germany (2024/2025).

Master’s programs in Pedagogy/Educational Science in Germany focus on the research of educational institutions, the governance of education, educational practices, and psychological insights into the process of learning. Note that the programs in Educational Science or Pedagogy do not qualify students to become state-accredited teachers in Germany, but some of them focus on aspects of social work.

Some programs focus more heavily on research and the scientific and theoretical exploration of issues related to education, learning, and teaching. Other programs also have the goal to prepare their students for professional field work, for example in children’s rights, social work or Waldorf pedagogy. Some programs are very interdisciplinary and combine the field of education with subjects such as Medicine, Sports, Engineering, and Computer Science.

Therefore, students looking to study this subject in Germany can profit from diverse and cutting-edge programs. Take some time to explore the English-language programs in Pedagogy and Educational Science listed in our Study Finder.

Study Programs in English

Universities

Universities in International Rankings

€ 0 (9 programs for EU citizens, 8 programs for Non-EU citizens)

€ 6,900 per semester (1 program for EU citizens/Non-EU)

Winter Semester

between June 15 and May 03

Summer Semester

between and

Top-ranked German Universities in Pedagogy & Educational Sciences

public University

No. of Students: approx. 51,000 students

Program Fees: € 0 (per semester)

public Technical University

No. of Students: approx. 53,000 students

Program Fees: € 0 - € 4,000 (per semester)

No. of Students: approx. 20,000 students

Program Fees: € 1,700 (per semester)

Tuition Fees

3 english degree programs for pedagogy & educational sciences in germany.

Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg Sankt Augustin / Rheinbach

Corporate social responsibility & non-governmental organisations management (mba).

Friedensau Adventist University Möckern

International social work (isw).

Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum

Sport and excercise sciences for health and performance.

Application Deadlines

Winter Semester 2024/2025

Summer Semester 2025

Winter Semester 2025/2026

Open Programs

16 programs

Application Requirements

When you apply to a Master’s program in Germany, universities will usually expect you to have an academic degree in a related discipline. For Pedagogy/Educational Science, first degrees from academic fields such as Education, Pedagogy, Psychology, or Sociology are often accepted. For the more practically oriented courses, a degree in Social Work may be required. Note that some of the interdisciplinary programs are open to students of more diverse academic backgrounds. For example, some programs may only be open to engineers, computer scientists, dentists, or students of natural sciences. Usually, application tests or interviews are not part of the admission process, students must simply submit required documents. In addition to standard certificates (e.g. first degree certificate, a transcript of records, a language certificate), a CV and a letter of motivation are typically required. Some programs also require you to have prior coursework in scientific research methods. Programs may also ask their applicants for professional experiences.

Application Modes

Application process.

Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Würzburg

Double degree in management of educational services, adult and continuing education.

Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences Berlin Berlin

Social work as a human rights profession.

Hochschule Fresenius - University of Applied Sciences Berlin

Philosophy, politics and economics.

TOEFL Scores

Cambridge Levels

5 (1 program )

61 (1 program )

B2 First (FCE) (5 programs )

7 (1 program )

92 (2 programs )

C2 Proficiency (CPE) (2 programs )

Fachhochschule Erfurt Erfurt

International social work.

Saarland University Saarbrücken

Educational technology.

Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt (THWS) Würzburg

International social work with refugees and migrants.

3-6 semesters

→ View all programs with online courses

Master of Arts

Master of Education

Master of Science

Master of Administrative Sciences

Bachelor of Arts

Winter intake

Summer intake

Winter & Summer intake

List of all German Universities offering English-taught Study Programs in Pedagogy & Educational Sciences

Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences

Program Fees: € 1,506

M.Ed. (Master of Education)

Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences Berlin

Program Fees: € 1,250 - € 2,640

M.A. (Master of Arts)

FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg

Program Fees: € 0

Freie Hochschule Stuttgart - Seminar für Waldorfpädagogik

Program Fees: € 5,333

Hochschule Fresenius - University of Applied Sciences

B.A. (Bachelor of Arts)

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