oral communication quarter 2 principles of speech delivery

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Oral Communication in Context: Quarter 2 - Module 3: Principles of Effective Speech Writing and Delivery

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in Context Quarter 2 – Module 3:Principles of Effective Speech Writing and Delivery Oral Communication in Context in ContextAlternative Delivery ModeQuarter 2 – Module 3: Principles of Effective Speech Writing and DeliveryFirst Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work ofthe Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency oroffice wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment ofroyalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from theirrespective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownershipover them.

Published by the Department of EducationSecretary: Leonor Magtolis BrionesUndersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Magnon Dionell D. Domingo, Feric C. Robis, Ethel B. Dasig, Bernadette C. Royo, Jessica S. Solpico, Kyla P. Suba, Kristine Anne V. Liboon Editors: Rizza A. Pereyra, Marites M. Aguilar Reviewers: Bernadette M. Songalia, Gilbert C. Alva, Jhonathan S. Cadavido, Erma S. Valenzuela, Laila R. Maloles

Illustrator: Mark Razul G. Leal, Joseph O. Ocfemia Layout Artist: Gilbert G. Manaois Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Regional Director Job S. Zape Jr., CLMD Chief Marites A. Ibañez, Schools Division Superintendent Daisy Z. Miranda, Schools Division Superintendent Egardo B. Militante, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Buddy Chester M. Repia, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Orlando T. Valverde, CID Chief Vincent Emmanuel L. Ilagan, CID Chief Godofredo C. Mercado, EPS In-charge of LRMS Henry P. Contemplacion, EPS In-charge of LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487E-mail Address: [email protected]

Oral Communication in Context Quarter 2 – Module 3: Principles of Effective Speech Writing and Delivery Introductory MessageFor the facilitator:Welcome to Oral Communication in Context 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)Module on the Principles of Effective Speech Writing and Delivery!This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educatorsboth from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator inhelping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum whileovercoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independentlearning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to helplearners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration theirneeds and circumstances.In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body ofthe module:

Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to managetheir own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist thelearners as they do the tasks included in the module.

iiFor the learner:Welcome to Oral Communication in Context11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)Module on the Principles of Effective Speech Writing and Delivery!The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used todepict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create andaccomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as alearner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevantcompetencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies inyour own hands!This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities forguided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled toprocess the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as through a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in, to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

iii Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the directions carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to helpyou master the Principles of Effective Speech Writing and Delivery. The scope ofthis module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. Thelanguage used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons arearranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which youread them can be changed to correspond with your needs.The module consists of two (2) lessons namely: ∙ Lesson 1: Principles of Effective Speech Writing ∙ Lesson 2: Principles of Speech Delivery

After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. discuss the principles of effective speech writing; 2. analyze the importance of Audience Profile, Logical Organization, Duration, Word Choice and Grammatical correctness) in writing a speech; 3. compose a speech applying the principles of effective speech writing and delivery; 4. identify the principles of effective speech delivery; and 5. demonstrate effective speech delivery. 1

What I KnowDirections: Read each item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds toyour answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.1. Which is NOT a reason for doing audience profiling? A. It will help the speaker limit the content. B. It will help the speaker make an impressive speech. C. It will help the speaker identify the language to be used during the delivery. D. It will help the speaker discover information in order to connect with the audience.2. What function of a good introduction is evident when a speaker tells a joke or an anecdote or a powerful statement? A. establish credibility C. preview main idea B. gain audience attention D. state the purpose of the speech3. What function of introduction is used when a speaker shows the audience that he is reliable and trustworthy to discuss the topic? A. establish credibility C. preview main idea B. gain audience attention D. state the purpose of the speech4. What term denotes the smooth transition of one sentence to another or one paragraph to another? A. duration C. logical organization B. grammatical correctness D. word choice5. Which part of the speech provides summary of the main points of the speech? A. body C. introduction B. conclusion D. thesis statement6. Which part of the speech reveals the goal of the speech? A. body C. introduction B. conclusion D. thesis statement7. Which part of the speech uses definitions, concrete examples and testimonies? A. body C. introduction B. conclusion D. thesis statement

28. Which statement is NOT true about the body of the speech? A. The most common number of key points is five. B. The body of the speech is the core part of the speech. C. If you have a long point in your speech, you will need to break that point into multiple points. D. If you have only one point in your speech, it will either be too short, or too complicated for the audience to understand.

9. Which is NOT true about doing the conclusion? A. Present a summary B. Repeat the key ideas presented C. Provide key points of discussion D. Signal the end of your speech10.What method of speech organization presents comparison and contrast of two or three points? A. Chronological Order C. Comparison and Contrast order B. Spatial Order D. Problem-Solution Order11.What method of speech organization involves a discussion of both the cause and effect of an issue? A. Causal Order C. Spatial Order B. Comparison and Contrast D. Chronological Order12.What method of speech organization is like going from one place to another, or from one direction to another? A. Spatial Order C. Chronological Order B. Causal Order D. Categorical Order 13. What method of speech organization presents the idea in time order? A. Causal Order C. Categorical Order B. Chronological Order D. Spatial Order 14. Which group shows appropriate use of words? I. Focus on the age-group of the audience so you can adjust. II. Avoid redundancies, awkward, vague and unclear word. III. Choose impressive words to be reliable. IV. Do not use the word only because others are using it. V. Replace general words with more specific ones. VI. Use jargon and slang. A. I, II, III B. IV, V, VI C. I, II, V D. III, IV, VI 15. Which pair can help a writer ensure that words are used correctly? I. almanac IV. dictionary II. thesaurus V. journal III. bibliography VI. encyclopedia A. I and III B. II and IV C. III and V D. IV and VI

3 Lesso Principles of n 1 Effective Speech Writing How do you think one should prepare for his or her speech? What will youconsider in selecting the topic for your speech? In this section, you will learntechniques and methods on how to make your own speech. We are going to lookclosely at how you can write a speech masterpiece, starting with how you shouldanalyze your target audience up to refining your speech as to logical organization,word choice and grammatical correctness.

What’s In In the previous module, you discovered how a shift in speech context, speechstyle, speech act and communicative strategy affect the language form, duration ofinteraction, relationship with the speaker and the roles and responsibility of thespeaker, content of message and delivery. Your previous activities let you explore the importance of the speech invariety of occasions and settings. This time, you will discover the complexities ofspeech communication in formal writing through writing a speech. Note to the Teacher This module comprises two (2) lessons with series of self-paced activities that will help your student achieve the objectives of this lesson. As the subject teacher, your guidance and support are very important to help your student finish the entire lesson. Happy Teaching!

What’s New In this lesson, we will use what you have learned in the previous module in amore formal context. You will start to compose your formal speech, but before that,answer this given activity by writing TRUE if you think the statement is correct. Ifnot, write FALSE.___________1. I should consider my audience’s age, interest and gender when writing my speech.___________2. I should use impressive words so that my audience will beamazed. ___________3. I should research on what my audience know about thetopic. ___________4. I should use jargon in my speech to make it more reliable.___________5. I should use varied methods to make my topic more organized.___________6. I should never consider the length of my speech.___________7. I should consider my audience’s attention span in writing my speech.___________8. I should use catchy starter to get my audience’s attention.___________9. I should edit my work only because of grammatical errors.__________10. I should never ask someone to proofread or comment on my speech. What is It A good speech requires days or even weeks of preparation depending on thetopic and the availability of materials needed. While many are expert enough tocompose their speech a night before they deliver it, seldom that it became verysuccessful for a beginner writer. For this reason, careful planning is important tocome up with a well-written speech. When planning for writing your speech, you should consider the followingprinciples:

51. Audience Profile Knowing your audience specifically their general age, gender, educationallevel, religion, language, culture and group membership is one of the mostimportant aspects in developing your speech. Basically, this is done so that you cantailor-fit your speech content and delivery to your audience. Analyzing your audience will help you discover the information you can useto build a connection between you and members of your audience.

✔ Who is the

audience? ✔ How many? ✔ What does the audience know about the subject? ✔ Why should they be interested?

Use the following table to analyze your target audience. Audience Analysis Age Bracket Gender Educational Background Place of Residence (city, town, province) Marital Status Language spoken Religious Affiliations/Beliefs

2. Logical Organization Once you have already analyzed your target audience, the next part is toorganize your speech manuscript. The logical organization or arrangement ofthoughts when it comes to speech writing can be defined as all aspects of yourwriting that help the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the next, and fromone paragraph to another. Thus, carefully planning the content of your speech isalso necessary. The written speech has three parts: the introduction, body and conclusion.The role of introduction and conclusion is mostly similar in many speeches, that is,the introduction presents the main idea of your speech, while the conclusionreiterates the main idea. The body offers definitions, examples, or any informationthat can help you convey your intent and clarify the main concept of your speech.

6 The Introduction The introduction is the most crucial part of the speech. It is generally only 10 to 15 percent of the time the speaker spends speaking. According to Wrench (2012), a good introduction serves five functions: (1) you should be able to gain audience attention and interest, (2), it states the purpose of your speech, (3) it establishes your credibility, (4) it should provide reasons for your audience to listen and (5) your introduction should preview the main idea of your speech. The Body The body of the speech is the core part of the speech that addresses the main ideas and principles of the speech. It consists of the main points. This is presented using methods of organization (Flores 2016). 1. Problem-Solution Order- It explains the problem and suggests a possible solution. Example: Cleaning up Laguna de Bay

2. Categorical/Topical Order- It divides the topic into subtopics based on the importance or interest value or simply because the topic requires it. Example: Importance of promoting the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle program

3. Chronological Order - A historical or time approach which is from the past to the present. It presents idea in time order. Example: The significant development of the province of Laguna from Spanish period to present.

4. Comparison and Contrast Order- It presents comparison and contrast of two or three points. Example: Comparison between living in the city and life in the province.

5. Spatial/Geographical Order- Going from one place to another, from one direction to another Example: Traveling around the wonders of Batanes islands To achieve logical organization, transitional devices may be used to

6. Causal Order- It involves a discussion of both cause and effect of an issue. Example: The Fish Kill in Laguna de Bay

7 Make sure that you move smoothly from one paragraph to another.Transitional words are used to connect words, phrases or sentences. Theyhelp the reader to move from one idea to the next to build coherentrelationships within the text. Study the following table showing examples of different transitionalwords and their functions. Function Examples Addition Again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, moreoverComparison Also, in the same way, likewise, similarly Contrast Although, yet, but, despite that even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on one hand-on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though Emphasis certainly, indeed, in fact, of course Example as an illustration, for example, for instance, namely, or specifically, that is, to illustrate Illustratio n Summary all in all, altogether, as has been said, finally, in brief, in or conclusion, in short, in simpler terms, in summary, on Conclusio the whole, to summarize n Time after a while, afterward, again, and then, as long as, at last, Sequence at length, at that time, before, earlier, eventually, finally, first, formerly, in the past, last, lately, meanwhile, next, now, presently, second, shortly, simultaneously, since, so far, soon, still, subsequently, then, thereafter, until, until now, when

Adapted from: The Transitional Devices Table. https://kielikompassi.jyu.fi/kookit06/corpus/micase/transitionaldevicetable.html

The Conclusion After writing the body of your speech following the methods of organization, the last thing that you need to work on is how to end it. The conclusion functions as the summarizer of the entire speech. The conclusion has to be written using different strategies (Tandoc, 2016). ❖ Present a summary ❖ Repeat the key ideas presented ❖ Repeat the central idea for emphasis ❖ Go back to the strategy used in the introduction ❖ Signal the end of your speech ❖ End with an impact ∙ Thought-provoking questions ∙ Humor ∙ Quotation ∙ A call for action ∙ A connection to a larger context

8 3. Duration No matter how long the speech is, always divide it into five parts: anintroduction, the body (paragraph 2, paragraph 3, and paragraph 4) and aconclusion. This format is adaptable to a speech of almost any length. By doingthis, you can actually monitor the time and length of your speech or the so-calledDuration. Most experts say that the ideal length of speech is up to 20 minutes.(Gray Grant, 2017).

Introduction: 2 minutes (250 words)Body: Point 1: 5 minutes (625 words) Point 2: 5 minutes (625 words) Point 3: 5 minutes (625 words)Conclusion: 3 minutes (375 words)Total word count: 2,500 words (20minutes) 4. Word Choice There are a lot of vocabularies available to describe one's idea. However, thespeaker should carefully use the correct word in writing the speech. The use ofconversational language helps put the audience feel at ease and creates a specialbond between the speaker and the audience. However, there are things that youshould consider in choosing your words. The following words should be avoided in a written speech. (Tandoc, 2016) a. Jargons or technical terms specific only for a group of people b. Redundancy or excessive repetition of words c. Language inappropriate for the audience d. Language inappropriate for the occasion Jargons are specific words or phrases used by a certain individual or group which are difficult for others to understand. For example, the word idiopathic (which means unknown cause) and hyperventilate (rapid breathing) are jargons because they are technical terms in medical fields. The word affidavit (sworn) and circumstantial (specific details) are heard commonly in legal aspect or terms in in the field of Law. These words can be confusing if you are speaking in front of a general crowd or audience.5. Grammatical Correctness Using correct grammar when you give a speech is important to preventmisunderstanding and misinterpretation between you and the audience. Goodcommand of the language helps listeners understand you quickly. Grammarinconsistencies slow down the communication process and generate negativeimpressions for the audience, as your ideas and thoughts are not clear andcoherently conveyed. 9

What’s MoreIdentification: Directions: Identify the terms being referred to in the followingstatements. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper._______________ 1. It is one of the most important aspects in developing your speech because you can tailor-fit your speech content and delivery to your listeners._______________ 2. In speech writing, it can be defined as all aspects of your writing that help the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the next, and from one paragraph to another._______________ 3. It is the core part of the speech that offers definitions, examples, or any information that can help you convey your intent and clarify the main concept of your speech. _______________ 4. Its first major aim is to gain the attention of your audience and to make them interested in what you have to say._______________ 5. It functions as the summarizer of the entire speech content. _______________ 6. When dealing with speech duration, the average length of speech according to many experts is around____ minutes._______________ 7. These terms should be avoided in writing a speech because these are intended only for a specific group of people and can never be understood by the general audience.______________ 8. It is a method in organizing a speech which presents idea in time order. _______________ 9. It is a method in organizing a speech which divides the topic into subtopics based on the importance or interest value._______________ 10. It is important to prevent misunderstandings and inconsistencies between you and the audience. Good command of the language helps listeners understand you quickly.

What I Have Learned Answer the given questions in a separate sheet of paper. 1. Why is it important to analyze the audience profile before writing a speech? 2. If you are going to write a speech about the advantage of Home Schooling and the utilization of Social Media platforms in the learning continuity of students

10 like you, what are the possible points that you will tackle in the body of your speech? Give at least three (3) main points.

3. What do you think will possibly happen if the speaker unconsciously put some jargons and technical terms in his or her speech or committed grammatical errors or inconsistencies while writing his/her speech?

What I Can Do Given the situations below, write a speech considering all the different principles of effective speech writing. It should have at least between 800 to 1,500 words. Please be guided by the rubric provided in the next page. (use separate sheet of paper in writing your speech)

Situation no. 1. You won as President in the Supreme Student Government Election 2020. Situation no. 2. Your DRRM teacher asked you to deliver a speech on how and what to prepare during pandemic.

Refer to this rubric in scoring What I can Do Criteria 5pts 4pts 3pts 2pts 1. Logical The logical The logical The logical The logical Organization arrangement arrangement arrangemen arrangemen of thoughts of thoughts t of t of is is thoughts is thoughts is highly moderately slightly not acceptable. acceptable. acceptable. acceptable. 2. Word Choice Word choice Word choice is Word choice Word choice is highly moderately is slightly is not appropriate appropriate to appropriate appropriate to the the speech to the to the speech content and speech speech content and target content and content and target audience. audience. target target audience. audience. 3. Speech is Speech Speech Speech Grammatical free from contains contains contains lots Correctness grammatical minimal few of errors. grammatical grammatic grammatical errors. al errors. errors.

AssessmentMULTIPLE CHOICEDirections: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on aseparate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following components of speech writing requires you to look into the profile of your target audience? A. Audience Analysis C. Data Gathering B. Audience Evaluation D. Selecting a topic 2. Which of the following components of speech writing refers to all the aspects of your writing that help the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the next, and from one paragraph to another? A. Audience Analysis C. Logical Organization B. Data Gathering D. Sentence Construction 3. Which of the following is NOT part of the five functions of good introduction? A. Establish Credibility B. Gain Audience Attention and Interest C. Narrow down a topic D. State the Purpose of your Speech4. Which of the following is NOT part of the common strategies in making conclusion? A. Present a summary. B. Signal to end your speech C. Repeat central idea for emphasis D. Add another points to discuss.5. Which of the following parts of your speech provides a definition, examples, or any details that can help you deliver the purpose and the main idea of your speech? A. Introduction C. Conclusion B. Body of the Speech D. Thesis statement6. Which among the following question is NOT part of audience analysis? A. Who is the audience? B. What does the audience know about the subject? C. Why should they be interested? D. What is their health status?

7. Which statement is NOT true about the body of the speech? A. The most common number of key points is five. B. The body of the speech is the core part of the speech. 12 C. If you have a long point in your speech, you will need to break that point into multiple points. D. If you have only one point in your speech, it will either be too short, or too complicated for the audience to understand.8. Which of the following provides the correct logical arrangement of a speech? I. Body II. Conclusion III. Introduction IV. Ending A. I, II, III and IV C. III, I, and II B. IV, III, II and I D. I, II and III 9. Which of the following methods of speech organization refers to historical or time approach (from past to the present) that presents ideas in time order? A. Casual Oder C. Comparison and Contrast B. Chronological Order D. Spatial/Geographical Order

10.Which of the following methods of speech organization involves a discussion of both cause and effect of an issue? A. Casual Oder C. Comparison and Contrast B. Chronological Order D. Spatial/Geographical Order

11.Which of the following methods of speech divides the topic into subtopics based on the importance or interest value or simply because the topic requires it? A. Categorical/ Topical Oder C. Comparison and Contrast B. Chronological Order D. Spatial/Geographical Order

12.Which of the following methods of speech requires the speaker to go from one place to another, from one direction to another? A. Categorical/ Topical Oder C. Comparison and Contrast B. Chronological Order D. Spatial/Geographical Order 13.Which of the following are transitional words for contradiction? A. Moreover B. However C. Furthermore D. Again 14. Which of the following should be avoided in a written speech? A. Jargons or technical terms specific only for a group of people B. Redundancy or excessive repetition of words C. Language inappropriate for the audience D. All of the above 15.Which of the following statements is NOT true about speech writing? A. Speech writing is a recursive process. B. Speech writing involves audience analysis. C. Speech writing should take into consideration grammatical correctness. D. Speech writing can be done without considering the time of delivery.

Additional Activities Using one of your final outputs on the “What I Can Do” activity, analyze theprocess and content of your speech by answering the questions given below. Useseparate sheet to answer this activity Questions 1. What are the things you consider in writing your own speech?

2. Can you consider your speech effective? Why or Why not?

3. Does the content of your speech follow the different principles in speech writing? How?

4. Did the principles of speech writing help you in producing an effective one? How? 5. Upon evaluating the totality of your speech, do you think there are still parts to be improved? What will you do to improve it?

14 Organization D 12. Logical 2. A 11. Audience Profile 1. A 10. B 9. Answer What’s More C 8. A 7.Key D 6. B 5. D 4. C 3. C 2. A 1. Assessment

True 10. False 9. True 8. True 7. False 6. B 15. True 5. C 14. False 4. B 13. True 3. A 12. False 2. A 11.Correctness True 1. C 10. C 9.Grammatical 10.Order New What's A 8.Categorical/Topical 9. A 7.Order C 6.Chronological 8. B 5.Technical Terms C 4.Jargons and 7. A 3.20 6. B 2.Conclusion 5. D 15. B 1.Introduction 4. D 14.Body 3. B 13. What I Know 15

What I KnowDirections: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on aseparate sheet of paper. 1. Professor Lois often focuses on the clarity of his words, pronunciation, and message or __________to effectively teach his students. A. articulation C. stage presence B. modulation D. rapport 2. As a comedian, Kiko observes __________ as he adjusts the volume and pitch of his voice in order to effectively crack his jokes in front of the audience. A. facial expression C. stage presence B. rapport D. modulation 3. Marie, who is a public speaking trainer, always reminds her student to develop __________ by dressing appropriately and observing good posture. A. modulation C. rapport B. stage presence D. facial expression 4. The President often accompanies his speech with body movements which is also known as __________ to better deliver his message to the television viewers. A. facial expression C. stage presence B. rapport D. gesture 5. Luis Manzano demonstrates good connection or __________ with the audience members of his top-rated game show. A. gesture C. articulation B. rapport D. modulation 6. Adjusting your volume to the size of the audience and the venue is part of enhancing __________. A. facial expression C. stage presence B. modulation D. gesture 7. Avoiding fillers or expressions that substitute actual words (“like,” “um,” “ah,” “uh,” and “er”) in your speech is part of good __________. A. rapport C. articulation B. gesture D. modulation 8. Swaying back and forth, leaning on the podium, biting your lips, playing with your wristwatch or jewelry, scratching parts of your body, and others are examples of mannerism or inappropriate __________. A. articulation C. gesture B. rapport D. facial expression 9. Looking at your audience in the eye and giving a pleasant smile are few ways to establish your __________. A. modulation C. gesture B. stage presence D. rapport 16 10.Employing pauses to emphasize important words and enunciating words correctly are manifestations that you have developed your __________. A. facial expression C. rapport B. articulation D. modulation 11.Jacob will be presenting his research before the panel of experts. However, he thinks he does not look credible enough. What do you think should he do to improve his stage presence? A. He should use accurate movements. B. He should pronounce and enunciate words correctly. C. He should dress properly and appropriately. D. He should master his voice and find his pitch level. 12.Ann gave a speech during the school campaign. But she felt dissatisfied because she knew she had a mannerism that distracted the audience. What should she have done to deliver a better speech? A. She should have dressed properly and appropriately. B. She should have used accurate movements. C. She should have enunciated the words correctly. D. She should have breathed in and out to relax before her speech. 13. Mr. Reyes has an in-depth knowledge in the field of physics. However, students seem unable to comprehend what he is saying. How should he deal with this in order to transfer his knowledge to the students effectively? A. He should smile. B. He should use accurate movements. C. He should dress properly and appropriately. D. He should pronounce and enunciate words correctly.14.Lou is going to deliver her valedictory address during the graduation day next week. She will be using a podium and a microphone. What is the BEST strategy that she should keep in mind in a large gathering like this? A. She should smile. B. She should observe pauses. C. She should pronounce and enunciate words correctly. D. She should adjust her volume to the size of the audience. 15.Bernard was asked to give a speech during his best friend’s wedding. The audience members were mostly family and friends. What do you think did he do to deliver the speech that made the audience laugh? A. He smiled. B. He avoided fillers. C. He varied his rate or speed to avoid monotone. D. He pronounced and enunciated the words correctly.

17 Lesso Using Principles of n2 Effective Speech Delivery Have you ever experienced or imagined yourself speaking before a hugecrowd? Have you not dreamt of becoming an effective speaker where your listenersare mindful and persuaded of what you say? Certainly, there is no shortcut recipe for being a good speaker. Indeed,nothing is automatic; you must make it happen. This module has lesson that willserve you that purpose i.e. to become a good speaker. Luckily, there are some toolsand principles that can be helpful to you in presenting and delivering your speechlike a pro. Discover yourself as a great speaker and be ready to see its wonders asyou see it come to pass.

What’s In It is important that you master the previous lesson on the use of principlesfor effective speech because you will find them applicable in achieving the targetcompetency in this module. You have learned that an effective written speechconstitutes various principles such as audience profile, logical organization,duration, word choice, and grammatical correctness. In any event, when you realizeyour messages are solid and clearly explained on paper, it is hard to know without a doubt that your oral delivery will likewise be acceptable.

Notes to the Teacher You may give various exercises to your learners in trying to deliver their crafted speech. Try to involve the class in assessing the performances of their classmates using the set of criteria for effective speech.

What’s NewPhoto Story Story telling is important in keeping your audience engaged and informed ofwhat you are trying to share. To make you practice developing your narratives,below are interesting photos or memes. Choose one from the photos below. Createa story about it. Try to discuss your story, the people involved, their situation, theiraspirations, their motivations, their actions, and anything that will build up yourstory about them. Use the message of your story in delivering a speech to persuade and inspireothers to live a purpose driven life. Please note that your teacher will ask you topresent your story by reading it aloud. Make sure that your delivery is clear andpersuasive.

19 Tick the column that determines the quality of your delivery. Try to do thisobjectively as possible. It is important to note that there are no wrong answers. INDICATOR USUALLY SOMETIMES SELDOM NEVER 1. I utilize a conversational style in my discourse. 2. I establish and maintain eye contact effectively. 3. I change the volume of my voice depending on the size of the crowd. 4. I vary my speed. 5. I modulate my voice. 6. I use pauses effectively. 7. I pronounce words correctly. 8. I avoid mannerisms or distracting movements. 9. I try to sound interesting. 10.I use gestures and body movement to highlight and give emphasis to important points of my speech. TOTAL : GRAND TOTAL: /30

Scoring Score: Language of Proficiency Usually – 3 points Sometimes – 2 points 28-30 Seldom – 1 point Advanced Never – 0 25-27 Proficient 23-24 Approaching Proficiency 21-22 Developing 20 and below Beginning

*Adapted from Dugdale, Susan (2011). Public speaking exercises.

What is It Do you wish to become a greatspeaker? Good news! Thismodulediscusses the principles andtools ofeffective speech delivery to help youachieve that purpose. Effective speaking means beingable to say what you need to say in amanner that it is heard and acted upon. According to Stephen Lucas(2011), author of The Art of PublicSpeaking, a good delivery means thatyou are capable and able to present yourmessage in a clear, coherent, andinteresting way. In addition to this, healso says: Good delivery…conveys the speaker’s ideas clearly, interestingly, and without distracting the audience. Most audiences prefer delivery that combines a certain degree of formality with the best attributes of good conversation— directness, spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness, and a lively sense of communication (p. 244).

Tools for Effective Speech Delivery

Articulation People always judge how well you speak in general. The perceived intellect oreducation is sometimes used to measure how well you articulate. The instance onhow well and precisely you form vowels and consonants using your lips, tongue, jaw,and palate to form the sounds to speak is crucial in making your message getcrossed. On the same idea, diction and enunciation are other forms of articulation. For example, saying “going to” instead of “gonna” or “want to” instead of “wanna” are instances of good versus poor articulation. Proper diction in articulation is important in speaking which needs a lot of practice.

21Modulation This happens when you control or adjust the tone or volume of your voice asyou try to lower your voice to a loud whisper in order to get the attention of youraudience as they find your message more appealing, dramatic and mysterious.Modulation has various meanings, such as a change of key in music or of thesound of a person's voice.

Stage presence The speaker’s ability to get and secure the audience's interest in listening tohim/her through his or her presentation style refers to stage presence. Every timethe speaker faces his audience, he is encouraged to keep his poise, posture, gestures, and movements since they may make or break the presentation. A good stage presence essentially engages the audience into theperformance. It is the ability to make the audience connect with the speaker andpull them into the story being told, and as a result, the audience are affected by thefeelings, emotions, and ideas being conveyed.

Facial expressions To effectively communicate emotions and enthusiasm while speaking, thespeaker must use emphatic and descriptive gestures. These help enhance theverbal content of our speech. Gestures should appear spontaneous butpurposeful. Movements from the waist down should be decisively used toemphasize a point or as a transition during a speech. Facial expressions are essential in setting the emotional tone for a speech. It isreally helpful that facial expressions jive with the message being delivered. Toachieve the positive tone of the speaker before he begins, he simply must glance atthe audience and smile. A smile may be simple but its value is indispensable incommunicating friendliness, openness, and confidence. In addition, facialexpressions communicate various types of emotions which reflect the speaker’smoods and personality traits. For instance, mix of many facial expressions can communicate the speaker’s feelings, excitement, frustration, confusion, sadness, confidence, aspiration, happiness, etc. Even if the audience does not feel bored, for example, a slack blank face may give the audience the impression that the speaker is bored with his own speech or that the entire message is uninteresting and boring.

Arm and hand movements constitute gesture. We all may have developed our native culture and we tend to internalize them as we speak. Becoming fluent in a language is part of this process. On the other hand, we also become fluent in non verbal communication through our gestures. We all use hand gestures while we speak, but we didn’t ever go to any class in learning how to match our verbal 22communication with the appropriate gestures; we just internalized on these normsas a result of long period of time based on observation later incorporate them as wespeak. By this point in your life, you have a whole vocabulary of hand movementsand gestures that spontaneously come out while you’re speaking. Some of thesegestures are emphatic and some are descriptive (Koch, 2007).

Movement of the whole body, instead of just gesturing with hands, isappropriate in a speech. It is suggested that starting speakers hold off attemptingto fuse body development starting from the waist until they have completed at anyrate one discourse. This permits you to focus on overseeing nervousness andspotlight on progressively significant parts of conveyance like vocal assortment,keeping away from familiarity hiccups and verbal fillers, and improving eye to eyeconnection. At the point when you are given the opportunity to move around, itregularly winds up getting skimming or pacing, which are the two developments that comfort you as a speaker by using anxious vitality however just serve to divertthe crowd.

Rapport It happens when you have everything in concordance or harmony. Yourdiscourse is correct. The crowd gets it well. They appreciate tuning in to it as muchas you appreciate conveying it. In any case, that upbeat agreeable state doesn'thappen without conscious effort. Rapport builders are: dressing and prepping suitably for the event ▪ being sorted out, prepared with reasonable substance ▪ ▪ demonstrating in your opening statements that you know who you are talking to because you have done your homework ▪ utilizing comprehensive language - "we" instead of "I" ▪ recognizing and accentuating your shared conviction consciously and earnestly ▪ evading the use of jargon unless everyone understands it ▪ indicating that you are human also by sharing your story ▪ being aware of non-verbal communication/body language and using eye contact ▪ seeming sure, positive, in charge and understanding of the effect of vocal delivery

What’s More Now that you already know that some skills and speech challenges willrequire greater expertise to learn, mastery of these skills of speech delivery on theother hand will make you more confident. Note the speaking skills exercises. Youcan practice these out loud and you can practice them in your imagination. In the next activity, statements about principles of speech delivery will begiven. Decide whether the statement is acceptable or not by putting check on thebox. 1. In speech delivery, our goal is to deliver a good speech. TRUE FALSE 2. When the speech was delivered flawlessly, it can be considered successful speech delivery. TRUE FALSE 3. Facial expressions can appear distracting and may even be annoying at times when somebody is delivering a speech. TRUE FALSE 4. Modulation happens when you control or adjust the tone or volume of your voice as you try to lower your voice to a loud whisper in order to get the attention of your audience. TRUE FALSE 5. Arm and hand movements constitute gesture. TRUE FALSE 6. Movement of the whole body, instead of just gesturing with hands, is appropriate in a speech. TRUE FALSE 7. We become fluent in verbal communication through our gestures. TRUE FALSE 8. Facial expressions are essential in setting the emotional tone for a speech. TRUE FALSE 9. The speaker’s ability to get and secure the audience's interest in listening to him/her through his or her presentation style refers to facial expression. TRUE FALSE 10. The instance on how well and precisely you form vowels and consonants using your lips, tongue, jaw, and palate to form the sounds to speak is crucial in making your message get across.

What I Have Learned Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by giving youranswers on the blank in the graphic organizer. __________________________ It is the formation of clear and distinct sounds in Y speech. R

E __________________________ V

I It is a change of key in music or of the sound of L

E a person's voice. D

C __________________________ E It is the ability to get and secure the audience's E

interest in listening to presentation. P

I __________________________ T

C It helps enhance the verbal content of our speech. E

__________________________ E

This helps the speaker express himself with the R

F use of is body. S

O __________________________ T This happens when you have everything in concordance or harmony.

What were your thoughts or ideas about the principles of speech delivery prior tothe discussion of the lesson?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

What new or additional ideas did you learn after taking up this lesson?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

What I Can DoSpeak Up!To have an excellent presentation, your delivery matters even more than what yousay, and this exercise helps you refine it. Given below are lines from a speech ofPresident Emilio Aguinaldo. Practice saying it aloud in front of your family asthough you’re giving a speech. Rate yourself using the given rubric and payattention to your tone, inflections, and generally how you can use your voice tocreate more interest. “We are no longer insurgents; we are no longer revolutionists; that is to say, armed men desirous of destroying and annihilating the enemy. We are from now on Republicans; that is to say, men of law, able to fraternize with all other nations, with mutual respect and affection. There is nothing lacking, therefore, in order for us to be recognized and admitted as a free and independent nation." -President Emilio Aguinaldo in his inaugural speech at Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan, January 23, 1899 Rubric for Assessment 5 4 3 2 Skillful control of Skillful control of Control of technique Limited control of technique and an technique technique ability to use technique to bring about a thoughtfulresponse in the audienceConsistent effective Effective eye contact Eye contact is present Minimal eye contacteye contact that that supports but may not be made with audience; somecommands audience audience consistently with all reading of contentinvolvement involvement members of the audienceExceptionally clear Clear enunciation Mostly clear Unclear enunciationenunciation and and correct enunciation and or incorrectcorrect pronunciation correct pronunciation pronunciationpronunciationOutstanding variations Effective variations Effective rate, Some rate or volumein rate, volume, tone, in rate, volume, volume, tone, and inadequacies; littleand voice inflection tone, and voice voice inflection variation in tone and inflection voice inflectionSuperior fluent Strong use of Appropriate use of Inconsistent use ofdelivery and nonverbal nonverbal techniques appropriateexceptional use of techniques nonverbalnonverbal techniquestechniques

Score: 20-25 Promising Public Speaker 15-19 Capable to be a Public Speaker 10-14 Developing to be a Public Speaker 5 - 9 Beginning to be a Public Speaker

*Adapted from Oregon Department of Education Office of Assessment and Information Services (2011), *Adapted from Oregon Department of Education Office of Assessment and Information Services (2011), Speaking Official Scoring Guide. Speaking Official Scoring Guide.

Assessment I. True or False. Read each statement carefully and write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. 1. When delivering a speech, it is best to use formal approach all the time. 2. The way you carry yourself on the stage or platform is part of speech delivery. 3. Pronunciation does not matter in speech delivery because the content of the message is what’s more important. 4. Pausing is one way you can emphasize an important word, phrase, or sentence in your speech. 5. Moderate use of offensive words and an occasional back-biting can help you in giving a powerful speech.

II. Apply the principles of effective delivery by choosing the appropriate action from the options below that the speaker should do for each situation. Write the letter of your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

A. Check her voice in the microphone to know whether it is audible enough. B. Avoid gripping the edges of the podium with both hands and avoid hiding them behind the podium. C. Check the venue before the scheduled speech and arrive hours earlier in the venue. D. Ask the organizers about the estimated number of audience so she can adjust to her delivery. 6. Ana, the SK Chairperson was invited to introduce a visitor in her barangay so a welcome remark was necessary. But she had the tendency to feel restless when talking in front of a crowd. 7. Jose was the representative for the inter-school debate. Unfortunately, he got sick days before the event and as an effect, his

27 voice was not well- modulated. With this, he was worried whether the competition would be held in an open-air venue or in a function hall. 8. Mrs. Santos was known for her soft modulated voice, especially when she was discussing a lesson to her class. Aside from this, she was also known to be religious, so she was asked to deliver a speech for one of their empowering activities. 9. Mr. Cruz, the new president of homeowners’ association, was asked to deliver a speech for their first general assembly but he was afraid that the people might not listen attentively. 10.A local environmental group planned to organize a tree-planting activity. In addition to their preparations, Mr. Delos Reyes was asked to inform the public but he did not know how many participants were expected to join in the activity.

For numbers 11-15, choose from the options below.

A. Modulation B. Articulation C. Stage Presence D. Facial expressions, gestures, and movements E. Duration

11. As the CEO of the company approaches the stage, the audience is astonished with how dignified he is that everyone becomes eager to hear his message. 12. Not a single person among the audience was bored listening to the speech even though the message was a bit lengthy. The speaker was truly dynamic. 13. The speaker is animated in delivering his speech. He never stays in one place and sees to it that everyone is listening to him. 14.Leslie did a great job during her campaign for SSG president. She was able to adjust her voice according to the number of students in the classrooms that they went in to campaign. 15. Magda was invited as a resource speaker for an event in a school. She learned from the teacher that her audience would be pupils from Kinder and Grade 1 so she prepared a short speech for her talk.

Additional ActivitiesI. Evaluate a speech using the assessment tool below. You may choose one of the following materials: ∙A speech from the television ∙A speech from YouTube ∙A speech that you can vividly recall from an event you have attended (ex. recognition, graduation, or a seminar) Name of Speaker: ________________________________________________ Title of Speech Viewed: ___________________________________________ Type of Speech According to Purpose: _____________________________ Audience and Venue: _____________________________________________ Assessment Tool (√) Check your response Yes No1. Did the speaker adjust to the audience size and venue size? 2. Did the speaker use the microphone? 3. Did the speaker approach the audience? 4. Did the speaker maintain eye contact? 5. Did the speaker use the volume of his/her voice well? 6. Did the speaker use his/her rate well? 7. Did the speaker use his/her pitch well? 8. Did the speaker pronounce words correctly? 9. Did the speaker avoid fillers? 10. Did the speaker avoid distracting movements? 11. Did the speaker use appropriate facial expressions? 12. Did the speaker dress well for the occasion?

II. Using your knowledge on effective speech delivery, list down what a speaker must do and must not do when preparing for and delivering a speech through a graphic organizer in a separate sheet of paper.

29 Answer Key D 24. D 23. B 22. C 21. B 20. D 19. 15. E C 18. C 17. 14. D B 16. 13. C B 15. 12. A D 14. 11. B B 13. 10. D D 12.Answers may vary. A 11.Activities Know What IAdditional

TRUE 20. FALSE 19. 9. B TRUE 18. 8. A FALSE 17. 7. C TRUE 16. 6. B TRUE 15. Rapport 6. 5. False Movement 5. TRUE 14. 4. True ExpressionsTRUE 13. False 3.TRUE 12. Facial 4.TRUE 11. 2. True Stage Presence 3. 1. False Modulation 2.What's More Assessment Articulation 1. Learned C 25. What I Have 30

ReferencesAlison, Kelly. “A Presentation Design Agency”, Ethos3, March 21,2018, https://www.ethos3.com/2018/03/10-public-speaking-games-activities-try/“Boundless Communications.” Lumen Learning. Accessed June 11, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless communications/chapter/the-importance-of-audience-analysis/.Dugdale, Susan. (2011) Public Speaking Games. Accessed June11,2020. http://www.write-out-loud.com/public-speakinggames.Emmons, Jill Torrey. (2009). Tricks and techniques for speech delivery. Retrieved from http://pulse.pharmacy.arizona.edu/9th_grade/culture_cycles/language_arts /tricks_and_techniques.html EnglishMediaLab. ESL PronunciationExercises Online. Accessed June 11, 2020.Flores, Ramona. Oral Communication in Context. Sampaloc Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc, 2016.Gray-Grant, Daphne. “Ten Ways to Write a Better Speech.” Publication Coach, January 9, 2018. https://www.publicationcoach.com/ten-ways-to-write-a better-speech/.Lucas, Stephen. (2009). The art of public speaking (9th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill, p. 244.Oregon Department of Education Office of Assessment and Information Services, “Speaking Official Scoring Guide”, Adopted 2011, https://www.oregon.gov/ode/educatorresources/essentialskills/Documents / spkingscorguides1112.pdRothschild, Mike. “The Best Presidential Speeches of All Time”, Ranker, December 10, 2019, https://www.ranker.com/list/greatest-presidential speeches/mike-rothschildTandoc, Shiela. Oral Communication for Senior High School. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc., 2016.The Transitional Device Table. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://kielikompassi.jyu.fi/kookit06/corpus/micase/transitionaldevicetable. html.Wrench, Jayson. “Introductions Matter: How to Begin a Speech Effectively.” Public Speaking: Practice and Ethics. Accessed June 11, 2020. https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/public-speaking-practice-and ethics/s12-introductions-matter-how-to-be.html.

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