medical research courses after 12th

What are the Top 14 Medical Courses after 12th? Detailed Guide!

Do you love reading about human anatomy, physiology, and hormonal compositions? Intrested in medical courses after 12th grade? If yes, then this is your go-to article for opportunities in medicine and allied medicine programs.

This article talks about the top colleges, courses, entrance exams and career opportunities for medical courses after 12th. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the top 14 medical courses after 12th garde.

So, let’s embark on this informative journey and discover the vast realm of medical education!

Top 14 Medical Courses after 12th

Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery [MBBS]
Bachelor of Pharmacy or BPharm
Bachelor of Physiotherapy [BPT]
Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery [BAMS]
Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSc Nursing)
Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine & Surgery [BHMS]
Bachelor of Occupational Therapy [BOT]
Bachelor in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology [BASLP]
Bachelor of Science in Radiography and Medical Imaging
Bachelor of Science [B.Sc] (Industrial Microbiology)
Bachelor of Optometry [B.Optom]
Bachelor of Veterinary Science
Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery [MBBS]:

Doctors are responsible for maintaining health and fitness, primarily by diagnosis, and apt treatment of illnesses/injuries of patients. A doctor may work with patients of all age groups, or choose to specialize in a particular domain like cardiology, or neurology.

Course Details:

The first step is a degree in MBBS which is of 4.5 years and followed by an internship (1 year). During the degree, you will study various subjects such as anatomy, physiology, allied medicine, community medicine, pediatrics, microbiology, etc.

During these years you will learn not only to diagnose and treat patients, but also the ethics to practice, various national-level health programs, and the skills to succeed in the precise career of medicine.

If you want to specialize in a particular area, you can pursue post-graduation (MD). Cardiology (deals with the abnormality and function of the heart), clinical pharmacology (study of drugs and their application), psychiatry (Treatment of mental illness, disorders, and behavior), etc. are a few areas of specialization which you may consider. There are many other medical field courses but MBBS is the widely preferable and demanding course.

Professional opportunities:

After completing your MBBS, you can work in hospitals, clinics, etc. as a general physician and Surgeon.

Entrance Exams:

The common entrance exam for MBBS courses in India is the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET UG). Students must qualify for NEET and take part in the NEET counseling process for BDS admission.

Colleges Offering The Course:

Armed Force Medical College,
Lady Hardinge Medical College,
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,
Kasturba Medical College,
Maulana Azad Medical College,
Christian Medical College, etc.
Bachelor of Pharmacy or BPharm:

Pharmacists play a crucial role in the healthcare system by ensuring safe and effective medication use. They are responsible for dispensing medications, providing drug information, and counseling patients on proper usage and potential side effects.If you are interested in the science of medications, including their development, mechanisms of action, and the impact they have on the human body then this course can be the best option for you. B Pharma is one of the best medicine courses for students who aspire to master the field of medicine.

The course duration is typically 4 years, during which students study subjects such as pharmaceutical Organic chemistry, Biochemistry, Pathophysiology, pharmacology, pharmaceutical analysis, Physical pharmaceutics,Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medicinal Chemistry and pharmacy practice.

After completing a BPharm degree, you have the option to pursue higher studies such as MPharm (Master of Pharmacy) under various specialization in areas like clinical pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, pharmaceutical research, or pharmacology or PharmD (Doctor of Pharmacy) or MBA

Professional opportunities:

After successfully completing this course, you will work as a pharmacist in hospitals, retail pharmacies, pharmaceutical companies, research laboratories, and regulatory bodies. With additional qualifications and experience, opportunities for managerial positions and entrepreneurship in the pharmaceutical industry open up.

Entrance Exams:

Several state-level and private university entrance exams organize entrance exams like GUJCET, UPSEE, KCET, MHT-CET, TS EAMCET, APEAMCET , BITSAT , CUCET. The common entrance exam for admission to MPharm courses in India is the Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT).

Top colleges offering BPharm courses include the

National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER),
Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Jamia Hamdard University,
Bombay College of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), and
Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), etc
Bachelor of Physiotherapy [BPT]:

Physiotherapists are healthcare professionals who specialize in restoring and maintaining the physical function, mobility, and well-being of individuals. They use various techniques, exercises, and therapies to help patients recover from injuries, manage chronic conditions, and improve overall physical fitness.

Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT) is a 4.5 years course including internship ( period of internship differs from institute to institute), which includes both theoretical and practical training. Your subjects majorly include anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, bio mechanics, kinesiology, pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, general medicine and general surgery, Neurology, therapeutic techniques and more.. Also, the curriculum focuses on developing clinical skills, patient assessment, treatment planning, and rehabilitation strategies.

After completing a BPT degree, students can opt for specialization through post-graduation (MPT) in areas like orthopedics, neurology, sports physiotherapy , cardiovascular and respiratory physiotherapy, or pediatric physiotherapy.

Professional Opportunities:

Physiotherapists work at different locations from a hospital ward to private clinics, and even with mental health patients in psychiatric settings. Their job is to rehabilitate ill and injured patients, who may be children, elderly, stroke patients, and people with sports injuries.

Some institutions ask for NEET UG score and most other institutions conduct their entrance exams for admission to BPT courses, while others consider the candidate’s performance in the qualifying examination.

Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences
Dept. of Physiotherapy, Bangalore Medical College
CMC Vellore
Jamia Hamdard
SRM University
Manipal college of Health Professions
Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery [BAMS]:

An Ayurveda practitioner uses natural therapies tailored to the needs of each individual, in order to eliminate impurities, reduce stress, and fight disease. The treatment ranges from diet, lifestyle advice, and massages, to yoga, meditation, and herbal supplements.

A bachelor in Ayurveda medicine and surgery is necessary to practice as an Ayurveda doctor. During the degree, you will learn about modern anatomy i.e. study of human structures, principles of medicine, social and preventive medicines, forensic medicine, etc.

You will find jobs in hospitals and clinics as Ayurvedic doctors. You can work as an ayurvedic pharmacist, a drug manufacturer in government hospitals, or get into research with pharmaceutical companies and research centers.

Candidates need to take the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET UG) administered by NTA. Successful candidates are required to participate in the counseling process conducted by Ayush Admissions Central Counseling Committee ( AACCC), Ministry of Ayush, Government of India.

Ayurved Mahavidyalaya,
Ayurved & Unani Tibbia College,
Banaras Hindu University
The Institute of Medical Sciences
National Institute of Ayurveda
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery:

Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery (BUMS) is one of the popular courses in the field of medicine and medical practices. Besides, this field of study focuses on the balance of the body’s natural elements to achieve holistic health and well-being through Unani medicines.

The duration of a Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery (BUMS) degree is typically 4.5 years. In the course, students study subjects such as Kulliyat (basic principles of Unani medicine), Ilmul Advia (pharmacology), and Amraz E Jild (dermatology). The curriculum includes both theoretical knowledge and practical training in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases using Unani medicine.

The students who have the language Urdu in 12th class or have proficiency in Urdu language are given the preference in the admission . The regulatory body of Unani education is the Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) in India.

After completing BUMS, graduates can pursue post-graduation (MD) in various specialized fields such as Moalijat (general medicine), Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan (obstetrics and gynecology), or Ilmul Saidla (pharmacy).

BUMS graduates can work as Unani doctors in government and private hospitals, dispensaries, wellness centers, research institutes, and clinical practice. They can provide consultation, prescribe Unani medicines, perform surgeries, and offer therapeutic treatments in line with the principles of Unani medicine.

Candidates need to take the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET UG ) administered by NTA. Successful candidates are required to participate in the counseling process conducted by Ayush Admissions Central Counseling Committee ( AACCC), Ministry of Ayush, Government of India.

Some renowned institutions offering BUMS courses in India include:

Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College,
Government Nizamia Tibbi College,
Aligarh Muslim University,
Jamia Hamdard University, and Hamdard University
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS):

Dentists play a vital role in maintaining oral health and providing dental care to patients. They diagnose and treat various dental and oral conditions, including teeth and gum diseases, oral infections, and dental trauma.

The duration of the course is 4 years, followed by a compulsory internship of 1 year. During the course, students study subjects such as dental anatomy, oral pathology, dental materials, periodontics, endodontics, oral surgery, and prosthodontics. The curriculum includes both theoretical knowledge and practical training in dental procedures, patient management, and clinical skills.

BDS graduates can work as dentists in government and private dental clinics , hospitals, dental colleges, and research institutions. They can provide a range of dental services, including preventive care, dental restorations, root canal treatments, tooth extractions, and cosmetic dentistry procedures. Dentists can also establish their own dental practices or work as consultants.

Entrance Exam:

The common entrance exam for BDS courses in India is the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET UG). Students must qualify for NEET and take part in NEET counseling process for BDS admission.

There are several prestigious dental colleges in India offering BDS programs.

Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences,
New Delhi, Manipal College of Dental Sciences,
Government Dental College and Hospital,
Christian Dental College, Ludhiana,
King George’s Medical University, Lucknow,
Nair Hospital Dental College, etc
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSc Nursing):

Nursing is a noble profession focused on providing compassionate care to individuals, families, and communities. Nurses play a crucial role in the healthcare system by promoting health, preventing illness, and assisting in patient recovery.

Course Details:

The duration of the course is 4 years and students acquire knowledge in subjects such as anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, nutrition, medical-surgical nursing, pediatric nursing, psychiatric nursing, community health nursing, and research methodology. The curriculum combines classroom learning with clinical training to develop essential nursing skills.

Upon completing BSc Nursing, graduates can work as registered nurses in a variety of healthcare settings, including hospitals, clinics, community health centers, and nursing homes.

They can provide direct patient care, administer medications, assist in surgeries, educate patients and their families, and contribute to healthcare management. Nurses also have opportunities for specialization in areas such as critical care nursing, pediatric nursing, psychiatric nursing, or nurse education.

Entrance exams for BSc Nursing may vary depending on the institution. Some institutes accept state-level nursing entrance exams conducted by respective authorities. Around 8 selected Central Institutes provide B.Sc. Nursing through NEET UG and candidates need to participate in NEET counseling too

Several reputed colleges include:

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),
Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC),
Christian Medical College (CMC), Rajkumari Amrit
Kaur College of Nursing, and College of Nursing,
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER).
Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine & Surgery [BHMS]:

Homeopathy is a field of alternate medicine that works on the concept that the body rejuvenates itself due to its self-healing power. Homeopathy doctors take a holistic approach to treat patients after looking at the underlying causes of the illness.

Course Details:

BHMS is for 5.5 years and covers a wide range of topics such as, introduction to herbology i.e. using plants for medical purposes, fundamentals of ayurvedic plant healing, essential principles of homeopathy, etc. After your graduation, you can pursue MD (3 years) in homeopathic pharmacy, the practice of Medicine, Psychiatry, Pediatrics, etc. according to your interest.

Professional Opportunities:

Medical colleges, research institutes, consultancies, training institutes, life science industries, healthcare communities, nursing homes, etc. are a few places that employ homeopathic doctors.

Colleges Offering The Course:

National Institute of Homeopathy,
Nehru Homeopathic Medical College, Dr.D.Y.Patil
Homeopathic Medical College,
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Homeopathic Medical College.
Bachelor of Occupational Therapy [BOT]:

Occupational therapy is a rehabilitation profession, and therapists work with people of all ages who require assistance to lead an independent and productive life. The patients usually are affected by physical, developmental, social, or emotional problems. BOT is also known as the best paramedical course with tons of career opportunities across the world.

A bachelor’s degree in occupational therapy (BOT) is a minimum requirement to start your career. During the degree, you will learn about the various techniques of recovery, and you will get hands-on experience through various internships and training programs. Masters in occupational therapy is recommended if you want to specialize in a particular area of OT.

Your work could include teaching an older patient recovering from a stroke to dress or motivating a person suffering from depression to take up a hobby or activity which they loved earlier, etc. Social service departments, hospitals, special schools, etc. are some of the places where you can work.

Christian Medical College,
All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
S.R.M. Institute of Medical Science and Research,
Jamia Hamdard Deemed University
Bachelor in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology [BASLP]:

Bachelor in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (BASLP) is an undergraduate program that focuses on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of communication disorders related to hearing, speech, and language. Professionals in this field work with individuals of all ages to improve their communication skills and enhance their quality of life.

Bachelor in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (BASLP) degree is for 4 years, which includes both theoretical and practical training. Your field of study involves anatomy and physiology of the ear, audiology, speech-language pathology, rehabilitation techniques, communication disorders, and research methodologies.

After completing BASLP, graduates can work as audiologists, speech-language pathologists, or speech therapists in hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation centers, schools, and private practice. They assess and diagnose communication disorders, provide therapy and intervention, fit hearing aids, conduct hearing tests, and collaborate with other healthcare professionals.

The admission process for BASLP courses may vary across colleges and universities. Some institutions conduct their own entrance exams, while others consider the candidate’s performance in the qualifying examination. Common entrance exams for audiology and speech-language pathology programs include the All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (AIISH) Entrance Exam and various state-level entrance exams.

There are many colleges, some prominent institutions include

All India Institute of Speech and Hearing,
Manipal College of Health Professions,
Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, and
School of Allied Health Sciences at Jamia Hamdard University.
Bachelor of Science in Radiography and Medical Imaging:

BSc in Radiography and Medical Imaging is an undergraduate program that focuses on the use of advanced imaging technologies to diagnose and treat various medical conditions. Radiography professionals play a crucial role in the healthcare system by capturing and interpreting medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and ultrasound.

To pursue a BSc in Radiography and Medical Imaging, students should have a background in the PCB subject combination. The duration of the course is typically 3 years. The curriculum includes subjects such as radiographic techniques, anatomy, medical physics, image interpretation, patient care, and radiation safety.

Graduates can work as radiographers, radiology technicians, or medical imaging technologists in hospitals, diagnostic centers, clinics, and research institutions. They operate imaging equipment, ensure patient safety, capture high-quality images, and collaborate with radiologists and other healthcare professionals.

The admission process for BSc in Radiography and Medical Imaging may vary across colleges and universities. Some institutions conduct their own entrance exams, while others admit students based on their performance in the qualifying examination. Common entrance exams for radiography programs include state-level and university-level exams.

Reputable colleges offering BSc in Radiography and Medical Imaging include
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER).
Bachelor of Optometry [B.Optom]:

B.Optom focuses on eye care and vision correction, enabling students to become optometrists and provide primary eye healthcare services. B.Optom is one of the best courses for medical students.

It is a 4-year undergraduate course . The B. Optom degree is specialized in the field of visual health and eye care.

B.Optom graduates can work as optometrists, eye care specialists, and vision therapists, or open their private clinics.

Entrance Exam: Some universities and institutions conduct their entrance exams, while others admit students based on their performance in the qualifying examination.

Best Colleges:

Bausch and Lomb School of Optometry,
Amity University,
Lotus College of Optometry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Optometry,
LV Prasad Eye Institute,
Elite School of Optometry,
Nethra School of Optometry.
Bachelor of Veterinary Science:

A veterinarian is a medical professional who provides animals with medical facilities. If you love animals, and are ready to treat them, this is the correct profession for you. Veterinary doctors even perform surgeries on animals, perform various tests to vaccinate against diseases and educate animal owners about the general care of the animals.

Course details:

You should complete your graduation degree, i.e. bachelor’s in veterinary science from a university recognized by the veterinary council of India. It is necessary to get registered with the state veterinary council in order to obtain a license to practice.

To obtain the license, it is compulsory to complete your internship under the council for 6 months. If you wish to specialize in an area, you can pursue M.V.Sc in surgery, genetics, and breeding, immunology, biotechnology, etc.

You will get the opportunity to work in diverse settings, from private/government hospitals, clinics to poultry farms, husbandry departments, etc. You can even work in the area of research after completing your advanced degrees.

NEET UG and other state level entrance exams like MHT CET (Maharashtra), KEAM (Kerala), CENTAC (Pondicherry), GADVASU (Punjab, Himachal), GUJCET (Gujrat)

Best Colleges:

Bombay Veterinary Science College,
Birsa Agricultural-University,
College of Veterinary and Animal Science,
College of Veterinary Sciences, etc.

Conclusion:

Choosing a medical course after completing 12th grade is a crucial decision that sets the foundation for a rewarding career in the healthcare industry. The field of medicine offers diverse opportunities, and each course caters to different interests and aspirations. Whether you aim to become a doctor, pharmacist, physiotherapist, or radiographer, or specialize in alternative medicine, there is a course suited to your passion and goals.

In this guide, we explored the top 14 medical courses after 12th. Each course presents unique prospects, and it’s important to consider personal interests, strengths, and long-term career goals when making a choice.

Remember, success in the medical field requires dedication, hard work, and a genuine passion for serving others. With the right course selection, commitment, and continuous learning, you can embark on a fulfilling journey to contribute to the well-being of individuals and society as a whole.

Which is the best medical course after 12th without NEET?

For students who wish to pursue a medical career without appearing for the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET), there are alternative courses available.

Some popular options include Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm), Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT), Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Radiography and Medical Imaging, Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (BOT), and Bachelor of Optometry (B.Optom).

These courses offer excellent opportunities for specialization and a rewarding career in the medical field. It is better to get help from an education counselor to identify your best interest and eligibility.

Which medical course after 12th has the highest scope?

The medical field offers a wide range of courses with high career prospects. However, it is subjective to determine which course has the highest scope as it depends on various factors such as personal interest, market demand, and individual skills.

Some courses that are currently in high demand and offer promising career opportunities include MBBS, Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS), Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm), Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT), Bachelor of Optometry (B.Optom), and Bachelor of Veterinary Science. It’s important to choose a course that aligns with your interests and passion, as success often follows dedication and hard work in any chosen field.

How can I study Medicine after 12th?

To study Medicine after completing 12th grade, one must pursue an undergraduate medical course such as MBBS or Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) or Alternative medicine courses. The eligibility criteria generally include completing 12th grade with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as mandatory subjects. The admission process involves appearing for the medical entrance exam NEET, followed by counseling.

How much percentage is required for medical courses after 12th?

The minimum percentage required in 12th to be eligible for medicine courses like MBBS or BDS,is 50% to 60% and the admission primarily is based on NEET Entrance score and for other medical related courses the percentage of marks varies depending on the various college/ university/ institute

Additionally, the individual must have studied Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as main subjects in their 12th grade curriculum. However, it is crucial to check the specific eligibility criteria of the desired college or university, as requirements may vary.

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Medical Courses after 12th 2024 - Eligibility, Fees, Top Colleges

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Pursuing a career in the field of medicine is a dream for many class 12 students. Candidates who have studied Physics, Chemistry, and Biology can pursue a variety of medical courses after class 12 which offer a lucrative career. The following article mentions the list of courses that both NEET exam-qualified and not-qualified candidates can pursue. Read the article below to check medical courses after 12th, exams accepted, eligibility, and career opportunities offered.

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Medical Courses after 12th 2024 - Eligibility, Fees, Top Colleges

Apart from MBBS and BDS, which are the topmost priority of the majority of candidates, there are other medical courses after 12th such as Nursing , Paramedics, Physiotherapy , Veterinary , and AYUSH which candidates can pursue. While admission to a majority of medical courses after class 12 are through NEET-UG, there are courses that accept other national and state-level entrance tests too.

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List of medical courses after 12th, 1. bachelor of medicine, bachelor of surgery - mbbs.

MBBS is a 5.5-year undergraduate degree. Candidates are taught Pre-Clinical, Para-Clinical, and Clinical subjects during the MBBS course. After pursuing the MBBS course, candidates are employed as doctors. Candidates who have studied PCB in class 12 are eligible to pursue the MBBS course. Students should have attained at least 17 years of age for pursuing MBBS. Admission to MBBS in India is granted on the basis of the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) result.

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National Testing Agency (NTA) is the authority that conducts NEET in pen and paper mode. On the basis of NEET admission to MBBS seats in government medical colleges, deemed/central universities, ESIC and AFMS are granted. By qualifying NTA NEET candidates can get admission to top MBBS colleges in the country such as AIIMS , JIPMER , MAMC , AMU , BHU , and many more. Fees for the MBBS course vary according to the respective institution. The MBBS course fee in government colleges is much lower in comparison to deemed and private universities.

MBBS course overview

2. bachelor of dental surgery (bds).

BDS is one of the most popular medical courses in India. The duration of the BDS course is 5 years which includes a year-long rotatory internship. During the BDS course, candidates gain theoretical knowledge and practical dental surgery training. Like MBBS, to pursue BDS course candidates must have attained a minimum of 17 years of age and should have completed their class 12 with three core science subjects. Admission to the BDS course is granted on the basis of the NEET score. Only candidates who qualify in the NEET-UG exam bypassing the minimum cutoff are eligible to get admission to BDS in any dental college.

There are around 26,949 Bachelor of Dental Surgery seats across 313 dental colleges in India. According to the latest NIRF rankings, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai is the number one institute to pursue a BDS course, followed by the Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Karnataka at number two. Other top dental colleges include Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune and more. The fees for BDS vary across different dental colleges. BDS fees in private universities are on a higher end as compared to government or state colleges.

BDS course overview

3. bachelor of ayurvedic medicine and surgery (bams).

BAMS course is included under AYUSH courses in India. BAMS is a UG-level medical course of 5.5 years of duration. BAMS graduates are employed as Ayurvedic physicians or doctors. The syllabus of the BAMS course includes the study of Ayurveda Medicine and Surgery for the treatment of human disorders. Post-completing BAMS candidates can pursue M.S. (Master of Surgery) and M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) in Ayurveda.

The eligibility criteria for the BAMS course is the same as for MBBS. Class 12 science students will at least 50% marks are eligible to study Ayurvedic medicine. Admission to the BAMS course is granted through the NEET exam. The admission process for the BAMS course is conducted by AYUSH Admission Central Counselling Committee (AACCC). Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU , Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Pune , Patanjali Ayurved College, Haridwar are some of the leading BAMS colleges in India. The fee of the BAMS course ranges between Rs 50,000 to 70,000 annually.

BAMS course overview

4. bachelor of homeopathic medicine and surgery (bhms).

BHMS is a 5.5 year long UG medical course. BHMS comes under the AYUSH courses. Post completion of the BHMS course candidates is recognised as Homeopathic Doctor in India. The minimum eligibility required for pursuing a BHMS course is 40% of more marks in class 12.

AACCC offers admission to BHMS courses to eligible candidates on the basis of NEET marks. The minimum NEET-UG percentile required for the BHMS course is the 50th percentile for general and the 40th percentile for SC, ST, and OBC category candidates. There are several BHMS colleges across India. Lokmanya Homeopathic Medical college, Pune , National Institute of Homeopathy, kolkata , Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada are some of the popular BHMS colleges in India.

BHMS course overview

5. bachelor of unani medicine and surgery (bums).

BUMS is an undergraduate AYUSH course. The total duration of the BUMS degree is 5.5 years of which 1 year is a mandatory internship. The BUMS course curriculum is based on Unani methods of medical treatment. To get admission into the BUMS course, candidates need to pass class 12 with at least 50% marks and qualify for the NEET entrance exam. The cutoff of NEET for BUMS courses is the same as BHMS AND BAMS course i.e. 50th percentile for UR candidates and 40th percentile for reserved category students. Like all other AYUSH courses, admission to BUMS courses is also conducted by AACCC.

BUMS course overview

6. bachelor of siddha medicine and surgery (bsms).

BSMS is a 5.5-year long AYUSH course. Candidates who pursue a Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery are employed as doctors. Like other AYUSH courses, AACCC is the admission conducting body of BSMS courses in India.

Admission to BSMS seats is granted on the basis of the NEET-UG score. In addition to qualifying NEET exam, to pursue BSMS candidates also have to qualify for class 12 with at least 50% marks. Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur , RVS Siddha Medical College, Coimbatore, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, Jabalpur are some of the popular colleges offering BSMS courses.

BSMS course overview

7. bachelor in veterinary science (b.v.sc).

B.V.Sc is a medical course which deals with the study of veterinary medicine. During the 5.5 years of the B.V.Sc course, candidates study the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in all forms of animals. After completing the B.V.Sc course , candidates become doctors or popularly known as vets.

Admission to the B.V.Sc course is granted on the basis of the NEET exam. In addition to qualifying NEET, candidates must have scored at least 50% marks in their class 12 qualifying exam to study B.V.Sc course. The Veterinary Council of India conducts the admission of B.VSc course. In addition to NEET, there are other state-level entrance tests conducted for admission to state B.V.Sc seats. These state-level B.V.Sc entrance tests include RPVT , KEAM, KCET, and WBJEE.

B.V.Sc course overview

8. bachelor of physiotherapy - b.pth or bpt.

Bachelor of Physiotherapy is a 4.5-year-long course including a six-month internship. Candidates who pursue physiotherapy are known as physiotherapists. The demand and use of physiotherapy in the treatment of disorders have increased significantly over the years. To pursue BPT , students must have studied Physics, Chemistry, and Biology in their class 12. BPT course is offered by some of the most popular institutes in India. BPT colleges include Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University , SRM Medical College Hospital, and Research Centre, Chennai , and Medical Trust Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin to name a few.

Admission to BPT courses is granted on the basis of entrance tests. While some colleges accept NEET scores for admission to UG physiotherapy courses, most of the institutes conduct their own entrance tests. It must be noted that NEET is not a mandatory exam for admission to Bachelors in Physiotherapy courses.

BPT course overview

In addition to the above-discussed popular courses, there are several other medical line courses after 12th that students can pursue. A list of medical courses after the 12th which do not require the NEET exam is mentioned below. Candidates who have studied their class 12 with science subjects are eligible to pursue these medical courses. Admission to these courses in the medical field after class 12 is offered on the basis of merit or institute entrance test. Check the list of medical courses after the 12th which do not require the NEET exam below.

Bachelor of Occupational Therapy

Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology

Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Biomedical Engineering

Bachelor of Science in Microbiology (Non-Clinical)

Bachelor of Science in Cardiac or Cardiovascular Technology

Bachelor of Respiratory Therapy

Bachelor in Psychology

Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Healthcare Management

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How to become a doctor after 12th?

To become a doctor after 12th grade, follow these steps:

Choose Science in Class 11th and 12th, with Biology.
Prepare for medical entrance exams like NEET. Clear the entrance exams to secure a seat in a medical college.
Enroll in a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) programme.
Complete an internship for practical experience.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

Yes, there are various option in India for medical courses without NEET.

Candidates are eligible to pursue these medical courses if they have completed Class 12 with Physics, Chemistry and Biology (PCB).

Candidates have to qualify NEET and complete the MBBS degree succefully to become a medicine doctor.

The rapid development in this sector is fast becoming a hub for lucrative job opportunities and a promising career.

Candidates have to sit & qualify the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) in order to become a doctor

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Questions related to NEET

No, you cannot get direct admission to a program in Anesthesiology without qualifying in the NEET exam in India. To pursue an MD in Anesthesiology, which is the postgraduate qualification required for practicing as an Anesthesiologist, you must qualify in the NEET PG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test for Postgraduate) exam. NEET PG is the mandatory entrance exam for admission to MD/MS programs in medical colleges across India. There is no provision for direct admission to MD Anesthesiology programs without appearing for NEET PG. All admissions happen through a centralized counseling process based on NEET PG scores. https://medicine.careers360.com/neet-pg-college-predictor?utm_source=qna&utm_medium=neet_pg_cp I hope it helps!

Hello aspirant

You should not worry as your father's name is correct. It's OK if In your class xii certificate it is written Late before your father's name .

In neet ug form all the names ( your name, father's name, mother's name) should be correct with right spellings . The names should be same as in aadhar card. Date of birth should be correct. Your photo must match with your photo in aadhar card so that you can be recognized easily, for that always use recent photo copy of yourself.

You will be called for counseling and there will not be any issue .

All the best.

With 480 marks you have hogh chances of getting a medical seat through state quota but through All India quota, we can't predict regarding getting which seat and which course being obc category person.

This is because your admission depends upon neet cut off 2024. Cut off changes every year. Cut iff depends upon various factors such as students appeared, seat intake, previous year's cut off and difficulty level of exam etc.

Neet qualifying marks for obc category are 40 percentile .

Now looking at previous year's trends for obc category , with 480 marks you may get a prestigious college , it may be for mbbs or bds .

For rank prediction you may visit the link given below

https://medicine.careers360.com/neet-rank-predictor

Fir college prediction you may go through the following link

https://medicine.careers360.com/neet-college-predictor

If you have an SC certificate issued by the competent authority in Delhi where you have resided since birth, then your SC quota will be valid for Delhi. This is because Delhi considers residence a crucial factor for claiming reservation benefits. There might be some ambiguity in this case. Ideally, for claiming a reservation benefit in a state, your SC certificate should be issued by that specific state's authority. I hope it helps!

For pursuing BPT , you need to appear for Neet.

Neet is National eligibility cum entrance test. It is thf b9ggest entrsncd test of India.

Neet is mandatory for various medical courses including mbbs, bpt, bds, bhms, bams, Ayush and even veterinary science.

Eligibility for appearing Neet

The candidate must be an Indian

The candidate must have completed 17 years of age. There is no upper age limit.

The student must havd passed class xii with 50% marks in physics, chemistry and biology .

To get more information. You must visit the link given below

https://medicine.careers360.com/articles/neet-eligibility-criteria

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Completing your 12th standard and deciding on a career path in the medical field can be exciting! There's an extensive range of medical courses available in India, offering diverse specializations and career opportunities within the healthcare sector.

Top Medical Courses after 12th to Consider

Here's a breakdown of the most popular and rewarding medical courses you can pursue after completing your 12th with the science stream (Physics, Chemistry, Biology):

Bachelors of Optometry (B.Optom):

Bachelor of Optometry is one of the best and valuable medical courses to pursue after the 12th. The course offers the students a complete understanding of the functions of the human eye. It covers various procedures and techniques imperative for diagnosing and treating visual issues and ensuring optimal eye health. With this course, gain expertise in examining eyes, prescribing corrective lenses, and managing eye diseases.

Course Duration: 4 years
Eligibility: 12th Pass or equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry & Biology, with a minimum aggregate of 40% marks
Additional Benefits: Addresses the growing need for eyecare specialists, with scope for private practice.
Course Curriculum: Ocular anatomy and physiology, optics, contact lenses, vision therapy, etc.
Exams Accepted: College-specific or state-level entrance exams.
Regulation Body: Optometry Council of India (OCI) (formation in progress)
Average Fees: INR 1-4 Lakhs (approx., varies by institution)
Average Salary: INR 3-8 Lakhs per annum
Higher Education: Master of Optometry (M.Optom)
Job Profiles: Optometrist, Vision Therapist, Low Vision Specialist, Ophthalmic Assistant

Bachelor of Science in Medical Lab Technology (B.Sc. MLT):

BSc. MLT is a graduate program focusing on the study related to medical laboratory technology. The course syllabus includes biochemistry, hematology, microbiology and immunology. In this course, students learn to analyse samples, conduct diagnostic tests and operate lab equipment. The medical lab technologist plays a pivotal role in patient care by assisting in the diagnosis of diseases.

Course Duration: 3 years
Additional Benefits: Vital role in diagnosing diseases, supporting doctors' treatment decisions, and aiding in medical research.
Course Curriculum: Biochemistry, microbiology, hematology, immunology, clinical pathology, etc.
Minimum Age: 17 years (for most institutions)
Exams Accepted: Institution-specific or state-level entrance exams.
Number of Seats: (Data unavailable – it varies greatly)
Number of Colleges: A wide network of colleges throughout India.
Regulation Body: Allied Health Professional Councils of respective states
Average Fees: INR 50,000 - 3 Lakhs (approx., varies by institution)
Average Salary: INR 3-5 Lakhs per annum (starting)
Higher Education: M.Sc. in Medical Lab Technology, PhD MLT
Job Profiles: Medical Lab Technician, Lab Technologist, Blood Bank Technician, Research Associate

Bachelors of Science in Nursing:

BSc. Nursing is one of the most recognised courses in the medical field. The course prepares students in critical care to become skilled and compassionate nurses. Values necessary to have a successful career as a nurse or midwife are instilled in this course program. The course curriculum includes nursing theory, medical sciences, patient care and practical clinical experience. Graduates are trained to provide healthcare services, assist doctors in medical settings and administer medications. If you want to be in the medical field and are passionate about caregiving, BSc. Nursing is definitely for you.

Duration: 4 years
Eligibility: 12th pass with science (PCB) with aggregate of 45% marks
Additional Benefits: Nurses are in high demand, ensuring job security, and offer opportunities for career growth through specialization.
Course Curriculum: Anatomy, physiology, nursing principles, pharmacology, community health, mental health nursing, etc.
Exams Accepted: Institution-specific entrance exams, state-level nursing entrance exams, or national exams like NEET-UG.
Number of Seats: Varies greatly across institutions.
Number of Colleges: A wide network of nursing colleges throughout India, both public and private.
Regulation Body: Indian Nursing Council (INC)
Average Fees: INR 1-5 Lakhs (approx., varies by institution, government colleges are often less expensive)
Average Salary: INR 3-6 Lakhs per annum (starting, can increase with experience, specialization, and location)
Institutes in India: Top institutes include AIIMS Delhi, CMC Vellore, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER Pondicherry, etc.
Higher Education: M.Sc. Nursing (specializations in critical care, pediatrics, oncology, etc.), Post Basic B.Sc. Nursing (for those with diploma qualifications) & PhD in Nursing
Job Profiles: Staff Nurse (hospitals, clinics, community health centers), Critical Care Nurse, Operation Theatre Nurse, Nursing Educator, Nurse Researcher & Nursing Administrator

Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS):

MBBS is one of the most sought-after courses in the medical field after 12th. This undergraduate program trains students in the fields of medicine and surgery. The MBBS degree is globally recognised as the standard qualification for physicians and medical professionals. It gives students a thorough understanding of medicine and practical skills by combining the study of surgery and medicine. In addition to other topics, students study pharmacology, anatomy, pathology, and physiology. It's an essential step on the path to getting a medical licence. Under this course, aspirants can secure designations like surgeons, physicians, medical officers, etc.

Course Duration: 5.5 years (including internship)
Eligibility: Minimum 50% in 12th with Physics, Chemistry, Biology (PCB). Qualifying NEET exam.
Additional Benefits: Prestigious degree, wide array of specializations for higher studies.
Course Curriculum: Anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, community medicine, etc.
Minimum Age 17 years
Exam Accepted NEET-UG
Number of Seats Approx. 83,000+
Number of Colleges Approx. 596+
Regulation Body National Medical Commission (NMC)
Average Fees: INR 10,000 - 6 Lakhs (government); INR 20 Lakhs - 1 Crore+ (private)
Average Salary: INR 5-10 Lakhs/annum (starting)
Institutes in India: AIIMS Delhi, CMC Vellore, JIPMER Pondicherry, etc.
Higher Education: MD, MS, DM, MCh
Job Profile: Doctor, Surgeon, Researcher

Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)

BDs is an undergraduate program that focuses on dental health and surgery. The course curriculum covers radiology, oral anatomy, periodontics, orthodontics and more. The course trains students to become skilful dentists who diagnose and treat oral health problems, perform surgeries, and ensure optimal oral health for patients. Students study dentures, dental surgery, and dental issues during this course.

Course Duration: 5 years
Eligibility: Minimum 50% in 12th with PCB, qualifying NEET exam.
Additional Benefits: Specialize in oral healthcare, good earning potential, private practice options.
Course Curriculum: Dental anatomy, oral pathology, prosthodontics, etc.
Minimum Age: 17 years
Exam Accepted: NEET-UG
Number of Seats: Approx. 26,000+
Number of Colleges: 300+
Regulation Body: Dental Council of India (DCI)
Average Fees: INR 1 Lakh - 20 Lakhs
Average Salary: INR 4 -10 Lakhs/annum (starting)
Institutes in India: Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, etc.
Higher Education: MDS
Job Profile: Dentist, Oral Surgeon, Public Health Specialist

Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS)

Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine deep dives into traditional Indian medicine, which uses herbs and natural plant extracts as medication. This program is created to familiarise students with the profound ideas of Ayurveda and provide them with the tools to use these ideas when treating patients. The students explore herbs while understanding diet and lifestyle practices to treat the patients.

Course Duration: 5.5 years
Eligibility: Minimum 50% in 12th with PCB, qualify relevant entrance exams.
Additional Benefits: Focus on traditional Indian medicine and holistic healing.
Course Curriculum: Ayurveda principles, herbal medicine, Sanskrit, etc.
Exam Accepted: NEET-UG in most states, state-level exams
Number of Seats: Approx 41,000+
Number of Colleges: 480+
Regulation Body: Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)
Average Fees: INR 50,000 - 3 Lakhs
Average Salary: INR 5-8 Lakhs/annum (starting)
Institutes in India: BHU-IMS Varanasi, National Institute of Ayurveda Jaipur, etc.
Higher Education: MD (Ayurveda)
Job Profile: Ayurvedic physician, Researcher, Consultant

Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharma)

Bachelor of Pharmacy, also known as B. Pharma, is an undergraduate program focusing on pharmaceutical sciences. The study includes learning about drug formulation, composition, development and its impact on human health. It’s an ideal course for individuals interested in building a career in drug testing, different medicines, medicine dosage and more. The curriculum covers subjects like pharmacology, pharmaceutical technology and medicinal chemistry. After completing the course, individuals can contribute to the healthcare industry and pharmaceutical field by becoming pharmacists.

Eligibility: Minimum 50% in 12th grade with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Mathematics.
Additional Benefits: Opportunities beyond retail pharmacy; work in research, pharmaceuticals, and quality control sectors.
Course Curriculum: Pharmaceutics, pharmacology, chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis, etc.
Exams Accepted: State-level pharmacy entrance tests, college-specific exams.
Regulation Body: Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
Average Fees: INR 1-5 Lakhs (approx., varies by institution)
Average Salary: INR 3-6 Lakhs per annum (starting)
Institutes in India: Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, NIPERs, Jamia Hamdard, etc.
Higher Education: M.Pharm, Pharm D, PhD Pharmacy
Job Profiles: Retail Pharmacist, Drug Inspector, Research Scientist, Hospital Pharmacist, Quality Control Analyst

Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT):

A bachelor's degree in physiotherapy is an undergraduate program emphasising physical therapy and rehabilitation to treat illnesses and impairments and enhance general health. Students develop knowledge of anatomy, physiology, modalities, and therapeutic activities that help people regain mobility and improve their quality of life. The purpose of a BPT course is to prepare students for careers as professional physiotherapists by providing them with specialised education in the field of physiotherapy.

Course Duration: 4.5 years (including internship)
Eligibility: Minimum 50% in 12th with Physics, Chemistry, Biology.
Additional Benefits: Help patients regain mobility, manage pain, and prevent long-term disabilities. Offers a blend of science and compassion.
Course Curriculum: Anatomy, physiology, kinesiology, exercise therapy, electrotherapy, rehabilitation techniques, etc.
Regulation Body: Indian Association of Physiotherapists (IAP)
Institutes in India: CMC Vellore, JIPMER Pondicherry, National Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, etc.
Higher Education: MPT (specializations in orthopedics, neurology, sports, etc.), PhD
Job Profiles: Physiotherapist, Sports Physiotherapist, Rehabilitation Specialist, Consultant

Bachelors of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc. & AH):

A bachelor's degree in veterinary science and animal husbandry is ideal for candidates who love animals and wish to work for or own an organisation that breeds and cares for animals. Animal Husbandry mainly focuses on the Agricultural practice of raising and breeding livestock. In contrast, veterinary science aims to offer the knowledge needed to treat, nourish, and breed animals. A veterinarian ensures animals' overall well-being, treats disease in animals, and performs surgeries.

Eligibility: Minimum 50% in 12th grade with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.
Additional Benefits: Broader focus on livestock management and production, opening doors in related industries.
Course Curriculum: Builds on B.V.Sc with additional subjects like animal husbandry, nutrition, farm management, etc.
Exams Accepted: State-level veterinary entrance tests, NEET-UG (for some colleges).
Regulation Body: Veterinary Council of India (VCI)
Average Fees: INR 2-10 Lakhs (approx., varies by institution, government colleges are less expensive)
Average Salary: INR 4-8 Lakhs per annum (starting, can be higher with experience)
Institutes in India: Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), etc.
Higher Education: Master of Veterinary Science (MVSc - with specializations), PhD
Job Profiles: Veterinarian, Animal Husbandry Officer, Livestock Development Officer, Entrepreneur (poultry, dairy, etc.)

Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery (BHMS):

Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery is one of the most preferred career options after 12th. BHMS explores the world of holistic healing. This course uses alternative medicine system to diagnose and treat various illness. Homoeopathy aims to stimulate the body's natural healing abilities using minute doses of natural substances.

Course Duration: 5.5 years (including a 1-year internship)
Additional Benefits: Offers a non-invasive treatment approach focused on stimulating the body's natural healing abilities.
Course Curriculum: Homeopathic philosophy, organon of medicine, anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, surgery, etc.
Exams Accepted: NEET-UG, state-level AYUSH entrance exams.
Number of Seats: Limited (varies by college)
Number of Colleges: A network of homeopathy colleges across India.
Regulation Body: Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH)
Average Fees: INR 1-5 Lakhs (approx., varies by institution, government colleges are less expensive)
Average Salary: INR 3-6 Lakhs per annum (starting, can increase with experience and private practice)
Institutes in India: National Institute of Homoeopathy (NIH) Kolkata, Dr. B.R. Sur Homoeopathic Medical College - Delhi, etc.
Higher Education: MD (Homeopathy), PhD
Job Profiles: Homeopathic Doctor (private practice, government clinics), Researcher, Lecturer, Consultant

Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery (BUMS):

Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery is a medical program studying the Unani medicine and surgery field. Unani medicine is a traditional medicinal system connected with Greek, Persian and Arabic medicine. The student learns to diagnose and treat diseases using dietary modifications, natural herbs and holistic practices.

Eligibility: Minimum 50% in 12th grade with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Proficiency in Urdu is often preferred.
Additional Benefits: Focuses on disease prevention and health promotion through a holistic approach using natural remedies.
Course Curriculum: Unani principles, anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, preventive medicine, surgery, etc.
Average Salary: INR 3-6 Lakhs per annum (starting, can increase with experience)
Institutes in India: National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM) Bangalore, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College - Aligarh, etc.
Higher Education: MD (Unani), PhD in Unani medicine
Job Profiles: Unani Physician, Researcher, Lecturer, Consultant, Formulation Expert (herbal products)

Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery (BSMS):

Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery or BSMS is an undergraduate program covering medicine following AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa and Homoeopathy) medical system. The course focuses on the traditional Siddha medical practices in association with allopathic medicine. Various health concerns related to the seven elements of plasma, blood, fat, muscle, nerve, bone and semen are treated using dietary recommendations, herbal remedies and particular treatment procedures.

Additional Benefits: Ancient medical system originated in South India, using herbal and mineral-based therapies.
Course Curriculum: Siddha principles, anatomy, physiology, pathology, herbal pharmacology, toxicology, etc.
Institutes in India: National Institute of Siddha (NIS) Chennai, Government Siddha Medical College - Chennai, etc.
Higher Education: MD (Siddha), PhD Siddha
Job Profiles: Siddha Physician, Researcher, Lecturer, Consultant

Let Your Passion Guide You

Choosing the right medical course depends on your interests, skills, and career goals. Research thoroughly, explore various specializations, and align your passion with the opportunities this diverse field offers!

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Study Abroad

Medical Courses After 12th in US

Universities in USA

Updated on 18 September, 2023

Sr. Content editor

Did you know that the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) foresees employment in the healthcare industry to advance by 13% through 2031? This staggering growth is good news for students interested in pursuing medical courses. Medical courses in the USA after 12th include various options, from traditional degrees to specialized programs in various healthcare disciplines. Studying medical courses in the USA after 12th provides access to world-class education , multiple specialization options to suit your interests, and a rewarding and fulfilling career in the healthcare sector.

1.bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (mbbs/md), 2. doctor of dental surgery (dds), 3. bachelor of nursing (bsc nursing), 4. bachelor of pharmacy (bpharm), 5. doctor of physiotherapy (dpt), 6. bachelor of biomedical sciences (bsc biomedical sciences), 7. bachelor of arts in medicine, science, and the humanities, 8. bachelor of public health sciences, biochemistry, english language proficiency.

So let's dive in and discover the top courses for medical students in the USA and the diverse, exciting opportunities that await aspiring medical students.

List of Top Medical Courses in the USA After 12th

Medical courses in the USA after the 12th are renowned for unleashing numerous opportunities for students keen to build their careers in the medical field. With leading medical colleges in the USA presenting various disciplines and specializations, it becomes even easier to determine your expertise in the medical field.

The Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS/MD) program is a highly sought-after course for students striving to become medical doctors. This course focuses on providing students with a comprehensive understanding of medical science and clinical practice. The MBBS/MD program covers general surgery, pathology, anatomy, physiology , and biochemistry subjects. Graduates can work as general practitioners or pursue further specialization in areas such as neurology, surgery, or general medicine .

Course Duration : The MBBS/MD program typically takes around 4-6 years to complete.

Job Prospects after MBBS/MD :

Medical Practitioner : Graduates of Medical Courses in the USA after 12th can work as medical practitioners in hospitals, clinics, or private practices.
Surgeon: Those interested in surgical procedures can specialize in various disciplines and become surgeons.
Medical Researcher: Pursue further studies to lead a career in medical research, contributing to advancements in healthcare.
Medical Educator: Graduates can choose to become medical educators and teach aspiring medical students.
Public Health Officer: Opportunities exist in the public health sector, working towards improving the health of communities.

Top Universities offering MBBS/MD medical courses in the USA after the 12th:

Harvard University
Johns Hopkins University
Columbia University

Average Salary : The average salary for a Medical Doctor post MBBS is 2,39,281 USD (Source: Glassdoor ) annually in the USA.

The Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) program educates students in advanced dental procedures and oral health care. This program prepares students to prevent, diagnose, and treat oral diseases and abnormalities. After completing the initial four years of medical courses in the USA after 12th for Indian students, one must complete a one-year internship. Graduates of the BDS program can work in dental hospitals, academic institutions, and research centers or start their own dental practice.

Course Duration : Four years of study + one-year internship.

Job Prospects after DDS :

Dentist: Graduates can work as dentists in their own clinics or join established dental practices.
Orthodontist: Specializing in orthodontics allows graduates to correct misaligned teeth and jaws.
Oral Surgeon: Those interested in surgical procedures can pursue a career as oral surgeons.
Dental Researcher: There are several prospects in dental research that contribute to advancements in oral healthcare.
Dental Educator: Graduates can become dental educators and teach aspiring dental students.

Test Universities for DDS medical courses in the USA after 12th:

University of Michigan
University of California , San Francisco
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Average Salary : A dentist's average salary is 221,031 USD (Source: Glassdoor ) annually in the USA.

One of the best courses in the USA after 12th non-medical is the Bachelor of Nursing ( BSc Nursing ). It is for individuals passionate about patient care and nursing practice. This course focuses on developing students' clinical skills, critical thinking abilities, and leadership qualities.

Course Duration : The BSc Nursing program is generally four years.

Job Prospects after BSN Nursing :

Registered Nurse: Graduates can work as registered nurses in hospitals, clinics, or other healthcare settings.
Nurse Educator: Those interested in teaching can become nurse educators, training future generations of nurses.
Nurse Practitioner: Pursuing further studies can lead to becoming a nurse practitioner, providing advanced healthcare services.
Nurse Researcher: Opportunities exist in nursing research, contributing to evidence-based practice.
Nurse Administrator: Graduates can work in administrative roles, overseeing nursing departments and healthcare facilities.

Top Universities Offering BSN medical courses in the USA after 12th:

University of Pennsylvania
Duke University
Emory University
University of Washington

Average Salary : A registered nurse’s average salary is 92,112 USD (Source: Indeed) annually in the USA.

The Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) program is for students interested in pursuing a career in the pharmaceutical industry. This program covers pharmacology , medicinal chemistry , drug delivery systems, and pharmacy practice subjects.

Course Duration : The BPharm program typically takes four years to complete.

Job Prospects after BPharm :

Pharmacist: Graduates can work as pharmacists in retail pharmacies, hospitals, or pharmaceutical companies.
Clinical Pharmacist: Those interested in patient care can become clinical pharmacists and work directly with healthcare professionals to optimize medication therapy.
Pharmaceutical Researcher: Opportunities in pharmaceutical research for new drug development .
Pharmaceutical Sales Representative: Graduates can work in sales and marketing roles, promoting pharmaceutical products.
Regulatory Affairs Specialist: Graduates can work in regulatory affairs, ensuring compliance with laws and regulations in the pharmaceutical industry.

Top Universities in the USA for BPharm degree program:

University of California, San Francisco
University of Wisconsin-Madison

Average Salary : The average salary of a Pharmacist in the USA is 131,022 USD (Source: Indeed ) per year.

The Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) program centralizes training students in the field of physical therapy. This program prepares students to diagnose and treat movement dysfunctions and promote overall physical well-being. The curriculum covers subjects such as anatomy, physiology, kinesiology, and therapeutic exercise.

Course Duration : The course typically lasts for four years

Job Prospects after DPT :

Physiotherapist: Graduates can work as physiotherapists in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, or private practices.
Sports Physiotherapist: Those interested in sports medicine can specialize in sports physiotherapy, working with athletes to prevent and treat injuries.
Pediatric Physiotherapist: Work with children to improve their physical development and mobility.
Geriatric Physiotherapist: Graduates can work with elderly patients, helping them maintain or regain their independence and mobility.
Researcher: Pursuing further studies can lead to a career in physiotherapy research and evidence-based practice.

Top universities offering DPT medical courses in the USA after the 12th for Indian students:

University of Pittsburgh
University of Southern California
University of Delaware
University of Miami

Average Salary : The average salary of a DPT in the USA is 75,000 USD (Source: Pay scale ) per year.

The Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences (BSc Biomedical Sciences ) program is the study of human health, disease, and medical research. This course gives a strong foundation in the biological and medical sciences and prepares them for careers in research, healthcare, or higher studies.

Course Duration : The BSc Biomedical Sciences program is normally four years.

Job Prospects after BSc Biomedical Sciences:

Medical Researcher: Graduates can work as medical researchers, conducting studies to advance medical knowledge.
Biomedical Scientist: Those interested in laboratory work can become biomedical scientists, analyzing samples and conducting experiments.
Healthcare Consultant: Graduates can work as healthcare consultants, advising organizations on medical and scientific matters.
Biotechnology Specialist: Take higher studies in the biotechnology industry to develop new therapies and treatments.

Top universities offering BSc Biomedical Sciences best courses in USA after 12th non-medical students:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Average Salary : The average annual salary for a Biomedical Scientist is 79,954 USD (Source: Payscale ).

The Bachelor of Arts in Medicine, Science, and the Humanities program is a unique interdisciplinary course that combines medical, scientific, and humanities subjects. This course provides students with a well-rounded education, fostering a deep understanding of the social, cultural, and ethical aspects of medicine.

Course Duration : The duration of this program varies depending on the university and specific curriculum.

Job Prospects after Bachelor of Arts in Medicine, Science, and the Humanities :

Healthcare Policy Analyst: Graduates can work as healthcare policy analysts, analyzing healthcare systems and policies.
Medical Writer: Those with strong communication skills can become medical writers and create content for healthcare publications and organizations.
Medical Humanities Educator: Become medical humanities educators, teaching subjects that bridge the gap between medicine and the humanities.
Healthcare Administrator: Graduates can work in administrative roles within healthcare organizations and manage operations and resources.

Universities for bachelor of arts in medicine, science, and the humanities best courses in USA after 12th non-medical students:

The University of Texas

Average Salary : The average annual salary of a Healthcare Administrator is 77,249 USD (Source: Payscale ).

The Bachelor of Public Health Sciences program is another one of the best courses in the USA after 12th non-medical. It is a multidisciplinary course with a broad understanding of various aspects of healthcare. This course covers topics such as healthcare management , health policy, public health, and healthcare technology.

Course Duration: The duration of the BHS program is typically four years.

Job Prospects after BPHS:

Healthcare Manager: Graduates can work as healthcare managers, overseeing the operations of healthcare facilities.
Health Educator: Those interested in promoting health and wellness can become health educators, providing education and resources to communities.
Healthcare Consultant: Graduates can work as healthcare consultants, advising organizations on healthcare strategies and improvements.
Healthcare IT Specialist: Pursue further studies in healthcare technology and become a healthcare IT specialist to manage and implement technology solutions in healthcare settings.

Here are the leading universities for BHS degree medical courses in USA after the 12th for Indian students:

Average Salary : The average annual salary of a Bachelor of Science (BS / BSc) in Public Health (PH) is 62,000 USD(Source: Pay scale ).

Eligibility Requirements for Medical Students in the USA

To be eligible for medical school in the USA, applicants must fulfill specific academic prerequisites:

Applicants must complete one year of biology with labs. One year of advanced study is required if an undergraduate college accepts Advanced Placement (AP) credit for the introductory-level biology requirement. This additional year should include at least one semester of the lab, with two semesters recommended.

One year of physics with one semester of the lab is required. If an undergraduate college accepts AP credit for the introductory-level physics requirement, no further coursework in physics is necessary.

Two years of chemistry are required, including one year of organic chemistry, both with labs. If an undergraduate college accepts AP credit for introductory-level chemistry, no additional upper-level chemistry coursework is needed beyond organic chemistry.

Applicants should have completed at least one semester of biochemistry. While a lab is recommended, it is not mandatory.

The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is a standardized test that all applicants must take. The MCAT assesses an applicant's knowledge and skills in biology, chemistry, physics, psychology , and critical analysis. The average MCAT score required is usually 511.

Academic excellence is expected from medical school applicants. There are no specific minimum grade point average (GPA) or MCAT score requirements, but applicants should aim for high grades, particularly in scientific courses. The Admissions Committees look for applicants who have received a combination of As and Bs in scientific courses, with more As than Bs.

Applicants must demonstrate their English language proficiency during the application process in the form of IELTS , TOEFL , or PTE . The required IELTS score usually ranges from 6.5-7.0.

Are these medical courses limited to students who have completed their 12th grade in the USA?

No, these medical courses are open to both domestic and international students who meet the eligibility criteria.

How can I improve my chances of getting into a top university for these medical courses?

To improve your chances of getting into a top university, focus on maintaining a high GPA, clear the MCAT entrance test, and submit strong letters of recommendation and personal statements.

Can I pursue postgraduate studies after completing these bachelor's courses in the medical field?

Yes, after completing your bachelor's degree, you can pursue postgraduate studies in specialized areas of the medical field, such as medicine, public health, or healthcare administration.

Neha Uppal is a passionate content creator and editor. She carries 7.5+ years of experience working with leading edutech companies where she worked as a Faculty, Community Manager, and Content Marketeer. At upGrad, she is helping out people keep informed about the scopes and opportunities of studying abroad via informational articles/blogs.

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Medical Courses After 12th Class: A Guide To Choosing The Right Career

If you're passionate about science, healthcare, and helping others, the world of medical courses after 12th class offers a wealth of rewarding opportunities. Completing your 12th-class exams is a huge milestone! It also marks the beginning of exciting decisions about your future path.

Choosing the right course can sometimes feel overwhelming. There are many fascinating options, from becoming a doctor or dentist to specialising in laboratory technology or physiotherapy. How do you find the area that aligns with your interests and strengths?

Whether you're a student searching for direction or a parent supporting your child's aspirations, let's explore the diverse range of medical courses available after 12th grade. We'll cover:

Popular choices: The most in-demand medical fields and their career prospects.
Matching your interests: How to find a course that aligns with your skills and passions.
Eligibility and admissions: Understanding the requirements for different courses.

Healthcare is a dynamic and ever-evolving field. By exploring and researching, you'll discover the perfect medical course to kickstart a fulfilling and meaningful career journey.

Quick Medical Courses After 12th Class Highlights

Why do students study medical courses after 12th class.

Medical courses are among a student's most challenging yet rewarding paths. They require dedication, hard work, and a genuine passion for science and the human body. So, why do students embark on this demanding journey? Here are some compelling reasons:

The Desire to Help Others

A deep-seated desire to make a difference in people's lives draws many students to medicine. Doctors, nurses, therapists, and other healthcare professionals have the unique privilege of easing suffering, restoring health, and improving quality of life.

Intellectual Challenge:

Medical courses delve into the intricate workings of the human body, disease processes, and cutting-edge treatments. Those interested in biology, chemistry, and problem-solving can find a lifetime of intellectual stimulation in medicine.

Diverse Career Paths

The field of medicine is vast! Students can specialise in countless areas, from surgery and paediatrics to research and public health. This diversity allows individuals to find their perfect niche within healthcare.

Job Security and Growth

The demand for healthcare professionals is consistently high, offering job security and opportunities for advancement. Medical careers can be financially rewarding, providing a comfortable living.

Respect and Recognition

Healthcare workers are highly respected members of society. Their knowledge and skills are valued, and their contributions to the community are deeply appreciated.

Personal Growth

Medical courses push students to their limits, fostering resilience, critical thinking, and teamwork. The experiences gained in a medical career shape individuals into compassionate and well-rounded professionals.

While the path is demanding, the rewards of a medical career are immeasurable. Medical courses after 12th class could be the perfect fit if you have a passion for science, a desire to help others, and the determination to succeed.

Medical Courses Scholarship Particulars

National Overseas Scholarship for SC/ST Students: This scholarship assists students from Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in pursuing medical programs (and other higher studies) abroad.
Central Sector Scheme of Scholarships for College and University Students: This scheme offers financial support to deserving students from low-income backgrounds, including those pursuing medical courses.
State-Specific Scholarships: Many individual states in India have their scholarship programs for medical students. Researching your state's education department website is a great place to find these opportunities.
HDFC Educational Crisis Scholarship Support (ECSS): This scholarship aids students who have lost a parent or primary earning member of their family, including those in medical programs.
Foundation for Academic Excellence and Access (FAEA): FAEA offers scholarships to deserving students from underprivileged backgrounds across various disciplines, including medicine.
Corporate Scholarships: Many companies offer scholarships as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Some of these may specifically support medical students.
Pre-Matric Scholarship Scheme: For students from minority communities in classes 1-10.
Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme: For students from minority communities in classes 11-12 and beyond.
Merit-cum-Means Based Scholarship Scheme: For professional and technical courses at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels for students from minority communities.
Dr Manmohan Singh Scholarships: With this scholarship program, the University Grants Commission (UGC) explicitly targets students from economically underprivileged minority communities in states like Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, and Manipur. Medical students who satisfy the eligibility conditions may receive financial support under this scheme.
Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY): KVPY is a prestigious national-level scholarship program that encourages students with an aptitude for science to pursue introductory science courses and research careers. While not explicitly focused on medical courses, KVPY can be a stepping stone for students interested in pursuing medical research after their undergraduate studies.
INSPIRE Scholarship: The INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research) scheme aims to attract talented youth towards scientific research. It offers scholarships and mentorship opportunities at various levels. Medical students interested in a research-oriented career path might benefit from the INSPIRE program.

Which Medical Courses After 12th Class Are Available at CGC Jhanjeri?

B.Sc. Nutrition and Dietetics: This course focuses on the science of food and nutrition and its impact on health. Professionals in this field design meal plans and offer dietary counselling. They also work in hospitals, wellness centres, and food-related industries.

B.Sc. Medical Lab Science : This course trains students in laboratory procedures, analysing blood, tissues, and fluids to diagnose diseases. Medical lab scientists are crucial in healthcare, working in hospitals, diagnostic labs, and research settings.

B.Sc. Medical Lab Science (LEET): Designed for diploma holders, this course allows lateral entry into B.Sc. Medical Lab Science offers the same career path with an accelerated timeline.

B.Sc. Forensic Science: This course blends science and investigation, teaching how to collect, analyse, and interpret evidence at crime scenes. Forensic scientists help solve crimes, working in law enforcement and forensic laboratories.

B. Optometry: This course focuses on eye health, examining eyes, prescribing corrective lenses, and treating vision disorders. Optometrists work in eye clinics, hospitals, and optical stores.

B.Sc. Biotechnology: This course studies using living organisms and technology to create products and solutions. Biotechnologists work in research labs, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture, developing new medicines and improving crops.

B.Sc. Medical Technology and Anaesthesia & Operation Theatre: This course trains students to assist in operating rooms, administer anaesthesia, maintain equipment, and ensure patient safety. Anaesthesia technicians are vital to hospital surgical procedures.

B.Sc. Radiology and Imaging Technology: This course teaches how to use equipment like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans to produce images for diagnosing diseases. Radiology technicians work in hospitals and diagnostic centres.

In conclusion, choosing medical courses after 12th class is a pivotal decision that shapes your future career trajectory. This guide has provided a comprehensive overview of the various medical courses available, highlighting their durations, fees, job prospects, and average salaries. From nutrition and dietetics to physiotherapy, medicine offers diverse and rewarding paths for those passionate about science and healthcare.

Additionally, scholarship opportunities have been outlined to support aspiring medical professionals in pursuing their educational goals. Therefore, CGC Jhanjeri is now accepting applications for any of the abovementioned courses.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q. Which medical course is best after 12th?

Ans. The best medical courses after 12th class vary based on interests and career goals. Popular options include MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BHMS, BUMS, and Allied Health Sciences courses.

Q. Which medical course is 1 year?

Ans. Several one-year short-term medical courses, such as certificate courses in Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT), Radiology, Nursing Assistant, and Emergency Medical Technician (EMT), are available.

Q. Can I study medicine without NEET?

Ans. Yes, certain medical courses, such as B.Sc. Nursing, B.Sc. Paramedical, and Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT), can be pursued without NEET qualification.

Q. What are the jobs after 12th medical students?

Ans. Job opportunities for medical students after the 12th include medical assistant, healthcare assistant, lab technician, radiology technician, and pharmacy assistant roles.

Q. Can we do BSc without NEET?

Ans. Yes, several B.Sc. courses, such as B.Sc. Nursing, B.Sc. Paramedical Sciences, and B.Sc. Allied Health Sciences can be pursued without appearing for the NEET.

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Different Medical Courses After 12th

Updated on
Apr 25, 2023

The moment you enter class 12th, your mind floods with stress and anxiety hit you hard when the thought of what career to opt for, crosses your head. In this fast-paced world, where more and more diseases are being discovered, medical science is one of those industries that will always thrive globally. If you are one who worries about the health and well-being of every individual and is intrigued by the human anatomy, then a career in Medical science is just for you. Students belonging to PCB or PCMB (Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology) category, prepare for NEET and other entrance exams to secure a seat in the college of their dreams. Read on to know the various Medical courses after 12th and top universities across the globe for the same.

Must Read: Medical Entrance Exams

This Blog Includes:

Best medical courses after 12th, bsc medical courses after 12th, paramedical courses, best universities.

With the increase in competition in regional colleges, many students have started taking up the pathway of study abroad . Whether it be the quality of the course or the exposure, universities and courses abroad shape individuals into professionals. Given below is the list of top medical courses after the 12th that you must consider:

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS)

MBBS is a collective term for two degrees, a Bachelor of Medicine and a Bachelor of Surgery. One of the most popular and internationally accepted medical courses after 12th, which gives the students a thorough understanding of human anatomy, the treatment of individual ailments and being well-versed with the rationale behind the drugs and treatments.

Bachelor of Pharmacy or BPharm

It is a four-year undergraduate degree that builds a strong understanding of the fields like Biology, Chemistry, Physiology, and Anatomy while putting professional skills to practice. Bachelor of Pharmacy aims to produce qualified professionals having basic and advanced knowledge of various areas of medical science such as pharmaceutical care, pharmaceutical analysis, production and manufacturing of medical products, patient-centred pharmacotherapy, etc.

Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)

The main focus of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS ) lies in the training of students with advanced knowledge and understanding related to dental practices in general. They work in order to prevent, diagnose and treat oral diseases. This 4 to 5-year dentistry program is the most sought-after course after MBBS. Upon graduating with this bachelor’s degree, graduates will be high in demand across various industries like dental product manufacturers, research institutes, clinical practice, dental hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, university professors and so on

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSc Nursing)

This is one of those 3 to 4-year medical courses after the 12th that develops caring and proactive nurses who are adaptable, ethical clinicians and critical thinkers. This program trains the students for handling a range of medical healthcare tasks. Providing a number of employment opportunities, BSc Nursing helps students with clinical placements in areas such as community nursing, aged care, mental health, palliative nursing, paediatrics, medical or surgical nursing and so on.

Bachelor of Speech and Language Pathology

Bachelor of Speech and Language Pathology (BSLP) is a 4-year long program which offers students with required skills and knowledge to treat a number of people suffering from speech, hearing and balance disorders. This undergraduate medical course is one of the most highly regarded professional degrees and gives a strong focus on the practical aspect of learning. Click here to know more.

Bachelor of Veterinary Science

Spanning between 3 to 5 years, this course provides the students with intensive theoretical and practical knowledge to apply diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to all animal groups. Equine Clinic, Veterinary Biotechnology, Animal Production & Reproduction, and Biodiversity & Environment are some areas of study for most of the Veterinary courses . Additionally, the final years of the program would be spent in the clinical apprenticeship and gaining exceptional knowledge of Medicine, Radiology, Surgery, and Anaesthesia.

Apart from the aforementioned ones, here are some of the major Bachelor of Science or BSc degree programmes for Medical courses after the 12th:

BSc Occupational Therapy
BSc Chemistry
BSc Biology
BSc Environmental Science
BSc Anthropology
BSc Zoology
BSc Horticulture
BSc Radiology
BSc Biochemistry
BSc Biotechnology
BSc Genetics
BSc Audiology
BFSc Fisheries Science
BSc Health Science & Nutrition
BSc Microbiology
BSc Bioinformatics

Take a look at more programmes at the BSc Courses List !

If you are planning to explore the healthcare sector but without opting for an extensive medical degree, take a look at the top Paramedical courses after the 12th:

Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology (DMLT)
Diploma in Physiotherapy
Diploma in Operation Theatre Technology (DOTT)
Diploma in Audiology and Speech Therapy
Diploma in ECG Technology
Diploma in Anaesthesia Technology
BASLP Course
Bachelor of Occupational Therapy
BSc in Operation Theatre Technology
BSc in Ophthalmic Technology
BSc in X-Ray Technology
BSc in Audiology
BSc in Speech Therapy
BSc in Optometry
BSc in Radiography and Medical Imaging
BSc in Medical Record Technology
BSc in Medical Laboratory Technology
Bachelor of Physiotherapy
Operation Theatre Assistant
Dialysis Technician
X-Ray/Radiology Assistant (or Technician)
Medical Laboratory Assistant
Nursing Care Assistant (Certificate)

Check out more such courses on Paramedical Courses List !

The need for trained medical professionals is increasing all over the world. Due to this, many universities offer an array of degree programs at different levels to students. Given below are the best colleges for studying Medical courses after the 12th.

Harvard University
University of Oxford
University of Cambridge
Stanford University
Karolinska Institute
Yale University
University of California, Los Angeles
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University College London

BSc in Nursing, BSc in Biotechnology, Bachelor of Physiotherapy, Bachelor of Pharmacy, BSc Psychology, BSc in Biomedical Science, and many more are among the top medical courses without NEET.

What are the best-paying BSc courses? BSc Biochemistry, BSc Computer Science, BSc Agriculture, BSc Nursing, BSc Information Technology, BSc Biotechnology, and more top-paying BSc courses are listed here. Is a BSc course a decent option after 12th grade? There are numerous job opportunities available after the 12th grade.

JEE will get you into one of India’s top colleges, whilst NEET will get you into a medical college. The third distinction is that JEE gives higher weightage to Maths, whilst NEET gives it to Biology.

We hope this blog provided you with all the details pertaining to various Medical Courses after the 12th. If you are planning to study medicine right after school, but do not know where to start from, we at Leverage Edu come to your rescue. Our expert counsellors and mentors can provide you with the best career counselling and guidance at each step towards a successful career. Book your free 30-minute session with us now!

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Courses After 12th For Becoming A Research Scientist In India - Colleges, Admission Process, And Career Prospects

May 06, 2021

For many students, science has always been the subject of attraction. The various fields of science have always been the focal point for them. And if these things arise a sense of excitement in you, you can choose to become a scientist. A scientist studies and gains knowledge and skills about different parts of physical or natural science.

Scientists involve themselves in different fields to explore and invent new things. Students having an interest in biology can become botanists. Those who find the history of earth interesting can become a geologist. Also, students who love the sea and underwater animals and plants can become a marine biologist. As you can see there are a lot of options in the science field becoming a scientist can definitely be very beneficial for a student. Let’s see about the courses to opt for, colleges and admissions, and also about the career options.

Courses to become a scientist:

If a student wants to be a scientist, preparing early is the best thing. After the 12th examination, they must think and wisely choose a field of specialization that they want to be a scientist. For a bachelor’s degree, a student can think about subjects like – Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geology, Astronomy, Social sciences, etc. Also, students can choose different degrees like – B.Sc., B.Tech., B.Pharama, etc in specialized fields. After the completion of a bachelor’s degree, a student has to pursue a master’s degree in the same field.

A student can apply for a Ph.D. level after they have completed the master’s degree in the specialized fields. Also, if a student wants to be a scientist, especially NASA, they have to opt for science, technology, engineering, and Mathematics centered education.

Eligibility criteria to become a scientist:

A student completing their 10+2 final examination with a science background is eligible to apply for any science streams in UG courses. The students need to pass the exams from any recognized board with a satisfactory percentage. In some cases, the colleges arrange an entrance exam for admission which the candidates must pass.

And for further studies in PG courses, candidates must complete their bachelor’s degree in a science field with minimum percentage criteria. The other criteria are –

• Candidates should complete their bachelor’s degree with at least 60% marks.

• They must have various subjects in the science field.

• In PG courses, they must score a minimum of 65% in specialized scientific fields.

• Then they can opt for a Ph.D. degree in that particular subject.

Top colleges offering courses to become a scientist:

In India, there are a lot of well-known and reputed colleges providing the best quality of education in science fields. These courses help the students to pursue their dreams of becoming a scientist. Some of the best colleges regarding these courses are –

· Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)

· Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER)

· National Institute of Technology (NIT)

· Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)

· Indian Institute of Science (IISc)

· Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai

Admission process:

There are two different ways of the admission process. Some colleges take admission on the basis of the marks scored by a student in their 12th final exams in science subjects. While some colleges and universities hold their admission tests at the state or national level to select aspiring candidates.

Students who qualify for the entrance exams can get admission to the desired colleges. Some colleges take personal interviews or group discussions after the entrance tests. Institutes like – IITs take admission through JEE Mains and JEE Advanced exams which are held on a national level.

Career scope as a scientist:

As you can see there are a lot of areas of science that a student can explore. Becoming a scientist does not mean you have to only study physics or maths. If you love biology, you can pioneer a lot of new things related to nature. Some major roles that you can take as a career option as a scientist are –

Astronomer:

They study and explore new planets, stars, and galaxies. They observe keenly the movement of objects on our planet or from any other planets.

These scientists observe nature closely and discover about the structure, growth, evaluation, etc. about plants and flowers. A student loving biology can choose a career as a botanist. They can also go for various options under this field like – Chemical Biology, Plant Ecology, and Plant Taxonomy.

A geologist gathers knowledge about the Earth and other terrestrial planets. They examine different states of a matter, i.e., liquid, solid, and gaseous substance. Geologists study the Earth’s history. They also examine the tectonic movements, earthquakes, etc. to know about the matters of the Earth.

Microbiologist:

Microbiology is one of the important parts of science. Microbiologists deal with the evaluation of plants and animals. They study the organisms that are helpful and harmful to nature. Also, they work for the agricultural and industrial benefits.

There are many other options that a student can choose –

· Ethologist

· Agronomist

· Epidemiologist

· Meteorologist

· Paleontologist

· Marine Biologist

· Ecologist

· Food Scientist

· Seismologist

· Neuroscientists etc.

Salary as a scientist:

The salary that a scientist will get depends on a lot of things. For example – academic qualification, working experience, working area, organizations, and companies, etc. If a student gets hired in IITs or IISc as a scientist, they can earn up to Rs. 5 lakhs to Rs. 6 lakhs in a year for the initial days.

Other than these institutes, many other organizations and companies hire scientists for their benefit and give them a decent amount of salary at least starting from Rs. 60,000/-. Candidates can get jobs in some of these organizations –

• Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

• Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

• Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)

• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

• Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES)

• Indian Association for Cultivation of Science (IACS)

• Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)

• National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS)

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

• Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)

• International Flavors & Fragrances India Ltd

So, we have discussed all the required details to become a scientist. Now it is your turn to make your dreams come true and pursue your desired field as a scientist. Because this field will always bring a sense of surprise knowing a lot of unknown facts about the world.

By Sayantika Mondal

JEE Advanced

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How to Study Medicine (MD/MBBS) in USA after 12th

December 17, 2021
Career Guidance , Parents Must Read , Study Abroad , Under Graduate

Are you aspiring to study MBBS in USA after 12th from India? Well, there is no MBBS course or any undergraduate program in Medicine in the US. In the US, you can study medicine only at the postgraduate level which is MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine). In this article, we have penned down all you need to know about pursuing MBBS in USA.

Timeline and Process to Pursue Medicine in the US

The total process in the US takes approximately 11 years:

Undergraduate Degree (with Pre-Med Track): 4 years
Medical School (Graduate Degree): 4 years
Residency: 3 years

Medicine / MBBS in USA Process

Firstly, you need to pass Class 12 with excellent grades along with high SAT/ACT scores to get admission into the Bachelor (BS degree) program.
In your Bachelor’s program, you need to take certain pre-med courses (premedical track) to earn the required credits. Read how to prepare for Pre-Med in High School .
While in your 3rd/4th year of Bachelor’s degree, you are required to pass the MCAT (The Medical College Admission Test) .
Then you need to apply to Medical schools for MD programs.
You can start applying through the AMCAS (American Medical college application service) for an MD degree . On the other hand if you want to apply for a DO degree , i.e., Doctorate of Osteopathic Medicine, then you can apply via the AACOMAS (American Association of college of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service)

Eligibility to Pursue Medicine in USA after 12th from India

Completion of 10th and 12th class
Bachelor of Science degree in biology, chemistry or medicine related field as a pre-medical course
MCAT and NEET test scores
Proof of English proficiency

Note: Most of the top-ranking universities of the USA do not specify a minimum MCAT score required for admission. Yet, students having scores of 510 or above have higher chances of admission. MCAT score should not be older than 4 years.

Medicine / MBBS in USA Course Structure

The medical degree is considered a second (postgraduate) degree in the USA. Hence, students are required to have a first degree ie. Bachelor of Science (BS) in biology, chemistry, or any other related field to apply for Doctor of Medicine (MD) in the USA. This BS degree is also referred to as a pre-medical course. After completion of MD, students have to apply for a residency program based on their choice of specialization.

Pre-Med (Premedical) Course

This is considered a foundation course and teaches students the basics of medical science. Domestic students of the USA start pursuing this course after 10th class and the duration for them is 4 years.

However, since Indian students apply for MBBS in the USA after 10+2, they can study for a BS degree only for 4 trimesters or 16 months. Please be advised that this 16-month BS degree might not be recognized by all Medical schools.

If anyone is already having a BS degree in the medicine-related field or studied MBBS for 1 or 2 years in India, they might be exempted from enrolling in a pre-medical course in the USA. Although, this decision lies in the hands of the university to which you are applying.

Some of the subjects taught in pre-medical courses are: English, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Mathematics, Anatomy, Medical Terminology, and Sociology.

After completion of the pre-medical course, you are eligible to enroll in an MD program, that is a post-graduate degree. The program is divided into two stages, each requires 2 years to complete.

Theoretical Stage: It focuses on imparting an advanced level of theoretical knowledge about medical science to students. Some of the subjects that you study in the USA are Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, Medical Ethics, Biochemistry, Neuroanatomy, Pathology, Microbiology, and Clinical Science

Students have to appear for USMLE 1 (United States Medical Licensing Examination) to qualify for the second stage of this MD degree.

Practical Stage: It is also known as Clinical Rotation or Externship/Clerkship. The basics of operating in a hospital and treating patients are taught by doctors and professors. At the end of this stage, you must apply for USMLE 2.

Residency Program

USMLE 2 qualified students are eligible to apply for the residency program. The duration of this program ranges between 3 to 5 years depending upon the specialization chosen.

Students have to work in hospitals and become an expert in their respective fields. USMLE 3, also known as Licensee Exam, is the final exam that you have to appear for. After passing this exam, you can practice as a doctor in the USA or in any other country that approves the US education system.

Requirements for Medical School (MD) Admissions in USA

There are several factors that play a major role at determining your admissions into a med school. Let’s start debunking them one at a time

Pre requisites

Before you even get to applying, make sure that you have taken all the pre required courses for the program that you’re enrolling in, back at your pre meds or high school. Med schools are pretty strict about their pre requisite courses for different study/ specialization programs

Undergrad/premed/ SAT/ high school score requirements

Certain med schools are quite specific about what they are looking for in a candidate and therefore they have a set of requirements for students before they are even allowed to apply and i.e., their different score requirements at different academic levels and different subjects, so its important that you thoroughly go through the requirements of the institution and the program that you are applying to before making any plans

MCAT Scores

Unlike the Indian system, simply the MCAT scores won’t guarantee your admission into a med school, however, it does play a major role at determining if you’re even eligible to get in or not into a specific institution. Different med schools have different cut offs, so your MCAT scores are the first thing that puts you up for dabs at least, so do not take it lightly, at all.

After your MCAT scores, your essays are the ones that does the trick. In your essay, talk yourself out and do not be afraid to brag. However, make sure that you don’t sound cocky. That being said, just write an appealing essay for the institution explaining them why you chose the program you chose and how it’s going to help you in the future and also explain why it’s the most relevant one for you!

LORs (Letters of recommendation)

After your essays, your letters of recommendations are the ones that do a major trick. Everything beings said about you matters, and also whom it is coming from. So, make sure that you grab some LORs from really influential people and not just that, but from people who can really boast you up and make you look like an ideal candidate for the med school. In some cliché cases, LORs sometimes do in fact come from close family members who have nothing but good to say about their beloved.

Extracurriculars

Lastly, your extra curriculars. Do make sure that the extra curriculars you have selected are relevant to the program that you’re applying to and make it clear what you stand for through the different extracurriculars that you participate in.

Documents Required for MBBS in USA

Transcripts of previous academic study
Evaluation of foreign transcripts by an accredited agency
Relevant test scores (as asked by the university)
English Proficiency Test Certificate
Valid passport copy
Letters of recommendations
Statement of purpose
Criminal background check of the applicant
Student visa
Passport size copies of photographs

MBBS in USA Cost

The USA is considered a costly country for international students. Here are various types of expenses incurred while pursuing MBBS at USA universities:

Pre-arrival Cost

International students have to bear these types of expenses before coming to the country for studying pre-medical courses.

AMCAS Fees: $170
Student Visa Fees: $160
MCAT Fees: $315
NEET Fees: $20
IELTS / TOEFL Fees: $180 – $250

Tuition Fees for MBBS in USA

Fees for MBBS in the USA have two components: the cost of pursuing BS degree and tuition fees of the MD program. Average tuition fees for both of them are provided below:

BS in medicine-related field: USD $20,000 to $50,000 (~ INR 15 – 38 Lacs) per annum.
MD Program: USD $18,442 to $64,984 (~ INR 14 Lacs – 49 Lacs) per annum.

Medical School Fees in USA at Top Universities

Cost of Studying Medicine / MBBS in USA after 12th

Overall, it would take INR 3 – 4 Crores to study Medicine (MBBS) in the USA.

Top Scholarships for Medicine / MBBS in USA

The most generous ones are as follows:

AHIMA Foundation Merit Scholarship ( Amount varies )
Vagelos Scholarship by Columbia University ( Tuition Fees and Living Expenses )
Financial Aid for Non-US Medical Students by Johns Hopkins University ( Amount Varies )
Stanford Institutional Aid ( Amount Varies )
Harvard Medical School Scholarship ( Tuition Fees )

Top Medical Schools in USA

Harvard Medical School – Harvard University

Stanford University School of Medicine

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

UCSF School of Medicine – University of California, San Francisco

Columbia University Medical Center

Duke University School of Medicine

Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis

University of Michigan Medical School

Yale School of Medicine

Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

NYU School of Medicine

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle

Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University

Pritzker School of Medicine at the University of Chicago

Weill Medical College of Cornell University

University of California San Diego School of Medicine

Mayo Clinic School of Medicine

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Why Study MBBS in USA?

One of the advantages of having a degree of MBBS at USA universities is that students are not required to appear for FMGE (Foreign Medical Graduate Examination) to practice in India. MCI (Medical Council of India) approves the MD degree of the USA if pursued from an accredited college or university.

Job growth for physicians and surgeons in the USA is expected to be 7% from 2018 to 2028. This is faster than the country’s average of 5% for all occupations.
Among various categories of practicing doctors, the maximum number of jobs in the USA is expected to be generated for psychiatrists followed by family and general practitioners till 2028.
The average annual salary of physicians and surgeons is the highest among all other occupations in the USA ie. 223,000 USD.

Job Prospects and Salary after Studying Medicine in USA

You can either work in private/government hospitals or practice in your own clinic after completion of MD/Residency at USA universities. The average salary of physicians and surgeons in the USA is USD $223,000 (~ INR 1.5 Crore) per annum and is much higher than the national average.

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List of Top Courses After 12th PCB: Best Options

Are you keen to pursue a medical career and strongly love healthcare? Do you have a dream of being a nurse and improving the lives of others? Are you interested in food security and sustainable agriculture? Or are you confused about your career options? If yes, then this blog is just for you. We will help you choose your career path in different fields after you complete your 12th class through the PCB stream.

In this blog, we will discuss:

Top Courses
Course Details and Eligibility Criteria
Top Colleges and Entrance Exams for Courses After Class 12th

Top Courses:

PCB (Physics, Chemistry and Biology) is regarded as the medical stream, allowing you to explore various fields involving biology. There are many fields, some of which are very interdisciplinary and diverse. Some of those fields are given below:

Medicine and Allied Fields
Nutrition and Dietetics
Veterinary Science
Agricultural Sciences
Forensic Science
Physiotherapy

However, you must remember that taking PCB in 10+ does not limit you to fields involving only biology. There are a lot of students in IISERs from PCB backgrounds who end up taking physics or math as a major during their undergraduate degree. The fields mentioned above involve biology extensively.

Courses Details and Eligibility Criteria:

Medicine and allied fields-.

MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery): A professional undergraduate medical degree programme is granted to those who have finished their studies in the fields of surgery and medicine. The course gives students a thorough understanding of human anatomy and how different things can affect it, which helps them learn about the numerous disorders that people suffer from. It usually lasts for five and a half years, after which there is an internship.

Eligibility: You must have completed 12th PCB grade from a recognized board with biology as a required subject to be eligible for the NEET entrance exam.

BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery): The five-year undergraduate programme known as BDS, or Bachelor of Dental Surgery, provides you with a thorough education and practical dental practice knowledge for maintaining good oral hygiene and overall oral health. After completing coursework in the areas of oral health and hygiene, candidates are awarded an undergraduate professional degree in dentistry.

Eligibility: You must pass your 12th PCB board exam with physics, chemistry, and biology as core subjects and sit for the NEET exam to get a seat for the BDS degree.

BAMS (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery): Anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, surgery, and other topics are covered in the curriculum, emphasising conventional Ayurvedic concepts and methods. After completion, you can work as a doctor or surgeon specialising in Ayurvedic medicine.

Eligibility: You should pass the NEET exam. However, the marks required for BAMS are less than those required for MBBS and Dental Science.

BHMS (Bachelor of Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery): This is a 5.5-year course. The BHMS program provides students with a comprehensive understanding of homoeopathic principles, philosophy, and practice.

Eligibility: You should pass the NEET exam. However, the marks required for BHMS are less than those required for MBBS and Dental Science.

B.Pharm (Bachelor of Pharmacy): This program leads to an undergraduate degree in pharmacy. The B.Pharm programme lasts four years on average and covers topics such as pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and pharmacognosy.
D.Pharm (Diploma in Pharmacy): The D.Pharm programme, which is shorter than the B.Pharm programme, gives students the skills they need for entry-level pharmacy positions.

Eligibility: For B. Pharmacy, you must pass the GPAT (Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test), which NTA conducts. But some colleges take the students in B.Pharma and D.Pharma and look at their 12th grade. There can be subject-specific grading as well as an age limit. You have to check the eligibility criteria according to your chosen college.

B.Sc. Nursing: One rewarding career path in nursing is providing healthcare services. The four-year B.Sc.nursing programme consists of lectures in the classroom, laboratory work, and clinical rotations in hospitals and other healthcare facilities.

Eligibility : You must pass PCB exams like AIIMS Nursing Entrance Exam, JIPMER Nursing Entrance Exam, other state wise nursing exams, etc.

Nutrition and Dietetics-

B.Sc. Nutrition and Dietetics: The study of dietetics and nutrition and how they contribute to illness prevention and health promotion is the main focus of this programme. The duration of a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) in Nutrition and Dietetics program typically ranges from three to four years, depending on the institution and country where the program is offered.

Eligibility: You must meet the minimum aggregate marks requirement specified by the institution. This typically ranges from 50% to 60% in the board exams of class 12th. Some institutions may conduct entrance exams, which you must take and achieve the minimum qualifying marks to be considered for admission.

Veterinary Science-

Following the 12th PCB, veterinary science is one of the most popular subjects since it deals with animal health and welfare studies. The course aims to train individuals about animal behaviour and the constitution to facilitate animal nourishment, growth, and breeding. To give students practical experience in veterinary medicine, several programmes may include a required one-year internship or clinical rotation term.

Eligibility: Typical eligibility criteria consist of completing the 12th class with a PCB stream from recognised boards like CBSE or ICSE. Certain universities may additionally conduct interviews or admission tests to determine a candidate’s suitability for a programme.

Agricultural Sciences-

You can enrol in a BSc in Agricultural Sciences after completing your class 12th from the PCB stream. You can specialise in various fields, including animal science, viticulture and oenology, horticulture science, nutrition and food sciences, agribusiness, and more. It is mainly a four-year course.

Eligibility: Some institutes take their students depending on 12th board exam marks. Also, you can sit for the ICAR AIEEA (Indian Council of Agricultural Research All India Entrance Examination for Admission) to get a better college.

If you want to pursue a career in research and are interested in learning basic science, you can go to IISc, IISERs or NISER. Though you can specialise in your subject in your second or third year, you have to attend all four subjects, including maths, physics, chemistry, and biology, in your first year. It is a five-year BS-MS dual degree program. After that, you can pursue a PhD and get into academia or look for jobs in research firms.

Eligibility : You must pass exams like the IAT (IISER Aptitude Test) to get a seat among the seven IISERs and IISc Bangalore in India. To get into NISER, you must qualify the NEST exam. Check out this blog to know more about IAT and NEST 2024.

Forensic Science-

In the broad subject of forensic science, scientific methods and concepts are applied to crime scene investigation, evidence analysis, and expert witness testimony. This course offers instruction in forensic methods and analysis for anyone curious about the relationship between science and criminal investigations. The Bachelor’s Degree (B.Sc or B.A.) typically consists of three to four years of full-time study.

Eligibility: You must have passed 10+2 in PCB Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Math with 50% marks.

Physiotherapy-

The Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT) is an undergraduate programme designed to prepare students for careers in physiotherapy. Physiotherapy is the practice of treating patients with physical disabilities, injuries, or impairments by using physical procedures like exercise, manual therapy, and electrotherapy. A bachelor’s degree in physiotherapy usually lasts four and a half and five years, including academic work, clinical internships, or hands-on training.

Eligibility: The eligibility criteria for admission to BPT programs include completion of the 12th grade from a recognised board or institution with science subjects (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) as compulsory subjects.

Top Colleges and Entrance Exams for Courses After Class 12th:

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC)
Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER) and others.

Entrance Exams : NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test), AIIMS MBBS Entrance Exam, JIPMER MBBS Entrance Exam

National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali
Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh and others.

Entrance Exams : GPAT (Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test), BITSAT (for BITS Pilani’s Pharmacy programs), MHT-CET (Maharashtra Common Entrance Test)

Entrance Exams: AIIMS Nursing Entrance Exam, NEET (for some institutions), CMC Vellore Nursing Entrance Exam

Lady Irwin College, Delhi University
Institute of Home Economics, Delhi University
Osmania University, Hyderabad

Entrance Exams: Some colleges may have their own entrance exams, while others may admit based on merit in qualifying exams.

Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana

Entrance Exams: AIPVT (All India Pre-Veterinary Test), NEET (for some institutions), ICAR AIEEA (Indian Council of Agricultural Research All India Entrance Examination for Admission).

Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi
Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore

Entrance Exams : ICAR AIEEA (Indian Council of Agricultural Research All India Entrance Examination for Admission), State-level agricultural entrance exams

National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISERs)
Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs)
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)

Entrance Exams : Depending on the specific field of research, exams like GATE (for engineering), JAM (Joint Admission Test for M.Sc.), JEST (Joint Entrance Screening Test), CSIR-UGC NET (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test) are commonly required.

Check out this blog to learn more about research institutes for biology.

Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, Delhi
Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar
Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar

Entrance Exams : Some institutes may conduct their own entrance exams, while others may admit based on merit in qualifying exams. Check out this blog to learn more about forensic sciences.

All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AIIPMR), Mumbai
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi

Entrance Exams: Some colleges may have their own entrance exams, while others may admit based on merit in qualifying exams. Additionally, some state-level common entrance tests might be applicable.

Conclusion:

Remember, after the 12th Board exam, you have plenty of career options to explore. Prioritising your hobbies, strengths, and career aspirations is crucial when choosing. Recall that every course presents distinct chances for both professional and personal development; thus, make an informed decision and set out on a rewarding path to your ideal career in science. SciAstra can be your best friend and mentor in your journey by providing top-notch study materials and mentorship for competitive exams like IAT , NEST , etc. Check out our courses , PYQs , mock tests and many more on our official website.

Ques: How can I prepare for the NEET exam effectively?

Ans : Effective preparation involves understanding the exam pattern, practising with previous years’ question papers, enrolling in coaching classes (if necessary), and dedicating consistent study hours.

Ques: What are the career opportunities in forensic science in India?

Ans : Career opportunities include working as a forensic scientist, crime scene investigator, forensic toxicologist, forensic pathologist, forensic psychologist, forensic accountant, or forensic analyst in law enforcement agencies, forensic laboratories, research institutions, and private companies. Check out this blog to know more.

Ques: What are the career options other than NEET?

Ans: Check out this blog to know more about NEET.

Ques: How can I do research in Biotechnology?

Ans: Biotechnology is an emerging field combining biology with engineering. Check out this blog to know in depth about biotechnology.

Ques: Can I become a biologist in India?

Ans: Yes, there are many opportunities to become a biologist in India. Check out this blog to know more about such opportunities.

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Published: 27 May 2024

How medical schools can prepare students for new technologies

Chantal Mathieu 1

Nature Medicine ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Biomedical engineering
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes

Patient educators and nurses can demonstrate the real-life use of health technologies.

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Technologies are changing the face of medicine. In my specialty of diabetes care, continuous glucose monitoring, decision-assisting apps and hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery systems have been introduced for people living with type 1 diabetes and are now being used by people living with other forms of diabetes as part of their treatment. The role of technology in diabetes is evolving rapidly, with new hardware, concepts and terminology around glucose control being introduced at a rapid pace. These technologies require multidisciplinary teams to support those living with diabetes.

Education and training of medical students and doctors on these new technologies and concepts is crucial. The time allotted for diabetes training in many medical curricula has remained constant as this brave new world of technology has been introduced. Many of us who teach these courses feel that simply introducing the available technologies does not do justice to the new treatment tools. We need teaching tools and techniques that help students see the new face of diabetes and understand why concepts such as ‘time in range’ are often more relevant than hemoglobin A1c. Simply showing students new hardware will not necessarily help them, as these technologies will probably already be obsolete by the time they graduate.

The answer to this challenge may well lie with patients. Introducing students to the lives of those affected by the disease can illustrate the impact of technology on daily life. Those who use these technologies can introduce their benefits and undesired aspects, leading to more effective learning. Sharing the experiences of people living with disease should be an effective way to make a long-lasting impression on our young students. During the COVID-19 pandemic in-person teaching stopped and students missed out on direct interactions that could illustrate lived experiences. However, creative virtual solutions also emerged during the pandemic, and these are now available for medical education and are almost as valuable as in-person teaching for bringing the voices of those living with disease to students.

Many medical schools already work with patient experts in teaching, particularly for diseases where clinical signs and symptoms are essential for diagnosis and where patients can more clearly illustrate them to students than any picture could. The role of patients in medical education is increasingly recognized — for example, through the ‘Where’s the Patient’s Voice in Health’ conference.

As well as patients, other members of the multidisciplinary team, such as diabetes educator nurses, dieticians or psychologists could also have a prime role in teaching medical students about the role of technology. These health professionals can teach students how new technologies work and illustrate metrics that matter to clinicians and to the people using the technologies. This will illustrate how technologies impact the daily lives of people living with diabetes, such as how they sleep with hybrid closed loop systems, how they handle these technologies during exercise, how apps function if the patient is offline, the pros and cons of specific types of hardware (such as comparing a patch pump to a catheter pump), and the use of software features (such as whether alarms should beep or not beep when glucose values are high or whether food apps are useful for vegans).

Bringing members of the team and those living with the technologies to medical courses will also demonstrate to student doctors the need for continuing medical education and how treatment varies from person to person, illustrating the need for personalization of therapeutic approaches. Such a discussion should also include societal, financial and access issues, which will vary depending on location.

Most importantly, this multi-faceted approach to teaching will amplify the voices of the people who live with these technologies and use them daily, whose voices are at least as important in the treatment of the disease as that of the doctor.

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Chantal Mathieu

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C.M. serves or has served on advisory panels for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Medtronic, Imcyse, Insulet, Biomea Fusion and Vertex, with financial compensation received by KU Leuven. KU Leuven has also received research support from Medtronic, Imcyse, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and ActoBio Therapeutics. C.M. serves or has served on the speakers bureau for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic and Boehringer Ingelheim, with financial compensation received by KU Leuven. C.M. is president of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes .

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Mathieu, C. How medical schools can prepare students for new technologies. Nat Med (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03041-3

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Medical Articles

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th

Updated On: February 23, 2024 02:55 pm IST

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th: Highlights

List of 1 year medical courses after 12th, 1 year medical courses after 12th: detailed list, 1 year medical courses after 12th: future scope, 1 year medical courses after 12th: job opportunities.

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th have multiple Diploma and Certificate courses that medical aspirants can consider to build a successful career in the healthcare industry. Every year, lakhs of students aspire to complete their higher education in medical studies. The most popular medical course in India after 12th is the MBBS Course . The duration of an MBBS degree is 5 years and not all aspirants want to pursue such a long medical course. For such aspirants, One Year Medical Courses after 12th are an apt option. There are several 1 Year Medical Courses after 12th that candidates can choose to study to start their career in the medical sector. Some of the popular ones are Diploma in Radiology, Diploma in Child Health, Diploma in Nursing, Diploma in Dialysis, and Diploma in Physiotherapy. The minimum eligibility criteria to study these 1 year medical courses after 12th Science is to pass Class 12th from any recognized board/institution with 45% to 50% marks in aggregate. Read on and check out the list of 1 year Medical courses available in India.

Let us take a quick look at the highlights of the 1 Year Medical programs after 12th grade:

Also Read: Medical Courses Without NEET in India

Several Certification and Diploma degree courses fall under the category of One Year Medical Courses after 12th. Check out the detailed information on the same below:

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th: Certification Courses

The following certification courses can be considered as 1 Year Medical Courses after 12th:

Certificate Course in Medical Laboratory Technology

A Certificate Course in MLT is a specialization degree programme that candidates can choose to pursue after completing their Class 12th. The certificate course in MLT trains the students to prevent and diagnose several diseases using medical tests.

Minimum Educational Qualification - Candidates need to pass their higher secondary from any recognized board/institution.

Mandatory Subjects - Physics, Chemistry, English, Biology at the 10+2 level.

Minimum Marks Required - The minimum aggregate marks required at the higher secondary level is 45%.

Average Course Fee - The average course fee ranges from INR 10,000 to INR 15,000

Certificate Program in Laboratory Technique

The certification degree in Laboratory Technique is an entry-level specialization that candidates can choose to study after passing 12th. The curricula of this certificate programme teach students about the basics of how to handle equipment in a laboratory.

Minimum Educational Qualification - Students need to qualify Class 12 from any recognized board/institution.

Minimum Marks Required - The minimum aggregate marks required at the higher secondary level are 40% to 45%.

Average Course Fee - The average course fee ranges from INR 7,000 to INR 13,500

Also Read: Top Private Medical Colleges With Low Fee Structures

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th: Diploma Courses

From the list of 1 Year Medical Courses after 12th, here are a few diploma degrees that candidates can choose to start their journey in the medical sector:

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th: Diploma in Nursing

One of the most popular courses from the list of 1 Year Medical Courses after 12th includes a Diploma in Nursing . The curriculum of this course teaches students about the basics of nursing like how to respond to emergency medical situations, and handle medical equipment with efficiency. The professionals with a Diploma in Nursing degree are eligible to work in both the private and public medical sectors of the country.

Minimum Educational Qualification - Candidates aspiring to study Diploma in Nursing need to pass higher secondary from any institution recognized by the central and state government education boards.

Mandatory Subjects - Candidates must study Physics, Chemistry, and Biology at the 10+2 level as their core subjects.

Minimum Marks Required - The minimum aggregate marks required at the higher secondary level are 50% to 55%.

Average Course Fee - The average course fee ranges from INR 20,000 to INR 75,500

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th: Diploma in Radiology

Candidates choosing to study 1 Year Medical Courses after 12th, can take admission in Diploma in Radiology course. The course helps in identifying and diagnosing several diseases and their causes using medical imaging technology. After Diploma in Radiology course, an individual is ready to assist doctors and other medical professionals in treating patients with the help of high quality medical equipment.

Minimum Educational Qualification - Students need to pass their higher secondary education from any recognized board/institution.

Mandatory Subjects - Physics, Chemistry, and Biology must be the core subjects at the 10+2 level

Minimum Marks Required - The minimum aggregate marks required at the higher secondary level is 50%

Average Course Fee - The average course fee to study a Diploma in Radiology course ranges from INR 30,000 to INR 70,000

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th: Diploma in Physiotherapy

Among the list of 1 Year Medical Courses after 12th, a Diploma in Physiotherapy is a popular choice among aspiring students. After a Diploma in Physiotherapy, individuals are eligible to work with patients who are physically ill, disabled, or injured for a prolonged time.

Minimum Educational Qualification - Students aspiring to study Diploma in Physiotherapy, need to qualify their higher secondary education from any recognized board/institution.

Mandatory Subjects - Students must study Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as core subjects at the 10+2 level

Minimum Marks Required - The minimum aggregate marks required at the higher secondary level ranges from 50% to 55%

Average Course Fee - The average course fee to study a Diploma in Physiotherapy course ranges from INR 10,000 to INR 50,000

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th: Diploma in Audiology and Speech Therapy

Candidates choosing to study 1 Year Medical Courses after 12th in India can choose to study Diploma in Audiology and Speech Therapy. A Diploma in Hearing Language and Speech is a specialization course that teaches students how to identify communication, language, and hearing related impairments in patients and treat the diseases accordingly.

Minimum Educational Qualification - Aspirants need to pass 10+2 from any recognized board/institution

Average Course Fee - In India, the average course fee for a Diploma in Audiology and Speech Therapy ranges from INR 20,000 to INR 55,000

Minimum Marks Required - Candidates need to pass their 10+2 level with a minimum of 50% marks in aggregate

1 Year Medical Courses after 12th: Diploma in Anaesthesia

A Diploma in Anaesthesia is a popular course among students aiming to take admission in 1 Year Medical Courses after Class 12th. The basic course curriculum enables candidates to develop a deeper understanding of different degrees of Anesthesia and when and how to administer it. Candidates pursuing a Diploma in Anaesthesia can find employment in both the government and private hospitals of the country. There is a scope for higher education as well after finishing Diploma in Anaesthesia.

Mandatory Subjects at 10+2 - Students need to study Biology, Physics, and Chemistry at the higher secondary level as their core subjects to enroll for this diploma

Minimum Educational Qualification - Aspirants must qualify their 10+2 from any recognized board/institution.

Age Limit - There is no age limit to apply for Diploma in Anaesthesia programme.

Aggregate Marks - The minimum aggregate marks essential to take admission is 50%

Course Fee - The average course fee for a Diploma in Radiology ranges from INR 25,000 to INR 50,000.

Apart from the aforementioned 1 Year Medical Courses after 12th, some of the other choices are mentioned in the table below.

Medical degree programmes have a huge demand in India. However, most of the medical undergraduate programmes are of longer duration, with an average duration of 4.5 years. Some candidates do not feel like devoting such a long time to pursuing a course and are interested in starting their professional life earlier. Moreover, the fees for studying a standard medical course are also high. So, for these medical aspirants, opting to study a one year medical course after 12th is an easier and more affordable option. There are a lot of career options that an individual can consider after completing 1 year Medical courses after 12th Science. As the duration of these 1 year medical programmes is considerably lesser than other disciplines in the same category, students have the upper hand in kick-starting their career from a tender age.

Some of the popular designations that candidates can select after completing 1 year medical courses after 12th are listed below.

Are you feeling lost and unsure about what career path to take after completing 12th standard?

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For admission to the MBBS course at the Army College of Medical Sciences Delhi, a valid NEET UG 2023 score is necessary. The NEET cut off marks differ for various student categories (GEN, EWS, SC, ST, OBC, etc.). The 458 marks is a good NEET score if you belong to an OBC category. Admission to Army College of Medical Sciences Delhi is possible with this score, if you belong to this category. The score range accepted is 400-550 for OBC category students. For the General category the NEET score required for Army College of Medical Sciences MBBS …

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Home > blog > Healthcare Education > best medical courses after 12th

10 Best Medical Courses to do After 12th in India

Best Medical Courses after 12th in India

A career in healthcare/medicine is a very rewarding career, the profession gives a feeling of satisfaction for helping people in need. MBBS is believed to be the only medical course, but there are other courses as well. Here we provide a list of medical courses that can be opted for after 12th.

Medical courses after 12th are a great career option in terms of opportunities and growth since this is a recession-free field and with growing awareness regarding health within the population, the demand for healthcare workers is constantly on the rise.

Also Read: Medical Courses after 12th without NEET

Healthcare Superhero Banein!

Virohan ke expert career counsellor se baat karein aur healthcare me progressive career options ke bare me aur jankari paayein!

Breaking the misconception that medical professions only include doctors and nurses, here we provide a medical courses list with courses that can be opted for directly after class 12th.

Download Virohan myCarreer App for Paramedical studies

1. Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS)

An MBBS course, a cornerstone in medical field courses or medical stream courses, is an undergraduate medical degree conferred upon students who complete their training in the field of medicine and surgery. Recognized as the standard qualification for medical doctors and physicians, the MBBS degree holds international recognition, paving the way for a diverse and impactful career in the healthcare industry across various countries.

2. Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)

Dental Surgery is one of the most respected professions in India, offering compelling options for those exploring medical field courses or medical-related courses after 12th. Throughout this course, students delve into dental problems, dentures, and dental surgery. Similar to MBBS in terms of duration, eligibility, and admission process, the BDS course is chosen by students aspiring to become professional dentists. The Dental Council of India serves as the accredited body overseeing all dental programs, ensuring a high standard in this esteemed field.

3. Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine & Surgery (BAMS)

Ayurveda, one of the oldest treatments for various diseases, has stood the test of time since Vedic times, utilizing herbs and natural plant extracts as forms of medicine. BAMS, considered among the best medical courses after 12th and sought by those exploring courses in the medical field after 12th, is an undergraduate degree program. It's tailored to make students familiar with the profound concepts of Ayurveda and empower them to apply these principles in the treatment of patients.

4. Bachelors in Pharmacy (B. Pharma)

B. Pharm is a course well suited for students exploring medical line courses after 12th and is considered one of the best medical courses after 12th. It caters to those interested in careers related to various medicines, drug testing, medicine dosage, and more. Upon completing the course, individuals can pursue opportunities to become pharmacists, contributing to the pharmaceutical field and the healthcare industry.

5. Bachelors of Vocational Training (OTT)

The B.Voc. in OTT , a comprehensive program lasting 3 years, is an excellent option for those considering medical courses after 12th science. This program integrates a hands-on internship in top hospitals, providing invaluable training experience. Operation Theatre Technology (OTT) involves managing and handling the operation theatre, encompassing tasks from equipment sterilization to assisting during surgery and patient preparation. Ideal for those exploring a career after 12th medical, this course equips individuals with the skills needed for a successful journey in the healthcare industry.

Checkout Online Diploma in Operation Theatre Technician

6. Bachelors of Vocational (B. Voc.) in MLT

The three-year B.Voc. in Medical Laboratory Technology program, a notable addition to the medical courses list after 12th, combines general education with hands-on vocational training. Graduates become well-rounded experts in medical laboratory technology, equipped with a broad range of technical skills for a rewarding career.

Checkout Online Certificate Course in Medical Lab Technician

7. Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT)

Physiotherapy , a vital component in the extensive list of medical courses after 12th, is a healthcare profession that focuses on improving physical function and quality of life through therapeutic techniques, exercises, and physical interventions. A BPT course is specifically designed to educate students in the field of physiotherapy, training them to become professional physiotherapists.

8. Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc. & AH)

Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, a prominent choice in the medical line courses, is a 5.5 years undergraduate program falling under the medical discipline. It involves the study of medical diagnostics and the treatment of diseases in animals. Upon completing this course, candidates are well-prepared to embark on various roles, such as Veterinary Physician, Animal Research Scientist, Livestock Development Officer, Animal Breeder, and more.

9. Bachelor of Optometry (B.Optom)

The Bachelor of Optometry course, considered among the best medical courses and valuable options in the medical line courses after 12th, is crafted to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the human eye and its functions. It encompasses various techniques and procedures essential for diagnosing and treating visual problems.

10. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.SC. Nursing)

The B.Sc. Nursing course , recognized as one of the best courses in the medical field is a comprehensive bachelor's degree program. It trains students in critical care and instills values necessary for a career as nurses and midwives. It is a four-year undergraduate program during which students engage in classroom study, projects, and assignments, ensuring a well-rounded education in healthcare.

Also Read: Short Term Courses in Medical Field

In the world of medical courses after 12th, the options are vast and varied, extending far beyond the traditional MBBS route. From the hands-on training of B.Voc. programs to specialized fields like Optometry and Veterinary Sciences, the opportunities are diverse and promising. As the healthcare industry evolves post-Covid, these courses in the medical field after 12th not only offer academic growth but represent a commitment to the well-being of our society. Whether you aspire to be a dedicated nurse, a skilled physiotherapist, or a proficient medical lab technician, each course serves as a meaningful step toward a rewarding healthcare career—a journey marked by healing, compassion, and making a positive impact on the lives of others.

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Best Courses after 12th Biology - Eligibility, Fees, Career Options

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The medical and healthcare field is a fast-growing industry that requires professionals who have completed the medical course. Students wishing to pursue a career in it have various courses after 12th Biology to choose from. However, there are a few things students need to consider depending on their interests.

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Best Courses after 12th Biology - Eligibility, Fees, Career Options

It is important to choose right course after 12th, it can lead to a rewarding career right after completion. A rewarding career is imperative for a person's overall career satisfaction. G enerally, Biology is a mandatory subject for most medical courses after 12th Biology. This article lists all the Biology students career options. Students can read about them in detail and choose their career path. NEET is conducted for the admission to MBBS , BDS , BHMS , BUMS , BAMS medical courses after 12 class Biology.

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Other alternative courses are the allied medical and paramedical courses after 12th Science which can be pursued without NEET. Candidates can make a good career in the medical field by choosing any Biology courses after 12. Read further to get the details of courses after 12th Biology and career opportunities for these courses.

List of Best Courses after 12th Biology:

1. mbbs (bachelor of medicine, bachelor of surgery).

MBBS is one of the most prominent courses after 12th Biology. It is a combination of two professional degrees a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery. It is a five-year course which comprises basic, pre and para-clinical subjects. NEET-UG is the entrance exam for MBBS admission in India after class 12. The standard protocols of patient management and the best treatment options are taught during these five years.

An internship is mandatory after completing the courses after 12th science Biology where students tackle various specialties for 12 months so they can get experience of the ward and patient management. After completing MBBS, candidates can go for the specialized fields to pursue an MD or an MS. After completing the course, candidates can practice medicine.

2. BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery)

Dentistry is another popular subset of the medical industry with a wide scope. BDS is a professional degree of 5 years of study including 1 year of Internship. It is one of the leading courses after 12th biology. BDS Colleges in India offer seats for this course through the NEET exam.

This degree is related to dental practices such as treatment of all the diseases, malformations, and injuries of teeth and jaws of human beings. It's a course with a combination of clinical dentistry, general medicine, and surgery with in-depth knowledge.

After BDS one can either work as a dentist in a hospital or open own private dental clinic. Candidates can also continue their studies with PG and specialized courses.

3. B.VSc ( Bachelor of Veterinary Science)

It is a 5-year undergraduate course in veterinary science and one of the high-in-demand courses after 12th biology after MBBS and BDS. One must pass class 12th class with physics , chemistry , and biology as major subjects. Candidates are trained to diagnose diseases and treatment of diseases of animals and birds.

Veterinary doctors are in high demand at government veterinary hospitals and clinics, wildlife sanctuaries, zoos, poultry farms and dairy farms for health welfare and treatment of animals and birds. After completing this course, one can easily make a career with these tremendous opportunities.

4. BAMS ( Bachelor of Ayurvedic, Medicine and Surgery )

BAMS stands for Bachelor of Ayurvedic, Medicine and Surgery. It is an undergraduate course in Ayurvedic medicine and surgery. Ayurveda science was introduced in India and is a widely preferred alternative to allopathic medical practices.

This course comprises 4.5 years of study and 1 year of compulsory internship. Increasing demand for Ayurvedic doctors is providing various career opportunities for BAMS candidates who can open their own clinic or join any Ayurvedic hospital after completing their course.

5. BHMS ( Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery )

Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery is a 5.5-year-long professional course among the eminent c ourses after 12th Biology , comprising 4.5 years for academic study and 1 year for a compulsory internship in a hospital to gain practical exposure. Homeopathic was founded in Germany. The admission process is conducted based on a merit system.

In this course, candidates are trained for the homeopathic medical system. After BHMS, candidates can use Doctor as a prefix with their name. Homeopathy is increasingly gaining popularity as another alternative to allopathic medicine. In this, the root cause of the disease is looked at without any side effects. However, the treatments are slow and take longer than other practices.

6. BUMS ( Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery)

Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery is a 5.5-year comprehensive course based on the Unani medicine system. 4.5 years are dedicated to academic study and 1 year to an internship. Candidates who have studied the Urdu language in class 12th are given preference over the others. Candidates should be a minimum of 17 years old to get admission to this course. Vast career opportunities are available in India and abroad for BUMS candidates.

7. BPharm ( Bachelor of Pharmacy)

Bachelor of Pharmacy is a four-year course to practice as a pharmacist. It is one of the most popular courses after 12th biology . Candidate must have an aggregate of 50% marks in 12th with biology as a major subject to pursue this course.

There is a wide scope for B. Pharm. candidates in India as well as foreign countries. One can work as a pharmacist, or patient counsellor or continue further studies such as a Master’s degree.

8. BPT ( Bachelor of Physiotherapy)

BPT or B.Pth, both stand for Bachelor of Physiotherapy. It is a 4 year long undergraduate course including 6 months of internship. It is one of the best physiotherapy courses among the courses after 12th biology .

Candidates are taught massage therapy, physical exercises, electrotherapy, and improving patients' health and movement during this course. BPT candidates can work in hospitals, health centers, sports fields and gyms, etc. One can also start his physiotherapy clinic.

9. Pharm D ( Doctor of Pharmacy )

Doctor of Pharmacy is commonly termed as Pharm D. It is a 6-year-long postgraduate course in pharmacy, comprising 5 years of academic study and 1 year of internship. Diploma-holder candidates or 12th-pass science students are eligible to pursue this course.

During the course, candidates are taught clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, health care pharmacy practice, etc. B Pharm candidates can complete this course in 3 years. Candidates can opt from the list of Pharm D Colleges in India to pursue this course.

Pharm D candidates have the option to work in hospitals, community health centres, and nursing homes or they can also practice as a private pharmacist.

10. BASLP ( Bachelor of Audiology Speech Language Pathology)

It is a 4 year-long undergraduate course commonly termed BASLP. This course is subdivided into two parts, 3 years for academic study and 1 year for the internship. This course trains the candidates to diagnose and treat people suffering from speech and hearing disorders.

After completing this course candidates will become audiologists and speech-language pathologists and they can work in government hospitals, NGOs private hospitals, etc.

11. BSMS ( Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery )

Bachelor of Siddha Medicine and Surgery or BSMS is 5.5 years 5.5-year undergraduate course including an internship for 1 year. This course is based on the Siddha Medicine system which is the most ancient among all the medicine systems.

BSMS-passed candidates will be called a doctor and they can start their clinic. They can also work as a Siddha doctor in private and government hospitals. He/she can also opt for higher studies.

12. BNYS ( Bachelor of Naturopathy and Yoga)

BNYS is a 4.5 year long undergraduate course in integrative medicine systems including 1 year of internship. In these biology related courses after 12th, naturopathic medicine and modern science are studied by the candidates.

Several colleges and universities are available to pursue this course. BNYS doctors are high in demand in India and foreign countries. He/she can practice as a general practitioner (GP) and naturopathy specialist.

Other C ourses after 12th Biology

After 12th with science subjects, candidates can choose among the following medical courses without NEET:

Bachelor of Occupational Therapy
Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology
Bachelor of Technology in Biomedical Engineering
Bachelor of Science in Microbiology
Bachelor of Science in Cardiac or Cardiovascular Technology
Bachelor of Perfusion Technology
Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics
Bachelor's in Psychology

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Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

Students can lend a good job with courses after 12th science biology. Biology offers some of the finest career options.

Students can choose from Bachelor of Veterinary Science (B.VSc), BDS, BAMS, BHMS, and others.

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Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

Here are some options you can explore to get admission in a good school even though admissions might be closed for many:

Waitlist: Many schools maintain waitlists after their initial application rounds close. If a student who secured a seat decides not to join, the school might reach out to students on the waitlist. So, even if the application deadline has passed, it might be worth inquiring with schools you're interested in if they have a waitlist and if they would consider adding you to it.

Schools with ongoing admissions: Some schools, due to transfers or other reasons, might still have seats available even after the main admission rush. Reach out to the schools directly to see if they have any open seats in 10th grade.

Consider other good schools: There might be other schools in your area that have a good reputation but weren't on your initial list. Research these schools and see if they have any seats available.

Focus on excelling in your current school: If you can't find a new school this year, focus on doing well in your current school. Maintain good grades and get involved in extracurricular activities. This will strengthen your application for next year if you decide to try transferring again.

Best CBSE schools in Delhi: Click Here

In India, the design and coding fields offer exciting career options that can leverage your interest in both. Here's how you can navigate this path:

Choosing Your Stream:

Graphic Design Focus: Consider a Bachelor's degree in Graphic Design or a design diploma. Build a strong portfolio showcasing your creative skills. Learn the basics of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to understand web development better. Many online resources and bootcamps offer these introductory courses.

Coding Focus: Pursue a Computer Science degree or a coding bootcamp in India. These programs are intensive but can equip you with strong coding skills quickly. While building your coding prowess, take online courses in graphic design principles and UI/UX design.

Engineering Subjects (for a Degree):

Information Technology (IT): This offers a good mix of web development, networking, and database management, all valuable for web design/development roles.

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI): This is a specialized field that bridges the gap between design and computer science, focusing on how users interact with technology. It's a perfect choice if you're interested in both aspects.

Passing NIOS in October 2024 will make you eligible for NIT admissions in 2025 . NIT admissions are based on your performance in entrance exams like JEE Main, which typically happen in January and April. These exams consider the previous year's Class 12th board results (or equivalent exams like NIOS).

Here's why 2025 is more likely:

JEE Main 2024 Admissions: The application process for NITs through JEE Main 2024 is likely complete by now (May 2024). They consider your 2023 Class 12th marks (CBSE in this case).
NIOS Results: Since NIOS results typically come out after the NIT admission process, your October 2024 NIOS marks wouldn't be available for JEE Main 2024.

Looking Ahead (2025 Admissions):

Focus on JEE Main: Since you have a computer science background, focus on preparing for JEE Main 2025. This exam tests your knowledge in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, crucial for engineering programs at NITs.
NIOS Preparation: Utilize the time between now and October 2024 to prepare for your NIOS exams.
Eligibility Criteria: Remember, NITs typically require a minimum of 75% marks in Class 12th (or equivalent) for general category students (65% for SC/ST). Ensure you meet this criteria in your NIOS exams.

Yes, scoring above 99.9 percentile in CAT significantly increases your chances of getting a call from IIM Bangalore, with your academic background. Here's why:

High CAT Score: A score exceeding 99.9 percentile is exceptional and puts you amongst the top candidates vying for admission. IIM Bangalore prioritizes CAT scores heavily in the shortlisting process.

Strong Academics: Your 96% in CBSE 12th and a B.Tech degree demonstrate a solid academic foundation, which IIM Bangalore also considers during shortlisting.

However, the shortlisting process is multifaceted:

Other Factors: IIM Bangalore considers other factors beyond CAT scores, such as your work experience (if any), XAT score (if you appear for it), academic diversity, gender diversity, and performance in the interview and Written Ability Test (WAT) stages (if shortlisted).

Here's what you can do to strengthen your application:

Focus on WAT and PI: If you receive a shortlist, prepare extensively for the Written Ability Test (WAT) and Personal Interview (PI). These stages assess your communication, soft skills, leadership potential, and suitability for the program.

Work Experience (if applicable): If you have work experience, highlight your achievements and how they align with your chosen IIM Bangalore program.

Overall, with a stellar CAT score and a strong academic background, you have a very good chance of getting a call from IIM Bangalore. But remember to prepare comprehensively for the other stages of the selection process.

Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.

I hope this was helpful!

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Medical Courses After 12th without NEET 2024: High Salary Courses

Anchal Srivastava ,

May 13, 2024 | NEET

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Some of the medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024 are Diploma in Animal Husbandry, ANM Nursing, B.Sc Nursing, B.Sc in Cardiac Technology, B.Sc in Genetics and more.

Medical Courses After 12th without NEET 2024: High Salary Courses

Medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024 are B.Sc in Genetics, B.Sc Nursing, Diploma in Optometry, ANM Nursing and more. B.Sc Pharm and B.Sc Radiology are the highest paying fields. Lakhs of students apply each year for Medical courses in colleges all over India after completing their 10+2 with PCB.

Table of Contents:

Top Medical Courses After 12th Without NEET 2024

High Salary Courses After 12th Science Without NEET 2024

Popular B.Sc Medical Courses After 12th Without NEET 2024

Medical Courses Without NEET 2024
Top Medical Institutes
Medical Courses Abroad Without NEET 2024
Career Scope For Medical Courses After 12th Without NEET 2024

Due to the increasing competition level every year and the insufficient availability of medical colleges, many students need help to crack NEET or study for an MBBS or BDS course. There are several medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024 available for medical aspirants.

The table below lists down the Medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024, along with their duration and average salary.

Also Read: CBSE 12th Result 2024 Announced, Check result now!!

BA Psychology

BA Psychology is one of the most sought after medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024. It is a three-year-long undergraduate course that aims to train students in the field of the human mind, behavioural psychology, clinical psychology, rehabilitation training, developmental psychology, and social psychology. The course has a lot of job opportunities for graduates as the curriculum of the course ensures that the students have access to all the vital information they need to build a successful career path for themselves.

Also Check: BA Psychology Course

Bachelor of Occupation Therapy is a four-year-long undergraduate medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024 that introduces students to assessment and intervention to develop, recover, or maintain the meaningful activities, or occupations, of individuals, groups, or communities. The course introduces students to a diverse range of career options making it a very rewarding career path.

Also Check: B.O.Th Course

B.Pharm is a four-year-long undergraduate degree in the field of pharmacy, and makes an excellent choice for students looking for medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024. The programme deals with concepts related to the research of various diseases and ailments, drugs and their testing. The graduates of this field are in demand amongst hospitals, clinics and other medical field-related recruiters. Hence upon the completion of this course, students are presented with a lot of job opportunities.

Also Check: B.Pharm Course

B.Sc in Biotechnology

B.Sc Biotechnology is a 3-year undergraduate course that deal with the study of living organisms and biological systems, as well as the advanced technology involved in studying the same. It qualifies as a great choice for medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024 because it introduces students to concepts that are industry-relevant, making the graduates in demand amongst the recruiters. Some job roles that the graduates can start with are Medical Coder, Quality Control Analyst, Data Analyst, Research Analyst, and Research Scientist.

Also Check: B.Sc Biotechnology Course

B.Sc in Cardiac Technology

The B.Sc Cardiac Technology is a four-year-long undergraduate course that focuses on medical science, blood and heart-related diseases. The course has a lot of scope for the graduates. Some of the popular job roles undertaken by the graduates upon the completion of the course include Cardiologist, Cardiovascular Technician, Cath Lab Technician, Consultant Nephrologist, Dialysis Technician, and other related positions. B.Sc in Cardiac Technology opens doors to a vast number of opportunities and students must consider it as an option for medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024.

Also Check: B.Sc Cardiac Technology Course

B.Sc in Genetics

The B.Sc Genetics is a three-year-long undergraduate course under medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024, that deals with human evolution, mutations, and heredity. The course is a research-oriented course, with lab work for the students. Additionally, upon the completion of the course, students are given a chance to participate in internships and work placements, so that they can use their knowledge and understanding in a real-world setting.

Also Check: B.Sc in Genetics Course

B.Sc in Microbiology

B.Sc Microbiology is a three-year-long undergraduate course that deals with the study of microorganisms with particular emphasis on the biology of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoan parasites. The course identifies as a scientific research-oriented medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024. Upon completing this course, students are presented with many job opportunities such as Clinical Research Associate, Biomedical Scientist, Research Assistant, Environmental Microbiologists, Quality Assurance Technologists, Sales Technical Representative, and Veterinary Microbiologists.

Also Check: B.Sc Microbiology Course

B.Sc in Nutrition and Dietetics

B.Sc Nutrition and Dietetics is a three-year-long undergraduate course that aims to introduce students to all the vital and essential concepts related to nutritional sciences, dietetics and food technology. Upon the completion of the course, students are presented with a plethora of job opportunities. Some of them include Nutrition, dietician, fitness expert, and more.

Also Check: B.Sc Nutrition and Dietetics Course

B.Tech in Biomedical Engineering

B.Tech Biomedical Engineering is a four-year-long undergraduate course, and a great option under Medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024. It deals with applying medicine and healthcare to engineering concepts and materials and is a multidisciplinary STEM field that blends biology and engineering. Some of the job roles that the students can start with are Biomedical Engineer, Software Engineer, Service Engineer, Senior Software Engineer, Field Service Engineer, Healthcare Product Manager, Associate Business Analyst, Medical Application Specialist etc.

Also Check: B.Tech Biomedical Engineering Course

B.Sc Nursing

B.Sc Nursing is a four-year-long undergraduate course that deals with nursing and medicine as primary functions and aims to enable students to become future nurses and contribute positively to the medical field. Graduates of the B.Sc Nursing course have diverse job opportunities in public and private hospitals, such as Staff Nurses, Nursing Administrators, Nursing Managers, Military Nurses, etc.

Also Check: B.Sc Nursing Course

Diploma in Animal Husbandry

The three-year Diploma in Animal Husbandry programme focuses on providing students with knowledge of on-the-job training in the field of animal care and breeding, and is a good choice under medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024. The following careers for graduates with a diploma in animal husbandry include animal dairy farm manager, clinical assistant, working in private or public veterinary hospitals, etc.

Also Check: Diploma In Animal Husbandry Course

ANM Nursing

Two years are required to complete the diploma programme in ANM Nursing. It focuses mostly on the medical industry. The course teaches students how to set up an operating room, care for various pieces of equipment, keep records, and give patients their medications on schedule. Students can begin careers as nurses, assistant nurses, staff nurses, nursing tutors, healthcare nurses, intensive care unit nurses, etc. after graduation.

Also Check: ANM Nursing Course

Diploma in Clinical Pathology

The study of clinical and medical analysis is covered in the two-year, diploma-level DCP curriculum. The DCP programme under medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024, gives students the chance to develop a career in a variety of specialised subjects and industries. Graduates can work as college teachers, healthcare providers, lab executives, and other occupations in both the public and private sectors.

Also Check: Diploma In Clinical Pathology Course

Diploma in Gynecology and Obstetrics

Diploma in Gynaecology and Obstetrics course is a two-year undergraduate program that deals with the study of women's healthcare and diagnosis. Some of the job roles that the graduates can start their careers with include Gynecologist, Obstetrician, Senior Surgeon, etc.

Also Check: Diploma In Gynecology and Obstetrics Course

Diploma in Optometry

In India, a two-year pre-undergraduate diploma programme called the Diploma in Optometry is a prominent option for medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024. It covers a variety of topics related to eye health, illnesses, diagnosis, and treatment of human eyes. The diploma holders are hired in occupations like private practitioners, professors, trainee optometrists, vision consultants, optometry researchers, etc. after completing the programme.

Also Check: Diploma in Optometry Course

B.Tech Biomedical Instrumentation

B.Tech in biomedical instrumentation is a four-year-long undergraduate engineering program intended for students interested in studying and learning about instrumentation, design, manufacturing, and operations of different medical types of equipment and instruments.

Also Check: B.Tech Biomedical Instrumentation Course

High Salary Courses After 12th Science Without NEET 2024

There are numerous high-salary courses after 12th science PCB without NEET available for medical aspirants. Students don't need to think they can't earn a good salary if they pursue medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024. These courses have high-salary career options in medical without NEET exam. The following are the top medical courses after 12th without NEET with high salary:

Aspirants can pursue these medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024 and have high salary career options. With the growing demand in the health sector, doctor courses without NEET have also gained prominence. The following list contains B.Sc medical courses list without NEET that aspirants can pursue:

B.Sc Audiology
B.Sc Nutrition and Dietetics
B.Sc Psychology
B.Sc Biomedical Science
Bachelor in Prosthetics and Orthotics
B.Sc Anesthesia Technology
B.Sc Blood Banking Technology
B.Sc Blood Transfusion Technology
B.Sc Cardiac Technology
B.Sc Dialysis Technology
B.Sc Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Imaging Technologies
B.Sc Intensive Care Technology
B.Sc Medical Imaging Technology
B.Sc Orthopedic Technology
B.Sc Paramedical Technology
B.Sc Radiology and Imaging Technology

Also Check: Complete guide on Courses after 12th

Top Colleges For B.Sc Medical Courses After 12th Without NEET 2024

Here is a list of the colleges offering medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024, that provide students with state-of-the-art education.

Top Medical Courses Without NEET 2024

It may often seem to students that they can't pursue medical courses if they don't give the NEET exam. Most of the top medical colleges in India expect students to give NEET to enrol in medical courses. Below are some general guidelines for medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024:

MBBS Without NEET 2024

Many students who wish to study medicine ask themselves a question, i.e., "Is it possible to study MBBS without NEET?". In most cases, medical aspirants must attempt the NEET exam to get admission into MBBS programmes in the top medical colleges and universities across the country. However, there are exceptions to the rule where students can get admission into MBBS without NEET. These exceptions don't mean students can skip writing an exam for admission into MBBS programmes. In all cases, students must attempt an entrance exam to secure MBBS seats.

In the cases of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and the Jawaharlal Institutions of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), students do not have to attempt the NEET exam as these institutions conduct their entrance examinations for admissions into their MBBS programmes.
Another option is for students to look for MBBS programmes (or MD, in countries like USA and UK) abroad if they can afford it. In those cases, students must attempt exams like MCAT or FMGE for admission into medical programmes.

Also Check: MBBS

BAMS Admission Without NEE 2024

It is also possible for the students to pursue BAMS medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024. Karnataka and Punjab State take admitted to BAMS without NEET examination till now. But generally speaking, most private and government colleges in India consider NEET as a primary means of admitting students.

Also Check: BAMS

BDS Admission Without NEET 2024

The BDS is a five-year undergraduate degree programme (4 years of academic study plus 1 year of required internship). Both full-time and part-time courses are available for this programme. Without NEET results, enrollment in a BDS course is not possible. However, candidates can research private colleges that accept enrollment without test scores.

Also Check: BDS

BUMS Admission Without NEET 2024

A bachelor's degree in the discipline of Unani Medicine and Surgery is known as the Bachelor of Unani Medicine & Surgery, or BUMS. This degree is given upon successful completion of a 5.5-year educational programme, which includes a 4.5-year term and a 1-year practical training course. Although it is not required, most universities expect NEET scores from students to enrol in BUMS courses.

The Patna High Court's ruling allowed applicants who had not taken the National Eligibility Completion Entrance Test (NEET) to still apply for the BUMS programme, in the state by the Government Tibbi College, Patna.

Also Check: BUMS

Top 10 Colleges for Medical Courses After 12th Without NEET 2024

There are a lot of medical colleges that offer medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024 in the country which provide top-notch education and training. Few colleges for mbbs without NEET are listed below:

Medical Courses in Abroad Without NEET 2024

There is also scope for students to pursue medical courses abroad without NEET. Although it is possible that the students would be expected to give the required entrance exam for the specific country or college. Some of the top colleges that provide MBBS without NEET are listed below:

UCL (University College London)
Imperial College London
NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
Queen Mary University of London
Kharkiv National Medical University

Career Scope For Medical Courses After 12th Without NEET 2024

The scope of work and remuneration in these professions increases with increased experience, expertise, and qualifications.

Better Career Scope : These professionals can work with doctors or as researchers or even practice independently as Biomedical Engineer, Cardiac Perfusionists, Cardiologists, Cardiologists, Drug Safety Associates, Microbiologists, Nutritionists, Physiotherapists, etc.

Surplus Opportunities : There is no limitation on the opportunities in the medical field, but students have to ensure they are the best and do their best in their respective fields.

Also Check: Paramedical Courses Without NEET 2024

What the top medical courses after 12th without NEET 2023, which is for a duration of 3 years?

Are there diploma options for medical courses after 12th without NEET?

What is the average salary package of students who pursue medical courses after 12th without NEET 2023?

What are the colleges offering medical courses after 12th without NEET?

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Ge Chen 1 ,
Zhengmin (Min) Qian 2 ,
Junguo Zhang 1 ,
Shiyu Zhang 1 ,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7003-6565 Zilong Zhang 1 ,
Michael G Vaughn 3 ,
Hannah E Aaron 2 ,
Chuangshi Wang 4 ,
Gregory YH Lip 5 , 6 and
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-9408 Hualiang Lin 1
1 Department of Epidemiology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice , Saint Louis University , Saint Louis , Missouri , USA
3 School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice , Saint Louis University , Saint Louis , Missouri , USA
4 Medical Research and Biometrics Centre , Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
5 Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , Liverpool , UK
6 Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
Correspondence to Dr Hualiang Lin, Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; linhualiang{at}mail.sysu.edu.cn

Objective To examine the effects of fish oil supplements on the clinical course of cardiovascular disease, from a healthy state to atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and subsequently death.

Design Prospective cohort study.

Setting UK Biobank study, 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010, with follow-up to 31 March 2021 (median follow-up 11.9 years).

Participants 415 737 participants, aged 40-69 years, enrolled in the UK Biobank study.

Main outcome measures Incident cases of atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and death, identified by linkage to hospital inpatient records and death registries. Role of fish oil supplements in different progressive stages of cardiovascular diseases, from healthy status (primary stage), to atrial fibrillation (secondary stage), major adverse cardiovascular events (tertiary stage), and death (end stage).

Results Among 415 737 participants free of cardiovascular diseases, 18 367 patients with incident atrial fibrillation, 22 636 with major adverse cardiovascular events, and 22 140 deaths during follow-up were identified. Regular use of fish oil supplements had different roles in the transitions from healthy status to atrial fibrillation, to major adverse cardiovascular events, and then to death. For people without cardiovascular disease, hazard ratios were 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.17) for the transition from healthy status to atrial fibrillation and 1.05 (1.00 to 1.11) from healthy status to stroke. For participants with a diagnosis of a known cardiovascular disease, regular use of fish oil supplements was beneficial for transitions from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 0.92, 0.87 to 0.98), atrial fibrillation to myocardial infarction (0.85, 0.76 to 0.96), and heart failure to death (0.91, 0.84 to 0.99).

Conclusions Regular use of fish oil supplements might be a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and stroke among the general population but could be beneficial for progression of cardiovascular disease from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events, and from atrial fibrillation to death. Further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanisms for the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease events with regular use of fish oil supplements.

Health policy
Nutritional sciences
Public health

Data availability statement

Data are available upon reasonable request. UK Biobank is an open access resource. Bona fide researchers can apply to use the UK Biobank dataset by registering and applying at http://ukbiobank.ac.uk/register-apply/ .

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000451

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WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC

Findings of the effects of omega 3 fatty acids or fish oil on the risk of cardiovascular disease are controversial

Most previous studies focused on one health outcome and did not characterise specific cardiovascular disease outcomes (eg, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and major adverse cardiovascular events)

Whether fish oil could differentially affect the dynamic course of cardiovascular diseases, from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events, to other specific cardiovascular disease outcomes, or even to death, is unclear

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS

In people with no known cardiovascular disease, regular use of fish oil supplements was associated with an increased relative risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke

In people with known cardiovascular disease, the beneficial effects of fish oil supplements were seen on transitions from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events, atrial fibrillation to myocardial infarction, and heart failure to death

HOW THIS STUDY MIGHT AFFECT RESEARCH, PRACTICE, OR POLICY

Regular use of fish oil supplements might have different roles in the progression of cardiovascular disease

Further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanisms for the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease events with regular use of fish oil supplements

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for about one sixth of overall mortality in the UK. 1 2 Fish oil, a rich source of omega 3 fatty acids, containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, has been recommended as a dietary measure to prevent cardiovascular disease. 3 The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends that people with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease consume at least one portion of oily fish a week, and the use of fish oil supplements has become popular in the UK and other western countries in recent years. 4 5

Although some epidemiological and clinical studies have assessed the effect of omega 3 fatty acids or fish oil on cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, the findings are controversial. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality systematically reviewed 37 observational studies and 61 randomised controlled trials, and found evidence indicating the beneficial effects of higher consumption of fish oil supplements on ischaemic stroke, whereas no beneficial effect was found for atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, total stroke, or all cause death. 6 In contrast, the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) reported a decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events with icosapent ethyl in patients with raised levels of triglycerides, regardless of the use of statins. 7 Most of these findings, however, tended to assess the role of fish oil at a certain stage of cardiovascular disease. For example, some studies restricted the study population to people with a specific cardiovascular disease or at a high risk of cardiovascular disease, 8 9 whereas others evaluated databases of generally healthy populations. 10 All of these factors might preclude direct comparison of the effects of omega 3 fatty acids on atrial fibrillation events or on further deterioration of cardiovascular disease. Few studies have fully characterised specific cardiovascular disease outcomes or accounted for differential effects based on the complex disease characteristics of participants. Hence, in this study, we hypothesised that fish oil supplements might have harmful, beneficial, or no effect on different cardiovascular disease events in patients with varying health conditions.

Most previous studies on the association between fish oil and cardiovascular diseases generally focused on one health outcome. Also, no study highlighted the dynamic progressive course of cardiovascular diseases, from healthy status (primary stage), to atrial fibrillation (secondary stage), major adverse cardiovascular events (tertiary stage), and death (end stage). Clarifying this complex pathway in relation to the detailed progression of cardiovascular diseases would provide substantial insights into the prevention or treatment of future disease at critical stages. Whether fish oil could differentially affect the dynamic course of cardiovascular disease (ie, from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events, to other specific cardiovascular disease outcomes, or even to death) is unclear.

To deal with this evidence gap, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study to estimate the associations between fish oil supplements and specific clinical cardiovascular disease outcomes, including atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and all cause death in people with no known cardiovascular disease or at high risk of cardiovascular disease for the purpose of primary prevention. We also assessed the modifying effects of fish oil supplements on the disease process, from atrial fibrillation to other outcomes, in people with known cardiovascular disease for the purpose of secondary prevention.

The UK Biobank is a community based cohort study with more than half a million UK inhabitants aged 40-69 years at recruitment. 11–13 Participants were invited to participate in this study if they were registered with the NHS and lived within 35 km of one of 22 Biobank assessment centres. Between 1 March 2006 and 31 July 2010, a baseline survey was conducted, based on a touch screen questionnaire and face-to-face interviews, to collect detailed personal, socioeconomic, and lifestyle characteristics, and information on diseases. 11–13

We excluded patients who had a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (n=8326), heart failure (n=2748), myocardial infarction (n=11 949), stroke (n=7943), or cancer (n=48 624) at baseline; who withdrew from the study during follow-up (n=1299); or who had incomplete or outlier data for the main information (n=11 748). Because we focused only on a specific sequence of progression of cardiovascular disease (ie, from healthy status to atrial fibrillation, to major adverse cardiovascular events, and then to death), we excluded 1983 participants with other transition patterns. The remaining 415 737 participants were included in this analysis ( figure 1 ).

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Flowchart of selection of participants in study. The count of diagnosed diseases does not equate to the total number of individuals, because each person could have multiple diagnoses

Determining use of fish oil supplements

Information on regular use of fish oil supplements was collected from a self-reported touchscreen questionnaire during the baseline survey. 14 15 Each participant was asked whether they regularly used any fish oil supplement. Trained staff conducted a verbal interview with participants, asking if they were currently receiving treatments or taking any medicines, including omega 3 or fish oil supplements. Based on this information, we classified participants as regular users of fish oil supplements and non-users.

Follow-up and outcomes

Participants were followed up from the time of recruitment to death, loss to follow-up, or the end date of follow-up (31 March 2021), whichever came first. Incident cases of interest, including atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction, were identified by linkage to death registries, primary care records, and hospital inpatient records. 11 Information on deaths was obtained from death registries of the NHS Information Centre, for participants in England and Wales, and from the NHS Central Register Scotland, for participants in Scotland. 11 Outcomes were defined by a three character ICD-10 (international classification of diseases, 10th revision) code. In this study, atrial fibrillation was defined by ICD-10 code I48, and major adverse cardiovascular events was determined by a combination of heart failure (I50, I11.0, I13.0, and I13.2), stroke (I60-I64), and myocardial infarction (I21, I22, I23, I24.1, and I25.2) codes.

We collected baseline data on age (<65 years and ≥65 years), sex (men and women), ethnic group (white and non-white), Townsend deprivation index (with a higher score indicating higher levels of deprivation), smoking status (never, previous, and current smokers), and alcohol consumption (never, previous, and current drinkers). Data for sex were taken from information in UK Biobank rather than from patient reported gender. Baseline dietary data were obtained from a dietary questionnaire completed by the patient or by an interviewer. The questionnaire was established for each nation (ie, England, Scotland, and Wales) to assess an individual's usual food intake (oily fish, non-oily fish, vegetables, fruit, and red meat). Diabetes mellitus was defined by ICD-10 codes E10-E14, self-reported physician's diagnosis, self-reported use of antidiabetic drugs, or haemoglobin A1c level ≥6.5% at baseline. Hypertension was defined by ICD-10 code I10 or I15, self-reported physician's diagnosis, self-reported use of antihypertensive drugs, or measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg at baseline. Information on other comorbidities (obesity (ICD-10 code E66), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (J44), and chronic renal failure (N18)) was extracted from the first occurrence (UKB category ID 1712). Information on the use of drugs, including antihypertensive drugs, antidiabetic drug, and statins, was extracted from treatment and drug use records. Biochemistry markers were measured immediately at the central laboratory from serum samples collected at baseline. Binge drinking was defined as consumption of ≥6 standard drinks/day for women or ≥8 standard drinks/day for men. Detailed information on alcohol consumption and binge drinking in the UK Biobank was reported previously. 16

Statistical analysis

Characteristics of participants are summarised as number (percentages) for categorical variables and mean (standard deviation (SD)) for continuous variables. Comparisons between regular users of fish oil supplements and non-users were made with the χ 2 test or Student's t test.

We used a multi-state regression model to assess the role of regular use of fish oil supplements in the temporal disease progression from healthy status to atrial fibrillation, to major adverse cardiovascular events, and subsequently to death. The multi-state model is an extension of competing risks survival analysis. 17–19 The model allows simultaneous estimation of the role of risk factors in transitions from a healthy state to atrial fibrillation (transition A), healthy state to major adverse cardiovascular events (transition B), healthy state to death (transition C), atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events (transition D), atrial fibrillation to death (transition E), and major adverse cardiovascular events to death (transition F) (transition pattern I, figure 2 ). The focus on these six transitions rather than on all possible health state transitions was preplanned and evidence based. If participants entered different states on the same date, we used the date of the theoretically previous state as the entry date of the latter state minus 0.5 days.

Numbers of participants in transition pattern I, from baseline to atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and death

We further examined the effects of regular use of fish oil supplements on other pathways. For example, we divided major adverse cardiovascular events into three individual diseases (heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction), resulting in three independent pathways (transition patterns II, III, and IV, online supplemental figures S1–S3 ). All models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnic group, Townsend deprivation index, consumption of oily fish, consumption of non-oily fish, smoking status, alcohol consumption, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure, and use of statins, antidiabetic drugs, and antihypertensive drugs.

Supplemental material

We conducted several sensitivity analyses for the multi-state analyses of transition pattern A: additionally adjusting for setting (urban and rural), body mass index (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese), and physical activity (low, moderate, and high) in the model; adjusting for binge drinking rather than alcohol consumption; additionally adjusting for other variables of dietary intake (consumption of vegetables, fruit, and red meat); calculating participants' entry date into the previous state with different time intervals (0.5 years, one year, and two years); excluding participants who entered different states on the same date; excluding events occurring in the first two years of follow-up; restricting the follow-up date to 31 March 2020 to evaluate the influence of the covid-19 pandemic; and the use of the inverse probability weighted method to deal with biases between the regular users and non-users of fish oil supplements. Also, we conducted grouped analyses for sex, age group, ethnic group, smoking status, consumption of oily fish, consumption of non-oily fish, hypertension, and drug use, to examine effect modification. The interactions were tested with the likelihood ratio test. All analyses were carried out with R software (version 4.0.3), and the multi-model analysis was performed with the mstate package. A two tailed P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Patient and public involvement

Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research. Participants were involved in developing the ethics and governance framework for UK Biobank and have been engaged in the progress of UK Biobank through follow-up questionnaires and additional assessment visits. UK Biobank keeps participants informed of all research output through the study website ( https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/explore-your-participation ), participant events, and newsletters.

A total of 415 737 participants (mean age 55.9 (SD 8.1) years; 55% women), aged 40-69 years, were analysed, and 31.4% (n=1 30 365) of participants reported regular use of fish oil supplements at baseline ( figure 1 ). Table 1 shows the characteristics of regular users (n=130 365) and non-users (n=285 372) of fish oil supplements. In the group of regular users of fish oil supplements, we found higher proportions of elderly people (22.6% v 13.9%), white people (95.1% v 94.2%), and women (57.6% v 53.9%), and higher consumption of alcohol (93.1% v 92.0%), oily fish (22.1% v 15.4%), and non-oily fish (18.0% v 15.4%) than non-users. The Townsend deprivation index (mean −1.5 (SD 3.0) v −1.3 (3.0)) and the proportion of current smokers (8.1% v 11.4%) were lower in regular users of fish oil supplements. Online supplemental table S1 provides more details on patient characteristics and online supplemental table S2 compares the basic characteristics of included and excluded people.

View inline

Baseline characteristics of study participants grouped by use of fish oil supplements

Over a median follow-up time of of 11.9 years, 18 367 participants had atrial fibrillation (transition A) and 17 826 participants had major adverse cardiovascular events (transition B); 14 902 participants died without having atrial fibrillation or major adverse cardiovascular events (transition C). Among patients with incident atrial fibrillation, 4810 developed major adverse cardiovascular events (transition D) and 1653 died (transition E). Among patients with incident major adverse cardiovascular events, 5585 died during follow-up (transition F, figure 2 ). In separate analyses for individual diseases (transition patterns II, III, and IV, online supplemental figures S1–S3 ), in patients with atrial fibrillation, 3085 developed heart failure, 1180 had a stroke, and 1415 had a myocardial infarction. During follow-up, 2436, 2088, and 2098 deaths occurred in patients with heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction, respectively.

Multi-state regression results

Table 2 shows the different roles of regular use of fish oil supplements in transitions from healthy status to atrial fibrillation, to major adverse cardiovascular events, and then to death. For individuals in the primary stage (healthy status), we found that the use of fish oil supplements had a harmful effect on the transition from health to atrial fibrillation, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.13 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.17, transition A). The hazard ratio for transition B (from health to major adverse cardiovascular events) was 1.00 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.04) and for transition C (from health to death) was 0.98 (0.95 to 1.02).

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for each transition, for different transition patterns for progressive cardiovascular disease by regular use of fish oil supplements

For individuals in the secondary stage (atrial fibrillation) at the beginning of the study, regular use of fish oil supplements decreased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (transition D, hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.98), and had a borderline protective effect on the transition from atrial fibrillation to death (transition E, 0.91, 0.82 to 1.01). For transition F, from major adverse cardiovascular events to death, after adjusting for covariates, the hazard ratio was 0.99 (0.94 to 1.06, transition pattern I, table 2 ).

We divided major adverse cardiovascular events into three individual diseases (ie, heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction) and found that regular use of fish oil supplements was marginally associated with an increased risk of stroke in people with a healthy cardiovascular state (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11), whereas a protective effect was found in transitions from healthy cardiovascular states to heart failure (0.92, 0.86 to 0.98). For patients with atrial fibrillation, we found that the beneficial effects of regular use of fish oil supplements were for transitions from atrial fibrillation to myocardial infarction (0.85, 0.76 to 0.96), and from atrial fibrillation to death (0.88, 0.81 to 0.95) for transition pattern IV. For patients with heart failure, we found a protective effect of regular use of fish oil supplements on the risk of mortality (0.91, 0.84 to 0.99) (transition patterns II, III, and IV, table 2 ).

Stratified and sensitivity analyses

We found that age, sex, smoking, consumption of non-oily fish, prevalent hypertension, and use of statins and antihypertensive drugs modified the associations between regular use of fish oil supplements and the transition from healthy states to atrial fibrillation ( online supplemental figure S4 ). We found that the association between regular use of fish oil supplements and risk of transition from healthy states to major adverse cardiovascular events was greater in women (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11, P value for interaction=0.005) and non-smoking participants (1.06, 1.06 to 1.11, P value for interaction=0.001) ( online supplemental figure S4 ). The protective effect of regular use of fish oil supplements on the transition from healthy states to death was greater in men (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98, P value for interaction=0.003) and older participants (0.91, 0.86 to o 0.96, P value for interaction=0.002) ( online supplemental figures S5 and S6 ). The results were not substantially changed in the sensitivity analyses ( online supplemental table S3 ).

Principal findings

Our study characterised the regular use of fish oil supplements on the progressive course of cardiovascular disease, from a healthy state (primary stage), to atrial fibrillation (secondary stage), major adverse cardiovascular events (tertiary stage), and death (end stage). In this prospective analysis of more than 400 000 UK adults, we found that regular use of fish oil supplements could have a differential role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. For people with a healthy cardiovascular profile, regular use of fish oil supplements, a choice of primary prevention, was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. For participants with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, however, regular use of fish oil supplements, as secondary prevention, had a protective effect or no effect on transitions from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events, atrial fibrillation to death, and major adverse cardiovascular events to death. When we divided major adverse cardiovascular events into three individual diseases (ie, heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction), we found associations that could suggest a mildly harmful effect between regular use of fish oil supplements and transitions from a healthy cardiovascular state to stroke, whereas potential beneficial associations were found between regular use of fish oil supplements and transitions from atrial fibrillation to myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation to death, and heart failure to death.

Comparison with other studies

Primary prevention.

The cardiovascular benefits of regular use of fish oil supplements have been examined in numerous studies but the results are controversial. Extending previous reports, our study estimated the associations between regular use of fish oil supplements and specific clinical cardiovascular disease outcomes in people with no known cardiovascular disease. Our findings are in agreement with the results of several previous randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses. The Long-Term Outcomes Study to Assess Statin Residual Risk with Epanova in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients with Hypertriglyceridaemia (STRENGTH) reported that consumption of 4 g/day of marine omega 3 fatty acids was associated with a 69% higher risk of new onset atrial fibrillation in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease. 20 A meta-analysis of seven randomised controlled trials showed that users of marine omega 3 fatty acids supplements had a higher risk of atrial fibrillation events, with a hazard ratio of 1.25 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.46, P=0.013). 21 The Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL Rhythm study), a large trial of omega 3 fatty acids for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults aged ≥50 years, however, found no effects on incident atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, or cardiovascular disease mortality among those treated with 840 mg/day of marine omega 3 fatty acids compared with placebo. 10 22

One possible explanation for the inconsistent results in these studies is that adverse effects might be related to dose and composition. Higher doses of omega 3 fatty acids used in previous studies might have had an important role in causing an adverse effect on atrial fibrillation. 21 One study found that high concentrations of fish oil altered cell membrane properties and inhibited Na-K-ATPase pump activity, whereas a low concentration of fish oil minimised peroxidation potential and optimised activity. 23 In another study, individuals with atrial fibrillation or flutter had higher percentages of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on red blood cell membranes than healthy controls. 24

In terms of composition of omega 3 fatty acids, a recent meta-analysis showed that eicosapentaenoic acid alone can be more effective at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease than the combined effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. 25 Similar outcomes were reported in the INSPIRE study, which showed that higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid reduced the cardiovascular benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid when given as a combination. 26 Another possible explanation is that age, sex, ethnic group, smoking status, dietary patterns, and use of statins and antidiabetic drugs by participants might modify the effects of regular use of fish oil supplements on cardiovascular disease events. Despite these differences in risk estimates, our findings do not support the use of fish oil or omega 3 fatty acid supplements for the primary prevention of incident atrial fibrillation or other specific clinical cardiovascular disease events in generally healthy individuals. Caution might be warranted when fish oil supplements are used for primary prevention because of the uncertain cardiovascular benefits.

Secondary prevention

Our large scale cohort study assessed the role of regular use of fish oil supplements on the disease process, from atrial fibrillation to more serious cardiovascular disease stages, to death, in people with known cardiovascular disease. Contrary to the observations for primary prevention, we found associations that could suggest beneficial effects between regular use of fish oil supplements and most cardiovascular disease transitions. No associations were found between regular use of fish oil supplements and transitions from atrial fibrillation to death, or from major adverse cardiovascular events to death.

Consistent with our hypothesis, the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI) Prevenzione study reported an association between administration of low dose prescriptions of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduced cardiovascular events in patients with recent myocardial infarction. 27 A meta-analysis of 16 randomised controlled trials also reported a tendency towards a greater beneficial effect for secondary prevention in patients with cardiovascular disease. 28 Why patients with previous atrial fibrillation benefit is unclear. These findings indicate that triglyceride independent effects of omega 3 fatty acids might in part be responsible for the benefits in cardiovascular disease seen in previous trials. 29–31 No proven biological mechanism for this explanation exists, however, and the dose and formulation of omega 3 fatty acids used in clinical practice are not known.

For the disease process, from cardiovascular disease to death, our findings are consistent with the results of secondary prevention trials of omega 3 fatty acids, which have mostly shown a weak or neutral preventive effect in all cause mortality with oil fish supplements. The GISSI heart failure trial (GISSI-HF), conducted in 6975 patients with chronic heart failure, reported that supplemental omega 3 fatty acids reduced the risk of all cause mortality by 9% (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.833 to 0.998, P=0.041). 32 Zelniker et al showed that omega 3 fatty acids were inversely associated with a lower incidence of sudden cardiac death in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. 33 A meta-analysis found that use of omega 3 supplements of ≤1 capsule/day was not associated with all cause mortality, but among participants with a risk of cardiovascular disease, taking a higher dose was associated with a reduction in cardiac death and sudden death. 28 Individuals who might benefit the most from fish oil or omega 3 fatty acid supplements are possibly more vulnerable individuals, such as those with previous cardiovascular diseases and those who can no longer live in the community. How fish oil supplements stop further deterioration of cardiovascular disease is unclear, but the theory that supplemental omega 3 fatty acids might protect the coronary artery is biologically plausible, suggesting that omega 3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertriglyceridaemia effects, contributing to a reduction in thrombosis and improvement in endothelial function. 34–41 Nevertheless, the effects of omega 3 fatty acids vary according to an individual's previous use of statins, which might partly explain the different effects of fish oil supplements in people with and without cardiovascular disease.

Many studies of omega 3 fatty acids, including large scale clinical trials and meta-analyses, have not produced entirely consistent results. 21 25 42 Our study mainly explored the varied potential effects of regular use of fish oil supplements on progression of cardiovascular disease, offering an initial overview of this ongoing discussion. Our findings suggest caution in the use of fish oil supplements for primary prevention because of the uncertain cardiovascular benefits and adverse effects. Further studies are needed to determine whether potential confounders modify the effects of oil fish supplements and the precise mechanisms related to the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease events.

Strengths and limitations of this study

The strengths of our study were the large sample size, long follow-up period, which allowed us to analyse clinically diagnosed incident diseases, and complete data on health outcomes. Another strength was our analytical strategy. The multi-state model gives less biased estimates than the conventional Cox model, and distinguished the effect of regular use of fish oil supplements on each transition in the course of cardiovascular disease.

Our study had some limitations. Firstly, as an observational study, no causal relations can be drawn from our findings. Secondly, although we adjusted for multiple covariates, residual confounding could still exist. Thirdly, information on dose and formulation of the fish oil supplements was not available in this study, so we could not evaluate potential dose dependent effects or differentiate between the effects of different fish oil formulations. Fourthly, the use of hospital inpatient data for determining atrial fibrillation events could have excluded some events triggered by acute episodes, such as surgery, trauma, and similar conditions, resulting in underestimation of the true risk because undiagnosed atrial fibrillation is a common occurrence. 43 Fifthly, most of the participants in this study were from the white ethnic group and whether the findings can be generalised to other ethnic groups is not known. Finally, our study did not consider behavioural changes in populations with different cardiovascular profiles because of limited information, and variations in outcomes for different cardiovascular states merits further exploration.

Conclusions

This large scale prospective study of a UK cohort suggested that regular use of fish oil supplements might have differential roles in the course of cardiovascular diseases. Regular use of fish oil supplements might be a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and stroke among the general population but could be beneficial for disease progression, from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events, and from atrial fibrillation to death. Further studies are needed to determine whether potential confounders modify the effects of oil fish supplements and the precise mechanisms for the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease events.

Ethics statements

Patient consent for publication.

Consent obtained directly from patients.

Ethics approval

The UK Biobank study obtained ethical approval from the North West Multicentre Research ethics committee, Information Advisory Group, and the Community Health Index Advisory Group (REC reference for UK Biobank 11/NW/0382). Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.

Acknowledgments

This study was conducted with UK Biobank Resource (application No: 69550). We appreciate all participants and professionals contributing to UK Biobank.

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Supplementary materials

Supplementary data.

This web only file has been produced by the BMJ Publishing Group from an electronic file supplied by the author(s) and has not been edited for content.

Data supplement 1
Data supplement 2

GYL and HL are joint senior authors.

Contributors HL supervised the whole project and designed the work. GC and HL directly accessed and verified the underlying data reported in the manuscript. GC contributed to data interpretation and writing of the report. ZQ, SZ, JZ, ZZ, MGV, HEA, CW, and GYHL contributed to the discussion and data interpretation, and revised the manuscript. All authors had full access to all of the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The corresponding author attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted. HL is the guarantor. Transparency: The lead author (guarantor) affirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.

Funding This work was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant No INV-016826). Under the grant conditions of the foundation, a creative commons attribution 4.0 generic license has already been assigned to the author accepted manuscript version that might arise from this submission. The funder had no role in considering the study design or in the collection, analysis, interpretation of data, writing of the report, or decision to submit the article for publication.

Competing interests All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/disclosure-of-interest/ and declare: support from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 21 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Our commitment to delivering trustworthy and engaging content is at the heart of what we do. Each fact on our site is contributed by real users like you, bringing a wealth of diverse insights and information. To ensure the highest standards of accuracy and reliability, our dedicated editors meticulously review each submission. This process guarantees that the facts we share are not only fascinating but also credible. Trust in our commitment to quality and authenticity as you explore and learn with us.

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The table below gives the list of various Clinical Research course fees based on the level of courses. Course Level. Duration. Course Fees. Certificate in Clinical Research. Few weeks - 6 months. INR 10,000 - 40,000. Diploma & PG Diploma in Clinical Research. 1 - 2 years.
Clinical Research
Here we have provided a list of Clinical Research Courses after the 12th for the convenience of the students: Course Name Course Fee; BSc Clinical Research: INR 50,000 to INR 1,20,000 ... Candidates who are committed to learning about the know-how of research in the medical and clinical disciplines should strongly consider a career in clinical ...
Medical Courses After 12th in US
After completing the initial four years of medical courses in the USA after 12th for Indian students, one must complete a one-year internship. Graduates of the BDS program can work in dental hospitals, academic institutions, and research centers or start their own dental practice.
Medical Courses After 12th Class: A Comprehensive Guide
Radiology technicians work in hospitals and diagnostic centres. In conclusion, choosing medical courses after 12th class is a pivotal decision that shapes your future career trajectory. This guide has provided a comprehensive overview of the various medical courses available, highlighting their durations, fees, job prospects, and average salaries.
Different Medical Courses After 12th
Due to this, many universities offer an array of degree programs at different levels to students. Given below are the best colleges for studying Medical courses after the 12th. Harvard University. University of Oxford. University of Cambridge. Stanford University. Karolinska Institute.
List Of Medical Courses After Class 12th
There are 36 courses which belong to Medical and which a person is eligible to pursue after Class 12th. They can get admission in all the affiliated Universities spread across the states of Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, etc. There are 3091 colleges offering Medical that a student can ...
Medical Courses: After 12th, Colleges, Syllabus, Exams, Jobs, Salary 2024
Udemy, Coursera, edX, and Simplilearn offer medical courses and degrees online in collaboration with foreign Universities. Doctor, Surgeon, and General Physician is the most popular profession after pursuing medical courses after the 12th. Doctors can expect to earn INR 50,000 - INR 1,00,000 annually as freshers.
Courses After 12th For Becoming A Research Scientist In India
Let's see about the courses to opt for, colleges and admissions, and also about the career options. Courses to become a scientist: If a student wants to be a scientist, preparing early is the best thing. After the 12th examination, they must think and wisely choose a field of specialization that they want to be a scientist.
How to Study Medicine (MD/MBBS) in USA after 12th
IELTS / TOEFL Fees: $180 - $250. Tuition Fees for MBBS in USA. Fees for MBBS in the USA have two components: the cost of pursuing BS degree and tuition fees of the MD program. Average tuition fees for both of them are provided below: BS in medicine-related field: USD $20,000 to $50,000 (~ INR 15 - 38 Lacs) per annum.
List of Top Courses After 12th PCB: Best Options
Agricultural Sciences-. You can enrol in a BSc in Agricultural Sciences after completing your class 12th from the PCB stream. You can specialise in various fields, including animal science, viticulture and oenology, horticulture science, nutrition and food sciences, agribusiness, and more. It is mainly a four-year course.
How medical schools can prepare students for new technologies
Education and training of medical students and doctors on these new technologies and concepts is crucial. The time allotted for diabetes training in many medical curricula has remained constant as ...
1 Year Medical Courses after 12th
There are several 1 Year Medical Courses after 12th that candidates can choose to study to start their career in the medical sector. Some of the popular ones are Diploma in Radiology, Diploma in Child Health, Diploma in Nursing, Diploma in Dialysis, and Diploma in Physiotherapy. The minimum eligibility criteria to study these 1 year medical ...
Medical Courses List After 12th
The following are the top 20 medical courses that should be on your radar: List of the Best Medical Courses List After 12th. MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) B.Sc Nutrition and Dietetics. BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) B.Sc Biotechnology. BAMS (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery)
Top 10 Medical Courses after 12th
4. Bachelors in Pharmacy (B. Pharma) B. Pharm is a course well suited for students exploring medical line courses after 12th and is considered one of the best medical courses after 12th. It caters to those interested in careers related to various medicines, drug testing, medicine dosage, and more. Upon completing the course, individuals can ...
Best Courses after 12th Biology
1. MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) MBBS is one of the most prominent courses after 12th Biology. It is a combination of two professional degrees a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery. It is a five-year course which comprises basic, pre and para-clinical subjects.
Medical Courses After 12th without NEET 2024: High Salary Courses
The course identifies as a scientific research-oriented medical courses after 12th without NEET 2024. Upon completing this course, students are presented with many job opportunities such as Clinical Research Associate, Biomedical Scientist, Research Assistant, Environmental Microbiologists, Quality Assurance Technologists, Sales Technical ...
Medical Courses After 12th Without NEET, Medical Diploma Courses, and
Medical Courses After 12th BIPC Without NEET and EAMCET. After 12th BIPC, one can pursue numerous courses in Science, Arts, Management, etc. ... NIMMS, Noida International University, J. Watumull Global Hospital and Research Centre: INR 20,000 - 1,00,000: PG Diploma in Geriatric Medicine: IGNOU: INR 26,000: Diploma in Medical Terminology:
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Elektrostal Map
Elektrostal is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 58 kilometers east of Moscow. Elektrostal has about 158,000 residents. Mapcarta, the open map.
Regular use of fish oil supplements and course of cardiovascular
Objective To examine the effects of fish oil supplements on the clinical course of cardiovascular disease, from a healthy state to atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and subsequently death. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting UK Biobank study, 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010, with follow-up to 31 March 2021 (median follow-up 11.9 years). Participants 415 737 ...
40 Facts About Elektrostal
40 Facts About Elektrostal. Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to ...
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What are the Top 14 Medical Courses after 12th? Detailed Guide!

Top 14 Medical Courses after 12th

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