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Khmer New Year: A Celebration of Culture, Tradition, and Renewal

Introduction

The Khmer New Year, also known as Choul Chnam Thmey, is one of the most significant festivals celebrated in Cambodia. It marks the end of the harvest season and the beginning of the new year according to the Khmer lunar calendar. This vibrant and joyous celebration is a time for Cambodians to come together, honor their traditions, and welcome the new year with renewed hope and optimism.

History and Significance

The Khmer New Year has its roots in ancient Hindu and Buddhist traditions. It is believed to have been celebrated for thousands of years, dating back to the time of the Khmer Empire. The festival is deeply intertwined with agricultural practices, as it signifies the end of the harvest season and the start of the rainy season, which is crucial for rice cultivation.

During this time, Cambodians pay homage to their ancestors and seek blessings for the year ahead. They believe that by performing traditional rituals and making offerings, they can ensure good fortune, prosperity, and happiness for themselves and their loved ones.

Preparations for the Khmer New Year

Preparations for the Khmer New Year begin well in advance. Cambodians clean and decorate their homes, preparing them for the arrival of ancestral spirits. They also engage in a thorough spring cleaning, symbolizing the removal of any negative energy from the previous year.

Another important aspect of the preparations is the creation of sand mounds or “Phnom Khsach,” which represent mountains. These mounds are adorned with colorful flags and are believed to be a symbol of good luck and prosperity.

Traditional Customs and Activities

The Khmer New Year is a time of joy and celebration. Cambodians engage in various customs and activities to mark the occasion. One of the most prominent traditions is the pouring of scented water over Buddha statues and the elderly. This act is seen as a way to cleanse and purify oneself and to show respect to the elderly.

Another popular activity during the Khmer New Year is the building of sand pagodas. These intricate structures are crafted by hand and serve as temporary places of worship. People gather around the pagodas to offer prayers and make offerings.

Dancing and music play a significant role in the festivities. The traditional dance known as “Robam Tep Apsara” is performed by both amateurs and professionals, showcasing the grace and beauty of Khmer culture. Traditional games, such as “Chol Chhoung” and “Bos Angkunh,” are also played, adding to the festive atmosphere.

Food and Cuisine

No celebration is complete without delicious food, and the Khmer New Year is no exception. Cambodians indulge in a variety of traditional dishes during this time. One popular dish is “Kralan,” a sticky rice cake cooked in bamboo tubes. Another favorite is “Num Ansom Chek,” a banana leaf-wrapped sticky rice cake filled with sweet or savory ingredients.

Other festive delicacies include “Trey Chean,” a fish soup, and “Samlor Korko,” a vegetable stew. These dishes are prepared with love and care, using fresh ingredients that reflect the abundance of the harvest season.

The Khmer New Year is a time of vibrant celebration and deep cultural significance for the people of Cambodia. It is a time to honor traditions, connect with loved ones, and embrace the spirit of renewal. Through traditional customs, activities, and delicious cuisine, Cambodians come together to welcome the new year with joy, gratitude, and hope for a prosperous future.

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Celebrating Khmer New Year: Cambodia’s Heart and Soul

Embracing the Spirit of Choul Chnam Thmey

Every April, Cambodia transforms under the vibrant spirit of Khmer New Year, locally cherished as “Choul Chnam Thmey,” meaning “Enter the New Year.” This festival, arguably the most important in the Cambodian calendar, is a spectacle of joy and community spirit that marks the end of the harvest season. Its significance is profound, weaving together the cultural, social, and spiritual life of the Cambodian people.

A Time of Renewal and Joy

Khmer New Year is celebrated over three days in mid-April, each with its own unique customs and rituals. This timing coincides with the end of the harvesting season, providing farmers a well-deserved break after months of hard work in the fields. It’s a time when Cambodians from all walks of life pause, reflect, and celebrate.

Day One: Maha Songkran

The celebration kicks off with Maha Songkran, a day when Cambodians clean and decorate their homes with an array of colorful fruits and flowers. Offerings are made to bless the household with happiness and prosperity for the coming year. Families gather to share meals and stories, setting the tone for the days to follow.

Day Two: Virak Vanabat

The second day, Virak Vanabat, focuses on family. It’s customary to honor elders and deceased relatives, reflecting the strong familial bonds that are at the core of Cambodian culture. Acts of charity are also performed, embodying the spirit of generosity that defines this holiday.

Day Three: Vearak Loeng Sak

The celebrations culminate on Vearak Loeng Sak, a day of purification. Statues of Buddha, as well as elderly family members, are gently washed with perfumed water, symbolizing purification and forgiveness. It’s a poignant reminder of the values of respect and reverence that are fundamental to Cambodian society.

The Festivities of Siem Reap

While Khmer New Year is celebrated nationwide, there is something magical about experiencing it in Siem Reap. This historical city, famed for its majestic temples, comes alive with cultural performances, traditional games, and festive parades. The air is filled with music from traditional instruments, and the streets are lined with locals and tourists alike, all eager to partake in the joyous atmosphere.

Culinary Delights

No Cambodian festival would be complete without its traditional cuisine. Khmer New Year is a perfect time to savor dishes like Amok, a delicious fish curry steamed in banana leaves, or Kralan, a sticky rice cake cooked in bamboo. These dishes are not just meals; they are a bridge to Cambodia’s rich culinary heritage.

Unity and Joy in Tradition

Khmer New Year is more than just a holiday; it’s a vibrant affirmation of life and community. It brings together people from all ages and backgrounds in a celebration that transcends the simple marking of a new year to become a joyful affirmation of family, community, and national identity.

As the fireworks light up the night sky and the music floats through the air, one cannot help but feel a profound connection to this incredible country and its people. Here, in the heart of Cambodia, the spirit of Choul Chnam Thmey reminds us all of the beauty of shared moments and new beginnings.

Come and experience the magic of Khmer New Year – a celebration where every visitor is treated like family, and every moment is an invitation to partake in something truly spectacular.

Surya Narayan

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Cambodia National Festival: Celebrating Khmer New Year

Welcome to the vibrant and culturally rich nation of Cambodia, where the spirit of celebration and tradition is embodied in the Cambodia National Festival known as Khmer New Year. In this article, we will delve into the history, rituals, cultural significance, and regional variations of this festive occasion. Join us on this journey as we explore the vibrant tapestry of Cambodia’s most cherished festival.

Table of Contents

The History and Origins of Cambodia National Festival

Tracing its roots back centuries, Khmer New Year finds its origins deeply ingrained in Cambodian culture and tradition. It is a time when families come together, paying homage to their ancestors and seeking blessings for the year ahead. This festive occasion represents a fusion of Hindu and Buddhist customs, and it holds great importance in the hearts of the Cambodian people.

Dates and Duration of the Khmer New Year

Khmer New Year is celebrated annually in mid-April, coinciding with the end of the harvesting season and the arrival of the solar new year. The festival lasts for three days, with each day carrying its unique significance. The specific dates of the festival follow the lunar calendar, emphasizing the strong connection between nature and Cambodian culture.

Rituals and Traditions during Khmer New Year

Before the festivities begin, Cambodians engage in various cleansing rituals and preparations. Houses are thoroughly cleaned, and offerings are made at local pagodas. One of the most exhilarating aspects of Khmer New Year is the Water Festival, where people engage in playful water fights symbolizing the cleansing of the old year’s misfortunes.

As the celebrations unfold, traditional games, dances, and music take center stage. Locals and tourists alike partake in activities such as Chol Chhnam Thmey (throwing a colorful scarf), Leaks (a traditional game), and traditional Khmer dance performances. These customs create an atmosphere of joy and camaraderie.

Food and Cuisine during Khmer New Year

No celebration in Cambodia is complete without the presence of delicious traditional food. During Khmer New Year, families gather to prepare and share a wide array of culinary delights. From aromatic curries and flavorful stir-fries to mouthwatering desserts, the festive table is a testament to the richness of Cambodian cuisine. Each dish holds symbolic meaning, representing prosperity, luck, and good fortune.

Cultural Significance of Cambodia National Festival

Khmer New Year serves as a reminder of the core values that underpin Cambodian society. It emphasizes unity, respect for elders, and the importance of family ties. The festival provides an opportunity for younger generations to learn about their cultural heritage and the customs passed down through generations. It also showcases the resilience and vibrant spirit of the Cambodian people.

Regional Variations in Celebrating Khmer New Year

While Khmer New Year is celebrated throughout Cambodia, there are regional variations that add diversity and uniqueness to the festivities. Major cities such as Phnom Penh and Siem Reap have their own distinctive customs and traditions. Rural areas often showcase more traditional practices, providing visitors with a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Cambodia’s cultural diversity.

Tourism and Economic Impact of Khmer New Year

In recent years, Khmer New Year has gained popularity among international tourists. The festival’s unique traditions, vibrant atmosphere, and warm hospitality attract visitors from around the world. This influx of tourists brings economic benefits to local businesses, contributing to the growth of Cambodia’s tourism industry. Moreover, it helps create employment opportunities for the local communities.

Challenges and Changes in Modern Celebrations

As Cambodia embraces modernity, the celebration of Khmer New Year has seen some changes. Commercialization and the influence of Western culture have impacted certain aspects of the festival. However, there are concerted efforts to preserve and promote authentic traditions. Organizations and local communities work together to safeguard the core essence of Khmer New Year, ensuring its continuation for future generations.

Khmer New Year, the national festival of Cambodia, encapsulates the spirit and essence of the Cambodian people. It is a time of joy, unity, and cultural pride. From its historical origins to the vibrant celebrations of the present day, this festival serves as a testament to the resilience and rich heritage of Cambodia. So come, immerse yourself in the festivities, and witness the beauty of Khmer New Year firsthand.

Q1: What are the traditional beliefs associated with Khmer New Year?

A1: Traditional beliefs during Khmer New Year revolve around paying respect to ancestors, seeking blessings, and honoring Buddhist principles.

Q2: Are there any specific clothing customs during Khmer New Year?

A2: Yes, wearing traditional attire, such as the Sampot, is a common practice during the festival. It adds to the cultural significance and enhances the festive ambiance.

Q3: Can tourists participate in Khmer New Year celebrations?

A3: Absolutely! Tourists are welcome to join the festivities and experience the vibrant atmosphere of Khmer New Year. It is a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in Cambodian culture.

Q4: How does the Water Festival contribute to the celebration?

A4: The Water Festival symbolizes the cleansing of the old year’s misfortunes and the welcoming of the new year with a fresh start. It is a joyous occasion where locals engage in playful water fights.

Q5: How can I learn more about Khmer New Year and its traditions?

A5: To delve deeper into the cultural aspects of Khmer New Year, consider visiting local museums, attending traditional dance performances, and engaging with local communities. It’s an enriching experience that allows for a deeper understanding of Cambodian traditions.

References:

• Chhay, R. (2016). Cultural Heritage Tourism in Cambodia: Issues and Challenges. In Handbook of Research on Cross-Cultural Business Education (pp. 432-447). IGI Global.
• Ingersoll, A. (2019). Cambodia’s Khmer New Year: Ritual, Unity and Reconciliation. Journal of the Siam Society, 107, 77-97.
• Kershaw, R. (2015). Cambodian Dance Celebration: Celebrating the Khmer New Year. Asian Theatre Journal, 32(2), 346-349.

Featured Image Credits : vecstock/FreePik

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Khmer New Year

Author(s): Leng Lim, Secretary of Board of Directors of Khmer Community, Seattle, WA

Community Reviewer(s): Paularita Seng

Date Authored: April 19, 2002

Date Last Reviewed: April 23, 2008

Note: ‘Khmer’ and ‘Cambodian’

When seeing or hearing the word “Khmer” such as Khmer New Year, Khmer Community, or Khmer Temple, many people are not familiar with the word and they ask what “Khmer” is?   In practice, the two words, “Khmer” and “Cambodian”, can be used to replace each other. For example, one might say Khmer New Year or Cambodian New Year; Khmer People or Cambodian People.  The exception is when talking about “Khmer Rouge” (it is  not  correct to use the word Cambodian instead of Khmer in this case).  (For information about the Khmer Rouge see:  Cambodian Cultural Profile )

The word “Kampuchea” means a country of Khmer people.  Kampuchea can be translated as “Khmer country”. The French call Kampuchea “Le Cambodge”; the Khmer male is called “Le Cambodgien”; and the Khmer female is called “La Cambodgienne”.  A bit different from French, the English name for the country is “Cambodia” and the Khmer people are called “Cambodian.” However, the full definition of what is Khmer and what is Cambodian remains a large topic of discussion among Khmer or Cambodian intellectuals.

In Cambodia, Khmer New Year is the greatest traditional festival, and also the greatest national holiday.  It is three days of festival and sometimes can be four days. Khmer New Year begins on April 13th or can begin on April 14th, depending on the “MohaSangkran,” which is the ancient horoscope. In fact, Khmer New Year originally began on the first day of the first month in the lunar calendar, which can be in November or the beginning of December. In the Angkor Era, the 13th Century, the Khmer King, either Suriyavaraman II or Jayavaraman VII, changed the New Year to the fifth month of the lunar calendar, in April by the solar calendar. 95% of Khmer population are farmers, and the period from November through March is the busiest season for Khmer farmers to reap or harvest the crops from the rice fields. Khmer people can find free time in April because there is no rain, and it is very hot, so Khmer farmers have the time to take vacation after they have worked very hard to gather the rice crops from their fields to get their income. Therefore, April is the right time for Khmer in Cambodia to celebrate New Year.

The Khmer New Year festival originated from Bramhmanism, a part of Hinduism, which was a religion that Khmer believed in before Buddhism. Later on, Buddhism became associated with the festival and then took all the important roles in the festivity.

Usually, Khmer New Year is celebrated for three days:

The first day of New Year is called Moha Sangkran, and it can be described simply as the inauguration of the New Angels who come to take care of the world for a one-year period. The leader of Angels is named “KimiteaTevi. People need to clean and decorate the house and also prepare fruits and drinks for the New Year inauguration and to welcome the New Angels at every single home. 

Elderly people like to meditate or pray the Dharma at that time because they believe that any angel who comes to their houses at that time will stay with them and take care of their family for the whole year. Actually, in the morning of the first day of New Year, most Khmer people prepare food to offer the monks at Khmer temple to get blessed. It is a great time for boys and girls to play traditional games together at the temple or any field or playground in their village because it is only at the New Year time that boys and girls are allowed to play or get together socially. Also it is a wonderful time for single people to search for the special partner to get married to in the future. In the past several decades, “dating” did not exist in Cambodia.

The second day of New Year is called Wanabot, which means day of offering gifts to the parents, grandparents and elders. Usually, Khmer People like to share gifts or presents to employees and also donate money or clothes to poor people. In the evening, people go to temple to build a mountain of sand and ask the monks to give them a blessing of happiness and peace.

The third day is called day of “Leung Sakk;” that means the year starts to be counted up from this day, for example it is when the year of 2000 would change and begin to be 2001.  Traditionally, in the morning, people would go to the temple to perform the ceremony of the mountain of sand to get blessed. In the evening, to complete the New Year festival, Khmer people need to perform the last ceremony, called “Pithi Srang Preah”, which means giving a special bath or a special shower to Buddha statues, the monks, elders, parents and grandparents in order to apologize for any mistake done to them and to gratify them. Everyone has a wonderful time during this ceremony because it is a great opportunity for everyone, young and old, man and woman, to have much fun by spreading out water to each other.

Khmer New Year is not just the great traditional festival for Cambodians, it can allow Cambodians to build up many unforgettable souvenirs and memories.

Disclaimer: EthnoMed is designed for educational purposes only and is not rendering medical advice or professional services. Any medical decisions should be made in consultation with your doctors. Harborview Medical Center and UW Medicine will not be liable for any complication, injuries or other medical accidents arising from or in connection with the use of or reliance upon information on this website.

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Khmer New Year

Maha Sangkran (មហាសង្រ្កាន្ត) Maha Sangkran, derived from Sanskrit Maha Sankranti, is the name of the first day of the new year celebration. It is the end of the year and the beginning of a new one. People dress up and light candles and burn incense sticks at shrines, where the members of each family pay homage to offer thanks for the Buddha's teachings by bowing, kneeling and prostrating themselves three times in front of his image. For good luck people wash their face with holy water in the morning, their chests at noon, and their feet in the evening before they go to bed.

As an American who grew up with a first-generation Cambodian best friend, I’ve always been fascinated by Cambodian or, Khmer, culture. I was introduced to Khmer cuisine, traditions, and its rich history at a very young age, so the first time I went to Southeast Asia, I headed straight to Siem Reap, Cambodia. I wanted to see for myself the country that my friend’s family had called home before having to flee during the Khmer Rouge , a genocide of the Khmer people by Pol Pot that lasted from 1975 to 1979.

That first visit to Cambodia had a profound effect on me. It was even more beautiful than the pictures I’d seen. The temples, Angkor Wat in particular, were the type of ancient architecture that takes your breath away. The first visit involved a lot of “pinch me” moments, as I explored the city solo and a guide drove me out to dozens of temples tucked in the forests of the countryside. Although I've been to over 40 countries, to this day, Cambodia remains my favorite. I have never met a more welcoming and kind group of people, so proud of their history.

Unfortunately, during that first visit, as the city was preparing for their New Year, I had an outbound flight to Chiang Mai. I promised myself I’d return during the Khmer New Year as soon as I could. I may have experienced aspects of it, thanks to my friendship with Thalika and her family, but to celebrate the most important and sacred holiday of the Khmer people while actually in Cambodia would be the experience of a lifetime — one I plan to be part of once travel is safe again.

Cambodian New Year is the celebration of the solar new year and the biggest celebration of the year in Cambodia. Similar to other New Year festivities in Asian cultures, it combines tradition with religion, and puts a big focus on honoring ancestors and elders. While there are parties with lots of traditional foods and drinks, the three days are filled with Buddhist ceremonies that center on giving thanks, making offerings to deceased loved ones, and donating to those less fortunate.

Running from Wednesday, April 14, to Friday, April 16, in 2021, Cambodian New Year is the perfect introduction to Khmer culture, history, traditions, and values. Here are six things to know about this important holiday that are bound to inspire you to book a flight to Cambodia as soon as you can go.

It’s Technically Khmer New Year

If we’re going to talk about the Khmer (pronounced kh-MY ) people, we should use the proper word for them, which is their word: Khmer (ភាសាខ្មែរ). Khmer people live in the country of Kampuchea , which can be translated to “Khmer country.” People who are Khmer speak Khmer, formally known as Khemarapheasa . Therefore, for the sake of this piece and out of respect, we’re going to be calling it Khmer New Year ( Chol Chnam Thmey ), or KNY for short.

It’s the Most Important Celebration of the Year in the Khmer Culture

Although it’s certainly not the only celebration in Cambodia, KNY is by far the most important. The country pretty much shuts down so families can gather to both celebrate the New Year and honor their ancestors. As is the case in most Asian cultures, honor and respect play a major role in everything the Khmer do, and celebrating the New Year is no exception. While there are parties to attend with lots of food, drinking, and dancing, these parties are steeped in tradition and honor family. If you’re lucky enough to find yourself in Siem Reap during KNY, you’re likely to end up on Pub Street enjoying performances and live music with a drink in hand. Having been to a handful of Khmer weddings, I can say from personal experience that they really know how to party.

It Hasn’t Always Been in April

Khmer New Year was originally celebrated on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, which would typically fall in November or December. However, in the 13th century, during the Angkor Era, the Khmer King at the time changed the date of the New Year so it fell in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, thereby making it the date of the traditional solar new year: April. This made sense both then and now, as November to March are the busiest months for farmers. The New Year thus lines up with the end of harvest season, but takes place before the rainy season begins in May.

It Lasts Three Days

KNY takes place over three days — or sometimes four days, if the third day is a Friday. Why stop celebrating when you still have the whole weekend to go?

The first day of the New Year is called Moha Sangkran . On this day, those celebrating will dress in new yet traditional Khmer garb so they look their best when welcoming the angel of the New Year, who will arrive and stay until the next New Year.

There are seven possible angels that can appear on Moha Sangkran, and the one that appears is based on the day of the week. For example, this year Khmer New Year starts on a Wednesday, so the angel who will appear, based on legend, is Mondar Tevy . She wears champa flowers in her hair, rides a donkey, and loves milk.

In preparation for this day, people clean their homes (every single corner in case the angel checks!) and decorate with lights, plants, and offerings for the inside altar, as well as the spirit house — an outdoor roofed shrine that sits on a pillar in front of someone’s home to house the protective spirit of the family.

Inside altars — some of which are kept up all year — are given offerings of fresh fruit, traditional Khmer food, and canned drinks (especially soda). After the Khmer Rouge regime, one of the worst human genocides in history, honoring the dead during Khmer New Year became an even more important aspect of the holiday.

Older generations pray the Dharma on the first day as a way to further welcome the angel into their home, and it’s also tradition that food offerings are brought to the monks at the local pagoda or Khmer temple. For those who strictly observe the holiday, bathing in holy water three times is done on the first day as well.

The second day of the New Year is called Vireak Vanabat (also known as Vanabot ). This is the day of giving. Throughout the daylight hours, donations of money and clothes are made to those in the community who need it, and gifts are given to family members, especially elders. Families also visit their Khmer temple to receive blessings from their ancestors. In some Khmer communities — as some of these traditions are altered a bit depending on where you live — monks are asked for blessings of love, happiness, and peace after families build a pointed mound of sand to represent the Valuka Chaitya . It’s here in Valuka Chaitya where the Buddha’s diadem and hair are buried.

The third day of the New Year is called T'ngai Loeng Sak . On this day, statues and images of Buddha, as well as the elders in the community, are washed with perfume water. This washing, called Pithi Srang Preah, is the last official ceremony of the KNY. The washing of statues or images of the Buddha symbolizes washing away bad behavior and mistakes from the past year, so the family can start fresh for the upcoming year. Washing parents and grandparents is seen as both a sign of respect and a good deed. The practice is meant to bring good luck, happiness, and posterity to the elders, while the children who are doing the washing receive advice and positive energy that will last the entire year.

It’s a Feast for the Senses

If you were raised in a Khmer household, you already know there’s always amazing food being cooked. But during the three days of the New Year, families bring out the big guns of traditional dishes, not just for those alive and celebrating, but also as offerings to their ancestors.

Some of the more popular traditional dishes that are served and offered during the New Year are egg rolls; ya-hon (Khmer hot pot); Kralan , a steamed rice cake mixed with peas, grated coconut, and coconut milk that’s stuffed inside a piece of bamboo and roasted; Lort Cha fried egg noodles ; Num Pang ; and Khmer Fish Amok . One of the most prized dishes, nom ansom , is typically served as a sweet sticky rice dessert, but can also be savory when it’s made with pork and a potato-like starch filling.

It Includes Games, Contests, and World Records

When you have three days, possibly four, to fill with activities, people can get really creative . Children and adults alike engage in traditional games like Chol Chhoung , which is similar to a dance off but with singing involved; Leak Kanseng , which is a modified version of the childhood game "Duck, Duck, Goose"; and Chab Kon Kleng , played on the first night of the New Year, when adults take on the roles of hens, crows, and chicks, as the first two fight to catch as many chicks as they can.

For a few years in a row, in Siem Reap, world records were set for the largest sticky rice cake (nom ansom) ever made. The largest weighed 8,906 pounds and 10 ounces.

While there are solemn aspects to Khmer New Year, more than anything it’s a celebration of life, family, food, and tradition. In the capital of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, the last day of the New Year is filled with horse races, fireworks, boxing matches, and partying in the streets. Each part of the country puts their own spin on the holiday, as do Khmer expats all over the world, making every celebration unique in its own way.

Main photo by Dara TEK /Shutterstock.

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Choul Chhnam Khmer - New Year

Date: 13-14-15-16 April 2024

People in the world always say New Year celebrate their happy festival. They usually schedule and prepare it differently, depend on their belief and tradition. For Cambodian have hold it since past till the present.

The reason that cause to finish the old year for the are that: There have been some people believe that there is a story as following one time there were a person  "KABEL MORHAPROHM" who asked three questions to "THORM BAL KOMA, the millionaire's on, who had known the three percepts of "TRAI VITH" and ail kinds of the animal's languages. They all had promised to cut the head of the person who failed the exam "THORM BAL" have no way to find the solution, he felled very hopeless, fortunately, there were two eagles which had spoken about these questions to make "THORM BAL" could find the way to settle the problems. The time of gambling arrived "THORM BAL " had spoken that:

1. In the morning, the happiness is on the face that is why all people have to wash their face. 2. In the afternoon, the happiness is on the breath to make the people take water to wash the breath. 3. In the evening, the happiness is on the foot to make the people wash their food in the evening.

The result had broken out "KABEL MORHAPROHM" had to cut his head to give to the oldest had take it go around PRAS SOMERU mountain about 60 minutes after they all bring it to put in the center of KUHA KUNTH MALAY of KAILA mountain. In the end of the year the 7 females angles had changed their turn to take the head and go around the mountain every year till the present. This is the reason to cause "SANG KRAN" or changing the old year into the New Year.

Cambodian people are playing the Chaul Choung game in New Year Day.

Some people have believed that for a period of one year the people always face the problems like diseases or serious obstacles to make them unhappy. When the one of the year they all had celebrated a great festival called "HAPPY NEW YEAR" and the people always prepare them-self, clean the house, and take food to offer the monks.

They wear new clothes and play popular games.

The festival usually is in 3 days period. The first day is  "MOHA SANGKRAN" the second day is "VORNBORTH" and the third day is  "THNGAI LIENG SAK". For that time they start to change the old year when the angle comes to get the duties from the former angle were schedule clearly.

WHEN IS THE KHMER NEW YEAR'S (SANGKRAN) DAY CELEBRATED?

Since the period of Norkor Thom, the Khmer people used the Lunar calendar (The revolution of the moon), that why they dated Mekseh (name of the first lunar month, from mid-November to mid-December) as the Khmer New Year's month, and is the first month of the year. And Kadek (name of the last Lunar month) is the second one.

After that, they turned to use the Solar calendar (The revolution of the sun) as the most, and they dated the  Chetr  (5th Lunar month) is the New Year's month, when the sun gets to the  Mes Reasey . The Khmer New Year's day is often celebrated on the 13th April ( Chetr ), but sometime it is celebrated on the 14th April, because of the Solar calendar. The almanac which is base on the Solar calendar is called "Simple arrival or  Sangkran Thormada .

And the almanac which is based on the Lunar calendar, because the Lunar calendar is relevant to the Buddha's speeches.

Buddhist devotees pour water over the statue of a revered Buddhist monk during the New Year Celebrations.

Beside, the Khmer New Year's day that is base on the Lunar calendar isn't regular, because we sometimes celebrate it in the night of the waxing moon ( Khneut ), or in the night of the waning moon. However, we usually celebrate it around one month.

It means that we don't do it before 4th  Keut  of  Khe Pisak  (name of the Solar day) of  Khe Chetr  and not after 4th  Keut  of  Khe Pisak  (name of the 6th Lunar month), so that some of the Khmer people celebrate their New Year's day in  Khe Chetr , such as the documents written by  Mr. Chio-Takran , Khmer people celebrate this celebration with playing the hand-scarf-throwing game and they gather the statues of Buddha from everywhere to bath. In the other hand, the inscription in stone at  Preah Khan  is also stated this.

Talking about there celebrations in this New Year's Day. The Khmer people celebrate them traditionally as below.

A few days before the Khmer New Year's day, they prepared some food, clean their house, bought some news and so on. When the New Year's Day comes, they prepare something such as 5 candles, 5 incenses, a pair of 5  Baysey , a pair of  Baysey Baklam , a pair of  Slathor  (a ceremonial ornament made with a banana tree trunk bake), a tray of cigarettes, some flowers and some fruits to sacrifice to the new heaven. When every is ready, they sit together near that place and light the candles to pray for happiness from the new heaven and start to pray before breaking each other. On the other hand, we have different celebrations during these 3 days of New Year's Day.

On the first day, they take some food to offer the monks at the monastery in the evening, they gather the sand to build up a sandal mountain around the pagoda or around the bany tree in the early evening, and they some drink to the monks and invite them to bany.

On the second day, children give some new clothes and money to their parents and grandparents. They also give some gift to their maids and poor people. In the evening, they go to build up the sandal mountain and start to bany that they consider it a  Cholamony Chedey  and ask the monks to bony and offer them the food to dedicate this sin to the spirit of the ancestor.

In the morning of the third day, they also invite the monks to bany for the sandal mountain. And in the evening, they bath the monks and statue of Buddha. During this third day, the people also play some traditional games such as the hand-scarf-throwing game, they kick the nuts game, the tug of war game, trot dancing (Battambang, Siem Reap). They also dance some traditional dancing such as  Rorm Vong, Rorm Khbach …. etc.

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Khmer New Year 2024 Celebration: The Complete Guide

Cambodia new year 2024 celebration guide.

Photo by an thet on Unsplash

Get ready to celebrate Khmer New Year 2024 with our complete guide! As Cambodia’s biggest festival, Khmer New Year is a time of joy, tradition, and togetherness. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll provide you with all the essential information to ensure you ring in the Khmer New Year in style. From the significance of the festival to the traditional activities, delectable foods, and vibrant celebrations, we’ve got you covered. No matter how much or how little experience you have, this guide will provide you all the information you need to enjoy this unique event to the fullest. Join us as we delve into the rich cultural tapestry of Khmer New Year 2024, and get ready to immerse yourself in the colorful and joyous festivities!

When Is Khmer New Year 2024?

Cambodia’s biggest festival is Khmer New Year, or Chol Chnam Thmey. In 2024, Khmer New Year will be celebrated from April 13 to April 16. The four-day festival celebration for the end of the harvest season. It’s a time for Cambodians to relax, spend time with loved ones, and reflect.

The Khmer New Year follows the lunar calendar, so the dates change each year. The festival usually falls in mid-April, coinciding with the end of the harvest season. During the New Year, most Cambodians take time off work to travel to their hometowns and villages to be with family.

The main activities of Khmer New Year focus on:

• Spiritual cleansing. Cambodians clean their homes and decorate them with flowers to welcome the New Year. People also visit pagodas to pray for good fortune.
• Spending time with loved ones. Family and friends get together to strengthen bonds and relationships. People visit elders and give them gifts and food .
• Traditional games and celebrations. Villages host concerts, dance performances, and traditional Khmer games like tug of war. Kids play games with water and powder.
• Eating special foods. Delicious dishes like nom ansom chek, sticky rice with mango, and krolan, sticky rice wrapped in coconut leaves, are eaten.

The Khmer New Year is Cambodia’s most important festival. By understanding the significance of this special time, you can gain insight into Cambodia’s rich culture and traditions. Visiting Cambodia during Khmer New Year will allow you to experience this colorful celebration firsthand!

Khmer New Year 2024 Traditions and Celebrations

Khmer New Year, or Choul Chnam Thmey, is Cambodia’s biggest annual festival. It’s a time for families to come together, honor elders, and welcome the new year. The three-day celebration, from April 13-16 in 2024, will be filled with time-honored traditions , feasts, parties, and ancient ceremonies.

Honoring Elders

The first day of Khmer New Year revolves around honoring family elders. Young Cambodians visit temples, then return home to wash the hands of parents and grandparents as a sign of respect . Elders in turn give children and unmarried adults money as a blessing for the new year.

Traditional Ceremonies

Ancient ceremonies mark the turning of the year. Cambodians release birds and fish as acts of merit, a Buddhist belief, while monks chant blessings. People also flock to temples to pray for prosperity and good health. Families erect shrines featuring religious icons, candles and incense. Offerings of fruit, flowers and rice are made.

Food and Feasting

No Cambodian festival is complete without lots of food. Rice, fish, soups and curries are staples. Dishes like nom barang, a coconut custard, and kuy teav, a pork and rice noodle soup, are popular. And what’s a celebration without a few drinks? Cambodians toast the new year with glasses of palm wine, rice wine and the local Angkor beer.

Dancing and Games Music

Dancing and games are integral to Khmer New Year festivities. Traditional Apsara dances are performed, while popular songs blast from speakers. Families play traditional games like tug-of-war, hacky sack and shuttlecock. Kids decorate oxcarts and parade through the streets. At night, music pumps at dance parties that last into the early morning hours.

The joyous Khmer New Year celebrations showcase Cambodia’s rich culture and traditions. Joining in the festivities is the perfect way to experience the spirit of this magical country. Have a happy Khmer New Year!

Foods to Enjoy During Khmer New Year

During the Khmer New Year celebrations, food plays an important role. There are many delicious traditional Cambodian dishes you should try to get the full experience.

Rice is a staple of Cambodian cuisine. Enjoy freshly cooked rice with many of the curries, stews and salads. 

Curries and Stews

Hearty curries and stews are perfect for the Khmer New Year. Try beef loc lac, a stir fried beef dish, amok, a fish curry steamed in banana leaves, or kuy teav, a pork and rice noodle soup. For vegetarians, there are dishes like somlor trang, a spicy papaya salad, and samlor mchou banle, a pumpkin and coconut milk curry.

Fresh Spring Rolls

Light and refreshing fresh spring rolls are always a favorite. Rice paper wrappers are stuffed with vegetables, herbs and noodles. Dip the rolls in a chili garlic sauce for extra flavor. Fresh spring rolls are a lighter option if you overindulge in some of the richer curries!

Tropical Fruit

Cambodia has some of the best tropical fruit in the world. Mangoes, jackfruit, rambutans, mangosteens and more are ripe for the picking during Khmer New Year. Fruit plays an important role in the festivities. Enjoy a fruit salad, smoothie or just bite into freshly picked fruit.

Sweets/Snack

If you have room for dessert, try some traditional Cambodian sweets. Banh chhev are chewy rice flour cakes wrapped in banana leaves. Num kroch are fried rice balls in a coconut palm sugar sauce. And khao lao are sticky rice balls in a warm coconut milk.

With all this delicious food, the Khmer New Year will be a feast for all your senses. Enjoy the flavors of Cambodia and happy eating! 

What Do Cambodians do during Khmer New Year 2024: Events and Activities

Khmer New Year, or Choul Chnam Thmey, is Cambodia’s most important festival. During the four-day celebration, there are many traditional events and activities you can participate in.

Visit a Pagoda

Head to your local pagoda to make offerings, pray, and receive blessings from the monks. You’ll see colorful decorations and many Cambodians dressed in their finest clothes. Light incense and candles, then have your fortune told or get a palm reading. Don’t forget to donate to the pagoda.

Play water shooting guns

Water shooting guns are a popular item for fun and games during Khmer New Year celebrations. These guns provide a fun activity for the whole family to enjoy and are a great way to cool off during the hot and humid days of April. Popular water games include “Tug of War” and “Water Volleyball”.

Pour Water on Elders

On New Year’s Day, pour scented water on the hands of your elders as a sign of respect and to ask for their blessing. You can also sprinkle water on Buddhist statues and shrines to honor your faith.

Release Fish and Birds

Releasing captive animals, like fish and birds, is believed to bring good luck and karma. Buy fish, turtles or birds in the market and set them free in a river, lake or pond. This symbolic act represents freedom and new beginnings.

Visit Friends and Family

Spend time with loved ones, strengthening your bonds and relationships. Exchange gifts, share meals together and play traditional Khmer games. Visit elders, like grandparents, to show respect by pouring water over their hands or giving them gifts.

Enjoy Festive Foods

Treat yourself to classic Cambodian dishes like nom banh chok (rice noodle soup), fresh spring rolls, mango salad and sweet coconut milk custard. Drink sugar cane juice or coconut water to stay hydrated in the hot weather. Sample tropical fruits like rambutan, mangosteen, and dragon fruit.

Khmer New Year is meant to be enjoyed. Take time off work or school to fully experience all the festivities. The new year is a chance to renew yourself spiritually, strengthen family ties and appreciate life’s simple pleasures. Make the most of this special holiday by participating in time-honored traditions that have been passed down through generations of Cambodians.

Khmer Traditional Game during Khmer New Year 2024

Chol chhoung.

• How to Play : Two groups of boys and girls stand in parallel lines facing each other. One group throws a “chhoung” (a scarf or a tied piece of cloth) at the other group, who tries to catch it before it lands. If they catch it, they throw it back. If someone fails to catch it, they must perform a dance or song.
• Meaning : It encourages social interaction and promotes gender harmony.

“Teanh Prot,” also known as “Tug of War.”

• How to Play: This classic game requires strength, strategy, and teamwork. Participants are divided into two teams, each holding one end of a long rope. The goal is to pull the rope in their direction, with the winning team being the one that successfully pulls the opposite team across a designated line.
• Meaning: Teanh Prot is not only a test of physical strength but also a demonstration of unity and perseverance.

Bos Angkunh

• How to Play : This game involves using the seeds of the “Angkunh” fruit. Players take turns flicking their seeds to knock the opponent’s seeds out of a designated circle.
• Meaning : It symbolizes farming activities and is thought to promote good luck in agriculture.

Leak Kanseng

• How to Play : A group of people sit in a circle with a person blindfolded in the middle holding a “kanseng” (a scarf or towel twisted into a round shape). The blindfolded person spins around and tries to touch one of the children sitting, who then must take the kanseng and chase others.
• Meaning : It teaches Khmer people to be alert and quick.

Chab Kon Kleng

• How to Play : One person plays the “hen” protecting her “chicks” while another player is the “crow” trying to catch the chicks. The hen can tag the crow to protect her chicks.
• Meaning : Represents the protective nature of parents.

Planning Your Trip for Khmer New Year 2024 Celebration FAQs

Wondering what you need to know to prepare for Khmer New Year 2024? Here are some frequently asked questions to help you plan your trip.

What do we say in Khmer New Year?

In Khmer, you can say “រីករាយឆ្នាំថ្មី” (sual sdey chhnam thmey), which means “Happy New Year”. It’s a warm and friendly greeting to wish someone a happy Khmer New Year!

When is Khmer New Year 2024?

Khmer New Year, or Chol Chnam Thmey, falls on April 13-16, 2024. The 4-day festival celebrates the end of the harvest season.

What cities host Khmer New Year celebrations?

The biggest celebrations happen in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Battambang, and Sihanoukville. Phnom Penh, the capital city, hosts lively street parties, concerts, and cultural events. Siem Reap is one of the UNESCO World Heritage site near Angkor Wat temple complex, a popular spot for watching sunrise during the festival.

What should I pack for Khmer New Year 2024?

Bring lightweight, breathable clothing for the hot and humid weather, sun protection like hats and sunglasses, mosquito repellant, and comfortable walking shoes. Traditional Khmer outfits like the sampot, a wrap-around skirt, and krama, a checkered scarf, are popular to wear during the celebrations.

What cultural traditions can I experience during Khmer New Year 2024?

You can experience many unique Khmer traditions like:

• Water  – Cambodians splash water on each other as a blessing and for fun. Join in or watch from the sidelines!
• Temple visits – Many Cambodians visit local temples to pray for prosperity and make offerings.
• Food – Enjoy traditional Khmer cuisine like amok (fish curry), fresh spring rolls, and coconut pancakes. Mangoes, coconuts and bananas are common.
• Dancing – Watch traditional Apsara dances, or join locals dancing in the streets.
• Offerings – See colorful flower garlands and other offerings made to ancestors and temples.

You might also want to read:

Planning a Trip for Khmer New Year 2024: Your Essential Guide

Celebrating Khmer New Year: A Cultural Tradition

Celebrate Life at Cambodia’s Festivals: A Traveler’s Guide

Khmer New Years Traditions Explained

The top best movies about cambodia you need to see, arise cambodia, related posts.

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Father’s Day in Cambodia: Everything You Need To Know

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Home » Khmer New Year: The Most Awaited Festival in the Kingdom

Khmer New Year: The Most Awaited Festival in the Kingdom

New Year countdown in the Kingdom of Wonder may not be your usual extravaganza of lights and sounds, with the local celebration coming in the form of incense, prayer rituals and generous feasts – all these in the peak of the hot season. IPS agent Vathanak Tim takes us through the celebration that is Khmer New Year.

Bun Chol Chhnam Thmey, also known as the Khmer New Year is celebrated nationwide in April for three days and marks the end of the harvest season and celebrates the start of a new year. Traditionally, this is the time of the year when most Khmers count themselves a year old, making this every Cambodians birthday, in a sense.

The second day, Wanabot, is the day when families gather and present gifts to parents, grandparents, and elders. It is also the day in which families provide charity to those less fortunate than themselves. Families attend dedication ceremonies to their ancestors at monasteries.

Lastly, on the third day is Leung Sak day, this marks an important traditional ceremony called “Pithi Srang Preah” which in Khmer means giving a holy bath to Buddha statues, monks, grandparents, parents, and elders in order to apologize for any mistakes made during the last year. By washing the people are able to wash their bad deeds away and it is also thought to bring happiness and prosperity in life.

If you happen to be in Siem Reap, this is a good time to join the local celebrations within Angkor Wat, Bayon temple, and the Elephant Terrace. Prepare for a lot of dancing, trade fairs, and traditional games. In Phnom Penh, expect side road parties and fireworks.  Flanking Sothearos Boulevard, Wat Botum Park would be the place for traditional games and activities.

Khmer New Year is a good time to go and check out the countryside, or join the local celebration almost anywhere in the city! Susaday Chhnam Thmei!

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What's Cambodian (Khmer) New Year? Date & Traditions

Updated 04/23/2024

Published 03/12/2020

Sam Tetrault, BA in English

Contributing writer

Cake values integrity and transparency. We follow a strict editorial process to provide you with the best content possible. We also may earn commission from purchases made through affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. Learn more in our affiliate disclosure .

Different cultures around the world have their own unique New Year traditions, and these don’t always fall on January 1st. The Cambodian (Khmer) New Year in Cambodia is one of these holidays. During this celebration, Cambodians stop work and celebrate with friends and family. 

Unlike other Asian holidays, the Khmer New Year doesn’t follow the Lunar Calendar. It follows the Gregorian calendar, making it a unique celebration. This New Year marks the end of the harvest season, meaning it’s a rare chance to kick back after hard work. 

The Khmer New Year is also a chance to reflect on deceased loved ones. Looking at the way people honor death in different cultures is a window into distant corners of the globe. In this guide, we’ll dive deep into the Cambodian New Year to explore its dates and traditions. 

Jump ahead to these sections:

• What's the Cambodian New Year's Date?

Cambodian New Year Traditions

• Where Can You Celebrate Cambodian New Year?

What's the Cambodian New Year's Date? 

The Cambodian New Year is always celebrated in April. This is because a large percentage of the Khmer population is farmers, and April is one of the hottest months of the year. November through March is the time for harvesting crops. By April, there is no rain, and the weather is so warm that it’s time to take a break. 

Khmer New Year is celebrated for three days, and each day represents something different. The days start on either the 13th or 14th of April and continue from there. 

Prior to the 13th century, Khmer New Year was in late November or even December. It was moved to coincide with the harvest season, mirroring many of the other harvest festivals seen throughout the world. 

The Role of the Khmer in Cambodia

Today, the Khmer people make up a large population of Cambodia. However, in the past, the Khmer empire was a powerful state that covered Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and parts of Vietnam. Both Hinduism and Buddhism were important religions for the Khmer people, and they continue to have importance today. 

One of the world’s most impressive temples, Angkor Wat, was built by the Khmer. These were historically skilled builders, farmers, and leaders. The Khmer empire ended in 1431, but these people are still a thriving ethnic group in Cambodia and Thailand in modern times. 

Today, the Khmer are an agricultural people . They live in smaller villages and pursue things like pottery, weaving, and metalworking in addition to farming. Buddhism is the leading religion, and this influence is seen in their New Year celebration. The Cambodian New Year is an ancient practice dating back to the days of the Khmer empire. 

What traditions are specific to the Cambodian New Year? As mentioned above, this New Year has a long history dating back to a powerful empire and Buddhist beliefs, leading to a one-of-a-kind celebration. 

Days of the celebration

The New Year event lasts three days. Each day has its own ritual significance and things to expect. Cambodians follow these daily practices to ensure they bring good luck to their families in the new year. Here’s what each day represents:

• Day 1 (Moha Songkran): This is a day for welcoming the New Angels of the year. Families clean their homes, offer food to monks, and mingle socially. In conservative Khmer communities, this is the only day when men and women are free to interact. 
• Day 2 (Vanabot): The second day is a time for remembering ancestors as well as living relatives. People give to the poor, visit temples, and perform an ancestor ceremony. This second day is similar to the Cambodian celebration of Pchum Ben . 
• Day 3 (Thgnai Loeung Sak): Finally, the last day of this celebration marks the first day of the new year. Small altars to the dead are blessed, and monks are asked for forgiveness for any sins from the year before. Special cleansing ceremonies ensure everything is pure for the new year. This is also a day for exciting activities like horse races, boxing matches, and feasts.

Each day has its own practices that make it special. Cambodians travel from all over the world to be with their loved ones on this holiday. It’s all about coming together in honor of ancestors and welcoming the new year. 

Decorations

The beginning of April is a time for preparing decorations for the Cambodian New Year celebration. Since the first day is a welcome to the New Angels, Cambodians clean their homes and decorate in honor of this welcoming. The New Angels take care of the world for a period of one year, so families leave offerings in their honor. 

People believe these Angels visit their homes and stay with them for the entire year. This means they want to make a good impression, so families are known to go all out to decorate their space for the occasion. 

Like most New Year festivals, food plays a large role in the Cambodian New Year. Food is used to welcome in the new year, and it’s common for families to place fruit and drinks outside their home as an offering to the Angels. 

Food is also given to monks at local temples as an offering. This is a way to repent for one’s mistakes over the past year, and it’s also a sign of respect to these religious leaders. On the final day of the New Year, families might enjoy a feast or take part in community meals. Food is typically Cambodian favorites like curry, nom banh chok, and fish amok. 

Songs are a common part of the Cambodian New Year. Not only are songs a part of many of the popular games, but there are also special songs in honor of the New Year. Cambodian music is traditionally played on wind instruments, fiddles, and gongs. 

There is a lot of improvisation in this type of music, and it’s not always possible to locate specific songs for the holiday. Local musicians perform in homes, at temples, and in the streets. Music keeps the excitement high, and it’s not uncommon to see many people join the fun. 

Games are one of the most anticipated parts of the New Year celebration. Crowds of friends and families are ready to take a break from their hard work, so they’re quick to fill their time with popular games.

These aren’t your typical games, like board games or dancing games. Instead, they’re all about mental and physical dexterity. 

Since this is one of the only times that boys and girls can play together, younger kids and teens get together socially to play these fun games. Some games are for adults, and others are for children, but all are a great way to enjoy the New Year. 

Ceremonial wash

One of the most unique traditions in the Cambodian New Year is the ceremonial wash. This is known as “Pithi Srang Preah.” It’s a ceremonial washing of elders, monks, Buddha statues, and other symbols of ancestry. 

They wash these individuals with water as a way to ask for forgiveness for any mistakes from the past year. This becomes a fun occasion for sharing water, talking about the future, and welcoming the new. The practice of traditional washing is a symbol of washing away one’s bad deeds to bring prosperity. 

Where Can You Celebrate Cambodian New Year? 

You might be surprised by just how many places you can celebrate the Cambodian New Year. First and foremost, it’s a common holiday throughout Cambodia and Southeast Asia. You’ll find pockets of these New Year festivals in big cities throughout Asia because of the large population of Cambodians around the world. 

This New Year tradition isn’t just limited to Asia. It’s also common in North America. Cambodians are a strong minority in the United States, and local communities celebrate the New Year every April with festivals and family events. 

If you choose to travel to Cambodia for the New Year, be mindful that cities tend to empty. This is a time for traveling home, and people choose to celebrate with loved ones or in smaller villages. As such, there are fewer services than usual throughout the country.

While visitors are welcome to join the traditions across the world, the best places to be are the ancient Khmer cities of Phnom Penh or Siem Reap. 

Welcome the New with This Cambodian Festival

Like other New Year celebrations, the Cambodian New Year is a time for families to remember a family member who passed, join together, and participate in ancient traditions. The Cambodian people welcome change and newness with open arms. They work tirelessly all year long to relax and celebrate over these three days of fun. 

The Cambodian New Year just goes to show how important it is to hold onto the traditions of the past while also embracing the future. In this rapidly modernizing country, the Khmer new year is a chance to reflect on how far everyone has come and also how much farther they have to go. 

If you're looking for more on New Year traditions, read our guide on the Chinese New Year .

• “Cambodian Culture.” Cornell University. Cornell.edu . 
• “Khmer.” Britannica. 7 September 2015. Britannica.com . 
• Lim, Leng. “Khmer New Year.” EthnoMed . 19 April 2002. EthnoMed.org . 
• Plubins, Rodrigo Quijada. “Khmer Empire.” Ancient Encyclopedia. 12 March 2013. Ancient.eu . 

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Khmer New Year PowerPoint Templates And Google Slides Themes

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'Khmer new year cambodians' presentation slideshows

Khmer new year cambodians - powerpoint ppt presentation.

Strategies to Increase Reading Comprehension (Expository/Narrative texts)

Strategies to Increase Reading Comprehension (Expository/Narrative texts). Rebecca McMurrin 7 th Grade English Room 42. Visuals Why should I do this?. Gives context to the vocabulary and content. Reinforces meaning.

535 views • 32 slides

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Here’s where to celebrate the Cambodian New Year in Philly

A s a child, Sarun Chan was always mesmerized by the sights when he would walk into his Buddhist temple for the Cambodian New Year.

Hundreds of people would set up their meal offerings for the monks, each family walking into the temple carrying a traditional metal container ( chan srak ) with elaborate designs etched on it that held the dish they made for the occasion. Hundreds of bowls and plates filled with Cambodian red curry, glass noodles, stir-fries, and other traditional dishes would be placed in front of the monks, who would then pray and chant mantras before consuming the food.

“It’s the hundreds of people bringing all this food that was always really potent,” Chan, executive director of the Cambodian Association of Greater Philadelphia, recalled. Chan’s foot falling asleep from sitting in the temple for so long was also a powerful memory, he added.

The Cambodian New Year, or Khmer New Year, falls on April 13, 14, and 15 this year. While the celebration traditionally spans three days, in the Philadelphia region, the celebrations often take place the whole month as community members hold on to tradition and each other.

What is the Khmer New Year?

In Buddhism, the marking of a new solar year commemorates a new moon rising and angels falling into one’s home to bless it for the year. The holiday often falls on the same dates, and each day holds a different significance and celebration.

The first day is traditionally celebrated with families gathering at their homes to prepare their offering tables for when the angel arrives. Offering tables may hold everything from fresh fruit and home-cooked meals to incense and flowers.

“It’s like a passage for the angels to enter your home,” said Ayana Chhoeun, lead case manager at CAGP.

The second day is celebrated in the temple, where families bring their offerings for the monks and call on their ancestors’ spirits to join them for the festivities. Red strings are passed around for people to tie around their wrists for protection and blessings throughout the entire year.

The final day is spent blessing the elders. Young family members will wash elders’ feet and faces with blessing water from the temple to pay their respects and receive blessings in return.

How is the New Year celebrated?

When Chan was younger, he and his family used to travel to Silver Spring, Md., to visit one of the first Buddhist pagodas built in the U.S.

“Just being able to travel and see other Cambodians from our diaspora is very inspiring,” Chan said.

While Chan’s family stopped going to Maryland after a pagoda was built in Philadelphia, it is a common practice for families to travel to various Buddhist temples for the holiday.

“We have over eight different types of temples now in the tristate area,” Chan said. “Now, people are able to feel that sense of pride and have their own local spaces to visit, because when we first arrived in America, we didn’t have access to that.”

In addition to the traditional celebrations brought from their home country, the Cambodian diaspora has established local traditions in the U.S. In Philadelphia, it became common for communities to shut down streets to throw block parties for the New Year, with live bands, dancing, and of course, plenty of Cambodian food.

On the weekends, temples across the region take turns throwing parties. During the festivities, and as a way to keep children more engaged after long ceremonies, kids run around throwing baby powder or shaving cream at each other. It is a sight Chan likened to the colorful celebrations of the Indian holiday Holi. While the act is fun, Chan said it signifies blessing each other’s friends.

The celebrations last all month for Cambodian Americans, Chan and Chhoeun said, because of the frequent festivities and activities, but also so that people who do not live near temples are able to travel to the celebrations over the weekends.

“This was something [my grandparents] wanted to keep with them, especially now that they have their children, grandchildren, and now great-grandchildren,” Chhoeun said. “They raised us to keep our culture very, very close to our hearts.”

©2024 The Philadelphia Inquirer. Visit inquirer.com. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

iPad Air 11-inch (M2) - Tech Specs

Year introduced: 2024

Size and Weight 2

Wi-Fi models

Width: 7.02 inches (178.5 mm)

Height: 9.74 inches (247.6 mm)

Depth: 0.24 inch (6.1 mm)

Weight: 1.02 pounds (462 grams)

Wi-Fi + Cellular models

Buttons and Connectors

Smart Connector

Volume buttons

Magnetic connector

USB‑C connector

Top button/Touch ID sensor

USB‑C Charge Cable (1 meter)

20W USB‑C Power Adapter

Liquid Retina display

LED backlit Multi‑Touch display with IPS technology

2360-by-1640-pixel resolution at 264 ppi

Wide color (P3)

Fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating

Fully laminated

Antireflective coating

500 nits brightness

Supports Apple Pencil Pro

Supports Apple Pencil (USB‑C)

Apple Pencil hover

The 11‑inch iPad Air display has rounded corners that follow a beautiful curved design, and these corners are within a standard rectangle. When measured diagonally as a rectangle, the 11‑inch iPad Air is 10.86 inches. Actual viewable area is less.

Apple M2 chip

8-core CPU with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores

16-core Neural Engine

Media Engine

Hardware-accelerated H.264 and HEVC

Video decode engine

Video encode engine

12MP Wide camera, ƒ/1.8 aperture

Digital zoom up to 5x

Five-element lens

Autofocus with Focus Pixels

Panorama (up to 63MP)

Smart HDR 4

Wide color capture for photos and Live Photos

Photo geotagging

Auto image stabilization

Image formats captured: HEIF and JPEG

Video Recording

4K video recording at 24 fps, 25 fps, 30 fps, or 60 fps

1080p HD video recording at 25 fps, 30 fps, or 60 fps

720p HD video recording at 30 fps

Slo‑mo video support for 1080p at 120 fps or 240 fps

Time‑lapse video with stabilization

Extended dynamic range for video up to 30 fps

Cinematic video stabilization (4K, 1080p, and 720p)

Continuous autofocus video

Playback zoom

Video formats captured: HEVC and H.264

Front Camera

Landscape 12MP Ultra Wide front camera

ƒ/2.4 aperture

Cinematic video stabilization (1080p and 720p)

Lens correction

Retina Flash with True Tone

Video Calling 3

FaceTime video

Center Stage

iPad to any FaceTime‑enabled device over Wi-Fi or cellular

Share experiences like movies, TV, music, and other apps in a FaceTime call with SharePlay

Screen sharing

Portrait mode in FaceTime video

Spatial Audio

Voice Isolation and Wide Spectrum microphone modes

Audio Calling 3

FaceTime audio

Landscape stereo speakers

Micro­phones

Dual microphones for calls, video recording, and audio recording

Cellular and Wireless

Wi-Fi 6E (802.11ax) with 2x2 MIMO 4

Simultaneous dual band

Bluetooth 5.3

5G (sub‑6 GHz) with 4x4 MIMO

Gigabit LTE with 4x4 MIMO

Model A2899 and A2903:

5G NR (Bands n1, n2, n3, n5, n7, n8, n12, n14, n20, n25, n26, n28, n29, n30, n38, n40, n41, n48, n66, n70, n71, n75, n76, n77, n78, n79) 4

FDD-LTE (Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 66, 71)

TD-LTE (Bands 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 48)

UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC‑HSDPA (850, 900, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz)

Data only 5

Wi-Fi calling 4

Learn more about cellular

For details on 5G and LTE support, contact your carrier and see https://www.apple.com/ipad/cellular/networks/

iPad Air uses eSIM technology and is not compatible with physical SIM cards.

Digital compass

iBeacon microlocation

Three‐axis gyro

Accelerometer

Ambient light sensor

Unlock iPad

Secure personal data within apps

Make purchases from the iTunes Store, App Store, and Apple Books

Pay with your iPad using Touch ID within apps and on the web

Send and receive money in Messages

Learn more about Apple Pay

Use your voice to send messages, set reminders, and more

Get proactive suggestions

Use hands-free

Listen and identify songs

Learn more about Siri

Charging and Expansion

USB-C port with support for:

DisplayPort

USB 3 (up to 10Gb/s)

Display Support

Supports full native resolution on the built-in display at millions of colors

Supports one external display with up to 6K resolution at 60Hz

Digital video output

Native DisplayPort output over USB‑C

VGA, HDMI, and DVI output supported using adapters (sold separately)

Video mirroring

Up to 4K AirPlay for mirroring, photos, and video out to Apple TV (2nd generation or later) or AirPlay‑enabled smart TV

Video mirroring and video out support through USB-C Digital AV Multiport Adapter and USB-C VGA Multiport Adapter (adapters sold separately)

Power and Battery 8

Built‐in 28.93‐watt‐hour rechargeable lithium‑polymer battery

Up to 10 hours of surfing the web on Wi‐Fi or watching video

Charging via power adapter or USB‑C to computer system

Up to 9 hours of surfing the web using cellular data network

Operating System

iPadOS comes with powerful features and built-in apps designed to take advantage of the unique capabilities of iPad.

Learn more about iPadOS

Accessi­bility

Built-in accessibility features supporting vision, mobility, hearing, and cognitive disabilities help you get the most out of your iPad.

Learn more about Accessi­bility

Features include:

Spoken Content

Voice Control

Switch Control

AssistiveTouch

Siri and Dictation

Type to Siri

Real-Time Text

Audio Descriptions

Subtitles and Closed Captioning

Live Captions

Built-in Apps

iTunes Store

Photo Booth

Voice Memos

Free Apps from Apple

Pages, Numbers, Keynote, iMovie, GarageBand, Clips, and Apple Store app are preinstalled on iPad.

Apple Store

Swift Playgrounds

System Require­ments

Apple ID (required for some features)

Internet access 9

Syncing to a Mac or PC requires:

macOS Catalina 10.15 or later using the Finder

macOS High Sierra 10.13 through macOS Mojave 10.14.6 using iTunes 12.9 or later

Windows 10 or later using iTunes 12.12.10 or later (free download from apple.com/itunes/download )

Language support

Arabic, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (Simplified, Traditional, Traditional – Hong Kong), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English (Australia, India, UK, U.S.), Finnish, French (Canada, France), German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Kazakh, Korean, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish (Latin America, Spain, U.S.), Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese

QuickType keyboard support

Ainu, Akan, Albanian, Amharic, Apache (Western), Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Armenian, Assamese, Assyrian, Azerbaijani, Bangla (Standard, Transliteration), Belarusian, Bodo, Bulgarian, Burmese, Cantonese – Traditional (Cangjie, Handwriting, Phonetic, Stroke, Sucheng), Catalan, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Chinese – Simplified (Handwriting, Pinyin – QWERTY, Pinyin – 10-Key, Shuangpin, Stroke), Chinese – Traditional (Cangjie, Handwriting, Pinyin – QWERTY, Pinyin – 10-Key, Shuangpin, Stroke, Sucheng, Zhuyin), Choctaw, Chuvash, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dhivehi, Dogri, Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), Dzongkha, Emoji, English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Estonian, Faroese, Filipino, Finnish, Flemish, French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), Fula (Adlam), Georgian, German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Greek, Gujarati (Standard, Transliteration), Hausa, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindi (Devanagari, Latin, Transliteration), Hmong (Pahawh), Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Indonesian, Ingush, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Japanese (Handwriting, Kana, Romaji), Kabyle, Kannada (Standard, Transliteration), Kashmiri (Arabic, Devanagari), Kazakh, Khmer, Konkani (Devanagari), Korean (2-Set, 10-Key), Kurdish (Arabic, Latin), Kyrgyz, Lao, Latvian, Liangshan Yi, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Maithili, Malay (Arabic, Latin), Malayalam (Standard, Transliteration), Maltese, Mandaic, Manipuri (Bengali, Meetei Mayek), Māori, Marathi (Devanagari, Transliteration), Mi’kmaw, Mongolian, Navajo, Nepali, N’Ko, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Odia, Osage, Pashto, Persian, Persian (Afghanistan), Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Punjabi (Gurmukhi – QWERTY, Gurmukhi – Standard, Transliteration), Rejang, Rohingya, Romanian, Russian, Samoan, Sanskrit, Santali (Devanagari, Ol Chiki), Serbian (Cyrillic, Latin), Sindhi (Arabic, Devanagari), Sinhala, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain), Swahili, Swedish, Tajik, Tamazight (Standard Moroccan), Tamil (Anjal, Tamil 99, Transliteration), Telugu (Standard, Transliteration), Thai, Tibetan, Tongan, Turkish, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Urdu (Standard, Transliteration), Uyghur, Uzbek (Arabic, Cyrillic, Latin), Vietnamese (Telex, VIQR, VNI), Wancho, Welsh, Wolastoqey, Yiddish, Yoruba

QuickType keyboard support with autocorrection

Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Bangla, Bulgarian, Catalan, Cherokee, Chinese – Simplified (Pinyin – QWERTY), Chinese – Traditional (Pinyin – QWERTY), Chinese – Traditional (Zhuyin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, French (Belgium), French (Canada), French (France), French (Switzerland), German (Austria), German (Germany), German (Switzerland), Greek, Gujarati, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindi (Devanagari, Latin, Transliteration), Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Japanese (Kana), Japanese (Romaji), Korean (2-Set, 10-Key), Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Malay, Marathi, Norwegian (Bokmål), Norwegian (Nynorsk), Persian, Persian (Afghanistan), Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbian (Cyrillic), Serbian (Latin), Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish (Latin America), Spanish (Mexico), Spanish (Spain), Swedish, Tamil (Anjal), Tamil (Tamil 99), Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, Vietnamese (Telex)

QuickType keyboard support with predictive typing

Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Cantonese (Traditional), Chinese (Simplified, Traditional), Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Hebrew, Hindi (Devanagari, Latin), Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain), Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Vietnamese

QuickType keyboard support with multilingual typing

Chinese (Simplified – Pinyin, Traditional – Pinyin), Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Hebrew, Hindi (Latin), Italian, Japanese (Romaji), Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Romanian, Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain), Turkish, Vietnamese

QuickType keyboard support with contextual suggestions

Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Chinese (Simplified), Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Hindi (Devanagari, Latin), Italian, Portuguese (Brazil), Russian, Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain), Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese

QuickPath keyboard support

Arabic, Chinese (Simplified – Pinyin – QWERTY, Traditional – Pinyin – QWERTY), Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Hebrew, Italian, Korean, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Romanian, Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain), Swedish, Vietnamese

Siri languages

Arabic (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates), Cantonese (China mainland, Hong Kong), Danish (Denmark), Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), English (Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Finnish (Finland), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Hebrew (Israel), Italian (Italy, Switzerland), Japanese (Japan), Korean (Republic of Korea), Malay (Malaysia), Mandarin Chinese (China mainland, Taiwan), Norwegian (Norway), Portuguese (Brazil), Russian (Russia), Spanish (Chile, Mexico, Spain, U.S.), Swedish (Sweden), Thai (Thailand), Turkish (Türkiye)

Dictation languages

Arabic (Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates), Cantonese (China mainland, Hong Kong), Mandarin Chinese (China mainland, Taiwan), Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), English (Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, UK, U.S.), Finnish, French (Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian (Italy, Switzerland), Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian (Bokmål), Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Shanghainese (China mainland), Slovak, Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain, U.S.), Swedish, Turkish, Thai, Ukrainian, Vietnamese

Monolingual dictionary support

Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (Simplified, Traditional, Traditional – Hong Kong), Danish, Dutch, English (UK, U.S.), French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish

Idiom dictionary support

Cantonese – English, Chinese (Simplified) – English, Chinese (Traditional) – English

Bilingual dictionary support

Arabic – English, Bangla – English, Chinese (Simplified) – English, Chinese (Traditional) – English, Chinese (Simplified) – Japanese, Czech – English, Dutch – English, Finnish – English, French – English, French – German, German – English, Greek – English, Gujarati – English, Hindi – English, Hungarian – English, Indonesian – English, Italian – English, Japanese – English, Korean – English, Malay – English, Polish – English, Portuguese – English, Russian – English, Spanish – English, Swedish – English, Tamil – English, Telugu – English, Thai – English, Urdu – English, Vietnamese – English

Chinese (Simplified), English (UK, U.S.)

Spell check

Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Greek, Finnish, Hindi (Devanagari), Hungarian, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain), Swedish, Telugu, Turkish, Vietnamese

Apple Pay supported regions

Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China mainland, 10 Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Guernsey, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macao, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, U.S., Vatican City, Vietnam

Video Playback

Supported formats include HEVC, H.264, and ProRes

Supports Dolby Vision and HDR10 content

Audio Playback

Supported formats include AAC, MP3, Apple Lossless, FLAC, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital Plus, and Dolby Atmos

Spatial Audio playback

User-configurable maximum volume limit

Mail Attachment Support

Viewable document types

.jpg, .tiff, .gif (images); .doc and .docx (Microsoft Word); .htm and .html (web pages); .key (Keynote); .numbers (Numbers); .pages (Pages); .pdf (Preview and Adobe Acrobat); .ppt and .pptx (Microsoft PowerPoint); .txt (text); .rtf (rich text format); .vcf (contact information); .xls and .xlsx (Microsoft Excel); .zip; .ics; .usdz; .pkpass (Wallet)

Environ­mental Require­ments

Operating ambient temperature :

32° to 95° F (0° to 35° C)

Nonoperating temperature :

−4° to 113° F (−20° to 45° C)

Relative humidity :

5% to 95% noncondensing

Operating altitude :

tested up to 10,000 feet (3000 m)

iPad Air and the Environment

iPad Air is designed to reduce environmental impact: 11

See the iPad Air Product Environmental Report (PDF)

Progress toward Apple 2030

More than 20% recycled or renewable content 12

Over 30% of manufacturing electricity sourced from clean electricity 13

40% emissions reduction against baseline 14

See Apple’s commitment

100% recycled aluminum in the enclosure

100% recycled rare earth elements in all magnets, representing 99% of the rare earth elements in the device

100% recycled tin in the solder of multiple printed circuit boards

100% recycled gold in the plating of multiple printed circuit boards

100% recycled copper foil in multiple printed circuit boards

35% or more recycled plastic in multiple components

ENERGY STAR® certified 15

100% fiber-based packaging 16

40% recycled content in fiber packaging

No established final assembly sites generate waste sent to landfill as part of Apple’s Zero Waste Program

Smarter chemistry 17

Arsenic-free display glass

Mercury-, BFR-, and PVC-free

Available space is less and varies due to many factors. Storage capacity subject to change based on software version, settings, and iPad model. 1GB = 1 billion bytes; 1TB = 1 trillion bytes. Actual formatted capacity less.

Size and weight vary by configuration and manufacturing process.

FaceTime calling requires a FaceTime-enabled device for the caller and recipient and a Wi-Fi connection. Availability over a cellular network depends on carrier policies; data charges may apply.

Wi‑Fi 6E available in countries and regions where supported. Data plan required. 5G, Gigabit LTE, and Wi-Fi calling are available in select markets and through select carriers. Speeds are based on theoretical throughput and vary based on site conditions and carrier. For details on 5G and LTE support, contact your carrier and see apple.com/ipad/cellular .

Cellular data plan is sold separately. The model you purchase is configured to work with a particular cellular network technology. Check with your carrier for compatibility and cellular data plan availability.

Not all carriers support eSIM. See your carrier for more details. For Model A2900 and A2904, contact China Unicom for more details.

Siri may not be available in all languages or in all areas, and features may vary by area. Internet access required. Cellular data charges may apply.

Testing conducted by Apple in March and April 2024 using preproduction iPad Air 11‑inch (M2) and iPad Air 13‑inch (M2) units. Testing consisted of full battery discharge while performing each of the following tasks: video playback and internet browsing using Wi‑Fi or cellular data network (cellular models subscribed to LTE and 5G carrier networks). Video content was a repeated 2‑hour 23‑minute movie purchased from the iTunes Store. Internet over Wi‑Fi and cellular data network tests were conducted using dedicated web servers, browsing snapshot versions of 20 popular web pages. All settings were default except: Wi‑Fi was associated with a network (except for internet browsing over cellular data network); the Wi‑Fi feature Ask to Join Networks and Auto-Brightness were turned off; Brightness was set to 50%; and WPA2 encryption was enabled. Battery life depends on device settings, usage, network, and many other factors. Battery tests are conducted using specific iPad units; actual results may vary.

Wireless broadband recommended; fees may apply.

In China mainland, you can use Apple Pay on the web in Safari only on compatible iPhone and iPad models using iOS 11.2 or later.

Data accurate as of product launch.

Product recycled or renewable content is the mass of certified recycled material relative to the overall mass of the device, not including packaging or in‑box accessories.

We estimate the percentage of electricity-related emissions in our manufacturing that is sourced from clean electricity by attributing to our carbon model clean energy procured by our suppliers in the prior fiscal year, based on the supplier manufacturing allocations at time of product launch. Included in this number is only clean electricity that Apple or its suppliers have procured as part of Apple’s Supplier Clean Energy Program.

Carbon reductions are calculated against a baseline scenario: 1) No use of clean electricity for manufacturing or product use, beyond what is already available on the latest modeled grid (based on regional emissions factors). 2) Apple’s carbon intensity of key materials as of 2015 (our baseline year for our 2030 product carbon neutrality goal). Carbon intensity of materials reflects use of recycled content and production technology. 3) Apple’s average mix of transportation modes (air, rail, ocean, ground) by product line across three years (fiscal years 2017 to 2019) to best capture the baseline transportation emissions of our products.

ENERGY STAR and the ENERGY STAR mark are registered trademarks owned by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Based on retail packaging as shipped by Apple. Breakdown of U.S. retail packaging by weight. Adhesives, inks, and coatings are excluded from our calculations of plastic content and packaging weight.

Apple’s Regulated Substances Specification describes Apple’s restrictions on the use of certain chemical substances in materials in Apple products, accessories, manufacturing processes, and packaging used for shipping products to Apple’s end-customers. Restrictions are derived from international laws or directives, regulatory agencies, eco-label requirements, environmental standards, and Apple policies. Every Apple product is free of PVC and phthalates except for AC power cords in India, Thailand (for two-prong AC power cords), and South Korea, where we continue to seek government approval for our PVC and phthalates replacement. Apple products comply with the European Union Directive 2011/65/EU and its amendments, including exemptions for the use of lead such as high-temperature solder. Apple is working to phase out the use of these exempted substances for new products where technically possible.

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