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Degrees in Education: Master’s vs Ph.D. vs Ed.D., Explained

by Office of Online Programs, College of Education / Mar 4, 2024

If you're considering a career in education or looking to advance your existing career, you may be wondering which degree is right for you. In the field of education, there are several options, including a Master's degree (Ed.M.), a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and a Doctor of Education (Ed.D.). Each of these degrees has its unique features, benefits, and career paths. The question for many is: when it comes to a master’s vs. doctorate , which is right for you?

What is a Master’s Degree in Education?

A master's degree in Education (Ed.M.) is a graduate-level program designed to provide educators with advanced knowledge and skills in various aspects of education. For some students, a master’s degree is a stepping stone to a Ph.D. or Ed.D.

Content and Coursework

The curriculum typically includes a combination of core courses and specialized electives. Common core topics for our programs include intricacies of education policy, leadership and organizational strategies, learning technology, curriculum development, and course instruction. Depending on your chosen specialization, you may delve deeper into areas such as diversity and equity, global studies, human resource development, international education, learning design and leadership, curriculum and instruction, digital learning, and bilingual/bi-cultural education.

Unlike a master's of science program which may require students to complete a thesis or capstone project, an Ed.M. is achieved by completion of coursework and projects to demonstrate their mastery of the subject and content. This component allows students to apply their knowledge in a practical context and contribute to the field of education through research and analysis.

Length of Program

A master's degree in education can take one to two years to complete, depending on the program's structure and whether you choose to study full-time or part-time. The College of Education at Illinois offers an online Master’s in Education that can be completed in as little as 18 months.

Career Paths

Earning a master's degree in education can open up various career opportunities. Graduates often pursue roles such as classroom teachers, curriculum coordinators, school counselors, education consultants, diversity officers, learning technologists, education technologists, or education administrators. Additionally, a master's degree can enhance your chances of earning a higher salary and taking on leadership roles within the education sector.

What is a Ph.D. in Education?

So what’s the difference between a master’s vs Ph.D. in Education? A doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in education is a research-focused degree that delves deeply into the theoretical and practical aspects of education and builds upon knowledge gained from a master's degree and professional experience.  

The core of the program revolves around conducting original research, contributing to the existing body of knowledge, and addressing significant educational issues. There is a heavy emphasis on the publication of research, which is a significant difference between Ph.D. and master’s programs, in addition to a Ph.D. program requiring a master’s degree prior to applying.  

Students typically engage in coursework related to research methodologies, data analysis, and educational policy. One of the distinguishing features of a Ph.D. in education is the dissertation, a substantial research project that requires students to make a unique contribution to the field. This extensive research work is a testament to the candidate's ability to conduct independent, rigorous research and advance educational knowledge.

A major difference between a Ph.D. vs. master’s degree is the length of the program. Compared to a master's, Ph.D. programs typically require a more extended commitment. On average, it takes three to six years to complete, depending on factors such as the individual's research progress, program requirements, and time devoted to the dissertation.

Graduates with a Ph.D. in education often pursue careers in academia, research institutions, policy analysis, or educational consulting. They may become university professors, researchers, educational policymakers, or experts in the field. This degree is particularly suitable for those who aspire to make significant contributions to educational theory and practice.

What is an Ed.D.?

A Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) is a doctoral degree that focuses on practical applications of educational theory and research. Unlike the Ph.D., the Ed.D. places more emphasis on the application of existing research and theory to solve practical educational problems. 

Many Ed.D. programs do not require extensive research components or a dissertation. However, at the University of Illinois, Ed.D. students deepen their knowledge by gathering and conducting original research to complete a dissertation. A master’s in education is a great stepping stone for an Ed.D., as all students must have their master’s in order to get into the Ed.D. program. 

Exploring the diverse landscape of Ed.D. programs unveils a rich curriculum encompassing educational leadership, organizational management, policy analysis, and the hands-on implementation of educational strategies. Through coursework, candidates embrace practical experiences to confront real-world educational challenges.  

At the College of Education, our Ed.D. program stands out as a practitioner's journey, cultivating practitioner scholars across various fields, not confined to the academic realm. Here, emphasis is placed on the applied aspects of research, nurturing foundational research skills, and instilling research literacy within each participant's domain. Our approach is designed to produce professionals who are well-versed in research methodologies but are not solely confined to the role of researchers, emphasizing a holistic perspective on the dynamic intersection of theory and practice in the field of education.

The duration of an Ed.D. program typically ranges from three to four years, making it a shorter time commitment compared to a Ph.D. The program's structure is designed to accommodate working professionals and individuals seeking leadership positions in educational institutions. 

Graduates with an Ed.D. degree are well-suited for leadership roles in educational institutions, including school districts, colleges, and universities. They often pursue careers as superintendents, principals, deans, educational consultants, or other leadership positions. The Ed.D. is a valuable credential for those who want to effect positive change in education through practical applications of research and theory.  

Ph.D. vs Ed.D.: What’s the Difference? 

Now that you understand the primary difference between master’s and Ph.D. programs, let’s look at the nuances of a Ph.D. and an Ed.D. (Doctor of Education). Ph.D. and Ed.D. programs both offer doctoral-level education in the field of education, but they have distinct differences:  

Ph.D. in Education

• Focuses on research and the creation of new knowledge.
• Emphasizes theoretical and academic aspects of education.
• Typically prepares graduates for careers in academia, research, or policy analysis.
• May require published research articles and contributions.
• Requires a dissertation that makes a unique contribution to the field.
• Prepares students to be primary researchers.
• Longer program duration, usually three to six years.

  Ed.D. (Doctor of Education)

• Emphasizes the application of existing and new research and theory to solve practical educational problems.
• Focuses on the intricacies of education policy, leadership and organizational strategies.
• Prepares graduates for leadership roles in educational institutions.
• May require qualifying exams, preliminary and final oral examinations and a dissertation that is different from a traditional dissertation.
• Prepares students to be research literate but not to be primarily researchers.
• Shorter program duration, usually three to four years.

While a major difference between a doctorate vs. master's degree is that the former emphasizes research and analysis and the latter focuses on practical application, an Ed.D. places dual emphasis on both of these skills. If you aspire to become a researcher, professor, or academic scholar, a Ph.D. may be the better choice. On the other hand, if you're interested in leadership positions within educational institutions, an Ed.D. may align more closely with your objectives.  

Master’s vs Ph.D. vs Ed.D.: Which is Right for Me?

We’ve covered the distinctions between a Ph.D. vs. master’s vs. Ed.D., but choosing the right degree in education depends on your career aspirations, personal interests, and time commitments. 

Here are some key considerations to help you make an informed decision:

A Master’s program is:

• Ideal for individuals looking to enhance their teaching skills, advance in their current teaching careers, or explore various educational specializations.
• Requires a shorter time commitment compared to doctoral programs.
• Suitable for those who want to make an immediate impact in the classroom or in educational leadership roles.

A Ph.D. program is:

• Suited for individuals who are passionate about research, want to contribute significantly to the field of education, and aspire to academic or research-oriented careers.
• Involves a more extended time commitment and a rigorous research-oriented curriculum.
• Provides opportunities for conducting original research and publishing scholarly work.

An Ed.D. program is:

• Geared toward individuals seeking leadership positions in educational institutions, such as school districts or higher education administration.
• Focuses on practical applications of educational theories and research.
• Offers a shorter program duration compared to a Ph.D.

Get Your Degree with UIUC

The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign's College of Education believes in the transformative power of education. We offer a range of programs to help you achieve your educational and career goals. Whether you're interested in pursuing an Ed.D., master’s or Ph.D., Illinois provides a supportive and enriching educational environment.

Our world-renowned faculty members are leaders in their respective fields, and our diverse student community fosters collaboration and innovation. With access to cutting-edge research facilities and resources, you'll have the opportunity to make a lasting impact in the field of education.

UIUC offers flexible online options and graduate certificates to accommodate your schedule and needs. Whether you're a working professional or a recent graduate, our programs can help you reach new heights in your educational career. Get started today!

Doctor of Philosophy in Education

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The Harvard Ph.D. in Education trains cutting-edge researchers who work across disciplines to generate knowledge and translate discoveries into transformative policy and practice.

Offered jointly by the Harvard Graduate School of Education and the Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the Ph.D. in Education provides you with full access to the extraordinary resources of Harvard University and prepares you to assume meaningful roles as university faculty, researchers, senior-level education leaders, and policymakers.

As a Ph.D. candidate, you will collaborate with scholars across all Harvard graduate schools on original interdisciplinary research. In the process, you will help forge new fields of inquiry that will impact the way we teach and learn. The program’s required coursework will develop your knowledge of education and your expertise in a range of quantitative and qualitative methods needed to conduct high-quality research. Guided by the goal of making a transformative impact on education research, policy, and practice, you will focus on independent research in various domains, including human development, learning and teaching, policy analysis and evaluation, institutions and society, and instructional practice.   

Curriculum Information

The Ph.D. in Education requires five years of full-time study to complete. You will choose your individual coursework and design your original research in close consultation with your HGSE faculty adviser and dissertation committee. The requirements listed below include the three Ph.D. concentrations: Culture, Institutions, and Society; Education Policy and Program Evaluation; and Human Development, Learning and Teaching . 

We invite you to review an example course list, which is provided in two formats — one as the full list by course number and one by broad course category . These lists are subject to modification. 

Ph.D. Concentrations and Examples

Summary of Ph.D. Program

Doctoral Colloquia  In year one and two you are required to attend. The colloquia convenes weekly and features presentations of work-in-progress and completed work by Harvard faculty, faculty and researchers from outside Harvard, and Harvard doctoral students. Ph.D. students present once in the colloquia over the course of their career.

Research Apprenticeship The Research Apprenticeship is designed to provide ongoing training and mentoring to develop your research skills throughout the entire program.

Teaching Fellowships The Teaching Fellowship is an opportunity to enhance students' teaching skills, promote learning consolidation, and provide opportunities to collaborate with faculty on pedagogical development.

Comprehensive Exams  The Written Exam (year 2, spring) tests you on both general and concentration-specific knowledge. The Oral Exam (year 3, fall/winter) tests your command of your chosen field of study and your ability to design, develop, and implement an original research project.

Dissertation  Based on your original research, the dissertation process consists of three parts: the Dissertation Proposal, the writing, and an oral defense before the members of your dissertation committee.

Culture, Institutions, and Society (CIS) Concentration

In CIS, you will examine the broader cultural, institutional, organizational, and social contexts relevant to education across the lifespan. What is the value and purpose of education? How do cultural, institutional, and social factors shape educational processes and outcomes? How effective are social movements and community action in education reform? How do we measure stratification and institutional inequality? In CIS, your work will be informed by theories and methods from sociology, history, political science, organizational behavior and management, philosophy, and anthropology. You can examine contexts as diverse as classrooms, families, neighborhoods, schools, colleges and universities, religious institutions, nonprofits, government agencies, and more.

Education Policy and Program Evaluation (EPPE) Concentration

In EPPE, you will research the design, implementation, and evaluation of education policy affecting early childhood, K–12, and postsecondary education in the U.S. and internationally. You will evaluate and assess individual programs and policies related to critical issues like access to education, teacher effectiveness, school finance, testing and accountability systems, school choice, financial aid, college enrollment and persistence, and more. Your work will be informed by theories and methods from economics, political science, public policy, and sociology, history, philosophy, and statistics. This concentration shares some themes with CIS, but your work with EPPE will focus on public policy and large-scale reforms.

Human Development, Learning and Teaching (HDLT) Concentration

In HDLT, you will work to advance the role of scientific research in education policy, reform, and practice. New discoveries in the science of learning and development — the integration of biological, cognitive, and social processes; the relationships between technology and learning; or the factors that influence individual variations in learning — are transforming the practice of teaching and learning in both formal and informal settings. Whether studying behavioral, cognitive, or social-emotional development in children or the design of learning technologies to maximize understanding, you will gain a strong background in human development, the science of learning, and sociocultural factors that explain variation in learning and developmental pathways. Your research will be informed by theories and methods from psychology, cognitive science, sociology and linguistics, philosophy, the biological sciences and mathematics, and organizational behavior.

Program Faculty

The most remarkable thing about the Ph.D. in Education is open access to faculty from all Harvard graduate and professional schools, including the Harvard Graduate School of Education, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, the Harvard Kennedy School, the Harvard Law School, Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard School of Public Health. Learn about the full Ph.D. Faculty.

Jarvis R. Givens

Jarvis Givens studies the history of American education, African American history, and the relationship between race and power in schools.

Paul L. Harris

Paul Harris is interested in the early development of cognition, emotion, and imagination in children.

Meira Levinson

Meira Levinson is a normative political philosopher who works at the intersection of civic education, youth empowerment, racial justice, and educational ethics. 

Luke W. Miratrix

Luke Miratrix is a statistician who explores how to best use modern statistical methods in applied social science contexts.

Eric Taylor

Eric Taylor studies the economics of education, with a particular interest in employer-employee interactions between schools and teachers — hiring and firing decisions, job design, training, and performance evaluation.

Paola Uccelli

Paola Ucelli studies socio-cultural and individual differences in the language development of multilingual and monolingual students.

View Ph.D. Faculty

Dissertations.

The following is a complete listing of successful Ph.D. in Education dissertations to-date. Dissertations from November 2014 onward are publicly available in the Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) , the online repository for Harvard scholarship.

• 2022 Graduate Dissertations (265 KB pdf)
• 2021 Graduate Dissertations (177 KB pdf)
• 2020 Graduate Dissertations (121 KB pdf)
• 2019 Graduate Dissertations (68.3 KB pdf)

Student Directory

An opt-in listing of current Ph.D. students with information about their interests, research, personal web pages, and contact information:

Doctor of Philosophy in Education Student Directory

Introduce Yourself

Tell us about yourself so that we can tailor our communication to best fit your interests and provide you with relevant information about our programs, events, and other opportunities to connect with us.

Program Highlights

Explore examples of the Doctor of Philosophy in Education experience and the impact its community is making on the field:

Reshaping Teacher Licensure: Lessons from the Pandemic

Olivia Chi, Ed.M.'17, Ph.D.'20, discusses the ongoing efforts to ensure the quality and stability of the teaching workforce

Lost in Translation

New comparative study from Ph.D. candidate Maya Alkateb-Chami finds strong correlation between low literacy outcomes for children and schools teaching in different language from home

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Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education Doctoral Programs

Teaching, learning, and teacher education, ed.d., ph.d..

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Application deadline: February 28. Summer Admission only

The Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) and the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education are offered in the Department of Teacher Education, Educational Leadership and Policy. These degrees provide for the study of teacher education, research, teaching, and learning in ethnically, culturally, and linguistically diverse settings. The TLTE doctoral programs are designed for individuals with backgrounds in PK-12 educational settings such as classroom teachers, administrators, instructional leaders, as well as experiences working in other educational/community settings.

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• EdD Graduation Checklist

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Teaching, learning, and teacher education, doctor of education (ed.d.), you are here, a doctoral program committed to educational practice for scholar-practitioners, curriculum specialists, and instructional leaders..

The Ed.D. in Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education is tailored to the needs of scholar-practitioners. Our graduates serve as researchers and teacher educators in universities and colleges, curriculum developers and evaluators in educational agencies, curriculum specialists in school districts and state departments of education, and instructional leaders and classroom teachers in K-12 schools.

What Sets Us Apart

About the program.

The Ed.D. in Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education features coursework and research experiences addressing a range of practice-based and theoretical problems in schools and community settings from sociopolitical, cultural, philosophical, psychological, and historical perspectives. 

Fall: 3; Spring: 3

Culminating experience Dissertation

Taking an interdisciplinary stance, faculty and students explore issues of equity, social justice, and educational change in a range of formal and informal educational settings.  You will select a focal area such as teaching and learning, research and practice in teacher education, mathematics or science education, and the study of urban education and urban contexts. If you are interested in the focal area of literacy, you may want to consider Penn GSE’s doctoral program in Literacy Studies .  Your program of study will include courses in teaching and learning, social foundations, and research methods. 

Field-based research and collaborative projects with practitioners in schools or other educational settings are key components of the program. You become an active participant in a community of learners including practicing and prospective teachers. The program is designed to draw together coursework, research apprenticeship, and other professional academic activities to build a complete professional program that is tailored to your interests and needs.

Full-time Ed.D. students enroll in 3 course units (CUs) each semester for the first two years and are expected to be in residence and participate in practicum activities, courses, and other academic experiences throughout the first two years. Part-time students must complete a residency requirement that involves taking at least four courses in two consecutive semesters.

Coursework and experiences are arranged around three areas or strands, including specialization courses, research methods courses, and electives/professional experiences, as well as a set of core courses. You will devise an individualized program of study based on your research interests and in consultation with your advisor. For more information on courses and requirements, visit the  Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education Ed.D. program in the University Catalog . 

Research Apprenticeship Course (RAC)

The RAC is part of the Professional Experiences strand and is designed to assist you in developing, conducting, and presenting your own original research. The course focuses on the research interests of the students and requires participation in the scheduling of activities, presentations, and directing part of the RAC agenda as it pertains to the collective needs of the group. Students from the different stages of the doctoral program will serve as mentors to one another, with faculty oversight. You will participate in the RAC beginning in the spring of your first year and continue participation until the completion of your dissertation.

Annual Self-Evaluation : Each year, doctoral students complete a Professional Self-Evaluation that is used as part of the ongoing evaluation and planning process. You are introduced to the evaluation form in the proseminar and will work on it in the spring Research Apprenticeship Course (RAC). The deadline for the Professional Self-evaluation falls in mid-autumn or mid-spring. 

Qualifying Examination : The Qualifying Examination is taken by all doctoral students, most often at the end of the first year. Passing this exam is an important step in being admitted to program candidacy. In order to take the qualifying exam, you need to have completed Doctoral Proseminar, Doctoral Foundations of Teaching and Learning, Education, Culture, and Society, 1 RAC, and 1 research methods course.

Program Candidacy : You are assessed for program candidacy after successfully completing Doctoral Proseminar, Doctoral Foundations of Teaching and Learning, Education, Culture, and Society, 1 RAC , and 1 research methods course, and passing the Qualifying Examination. You must be in good academic standing to receive program candidacy.

Preliminary Examination : The Preliminary Examination is taken after you have completed all courses and before you begin work on your dissertation. Passing the Preliminary Exam allows you to be admitted to doctoral candidacy. You may submit a Preliminary Exam from the start of the fall semester through April 1. A description of the Preliminary Exam is available from the Division Coordinator. 

Dissertation : To complete the Ed.D., you must design and undertake an original research study under the direction of your dissertation committee. Students should see Penn GSE and Penn-wide policies and speak with their advisor about the requirements of the dissertation.

Our Faculty

Affiliated Faculty

Ryan S. Baker Professor Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University

Bodong Chen Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Toronto

Matthew Duvall Lecturer Ph.D., Drexel University

L. Michael Golden Executive Director, Catalyst @ Penn GSE Ed.D., University of Pennsylvania

Zachary Herrmann Adjunct Assistant Professor Ed.L.D., Harvard University

Charlotte E. Jacobs Director, Independent School Teaching Residency Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania

Michael C. Johanek Senior Fellow Ed.D., Teachers College, Columbia University

Yasmin B. Kafai Lori and Michael Milken President’s Distinguished Professor Ed.D., Harvard University

Andrea M. Kane Professor of Practice, Education Leadership Ph.D., Northcentral University

Rand Quinn Associate Professor Ph.D., Stanford University

Sharon M. Ravitch Professor of Practice Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania

Susan A. Yoon Graduate School of Education Presidential Professor Ph.D., University of Toronto

"Penn GSE is a place that follows its students’ interests and creates opportunities and experiences based on what those interests are."

Paul McCormick

Our graduates.

Our graduates are prepared for research and academic careers in education, psychology, and related human services fields.

Alumni Careers

• Director of Curriculum and Instruction, Lindenwold School District
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Please visit our Admissions and Financial Aid pages for specific information on the application requirements , as well as information on tuition, fees, financial aid, scholarships, and fellowships.

Contact us if you have any questions about the program.

Graduate School of Education University of Pennsylvania 3700 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215) 898-6415 [email protected] [email protected]

Noemí Fernández Program Manager [email protected]

Please view information from our Admissions and Financial Aid Office for specific information on the cost of this program.

Penn GSE is committed to making your graduate education affordable, and we offer generous scholarships, fellowships, and assistantships.

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Current students in the Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education program are researching a range of topics including mathematical practices, teacher education, maker-based project education, culturally responsive pedagogy, science education, and media making.

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You May Be Interested In

Related programs.

• Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education Ph.D.
• Reading/Writing/Literacy Ph.D.
• Reading/Writing/Literacy Ed.D.
• Learning Sciences and Technologies M.S.Ed.
• Teaching, Learning, and Leadership M.S.Ed.
• Education, Culture, and Society Ph.D.

Related Topics

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

The Doctor of Philosophy program in the College of Education prepares students for careers in research or scholarly inquiry and teaching at the college level. The program consists of: (1) continuous research, (2) courses in education and related fields designed to develop a comprehensive academic basis for future work in research and teaching, and (3) teaching and other related experiences tailored to individual needs and career goals. Each student works closely with an advisor and a faculty Supervisory Committee to select courses, topics of research and inquiry, and teaching experiences. These three areas will combine to: (1) convey deep scholarly knowledge of education and a specialty outside of education (2) promote a broad understanding of various methods of inquiry in education and develop competency in several of those methods, (3) impart broad knowledge of theory and practice in two supportive cognates, and (4) promote excellence as a college teacher. Our Ph.D. alumni have positions at national research universities, at region and local universities, in community colleges, K-12 school settings, laboratories, foundations, agencies, and private businesses.

Culturally Sustaining Education

Educational policy, organization and leadership, language, literacy and culture, leadership in higher education, learning sciences & human development, measurement and statistics, school psychology (ph.d.), science or math education specialization, social and cultural foundations, special education doctoral, teacher education and teacher learning for justice.

EdD vs. PhD in Education: What’s the Difference?

Industry Advice Education

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctoral degree in education, one of the first questions you’ll face is: Should I apply for a Doctor of Education (EdD) or a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Education?

The decision between these two culminating degrees can be career-defining as each serves a very different purpose despite being equivalent in level. In order to ensure you choose the path that best aligns with your future goals and career path, it’s important to take the time to first understand the differences in program curriculum and future career opportunities that relate to each degree.

Read on to learn about the defining qualities and key differences of an EdD and a PhD in Education to determine which program is the right fit for you.

EdD vs. PhD in Education

A Doctor of Education (EdD) is a professional degree designed for practitioners pursuing educational leadership roles. A PhD in education , on the other hand, is designed to prepare graduates for research and teaching roles.

“With a PhD, [students are] reviewing the research, seeing a gap in the literature, and generating new knowledge based on a theory or hypothesis,” Joseph McNabb , a professor of practice in Northeastern’s Graduate School of Education , explains. “Conversely, an EdD student starts with a problem of practice and [works to learn] the skills it will take to resolve that complex problem of practice.”

What is an EdD Degree?

An EdD, or Doctor of Education , is a professional doctorate best suited for experienced educators and mid- to senior-level working professionals who want to lead and implement change within their organization.

EdD candidates work in a broad range of fields ranging from K-12 and higher education to nonprofits, government, healthcare, and the military. What each share is a desire to transform their everyday environment and apply the lessons learned through their doctorate to a complex, critical issue facing their workplace. 

The EdD is practice-based. Students in an EdD program don’t want to just research their area of interest, but leverage that research in ways that could positively influence their community or organization’s decision-making process.

Learn More: 5 Tips for Choosing Your EdD Concentration

Those who pursue an EdD focus on qualitative, exploratory research. Students collect data and conduct individual interviews, observations, or focus groups to construct hypotheses and develop strategies that can help solve or clarify a specific problem of practice, such as how to support student veterans transitioning to civilian life or how to foster more female leaders in higher education—two dissertation topics recently explored through Northeastern’s EdD program .

Download Our Free Guide to Earning Your EdD

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What Can You Do with an EdD Degree?

While an EdD can be applied to a variety of industries and career options—such as K-12, higher education, the nonprofit sector, or civic service—there are several job titles you’ll likely come across within your cohort of classmates. They include:

• Postsecondary Education Administrators: Postsecondary education administrators work in colleges or universities, and typically oversee faculty research, academics, admissions, or student affairs. Some job titles that fall under this category include president, vice president, provost, and dean. The average annual salary for a postsecondary education administrator rings in at $99,940 .
• Elementary and Secondary School Education Administrators: Superintendents, who are the top executives of a school district, fall under this category. They manage academic programs, spending, and the staffing of all educational facilities within their district, and typically earn an average of $106,850 per year .
• Top Executives : In education, a top executive could be a “chief learning officer” or “chief academic officer”—senior-level professionals who drive and develop strategies that help their organization meet critical business goals. Top executives make an average of approximately $100,090 per year .
• Instructional Coordinators : Instructional coordinators create and manage school curricula and other educational materials. They help teachers implement effective classroom learning strategies and measure the effectiveness of what’s being taught and how. The average annual salary for instructional coordinators is roughly $66,490 .

These are just a few of the many career opportunities available to EdD graduates.

Learn More: Top Careers with a Doctorate in Education

What is a PhD in Education?

A PhD in Education is a terminal degree best suited for individuals who want to pursue a career in academia or research at the university level.

Students in PhD or doctoral programs take a more theoretical, study-based approach to learning. In most cases, their goal is to master a specific subject or add their unique findings to a body of existing literature. PhD candidates conduct original research in the hopes of driving change in their field or inspiring others to make change based on their work.

A PhD is the degree most popular amongst those who aspire to become a professor or obtain a tenure position. Through these programs, students tend to focus on getting published in well-respected journals, presenting at national conferences, and learning how to teach future educators.

What Can You Do with a PhD in Education?

While some of the above roles can also be earned through a PhD program, the most common job titles for PhD-holders include:

• Postsecondary Teachers: Postsecondary teachers instruct students at a college or university. When they’re not in the classroom, they’re often focused on conducting research, attending conferences, and publishing scholarly papers and books. Postsecondary teachers earn an average $80,840 per year .
• Academic Researcher : Researchers often have the opportunity to create their own centers or institutes, hire staff to help carry out their work, and secure funding for that work. Salaries often vary by subject area, but a general academic researcher typically earns an average $83,971 per year .

EdD or PhD: Which is Better For You?

Once you’ve explored the differences between an EdD and PhD in Education, the most relevant question to consider will be: What’s the next step I want to take in my career, and which degree can help me achieve my professional goals? The answer to this question will determine which degree program you ultimately pursue.

Earning your doctorate can pay off no matter which path you choose. Professionals with a doctoral degree earn an average $98,000 a year —nearly $20,000 more a year than master’s degree holders. Similarly, doctoral degree holders see an unemployment rate of only one percent compared to the national unemployment rate of two percent.

Regardless of which degree you ultimately pursue, there is enormous potential for you to advance your career in the field of education. Evaluating your needs and values will help you understand whether an EdD or PhD in Education is best suited to your personal and professional goals.

This article was originally published in July 2017. It has since been updated for accuracy and relevance.

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About scott w. o'connor, related articles.

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The median annual salary for professional degree holders is $97,000. (BLS, 2020)

Doctor of Education

The degree that connects advanced research to real-world problem solving.

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Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership, (Ph.D.) - Teacher Education and Professional Development Specialization

Great schools have great teachers. If we want great schools, we must prepare teachers to be great. That is the work of teacher educators.

As the field of teaching has developed more complex ideas of high-quality education, teacher education has become more complex. Teacher educators need to prepare pre-service and in-service educators for equitable and justice-oriented practice. This program leads to a PhD in Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership with a specialization in Teacher Education and Professional Development (TEPD).

Courses examine:

• research on approaches to pre- and in-service teacher education;
• connections among teacher development, student learning, teacher leadership, curriculum, and school improvement;
• the sociopolitical contexts in which teacher education and professional development are embedded;
• humanizing and equity-oriented pedagogies used in different subject areas and in preparing teachers for multilingual and special needs students; and
• scholarship on teacher learning for minoritized and underserved populations in urban schools.

TEPD graduates become researchers, educational leaders, teacher educators, and change agents who forge innovative directions in the education of teachers for universities, state departments of education, school districts, and other research and learning organizations.

To complement the TEPD program requirements, students are encouraged to work with their advisors to tailor their coursework to their interests. Students are encouraged to take courses from other specializations within the department, including:

• Education Policy and Leadership ;
• Language, Literacy and Social Inquiry ;
• Mathematics and Science Education ;
• Urban Education ; and
• Technology, Learning and Leadership .

Courses may also come from other areas of study from within and outside the college including international education, sociology, anthropology, linguistics, urban studies, and women’s studies.

Meet some of our students

For information on graduate admission please see the Graduate School's Admission requirements . We accept both full-time and part-time doctoral students.

Select an area of interest from the various offerings in the College of Education to determine the admission requirements and deadlines.

Applicants who wish to apply to the PhD program with specialization in Teacher Education and Professional development should select Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership (TLPL) as their “Intended Program of Study,” and TEPD as their “Area of Interest.” Special consideration is given to candidates who have PK-12 teaching experience and/or who have led professional development programs or activities in schools, school systems, and other learning organizations.

Applicants to the PhD program need to submit the following:

• A statement of purpose describing your professional background, research interests, faculty you have interest in working with, and other relevant experiences;
• Official transcripts from undergraduate and graduate work;
• Letters of recommendation from people who can address your academic strengths and abilities as an educator or leader (3);
• A strong academic writing sample; and
• TOEFL/IELTS/PTE (for international graduate students). The requirements are available here .

Please refer to the  Guide to Applying  for instructions on how to apply for graduate admission. If you have questions or concerns, we ask you to first review our list of   Frequently Asked Questions .  International applicants should visit the International admissions webpage for additional information.

INFORMATION SESSION about our Ph.D. and M.A. programs will be held on October 13, 2023 , by zoom. Please email Kay Moon ( [email protected] ) to receive updates.

A typical course sequence for the TEPD specialization is below. Your individual experience may vary and we strongly encourage you to work with your advisor on crafting a course sequence that fits your needs and interests.

Course Sequence: Teacher Education/Professional Development Specialization

Years 4 & 5

The program provides competitive financial support packages for all full-time students.

The doctoral curriculum typically requires at least three years of graduate study beyond the master’s degree. Most students admitted to the doctoral program already have a master’s degree. If a student does not have a master’s degree, an advisor develops an individualized plan that aligns master’s level and doctoral level coursework for the student.

Integrated Department Core : All new TLPL PhD students join a two-course sequence (6 semester hours) in foundations of inquiry and practice with other department specialization students (TLPL 794 and TLPL 795). Full-time students typically take the Core courses in their first year.

Specialization Core : Candidates take at least 9 semester hours in TEPD. An additional 21 semester hours (typically seven courses) is selected in consultation with the advisor. These courses generally take the form of doctoral seminars taught by program faculty and may include doctoral level courses from other departments.

Intermediate and Advanced Methods : Students are required to take at least 12 credit hours of research methods courses, including one qualitative and one quantitative methods course. Students may take research methods courses in TLPL, Human Development and Quantitative Methods ( HDQM ), or other academic departments.

Doctoral Seminars : Doctoral students in TEPD may enroll in the TEPD (or other) one-credit seminar with other students in their area of focus to explore topics of interest with faculty and other students, develop their knowledge of the field, explore policy issues that pertain to the field, and apprentice into the broader research community.

Specialization in Teacher Education and Professional Development

I.  TLPL Department Core (9 cr)

• TLPL 794: Foundations of Education Inquiry: Core I
• TLPL 795: Foundations of Education Inquiry: Core II

II.  Intermediate & Advanced Methods (12 cr)

Though not an exhaustive list, some example courses are below:

Qualitative (at least 1 course)

• TLPL 790: Seminar in Mixed Methods Research in Education
• TLPL 791: Qualitative Research I: Design and Fieldwork
• TLPL 792: Qualitative Research II: Analysis and Interpretation of Data
• TLPL 860: Seminar on Case Study Methods
• TLPL 762: Phenomenological Inquiry I
• TLPL 763: Phenomenological Inquiry II

Quantitative (at least 1 course)

• EDMS 646: Quantitative Analysis II
• EDMS 651: Applied Regression Analysis
• EDMS 657: Factor Analysis
• EDMS 722: Structural Modeling
• TLPL 765: Quantitative Applications for Education Policy Analysis
• TLPL 788 X: Special Topics in Education: Cost Analysis
• SURV 699K: Multilevel Analysis of Survey Data

III.  Specialization Credits (30 cr)

Specialization Core (9 cr)

• TLPL 771: Pedagogy of Teacher Education
• TLPL 772: Teaching, Professional Development, and School Change
• TLPL 788: Teacher Cognition

Electives (21 cr)

Students work with their advisor to develop a program of study that includes at least one teacher education-focused course in another TLPL specialization, or another department in the College of Education.

IV. Comprehensive Exams

PhD students must complete comprehensive exams before starting their dissertation research. Students typically begin their comps near the end of  their second year or beginning of their third year.  

V.  Dissertation Research (12 cr)

Before embarking on collecting and analyzing data for a dissertation, PhD candidates need to submit a dissertation proposal. The most standard format for a proposal is to write it as the first three chapters of your dissertation. Chapter 1 is an introduction, Chapter 2 is a literature review and theoretical framework, and Chapter 3 is the research methods. PhD students should work with their advisor and their dissertation committee to decide on the format that makes the most sense.

If you have questions about our admissions process, contact TLPL Graduate Coordinator Kay Moon at [email protected] . 

If you have questions about the program specifically, contact Dr. Donna Wiseman at [email protected] . 

Deadlines vary by degree and program.  Please refer to the Graduate School's application information .

We encourage you to get in touch with any of the following faculty members who have an interest in teacher education and professional development, and are also affiliated with another specialization:

• Keisha Allen (she/her/hers): Education Policy and Leadership
• David Blazar (he/him/his): Education Policy and Leadership
• Andrew Brantlinger (he/him/his): Science, Technology and Mathematics Education
• Daniel  Chazan (he/him/his): Science, Technology and Mathematics Education
• Daniel Levin (he/him/his): Science, Technology and Mathematics Education
• Megan Madigan  Peercy (she/her/hers): Language, Literacy, and Social Inquiry
• Janet Walkoe (she/her/hers): Science, Technology and Mathematics Education
• Donna Wiseman (she/her/hers): Language, Literacy, and Social Inquiry

CATALOG AND POLICIES

Graduate students in the College of Education are responsible for meeting University and the Graduate School policy, and for meeting Program requirements.  See the  Graduate Catalog  and Graduate  Policies  governing graduate education at the University of Maryland. The  schedule adjustment policy  is available from the Office of the Registrar and provides information on adding and dropping courses, penalties, and refund schedules.

FORMS 

Graduate students are required to submit various forms at specific points in the program and as part of the degree clearance process. Please refer to  Steps Toward Graduation  to determine the steps and forms that are required. To access forms used by graduate students visit the Graduate Studies Forms page in Student Services .

Considering a PhD in Education? Here’s What You Need to Know

Blog summary.

If you have a sharp intellect, are enthusiastic about teaching, and want to advance in your profession, you might consider pursuing a PhD in education. You will need to commit to becoming a lifelong learner since you have a strong interest in education and want to pursue a PhD. Since you are reading this, you have likely decided to pursue a PhD. You should be aware of a few things before beginning your doctoral program. A bachelor’s degree in education from an accredited university is required, followed by a master’s degree. Taksha Smartlabz in association with the University of Central Nicaragua (TSL-UCN) is a popular university for those with a master’s degree for joining the online PhD in Education.

Things you need to know before starting a PhD in Education

What does it take to earn a phd in education, scope of phd in education.

• Does a  PhD In Education have any Scope Abroad?

Are you passionate about teaching? Do you want to transform the education system of your country? With a PhD in Education , you will get the opportunity to do so.

Another benefit of a PhD is that they will place your name in the halls of educational laureates one day. Get to be part of the elite class who have made a difference in the education system.

By joining Taksha Smartlabz in association with the University of Central Nicaragua (TSL-UCN), you will get an opportunity to be part of the finest educational institution. Cannot move from your home country? Do not worry; TSL-UCN has a distance learning PhD you can take online.

This article will help you learn everything there is to know about what a PhD in education programs entails. By the end, you will see if the program will suit your needs.

There are many aspects and requirements one has to have to apply for a PhD in Education . Let’s learn about each of them one by one-

1)Have a bright mind: Doing a PhD is the highest degree, and qualification one can meet. Only 2.5 percent of colleges provide this level of academic accreditation and even less for PhD in education programs .

Most opt for distance PhDs because of their convenience and the number of options you get.

Very few have the high level of thinking and mindset to reach such academic heights.

Do you have what it takes, then apply for a distance learning PhD from TSL-UCN?

2)Be Passionate: Being an educator and consulting institution is a huge responsibility. You are responsible for a curriculum and setting learning guidelines for hundreds if not thousands of students. A level of sensitivity but also a disciplined understanding of the learning process is required.

3)Be meticulous with your work: Being in education management, you must set up a framework incorporating many aspects. Even one small error or miscalculation can have unforeseen consequences in an educational institute. Having a PhD in education leadership means more responsibilities which only makes the job more fulfilling.

4) A perpetual learner: While a PhD in Education is the highest learning course there is. The process of learning never stops, and that is the beauty of it. Education is a field that is ever-growing and evolving with the world.

New ideas come to life frequently, and you have to incorporate them into a curriculum. To ensure students are always ready and prepared for the rest of their lives.

5) Great Management Skills: Running an educational institution is all about management and teamwork. Managing teachers, students, and parents is all part of your job when working in the field.

Here are just a few qualities and learning you will have for a PhD in education programs at TSL-UCN.

Getting a PhD in Education can be a long and winding process.

Here’s a brief breakdown of what are the steps required to get to a PhD degree-

• You have to obtain a bachelor’s degree in Education from a select college.
• You would have to then prepare for the entrance exams and get accepted into a college.
• You would have to select either doing a master’s or a PhD from a specified college. Generally, it is ideal to do a master’s. TSL-UCN university requires a minimum master’s degree for PhD in Education Online
• At TSL-UCN, it can take up to 3 years or more after getting a master’s degree.

Getting more specific, a PhD in Education program requires you to:

• Go through the BRICS model coursework at TSL-UCN.
• Create a dissertation topic and original research on it.
• Your Dissertation will be challenged thoroughly and examined by the academic mentors.
• Finally, the study will get published for everyone to see and read.

After getting your distance PhD from TSL-UCN, doors will get open for the following Jobs-

1) A University Professor – If you feel that teaching is your passion, then being a professor is the best job there is. With a PhD degree, you can quickly join the finest universities in India. Expect a minimum pay scale of 1 lakh rupees right after college.

2) School teacher or Principal- School teachers and principals have changed many people who study in the educational field. They have helped them in their formative years, which is why many are passionate about the subject.

Become a principal and be the guide for other students.

3) Education Consultant- Many schools and other institutions need people who can come in to fill managerial positions. PhD in educational leadership is the best way to reach the top.

You will be required to do the following as a consultant.

• Train teachers in the new changes happening in the educational curriculum.
• Work with guidance counselors to create a curriculum best for a child’s growing mind.
• Create educational programs online for students and teachers to follow.
• Survey the student’s capabilities and the effectiveness of programs.
• Work with the colleges to ensure students get to fill the positions.

4) Government jobs- The Ministry of Education constantly looks for bright and talented people to reform the education system. A PhD in Education will allow you to be at the forefront of many education state boards.

A government job provides you stability and has many other benefits included like:

• Subsidized healthcare
• Government allowances
• Flexible hours and much more

5) Chief Learning Officer (CLO)- Many large private firms are looking for people with a doctorate in Education to conduct training programs.

You will be required to work in different exciting fields like Information Technology, banking, and other sectors. A CLO ensures that employees are aware of new changes and technologies.

You will get an opportunity to work in the biggest firms in the world.

Does a  PhD In Education have any Scope Abroad ?

Yes, having a PhD in Education ensures that you can immigrate to almost any country. You can get any job that we mentioned in the previous section with higher pay.

The need for great educators is much higher abroad, and Indians with PhDs are at the top of the ladder.

An average pay scale for people with PhD in education programs in the US are-

• Average professor salary- 100,000 USD
• Average School Principal pay- 57,000 USD
• Average US Department of Education salary -112,724 USD
• Average Chief Learning Officer (CLO) salary- 120k – 350k USD
• Average Education Consultant salary- 35,000 USD

A doctorate in online education programs from TSL-UCN is one quick way to gain credibility and success.

Getting a PhD in Education is the maximum accreditation you can achieve. Applying for one can help you maximize your professional career and be at the top echelon of brightest minds.

It can be a vital goal for you to achieve and be professionally at the top of your capabilities.

If you are reading this, you know about the importance of Education and its transformative effect. But one can be hesitant of the challenge that lies ahead.

However, some people even manage to fast-track their PhD and finish it before the duration.

Enroll today for a PhD in Education at TSL-UCN!! They also provide PhD in Education online for people who can’t be on campus.

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Ph.D in Clinical Research

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Teacher Education

Ph. d. programs in teacher education, department perspective on ph.d. programs.

Doctoral education is distinct from “going to school.” While courses and mastery of predetermined content are an essential element, so too is participation in larger professional communities – through research projects, participation in professional organizations, work in schools and other relevant settings and the like. Perhaps most importantly, it is essential that students take ownership for their own learning during the course of a doctoral program, which includes deciding what courses to take and what other experiences to create for one’s own development. Here we briefly sketch out the components of the PhD programs within the Department of Teacher Education.

Our Commitment

We are committed to creating a diverse community: We believe that diversity of background, experience, expertise, and perspective enriches our scholarship, our practice, and our lives. We seek to attract and retain the best faculty and graduate students possible. We also strive to promote high-quality, equitable education and to generate a sense of professional responsibility for the improvement of education in its multiple dimensions. We also seek both to understand and to reform education: We have an obligation to engage in meaningful research about education. But we also recognize our obligation to move beyond analysis and promote education reform, seeking to improve the conditions of teaching and learning for students and educators alike. This means looking beyond the technical concerns of teaching and learning to the broader social responsibility we bear for promoting social equity in and through education.

Curriculum, Instruction and Teacher Education, Ph. D.

Visit the  Curriculum, Instruction and Teacher Education  program website

The doctoral program in Curriculum, Instruction and Teacher Education (formerly Curriculum, Teaching and Educational Policy) is designed for persons who are interested in and show promise of becoming scholars and leaders in the domains of curriculum, instruction, and teacher education, and educational policy at the K–12 or college level, or in local, state, regional, national, or international institutions or agencies. The program is characterized by its interdisciplinary and interinstitutional perspectives on problems and issues of educational practice.

Language and Literacy Instruction, Doctoral Option

Visit the  Language and Literacy Specialization  option website

This Language and Literacy Specialization is designed for persons interested in studying best practices, literacy development, how it influences our socio-cultural identities and much more. Graduates of the Language and Literacy doctoral option will be better prepared to become literacy researchers, teacher educators, educational leaders, policy makers, and classroom teachers. The specialization offers doctoral students the opportunity to work with accomplished researchers who provide mentorship in a range of methodological approaches to critical issues in the literacy field.

Doctoral Specialization in the Economics of Education

Visit the  Doctoral Specialization in the Economics of Education  website

The interdisciplinary specialization in Economics of Education at Michigan State University helps students focus on learning the best quantitative methods to answer policy questions in education. Doctoral candidates from four College of Education programs – Educational Policy, K-12 Educational Administration, Measurement and Quantitative Methods, and Curriculum, Instruction and Teacher Education – are eligible for the fellowship program, which includes a graduate assistantship and an annual $30,000 stipend.

Urban Education Graduate Certificate

Visit the  Urban Education Graduate Certificate  program website

Graduate students in the College of Education have an opportunity to study issues of urban education in greater depth through the Urban Education Graduate Certificate program. This interdepartmental sequence of courses is primarily for doctoral students who have a particular interest in teaching and conducting research within the contexts of urban communities.

Academic Degrees , Education Degree News

Considering a PhD in Education? Here’s What You Need to Know

Updated: February 13, 2024

Published: December 17, 2018

For anyone looking to pursue a career in education in academia or research, a Ph.D. in education is the degree to seek. A doctorate degree in education is a terminal degree in the field, which means it is the highest level degree you can get. So the natural next question is, “What can you do with a Ph.D. in education?

Here, we will share Ph.D. in education jobs, as well as answer all your big questions surrounding a doctorate degree in education.

What is a Ph.D. in education?

A doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in education is a graduate degree that is well-suited for anyone who wants to focus their career on academics or research. Just like a Ph.D. in education is a terminal degree, so is a Doctor of Education (EdD) degree.

Although it can be confusing when faced with two terminal degrees in the same field, it helps to clarify when we understand what each of their focus is. An EdD in education is more hands-on and practice-oriented, which means that it’s of use to those who want to work in education, for the government, or in a non-profit organization.

A Ph.D. in education is theoretically-focused and more study-based, in comparison. For this reason, it’s best for anyone looking to work in research or academia at the university level.

There are more differences between the two, including:

• A Ph.D. in education takes four years to complete, while an EdD takes two.
• A Ph.D. requires doing a dissertation, while an EdD doesn’t.
• A Ph.D. focuses on developing new research. EdD students, on the other hand, use existing research to guide decisions about issues within their area of study.
• A Ph.D. requires taking 90 credits, whereas an EdD requires 60.

Why Earn a Ph.D. in Education?

There are many reasons why a Ph.D. in education is valuable and worthy of your effort. Here’s why:

1. It’s one of the most highly respected credentials in education, and as mentioned, it is a terminal degree (which means its the highest level that you can achieve in this field).

2. You’ll use research-based methods to solve problems and identify gaps in your specialization of choice.

Plus, you will have the expertise and credentials to publish in professional journals and/or present your findings at conferences around the world.

3. You’ll be advancing in an area of education in which you’re passionate.

Are you fascinated by childhood development? Or do you have a passion for classroom management? If you have a desire to advance a particular field in education, a Ph.D. is an excellent way to do so.

4. You’ll earn respect in your field and gain personal satisfaction.

Since a Ph.D. in education requires doing a dissertation, that alone is not an easy feat! Accomplishing it will surely give you a rewarding feeling. Plus, being called Doctor isn’t so bad either. Just like any degree, a Ph.D. in education involves a certain skill set . Some learned along the way, and some you may have naturally. These are some skills involved in a Ph.D. in education:

Technical skills:

Analysis and problem-solving, project management and organization, research and information management, and written and oral communication are all important in such a research-based degree.

Soft skills:

Interpersonal and leadership skills, self-management and work habits, concentration, and patience are all important personal skills to have when you’re spending lots of time on one specific topic.

The Doctorate in Education Salaries You Can Expect

Did you know that in America, Ph.D. graduates will earn $1.3 million more than BA holders in their working lifetimes? There are all kinds of career options for Ph.D. education graduates.

Here are some examples of typical careers for Ph.D. in education holders, as well as their average salaries in the US:

• Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologists: $79,820
• Education Teachers, Postsecondary: $80,56 0
• Survey Researchers: $59,870 
• Sociologists: $86,110
• Training and Development Specialists: $62,700

Many PhD in education graduates want to become professors. Here’s what the average annual salaries look like around the globe for professors in the top-paying countries (in their equivalent USD):

Denmark: $109,600

Switzerland: $185,000

UK: $110,000

US: $102,400

Finland: $95,000

Canada: $93,000

Germany:$92,000

France: $82,000

There are other career options as well, such as school administrator, superintendent, curriculum coordinator, and principal.

What are the Requirements?

Considering that a Ph.D. in education is the highest level you can achieve in education, it means that you will already have a bachelor’s under your belt, and in most cases, a master’s degree, as well. In other words, you probably like being a student. There are lots of years of studying that get dedicated to earning a Ph.D. If you plan on doing a doctorate in education, earning a master’s degree in education can be the right first step.

Another important thing to know is that almost all Ph.D. candidates have background experience in research. So if education is your field of interest, getting a Ph.D. will mean coming to the table with previous research experience from your undergraduate (and potentially graduate) degrees.

Every institution may differ on their prerequisites for enrolling in their Ph.D. in education program. Be sure to consult directly with your school of choice to find out what they are.

Where Can I Earn My Ph.D. in Education?

There are many schools that offer Ph.D. in education programs. Just like most subjects, there are going to be online /on-campus options as well as throughout the world. Some are even fully funded.

Online programs

University of the People has a Master’s in Education (M.Ed) degree. This could be a great choice for those of you who may be aiming for a Ph.D. in education but only have a BA. The next step is getting that MA. So, why not choose a tuition-free program ?

Liberty University, Walden University, University of Colorado, and the University of Nebraska are just a few popular universities that offer a Ph.D. in Education. Here’s a look at some of the most affordable online Ph.D. programs.

Studying in Europe

Studying in Europe can be both exciting and low-cost . Germany, Sweden, Norway, and Finland offer free doctorate tuition for university students, regardless of their nationality! France offers low-cost Ph.D. tuition fees. If you want to see some specific schools in these countries, look at this list.

Fully-funded Programs

Fully-funded sounds wonderful, and it is! But, it doesn’t mean there are no costs associated. Fully-funded actually means that your tuition is covered, but you’ll still have to cover costs for textbooks and supplies, living expenses, and other fees.  no cost. That said, it’s still an awesome option. One condition: it has to be on campus. Why? Because you need to pay with your time — by teaching and performing research.

University of Michigan School of Education, Vanderbilt Peabody College, and Steinhardt School at NYU all offer tuition-free on-campus Ph.D. in education programs.

Online vs On-campus

You might be wondering what it’s like to get your Ph.D. online, as compared to on-campus institutions. Like all degrees, there are advantages and disadvantages to earning your degree entirely online. In regards to a Ph.D. in education, you will need to consider a few things.

Online Ph.D. programs are best suited to students who work better solo. They are also great for those who have worked in the field for some time and want to advance in their area of study. And, of course, it’s the best option for those who work and are raising families. On the other hand, you aren’t in the presence of peers and professors that can be a valuable resource in the research-driven program of a Ph.D.

Earning a Ph.D. on-campus has its pros and cons, too.. While they’re generally more expensive than online programs, on-campus Ph.D. programs allow you to communicate face-to-face with your professors, supervisors, and other students.

What You Can Expect to Study in a Ph.D. in Education

Completing a Ph.D. means doing your dissertation, or research thesis. Naturally, it is going to be based on the field of study that you are most interested in. You can specialize in a certain area. Some common specialization options for a Ph.D. in education are:

• Early Childhood Education
• Special Education
• Adult Education
• Teacher Leadership
• Curriculum and Pedagogy
• Educational Psychology

Aside from the research involved in planning and executing your thesis, you will also have professional development activities and coursework relevant to your area of study. They’re designed to help give you the skills needed to succeed in your research and your future career in education.

While the curriculum is going to vary according to your specialization, there are some general core courses that most PhDs in education involve. You will likely take the following: group psychology, leadership, learning models, ethics, education and globalization, and analytics courses as part of your curriculum.

Is a Ph.D. in Education for Me?

If you choose to study for a Ph.D. in education, chances are you’re passionate about teaching and learning, and everything in between. Even if you’re not looking to stand in front of a lecture hall and teach, you may wish to improve upon the field of education as a whole through research and other means. With a Ph.D. in Education, you open the door to that possibility and many more.

How you choose to earn your degree is up to you. Whether you conclude upon enrolling online or on-campus, prepare yourself for lots of reading, writing, researching, and communicating. Whatever you chose, we’re sure you’ll give it your best shot. Here’s to reaching the top in the field of education!

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Course type

Qualification, university name, phd degrees in teaching and training.

22 degrees at 16 universities in the UK.

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• PhD Teaching and Training
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• PhD Arts & Crafts, Communication and Performing Arts Teaching
• PhD Health Care and Medicine Teaching
• PhD Languages and Reading Teaching
• PhD Learning Design and Development
• PhD Learning Resources and Educational Technology
• PhD Literacy and Special Needs Teaching
• PhD Mathematics Teaching
• PhD Music Teaching
• PhD Performing Arts Teaching
• PhD Science, Mathematics, Environment and Health Teaching
• PhD Sciences Teaching
• PhD TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages):
• PhD Teaching and Training In Post-Compulsory Education
• PhD Teaching and Training Methods

• Course title (A-Z)
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PhD Postgraduate Research in Education And Lifelong Learning

University of east anglia uea.

We are a top tier, research-led university and are committed to making a substantial impact on the global challenges facing society. Our Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £4,712 per year (UK)
• 6 years Part time degree: £2,356 per year (UK)

Teacher Education PhD

University of gloucestershire.

What is Teacher Education Our research strengths lie in curriculum studies, early years, leadership and diversity in education, learning Read more...

• 4 years Full time degree: £5,100 per year (UK)
• 6 years Part time degree: £3,400 per year (UK)

Education and Training PhD

Faculty of education, health and human sciences, university of greenwich.

Our research degree PhD is ideal for professionals in education and other fields to conduct unique research in education and training with Read more...

• 5 years Part time degree: £2,356 per year (UK)

Mphil Phd Applied Positive Psychology And Coaching Psychology

University of east london.

Studying for an MPhil/PhD with UEL's School of Psychology will push you to the limit - and our world-class academic staff will support Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £5,740 per year (UK)

PhD Education

University of hull.

About our programmes We offer postgraduate research options across a broad variety of topics ranging from technology enhanced learning, Read more...

Education PhD

University of nottingham.

Researchers in the School of Education are committed to investigating and advancing social justice within and through education. You will Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £5,100 per year (UK)
• 6 years Part time degree

Higher Education - PhD

University of kent.

Research on higher education at Kent focuses on higher education practices and policy, particularly as they relate to innovation, Read more...

Curriculum, Pedagogy and Assessment MPhil/PhD

Ucl (university college london).

The Department of Curriculum, Pedagogy & Assessment has specialist, research active staff able to supervise postgraduate research in the Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £7,580 per year (UK)
• 5 years Part time degree: £3,790 per year (UK)

University of West London

Our PhD in Education is supervised by our vibrant department, well connected to the wider research and scholarly community. The student Read more...

• 4 years Full time degree: £3,995 per year (UK)
• 6 years Part time degree: £2,000 per year (UK)

Education PhDs and Mphils (Distance Learning)

University of portsmouth.

If you're ready to take your knowledge and expertise in Education into a postgraduate research degree, then Portsmouth is the perfect place Read more...

• 6 years Distance without attendance degree: £2,356 per year (UK)

PhD (Integrated) in Education

University of southampton.

Our iPhD could be right for you if you have a research study in mind that would make an original contribution to education but you do not Read more...

• 4 years Full time degree

Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities - PhD

The Centre offers excellent opportunities for full or part-time research in intellectual disability and community care leading to higher Read more...

Education, Practice and Society MPhil/PhD

The Department of Education, Practice and Society is one of the largest at the IOE, with research-active staff specialising in a wide Read more...

Art & Design PhDs and MPhils (Distance Learning)

If you're looking to take your skills in art and design into postgraduate research, our research degree programmes can help you achieve Read more...

Digital & Creative Technologies PhDs and MPhils (Distance Learning)

If you're ready to take your expertise in Digital and Creative Technologies into a postgraduate research degree, Portsmouth is the Read more...

PhD Educational Research and Development

University of lincoln.

This PhD is a research qualification aimed at those who are, or aspire to be, senior academic or administrative leaders of primary, Read more...

• 2 years Full time degree: £4,830 per year (UK)
• 3 years Part time degree: £2,415 per year (UK)

Teacher Training and Education Existing Published or Creative Work PhD

University of sunderland.

A PhD by Published or Creative Work is designed for individuals with an existing portfolio of published work addressing a central Read more...

• 6 months Part time degree: £6,000 per year (UK)

Adult Education and Lifelong Learning PhD

University of warwick.

The PhD in Adult Education and Lifelong Learning allows you to undertake an in-depth analysis and research of adult education and lifelong Read more...

• 3 years Full time degree: £4,950 per year (UK)
• 7 years Part time degree: £2,970 per year (UK)

University of Sussex

The PhD in Education gives you the opportunity to develop specialist knowledge in an area of interest and to hone advanced research skills. Read more...

Queen's University Belfast

You’ll be part of a dynamic doctoral research environment and will study alongside students from over 25 different countries; we Read more...

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What is the Difference Between a PhD Candidate and a PhD Student?

Pursuing a doctoral degree is a significant academic achievement that requires years of dedicated study, research, and intellectual rigour. Within the realm of doctoral studies, the terms ‘PhD candidate’ and ‘PhD student’ are commonly used, often interchangeably. However, a closer examination reveals that there are nuanced differences between these two designations. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for both prospective doctoral students and those seeking to comprehend the various stages of the doctoral journey.

In this article, we delve into the disparity between a PhD candidate and a PhD student, shedding light on the roles, responsibilities, and progression associated with each stage. We explore the specific criteria that differentiate a student from a candidate and the various milestones marking the transition. Additionally, we delve into the responsibilities and expectations that accompany each designation, illuminating the unique experiences and commitments faced by PhD candidates and students.

Furthermore, we acknowledge the variability in terminology across international boundaries, academic institutions, and disciplinary fields, providing insights into how different contexts might influence the usage of these terms. By the end, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of the contrasting aspects between a PhD candidate and a PhD student, facilitating informed conversations and a deeper appreciation for the intricate nature of doctoral education.

Introduction

Who is a phd student, when phd student attains status of phd candidate, variation in terminology.

Pursuing a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) degree involves conducting original research in a specific field of study, making a significant contribution to knowledge, and demonstrating a high level of expertise. It is the highest academic qualification one can attain and is highly valued in academia, research institutions, and certain industries. A PhD signifies a deep understanding of a subject area, advanced analytical and critical thinking skills, and the ability to conduct independent research.

While the terms “PhD candidate” and “PhD student” are often used interchangeably, there are subtle differences between the two.

A PhD student typically refers to an individual who has been admitted to a doctoral program, actively engaging in coursework and other program requirements. They are in the early stages of their doctoral journey and are working towards completing the necessary academic components of their degree. On the other hand, a PhD candidate is typically someone who has progressed beyond the coursework stage and has advanced to the research phase of their program. They have usually completed comprehensive exams, passed a research proposal defense, and are actively engaged in independent research for their dissertation or thesis.

The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the distinction between a PhD candidate and a PhD student. By exploring the criteria, milestones, and responsibilities associated with each designation, this article aims to clarify the unique experiences and progression of doctoral students. It also seeks to address the varying terminology used across different contexts and disciplines, enabling readers to grasp the intricacies of the doctoral journey and fostering informed discussions around this topic.

Through this article, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the journey from being a PhD student to becoming a PhD candidate and the distinct roles and responsibilities associated with each stage.

A PhD student is an individual who has been admitted to a doctoral program and is actively engaged in pursuing their doctoral studies. They are at the initial stages of their doctoral journey, seeking to expand their knowledge, skills, and expertise in a specific field of study. PhD students play a vital role in academic research communities as they contribute to the generation of new knowledge and the advancement of their discipline.

PhD students are required to complete a set of coursework specific to their field of study. These courses are designed to provide a foundation in the discipline, enhance research skills, and broaden the student’s understanding of relevant theories and methodologies. Coursework may include seminars, advanced classes, and specialized topics. The specific coursework requirements can vary between programs and disciplines.

Example: Imagine a student named Alex who has just been accepted into a doctoral program in psychology. At this stage, Alex is considered a PhD student as they begin taking relevant coursework, attending seminars, and collaborating with faculty members. They are laying the foundation for their research and acquiring the necessary knowledge in their field.

Who is a PhD Candidate?

Advancement from being a PhD student to a PhD candidate typically involves meeting specific requirements set by the doctoral program. These requirements may vary depending on the institution and field of study but often include successful completion of coursework, exams, and other program-specific milestones.

One of the primary requirements for transitioning to a PhD candidate is the successful completion of coursework and exams. PhD students are expected to complete a designated set of courses, which provide a broad understanding of their field and research methodologies. They are also required to pass comprehensive exams, which assess their comprehensive knowledge and understanding of their research area.

As part of the transition to becoming a PhD candidate, students typically prepare and defend a research proposal. The research proposal outlines the scope, objectives, methodology, and significance of the intended research. The proposal defense may involve presenting the proposal to a committee of faculty members, who evaluate its feasibility, rigour, and contribution to the field. Additionally, PhD students often have to pass comprehensive exams, which test their knowledge of their research area and related disciplines.

If you are not familiar with writing PhD proposal and making PhD proposal presentation, then visit my articles on “ How to Write PhD Proposal Presentation to the University ” and ” How to Make a PhD Proposal Presentation to the University Panel” . These articles will guide you through the process of preparation and presentation of PhD proposal to the University panel.

Upon successful completion of the requirements, PhD students are often granted candidacy status. Advancement to candidacy signifies that the student has demonstrated the necessary knowledge, skills, and potential to conduct independent research and contribute to their field. This status allows students to focus more exclusively on their research and dissertation work.

Once students become PhD candidates, there is a shift towards an increased emphasis on independent research. They are expected to dedicate a significant portion of their time and effort to conducting original research, collecting data, analyzing results, and making novel contributions to their field. The focus is primarily on their dissertation or thesis work, which serves as the culmination of their doctoral studies.

Example: Let’s consider a PhD student named Alex in the field of computer science. After completing their coursework and passing comprehensive exams, Alex develops a research proposal outlining their intention to investigate the applications of machine learning in cybersecurity. They present the proposal to a committee of faculty members, who assess the feasibility and potential impact of the research.

Alex successfully defends their research proposal and is granted candidacy status, transitioning from a PhD student to a PhD candidate. With candidacy status, Alex’s focus shifts towards conducting independent research. They spend considerable time collecting and analyzing cybersecurity datasets, developing and refining machine learning algorithms, and testing their effectiveness in detecting and preventing cyber threats.

As a PhD candidate, Alex works closely with their advisor, regularly discussing research progress, seeking guidance, and receiving feedback. They collaborate with other researchers in the field, attend conferences to present their findings and contribute to the scholarly community through publications. The focus is now on producing an original and significant contribution to the field of computer science through their dissertation.

The transition to PhD candidacy marks a critical stage in the doctoral journey, as it signifies the ability to independently drive research and make scholarly contributions. PhD candidates like Alex are immersed in the world of research, expanding knowledge, and pushing the boundaries of their field.

Terminology related to PhD candidates and PhD students can vary internationally and among different academic institutions. In some countries, the terms “PhD candidate” and “PhD student” may be used interchangeably, while in others, there may be specific distinctions. For example, in the United States, “PhD student” is commonly used, while in the United Kingdom, “PhD candidate” is more frequently employed. Additionally, different universities or institutions may have their own terminology preferences, which can create further variation.

Terminology can also vary based on the disciplinary field of study. Different academic disciplines have their own conventions and terminology for referring to individuals pursuing a doctoral degree. For instance, in the sciences, one might encounter terms like “graduate researcher” or “doctoral candidate.” In the humanities and social sciences, the terms “PhD candidate” and “PhD student” are often used. This variation reflects the specific linguistic and cultural norms within different academic domains.

In Canada, for instance, doctoral students are commonly referred to as “PhD candidates,” regardless of their stage in the program. In Australia, “PhD candidate” is the preferred term for those who have completed the required coursework and have advanced to the research phase. In contrast, in the United States, “PhD student” is frequently used to refer to individuals at all stages of their doctoral studies.

Disciplinary variations can also be observed. In engineering, individuals pursuing a doctoral degree are often referred to as “PhD students” or “doctoral students.” In contrast, in the field of education, the term “PhD candidate” is commonly used to denote those who have advanced to the research and dissertation stage.

It is important to note that these examples represent general trends, and there can still be variation within specific institutions and programs. The usage of terminology can evolve over time and may be influenced by regional or institutional preferences.

The distinction between a PhD candidate and a PhD student holds significant importance in the realm of doctoral education.

While these terms are often used interchangeably, they represent different stages and responsibilities within the doctoral journey. A PhD student is in the initial stages of their program, actively engaging in coursework, research, and academic requirements.

On the other hand, a PhD candidate has advanced beyond coursework, passed comprehensive exams, and is focused primarily on independent research and the completion of their dissertation.

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abbreviation or noun

Definition of phd, examples of phd in a sentence.

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'PhD.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

New Latin philosophiae doctor

1839, in the meaning defined above

Dictionary Entries Near PhD

Cite this entry.

“PhD.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/PhD. Accessed 21 Apr. 2024.

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