essay notes for class 12

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2nd Year English Grammar

Latest update.

Updated March 2024 The most recent 12th Class English Grammar Notes 2024 have been uploaded onto the Ilmkidunya website, with PDF files provided for the convenience of students. This allows students to easily access and download the notes, thereby improving their learning process effectively.

English is a compulsory subject of  2nd Year Intermediate Board Examinations . The subject enhances students develop better speaking, writing, and grammar skills. The students learn to be capable enough to draft creative writing with good grammar and vocabulary. The syllabus of English for 2nd Year Intermediate Board Exams includes several sections that cover the book part, grammar, comprehension, essay writing, and more.

12th Class English Grammar PDF Notes

English essays.

Essays are writings that include general information regarding the topic and the writer’s approach to the topic. It may include critical and analytical writing depending upon the type of essay.  In the 2nd year, intermediate Board Exams English Essays are a compulsory portion with a choice of topics. The portion carries the highest marks. The students are required to draft essay writing while keeping grammar and vocabulary in mind.

My hero in history essay for 2nd year with quotations  can also be found here.There are several Model Papers and  Paper Schemes  issued by the  Punjab Board that highlight the important topics for students to prepare well. The students can draft an essay on their own or can attempt various model essays.

Grammar is an essential component of English writing. The proper use of grammar will lead to a better understanding of the concept the writer conveys. The wrong use of grammar will lead to unstructured sentences, unclear concepts, and hard-to-understand statements. Grammar is the proper use of Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives to form a structured sentence. Students of intermediate level are capable enough to form a structured sentence with the help of proper grammar. The essay, story, and other writings have a major role in grammar. To get a grip on your writing grammar plays a huge role. 

The English stories at an intermediate level provide learning to students. These stories lead to a valuable moral lesson. The students gather their knowledge through the various short stories. It provides a better learning exposure to students. The story writing can either be descriptive or narrative. A narrative story includes the writer’s opinion and how the writer narrates the particular content of an event.

While descriptive stories include a description of a particular story. The intermediate students can follow various model papers to have a sound understanding of various essay writing and other English stories that will lead to a better performance overall. 

12th Class Notes

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2nd Year English Notes (Prose, Heroes, Chips, Essays, Idioms)

12th class english notes for punjab board students.

We know you are looking for 2nd year English notes in pdf to download. That’s why we have uploaded the best quality notes of 12th class English. These English notes include solved Short Questions of Modern Pros & Heroes, MR. Chips, Synonym MCQs, Solved Grammar, Prepositions, Essays, Idioms. You can easily download these English notes or view them online.

We uploaded the best quality FA / FSC ICS Part 2 English notes that cover the requirements of the new syllabus of the all-Punjab boards. These notes are in the best format so that you can simply print them and prepare yourself for exams. These notes are prepared by qualified teachers having experience of years in the education field.

Objective Part

Mr Chips MCQs

Prepositions MCQs

Subjective Part

Mr Chips SQs

Idiom Notes

2nd Year English Notes For FA FSC ICS ICOM Students

The first section consists of the Grammar portion. The grammar portion includes MCQs, Grammar, prepositions, Essay, Idioms, and Important Urdu to English Paragraphs for 2nd year English. The second section consists of Question Answers to all lessons, heroes, and MR Chips. These notes also contain question answers and synonym MCQs.

It is a matter of great pleasure for us that all our notes have proved their worth for the intermediate classes. I hope, students will find these 2nd year English notes useful for the new pattern of the paper. In Taleem city, students can get 12th Class English notes in pdf format, so they don’t have to worry. Here, the notes can be downloaded, so they can keep them.

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These 2nd Year English Notes are according to the syllabus of all Punjab Boards. Other boards other than Punjab do not follow class 12 English notes. These Punjab boards are Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Bahawalpur Board Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, and Sahiwal Board.

We’re trying our best to facilitate you by providing these quality educational resources. But if you find any mistakes in our inter part 2, then please let us know. And, if you like our efforts then also tell your friends, so they can also get higher marks in the FSC/FA exam. If you have a query in your mind, then comment below. Share it because “Sharing is Caring”.

Related Articles

2nd year english idioms and phrases in urdu, 2nd year modern prose and heroes notes, goodbye mr. chips notes | 2nd year english, 2nd year english modern prose & heroes synonyms mcqs, 10 comments.

sr 2nd year k passages urdu into English b upload kr den

This web site is helped me very muxh i m thankful to you bcz of this i learnt with concept and i got everything through this web

thanks for your kind words:)

As Salam Alaikum! There is certainly some issue with the link of Prose and Heros Short Questions. I’ll be much obliged if you show proactivity in fixing it, with the most sincerity.

inshallah, we will add it on priority basis.

Please sir, I need more essays other than corona pandemic ,as your essays are so apt, need essay on “pollution” in particular

inshallah hum upload kr rhy han

Class 12th English ky Urdu to English translate krny paragraph bta den

please upload fbise english notes.

I need eassy

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Important English Essays for 2nd Year 2023

Important english essays for 2nd year 2023.

2nd year English Important essay topics 2023

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Do you want to improve your English writing skills? 🙋‍♂️

If you are a Class 12 student, you know how important writing is for your English learning. Writing is not only a skill, but also an art, a craft, and a tool. Writing helps you to express your thoughts, ideas, opinions, and emotions in a creative and effective way. 🌟

But writing can be challenging, especially if you don't have the right guidance, resources, and practice. That's why we have created a comprehensive and engaging Class 12 English Writing course for you. 🙌

Our course covers all the topics and skills that you need to ace your Class 12 English Writing exams and beyond. You will learn from the best teachers, who have years of experience and expertise in teaching writing. You will also get access to highquality study materials, such as notes, videos, quizzes, and assignments. 📚

But that's not all. Our course also helps you to develop your creativity, originality, and style as a writer. You will explore various types and formats of writing, such as essays, letters, articles, speeches, reports, etc. You will also learn how to write for different purposes and audiences, such as informative, persuasive, descriptive, narrative, etc. 🖋️

By the end of our course, you will be able to:

• Plan, draft, revise, and edit your writing with ease and confidence
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• Showcase your personality and voice as a writer
• Have fun and enjoy writing! 😊

So what are you waiting for? Join our Class 12 English Writing course today and start your journey towards becoming a master of writing. 💯

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Class XII English Notes (Updated)

Class 12 updated English notes according to FBISE syllabus. Contains solved exercises, review questions, MCQs, important questions and chapter overview.

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• CBSE Class 12 Notes 2024-25
• Revision Notes

Free Download of CBSE Notes Class 12 PDF

CBSE is the base on which NCERT notes class 12 are prepared and many other exams like NEET , JEE Mains , and JEE Advanced are also conducted based on the syllabus of CBSE 12th . Revision notes for class 12 can be really helpful for all the students during board exams as students can quickly revise the whole CBSE syllabus through these notes . Also, CBSE Class 12 notes help students to identify which topics are crucial for exams and need more attention, to score good marks in the board exams.

Class 12 is an important phase for any students as they are introduced to new concepts and subjects. For Class 12 students, it is important to complete their syllabus in order to perform well in exams. Not to mention that students will also be able to crack their entrance examinations like JEE, NEET, etc. by getting a proper understanding of Class 12 subjects. To make preparation easier, Vedantu experts have come up with Revision Notes CBSE Class 12 . These revision notes have been formulated to ensure that students have a strong grasp of the concepts taught in different subjects.

By following these Class 12 notes, students can get a proper understanding of the subjects and prepare well for their exams in the best way. Download the revision notes for Class 12 CBSE and get proper help and guidance from experts.

Detailed Overview of CBSE Notes Class 12

Class 12 revision notes.

1000+ Basic Subjective Questions can be added advantage to your CBSE Notes Class 12

Vedantu offers a wide range of carefully curated 1 mark and 2 mark subjective questions for Class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Maths, and Biology exams. These questions are designed by subject experts and align with the latest syllabus and exam patterns which in turn helps to prepare for exam revisions. They cover various topics to address specific weak areas of students.

Vedantu's resources provide comprehensive answers for each question, helping students learn the correct approach and gain a deeper understanding of underlying concepts. Engaging with these questions and answers enhances problem-solving skills and expands overall knowledge.

These subjective questions (1 mark & 2 mark) by Vedantu are invaluable tools for students preparing for their Class 12 exams. They help identify weak areas, strengthen problem-solving abilities, and increase confidence in tackling these subjects.

Subjective Questions benefits For Class 12:

Relevant to the Latest Syllabus and Exam Patterns: Vedantu's basic subjective questions and Class 12 notes are designed to align with the latest syllabus and exam patterns, ensuring that students focus on the most relevant topics and formats that they are likely to encounter in their Class 12 exams.

Coverage of Topics: Class 12 notes cover a wide range of topics, allowing students to thoroughly practice and understand various concepts within the subject. This basic subjective questions coverage helps in developing a strong foundation in the subject matter.

Detailed and Easy to Understand Answers: Vedantu provides detailed solutions, making it easier for students to grasp complex concepts and learn from their mistakes. 

Identification of Weak Areas: By referring to Vedantu's subjective questions and Class 12 notes, students can identify their weak areas and specific topics that require further attention and improvement.

Improvement in Problem-Solving Skills: Regularly practicing 1 mark & 2 Mark questions along with Revision notes helps students to develop critical thinking and analytical skills.

Boosting Confidence: Subjective questions and Class 12 notes, helps to grow the confidence in the subject and it positively impacts their academic performance in exams.

If you are a student who is preparing for your Class 12 exams, I highly recommend using Vedantu's 1 mark and 2 mark subjective questions. They are a valuable resource that can help you to succeed in your exams.

Why Revise CBSE Notes Class 12?

As already explained, CBSE notes for the Class 12 syllabus acts as the base for all other competitive exams. Revision of the portion in a productive fashion can help to brush up certain basics that serve you well in the future when you attempt a complex syllabus for tougher examinations. Our class 12 CBSE revision notes make it extremely easy for you to revise the portion in a timely and easy manner.

The CBSE Notes Class 12 are made by extremely experienced teachers who can be relied upon to cover the tried and tested questions asked in every examination, as well as give you an exhaustive overview of the basic concept so that you can attempt practical applications simply by correctly using your theoretical knowledge. The teachers that prepare these notes for class 12 are qualified and experienced enough to determine what questions and topics are important and need the most revision before an examination.

Overview of Class 12 All Subject Notes

The students of Class 12 have Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Accountancy, Economics, and Business Studies, etc. as their main subjects. With the help of the revision notes, students will be able to get a proper introduction to Class 12 subjects and concepts in the chapters. Students can download Class 12 notes and practice to improve their knowledge of the concepts. These notes will help them complete the syllabus in time for exams and also help them prepare for entrance examinations.

The revision notes for Class 12 are prepared by experts who are well-versed in the subjects. These notes are well-researched and accurate. To perform the best in exams, students will require all the support to completely understand the subjects that they are studying. This is why downloading the  CBSE Notes Class 12 will be a good idea. Students can rely on these notes to boost their preparation strategy for the exams. These notes are also helpful to students when it comes to figuring out the exam pattern and answering format for the CBSE examinations.

CBSE Notes for Class 12

Based on the latest NCERT syllabus , CBSE notes for Class 12 cover subject notes of all three streams: Commerce, Science and Arts. Class 12 revision notes cover all the crucial topics under these subjects which have higher chances to come in board exams and thus require more attention and understanding.

Maths CBSE Notes Class 12

Class 12 Mathematics is more fundamental as well as logic-based paper, where only constant practice and perseverance helps you crack the exam easily. Some of the important topics covered in these revision notes include:

Matrices 

Probability 

Derivatives  

Linear Programming

Vector Algebra

These topics are very crucial for board exams, and thus require more attention of students. By brushing up on these topics, you will be able to score well in the mathematics exam.

Physics CBSE Notes Class 12

Since Physics is also more of an application based paper, the notes provide you with a detailed step by step solution to enable easy comprehension and grasping. The important topics covered in CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes include:

Current and electricity  

Magnetism and Matter

Communication systems

Chemistry CBSE Notes Class 12

Class 12 Chemistry is a very crucial and complicated subject and thus needs more attention as it forms the base of many of your concepts and principles. There are some easy and important topics in Class 12 Chemistry which you can revise to score good marks easily in Class 12 board exams. The important topics covered in the Class 12 Chemistry revision notes include:

Electrochemistry

Surface Chemistry

Biomolecules

Biology CBSE Notes Class 12

Class 12 Biology revision notes have a variety of tips that you can use for faster grasping and better memory retention of what seems like a lot of data. The important topics covered in Biology notes include-

Human reproduction

Genetics and Evolution

Reproductive health

Biotechnology and its application

Ecology and Environment

Business Studies CBSE Notes Class 12

Class 12 Business studies is a very interesting subject and cover all aspects of business in a cohesive and elaborate manner. You can easily obtain good marks in Class 12 business studies exams by revising some of the important chapter highlighted in Class 12 Business Studies revision notes . These important topics are-

Controlling

Business Finance

Principles of Management

Financial Markets

Economics CBSE Notes Class 12

Class 12 economics is a bit complex subject and require more attention. It is divided into two sections: Macroeconomics and Microeconomics, and you can easily cover both sections using CBSE Class 12 Economics Chapter wise Notes PDF Download which will help you to understand the complex terms in simple words. There are some crucial chapters in both macro and microeconomics that require your special attention for good marks.

Essential Topics of Class 12 Macroeconomics

Money and banking

Government budget and the economy

National Income accounting

Essential Topics of Class 12 Microeconomics

Production and costs

Theory of consumer behavior

Market equilibrium

Advantages of Using CBSE Class 12 Notes 2024-25

Class 12 is a critical juncture in a student's academic journey, particularly in the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) curriculum. As students prepare for their board exams, having access to high-quality study materials becomes paramount. CBSE Class 12 notes for the academic year 2024-25 offer numerous advantages to students, aiding them in their exam preparation and overall academic performance. Here are some key benefits of using CBSE Class 12 notes:

Comprehensive Coverage: CBSE Class 12 notes for the academic year 2024-25 provide comprehensive coverage of the syllabus prescribed by the board. These notes encapsulate all essential topics, concepts, and chapters, ensuring that students have access to a structured and systematic study resource.

Clarity and Conciseness: The notes are designed to present complex concepts in a clear and concise manner. They eliminate unnecessary details and focus on key points, making it easier for students to grasp and retain information. This clarity enhances comprehension and facilitates effective learning.

Structured Format: CBSE Class 12 notes are organized in a structured format, following the sequence of chapters in the textbook. This organization enables students to study methodically, progressing from one topic to another in a logical manner. It also facilitates quick navigation and reference while revising or reviewing specific concepts.

Revision Aid: These notes serve as valuable revision aids for students, especially during the exam preparation phase. By condensing the entire syllabus into concise notes, students can review key concepts and topics efficiently, saving time and effort. Regular revision using these notes helps reinforce learning and enhances retention.

Exam-Oriented Content: CBSE Class 12 notes are crafted with a focus on exam preparation and success. They are aligned with the CBSE board exam pattern and marking scheme, incorporating important questions, sample papers, and previous years' question papers. This exam-oriented approach helps students familiarize themselves with the exam format and optimize their performance.

Supplementary Resources: In addition to textual content, CBSE Class 12 notes may include supplementary resources such as diagrams, charts, and illustrations. These visual aids enhance understanding and facilitate visual learning, catering to diverse learning styles and preferences among students.

Accessibility and Portability: CBSE Class 12 notes are often available in digital formats, making them easily accessible and portable. Students can access these notes anytime, anywhere, using their smartphones, tablets, or laptops. This flexibility allows for seamless integration of study sessions into students' busy schedules.

The availability of CBSE Class 12 Notes for the academic year 2024-25 in free PDF format marks a significant boon for students preparing for their board exams. These comprehensive study materials offer a structured and accessible resource to aid students in their exam preparation journey. With clear and concise content, organized format, and exam-oriented approach, these notes empower students to enhance their understanding, consolidate their learning, and excel in their Class 12 examinations. By leveraging the benefits of these free PDF downloads, students can embark on a path towards academic success, equipped with the knowledge and confidence to tackle the challenges of their CBSE board exams effectively.

FAQs on CBSE Class 12 Notes 2024-25

1. What are the various study materials available for the students of class 12?

All the NCERT solutions and exercises of all the chapter's answers are available in the NCERT books . Other than that, you can also solve the previous years' question papers and mock tests available on Vedantu's website to enhance your performance before exams and to understand which topics and questions are important for the exams.

2. From where I can get the class 12 revision notes of CBSE online?

If you are looking for CBSE Class 12 revision notes , then Vedantu is the reliable site to download all the revision notes of Class 12 in PDF file.

These notes will help you to revise the whole syllabus of Class 12 quickly without any panic.

3. Which note is best for 12th?

Class 12 can be a tough time for students. With exams looming around the corner, they can have difficulty in managing their studies. Unless proper revision notes are made, the vast syllabus of all the subjects becomes nearly impossible to cover the day before the exam. In order to aid your preparation, you should use Vedantu's CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes . They cover all important topics in a concise manner as they have been made by expert teachers with a lot of experience.

4. Is NCERT enough for Class 12 boards?

The CBSE curriculum is designed in such a way that ensures that students from all sections of society get equal opportunities in the education sector. The NCERT books teach students relevant information that will prove useful to them in the real world. The days of rote learning are gone. As long as you understand the concepts outlined in the textbooks, NCERT should suffice for your Class 12 Board exams that are coming up soon.

5. How do I download notes from CBSE?

To download the best revision notes based on the CBSE NCERT textbooks , check out Vedantu's CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes . They are very beneficial and are trusted by lakhs of students across the country. As long as you read the chapter from your NCERT textbook a few times and go through these notes, you should end up passing with flying colours in your board exams. You will also save time as you will not have to sit and make your own notes.

6. How do you score maximum marks in any subject in class 12? 

It is important for students to know that revision is key. Without revision, we cannot recapitulate what had been taught previously. In addition to this, solving past years' question papers should also help a great deal. They familiarise you with the pattern of the paper and make you aware of the marks distribution. This enables you to manage time effectively and complete your paper properly, without any hindrance. This helps students score maximum marks in any subject in class 12 .

7. How many chapters are there in physical education class 12?

In the elective subject of Physical Education in class 12 , there are 10 units present in the CBSE NCERT textbook . Students learn about everything ranging from biomechanics to the various ways in which one can increase body strength. Some basics of physiology are also taught which helps the students understand how the human body responds to injury and muscle fatigue. To know more, you should download the Physical Education textbook from Vedantu at free of cost. You can also download the Vedantu app to access more resources for free.

8. Why are CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes important for exam preparation?

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes serve as a comprehensive study resource for exam preparation. They provide concise summaries of key concepts, formulas, and theories covered in the syllabus, helping students understand and retain the material more effectively.

9. What topics are covered in CBSE Class 12 Economics Chapter wise Notes PDF Download?

CBSE Class 12 Economics Chapter wise Notes PDF Download cover all the chapters and topics included in the Class 12 Economics syllabus prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). This includes chapters on Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, such as Consumer Behavior, Producer Behavior, National Income Accounting, Government Budget and the Economy, and more.

CBSE Class 12 Study Materials

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Class 12 English Notes: Guide & Summary 2081

Are you looking for easy to understand notes for your 12th grade English class? The SR Zone has made Class 12 English notes for the year 2081. It has summaries and notes from all the chapters in your English textbook.

Just click on the links corresponding to the chapter name, and you will see the solution and notes of that chapter. Do not forget to share these with your friends too. 

Section - I : Language Development

Section -ii : literature, one act plays.

This set of notes is meant to help you understand each chapter well and help you answer questions from the book. It has answers to exercises, explanations of grammar rules, solutions to questions from the textbook, and summaries of each chapter.

Having all these things together in one place makes studying English easier and more effective. You don't have to look everywhere to find answers or learn about the different parts of English. The notes cover everything you need from one simple guide.

Download Class 12 English Notes 2081 App ( by The SR Zone ) 

The SR Zone provides an easy to use app for Class 12 English notes. This app has all the study materials together in one place on your mobile.

To get the app, search "Class 12 English The SR Zone" on the Google Play Store. Or visit thesrzone.com website for a direct download link. Installing the app is simple and free.

Some good things about using The SR Zone's Class 12 English notes:

• It makes preparing for exams more manageable as all notes are organized well.
• You don't have to search different places for your study materials. Everything you need is in one app.
• The detailed notes help you better understand lessons and concepts.
• Having notes on your phone means you can revise anytime, anywhere.

The Class 12 English notes app from The SR Zone is a good helper for students. With full notes and solutions for all chapters, you can study well and score better in your exams. Download the app notes from Play Store or thesrzone.com website today!

About Class 12 English Guide 2081

Hey guys, check out my notes for Class 12 English! I've put together all the important info, notes, exercise solution, grammar and summary from the textbook in this one easy-to-use guide which is called "Class 12 English Guide".

This guide covers everything - all the language development units like Family, Sports, Humour etc. And all the literature sections with Stories, Poems and Essays. You'll find notes and summaries for each chapter right here.

Just click on the chapter names to see the solutions for each exercise. I've also included the option to download a PDF version of the notes at the end of each chapter. No more searching all over the place online.

Here's a quick breakdown of what's included:

• Section 1 - Language Development units with 20 chapters
• Section 2 - Literature with Stories, Poems and Essays

Don't stress about exams - all the questions and answers are here too. And if you want offline access, you can download my Class 12 English Notes 2081 app from the Play Store.

Getting these notes is simple - either download the specific chapter PDFs or grab the full app. Let me know if you have any other questions! My goal is to make this exam prepation as easy and stress-free as possible.

I've also included some tips on how to write the best answers for your English exams. Don't sweat the small errors, just focus on getting your ideas down on paper. And don't be afraid to give your creative ideas - that's what English is all about. You've got this!

Why are Class 12 English Notes important?

• Chapter summaries - These quickly explain what happens in each part of the story. They help you understand the main ideas.
• Exercise answers - You'll find the solutions for all the questions at the end of each chapter. This can help you check your work.
• Grammar lessons - There are explanations of important grammar topics you need to know.
• Textbook solutions - The notes go through your textbook and solve all the problems step-by-step.

How to get Notes of Class 12 English Book ?

Where can i find pdf of class 12 english notes, benefits of class 12 english textbook solution, how to get good marks in class 12 english exam.

English is a tough subject for many students. The main problem I see with students is they don't like thinking hard or writing their own answers. They just want to copy things, so who will help develop their creativity?

The best tip I can give is don't stress too much about grammar mistakes. Focus on answering questions right instead of writing perfectly. Bad spelling and lack of creativity holds students back in English, along with grammar errors.

Don't let feeling uncomfortable stop you from expressing yourself and your thoughts freely. Keep writing down what you learned. Then, you can work on improving your language and grammar skills. First learn to write, then make it easy to understand. Writing well actually takes practice.

Frequently Asked Questions about Class 12 English Notes:

Question 1: Do The SR Zone's Class 12 English notes work for NEB?

Answer 1: Yes, the notes cover the main topics for National Education Examination (NEB) board. They are designed to match what is usually taught in Class 12 English textbooks designed by curriculum developement centre.

Question 2: Do the notes have explanations for all chapters?

Answer 2: Yes, The SR Zone provides full notes and solutions for every chapter in the Class 12 English textbook. You get summaries, exercise answers and extra details to cover the whole syllabus.

Question 3: Can I use the notes without internet?

Answer 3: Yes, once you download the Class 12 English notes PDF from The SR Zone website, you can view it offline on your device. You can also use our Class 12 English Notes 2081 by The SR Zone app to access notes when offline after downloading.

Question 4: Are the notes helpful for exams?

Answer 4: Definitely! The detailed notes from The SR Zone help students understand concepts better, revise efficiently and do well in exams with chapter summaries, explanations and exercise solutions.

Question 5: Can I only use these notes to prepare?

Answer 5: The SR Zone notes are a good study resource to get above 90% in English subject. Using only them can give you a complete understanding. It's better to also refer to look at past year questions and their pattern, your official textbook, other reference books and do extra practice questions.

Question 6: Are the notes updated for the latest syllabus?

Answer 6: The notes follow the general syllabus of 2081BS updated on 2024. You can also check official syllabus to confirm everything lines up perfectly. Efforts are made regularly to keep the content updated.

Question 7: How can I ask questions about the notes?

Answer 7: If you have any queries or need clarification, contact The SR Zone using our website contact form or social media channels. We are ready to help students understand better.

Question 8: Do I have to pay for the Class 12 English notes?

Answer 8: No, the notes and basic study materials are free to download from The SR Zone in PDF format or using their app. While some premium services may cost money, the basic notes are available without charges.

Also Read: 

• Class 12 English Grammar Solution
• Class 12 Nepali Guide  
• Class 12 English Guide APK Download 
• Class 12 English Model Question Paper
• Class 11 English Guide

Thank you for reading this post!

This PDF has been downloaded from www.thesrzone.com ! Subscribe The SR Zone on YouTube for NEB Notes and Summaries! Visit thesrzone.com for more PDFs !

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Download The SR Zone App from Play Store ! - Notes of Class 12, 11 and 10 - All Summary and Exercise Solution - Offline App, works without internet

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Class 12 Compulsory English Notes

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Cbse board class 12 results 2024: rules for mark verification and answer sheet revaluation explained.

CBSE board class 12 results 2024: Students desiring to challenge their assigned marks can participate in a re-evaluation procedure for their responses. However, only those who have obtained photocopies of their evaluated answer booklets are eligible.

CBSE Class 12 verification of marks and revaluation last date

• Verification of Marks: Available from the 4th to the 8th day after the result declaration, lasting for 5 days.
• Obtaining Photocopy of Evaluated Answer Book(s): Accessible from the 19th to the 20th day after the result declaration, open for 2 days.
• Re-evaluation of Answer(s): Open from the 24th to the 25th day after the result declaration, accessible for 2 days.

CBSE Class 12 verification of marks and revaluation - key points

• In the online process, only one application per step is permissible for each candidate.
• Decisions regarding whether to apply for a single subject or multiple subjects must be made in advance.
• Verification of marks - Processing charges Rs 500 per subject
• Only those who have applied for verification of markets will be allowed to apply for photocopy of answer sheet.
• Processing charges for obtaining photocopy of answer sheet - Rs 700 per subject
• If the candidate wants to challenge the marks awarded to any answer, then the candidate has to apply for re-evaluation of answers online.
• Only those candidates who have applied for obtaining a photocopy of the evaluated answer book shall be eligible to apply for re- evaluation or challenge the marks awarded
• Request for re-evaluation/challenges shall be accepted only for the theory portion Rs 100 per question

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12th (Inter-II) English Essays in PDF according to ALP 2021

12th English Notes R.M Waqas Lati 12.5K 11th Mar, 2021

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Download Class 12th (Inter Part-2) all English Essays in PDF according to Accelerated Learning Program (ALP) 2021. This PDF contains following essays: 1) My Hobby 2) Pollution 3) Why I Love Pakistan 4) Cell Phone 5) Visit to a Historical Place 6) Computer 7) A Cricket Match 8) Technical Education 9) Corruption 10) My Favourite Personality 11) Life in a Big City

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• CBSE Class 12

CBSE Board Class 12th

After the Class 10 board exam, the Class 12th board exam is the next milestone in the journey of education. Compared to the Class 10 board exams, the degree of complexity for Class 12 is higher. CBSE Class 12 results decide the career of the students and what they want to pursue in the future. Scoring a good percentile in the Class 12 Board exam will boost students’ confidence.

Note : As per the latest notification dated 6th April 2023 , there are a few changes in the CBSE Class 12 Examination and Assessment practices for the academic session 2023-24 to align assessment to Competency Focused Education. The changes are as mentioned below,

CBSE Class 12 Study Material for Board Exam

CBSE Class 12 Exams are near to its conduct. Students must have completed their term 1 syllabus and started with the revision. Here, we have provided the CBSE Study Plan for the Term 1 Exam to help students with CBSE Term 1 Board Exams preparation. They will find the study resource extremely beneficial as it contains everything from practice multiple choice questions, study notes, day-wise planners, and mock tests. Referring to this meticulously curated revision planner will boost students’ exam preparation. We have created a day-wise study plan for each subject. Students can easily access it by clicking on the link below. They can also download the study material in pdf for each subject.

• CBSE Class 12 Study Plan for Physics
• CBSE Class 12 Study Plan for Chemistry
• CBSE Class 12 Study Plan for Biology
• CBSE Class 12 Study Plan for Maths

CBSE Class 12 Study Plan for Physics Exam

Cbse class 12 study plan for chemistry exam, cbse class 12 study plan for biology exam, cbse class 12 study plan for maths exam, cbse class 12 subjects.

In CBSE Class 12, five subjects are compulsory. The subjects mentioned below are for the students who opted Science and Commerce stream. 

• Accountancy
• Business Studies

CBSE Syllabus for Class 12

CBSE Class 12 syllabus is not only important for students to pass the Board exam, but it is also necessary for competitive exams. The Class 12 syllabus is prepared by the CBSE board, so it is important for students to study according to the syllabus mentioned below.

• CBSE class 12 Syllabus All Subjects
• CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
• CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus
• CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus
• CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus
• CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus

CBSE Study Materials for Class 12

CBSE study materials for Class 12 are being designed in such a way that it gives the complete idea of the CBSE Class 12 syllabus. The study materials mentioned below will help students to prepare for all the subjects equivalently. Notes

• CBSE class 12 Notes All Subjects
• CBSE Class 12 Physics Detailed Notes
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Detailed Notes
• CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Detailed Notes
• CBSE Class 12 Maths Detailed Notes

Revision Notes

• CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes
• CBSE Class 12 Physics Revision Notes
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Revision Notes
• CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Revision Notes
• CBSE Class 12 Maths Revision Notes
• CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Revision Notes
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Revision Notes

NCERT Notes

• NCERT Notes for Class 12 Chemistry
• NCERT Notes for Class 12 Mathematics
• NCERT Notes for Class 12 Biology
• NCERT Notes for Class 12 Physics

CBSE Class 12 Books

CBSE Class 12 books are very helpful in understanding all the complex topics as every topic is explained in a very easy language along with examples and diagrams. The chapters in the books have illustrative examples and practice problems for getting a hold of any kind of concept.

• CBSE Class 12 Physics Book
• CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Book
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Book
• CBSE Class 12 Maths Book

CBSE Class 12 Textbooks Solutions

CBSE Class 12 textbook solutions act as a vital tool for students in their exam preparation and home assignments. These solutions provide answers to all the problems, in-depth with concepts covered in the syllabus.

• NCERT Solutions for class 12
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Accountancy
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Economics
• TS Grewal Class 12 Accountancy Solutions
• HC Verma Class 12 Physics Solutions
• RD Sharma Class 12 Solutions

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12

CBSE sample papers for Class 12 are very useful for students preparing for the Board examination. Sample question papers help students to get a better understanding of the concepts by practising them on a regular basis. It also boosts students’ confidence.

• CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper for Physics
• CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper for Chemistry
• CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper for Biology
• CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper for Maths

Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 12

Class 12 CBSE previous year question papers available on BYJU’S website are prepared as per the latest CBSE Class 12 syllabus and marking scheme. By solving these previous years’ question papers, students will get to know the exact idea about the final question paper.

• CBSE Previous Year Question Papers for Class 12 Maths
• CBSE Previous Year Question Papers for Class 12 Physics
• CBSE Previous Year Question Papers for Class 12 Chemistry
• CBSE Previous Year Question Papers for Class 12 Biology

CBSE Class 12 Marks-Wise Important Questions

The marks-wise important questions for Class 12 Science given here are from varied CBSE Class 12 chapters and might be included in the exam. There is a high chance that similar questions might be included in the exam.

• Important 2 Marks Questions for CBSE 12th Maths
• Important 4 Marks Questions for CBSE 12th Maths
• Important 6 Marks Questions for CBSE 12th Math
• Important 2 marks Question Physics Class 12th
• Important 3 marks Question Physics Class 12th
• Important 5 marks Question Physics Class 12th
• Important 2 Marks Questions for CBSE 12th Chemistry
• Important 3 Marks Questions for CBSE 12th Chemistry
• Important 5 Marks Questions for CBSE 12th Chemistry
• Important 2 Marks Questions For CBSE Class 12 Biology Exam
• Important 3 Marks Questions For CBSE Class 12 Biology Exam
• Important 5 Marks Questions For CBSE Class 12 Biology Exam

CBSE Class 12 Chapter-Wise Important Questions

CBSE Class 12 chapter-wise important questions help students by providing a strategy to prepare for board examinations. All the questions present in these materials are framed under the guidance of the NCERT textbook from every chapter.

• Chapter wise important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Maths
• Chapter wise important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Physics
• Chapter wise important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry
• Chapter wise important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Biology

CBSE Class 12 Videos

CBSE Class 12 videos make learning more easier and simpler. Learning through videos makes the concept flow into your mind and gets established there in a way that it becomes impossible for the student to forget it.

How to Study in CBSE Class 12 (Preparation Tips )

• Students should have a clear understanding of the topics and concepts included in the syllabus.
• Class 12 students should strictly follow the NCERT textbook syllabus to prepare for their Class 12 board exams.
• Students should pay attention to key features like diagrams, graphs, and numerical problems to score good marks in the final exam.
• Students should solve previous years’ question papers and sample papers on a regular basis. It will also boost the student’s confidence.
• Once a chapter is completed, it is better to revise that chapter first before moving on to the next chapter.

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Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget

Analysis of the 2024 social security trustees’ report.

The Social Security and Medicare Trustees released their annual reports today on the financial status of the Social Security and Medicare programs over the next 75 years. The latest Social Security projections show that the program is quickly approaching insolvency and highlight the need for trust fund solutions sooner rather than later to prevent across-the-board benefit cuts or abrupt changes to tax or benefit levels. The Social Security Trustees project:

• Social Security is approaching insolvency. Under current law, Social Security cannot guarantee full benefits to current retirees. The Trustees project the Social Security Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) trust fund will deplete its reserves by 2033, when today’s 58-year-olds reach the full retirement age and today’s youngest retirees turn 71. Upon insolvency, all beneficiaries will face a 21 percent across-the-board benefit cut. Including the Disability Insurance (SSDI) trust fund, the theoretically combined trust funds will be insolvent by 2035 and beneficiaries would face a 17 percent cut.
• Social Security faces large and rising imbalances. According to the Trustees, Social Security will run cash deficits of $3 trillion over the next decade, the equivalent of 2.3 percent of taxable payroll or 0.8 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Annual deficits will grow to 3.4 percent of payroll (1.2 percent of GDP) by 2050 and 4.6 percent of payroll (1.6 percent of GDP) by 2098. Social Security’s 75-year actuarial imbalance totals 3.5 percent of payroll, which is over 1.2 percent of GDP or nearly $24 trillion in present value terms.
• Social Security’s finances have improved from last year but remain perilous. Social Security’s 75-year solvency gap was reduced from 3.61 to 3.50 percent of payroll as a result of stronger-than-expected economic performance and fewer expected disability applicants, partially offset by lower expected birth rates in future years.
• Time is running out to save Social Security. Policymakers have only a few years left to restore solvency to the program, and the longer they wait, the larger and more costly the necessary adjustments will be. Acting sooner allows more policy options to be considered, allows for more gradual phase in, and gives employees and employers time to plan.

With insolvency rapidly approaching, failing to address Social Security’s imbalances is an implicit endorsement of a 21 percent benefit cut imposed on all beneficiaries regardless of age, income, or need. Policymakers should implement pro-growth trust fund solutions sooner rather than later to ensure long-term solvency and give beneficiaries time to plan and adjust.

Social Security is Approaching Insolvency

Social Security’s retirement program is only nine years from insolvency, and action must be taken soon to prevent an across-the-board benefit cut for many current and future beneficiaries.

The Trustees project the Social Security Old-Age and Survivors’ Insurance (OASI) trust fund will deplete its reserves by 2033; the SSDI trust fund is in much stronger shape and will remain solvent over the next 75 years. On a theoretically combined basis – assuming revenue is reallocated between the trust funds – Social Security will become insolvent by 2035.

Upon insolvency of the OASI fund, all retirees – regardless of age, income, or need – will face a 21 percent across-the-board benefit cut, which will grow to 31 percent by the end of the 75-year projection window. We previously estimated that a typical couple retiring in the year of insolvency would face a $17,400 cut in their annual benefits. On a combined basis, insolvency would lead to a 17 percent initial cut, growing to 27 percent by the end of the window.

The year 2033 is only nine years away. That means the OASI trust fund is on course to run out of reserves when today’s 58-year-olds reach the normal retirement age and when today’s youngest retirees turn 71. Meanwhile, the Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) trust fund will exhaust its reserves in 2036, when today’s 53-year-olds become eligible.

The Trustees’ findings are similar to recent estimates from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), which estimated the OASI trust fund would be exhausted by Fiscal Year (FY) 2033, the HI trust fund by FY 2035, and the theoretically combined Social Security trust funds by FY 2034.

Social Security Faces a Large and Growing Shortfall

The Trustees project that Social Security will run chronic deficits. They estimate the combined program will run a cash-flow deficit of $169 billion this year – which is 1.7 percent of taxable payroll or 0.6 percent of GDP. Social Security will run $3.0 trillion of deficits over the next decade.

Over the long term, the Trustees project Social Security’s cash shortfall (assuming full benefits are paid) will grow to 2.6 percent of taxable payroll (0.9 percent of GDP) by 2035, to 3.4 percent of payroll (1.2 percent of GDP) by 2050, and to a high of 5.1 percent of payroll (1.7 percent of GDP) by 2079. Costs will then decline to 4.6 percent of payroll (1.6 percent of GDP) by 2098.

Social Security’s growing long-term shortfall is the result of rising costs, mostly due to the aging of the population. Total Social Security costs have already risen from 11.0 percent of taxable payroll in 2003 to 14.5 percent of payroll in 2023 and are projected to rise further to 16.8 percent by 2050 and 18.1 percent of payroll by 2098. Revenue will fail to keep up with growing costs, rising only modestly from 13.0 percent of payroll today to 13.5 percent by 2098.

On a 75-years basis, the Social Security trust funds face an actuarial shortfall of 3.5 percent of taxable payroll, which is 1.2 percent of GDP or $23.8 trillion in present-value terms. A plan to restore sustainable solvency over the next 75 years would require the equivalent of increasing payroll taxes immediately by 27 percent or reducing spending by 21 percent for all current and future beneficiaries, or some combination. Actual reforms could be better targeted, rather than across the board, and phased in gradually.

Social Security’s Finances Have Improved Modestly But Time Has Run Short

Social Security’s long-term outlook has improved relative to last year’s projection, mainly on the disability side, but its financial challenges remain large. The 2023 Social Security Trustees’ Report estimated a 75-year actuarial imbalance of 3.61 percent of taxable payroll, which has declined to 3.50 percent in this year’s report. The insolvency date for the theoretically combined trust funds has been pushed back one year from 2034 to 2035 but is still only 11 years away. 

The most significant improvements from last year’s report are driven by changes in economic and disability assumptions. On the economic side, stronger near-term output, updated educational attainment, and greater covered employment led to a 0.13 percent of payroll improvement. Meanwhile, a significant reduction in expected disability applications – driven by recent experience – led to an additional 0.12 percent of payroll improvement.

Methodological and programmatic data changes improved the 75-year outlook by 0.08 percentage points of payroll mostly due to updates to the sample of newly eligible retired worker and disabled-worker beneficiaries used to project average benefit levels as well as updated post-entitlement benefit adjustment factors.

Partially offsetting these improvements, new demographic assumptions increased Social Security’s 75-year shortfall by 0.16 percentage points of payroll. Most significantly, the Trustees now expect lower fertility – at 1.9 children per woman instead of 2.0 percent. They also incorporated lower-than-projected actual fertility in 2023, higher mortality rates, and other updates to population, immigration, and marriage assumptions.

Legislative and regulatory changes had a negligible effect on Social Security’s 75-year shortfall. Since the 2023 report, there have been ongoing judicial developments related to immigration policy, including a ruling on the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program that deferred full implementation of the program. While the 2023 report assumed the DACA program would be fully implemented by mid-2023, the Trustees now assume the program will not be fully implemented until mid-2024.

The remaining changes to the outlook come from the new projection window. Including the year 2098 in the Trustees’ 75-year solvency projections worsened Social Security’s 75-year actuarial imbalance by 0.06 percentage points of payroll.

Although the 75-year imbalance shrunk this year, it has generally been growing over the past 15 years. This year’s 3.50 percent of payroll imbalance is more than 80 percent larger than the 1.92 percent of payroll imbalance estimated in 2010.

Importantly, while Social Security’s finances have generally worsened overall, Social Security Disability Insurance’s finances have continued to improve. As recently as 2015, the SSDI program faced a 0.31 percent of payroll (17 percent of revenue) shortfall and was only one year from insolvency. A temporary reallocation of payroll taxes from the old-age program reduced that shortfall to 0.26 percent of payroll the next year.

Since that time, a combination of administrative reforms, strong labor markets, and other factors has eliminated that shortfall, turning it into a 0.14 percent of payroll surplus. Despite this improvement, policymakers should continue to support improvements to the disability program, which can improve fairness and administration of benefits while supporting individuals with disabilities who want to remain in or return to the workforce. Such reforms can also help grow the economy and improve the Social Security program’s combined finances.

Delaying Fixes to Social Security is Costly

The Trustees recommend that “lawmakers address the projected trust fund shortfalls in a timely way in order to phase in necessary changes gradually and give workers and beneficiaries time to adjust to them.” Quick action would also give policymakers choices in making targeted adjustments, enhancing benefits for vulnerable populations, and achieving pro-growth reforms.

According to the Trustees, lawmakers could restore 75-year solvency with the equivalent of a 27 percent (3.3 percentage point) payroll tax increase, a 21 percent reduction in all benefits, or a 25 percent reduction in benefits for new beneficiaries if they act today.

Delaying action until 2035 would increase the size of necessary adjustments by about one-fifth. In that year, taxes would need to be raised by 32 percent (4.0 percentage points) or benefits cut for all beneficiaries by 25 percent. It would be impossible to restore solvency from new beneficiaries alone – even eliminating all benefits would be insufficient.

Thoughtful trust fund solutions would not only prevent deep across-the-board benefit cuts, but could also support economic growth , reduce inflationary pressures, and improve the nation’s fiscal outlook . We have published ten options to improve Social Security solvency   – including a number of benefit and revenue changes. Other proposals can be designed with our Social Security Reformer tool . The closer we get to insolvency, the fewer of these options remain available.

The Social Security Trustees continue to warn that the Social Security retirement program is significantly out of balance and just nine years from insolvency. Absent reforms, Social Security will be unable to pay full benefits to many current beneficiaries, let alone today’s workers and future generations.  Taking no action to fix Social Security will be an implicit endorsement of a 21 percent across-the-board cut to all beneficiaries, regardless of age or need.

As policymakers delay necessary action, the program’s finances continue to deteriorate. The longer policymakers wait, the larger and more abrupt any adjustments will need to be. All options should be on the table including changes to revenue, spending and the retirement age.

Fortunately, many well-known options to fix Social Security’s finances exist and could be enacted and implemented with political will and bipartisanship. A number of comprehensive plans already exist to restore solvency, and our Social Security Reformer Tool allows anyone to design their own. Policymakers should also consider pursuing new, innovative solutions to promote economic growth and improve retirement security in concert with addressing the program’s finances.

Policymakers cannot wait much longer to enact thoughtful Social Security reforms.

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"Extreme" G5 geomagnetic storm reaches Earth, NOAA says, following "unusual" solar event

By Li Cohen

Updated on: May 11, 2024 / 8:32 PM EDT / CBS News

An "extreme" G5 geomagnetic storm reached Earth on Friday, NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center said , after issuing a watch earlier in the day warning of the potential for a severe impact. 

The watch followed days of solar activity that sent several explosions of plasma and magnetic fields toward Earth. 

G5 is the strongest level of geomagnetic storm , on a scale from G1 to G5. 

"Widespread voltage control problems and protective system problems can occur," NOAA warns. "Some grid systems may experience complete collapse or blackouts. Transformers may experience damage." 

Radio transmissions and satellite navigation may also be disrupted.

The last G5 geomagnetic storm, in October 2003, caused power outages in Sweden and damaged transformers in South Africa.

A geomagnetic storm also means aurora borealis , otherwise known as the northern lights , could be seen as far south as Alabama and in Northern California. 

Earlier, NOAA had issued its first watch for a potential G4-level geomagnetic storm in almost 20 years. "If geomagnetic storms were hurricanes, 'severe' would be category 4," SpaceWeather.com says. 

In a press release on Thursday, NOAA said the most recent series of solar events started on May 8, when a large cluster of sunspots produced "several moderate to strong solar flares." Solar flares are bursts of radiation known to be the solar system's largest explosive events, according to NASA. The area where the flares are occurring is 16 times the diameter of Earth, the NOAA said, and more solar activity is expected. 

That sunspot is so big you may be able to see it with your own eyes  — with your solar eclipse glasses. The spot is known as AR3664 , and it was responsible for most of the geomagnetic activity Friday, the NOAA reported. According to Space.com, it measures about 124,000 miles across and is one of the "largest and most active sunspots seen this solar cycle." 

The NOAA reported that a strong solar flare was observed peaking from AR3664 at 9:23 p.m. Eastern Time Friday. 

"Flares of this magnitude are not frequent," the prediction center said . 

Still have your solar eclipse glasses? There's currently a sunspot so large you will be able to "spot" it while wearing them 15x wider than the earth! pic.twitter.com/XpQJEd4Qk0 — Eric Fisher (@ericfisher) May 9, 2024

There has also been a series of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which are explosions of plasma  and magnetic fields that come out of the sun's corona, the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere. At least five CMEs appear directed toward Earth and could arrive as early as midday on Friday and persist through Sunday, the agency said. 

"This is an unusual event," NOAA said.

In a call with reporters on Friday, Shawn Dahl, service coordinator at the Space Weather Prediction Center, said that some CMEs "are catching up with other ones." He said officials are expecting a "big shock arrival" when they hit Earth. Dahl said at the time that while officials weren't predicting a G5 storm — the strongest of geomagnetic storms — they couldn't discount a "low-end G5 event."

"We're really buckling down here," Brent Gordon, chief of the space weather services branch, also said on the call.

G4 conditions were detected by Friday afternoon, marking a "major disturbance in Earth's magnetic field," NOAA said, adding that "the public should stay properly informed of storm progression."  

In a forecast discussion at 12:30 p.m. on Friday, NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center said that solar activity is expected to continue at "high to very high levels" through the weekend, with additional solar flares expected, including X-class flares , the most powerful class of solar flares.

As of Friday afternoon, NOAA said it had observed a moderate solar radiation storm that could expose people in high-flying aircraft to "elevated radiation risk" and cause infrequent issues with satellite operations. 

Radio blackouts have also been detected with an R3 designation, meaning that the blackouts were "strong" on a scale from R1 (minor) to R5 (extreme). At this level, wide blackouts of HF radio communication is expected, as well as loss of radio contact, for about an hour on the sunlit side of Earth, as low-frequency navigation signals decline for roughly an hour. 

"Geomagnetic storms can impact infrastructure in near-Earth orbit and on Earth's surface, potentially disrupting communications, the electric power grid, navigation, radio and satellite operations," NOAA said. "[The Space Weather Prediction Center] has notified the operators of these systems so they can take protective action."

Dahl agreed Friday that the event is "pretty extraordinary" and said that it could impact infrastructure, including high-voltage transmission lines of the power grid. Dahl said that infrastructure operators have been notified to adequately prepare. 

This is the first time a storm watch has been issued for a G4 since January 2005. There is an average of 100 severe geomagnetic storms every solar cycle, but so far, there have only been three observed in the most recent cycle that began in December 2019. The most recent occurred on March 23. 

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Li Cohen is a social media producer and trending content writer for CBS News.

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