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You are here: Home > Services > Surgery services > Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery (CCGS)

Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery (CCGS)

Our Trust has been commissioned by NHS England to provide lower masculinising gender affirmation surgery. The Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery is passionate about helping patients alleviate their gender dysphoria. We work with service specialists and the transgender community to deliver a high quality, patient centred service, supporting patients through their surgical journey. 

The Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery service is based at the St Stephen Centre at our Chelsea site.

Get in touch

For more information, please visit the  Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery  microsite. You can also contact us on the below email address. E:   [email protected]

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Gender affirmation surgery  helps people change their bodies with plastic surgery to match their true identity. Centre for Surgery is considered one of the leading gender surgery clinics in the UK, specialising in gender-affirming surgery. Our specialist plastic surgeons have years of experience in gender surgery and MTF & FTM Top surgery to help you achieve optimal results.

RELATED:  Evolution of Transgender Healthcare in the UK

How  Gender Affirmation Surgery  Works

Gender affirmation surgery is an umbrella term that encompasses a broad range of procedures designed to help individuals transition from their assigned sex at birth to the gender with which they identify. At Centre for Surgery, we offer various procedures, ensuring our patients receive comprehensive, personalised, and compassionate care.

Top surgery, which can involve either breast augmentation or mastectomy, is a critical step for many in their transition journey. For trans women, breast augmentation adds volume and shape, facilitating a more feminine appearance. Conversely, for trans men, mastectomy involves the removal of breast tissue, thereby masculinising the chest area. These procedures are designed with the utmost care to ensure patients feel comfortable in their bodies and achieve a result that reflects their gender identity.

Body contouring surgery is another procedure we offer, focusing on creating a physique that aligns with one’s gender identity. This could involve liposuction , fat grafting, or body implants, and these procedures vary widely based on the individual’s needs. For instance, trans women might undergo liposuction or fat grafting to redistribute body fat to more traditionally feminine areas such as the hips and buttocks. On the other hand, trans men might seek procedures that add more definition to the waist or create a more V-shaped torso.

The benefits of these procedures extend far beyond physical transformation. Research shows a direct correlation between gender affirmation surgery and positive impacts on mental health. Individuals who have undergone these procedures often report a decrease in feelings of gender dysphoria, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. In fact, many patients also experience an improvement in self-esteem, social functioning, and overall quality of life.

Despite these clear benefits, the decision to undergo gender affirmation surgery is a significant one and should not be taken lightly. Our dedicated team of experts at Centre for Surgery is committed to providing each patient with the support, guidance, and care they need throughout their transition. Our main goal is not just to offer surgical solutions but to ensure each patient feels affirmed, respected, and understood on their unique journey.

Gender affirmation surgery can be life-changing in the most profound way, marking a critical milestone in one’s journey towards self-acceptance and authenticity. At Centre for Surgery, we take great pride in helping our patients take this vital step, promoting a future of health, happiness, and congruence between one’s body and identity.

What is Top surgery?

Top surgery is a term used to refer to a variety of surgical procedures that can be performed on the chest area, typically for transgender and non-binary individuals. The most common type of top surgery is a bilateral mastectomy , which is the surgical removal of both breasts. This procedure is also known as “top surgery” and is performed to remove breast tissue and create a more masculine-appearing chest.

Other types of top surgeries include keyhole top surgery , peri-areolar incision, and double incision. The type of surgery that is appropriate for an individual will depend on their individual goals, anatomy, and physical characteristics.

RELATED:  FTM Top Surgery FAQs

It’s important to note that top surgery is a significant decision and should be made after careful consideration, research and discussions with a qualified and experienced surgeon, as well as with your mental healthcare provider. It is also important to be aware that top surgery is not reversible, and it’s important to have realistic expectations about the results.

Additionally, top surgery is not always covered by insurance, and patients may need to pay for the surgery out of pocket. Each insurance company has its own policies regarding coverage for gender-affirming surgery, and it’s important to check with your insurance provider to find out what your options are.

MTF TOP Surgery and FTM TOP Surgery

There are two main types of top surgery. MTF/N Top surgery and FTM/N Top surgery . MTF top surgery involves placing breast implants beneath the pectoralis muscle to feminise the chest and breasts. Female to male (FTM) Top surgery involves surgically removing glandular tissue and skin to masculinise the chest. Top surgery is most commonly performed after a program of hormone therapy. Other surgical procedures can then be performed to improve body contour.

Benefits of gender affirmation surgery

Gender affirmation Surgery, also known as gender confirmation surgery, can bring several benefits for patients, including:

• Effective treatment of gender dysphoria
• Improvement in the mental state with a reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms
• A boost in self-confidence with improved emotional well-being.

RELATED: Transgender Surgery FAQs – What to Consider Before Getting Top Surgery

Am I suitable for gender affirming surgery?

People who would like to undergo surgery to enhance their gender identity may be suitable candidates for gender confirmation surgery. All types of gender surgery are surgically invasive procedures which require a period of recovery. Your surgeon will assess you thoroughly to ensure you are in the best possible state of health before having surgery. There are several criteria which your surgeon will take into account when determining your suitability for gender affirmation surgery:

• Mentally and physically healthy with no chronic medical conditions
• Are over the age of 18 and have the capacity to consent to surgery
• Do not have a serious allergy to the prosthetic materials used in gender surgery
• Are non-smokers or are willing to stop smoking at least six weeks before surgery
• Have undertaken a 10 to 12-month course of hormone therapy prior to surgery.
• Have a confirmed diagnosis of gender dysphoria or are suffering from gender identity disorder.
• Have a healthy body mass index (BMI) below 30 to minimise the risk of complications during and after surgery.
• Have undergone a detailed psychological assessment.

You will receive detailed preoperative information on how to prepare for gender surgery and top surgery. You should stop any medicines containing aspirin as this can increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. You may also be asked to stop other medications, including herbal supplements, before the procedure.

How to Prepare for Gender Affirmation Surgery

Preparing for gender affirmation surgery is a complex process, requiring a holistic approach to ensure optimal physical and mental health before, during, and after the procedure. At the Centre for Surgery, our dedicated team will guide you through this process, providing expert advice and support every step of the way.

Physical Preparation

Optimising your physical health prior to surgery is crucial. Adopting a balanced, nutritious diet and engaging in regular exercise can significantly improve your body’s healing capabilities. Refraining from smoking at least one month before surgery is paramount as nicotine can hinder blood flow, delaying recovery. Limiting alcohol and caffeine consumption can also promote better healing. Certain medications, particularly those affecting clotting, might need to be discontinued before the procedure. We will provide a comprehensive list of these and will review your current medications during our consultations.

Mental Preparation

Preparing emotionally for gender affirmation surgery is equally essential. It’s entirely normal to experience anxiety or stress leading up to your surgery. Booking appointments with your therapist or mental health professional, or simply discussing your feelings with supportive friends or family, can help manage these emotions. Don’t hesitate to reach out to your surgical team with any questions or concerns you might have. We’re here to provide reassurance and guidance to ease any worries you may have about the procedure.

Work Considerations

Recovery times for gender affirmation surgeries can vary, and it’s important to plan accordingly. Depending on the nature of your job, you may need to take an extended leave. Desk-based jobs can often be resumed about one week post-surgery, but physically demanding roles might require a longer recovery period.

Setting up Your Recovery Space

Planning your post-operative environment is crucial for a comfortable recovery. Prescriptions for any required medication should be filled in advance, ensuring you have what you need immediately after surgery. Positioning essential items like toiletries, medications, and frequently used items at a lower level can help reduce the need for straining movements during recovery. Also, consider pre-preparing meals or arranging help for the first few days post-surgery when movement may be more difficult.

Preparing for gender affirmation surgery can feel overwhelming, but remember, you’re not alone in this journey. At Centre for Surgery, our experienced team is with you every step of the way, ensuring that your transition process is as smooth and stress-free as possible. Your comfort, health, and well-being are our top priorities.

What does Gender Affirmation Surgery involve?

Gender affirmation surgery encompasses several different types of surgical procedures. Top surgery involves changing the appearance of the chest with breast implants as part of an MTF procedure or with surgical excision as part of FTM surgery. Your surgeon will discuss the precise surgical steps during your consultation. Gender surgery is routinely performed under general anaesthesia, which means you will be asleep throughout the procedure. You will need to be in a good state of health before undergoing general anaesthesia. You will have a pre-operative medical assessment with a member of our nursing team to assess your blood pressure and rule out other serious medical conditions. Top surgery takes 2 to 3 hours to perform, depending on the extent of surgical correction required. Once the procedure is complete, you will recover in our dedicated recovery area until you are fit for discharge later the same day. You will need a responsible adult escort to take you home and look after you for the first few days after surgery.

Recovery after Gender Affirmation Surgery

Recovery after top surgery involves taking it easy for the first few days to allow your upper body to heal properly. You should avoid excessive movement of your arms and shoulders to minimise stress on the incision lines. You will need someone to drive you home after surgery, and it is sensible to prepare a dedicated area of your home for rest and recovery. It is normal to experience mild discomfort during the first two weeks after surgery. You should take the prescription painkillers as directed by your surgeon.

• Recovery after MTF Top Surgery – What to Expect
• Recovery after FTM Top Surgery – Top Tips after Breast Removal Surgery

Most types of gender affirmation surgery are surgically invasive procedures which can take several hours to perform. This is why we would recommend taking at least two weeks off work for early recovery. The first few days after surgery will involve feeling sore, and it is important to keep mobile around the home to minimise the risk of blood clots. You should take the antibiotic and painkiller medication as directed by the surgeon. You may also be given a compression garment to wear continuously after surgery. They should be worn for at least six weeks. You should avoid getting your dressings wet to minimise the risk of infection. Sudden movements should be avoided to minimise wound breakdown. Lifting heavy objects should be avoided for a minimum of two months.

Exercise, including going to the gym, should be avoided for at least eight weeks. Always listen to your body and try to avoid doing too much too soon. If you have a sedentary occupation, you may return to work after two weeks if this is desk-based. More demanding physical occupations should lead you to take at least four weeks off work.

Results of gender surgery take time to develop as there will be considerable bruising and swelling after surgery. Ice packs can be used for the first three days to control localised bruising and swelling. Once the swelling begins to disappear after approximately three weeks, you should begin to see the initial results of surgery. It can take three to six months for all swelling to disappear, and you will be able to appreciate the surgery results by this time.

How much does gender surgery cost in London?

The cost of gender affirmation surgery in London will be determined by the type and extent of surgery undertaken. Once you have an in-person consultation, you will be seen by your dedicated patient coordinator, who will give you a detailed quotation which includes the total costs of surgery.

RELATED: How Much Does MTF & FTM Top Surgery Cost In London?

Top surgery costs include surgical fees, anaesthetic fees, and facility fees. Preoperative and post-operative care are included in the total cost of Surgery. Call us today to get an approximate price estimate on 020 7993 4849 and speak to one of our friendly and knowledgeable patient coordinators.

Gender Affirmation Surgery FAQS

What is gender dysphoria?

Gender dysphoria is a condition in which an individual experiences significant distress or discomfort as a result of the sex and/or gender they were assigned at birth. This discomfort with one’s own body can manifest in a variety of ways and may include a desire to be treated as the opposite gender, a desire to be rid of one’s primary or secondary sex characteristics, or a general sense of unease or dissatisfaction with their sex or gender.

Individuals with gender dysphoria may feel that they are trapped in a body that does not match their gender identity and may experience a range of negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and/or shame. They may also experience social isolation, discrimination, and a lack of acceptance from others.

Treatment for gender dysphoria can include counselling and therapy, hormone therapy, and/or surgery. It’s important to note that not all individuals with gender dysphoria choose to undergo medical intervention and some may find relief through other means, such as social transition or support groups.

How is gender affirmation surgery different from sex reassignment surgery (SRS)?

Language and terminology around transgender healthcare have evolved significantly over the years. Today, many people prefer the term “gender affirmation surgery” over “sex reassignment surgery” (SRS). The rationale behind this shift in terminology is tied to a broader recognition of individuals’ lived experiences and identities.

The term “sex reassignment surgery” comes from a medical model that assumes a person is born with a sex that is then reassigned through surgical intervention. It posits that the individual is changing their sex and, by extension, their gender. This viewpoint, however, fails to recognise that many transgender and non-binary individuals identify with a specific gender long before any surgical intervention takes place. Therefore, the suggestion of ‘reassignment’ may seem reductive or invalidating to some individuals.

On the other hand, “gender affirmation surgery” reflects a more contemporary understanding of gender as an innate aspect of one’s identity that can be distinct from biological or assigned sex. This term signifies that the surgical procedures involved are not about ‘reassigning’ or ‘changing’ one’s sex or gender, but rather about affirming and recognising an individual’s self-identified gender.

Despite the differences in their connotations, both terms refer to the same group of surgical procedures. These include top surgeries (like mastectomy or breast augmentation), bottom surgeries (like vaginoplasty, phalloplasty, or metoidioplasty), and other procedures that aid in aligning an individual’s physical characteristics with their gender identity. The choice of terminology is mainly about respect, acknowledgement, and affirming the identities of those undergoing these procedures.

However, as language evolves, it’s important to note that different individuals may have different preferences for the terms they use to describe their experiences. It’s always best to use the terms that individuals use for themselves and their own procedures.

What is the minimum age to qualify for gender confirmation surgery?

You need to be a minimum of 18 years of age to have gender surgery.

Will I need to stop smoking before gender surgery?

Yes, you will need to stop smoking at least six weeks before surgery to minimise the risk of wound healing complications.

Is gender reassignment painful?

Gender surgery is performed under a general anaesthetic, which means you’ll be comfortable throughout the procedure. You will be prescribed prescription painkillers to minimise any pain and discomfort after surgery.

What are the potential risks and complications of gender confirmation surgery?

All types of surgery involve risks, and gender surgery is no different. Your surgeon will discuss the potential risks and complications of gender surgery at your in-person consultation.

Will I get scars after Top surgery?

All surgical procedures involving an incision will result in a scar. Our plastic surgeons are highly experienced in positioning scars to minimise their appearance.

Can I still have children after gender affirmation surgery?

Assigned females at birth (AFAB) individuals who undergo top surgery and body contouring, but do not have bottom surgery or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and ovaries), can still potentially become pregnant. They retain their reproductive organs, and therefore, their capacity to bear children remains intact, assuming no other fertility issues are present.

However, it is important to consider that the hormones used for gender transition might have an effect on fertility. Testosterone, often used for female-to-male transitions, can interrupt menstrual cycles and potentially impact fertility. Before starting any hormone therapy, it’s crucial to have a discussion with your healthcare provider about family planning and fertility preservation options.

For assigned males at birth (AMAB) who transition to female and wish to have biological children, considerations are different. Before hormone therapy or bottom surgery (which typically includes removal of the testes), sperm banking or cryopreservation is a common approach for preserving future fertility options.

We can guide you on your options and help you make an informed decision that aligns with your family planning goals and transition journey. Fertility preservation, surrogacy, and adoption are all potential paths to parenthood. The decision is personal, and our team can provide guidance and support to make the choice that is best for you.

What kind of care can I expect as a transgender indivdual?

At Centre for Surgery, we are committed to providing inclusive, compassionate, and comprehensive care for all our patients, including those from the transgender and non-binary communities. Our approach is grounded in respecting and acknowledging your personal experiences, gender identity, and unique medical needs.

First and foremost, we prioritise creating a safe and welcoming environment. You can expect to be treated with dignity, empathy, and respect at all times, and we’ll use your affirmed name and pronouns in all our interactions. All staff, from reception to surgical teams, are trained in cultural competency and sensitive to the specific needs of transgender individuals.

In terms of medical care, we offer a range of services tailored to the needs of transgender and non-binary individuals, from hormonal management to gender affirmation surgeries such as top surgery, bottom surgery, and body contouring procedures. Our team of experienced surgeons and healthcare providers are well-versed in these procedures and follow the latest research and best practices to provide the highest standard of care.

We understand that mental health support is a critical part of transgender healthcare, so we ensure that you have access to appropriate resources, including counselling or therapy, to support you during your transition journey. We’re also prepared to coordinate with other healthcare providers, such as your hormone specialist or mental health professional, to provide a comprehensive care plan.

Education and communication are key aspects of our approach. We will provide thorough explanations about any proposed treatments, ensuring you’re well-informed about all aspects of your care. We encourage open dialogue, inviting all your questions and concerns, to help you make the best decisions for your health and wellbeing.

At Centre for Surgery, our commitment to your care extends beyond your medical treatment. We strive to support you holistically throughout your journey, acknowledging your individual experiences and unique transition path. Your comfort, confidence, and health are our ultimate priority.

Is gender affirmation surgery worth it?

Deciding whether or not to undergo gender affirmation surgery, also known as gender confirmation surgery, is a highly personal decision that can be based on a variety of factors.

For some individuals with gender dysphoria, surgery can be an important step in their journey towards aligning their physical body with their gender identity, and can provide significant relief from the distress and discomfort associated with gender dysphoria.

Surgery can also improve an individual’s quality of life, and allow them to live in a way that feels authentic to them. It’s also important to remember that physical transition may be necessary for some individuals to feel comfortable in their bodies and be able to express their gender identity.

Centre for Surgery: Premier Destination for Gender Affirmation Surgery in London

Centre for Surgery distinguishes itself as a specialist plastic surgery clinic with a core focus on providing high-quality gender affirmation surgeries. We’re conveniently located in London and house some of the industry’s most skilled and experienced plastic surgeons. Our dedicated team of professionals specialise in both Male to Female (MTF) and Female to Male (FTM) Top Surgery, delivering excellent care to those seeking to align their physical appearance with their gender identity.

Our surgeons possess a deep understanding of the unique nuances of transgender health care. Leveraging their extensive experience, they provide a comprehensive range of gender affirmation procedures, delivering results that prioritise natural appearance, functionality, and overall well-being of our patients.

In our state-of-the-art facilities, we employ the latest medical technologies and adhere to the highest surgical standards, offering a high level of precision and safety in all our procedures. Our priority is ensuring you receive the best care throughout your journey – from your first consultation, through to surgery and beyond, into post-operative care and recovery.

At Centre for Surgery, we understand that seeking gender affirmation surgery is a significant step in one’s journey of transition. Therefore, we are dedicated to creating a supportive, respectful, and empathetic environment. We’re here to help you navigate your path, providing guidance, assurance, and quality medical care every step of the way.

Embark on your transition journey with us – a trusted partner committed to your well-being and success.

Start your journey with us today

If you have a question about a treatment, or you would like to find out more about how we can help you, call us on 0207 993 4849 or fill in the form below and one of our patient care coordinators will contact you to book a consultation with a specialist practitioner

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Treatment - Gender dysphoria

Treatment for gender dysphoria aims to help people live the way they want to, in their preferred gender identity or as non-binary.

What this means will vary from person to person, and is different for children, young people and adults. Waiting times for referral and treatment are currently long.

Treatment for children and young people

If your child may have gender dysphoria, they'll usually be referred to one of the NHS Children and Young People's Gender Services .

Your child or teenager will be seen by a multidisciplinary team including a:

• clinical psychologist
• child psychotherapist
• child and adolescent psychiatrist
• family therapist
• social worker

The team will carry out a detailed assessment, usually over 3 to 6 appointments over a period of several months.

Depending on the results of the assessment, options for children and teenagers include:

• family therapy
• individual child psychotherapy
• parental support or counselling
• group work for young people and their parents
• regular reviews to monitor gender identity development
• referral to a local Children and Young People's Mental Health Service (CYPMHS) for more serious emotional issues

Most treatments offered at this stage are psychological rather than medical. This is because in many cases gender variant behaviour or feelings disappear as children reach puberty.

Hormone therapy in children and young people

Some young people with lasting signs of gender dysphoria who meet strict criteria may be referred to a hormone specialist (consultant endocrinologist). This is in addition to psychological support.

Puberty blockers and gender-affirming hormones

Puberty blockers (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues) are not available to children and young people for gender incongruence or gender dysphoria because there is not enough evidence of safety and clinical effectiveness.

From around the age of 16, young people with a diagnosis of gender incongruence or gender dysphoria who meet various clinical criteria may be given gender-affirming hormones alongside psychosocial and psychological support.

These hormones cause some irreversible changes, such as:

• breast development (caused by taking oestrogen)
• breaking or deepening of the voice (caused by taking testosterone)

Long-term gender-affirming hormone treatment may cause temporary or even permanent infertility.

However, as gender-affirming hormones affect people differently, they should not be considered a reliable form of contraception.

There is some uncertainty about the risks of long-term gender-affirming hormone treatment.

Children, young people and their families are strongly discouraged from getting puberty blockers or gender-affirming hormones from unregulated sources or online providers that are not regulated by UK regulatory bodies.

Transition to adult gender identity services

Young people aged 17 or older may be seen in an adult gender identity clinic or be referred to one from a children and young people's gender service.

By this age, a teenager and the clinic team may be more confident about confirming a diagnosis of gender dysphoria. If desired, steps can be taken to more permanent treatments that fit with the chosen gender identity or as non-binary.

Treatment for adults

Adults who think they may have gender dysphoria should be referred to a gender dysphoria clinic (GDC).

Find an NHS gender dysphoria clinic in England .

GDCs have a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, who offer ongoing assessments, treatments, support and advice, including:

• psychological support, such as counselling
• cross-sex hormone therapy
• speech and language therapy (voice therapy) to help you sound more typical of your gender identity

For some people, support and advice from the clinic are all they need to feel comfortable with their gender identity. Others will need more extensive treatment.

Hormone therapy for adults

The aim of hormone therapy is to make you more comfortable with yourself, both in terms of physical appearance and how you feel. The hormones usually need to be taken for the rest of your life, even if you have gender surgery.

It's important to remember that hormone therapy is only one of the treatments for gender dysphoria. Others include voice therapy and psychological support. The decision to have hormone therapy will be taken after a discussion between you and your clinic team.

In general, people wanting masculinisation usually take testosterone and people after feminisation usually take oestrogen.

Both usually have the additional effect of suppressing the release of "unwanted" hormones from the testes or ovaries.

Whatever hormone therapy is used, it can take several months for hormone therapy to be effective, which can be frustrating.

It's also important to remember what it cannot change, such as your height or how wide or narrow your shoulders are.

The effectiveness of hormone therapy is also limited by factors unique to the individual (such as genetic factors) that cannot be overcome simply by adjusting the dose.

Find out how to save money on prescriptions for hormone therapy medicines with a prescription prepayment certificate .

Risks of hormone therapy

There is some uncertainty about the risks of long-term cross-sex hormone treatment. The clinic will discuss these with you and the importance of regular monitoring blood tests with your GP.

The most common risks or side effects include:

• blood clots
• weight gain
• dyslipidaemia (abnormal levels of fat in the blood)
• elevated liver enzymes
• polycythaemia (high concentration of red blood cells)
• hair loss or balding (androgenic alopecia)

There are other risks if you're taking hormones bought over the internet or from unregulated sources. It's strongly recommended you avoid these.

Long-term cross-sex hormone treatment may also lead, eventually, to infertility, even if treatment is stopped.

The GP can help you with advice about gamete storage. This is the harvesting and storing of eggs or sperm for your future use.

Gamete storage is sometimes available on the NHS. It cannot be provided by the gender dysphoria clinic.

Read more about fertility preservation on the HFEA website.

Surgery for adults

Some people may decide to have surgery to permanently alter body parts associated with their biological sex.

Based on the recommendations of doctors at the gender dysphoria clinic, you will be referred to a surgeon outside the clinic who is an expert in this type of surgery.

In addition to you having socially transitioned to your preferred gender identity for at least a year before a referral is made for gender surgery, it is also advisable to:

• lose weight if you are overweight (BMI of 25 or over)
• have taken cross-sex hormones for some surgical procedures

It's also important that any long-term conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, are well controlled.

Surgery for trans men

Common chest procedures for trans men (trans-masculine people) include:

• removal of both breasts (bilateral mastectomy) and associated chest reconstruction
• nipple repositioning
• dermal implant and tattoo

Gender surgery for trans men includes:

• construction of a penis (phalloplasty or metoidioplasty)
• construction of a scrotum (scrotoplasty) and testicular implants
• a penile implant

Removal of the womb (hysterectomy) and the ovaries and fallopian tubes (salpingo-oophorectomy) may also be considered.

Surgery for trans women

Gender surgery for trans women includes:

• removal of the testes (orchidectomy)
• removal of the penis (penectomy)
• construction of a vagina (vaginoplasty)
• construction of a vulva (vulvoplasty)
• construction of a clitoris (clitoroplasty)

Breast implants for trans women (trans-feminine people) are not routinely available on the NHS.

Facial feminisation surgery and hair transplants are not routinely available on the NHS.

As with all surgical procedures there can be complications. Your surgeon should discuss the risks and limitations of surgery with you before you consent to the procedure.

Life after transition

Whether you've had hormone therapy alone or combined with surgery, the aim is that you no longer have gender dysphoria and feel at ease with your identity.

Your health needs are the same as anyone else's with a few exceptions:

• you'll need lifelong monitoring of your hormone levels by your GP
• you'll still need contraception if you are sexually active and have not yet had any gender surgery
• you'll need to let your optician and dentist know if you're on hormone therapy as this may affect your treatment
• you may not be called for screening tests as you've changed your name on medical records – ask your GP to notify you for cervical and breast screening if you're a trans man with a cervix or breast tissue
• trans-feminine people with breast tissue (and registered with a GP as female) are routinely invited for breast screening from the ages of 50 up to 71

Find out more about screening for trans and non-binary people on GOV.UK.

NHS guidelines for gender dysphoria

NHS England has published what are known as service specifications that describe how clinical and medical care is offered to people with gender dysphoria:

• Non-surgical interventions for adults
• Surgical interventions for adults
• Interim service specification for specialist gender incongruence services for children and young people

Review of gender identity services

NHS England has commissioned an independent review of gender identity services for children and young people. The review will advise on any changes needed to the service specifications for children and young people.

Page last reviewed: 28 May 2020 Next review due: 28 May 2023

What it costs, shared care and what your subscription buys.

At GenderGP we want to make trans healthcare as affordable as possible.

To keep costs as low as we can, we have developed our service around telemedicine which means all of our interactions are done over the internet..

While we offer a fully private service, costs can also be further reduced if we work collaboratively with your healthcare provider. While the degree of support and willingness to collaborate varies, those providers who are willing to do so, can cover the cost of your medication and blood tests. Where this is agreed, GenderGP acts in the capacity of gender specialist, guiding and supporting the primary physician to provide safe and effective gender affirmative care.

There are six charges associated with using GenderGP’s medical services

• Subscription
• Consultations
• Blood Tests

All patients pay a one-off set up fee of £195 which enables them to become a member of our service. Find out more about what us included in your membership by clicking on the subscriptions tab.

Members receive unlimited access to medical advice, blood test result analysis and private prescriptions. Medication is charged separately, unless your healthcare provider has agreed to a shared care arrangement.

Some consultations are optional but useful, and some are compulsory. A list of the the available sessions is outlined below:

Information Gathering Sessions (compulsory): these give us a chance to get to know you and to work out how best to help. It is your chance to tell us how you feel and what you want to achieve. If you have a recent report from another specialist then you can use this here.

Follow-up Sessions (compulsory): arranged every 6 months to see how you are doing. You can have these more frequently if you wish.

Counselling (optional): this is a way for you to really dig deep and talk to one of our specialist gender counsellors about what you are going through.

Ask us Anything (optional):  an opportunity to speak to someone before you start on the Appraisal Pathway and embark on your journey with GenderGP. Ask any questions you want about the support we provide and the process and costs.

Consultation cost – overview:

Information Gathering Session (compulsory unless you already have an assessment report from somewhere else) – £65.00

Follow-up Sessions (compulsory – every 6 months) – £30.00

Counselling (optional) – £60.00-£80.00

Ask us Anything (optional) – £40.00

Blood tests are an essential part of your treatment – to make sure you are fit and healthy, that you are on the correct dose.

There are three ways to can get your blood tests done:

If your doctor will do the blood tests for you on the NHS or your public health system, you can provide us with a copy of the results. Private service

If your doctor can’t do them for you then a local private hospital may be able to help. Home Testing Kit

We can arrange for you to have a home testing kit sent to you.

This can either be done using a finger prick test or by a phlebotomist near you.

The minimum tests you need to ask for are as follows:

• Full blood count
• Hormones (if you are already on hormone treatment)

Blood test costs – overview 

• I have had some blood tests done within the past 6 months and can provide my levels – £0.00
• My doctor will do the tests – £0.00
• Home testing kit – £250.00
• I will use a private hospital – cost varies
• I would like some more information

As outlined above, if your doctor will prescribe for you under our supervision, this can reduce your costs significantly. However, if that is not possible we can still help you by issuing a private prescription which you can use to purchase your medication privately, via our partner pharmacy: ClearChemist

Prescription options – overview

Your doctor will prescribe, under our supervision.

GenderGP will prescribe – we send a private prescription to our partner pharmacy Clear Chemist  and you purchase your medication from them.

Paper Prescription – if you are outside the UK, or would prefer to have a paper prescription to take to your pharmacy, this can be arranged. You can take this to the pharmacy of your choice and purchase the medication from them. Not all pharmacies are willing to accept private paper prescriptions, so it is best to check first.

Estimated Private Medication Costs:

Hormones – from around £10 per month dependent on need.

Anti-androgens – around £10 per month.

Puberty blocking injections – around £100 per month.

Puberty blocking nasal spray – around £60 per month.

Some medicines are given by injection – such as some Testosterone preparations and puberty blockers. There are alternatives available, but if you want to have injections it is important that we know who is going to administer them.

Injection options – overview:

Your doctor’s surgery will help you with the injection.

Private service – you will make arrangements for a local private service to administer your injections.

Self-inject – you have been taught how to inject your own medication.

Family / friends – you know someone who is qualified and willing to help.

Most letters and reports are included with your GenderGP subscription. However, some services such as referrals for surgery incur an additional fee.

To begin your journey click here .

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Gender Confirmation Surgery (GCS)

What is Gender Confirmation Surgery?

• Transfeminine Tr

Transmasculine Transition

• Traveling Abroad

Choosing a Surgeon

Gender confirmation surgery (GCS), known clinically as genitoplasty, are procedures that surgically confirm a person's gender by altering the genitalia and other physical features to align with their desired physical characteristics. Gender confirmation surgeries are also called gender affirmation procedures. These are both respectful terms.

Gender dysphoria , an experience of misalignment between gender and sex, is becoming more widely diagnosed.  People diagnosed with gender dysphoria are often referred to as "transgender," though one does not necessarily need to experience gender dysphoria to be a member of the transgender community. It is important to note there is controversy around the gender dysphoria diagnosis. Many disapprove of it, noting that the diagnosis suggests that being transgender is an illness.

Ellen Lindner / Verywell

Transfeminine Transition

Transfeminine is a term inclusive of trans women and non-binary trans people assigned male at birth.

Gender confirmation procedures that a transfeminine person may undergo include:

• Penectomy is the surgical removal of external male genitalia.
• Orchiectomy is the surgical removal of the testes.
• Vaginoplasty is the surgical creation of a vagina.
• Feminizing genitoplasty creates internal female genitalia.
• Breast implants create breasts.
• Gluteoplasty increases buttock volume.
• Chondrolaryngoplasty is a procedure on the throat that can minimize the appearance of Adam's apple .

Feminizing hormones are commonly used for at least 12 months prior to breast augmentation to maximize breast growth and achieve a better surgical outcome. They are also often used for approximately 12 months prior to feminizing genital surgeries.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is often done to soften the lines of the face. FFS can include softening the brow line, rhinoplasty (nose job), smoothing the jaw and forehead, and altering the cheekbones. Each person is unique and the procedures that are done are based on the individual's need and budget,

Transmasculine is a term inclusive of trans men and non-binary trans people assigned female at birth.

Gender confirmation procedures that a transmasculine person may undergo include:

• Masculinizing genitoplasty is the surgical creation of external genitalia. This procedure uses the tissue of the labia to create a penis.
• Phalloplasty is the surgical construction of a penis using a skin graft from the forearm, thigh, or upper back.
• Metoidioplasty is the creation of a penis from the hormonally enlarged clitoris.
• Scrotoplasty is the creation of a scrotum.

Procedures that change the genitalia are performed with other procedures, which may be extensive.

The change to a masculine appearance may also include hormone therapy with testosterone, a mastectomy (surgical removal of the breasts), hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus), and perhaps additional cosmetic procedures intended to masculinize the appearance.

Paying For Gender Confirmation Surgery

Medicare and some health insurance providers in the United States may cover a portion of the cost of gender confirmation surgery.

It is unlawful to discriminate or withhold healthcare based on sex or gender. However, many plans do have exclusions.

For most transgender individuals, the burden of financing the procedure(s) is the main difficulty in obtaining treatment. The cost of transitioning can often exceed $100,000 in the United States, depending upon the procedures needed.

A typical genitoplasty alone averages about $18,000. Rhinoplasty, or a nose job, averaged $5,409 in 2019.  

Traveling Abroad for GCS

Some patients seek gender confirmation surgery overseas, as the procedures can be less expensive in some other countries. It is important to remember that traveling to a foreign country for surgery, also known as surgery tourism, can be very risky.

Regardless of where the surgery will be performed, it is essential that your surgeon is skilled in the procedure being performed and that your surgery will be performed in a reputable facility that offers high-quality care.

When choosing a surgeon , it is important to do your research, whether the surgery is performed in the U.S. or elsewhere. Talk to people who have already had the procedure and ask about their experience and their surgeon.

Before and after photos don't tell the whole story, and can easily be altered, so consider asking for a patient reference with whom you can speak.

It is important to remember that surgeons have specialties and to stick with your surgeon's specialty. For example, you may choose to have one surgeon perform a genitoplasty, but another to perform facial surgeries. This may result in more expenses, but it can result in a better outcome.

A Word From Verywell

Gender confirmation surgery is very complex, and the procedures that one person needs to achieve their desired result can be very different from what another person wants.

Each individual's goals for their appearance will be different. For example, one individual may feel strongly that breast implants are essential to having a desirable and feminine appearance, while a different person may not feel that breast size is a concern. A personalized approach is essential to satisfaction because personal appearance is so highly individualized.

Davy Z, Toze M. What is gender dysphoria? A critical systematic narrative review . Transgend Health . 2018;3(1):159-169. doi:10.1089/trgh.2018.0014

Morrison SD, Vyas KS, Motakef S, et al. Facial Feminization: Systematic Review of the Literature . Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;137(6):1759-70. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002171

Hadj-moussa M, Agarwal S, Ohl DA, Kuzon WM. Masculinizing Genital Gender Confirmation Surgery . Sex Med Rev . 2019;7(1):141-155. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.06.004

Dowshen NL, Christensen J, Gruschow SM. Health Insurance Coverage of Recommended Gender-Affirming Health Care Services for Transgender Youth: Shopping Online for Coverage Information . Transgend Health . 2019;4(1):131-135. doi:10.1089/trgh.2018.0055

American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Rhinoplasty nose surgery .

Rights Group: More U.S. Companies Covering Cost of Gender Reassignment Surgery. CNS News. http://cnsnews.com/news/article/rights-group-more-us-companies-covering-cost-gender-reassignment-surgery

The Sex Change Capital of the US. CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-3445_162-4423154.html

By Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FN Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FNP-C, is a board-certified family nurse practitioner. She has experience in primary care and hospital medicine.

What is gender reassignment surgery?

Gender reassignment surgery is any surgical procedure involved in facilitating a male-to-female (MtF) or female-to-male (FtM) transition . Gender reassignment surgery is complex and can involve a number of separate procedures, carried out over several operations.

When is gender reassignment surgery required?

Surgery is generally the last step of a person’s transition. In the UK, to receive gender reassignment surgery through the NHS you need to first spend twelve months living in a social role appropriate to your gender identity. Gender reassignment surgery also comes after any hormonal treatment you have received, whether oestrogen (for MtF transitions) or testosterone (for FtM transitions).

What does it involve?

The exact procedures involved depend on whether you are undergoing a MtF or FtM transiton:

Male-to-female transition

The procedures involved in a male-to-female transition include:

• removal of the penis and testes
• breast implants
• construction of a vagina, vulva and clitoris – usually from the skin from the penis
• surgery on the face to make it more feminine
• in some cases, the removal of the prostate gland

Female-to-male transition

The procedures involved in a female-to-male transition include:

• removal of the breasts
• removal of the womb, ovaries and fallopian tubes
• construction of a penis and testes – using vaginal tissue and skin from the forearm
• a penile implant

In both forms of surgery, the aim is to retain sexual sensation and function.

The extent of follow-up care depends on how much surgery you elect to have and where you have the procedure. It is very likely you will receive psychotherapy to help you adjust to your new body and lifestyle.

• Gender reassignment surgery

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Tania Cubison - Plastic surgery

Created on: 02-10-2017

Updated on: 05-04-2023

Edited by: Conor Dunworth

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Gender reassignment surgery, also known as gender affirmation surgery, is a significant step for individuals seeking to align their physical appearance with their gender identity. Leading consultant plastic surgeon Mr Alexander Armstrong explores the various aspects of gender reassignment surgery, from the procedures involved to the potential risks and benefits. See more

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The history of gender reassignment surgeries in the UK

For Pride Month, we are recognising the plastic surgeons who pioneered gender reassignment surgeries (GRS) in the UK. Gender reassignment surgery, also known as gender confirmation surgery or gender affirmation surgery, is a sub-speciality within plastic surgery, developed based on reconstructive procedures used in trauma and in congenital malformations. The specific procedures used for GRS have only been practised in the last 100 years.

Over the last decade, there has been an increase in society acknowledgement and acceptance of gender diverse persons. This catalysed an increase in referrals to gender identity clinics and an increase in the number of gender affirmation surgeries. GRS help by bringing fulfilment to many people who experience gender dysphoria. Gender dysphoria - a distress caused by the incongruence of a person's gender identity and their biological sex, drives the person to seek medical or surgical intervention to align some or all of their physical appearance with their gender identity. Patients with gender dysphoria experience higher rates of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Gender-affirming medical intervention tends to resolve the psychiatric disorders that are a direct consequence of gender dysphoria.

Norman Haire (1892-1952) was a medical practitioner and a Sexologist. In his book, The Encyclopaedia of Sexual Knowledge (1933), he describes the first successful GRS. His patient, Dora Richter underwent 3 procedures reassigning from male to female between 1922-1931. The procedures included a vaginoplasty (surgical procedure where a vagina is created).

In the UK, gender reassignment surgeries were pioneered by Sir Harold Gillies. Harold Gillies is most famous for the development of a new method of facial reconstructive surgery, in 1917. During the Second World War, he organized plastic surgery units in various parts of Britain and inspired colleagues to do the same, training many doctors in this field. During the war, Gillies performed genital reconstruction surgeries for wounded soldiers.

British physician Laurence Michael Dillon (born Laura Maude Dillon) felt that they were not truly a woman. Gillies performed the first phalloplasty (surgery performed to construct the penis) on Dillon in 1946. In transitioning from female to male, Dillon underwent a total of 13 operations, over a period of 4 years.

Roberta Cowell (born Robert Marshall Cowell) is the first known Brit to undergo male to female GRS. After meeting Dillon and becoming close, Dillon operated illegally on Cowell. The operation helped her obtain documents confirming that she was intersex and have her birth gender formally re-registered as female. The operation that helped her transition was forbidden as it was considered “disfiguring” of a man who was otherwise qualified to serve in the military. Consequently, Gillies, assisted by American surgeon Ralph Millard performed a vaginoplasty on Roberta in 1951. The technique pioneered by Harold Gillies remained the standard for 40 years.

Gillies requested no publicity for his gender affirmation work.  In response to the objections received from his peers, he replied that he was satisfied by the patient's written sentiments: “To Sir Harold Gillies, I owe my life and my happiness”. “If it gives real happiness,” Gillies wrote of his procedures, “that is the most that any surgeon or medicine can give.” These words highlight the importance of plastic surgery in the mental wellbeing of transgender patients.

The BAPRAS Collection and Archive has an extraordinary assembly of fascinating archive and historical surgical instruments dating from 1900. Visit https://www.bapras.org.uk/professionals/About/bapras-archive or email [email protected] for more information.

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Gender Reassignment Surgery Cost (MTF & FTM)

Explore the rising demand for gender reassignment surgery worldwide. Learn about the various procedures and their detailed costs in this comprehensive article.

• Transgender Surgery

By Priyanka Dutta Deb

6th June '22

Gender reassignment surgery cost varies depending on the type of transition. 

• For male to female (MTF) transition, the cost ranges from $2438 to $6095 and  
• For female to male (FTM) transition, the cost falls between $4876 and $9752 .

When considering the cost of gender reassignment surgery, it's important to note that these figures encompass the surgical expenses alone. Additional costs, such as:

• pre-operative consultations
• post-operative care
• hospitalization may also be involved

For a precise cost estimate that aligns with your specific needs, it is highly recommended that you consult reliable healthcare providers or clinics.

Begin with clarity. Contact us for detailed cost insights now.

There are two broad types of gender reassignment surgery : top surgery and bottom surgery. The top surgery is performed for both people assigned female at birth (AFAB) and assigned male at birth (AMAB). 

• Male to female or non-binary (MTF/N): This procedure entails using saline or silicone implants to boost chest size and form for a more feminine or female appearance. Male-to-female top surgery is done under general anesthesia.
• Female to male or non-binary (FTM/N):  During FTM top surgery, breast tissue is removed and the chest is shaped to give the patient a flat, masculine, or male appearance. Following this, a nipple graft is planted to give a complete look .

Before we discuss each service's cost, let's take a quick look at overall transgender surgery costs in different countries.

You must be curious to know the gender change surgery cost of different surgical procedures. Let's read.

What is the Cost of Male-to-Female Top Surgery?

Breast augmentation or augmentation mammoplasty is another name for MTF and MTN top surgery. 

The MTF/N top surgery or breast augmentation surgery cost in India is around USD 1290 to USD 1940 . The surgeon's expertise and experience are two of the most critical aspects that affect the cost.

For the duration of the surgery, you will be put under general anesthesia. Your surgeon may choose different breast augmentation methods depending on your desired chest size, implant kind, and incision site. The average time for MTF and MTN top surgery is 1 to 2 hours .

The insertion cost and the implant cost are the two components of the surgery cost.

Navigating your options?  Contact us today for more information on cost!

What is the cost of female-to-male top surgery?

An FTM or FTN top surgery procedure takes from   1.5 to 4 hours . Various treatments are performed to get a more flat, masculine, or male-looking chest. Double incision, periareolar, and keyhole are the most popular procedures used by surgeons. 

The FTM top surgery cost ranges around USD 3870 .

Now that we have already discussed top surgery costs, let's take a look at how much mtf bottom surgery costs.

AFAB and AMAB people can undergo bottom surgery as part of their gender confirmation process. Bottom surgery involves transforming or reconstructing the bottom or genitalia. This involves Vaginoplasty, penile transplant , phalloplasty, and metoidioplasty.

What is the cost of male-to-female bottom surgery?

Vaginoplasty surgery is the major procedure performed in bottom surgery . There are three main options under Vaginoplasty. Penile inversion, non-penile inversion Vaginoplasty, and recto-sigmoid or colon graft.

The clitoris is moulded from the head/tip of the penis in all three surgical approaches. The Vaginoplasty cost is around USD 3870 to USD 4520.

Now, let's look at female to male bottom surgery cost.

What is the Cost of Female-to-Male Bottom Surgery?

This procedure involves the removal of the female organs in the lower region and reassigning them to male sexual parts. It includes removing the uterus, vaginal remodeling, labia reconstruction, metoidioplasty, and phalloplasty.

The whole procedure may cost somewhere around USD 5160 to USD 10,335 . 

To get a clearer picture of gender reassignment surgery cost, connect with us now .

What is the Cost of Facial Feminization Surgery?

Facial feminization surgery is a technique that involves changing your facial characteristics to make them appear more feminine. FFS is concerned with bone structure and nose shape. FFS is distinct for each person and can affect any part of the face or neck.

The facial feminization surgery cost is USD 1350 . 

What is Hormonal Replacement Cost?

Hormonal replacement therapy is for both MTF/N and FTM/N transitioning.

MTF/N: The hormones for a male-to-female transition enhance the alignment of your gender identity. It helps induce physical changes in your body produced by female hormones during puberty (gender congruence). Male secondary sex traits can be avoided if feminizing hormone therapy like progesterone is initiated before male puberty. The hormonal replacement therapy cost for MTF/N is USD 12/month.

FTM/N: You'll be administered the male hormone testosterone during masculinizing hormone therapy. It suppresses your menstrual cycles and lowers oestrogen synthesis in your ovaries.  The hormonal replacement therapy cost FTM/N is USD 7/month.

To make a more informed decision, talk to us today.

Factors affecting the cost of gender reassignment surgery:

• Hospital charges:  It depends on the type of hospital you choose. Moreover, the cost also depends on whether you are admitted to a general ward or a private room.
• Psychiatrist : If you need a psychiatrist to deal with your physical changes, your cost will impact you. A psychiatrist is recommended to understand better the complex procedures and adjustments you will need before and after your surgery.
• Clinical Experts and Surgeons : You will discuss the specifics of your gender change surgery with your doctor. It includes an assessment of your medical health status, discussing your long-term gender confirmation goals, and evaluating which procedures may be most appropriate to assist you in your journey. You can ask for specific details such as risks, benefits, and what to expect from the surgery.
• Medical Insurance:  Your medical insurance will play an essential role in the procedure, saving you a lot of money.
• Accommodation Charges:  The accommodation charges are included for international patients.
• Medication charges : These charges include all the medication you will receive before and after the procedure ends.
• Pre- and Post-treatment charges:  The pre-treatment charges include doctor consultation fees, diagnosis charges, etc. The post-treatment charges may include medicine costs, doctor's revisit charges, etc.

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Do Insurance Companies Cover Gender Reassignment Surgery?

Yes, insurance companies that cover gender reassignment surgery! There is no legal prohibition for that. Not all employers provide insurance coverage to unmarried or live-in partners of straight employees. But, several organizations nowadays provide medical insurance to their employees' same-sex partners, including coverage for gender-reassignment surgery.

Some independent companies have made it a goal to try and incorporate this coverage into their medical insurance for employees.  

Note: This article is on the cost of gender reassignment surgery, and data about it is only for your informational purposes and is subject to change.  

1. Side effects of gender reassignment surgery

• Infections.
• Side effects of anesthesia.
• Difficulty in urinating.
• Severe complications in intestines.
• Leakage of urine through openings.
• Closure of vaginal opening.

2. Who typically undergoes gender reassignment surgery?

Gender reassignment surgery is typically undergone by individuals who experience gender dysphoria, a condition where an individual's gender identity does not match their assigned sex at birth. It is usually recommended as a last resort after other treatments such as therapy, hormone therapy, and social transition have been tried.

3. What are the types of gender reassignment surgery?

The two main types of gender reassignment surgery are "top surgery," which refers to surgeries that alter the chest and breast area, and "bottom surgery," which refers to surgeries that alter the genital area. Top surgery may involve a mastectomy, breast augmentation, or breast reduction. Bottom surgery may involve genital reconstruction, orchiectomy, metoidioplasty, or phalloplasty. 4. Do the costs vary for different types of gender affirmation procedures? Yes, the cost can vary based on the specific surgeries involved, such as chest or breast augmentation, facial feminization, or genital reconstruction. References: 

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Question and Answers

I'm a 56 year old transgender female and I was taking hormones but had to stop because I just couldn't afford them anymore. I want to take the Opill birth control because of the progestin in it to help increase my breast size even though it will take time. My question to you is will taking the Opill birth control hurt me if I take it long term or will I be fine.

Starting the Opill birth control for breast enlargement can be risky. Use of birth control pills for a long time can cause problems such as high chances of blood clots, weight change, and emotional state. The hormone progestin in the pill can affect my levels of hormones. There are also claims that birth control pills made of progestin can affect the production of hormones. Consult your healthcare provider to make a safe decision and avoid risking negative consequences. 

Answered on 13th May '24

Dr. Vinod Vij

I am 22 years male. I have gender identity issues. I feel like I don’t fit to this gender.

It is a common thing for lots of people­ to feel they do not be­long to the gender the­y were given at birth. This is calle­d gender dysphoria. The signs might include­ feeling weird about your body, clothe­s, or pronouns people use for you. This happe­ns because your gende­r identity does not match the se­x you were marked at birth. Spe­aking to a therapist who gets gende­r identity can help you in finding ways to feel good and supporte­d. 

Answered on 2nd May '24

Will those who are transgender have children?

Transgende­r individuals face challenges in naturally conce­iving due to medical aspects. Those­ assigned female at birth and on hormone­ therapy may have lower fe­rtility. Those assigned male at birth typically cannot ge­t pregnant. Preserving e­ggs or sperm before transitioning may he­lp those wanting biological kids later. Consulting fertility e­xperts can help transge­nder people de­siring parenthood.

Answered on 19th Apr '24

Dr. Pradeep Mahajan

Currently I am a woman. Born on 17-09-1989. I want to transition from girl to boy. Is it possible? How much will it cost? And whether there are any physical complications later?

Female | 35

Going from girl to boy occurs when pe­ople take hormones and have­ operations. The total cost depe­nds on what treatments are chose­n. After, problems could be infe­ctions, scars, and fertility changes. Talking to a transgende­r doctor regarding options and risks is crucial.

Can transgender women get pregnant?

Transgender women who have had hormonal treatment and/or surgery may notice a drop in sperm count and fertility as a side effect of the process. But this scenario, when became the case, is an exception. Effective relationships between transgender women who wish to have a baby and a reproductive endocrinologist or fertility specialist are of utmost importance as they will provide them with advice and the needed support.

Answered on 5th Apr '24

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Procedure: Male to Female Gender Reassignment Surgery (MTF GRS)

Male-to-female gender reassignment surgery (MTF GRS) is a complex and irreversible genital surgery for male transsexual who is diagnosed with gender identity disorder and has a strong desire to live as female. The procedure is to remove all male genital organs including the penis and testes with the construction of female genitalia composed of labia major/minor, clitoris and neovagina simultaneously.   

The patient who is fit for this surgery must strictly follow the standard of care set by the World Professional Association of Transgender Healthcare (WPATH) or equivalent criteria; Express desire or live in another gender role (Male gender) long enough, under hormonal replacement therapy, evaluated and approved by a psychiatrist or other qualified professional gender therapist.  

Apart from genital surgery, the patient would seek other procedures to allow them to live as female smoothly such as breast aesthetic surgery, facial feminization surgery, body contouring, hair removal, voice change surgery, etc.

Interested in having this procedure?

Useful Information

Ensure you consider all aspects of a procedure. You can speak to your surgeon about these areas of the surgery in more detail during a consultation.

The surgery is quite complicated and only a handful of surgeons are able to perform this procedure. It can be completed in one stage or more stages depending on techniques and surgeons. The average surgical time ranges between 5-8 hours. There are several options of neovaginal construction depending on the type of tissue, single or in combination, such as penile skin, scrotal skin, large intestine, small intestine, or peritoneum.   

The procedure is done under general anesthesia and might be combined with spinal anesthesia for faster recovery by reducing the usage of anesthetic gas.  

Inpatient/Outpatient

The patient will be hospitalized as an in-patient for between 5-14 days depending on the technique and surgeon. The patient will have a urinary catheter at all times in the hospital.  

Additional Information

What is the recovery process.

During hospitalization, the patient must be restricted in bed continuously or intermittently for several days between 3-5 days. After release from the hospital, the patient can return to their normal lives but not have to do physical exercise during the first 2 months after surgery. The patient has to do vaginal dilation continuously for 6 months to maintain the neovagina canal until completely healed and is ready for sexual intimacy.  

What are the results?

With the good surgical technique, the result is very satisfying with an improved quality of life. The patient is able to live in a female role completely and happily either on their own or with their male or female partners.  

What are the risks?

The most frequent complication of MTF GRS is bleeding, wound infection, skin flap or graft necrosis, urinary stenosis, neovaginal contracture, unsightly scar or deformed genitalia,  vaginal fistula, etc. The revision procedures to improve external appearance are composed of secondary labiaplasty/ urethroplasty/ perineoplasty/ and vulvaplasty. The other revision procedure is secondary vaginoplasty to help the patient able to have sexual intimacy with the partner.  

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What can i expect from male-to-female gender reassignment surgery.

If you strongly believe that the sex you were born with is not the same one you identify as, a gender reassignment surgery may be the best solution for you.

There are so many questions that come to mind when you think of gender reassignment. It is obvious that anatomically, a male-to-female transition will involve restructuring the genitalia, but most people do not know exactly what the entire process entails. Here is a complete guide on what to expect from gender reassignment surgery.

There is specific course laid out for those who wish to embark on the journey of gender transition. According to the standard set by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), the first step is to consult with a mental health professional for psychotherapy and diagnosis. Hormone therapy can only start when the therapist issues a recommendation letter. Hormone therapy marks the beginning of living life as the female sex.

Gender Reassignment Surgery

When the male genitalia are changed to female, the anatomical parts are removed and repositioned to fit the mould of the latter sex. Here, the testicles are completely removed and the penis (including the foreskin) is inverted to create a flap preserving the nerve and blood supply. This technique creates a vagina that is highly sensitive.

From the glans of the penis, the clitoris is formed. In cases where the structuring of the labia requires more skin, the follicles of the pubic hair are excised from the scrotum region and inserted into the vagina. The remaining scrotal tissue goes into the formation of the labia majora.

Sometimes, the inner layer of the vagina is created through a skin graft. Many surgeons believe that a region of the colon is better suited for a graft, because this tissue is already mucoid.

What to Expect from Gender Reassignment

It takes time to fully process the fact that your penis is now a completely operational vagina. Some who have had a successful transition remember feeling like they still had a penis even after it was inverted and cut.

Soon after the transition surgery, there is redness and slight swelling. Some complain of intense pain, but this temporary sensation is mostly psychological. Excretion of yellow mucoid secretion is common. Since the entire vagina is reconstructed using the penis, few may notice a portion of the labia falling off and growing back; don’t be alarmed, it is natural. A part of the prostate may be retained initially and shrinks with hormonal therapy.

You will fit into the gender of choice easily now that you have the body parts that complete the look. For a year before the surgery, you are encouraged to live like a woman in the public eye. This means that you will need to change your name and gender preference at school, work, and socially. Additional treatments that improve the aesthetics of the transition include breast augmentation, a tracheal shave, face feminization, and buttocks augmentation.

Schedule a Consultation

Speak with one of the skilled medical professionals at London Bridge Plastic Surgery to learn more about gender reassignment surgery. There, you will be able to ask any questions you may have. To set up your consultation, contact our office today.

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This is also known as sex-reassignment surgery or gender-reassignment surgery. These surgeries help patients’ physical appearance and function, as well as resemble their identified gender.

The surgery can be divided into “top surgery” and “bottom surgery.”

• “Top surgery” creates breasts for male-to-female transgender patients or removes breasts for female-to-male transgender patients.
• “Bottom surgery” for male-to-female transgender patients includes removing male genitalia and creating female genitalia.
• “Bottom surgery” for female-to-male transgender patients includes creating male genitalia from one’s own tissues or using of implants in combination with one’s own tissue.

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NEW YORK , May 17, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The global  sex reassignment surgery market in us   size is estimated to grow by USD 125.78 mn from 2023-2027, according to Technavio. The market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of  10.84%  during the forecast period. 

For more insights on the forecast market size and historic data (2017 - 2021) -  Download Free sample report in minutes 

Key Market Trends Fueling Growth

The sex reassignment surgery market in the US has witnessed significant growth due to increased transgender visibility through social media and societal acceptance. Transgender individuals, particularly those transitioning, require comprehensive care, including fertility consultations for preservation and counseling for gender identity exploration. Various gender-affirming surgical procedures are available, such as orchiectomy, ovariectomy, vaginoplasty, chest masculinization surgery, and facial feminization surgery. Innovations continue in metoidioplasty, phalloplasty, and scrotoplasty. Medicare and Medicaid programs cover some of these procedures for transgender beneficiaries. Hospitals like Mount Sinai and clinics such as the Transgender Surgery Institute offer gender-affirming surgeries. 

Market Challenges

• The sex reassignment surgery market in the US faces challenges due to potential complications from procedures such as facial, top, and bottom surgeries for transgender males and females. Adverse effects include vaginal closure, skin graft rejection, and urinary issues. Rare cases may result in major complications. Common risks include bleeding, infection, and anesthetic side effects. Other gender-affirming care, like hormone therapy and mental health support, are essential components of the transgender population's overall health and well-being. The public health challenge of gender dysphoria requires equitable access to surgical techniques and medical services, including chest surgery, chin augmentation, and facial feminization surgery. Technological innovation and societal stigma also impact the growth of this market.

Research report provides comprehensive data on impact of trend, driver and challenges -  Buy Report

Segment Overview 

This sex reassignment surgery market in US report extensively covers market segmentation by

• 1.1 Male to female
• 1.2 Female to male
• 2.1 Hospitals
• 2.2 Clinics
• 3.1 North America

1.1 Male to female-  The Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) market in the US is primarily segmented into two categories: transgender males and transgender females, each with unique requirements for gender dysphoria transition. Hospitals specializing in gender affirmation surgeries offer various procedures for these populations, including hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, orchiectomy, ovariectomy, and mastectomy for transgender females, and phalloplasty, scrotoplasty, and chest masculinization surgery for transgender males. The young transgender population also seeks SRS, with procedures such as reduction thyrochondroplasty for voice feminization and vaginoplasty for neo-vagina creation. The Obamacare legislation and Medicaid program have expanded coverage for transgender beneficiaries, increasing access to gender-affirming care. Key surgical procedures include hysterectomy, orchiectomy, and vaginoplasty, while augmentation mammoplasty, breast reduction, and facial feminization surgery cater to the transfeminine population. Transgender issues continue to evolve, with ongoing research and development in SRS techniques.

For more information on market segmentation with geographical analysis including forecast (2023-2027) and historic data (2017 - 2021)  - Download a Sample Report

Research Analysis

The Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) market in the US has witnessed significant growth, driven by the increasing number of transgender individuals seeking gender dysphoria treatment. This cohort includes transgender males and females, particularly among the young population. Gender dysphoria transition often involves self-identified gender exploration and the pursuit of gender-affirming interventions such as Gender-confirming surgeries and hormone therapy. Gender-affirming surgeries encompass various procedures, including genital reconstructive procedures for transgender males and chest surgery (mastectomy) and facial feminization surgery for transgender females. Clinicians play a crucial role in providing mental health support and guiding patients through the temporal trends of SRS. Hormone therapy and gender-confirming surgeries have become increasingly accepted medical interventions for transgender individuals. The National Inpatient Sample provides valuable insights into the utilization and outcomes of these procedures. Overall, the SRS market continues to expand, reflecting the growing recognition and acceptance of transgender individuals and their unique healthcare needs.

Market Research Overview

The Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) market in the US has been witnessing significant growth due to increasing acceptance and recognition of gender diversity. The market encompasses various procedures such as orchiectomy, vaginoplasty, and phalloplasty, among others. These surgeries aim to help individuals align their physical identity with their gender identity. The market is driven by factors like growing awareness and acceptance of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals, advancements in surgical techniques, and improved access to healthcare. The market also faces challenges like high costs, lack of insurance coverage, and stigma associated with gender diversity. The market is segmented based on procedures, regions, and end-users. The future outlook of the market is promising with increasing acceptance and recognition of gender diversity and advancements in surgical techniques.

Table of Contents:

1 Executive Summary 2 Market Landscape 3 Market Sizing 4 Historic Market Size 5 Five Forces Analysis 6 Market Segmentation

• Male To Female
• Female To Male
• North America

7 Customer Landscape 8 Geographic Landscape 9 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends 10 Company Landscape 11 Company Analysis 12 Appendix

About Technavio

Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focuses on emerging market trends and provides actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions.

With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio's report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning across 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavio's comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.

Technavio Research Jesse Maida Media & Marketing Executive US: +1 844 364 1100 UK: +44 203 893 3200 Email: [email protected] Website: www.technavio.com/

SOURCE Technavio

Copyright 2024 PR Newswire

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Sex reassignment surgery market in us size is set to grow by usd 125.78 mn from 2023-2027, increase in number of people opting for sex change surgeries in us to boost the market growth, technavio.

NEW YORK , May 17, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The global   sex reassignment surgery market in us    size is estimated to grow by USD 125.78 mn from 2023-2027, according to Technavio. The market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of  10.84%  during the forecast period.

For more insights on the forecast market size and historic data (2017 - 2021) -  Download Free sample report in minutes  

Key Market Trends Fueling Growth

The sex reassignment surgery market in the US has witnessed significant growth due to increased transgender visibility through social media and societal acceptance. Transgender individuals, particularly those transitioning, require comprehensive care, including fertility consultations for preservation and counseling for gender identity exploration. Various gender-affirming surgical procedures are available, such as orchiectomy, ovariectomy, vaginoplasty, chest masculinization surgery, and facial feminization surgery. Innovations continue in metoidioplasty, phalloplasty, and scrotoplasty. Medicare and Medicaid programs cover some of these procedures for transgender beneficiaries. Hospitals like Mount Sinai and clinics such as the Transgender Surgery Institute offer gender-affirming surgeries.

Market Challenges

The sex reassignment surgery market in the US faces challenges due to potential complications from procedures such as facial, top, and bottom surgeries for transgender males and females. Adverse effects include vaginal closure, skin graft rejection, and urinary issues. Rare cases may result in major complications. Common risks include bleeding, infection, and anesthetic side effects. Other gender-affirming care, like hormone therapy and mental health support, are essential components of the transgender population's overall health and well-being. The public health challenge of gender dysphoria requires equitable access to surgical techniques and medical services, including chest surgery, chin augmentation, and facial feminization surgery. Technological innovation and societal stigma also impact the growth of this market.

Research report provides comprehensive data on impact of trend, driver and challenges -   Buy Report

Segment Overview 

This sex reassignment surgery market in US report extensively covers market segmentation by

1.1 Male to female

1.2 Female to male

2.1 Hospitals

2.2 Clinics

3.1 North America

1.1 Male to female-  The Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) market in the US is primarily segmented into two categories: transgender males and transgender females, each with unique requirements for gender dysphoria transition. Hospitals specializing in gender affirmation surgeries offer various procedures for these populations, including hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, orchiectomy, ovariectomy, and mastectomy for transgender females, and phalloplasty, scrotoplasty, and chest masculinization surgery for transgender males. The young transgender population also seeks SRS, with procedures such as reduction thyrochondroplasty for voice feminization and vaginoplasty for neo-vagina creation. The Obamacare legislation and Medicaid program have expanded coverage for transgender beneficiaries, increasing access to gender-affirming care. Key surgical procedures include hysterectomy, orchiectomy, and vaginoplasty, while augmentation mammoplasty, breast reduction, and facial feminization surgery cater to the transfeminine population. Transgender issues continue to evolve, with ongoing research and development in SRS techniques.

For more information on market segmentation with geographical analysis including forecast (2023-2027) and historic data (2017 - 2021)  - Download a Sample Report

Research Analysis

The Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) market in the US has witnessed significant growth, driven by the increasing number of transgender individuals seeking gender dysphoria treatment. This cohort includes transgender males and females, particularly among the young population. Gender dysphoria transition often involves self-identified gender exploration and the pursuit of gender-affirming interventions such as Gender-confirming surgeries and hormone therapy. Gender-affirming surgeries encompass various procedures, including genital reconstructive procedures for transgender males and chest surgery (mastectomy) and facial feminization surgery for transgender females. Clinicians play a crucial role in providing mental health support and guiding patients through the temporal trends of SRS. Hormone therapy and gender-confirming surgeries have become increasingly accepted medical interventions for transgender individuals. The National Inpatient Sample provides valuable insights into the utilization and outcomes of these procedures. Overall, the SRS market continues to expand, reflecting the growing recognition and acceptance of transgender individuals and their unique healthcare needs.

Market Research Overview

The Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) market in the US has been witnessing significant growth due to increasing acceptance and recognition of gender diversity. The market encompasses various procedures such as orchiectomy, vaginoplasty, and phalloplasty, among others. These surgeries aim to help individuals align their physical identity with their gender identity. The market is driven by factors like growing awareness and acceptance of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals, advancements in surgical techniques, and improved access to healthcare. The market also faces challenges like high costs, lack of insurance coverage, and stigma associated with gender diversity. The market is segmented based on procedures, regions, and end-users. The future outlook of the market is promising with increasing acceptance and recognition of gender diversity and advancements in surgical techniques.

Table of Contents:

1 Executive Summary 2 Market Landscape 3 Market Sizing 4 Historic Market Size 5 Five Forces Analysis 6 Market Segmentation

7 Customer Landscape 8 Geographic Landscape 9 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends 10 Company Landscape 11 Company Analysis 12 Appendix

About Technavio

Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focuses on emerging market trends and provides actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions.

With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio's report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning across 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavio's comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.

Technavio Research Jesse Maida Media & Marketing Executive US: +1 844 364 1100 UK: +44 203 893 3200 Email:  [email protected] Website:  www.technavio.com/

View original content to download multimedia: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sex-reassignment-surgery-market-in-us-size-is-set-to-grow-by-usd-125-78-mn-from-2023-2027--increase-in-number-of-people-opting-for-sex-change-surgeries-in-us-to-boost-the-market-growth-technavio-302147931.html

SOURCE Technavio