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Public Administration Dissertations and Final Research Papers

Theses/dissertations from 2017 2017.

Employee Engagement and Marginalized Populations , Brenna Miaira Kutch

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Impact of a State Evidence-Based Practice Legislative Mandate on County Practice Implementation Patterns and Inpatient Behavioral Health Discharge , Carl William Foreman

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

A Case Study of Collaborative Governance: Oregon Health Reform and Coordinated Care Organizations , Oliver John Droppers V

Higher Education Reform in Oregon, 2011-2014: A Policy and Legislative History , Sean Pollack

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

The Institutional Context that Supports Team-Based Care for Older Adults , Anna Foucek Tresidder

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

Attaining a Sustainable Future for Public Higher Education: The Role of Institutional Effectiveness and Resource Dependence , Mirela Blekic

Governance in the United States Columbia River Basin: An Historical Analysis , Eric Thomas Mogren

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Use of Media Technologies by Native American Teens and Young Adults: Evaluating their Utility for Designing Culturally-Appropriate Sexual Health Interventions Targeting Native Youth in the Pacific Northwest , Stephanie Nicole Craig Rushing

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

Oregon Physicians' Perception of the Drug Enforcement Administration's Use of Enforcement Discretion Related to the Use of Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Pain , Robert Dale Harrison

City Management Theory and Practice: A Foundation for Educating the Next Generation of Local Government Administrators , Scott Douglas Lazenby

Theses/Dissertations from 2008 2008

The Institutionalization of Diversity and Gender Equity Norms and Values in Higher Education Settings , Rowanna Lynn Carpenter

Organizational Complexity in American Local Governance: Deploying an Organizational Perspective in Concept and Analytic Framework Development , Charles David Crumpton

Multi-Level Environmental Governance : a Comparative Case Study of Five Large Scale Natural Resource Management Programs , Shpresa Halimi

Police Organizations : an Empricial Examination of American Sheriff's Offices and Municipal Police Agencies , Matthew Adam Jones

Measuring Community-Engaged Departments: A Study to Develop an Effective Self-Assessment Rubric for the Institutionalization of Community Engagement in Academic Departments , Kevin Kecskes

Creating a Theoretical Framework for Understanding Homeland security using Multiple Frame Analysis , Linda Ann Kiltz

Emerging Governance at the Edge of Constrained Federalism : Public Administrators at the Frontier of Democracy , Gary Lloyd Larsen

George Lakoff"s Theory of Worldview : a Case Study of the Oregon Legislature , Catherine Law

Who Benefits? : a Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of Oregon's Volunteer Mentor Program for Postsecondary Access on Scholarship Applicants , Alisha Ann Lund-Chaix

Organizational Change in Corrections Organizations : the Effect of Probation and Parole Officer Culture on Change in Community Corrections , Shea Brackin Marshman

Lost in Translation : Ideas of Population Health Determinants in the American Policy Arena , Maria Gilson Sistrom

Representation without Taxation : China's Rural Development Initiatives For a New Millenium , Minzi Su

How Organizational Arrangements Affect High Reliability in Public Research Universities: Perceptions of environmental Health and Safety Directors , Rita Finn Sumner

The Washington State Patrol, Accountability-Driven Leadership, and the Organizational Factors that Propelled their Success: An Organizational Analysis , Timothy Carl Winchell

Theses/Dissertations from 2007 2007

The Changing Paradigm of Emergency Management : Improving professional development for the Emergency Manager , Robert Edward Grist

Global Civil Society Finding Collective Voice in Diversity , Kristen Marie Magis

Information Technology Training in the Public Sector : Essential Planning Elements , Betty Jean Reynolds

From Prison to the Community : the Role of Citizen Participation in Female Prisoner Reentry , Dana Roderick Torrey

Network Analysis of a Shared Governance System , Debra Reifman Whitall

Theses/Dissertations from 2006 2006

Presidential Values : Implications for Foreign Policy , Jordan Katherine Durbin

The Interactions between Carbon Regulation and Renewable Energy policies in the United Kingdom , Hal Thomas Nelson

Theses/Dissertations from 2005 2005

Reorganizing the Oregon Department of Human Services : an Exploratory Case Study of Organizational Change , Charles Anthony Gallia

Theses/Dissertations from 2003 2003

Portrayals of Disability in the Professional Preparation of Speech-language Pathologists , Jane Eric Sleeper Gravel

Theses/Dissertations from 2002 2002

The Effects of Parent Care and Child Care Role Quality on Work outcomes among dual-earner couples in the sandwiched generation , Angela Rickard

Theses/Dissertations from 2000 2000

The Role and Performance of Governmental and Nongovernmental Organizations in Family Planning implementation : Jordan as a Case Study , Khalaf al Hadded

Theses/Dissertations from 1999 1999

The Value of Independence in Old Age , Paula C. Carder

American Indian Elderly and Long-Term Care : Interorganizational Barriers to the Use of Oregon's Home and Community-Based Medicaid Waiver , Jo Lynn Isgrigg

The Effects of Mentoring on Work-parenting Gains and Strains in a Sample of Employed Predominately Female AFDC Recipients , Charlene Rhyne

Theses/Dissertations from 1998 1998

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Physician Assistants , Roderick Stanton Hooker

Theses/Dissertations from 1997 1997

State Funding for Special Education in Oregon : Calculating Cost Differentials of special education for handicapped students in Oregon school districts , Kyung-Sup Kim

Theses/Dissertations from 1996 1996

Scenery as Policy: Public Involvement in Developing a Management Plan for the Scenic Resources of the Columbia River Gorge , Gordon Mathews Euler

Impact of the Medical Library Assistance Act of 1965 on Health Sciences Libraries in the Pacific Northwest: an Interorganizational Approach , Leonoor Swets Ingraham

Administrative Reform in China: Its Impact on Economic Development After Mao , Meiru Liu

Theses/Dissertations from 1994 1994

Oregon Primary Care Physicians' Support for Health Care Reform , Timothy Alan Baker

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Master in Public Administration Theses

Submissions from 2021 2021.

Implementing Housing First Initiatives and Programs for the Persistently Homeless Individuals and Families in Iredell County, North Carolina , Laketha Bobish

Effective Cognitive Learning Solutions for Special Education Students of NYC Public Schools in Underserved Communities Prepared for: Dr. Sheying Chen Pace University , Nicole N. Garvin

Submissions from 2015 2015

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Social Media by United Way of Westchester and Putnam , Dian Xi and Ziyun Gao

Submissions from 2014 2014

Incentivizing Employees Through Benefits and Recognition Programs at Pace University , Diana Dumitru

Complexity in National Policy Implementation: A Top-Down Look at the Failure of Healthcare.gov , Samuel Fandrich

The Impact of Patient Centered Medical Home on the Patient’s Experience , Courtne Flynn

Health Professionals’ Attitude Towards Substance Abusers : A Part of the Health Professionals’ Value and Belief System Which Prevails in Society , Ana Gotay

Correctional Education: Society Essential for Progressive Growth or a Detrimental Use of Taxpayers Money? , Danilo Guy

Pace University Athletics: Increasing Profitability and Performance , Jhanay Harris

Does Having a Major and Lucrative Sports Arena Improve a Neighborhood’s Economy & Quality of Life? , Natalie Hernandez

How Does Geriatric Care Management Affect Health Outcomes of Geriatric Patients in Hospitals , Elaina Tate

Law Enforcement and Training , Erika Tremblay

Roadmap to Recovery: A Strategic Plan for Westchester County Government to Increase Office Occupancy and Revitalize the I-287 Corridor , Britta Vander Linden

Investigating Stigma Among Public Administration Students , Cora Venson

Submissions from 2013 2013

Evaluation of the Marketing Strategies of the Case Management Society of America , Veronica Chepak

Wireless Cell Towers and Antennae: Municipal and Private Relationship , James M. Collins

The Persistence of Bullying at School and Public Policy Responses: What Ails? , Rajeet Guha

A Youth Revolt: Discerning the Impact of “One-and-Done” Rule On Major Collegiate Championship Teams at the Division I Level , Erik Harris

How Successful was Kickstarter in Raising Funds for Library for All? , Yeerang Jang

Submissions from 2010 2010

New York State and Mid-Hudson Valley Nonprofits: The Impacts of Late Contract Payments , Jodi Fernandes

Submissions from 2009 2009

Venture Philanthropy in 2009: Developments in the Field Since "Virtuous Capital" , Annika Many

Economic Development in Downtown Ossining Since 1969 , Lutonya Russell-Humes

How an Ethnic Store Impacts a Community - The Case of Kam Sen Foods in White Plains , Tiantian Tang

Submissions from 2008 2008

The Relationship of Patient Falls to Prevention Policies in Hospitals: A Case Study , Cornelia Branzan

Artificial Transitive Fatty Acid (TFA) Ban in Restaurants in US Cities: NYC-DOH TFA Ban as a Model for Proactive Public Health Policy , Vidia S. Ramdeen

Health Insurance Policy in New York City and Westchester County , Colin Stone

Environmental Stewardship of the Vermont Ski Industry and the Public's Willingness to Support , Karina V. Warshaw

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Paul H. O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs

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Public Management and Leadership

Our research interests in the field of public management and leadership include:

• The political environment surrounding public organizations
• Public organizations’ relationships with citizens, organized interests, elected officials, legal institutions, private for-profit and not-for-profit organizations and other public organizations
• Government accountability and performance
• The structure and design of public organizations and public policy implementation regimes
• Organizational strategy, decision making and leadership in public organizations
• Public employee motivation, job satisfaction and other work-related attitudes
• Governmental reform and organizational change
• Administrative rule making, policy implementation and service delivery, administrative law, and government procurement and outsourcing

Faculty Members

Lisa Amsler

Distinguished Professor, Keller-Runden Professor of Public Service

Claudia N. Avellaneda

O'Neill Professor; Fischer Faculty Fellow; and Faculty Affiliate to the Ostrom Workshop, the Political Science Department, and the Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CLACS)

Paolo Belardinelli

Assistant Professor

Clinical Associate Professor

Jennifer Brass

Associate Professor

Scott Burgins

Clinical Assistant Professor

Leonor Camarena

Daniel Cole

Sameeksha Desai

Associate Professor; Director, Manufacturing Policy Initiative; Associate Director, Institute for Development Strategies

Aaron Deslatte

Sergio Fernandez

Burnell Fischer

Clinical Professor Emeritus

Beth Gazley

Paul Helmke

Director, Civic Leaders Center; Professor of Practice

Robert S. Kravchuk

Professor Emeritus

Leslie Lenkowsky

Professor Emeritus in Public Affairs and Philanthropic Studies

Deanna Malatesta

Antonette McCaster

Senior Lecturer

Temirlan T. Moldogaziev

Jill Nicholson-Crotty

Professor; Director, Master of Public Affairs Program and O'Neill Online MPA Program

Sean Nicholson-Crotty

O'Neill Professor; Director, Graduate Mentoring Center; Adjunct Professor of Political Science, College of Arts and Sciences

James Perry

Distinguished Professor Emeritus , Chancellor's Professor of Public and Environmental Affairs Emeritus

Orville Powell

Clinical Associate Professor Emeritus

Thomas M. Rabovsky

Kenneth R. Richards

Amanda Rutherford

Daniel Simon

Henry K. Wakhungu

Teaching Professor

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Home > College of Business and Public Administration > Public Administration > Public Administration Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Public Administration Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Theses/projects/dissertations from 2020 2020.

A NEED FOR RICHER PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION , Adam Dallas Levitus

PERCEPTIONS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ASYNCHRONOUS ONLINE DISCUSSIONS AS A SUPPLEMENT TO FACE TO FACE INTERACTIONS: A META REVIEW , Rachel Lisa Worrell

Theses/Projects/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Higher Education Financial Health - A Case Study of the California State University (CSU) , Amber Blakeslee

Theses/Projects/Dissertations from 2018 2018

The 'Lean In' Theory, Validated by Three Supreme Court Justices , Celene Valenzuela

Theses/Projects/Dissertations from 2017 2017

E-GOVERNMENT AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY , Marcos A. Ybarra

Theses/Projects/Dissertations from 2016 2016

The Cost of Earmarks , Nicholis John Zappia

Theses/Dissertations from 2005 2005

The council-manager plan, or, Managing for results?: Profiles and management styles of eight city managers in San Bernardino County , Leatricia Michelle Cash

Achieving effective asset management for water and wastewater utilities: A comparison of policy options for a special district and a medium city , Cari K Dale

An analysis of nitrate contaminated water in Cherry Valley , Adriana Hernandez-Romo

Theses/Dissertations from 2000 2000

A comparative analysis of the California Regional Center: Fair hearing process for individuals with developmental disabilities , Deborah Kay Crudup

The development of California State College in Coachella Valley , Abby Mozoras

Theses/Dissertations from 1998 1998

Crafton Hills College computer hardware/software tracking system , Catherine Pace-Pequeño

Theses/Dissertations from 1997 1997

Municipal layoffs in Southern California: Should seniority outweigh productivity? , Timothy Paul Ousley

Creating a government that works better and costs less: A historical analysis of Civil Service reform , James William Thomas

An analysis of the California State Department of Parks and Recreation's "Quality Management Program" , Celena Turney

The effects of education on the birth rates of "workfare" program participants: Implications for future welfare reform , Bryan Anderson Wing

Theses/Dissertations from 1996 1996

Auditing troubled employees in the public sector , Lila Mehdiyar

The management and regulation of the beneficial use of sewage sludge as an agricultural soil amendment in Riverside County , William Ernst Prinz

Theses/Dissertations from 1995 1995

Implementing total quality management in the public sector , Cynthia J. Lewis

Federal public policy and bilingual education , Dorothy Lewis

Regional planning in Germany , James Walter Morrissey

The Agua Mansa enterprise zone: An empirical analysis , Paul E. Ogu

Theses/Dissertations from 1994 1994

Participative management style in a state transportation agency regional office , Linda Renee Grimes

Intergovernmental fiscal policy in California: The 1993 property tax shift , Lynndee Ann Kemmet

California conservatorships: An examination into ethics, standards, and judical monitoring , Lucille Castillo Lyon

Long range planning at the University of California Riverside: A case study , Janice Jo Martin

Assessment administration for county service areas , Shawn Dwayne Nelson

Alternative dispute resolution and public policy conflict: Preemptive dispute resolution negotiated rulemaking , Allen G. Norman

Strengthening the power of the mayor's office: An examination of the city of Riverside , Michael William Radford

A study of the affirmative action employee selection process in California community colleges , Mary Elizabeth Sampson

Intergovernmental cooperation and coordination at the local government level: The case of economic development in Riverside County , Alozie Donatus Udeh

Theses/Dissertations from 1993 1993

Determining the parks and recreation services of the Fontana community , Mitchell James Assumma

Leadership in local government computer service organizations within the state of California , Robert Benjamin Beavan

A study to determine what factors influence employee sick leave usage in the Riverside County Department of Mental Health Administration , Sally Aguilar Beavan

Wellness programs in police departments and how they effect workers' compensation claims , Herbert G. McKee Jr.

Proposition 111 and congestion management programs: A case of over-bureaucratization , Scott Richard Priester

The assessment of writing ability: A comparative cost effectiveness study of indirect and direct measures , Kristine Marie Smith

Theses/Dissertations from 1992 1992

Police culture, management and public image: Problems in implementing community oriented policing , Kenneth L. Becknell

Leadership in community oriented policing , John H. Boyd

Software pilferage in government agencies , Katherine Marie Foley

The use of privatization in the public sector: A focused study on the Inland Empire , John David Jamerson

Overcoming communications barriers in local government: Establishing networks through the public management forum , Anthony Michael Snoodgrass

Residential fire sprinklers requirement in single and multi-family homes: Survey of attitudes among the citizens of the city of Indio , David Arnold Yegge

Theses/Dissertations from 1991 1991

Analysis of the United States Trustee program , M. Shannon Goetsch

The effect of the 1964 Civil Rights Act on black Americans , Quentin Jamil Moses

A strategic analysis of budgeting for integrated logistical support of defense systems , Bruce Richard Suchomel

Theses/Dissertations from 1990 1990

Computer literacy in master of public administration classes , Penni Kaye Overstreet

Theses/Dissertations from 1989 1989

A case study to identify and evaluate the pricing policy for geothermal energy in the San Bernardino Municipal Geothermal District heating system , Kevin Perry Fisher

A study to determine the feasibility of constructing and operating a student fee funded recreational sports complex for California State University, San Bernardino , Helga Lingren

The role of the chief information officer in the contemporary university , James Jon Scanlon

Theses/Dissertations from 1987 1987

A matching process: More effective placement procedures for court dependent children , Lester M. Kushner

Theses/Dissertations from 1986 1986

The East Mojave National Scenic Area: Multiple use or national park? , Jeanne Hopkins Herr

Norton Air Force Base and San Bernardino: Communities in symbiosis , Clayton H. Snedeker

Theses/Dissertations from 1984 1984

The effects of governmental regulation on research and development in the pharmaceutical industry: An investigation into the relationship between patents, product substitution and regulatory policies , Linda Dianne Acosta

The impact of the Reagan Administration on equal employment opportunity, affirmative action for women and minorities in the public sector , Sandra Lucille Johnson

The Patton project: A demonstration program in deinstitutionalization , Harold Pitchford

The evolution of personality liability for public sector employees , Brian C. Turnbull

Theses/Dissertations from 1983 1983

Recycling the poor laws: A history of welfare, cross-sectional and longitudinal statistical studies concerning general relief policies in California , Carolyn Lea Clark-Daniels

Government administration in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia , George T. Fitzgerald

Controlling the uncontrollables: An examination of the capacity of Congress to reduce government expenditures for entitlements , David Lawrence Horne

Theses/Dissertations from 1982 1982

Regionalization of public service with an emphasis on fire service , Gerald M. Newcombe

Theses/Dissertations from 1981 1981

A model program for the development of humanistic administrative techniques in a California community college , Elaine Francisco-Davis

Theses/Dissertations from 1980 1980

Revenue practices used by California's municipal water districts , John Wesley Gebb

Congressional budget reform , Diane M. Precour

The evaluation of recent public service employment programs , Bruce Rose

Theses/Dissertations from 1979 1979

The accrual method of accounting in the federal government history and analysis , Aly Saleh A. Saleh

The Medi-Cal program , William H. Tillery

Theses/Dissertations from 1978 1978

An investigation to determine the impact of public financing on the Joint Powers Authority , Louis M. Jarcho

A comparative analysis of electric utility ownership in California , Robert E. Tremont

Theses/Dissertations from 1977 1977

A current medical reimbursement practices and prospects for national health insurance , Wallace D. Kinney

Organization closure a study of mobility versus satisfaction , Roy N. Mattke

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Scholarly/Academic & Peer Reviewed Articles

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All About Peer Review

CSUDH Library (2019, October 8). All about peer review [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YH5OgdSW5dU .

Primary vs Secondary Sources

Primary vs Secondary Sources . (2020). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZRxYfWYEBI

Licensed under Creative Commons .

Scholarly (aka academic) articles are written by and for academics, researchers, and experts in the specific topic or broader subject area of the article. Typically involves commercial or professional association publishers.

Peer Reviewed (aka refereed) articles are those scholarly articles which have been reviewed prior to publication by other experts in the topic of the article. Often reviewers are external (not members of the journal's editorial staff or board).

Depending on your specific topic, one of these specialized databases may be helpful. For more online resources in areas such as the environment, education, and health, check out the complete Database List .

Most of these databases focus on academic articles, but some include other types of sources such as book chapters, government reports, and conference proceedings.

• PAIS (Public Affairs Information Service) Index This link opens in a new window Covers all subjects that bear on public affairs and public policy, including the policy-oriented literature of academic social sciences such as economics, finance, law, education, the military, political science, public administration, international law and relations. Indexes publications from and about all countries, PAIS Archive coverage: 1915-1976; PAIS International coverage: 1972-current
• Worldwide Political Science Abstracts This link opens in a new window Provides citations, abstracts, and indexing of the international serials literature in political science and its complementary fields, including international relations, law, and public administration. Dates of coverage: 1975-current
• Military & Government Collection This link opens in a new window Offers current news through a collection of periodicals, academic journals, and other content pertinent to the increasing needs for all branches of the military and government.
• Homeland Security Digital Library This link opens in a new window An open-source collection of documents related to homeland security policy, strategy, and organizational management from a wide variety of sources including federal, state and local governments; international governments and institutions; nonprofit organizations and private entities.
• EconLit with Full Text This link opens in a new window Coverage of over 400 major journals as well as essays, books, book reviews, dissertations, and working papers.
• Sociological Abstracts This link opens in a new window Abstracts and indexes the international literature in sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. The database provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from thousands of serials publications, and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and conference papers. Dates of coverage: 1952-current
• America: History and Life with Full Text This link opens in a new window Index to sources on the history of the United States and Canada from prehistory to the present. Includes book and media reviews and citations to abstracts of dissertations as well as journal article citations. Dates of coverage: 1955-current
• Web of Science This link opens in a new window Facilitates research-level interdisciplinary search. Use the Basic Search to locate articles in high-impact scholarly journals in science, social science, arts, and humanities. Use the unique Cited Reference search for articles that cite an article you already know of, so you can track citations forward in time.

Click on the Check for UNH Full Text icon in the database record to see how to get a copy of the article: whether online, in print or from another library.

If the UNH Library doesn't have the article you want, request it through Interlibrary Loan.

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Contact me!

Tips on Choosing a Topic

Choose a topic.

Choosing a topic does not seem like it should be difficult. Unfortunately, it often is.

Choosing a right topic can often make the entire process much easier. This can be done if you follow these steps.

1. Pick a topic that interests you.

The topics we can choose are often dictated by assignments, classes, professors, etc. But, find a topic you like will make the process more rewarding.

If you have an open-ended assignment, browsing the databases listed below can help you decide on a topic by giving you a jumping off point. They also have the added benefit of suggesting many different resources once your topic is found:

• CQ Researcher This database publishes reports that provide overviewed, background information, opinion pieces, and lots of references for a large collection of topics. A really great place to start, if you aren’t certain what’s out there.
• Opposing Viewpoints in Context Much like CQ Researcher, this database provides overviews, media, background information, and lots of references on specific topics that are known to be in the public eye. A great place to browse for topics, or to find out more about one you’re considering.
• Google News or Yahoo News – specific topics Google or Yahoo news can show you topics that are currently being discussed. It can be a good place to start.

2. Find information on your topic.

You may find a topic like "Obesity" or "Fracking" interesting enough to write about, but not know very much beyond what you've noticed in the news.

That's okay! Even for subjects that you feel that you know a lot about, it's hugely beneficial to get background information. That's where encyclopedias and other reference materials come in. You can use them to discover definitions, general trends, subtopics, and other items of interest about the subject you are interested in. Once this information is gathered, you can use it conduct more effective research.

Didn't think you'd see this here, did you?

Wikipedia is a really good example of a reference source: a place you go when you want to see what something is. Just like many other encyclopedias, it can give you a basic overview, related topics, and even a brief history of your subject. However, because pages can be edited by anyone (your mom, your little brother, your nosy neighbor down the street), there’s a risk that someone has messed around with the information and it’s completely wrong . On top of that, you can’t cite it. So feel free to use it, but make sure you use it wisely.

• Gale Virtual Reference Library (GVR) Imagine this as Wikipedia’s older, more reliable sibling, the one you can count on to not exaggerate or just plain lie. It works the same way, but people who have definitely done their research are the ones writing the entries. What’s more, unlike Wikipedia, most instructors will allow materials from GVR to be cited in your assignment. Information isn’t worth very much if you can’t use it!
• Oxford Reference Online , and Sage Reference Online Just like the GVR, but from different publishers.

Now that you’ve done your background research, your topic should be shaping itself more clearly to you. It can help at this point to create a concept or mind map that demonstrates the interconnected aspects of the topic and how they relate to each other.

It’s now that you need to take the aspects of the topic that are of most interest to you, and form them into a question that your research assignment will answer. This question will guide your research forward, helping you to stay focused and relevant.

3. Create a research question.

When the time comes to do the bulk of your research, three different things can happen with your results.

It’s not pleasant to be on the verge of writing a paper or script, only to find that your topic is too new, obscure, narrow, or broad to find enough supporting research to complete. So it’s important to try it out, and to change your topic, if you find yourself with too many, too few, or irrelevant results.

Some good general tools to try a preliminary search in are:

• LIONSearch This tool is a single interface to the combined resources provided by the Penn State University Libraries. What that means is that LIONSearch covers almost everything that the library has access to, both print and digital collections. The Google of the library, if you will.
• Academic Search Complete Comprehensive scholarly, multi-disciplinary full-text database, with more than 5,300 full-text periodicals - in other words, lots of great stuff!
• The CAT This is the library’s traditional catalog, but it doesn’t only search books. Ebooks, videos, journals, and many other types of media can be found here as well

While you’re searching, if you find a few articles or books that you really like, use the GET IT! button

Example questions might be:

• How has the obesity epidemic affected Native communities in the United States?
• How has the economy of North Dakota been affected by fracking?

As you can see, these questions take specific aspects of the broader topics of “obesity” and “fracking,” and narrows them both into focused queries that a thesis statement then begin to answer.

5. Broaden or narrow your topic as needed.

If during your test search, you found too many or too few results, you may need to either narrow, or broaden your topic to make it more manageable.

• To narrow your topic, consider making it more specific. Focus on one aspect of your topic. This can include geographical area, culture, time frame, discipline, and population group (age, gender, ethnic group, profession, etc).
• To broaden your topic, consider backing away from your more specific descriptors. Topics that are very narrow are often locally confined, recent, or focusing on very specific aspects of a larger whole (eg. Lady Gaga vs. Pop Music). 

If you're having any difficulty with this step, or any other, feel free to Ask a Librarian .

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Public Administration Dissertations and Theses

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Recent Submissions

Street-Level Judgments: How the Role of Judges Influences the Decision to Collaborate in Juvenile Courts 

The Influence of Business Interest Groups in Urban Policymaking: An Empirical Exploration of a Low Salience Policy Setting 

Beyond Adoption: The Influence of Local Institutional Arrangements on Sustainability Policy Implementation and Management 

Three Essays on the Economics of For-Profit Colleges 

What Happens at the Intersection of Policy and Practice? Examining Role Conflict and Professional Alienation of Occupational Therapy Professionals in Complex Environments 

OMBUDS AND TITLE IX COORDINATORS: PROCEDURAL CONVERGENCE OF UNIVERSITY DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR HANDLING SEXUAL MISCONDUCT 

Financial Health of Nonprofit Organizations 

The Effect of Collaboration on Performance in Public Management: Evidence from Community Policing 

Accountability Remade: The Diffusion and Reinvention of Offices of Inspectors General 

Does the Race of Police Officers Matter? Police Officers on Interactions with Citizens and Police Procedures 

Pathways to Change: Explaining the Effectiveness in Community Based Development Organiztions 

Specifying and Testing a Multi-Dimensional Model of Publicness: An Analysis of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities 

FOLLOWING THE LEADER OR LEADING THE FOLLOWER? THE EFFECTS OF MISSION-DRIVEN VS. LEADER-DRIVEN COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION 

Rule Bending and Red Tape: Organizational and Individual Influences and the Effect of Ethical Climate 

COST ACCOUNTING IN US CITIES: TRANSACTION COSTS AND GOVERNANCE FACTORS AFFECTING COST ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENT AND USE 

Sustainable Public Administration: the Search for Intergenerational Fairness 

Administrative morality in Colombia 

Welcoming the Outsider: Local Construction of the Law towards Immigrants 

Public Management as Citizen Compliance: A Case Study of Income Tax Compliance Behavior in Thailand 

Collective Bargaining in Municipal Government: How Unionization Impacts Employee's Attitudes, Behaviors, and Values 

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Offered by the Department of Public Administration and Policy   , School of Public Affairs   , the mission of the PhD program is to educate scholars who produce original research that is methodologically sound, socially relevant, and makes important contributions to knowledge and theory.

Admission to the Program

Applicants are considered and admitted for the fall semester only. January 8 is the deadline for application for admission. All applicants must submit scores for the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). The normal minimum for consideration is a grade point average of 3.20 (on a 4.00 scale) in all previous academic work. Applicants are admitted for full-time study only.

Degree Requirements

• 36 credit hours of approved graduate coursework, exclusive of PUAD-898 Doctoral Continuing Enrollment (1-9)   / PUAD-899 Doctoral Dissertation (9)    
• Minimum 3.20 GPA in all coursework required to remain in good standing and to earn the degree
• Major Fields: Public Administration; Public Policy
• Advancement to the second year of study is contingent upon successful completion of a two-part oral qualifying examination at the end of the second semester of study
• Advancement to candidacy is accomplished by successfully passing a written comprehensive examination in student’s primary field of study
• The PhD is fundamentally a research degree. Understanding scientific inquiry and correctly using research techniques require extensive preparation. All students in the program take required courses designed to help doctoral students comprehend the nature of science and master tools of research (see Course Requirements, below)
• Each student prepares a research proposal for the dissertation project. It is the responsibility of the student to secure the agreement of a School of Public Affairs full-time tenured or tenure-track faculty member to serve as the chair of the dissertation committee. One of the two other members of the committee may be from outside the School of Public Affairs. Each student must publicly defend the research proposal before the dissertation committee and other interested faculty
• The committee and the SPA director of doctoral programs (acting for the dean) must approve the defense and the research proposal. The topic covered by the proposal must be related to ongoing research or publications of the supervising faculty
• As work on the dissertation project progresses, students register for directed study. Substantive coursework may be used as part of this requirement where it contributes directly to the research specialization and is specifically recommended by the dissertation chair
• Upon completion of the research and the written dissertation, the candidate submits the manuscript to the dissertation committee for review. If the committee members approve the manuscript, the candidate must complete an oral defense of the dissertation and the general field in which it lies before the committee and other interested faculty. The committee determines conclusively at this point whether the dissertation and examination are acceptable
• The dissertation must consist of high quality original research directly relevant to the student’s doctoral program. A dissertation proposal may be rejected if the topic does not address a major research issue in political science or public administration, the research design is inadequate, the methodology is inappropriate, or because no full-time tenured or tenure-track faculty member in the School of Public Affairs is academically competent or available to supervise the project. If the candidate fails to maintain satisfactory progress toward completion of the dissertation, candidacy may be terminated

Course Requirements

Major field (18 credit hours).

Complete one of the following major fields, including additional coursework in the minor field:

Public Administration

Required (12 credit hours).

• PUAD-710 Proseminar in Public Administration (3)
• PUAD-714 Seminar in Organization Theory (3)
• PUAD-718 Seminar in Public Management (3)
• PUAD-732 Seminar in Policy Implementation (3)

Public Policy (6 credit hours)

• PUAD-730 Proseminar in Public Policy (3)
• PUAD-770 Economics for Policy Analysis (3)

Public Policy

• PUAD-771 Public Finance and Human Capital (3)

Public Administration (6 credit hours)

Additional seminar.

Complete 3 credit hours from the following: 

Research Design and Methodology (12 credit hours)

• SPA-612 Conduct of Inquiry I (3)
• SPA-613 Conduct of Inquiry II (3)

Additional Methodology

Complete 6 credit hours from the following, or other research methodology courses approved by program coordinator:

• SPA-614 Conduct of Inquiry III (3)
• SPA-615 Conduct of Inquiry IV (3)

Electives (6 credit hours)

• 6 credit hours chosen in consultation with the department

Dissertation

• PUAD-898 Doctoral Continuing Enrollment (1-9)
• PUAD-899 Doctoral Dissertation (9)

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MPA Capstone Projects

Students in the Master of Public Administration program complete a Capstone project or internship as the culmination of their graduate work. 

The MPA Capstone allows students to implement academic insight to practical experience. It is designed to provide students with an opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills developed in the program to real-world situations. The Capstone experience integrates classroom time devoted to discussion about public administration and the understanding students have obtained from their internship or practicum. It may also include guest speakers from the field and professional training and development workshops. Students have completed projects at a variety of local, state, and federal government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and higher education institutions.

2021 MPA Capstone Presentations

Past MPA Capstone Projects

MPA Capstone: Preventative Radiation/Nuclear Detection Program for New Hampshire

Jeff worked as a facilitator with the New Hampshire Department of Safety, Division of Homeland Security & Emergency Management and the US Department of Homeland Security’s Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) to establish a Preventative Radiation/Nuclear Detection program for the State of New Hampshire. Jeff served as the Chairperson on the Executive Steering Committee, consisting of representatives from multiple municipal, state, and federal agencies. Using templates from the DNDO and exemplars from other states, the committee developed a statewide concept of operations specific to New Hampshire’s needs and within the resources available to the state. Beyond the document itself, the end goal is for New Hampshire to be fully engaged in the Global Nuclear Detection Architecture.

MPA Capstone: Strategic Plan for Vetflix INC.

Roy completed his capstone with Vetflix, a non-profit that specializes in enlightening the public on the lives of military service members and veterans. Roy worked with the organization to develop its strategic plan and enhance the overall functioning of the Board of Directors. Roy assisted the Board in defining their organizational profile by clarifying their mission, vision, and values statements. He also led the Board in conducting a gap analysis in order to compare Vetflix’s actual performance with potential and desired performance. This information was used to draft lines of effort, as well as goals and objectives.

MPA Capstone: Environmental Scan of New Hampshire’s LGBTQI Population

Endowment for health/nh alliance for healthy aging.

Nell worked with the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion committee of the NH Alliance for Healthy Aging. Nell conducted an environmental scan to help the committee better understand the context of New Hampshire’s Lesbian, Gay, Bi-Sexual, Transgender, Queer, and Inter-Sexed (LGBTQI) individuals. She synthesized existing research, interviewed key informants to identify recurring themes, and gathered best practices for engaging and including older LGBTQI adults from key stakeholders and leaders in the state, region, and nation. Nell’s work laid the foundation for understanding an entire demographic not previously identified in New Hampshire and will allow the Alliance for Healthy Aging to move forward with its work of engaging this population

MPA Capstone: Police Athletic League Programming in El Salvador

Nh national guard, u.s. embassy of el salvador, and manchester police athletic league.

Daphne worked in partnership with the NH National Guard, U.S. Embassy of El Salvador, and Manchester, NH Police Athletic League to create police athletic league programming for the International Narcotics Unit and the El Salvadoran National Civil Police Unit. Daphne surveyed communities to assess needs and inform the development of programming to rebuild trust between youth and police in impoverished areas that suffer from violent gang activities. By enhancing community policing efforts, Daphne assisted local law enforcement and military personnel in advancing their humanitarian work.

MPA Capstone: Attracting and Retaining Millennials

City of concord, new hampshire.

Gina worked with the City of Concord to help them discover ways to recruit and retain the millennial generation. Working alongside the Human Resource Department, Gina identified challenges such as an aging workforce, the negative stigma of public service, workforce competition, and dated policies. Gina outlined the typical characteristics of millennials and researched the possibility of implementing a Student Loan Repayment Program, various recruitment ideas, engagement strategies, and best practices for attracting millennials to the public sector. Gina presented her findings to the City Manager and Deputy City Managers and put forth recommendations for how the City could adapt its culture to appeal to a millennial audience.

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School of Public Affairs and Administration

Research by students.

Graduate students in the School of Public Affairs and Administration work in a variety of research topics from public administration and policy. A list of recent M.P.A. capstone portfolio completions and Ph.D. dissertation titles is provided below. Other research produced by students individually as well as in collaboration with other students and faculty is not listed here.

Recent and archived doctoral dissertation topics

Hussein N. N. Chalabi  - "Developing a model to measure public sector knowledge management performance using the analytic network processing" (March 2022)

Christopher Surfus, Ph.D. - "Michigan municipal manager perceptions on LGBTQ+ inclusion: A narrative policy framework case study" (June 2021)

Ruth Bates-Hill, Ph.D. - "A study of communication practices between office and field-based personnel in home healthcare agencies" (May 2021)

Michael Mendenhall, Ph.D. - "Considerations for acquiring excess military equipment by police leaders" (May 2021)

Derik Van Baale, Ph.D. - "Ally or enemy: The impact of leadership on United States army combat veterans' deployment experiences who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan (August 2020)

Brandon Koch, Ph.D. - "Increasing odds: The impact of casino gaming size, location, and economic stream style on county revenue in Pennsylvania" (June 2020)

Burak Onur Tan, Ph.D. - "Food insecurity: A closer look at how households cope with food insecurity and how this phenomenon affects their overall health" (June 2020)

Mohammed Aljanahi, Ph.D. - "Leadership, satisfaction, commitment, and turnover intention in the UAE public sector" (December 2019)

Adel H. Aladlani, Ph.D. - "Governance and economic growth in the Arab world: Evidence from panel data analysis" (June 2019)

Li Cheng, Ph.D. - "Are we globalized? Transformative education and internationalization within NASPAA program" (April 2019)

Archived Doctoral dissertation topics

Recent M.P.A. Capstone Portfolio Completion

Note: Transitioned from an analytically-focused project papers into a reflective capstone portfolio

Bradley, Kara -Capstone Portfolio in Nonprofit Leadership and Administration.

Ford, Kevin -Capstone Portfolio in Public Management.

Ngnigone Obiang, Eddie Charlie -Capstone Portfolio in Human Resources Administration.

Schafer, Laura -Capstone Portfolio in Nonprofit Leadership and Administration.

Glasser, Chris -Capstone Portfolio in Public Management.

Johnston, Angel -Capstone Portfolio in Nonprofit Leadership and Administration.

Spring 2023

Bradley, Kara -Capstone Portfolio in Human Resources Administration.

Campbell, William -Capstone Portfolio in Public Policy.

Gardner, Janai -Capstone Portfolio in Health Care Administration.

Hernandez Rovelo, Kathy -Capstone Portfolio in Nonprofit Leadership and Administration.

Pena Cabreja, Daniela -Capstone Portfolio in Nonprofit Leadership and Administration

Rossiter, Thomas -Capstone Portfolio in Joint Degree

Xuereb, Randi -Capstone Portfolio in Health Care Administration.

Archived project paper list

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Current Trends and Issues in Public Administration

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By Matt Rowley Posted on April 26, 2022

U.S. public agencies at the federal, state and local levels – and governments across the world – have reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic in various ways. Public administration professionals are navigating through the heavy economic and social pressures they’ve faced since the start of the pandemic, and they’ve learned about the need for flexibility and adaptability within multi-level governance systems.

Although the pandemic has caused many issues and challenges in public administration, there are also other trends worth monitoring. In this article, we explore eight current trends and issues in public administration, including those directly connected to the pandemic and those that aren’t.

1. Increased Digital Governance

The complications of the COVID-19 pandemic have ushered in the next generation of government digitization . For many public agencies, digital transformation went from "good to have" to "must-have." Governments have sped their digital journey along three important dimensions to accommodate the spike in service demand while working virtually:

• Building a more digitally-skilled staff.
• Growing their digital infrastructure.
• Investing in citizen connection.

2. Improved Data Management

Within and beyond government, data is becoming increasingly important. Public agencies are developing new ways to maximize the value of the data they have, including sharing it correctly and ethically. The trend toward fluid, dynamic data is transforming how government and its partners in academia, charities and the commercial sector utilize and exchange data around the world.

This can include repurposing data to acquire fresh insights into the past and present, as well as making informed projections about the future. Organizations can create programs that are based on an intelligence architecture. Past performance, along with real-time data, can help public administration officials make better decisions for the future.

3. Anticipatory Public Services

Citizens are increasingly receiving tailored, seamless and proactive services in their daily lives, and they expect the same from government entities. For example, state and local agencies are exploring the increased use of digital tools – such as automated text message reminders – when administering the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children.

In order to transform their services and realize this idea of seamless service delivery , governments are pursuing several strategies, such as:

• Committing to entirely digital services.
• Constructing infrastructure to enable such seamless services.
• Establishing proactive services based on life events.

4. Comprehensive Cybersecurity Measures

With government agencies investing more in digitization – including more efforts in using data and anticipatory services – cybercriminals now have more potential targets in the public sector. Improving the nation’s overall cybersecurity is a national priority , as a single cyberattack on one government target can pose a danger to a whole industry or sector. Government officials are working to break down internal silos, identify vulnerabilities, and employ skilled cybersecurity professionals at all levels.

5. Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

Another concern related to increased digitization and data usage is ensuring that government agencies also prioritize diversity, equity and inclusion. Responsible organizations are now concentrating more on the underlying causes of systemic inequalities and examining how their policies are produced, implemented and reviewed. Some of the approaches being used are:

• Accessible design of government services.
• Co-creation and citizen engagement.
• Data sovereignty and equity.
• Equitable access to public goods.

6. Flexible and Remote Workplaces

Organizations are rethinking how to carry out their missions. The pandemic brought the future of government employment into the present, from remote labor to telemedicine and online classrooms. This direction coincides with the rise of flexible and remote workplaces , including methods for managing a distributed workforce and providing high-quality citizen services remotely.

7. Agile Administration

Again, the COVID-19 pandemic underlined the importance of rapid, flexible and mission-driven governance, and public administration offices across the globe have demonstrated that they are up to the task. Government entities must be able to make quick judgments and move ahead with confidence, especially during emergencies . Policymaking, legislation, procurement and the workforce are all examples of where this is needed.

8. Rebuilding Government Trust

In the U.S., trust in the government has hovered near historic lows for years. One of the keys to rebuilding this trust is understanding that “the government” is not one entity; it’s composed of many different agencies that fulfill different roles and offer different services.

Deloitte Insights, a global research agency, proposed the following six “ archetypes ” of government agencies, each with their own set of considerations and strategies for restoring trust:

• Educator: Impart knowledge, skills and resources to inform, influence or drive an outcome (example: Census Bureau).
• Enforcer: Enforce rules and regulations by detecting wrongdoing and enacting consequences (example: law enforcement agencies).
• Innovator: Drive new ways of thinking and doing or support the innovation of others through investment (example: NASA).
• Regulator: Develop rules and regulations that effectively deter undesired or illegal behaviors (example: Food and Drug Administration).
• Retailer: Offer goods and services to external customers or staff in a competitive environment (example: U.S. Postal Service).
• Retailer-Like: Provide a service, often for a fee, but no competitive alternative exists (example: Department of Motor Vehicles).

Government agencies can identity their archetype, focus on their public perception, study what has worked for other agencies within their archetype, and build strategies to strengthen their perception. It can be a complicated challenge, but rebuilding government trust is possible.

Education in Public Administration

In addition to following new trends in public administration and developing your key skills , advancing your education with a degree in public administration can also be helpful for your career.*

Here at Columbia Southern University, we offer an online Master of Public Administration , including concentrations in criminal justice and emergency services management . To learn more about our online degree programs at the associate, bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral levels, visit our website .

*Multiple factors, including prior experience, geography and degree field, affect career outcomes, and CSU does not guarantee a job, promotion, salary increase, eligibility for a position, or other career growth.

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[100+] Public Administration Research Topics With Free [Thesis Pdf] 2023

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MPAD 6125: Quantitative Research Methods in Public Administration

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Master of Public Administration

• Graduate Programs |

Choose to make a difference.

The Master of Public Administration degree will provide you with the applied skills needed to succeed in today’s workforce. You will be prepared to lead and grow in your career through a solid grounding in the study of public policy, economics, management and data analysis.

MPA Program Modalities

Mpa core curriculum.

The MPA curriculum is 52 total credit hours. Core coursework (32 credit hours) is designed to provide students a solid grounding in the study of public policy, economics, management and data analysis. MPA students often complete core coursework during the first year of study. During year two, students are able to specialize coursework through skills courses, electives and a Capstone course . (Courses may not be offered every term.)

Explore Sample Course Syllabi

Find More Curriculum Information on the MPA Advising Page

Public Policy Stream

PUBAFRS 6000 – Public Policy Formulation and Implementation

Analysis of the operating environment of the public administrator: public policy processes, public organization behavior and policy formulation in the U.S. federal system.

PUBAFRS 6010 – Legal Environment of Public Organizations

Examination of public administration within the managerial, political and legal traditions of the U.S. Constitution with the goal of teaching public managers how to work with the law through an understanding of legal concepts, jargon, skills and issues. The course covers federal and Ohio law

Economics Stream

PUBAFRS 6030 – Public Sector Economics

Economic analysis applied to problems of public policy selection and government management operations; efficiency criteria, market failure and public choice applied to administrative decision-making.

PUBAFRS 6040 – Public Budgeting and Finance

Comprehensive survey and analysis of the principal fiscal activities of contemporary governments; logic of public-sector activity; taxation principles and practice, intergovernmental relations and current fiscal problems. Budgeting as analysis of resource allocation, planning evaluation and control; tools of analysis for program budgeting and measurement of program results; case studies. Prerequisite: PUBAFRS 6030

Management Stream

PUBAFRS 6060 – Managing Human Resources in Public Organizations

Development of analytic and interpersonal skills needed for public sector management. Analytical and experiential learning through reading, lecture, discussion, case analysis, in-class presentations, management decision-making simulations and role-playing.

Choose one:

• PUBAFRS 6050 – Managing Public Sector Organizations Analysis of alternative approaches to the management of public agencies. Examination of alternative strategies that managers may use to link the agency to its operating environment.
• PUBAFRS 7553 - Nonprofit Management and Governance  An advanced survey course on nonprofit management and governance, with a concentrated focus on managing the external environment and evaluating nonprofit capacity for organizational performance and social impact.

Decisions Support Systems Stream

PUBAFRS 6070 – Public Affairs Statistics

Techniques and statistics used in the analysis of public policy issues and problems

PUBAFRS 6080 – Public Affairs Program Evaluation

Survey of the conceptual, methodological, bureaucratic, political and organizational issues surrounding evaluation research. Prerequisite: PUBAFRS 6070

Delivery, Preparation and Work Experience

Program delivery.

This accredited master's degree program is now offered in-person and online. 

• In-Person: No more than one core or elective course can be taken online per term. Availability of online coursework is not guaranteed.
• Online: Majority of coursework must be completed online. 

Learn more about the MPA-DC program.

Sample 2-Year, Full-Time Program Plan

This is a sample plan. Courses and timing are subject to change.

• PUBAFRS 6000: Public Policy Formulation and Implementation (4)
• PUBAFRS 6030: Public Sector Economics (4)
• PUBAFRS 6070: Public Affairs Statistics (4)
• PUB AFRS 6500: (skills) Written and Oral Communication (2)
• PUBAFRS 6010: Legal Environment of Public Organizations (4)
• PUBAFRS 6040: Public Budgeting and Finance (4)
• PUBAFRS 6080: Public Affairs Program Evaluation (4)
• Elective (3 credits each)
• Skills course(s) (1 credit each)
• PUBAFRS 6050: Managing Public Sector Organizations (4) OR PUBAFRS 7553: Nonprofit Management and Governance (4)
• PUBAFRS 6060: Managerial Leadership in Public and Nonprofit Organizations (4)
• PUBAFRS 79__: Capstone course (3)

Review the MPA Advising Page for more information on curriculum and course requirements  including prerequisite information and elective, skills and capstone course options.

Sample Part-Time Program Plan

• Skills course (1 credit each)

Preparation for Program

Students are expected to be familiar with basic concepts of statistics and economics, and knowledgeable about the workings of the U.S. government. Undergraduate courses in microeconomics, statistics and government are strongly recommended. 

Students are also required to have completed a four-year undergraduate degree from an accredited institution to enroll, with a minimum GPA of 3.0. If you do not meet the minimum requirements set by the university, but would still like to apply, contact the Glenn College to discuss additional options.

Work Experience

Most of our MPA students work 20 hours per week in addition to the full-time curriculum.  The Glenn College Career Services staff is available to help students seeking options for gaining work experience while obtaining their master’s degree.

Before applying

Complete our Inquiry Form : Introduce yourself to the Glenn College admissions team, express interest in our programs, and receive additional information about the Glenn College experience and offerings.

Review the step-by-step instructions for applying below, which include important deadlines and other required materials.   PLEASE NOTE: the deadline below is the date in which all application materials must be received including online application form, resume, statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, test scores (if applicable) and transcripts. Applications that are not entirely complete by the date set below will not be reviewed.

Application Deadlines:

• Autumn applicants who apply after the Dec. 1 priority deadline may still be considered for scholarships based on strength of application and availability of funding.
• Final: April 15 (international) or June 15 (domestic)
• Spring start: Sept. 1 (international) or Nov. 1 (domestic)

Students interested in MPA-DC are strongly advised to apply by the Glenn College’s priority deadline of December 1st. After the priority deadline, applications for MPA-DC will be considered on a space-available basis.

Application and Fees

There is one application for online and in-person modalities. After admission to the program, students will be given the option to enroll as an online or in-person student.

Program Code:  PUBADM-MPA

The status will first become available two to three days after your application is received. Visit the Applicant Center   to check the status of your application during the admissions process.

Application Fee:

• $60 for domestic applicants
• $70 for international applicants
• This fee is nonrefundable

University Application Fee Waivers (U.S. applicants only)

If you feel you qualify for an application fee waiver based on your participation in any of the diversity initiatives through the Graduate School Program or Ohio State’s Office of Diversity and Inclusion, or if you feel you qualify because of economic hardship, please select the appropriate box(es) under the application fee waiver section of the online application. 

• You must submit proof in order to qualify for an application fee waiver. 
• Qualifying criteria are listed on the Graduate Admissions webpage.
• You cannot submit your online application until your application fee waiver request is approved or your application fee is paid. You will be notified if your application fee waiver request is not approved, at which time you should return to the online application and submit the application fee.

Tuition and Funding

We seek to control cost, increase aid for low- and moderate-income families and enhance programs that support success in and out of the classroom. Ohio State is committed to making an excellent college education more accessible and affordable for Buckeyes everywhere.

University Tuition 

College and University Funding Information

Ohio State's ScholarshipUniverse

Statement of Purpose & Resume/CV

Indicate your academic and career goals, your interest in the John Glenn College of Public Affairs, and how your education and work experience qualify you for admission. There is no length requirement for the personal statement. *If you are an internal transfer student who started an Ohio State degree that you do not plan to complete before entering the Glenn College, please describe why you do not plan to complete your current degree (e.g., unable to pass qualifying exams, change in research interests), and why you think that the Glenn College is a better fit.

Resume or CV:  Be sure to include work experience, volunteer activities, academics and professional honors, honorary societies, extracurricular activities, offices held, any publications and other significant activities.

Letters of Recommendation

Three letters of recommendation are required and should reflect the academic and, if relevant, job capability and experiences of the applicant. The letters should speak to the applicant’s ability to excel in an academic professional program. 

Requirements:

• Letters must be submitted electronically using the  online application  (select “Public Policy and Management”).
• While completing your online application, please provide your recommender’s name and email address. The Office of Graduate & Professional Admissions will send an email to the recommenders instructing them to complete a short assessment and upload a PDF recommendation letter. 
• Inform your letter writers that they will receive an email from Ohio State once you submit the online application. It is the responsibility of the applicant to make sure letters of recommendation are completed by posted deadlines. 
• If recommenders experience difficulties accessing the link or using the online system, please contact the Office of Graduate & Professional Admissions directly at  [email protected] .
• Letters of recommendation sent directly to the Glenn College will not be accepted.

Transcripts

Upload transcripts from  ALL  of the universities and colleges you attended with your online application as an attachment. 

• Transcripts are required, even for classes transferred from another institution, including classes attended during high school or completed through a study abroad program.
• Transcripts are not required for coursework completed at Ohio State. 
• Submit copies (front and back) of official transcripts. Please submit only scanned images of official transcripts issued by your institution’s registrar. Ohio State will not accept web reports, advising reports, self-reported scores or transfer credit on another school’s transcript.

Transcripts submitted with the online application are considered unofficial and, if admitted, you will be required to submit an official set of transcripts with statement of degree (if appropriate) prior to enrolling at Ohio State.

Test Scores

GRE Scores are no longer required for any applicant to a master's level program at the John Glenn College of Public Affairs. Applicants with a GPA that fall below a 3.0 are encouraged to contact the Glenn College  for further direction in strengthening their application.

Official GRE Codes:

• Institution Code: 1592
• Department Code: 2204

International Students:

• International students must submit TOEFL or IELTS test scores; scores should be above the equivalent of a TOEFL iBT Total Score of 100 for consideration .

All test scores (if needed), including GRE and English proficiency, must be sent directly to Graduate Admissions .  The proof of English proficiency requirement is handled by the Office of Graduate and Professional Admissions. You can find out more information, including potential exemptions to this requirement, on their International Additional Requirements to Apply webpage.

Attend an Information Session

If you're considering a master's degree at the John Glenn College of Public Affairs, we encourage you to attend one of our upcoming graduate information sessions. Our team will discuss our degree programs, student benefits and the application process.

We invite you to attend an information session. If you're unable to attend, click the "Connect with Us" button above to learn more about how to get in contact to learn more about our graduate programs. Please register by selecting the preferred date and  note all times are for the Eastern time zone (Ohio). We hope to see you there!

Virtual Information Sessions via Zoom:

• Monday, May 20, 2024 at 12:30pm

Live, learn and work in Washington while earning your degree.

The Glenn College MPA-DC program allows you to complete your MPA while gaining professional experience in the nation's capital. 

We're here to help.

198 Public Administration Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best public administration topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on public administration, 📌 most interesting public administration topics to write about, ⭐ simple & easy public administration essay titles, 📑 good research topics about public administration, ❓ public administration essay questions.

• Benefits and Problems Associated With New Public Management to Public Administration in Relation to Policies The attempts of NPM to renovate the public sector through the use of managerial reforms that stress on improved productivity with regards to significance, quality of service offered to the public and efficiency does not […]
• Planning for Public Administration It is accorded dominance with the reason that it is the first role that is performed and its outcomes are the plans that dole out as the direct for the actions of staff members.
• Public Administration as an Academic Discipline As an academic discipline, public administration refers to the study of the development and implementation of such policies with the aim of enabling scholars to understand and apply such knowledge to their daily undertakings in […]
• Contributions of Max Weber’s Bureaucracy to Public Administration It will be argued in the discussion that the approach is characterized by hierarchical distribution of power and authority in both public and private sector organizations.
• Why Study Public Administration? However, in order to qualify to be a public administrator in most senior posts in the government, one must possess a minimum of a master’s degree in public administration or business administration. In some cases, […]
• Public Administration: The Ethical Challenges This case study of craftsmanship inspects the ethical implication of integrating the same principles of cultivating virtue and embracing collective values.
• Public Administration: Functions, Problems, and Educational Requirements With the help of such definition, it is not that difficult to identify the functions of public administration and clear up what the role of attorneys and prosecutors for society are.
• Ethics in Public Administration The most convincing argument that proves that the new public management model does not pose a direct threat to the integrity of organizations deals with corruption.
• Diversity in Public Administration The following are the specific questions that the researcher seeks to answer through this study: How does a lack of diversity play a role in limited representation in public administration in the country?
• Public Administration in the United States When the government is involved directly, it employs public members to serve as employees for the benefit of the general population, while indirect involvement of the government would be when the government hires private contractors […]
• Public Administration Ethical Dilemma and Theories Smith should take the responsibility of ensuring that the needs of the majority are upheld since the welfare of the community, and the organization is of importance.
• Public Administration and Administrative Law The laws of the land define boundaries in which public administrators offer guidance, as well as the roles of the citizens in the decision making process.
• Disciplines of Public Administration and Public Policy Kettl and Fessler, note that public administration is a secondary field branching from the discipline of political science One of the major reasons for creating a separate discipline of public administration and graduate schools of […]
• Public Personnel Administration’s Legal Challenges A credit is given to the public in the current society that has raised the bar for policymakers to perform a high level of productivity and quick actions in the public administration.
• Professionalism and Ethics in Public Administration It is important to note that not always the practice of public administration focus on profits but the good of the public is always a mandatory interest of the practitioners of public administration.
• Centralia Mine Disaster and Public Administration Failure Scanlan, who was the district inspector at the time, identified the hazards surrounding the coal mines and reported his findings about a possible explosion to other relevant professionals. Scanlan should not have taken heed to […]
• Culture and Public Administration Relationship in Canada Organizations in Canada can be characterized as ones who base their development on the principles not of the strong hierarchy and centralization, but on the possibilities for the communication and interaction on all the levels […]
• Effective Public Administration Personnel Public administration is concerned with the implementation of government policies and management of the behavior of non-elected officials before they are inaugurated to work in the public service.
• Public Administration: Inferential Statistics RQ2: What is the effect of rule-following leadership on PSM and employee performance? RQ3: What is the effect of political loyalty leadership on PSM and employee performance?
• Public Administration Policies The response of public administration to the various social needs of the government has been effective, but what emerges from analysis of the concept of public administration is that choice of particular public policy is […]
• Public Administration: Conceptual Study The Philadelphia Municipal Wireless Network is a perfect example of the initiative that involves ‘collaborative public management’ with the interest of the public, private sector and the economy as a whole to benefit.
• Public Administration It is worth noting that such government operations determine the extent of success of the plans put in place to meet the needs of the public.
• Accountability in Public Administration A consideration is also given to discuss the people whom public officials are accountable to, and the most effective means of ensuring a balance between the demands for accountability and the need to have high-performing […]
• Public Administration Study: Research Methodology Hypothesis two would be: some sections of the government Laws are not clear to allow non-profit organizations participation in the policy-making process.
• New Technologies and Globalization: Public Administration The continual growth and implementation of e-government and especially e-democracy has proven to be instrumental in governance in the current age.
• Public Administration Definition Some of the views can still be reconciled; for instance, it is claimed that public administration is primarily related to the executive branch of government, at the same time being related to the other two.
• Ethics in Public Administration: Duncan Hunter’s Case Misuse of public funds due to personal and greedy intentions at the expense of the society that has entrusted you as a public administrator or a representative is a move that contradicts administration ethics.
• The U.S. Researched Public Administration Case Study It is essential to note that social inequity, in particular, challenges the ethical values and moral code of residents of the United States and the entire planet from the point of view of discrimination and […]
• Public Administration in Denmark The overarching goal of the digitalization process described in the case study was to improve the communication among the vital stakeholders, directly connecting politicians and citizens.
• Pro-Social Rule-Breaking in Public Administration This paper, therefore, discusses pro-social rule-breaking, when it is ethical for public administrators to dissent, and some of the problems it might cause.
• Public Administration: Theory and Practice To avoid mistakes and differences of opinion, the application of adequate theoretical and practical methods is an essential attribute of successful work. The relevance of administration in the public sphere is due to a number […]
• Implementation of Diversity, Equity & Inclusion in Public Administration In public administration, the term diversity, equity, and inclusion refers to programs and policies which encourage the participation and representation of distinct groups of people by considering the inclusion of distinct races, religion, age, culture, […]
• The Standard Deviation in Public Administration The standard deviation is the measure of dispersion that indicates the closeness of the data cluster to the mean. In general, it is defined as “the number of standard deviations a score of interest lies […]
• Forum: The Future of Public Administration Despite changes to labor costs and protections, it is fair to anticipate governmental agencies in the U.S.to be model employers. Therefore, despite extra expenses and changes to protections, expecting agencies in the U.S.government system to […]
• Public Administration Challenges and Societal Changes A societal change in the quality of life is most likely to happen, and the public administration’s task is to strengthen socially significant development.
• Public Administration: The Rational Model Consequently, it leads to the limitation of the scientific and societal views on the role and character of the individual in society to their industrial function and the connivance of their rights and freedoms in […]
• Gender Discrimination in Public Administration The subject of the dispute and the statement of claim was the vacancy of a traffic controller, which was initially offered to Johnson, but then, as part of the program, the place was given to […]
• How Political Ideas Impact Public Administration The government and its citizens uphold the rule of law; therefore, everybody is equally accountable to the country’s laws as outlined in the constitution.
• Improving Public Administration in the US In contrast to NPR, the main focus of this research is on social issues and a general retrospective on the long-lasting consequences of the crisis at the beginning of the 21st century.
• Evaluation of Agency’s Public Personnel Administration It is intended to maintain the competitive employment marketplace, prevent violation of the mentioned provisions, and ensure that HR professionals are in the best position to comply with the hiring practices of a particular company.
• Non-Profit Organizations and Public Administration However, by involving non-profit organizations in the public administration system, the government aims to reduce its visible participation in the scopes of economics and politics. However, it results in corruption and various manipulations due to […]
• Public Administration in the Progressive Era In the context of this video lies the idea that progressives fought for the rights of certain groups of people who were once deprived of them, the struggle for justice and for the eradication of […]
• Public Administration: Presenting the Future of Healthcare In the U.S. the administrative political system has one of the highest numbers of veto points, which combined with ideology makes healthcare policy exceptionally slow.
• “Repositioning American Public Administration?” by Durant & Ali First of all, Durant and Ali make two major points about the American public administration system: that it was designed in a way that facilitates estrangement in the early 20th century and that later attempts […]
• Public Administration: Progressive, Associational, and Polycentric Reforms One of the strongest points in the article is the authors’ intentions to describe the tendencies, but not to demonstrate their own opinions and attitudes to the approaches.
• Popularity of Quantitative Methods in Public Administration For investigation of the attitude of the respondents to the educational reforms, it is necessary to include different types of questions into the list to be answered.
• Structure of Public Administration After the elections, vested interests resume control of the government, greatly reducing the number of policies passed with the interest of the electorate.
• United Arab Emirate Education: Public Administration Challenges The United Nations is trying to address the issue of Higher Education provision in the United Arab Emirates. To meet this issue perfectly, a simultaneous approach is necessary to identify and address relevant issues within […]
• Ethics in Public Administration: Company vs. City The interested list in the Woodbee development plan is the people who are the residents who will be the major beneficiary of the jobs created by the company.
• Leadership Evolution in Public Administration The economic power of the empire was strengthened through control of most of the land; which acted as isthmus connecting two continents providing a strategic geographical position for trade; making him an icon of religion […]
• Public Administration: Unemployment Economic Impact The “official” unemployment rate is released by the U. S government is not a correct reflection of the actual state of unemployment in the nation.
• Public Administration Role in Developing Countries: Mozambique The article has been keen to mention that, today, it is the overall duty for all the economists, accountants and even the dealing with public administration, especially with debt management and forecasting to come up […]
• The Impact of Political and Economic Forces on Public Program Administration Political forces are the pressure groups that constitute the different organizations that are involved in the agreement and transactions of the political affairs of the society in question; personalities that participate in the running of […]
• Public Administration and Bureaucracy Three decades ago, political theories of political control of bureaucracy underwent complete transformation; shifting from the paradigm that emphasizes the extreme difficulty with which electoral institutions have in controlling the massive powers of the federal […]
• Public Administration Activity: Nation Building This paper will therefore discuss the process of nation building in countries and the consequences faced by the countries where nation building is not a success.
• Problems in Public Administration The described case reveals the significant demerit in the system of public administration, as the scheme of rank transfer is absolutely incomplete, as the reconfirmation and the appointment of the other person on the heading […]
• The Public Administration Evaluation Process Second, the rising awareness of the ‘human feature’ of administration is an area of interest in public administration because the administration is concerned with the behaviors of people in the public environment and the psychology […]
• Participatory Approach of Public Administration Through Social Media in the UAE The present report outlines the major components of a proposed study on the current state of social media integration in the public sector of the United Arab Emirates and the evaluation of their actual and […]
• Budgeting, Public Administration and Social Security The amount of resources available to any individual organization is finite, which calls for financial management and budgeting activities. The functions of budgeting in these organizations are as follows: Prioritization and allocation of available financial […]
• Public Administration and Core Values The author has organized his paper as a set of questions that seek to address this matter in a comprehensible way.
• Public Administration and Emerging Problems While sharing a meal with the Canadian Prime Minister and other guests, he spots the Prime Minister eating a camembert cheese and uses that to criticize the role of the Minister of health in intending […]
• Political Regimes and Public Administration in Canada The better parts of the legislatures are inflexible but permit very little flexibility from the prevailing regime sources such as the military and churches.
• Public Administration Ethical Issues: Fire Service In the course of the investigation, we come to the conclusion that regardless of the fact that the fire departments work and the public of administration are given significant attention, there are still such problems […]
• Public Administration Reforms in the United Arab Emirates From the standpoint of public administration, the adoption of e-government is now an inevitable and unquestioned objective because it signifies a shift towards a new, customer-oriented management paradigm and has the goal of reducing costs […]
• Ethica Behavior and Trust in Public Administration The hierarchy of ethics refers to a set of principles that govern decision-making and operations in the public sector. The administrators have to guarantee that they safeguard public property and exercise their powers in line […]
• Non-Profit and Public Administration Organizations The following literature review explores the evidence of the relevance of the approach for non-profit and public administration organizations, reviews the current methods of assessment, looks into the role of IT as a factor, and […]
• Public Administration Theories and Approaches Any profession can be related to public administration in case it is associated with the provision of public services and networking.
• Recreation Zones and Public Administration Issues The recreation and parks department, the functions of which the committee is going to limit, should be defended by the public. I guess that people should not be deprived of the opportunity to participate in […]
• Public Administration: Reducing the Number of Prison Inmates Therefore, there is an urgent need to consider the adoption of the strategies that will help reduce the overcrowding rates so that the threats associated with the phenomenon ) could be avoided successfully.
• Government’s Role in Healthcare Financing: Public Health Financing and Administration The paper discusses the historical background of healthcare financing and the roles of the government in allocating resources. The role of the government comes in to redistribute resources carefully to balance the economic and social […]
• Public Administration Model in the UAE It can be assumed that the current situation concerning the threat of a culture clash and the assimilation of the UAE people to the European and American cultural standards represents the major hindrance to the […]
• Public Administration Theories in the UAE Context Public administration theories and claims that are important to be discussed in the context of the development of the public sector in the U.A.E.are associated with privatisation or contracting out and with the improvement of […]
• Public Administration: Bertelli’s and Riggs’ Views In this kind of oversight, members of the public, the media and other interest groups ensure that elected officials offer desirable services by constantly reporting on elements of their performance that do not meet expectations.
• The UAE’s Public Administration System The UAE is one of the most developed countries of the East that is why it is possible to analyze it.
• Culture Clash in the UAE’s Public Administration In other words, an impressive culture clash can be observed within the realm of the UAE public administration and is to be resolved as soon as possible so that the residents of the state could […]
• Legal Change in Public Safety Administration In 1970, the Congress enacted the Clean Air Act as the first significant federal environmental laws to ensure clean air. The law allows the Environmental Protection Agency to introduce the National Ambient Air Quality Standards […]
• William Deming’s Contribution to Public Administration A significant argument made by Deming was that “85% of the problem is in the system and 15% in the people”.
• Public Administration: Community Projects When the government came to renovate the community project, none of the community members was involved in the renovation process. Government’s failure to involve community members in the renovation process led to building a facility […]
• Public Administration: Union Gospel Mission Apart from collecting donations from well-wishers and churches to feed, cloth and provide shelter for thousands of the poor people, the Union Gospel Mission of Vancouver’s program can be redesigned in such a way that […]
• Public Administration: Fire Department in America Through the modernization of fire-fighting equipment and the emerging need to have state-funded firefighting departments, Boston emerged as the first city in America to have a state-funded firefighting department.
• Public Administration: National Park Service The rangers of all times had the same basic functions and purposes to protect and patrol the lands belonging to their country. The task of the National Park Service is to preserve the beauty of […]
• Public Administration: Homeless in Phoenix Various models have been adopted to eradicate the problem, but the general formula to control the issue has been through the exclusion of the homeless from the main city as lepers into the territorial confinement […]
• Public Administration Theories The most important theories in the field of Public Administration have their foundation in the areas of bureaucracy as well as epistemological issues related to the academic and profession in the public service.
• Public Administration in Theory Public administration theorists noted that it was crucial to analyze a variety of aspects to be able to come up with effective strategies to make the government effective.
• Public Administration Operations The state legislature merit program is an effective approach to allocating awards; this means that the terms of allocating the awards should be specific when outlining the criteria for those who qualify for the merit […]
• Influence of Government Paradigms on Public Accountability: Public Administration and Network Governance The focus of public administration on adoption of mechanisms for ensuring that government is accountable to the client underlines the change of public administration systems from being bureaucratic.
• Public Administration Issue: Police Brutality The trend is ongoing and is not expected to end any time soon because of the social structure and the culture that does not value the contributions of minorities and people of color.
• Public Administration: Anthony Downs, Aaron Wildavsky and Herbert Kaufman It is necessary to point out that Downs contributed greatly to the development of the public administration theory as he revealed major stages of bureaus existence.
• Public Administration: Solutions for a Crisis Situation The use of this approach could be beneficial for the department in question as it would lead to the necessary change and creation of the appropriate atmosphere.
• Period of Change for the US Public Administration To sum up, it is possible to note that Katz and Kahn were some of the most influential theorists of public administration in the 1960-1970s.
• Development of the Theory of Public Administration He noted that it was essential to analyze the process of decision-making to enable public administrators to function effectively. It was acknowledged that public administrators needed motivation and leadership to ensure effective work of the […]
• Post-War Public Administration Theorists Post-war period can be regarded as the time when theorists of public administration rejected scientific methods and strategies to enhance effectiveness of the US government. The theorist noted that business management can be used in […]
• Theories of Public Administration Essay In the middle of the twentieth century, sociologists and theorists of public administration focused on imperfections of the government. Maslow contributed greatly to the development of public administration.
• Public Administration Between the 1930s and 1950s One of the most significant theorists that contributed greatly to the development of the field of public administration was Luther Gulick.
• Weekly Journal: Public Administration Thus, Wilson, Goodnow, Addams and Taylor are some of the most influential theorists who made a profound contribution to the development of the public administration.
• Public Administration: Government and Governance The three arms of the government have the responsibility of managing the affairs of the country. The main aim of the three arms of the government is to offer checks and balances to avoid cases […]
• Communication in Public Administration System The channels used in communication process in the public administration system vary depending on the total number of population it connects to the information flow character. The process of managing communication in public administration has […]
• The Contributions of Anthony Downs’ “The Inside of Bureaucracy” to Public Administration Bureau-Structure goals: entails the values of officials with regard to the design of constitution of the bureaus to which the officials belong4.
• DOD Policy on Social Media Concerning Military Members and Government Public Administration In the current era of digital technology, the government has a duty of ensuring that the department of defense policy on social media addresses the use of invented technologies of communication within and outside the […]
• Public Administration and E-Government The shift towards e-government has altered the structure of governments, the mode of government information transmission and decision making processes. Through benefits associated with e-governments; better, reliable, accurate and timely information and communication is spread […]
• Theory Critique of Bureaucratic Politics on Public Administration and Public Policy: Rational choice theory In the rational voting model, voters with social preferences, it is argued that the expected utility of voting is independent of the size of the electorate.
• Public Administration as an Interdisciplinary Field: Assessing Its Relationship With the Fields of Law, Management, and Political Science Bradley Wright, the author the article, provides both theoretical and practical views on the discussed issues to understand the influence of other disciplines on public administration.
• Article Synopsys on Public Administration In the article, the author presents a well-planned presentation of arguments and approaches used to assert the validity and reliability of facts.
• Summary of Article on Public Administration The work in question is a theoretical analysis of problems in the sphere of public administration dedicated to the problems of morality and ethics.
• The American Review of Public Administration Early childhood education is the epicenter of the analysis, with the active integration of third parties in the public platform being one of the major emphases.
• Review on the Discipline of Public Administration The objective of this research paper is to describe the rationale of creating a separate discipline of public administration and the creation of graduate schools of public policy, whether public administrators should matriculate in a […]
• Issue on Public Administration; Social Equity The higher the economic gap among the people the lower is the country in terms of development. On the other hand, the smaller the gap among the people the higher is the level of development.
• New Public Management Can Be Considered to Be Both a Panacea and a Plague to Public Administration A major reason for the decline of NPM is that these practices were entirely brought to public sector without a clear understanding of differences that exist in public and private sectors. To begin with there […]
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War magnifies politicians’ gendered behavior, public biases, research finds

Women’s participation in politics is essential to advancing women’s rights and contributes to countries’ overall stability and economic prosperity. According to a 2023 report by UN Women and the Inter-Parliamentary Union , one-fourth of parliamentary positions worldwide are held by women. Although current representation is still far from equal, it represents a significant increase over the last 20 years .

However, a new paper from Washington University in St. Louis — published in the journal International Organization — shows that the progress women have made in politics is threatened when conflict strikes.

A team of WashU researchers led by Margit Tavits, the Dr. William Taussig Professor in Arts & Sciences, conducted an analysis of Ukrainian politicians’ engagement on social media in the months leading up to and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine — a rare opportunity to observe the effect conflict has on politicians’ behavior in real time.

Their research provides evidence that violent conflict pushes politicians to conform more strongly with traditional gender stereotypes, so that men become more politically engaged than women, and politicians gravitate toward their respective gendered communication styles and issue spaces. They also show that gender biases among the public are magnified during war.

“Our findings suggest that women leaders’ voices may be drowned out by their male counterparts during conflict, which is troubling,” Tavits said. “We know that who engages, and how, in response to conflict can have significant consequences for how the conflict unfolds, how long it lasts, whose concerns are heard and represented and so on.”

About the research

Tavits, along with WashU political science graduate students Taylor J. Damann and Dahjin Kim, analyzed more than 136,000 Facebook posts made by 469 politicians over a seven-month period to study the effect that conflict had on politicians’ public engagement. Although the data were limited to a specific type of behavior — politicians’ engagement with the public on social media — the researchers said this allowed them to observe how each politician engaged with the public on a daily basis.  

Prior to the invasion, men and women Ukrainian politicians had similar levels of engagement on social media, the analysis showed. Although both increased their level of public engagement on social media with the onset of the conflict, women’s engagement did not increase as much as men’s. On average, men politicians were publishing one-half of a post more per day than women politicians in the early days of the conflict.  

It wasn’t just the quantity of posts that differed; the content was also different. The analysis showed women politicians were more likely to take on a more nurturing role, display positive sentiment in their messages and focus on traditionally feminine topics, while men politicians discussed the security issues more directly and depicted themselves as strong, protective leaders.  

Finally, the analysis showed that the public’s reaction to these posts changed, too. Prior to the invasion, social media posts made by men and women politicians received about the same number of reactions from voters. Once the conflict began, though, social media posts made by men politicians received significantly more engagement from the public — a measure researchers say reflects increased gender biases among the public.

“There’s a strong association between masculinity and combat,” Tavits said. “Combat and external threats are traditionally seen as ‘men’s issues.’ During times of crisis, individuals are more likely to prefer men — who are expected to be aggressive and decisive — in leadership roles. Meanwhile, women are expected to be affectionate and nurturing and are believed to be better suited for communal caregiving tasks.

According to the researchers, these stereotypes lead to biased expectations and preferences among the public, which may further motivate politicians’ gendered behavior.

“It’s not surprising to see individuals gravitating toward male leaders and politicians ‘playing the part’ in response. What is surprising, though, is how quickly we see this change occur in response to the attack,” Tavits said. “The gendered effects of the conflict occurred almost instantaneously, both among the public and politicians.”  

Women’s voices are needed

Women’s voices are always needed in politics, but that is especially true in times of war, Tavits said.

“Our research shows women do engage with their publics during war, only with a different style and about different topics than men,” she said.   

“Women politicians’ version of engagement, such as compassionately recognizing the human cost of conflict, is an important part of successful crisis management. And previous research has shown that women’s leadership in post-conflict recovery decreases violence and helps usher postwar reconstruction.

We need to amplify women’s voices, not silence them. Margit Tavits

Recognizing that gendered biases may increase during times of conflict is an important first step. Beyond awareness, there also are practical steps that could help achieve or maintain gender equality in wartime, the authors said.  

“It might help to encourage women politicians to continue engaging with the public during war. Overall, providing training and support for women politicians to navigate the challenges of conflict and raising public awareness of the importance of women’s leadership in times of crisis may prevent reversals in trends toward gender equality that accompany war,” the researchers wrote.

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Parents play a role in leading boys and girls down different paths of study

Carlana, Michela, and Lucia Corno. " Thinking about Parents: Gender and Field of Study ."  AEA Papers and Proceedings  114 (May 2024).

Faculty Authors

Michela Carlana

What’s the issue.

Globally, fewer girls pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields than boys, while boys are less likely to go into the humanities. This gender divide leads to women being underrepresented in STEM careers and men underrepresented in areas like the humanities and education.

What does the research say?

HKS Assistant Professor of Public Policy Michela Carlana and Lucia Corno from Cattolica University in Italy studied 2000 middle school students to examine the role of parents in encouraging gender-stereotyped academic paths.

They found that parents nudged equally able children down different paths. Girls felt their parents supported them less in pursuing math, and boys felt less supported in pursuing literature—and even thinking of parents’ expectations influenced children’s choices. This effect was strongest when the parent’s gender was the same as the child’s.

• Mothers had more influence over girls choosing literature, and fathers over boys choosing math. The girls in the study were 33% more likely to think they were better in literature when they expected their mothers to recommend it.
• Likewise, the boys felt 15% more likely to believe they were better in math when they expected their fathers to recommend it.

The results suggest parents play a key role in shaping children’s confidence and their own perception of their ability in different fields and that stereotyped recommendations lead boys and girls down different paths. The authors say that raising parents’ awareness of the impact of gender stereotypes on their children’s choices may help address gender disparities.

More from HKS

Juan saavedra: how to get more children into schools—and fight poverty in the process, an hks seminar series looks at the issues facing today’s school boards., ron ferguson & tatsha robertson’s “the formula”.

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AI on Trial: Legal Models Hallucinate in 1 out of 6 (or More) Benchmarking Queries

A new study reveals the need for benchmarking and public evaluations of AI tools in law.

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are rapidly transforming the practice of law. Nearly  three quarters of lawyers plan on using generative AI for their work, from sifting through mountains of case law to drafting contracts to reviewing documents to writing legal memoranda. But are these tools reliable enough for real-world use?

Large language models have a documented tendency to “hallucinate,” or make up false information. In one highly-publicized case, a New York lawyer  faced sanctions for citing ChatGPT-invented fictional cases in a legal brief;  many similar cases have since been reported. And our  previous study of general-purpose chatbots found that they hallucinated between 58% and 82% of the time on legal queries, highlighting the risks of incorporating AI into legal practice. In his  2023 annual report on the judiciary , Chief Justice Roberts took note and warned lawyers of hallucinations. 

Across all areas of industry, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is seen and promoted as the solution for reducing hallucinations in domain-specific contexts. Relying on RAG, leading legal research services have released AI-powered legal research products that they claim  “avoid” hallucinations and guarantee  “hallucination-free” legal citations. RAG systems promise to deliver more accurate and trustworthy legal information by integrating a language model with a database of legal documents. Yet providers have not provided hard evidence for such claims or even precisely defined “hallucination,” making it difficult to assess their real-world reliability.

AI-Driven Legal Research Tools Still Hallucinate

In a new preprint study by  Stanford RegLab and  HAI researchers, we put the claims of two providers, LexisNexis and Thomson Reuters (the parent company of Westlaw), to the test. We show that their tools do reduce errors compared to general-purpose AI models like GPT-4. That is a substantial improvement and we document instances where these tools can spot mistaken premises. But even these bespoke legal AI tools still hallucinate an alarming amount of the time: these systems produced incorrect information more than 17% of the time—one in every six queries.

Read the full study, Hallucination-Free? Assessing the Reliability of Leading AI Legal Research Tools

To conduct our study, we manually constructed a pre-registered dataset of over 200 open-ended legal queries, which we designed to probe various aspects of these systems’ performance.

Broadly, we investigated (1) general research questions (questions about doctrine, case holdings, or the bar exam); (2) jurisdiction or time-specific questions (questions about circuit splits and recent changes in the law); (3) false premise questions (questions that mimic a user having a mistaken understanding of the law); and (4) factual recall questions (questions about simple, objective facts that require no legal interpretation).

Figure 1: Comparison of hallucinated (red) and incomplete (yellow) answers across generative legal research tools.

These systems can hallucinate in one of two ways. First, a response from an AI tool might just be  incorrect —it describes the law incorrectly or makes a factual error. Second, a response might be  misgrounded —the AI tool describes the law correctly, but cites a source which does not in fact support its claims.

Given the critical importance of authoritative sources in legal research and writing, the second type of hallucination may be even more pernicious than the outright invention of legal cases. A citation might be “hallucination-free” in the narrowest sense that the citation  exists , but that is not the only thing that matters. The core promise of legal AI is that it can streamline the time-consuming process of identifying relevant legal sources. If a tool provides sources that  seem authoritative but are in reality irrelevant or contradictory, users could be misled. They may place undue trust in the tool's output, potentially leading to erroneous legal judgments and conclusions.

Figure 2:  Left: Example of a hallucinated response by Thomson Reuters’s Ask Practical Law AI. The system fails to correct the user's mistaken premise—in reality, Justice Ginsburg joined the Court's landmark decision legalizing same-sex marriage—and instead provides additional false information about the case. Right: Example of a hallucinated response by LexisNexis’s Lexis+ AI.  Casey and its undue burden standard were overruled by the Supreme Court in  Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization , 597 U.S. 215 (2022); the correct answer is rational basis review.

RAG Is Not a Panacea

Figure 3: An overview of the retrieval-augmentation generation (RAG) process. Given a user query (left), the typical process consists of two steps: (1) retrieval (middle), where the query is embedded with natural language processing and a retrieval system takes embeddings and retrieves the relevant documents (e.g., Supreme Court cases); and (2) generation (right), where the retrieved texts are fed to the language model to generate the response to the user query. Any of the subsidiary steps may introduce error and hallucinations into the generated response. (Icons are courtesy of FlatIcon.)

Under the hood, these new legal AI tools use retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to produce their results, a method that many tout as a potential solution to the hallucination problem. In theory, RAG allows a system to first  retrieve the relevant source material and then use it to  generate the correct response. In practice, however, we show that even RAG systems are not hallucination-free. 

We identify several challenges that are particularly unique to RAG-based legal AI systems, causing hallucinations. 

First, legal retrieval is hard. As any lawyer knows, finding the appropriate (or best) authority can be no easy task. Unlike other domains, the law is not entirely composed of verifiable  facts —instead, law is built up over time by judges writing  opinions . This makes identifying the set of documents that definitively answer a query difficult, and sometimes hallucinations occur for the simple reason that the system’s retrieval mechanism fails.

Second, even when retrieval occurs, the document that is retrieved can be an inapplicable authority. In the American legal system, rules and precedents differ across jurisdictions and time periods; documents that might be relevant on their face due to semantic similarity to a query may actually be inapposite for idiosyncratic reasons that are unique to the law. Thus, we also observe hallucinations occurring when these RAG systems fail to identify the truly binding authority. This is particularly problematic as areas where the law is in flux is precisely where legal research matters the most. One system, for instance, incorrectly recited the “undue burden” standard for abortion restrictions as good law, which was overturned in  Dobbs (see Figure 2). 

Third, sycophancy—the tendency of AI to agree with the user's incorrect assumptions—also poses unique risks in legal settings. One system, for instance, naively agreed with the question’s premise that Justice Ginsburg dissented in  Obergefell , the case establishing a right to same-sex marriage, and answered that she did so based on her views on international copyright. (Justice Ginsburg did not dissent in  Obergefell and, no, the case had nothing to do with copyright.) Notwithstanding that answer, here there are optimistic results. Our tests showed that both systems generally navigated queries based on false premises effectively. But when these systems do agree with erroneous user assertions, the implications can be severe—particularly for those hoping to use these tools to increase access to justice among  pro se and under-resourced litigants.

Responsible Integration of AI Into Law Requires Transparency

Ultimately, our results highlight the need for rigorous and transparent benchmarking of legal AI tools. Unlike other domains, the use of AI in law remains alarmingly opaque: the tools we study provide no systematic access, publish few details about their models, and report no evaluation results at all.

This opacity makes it exceedingly challenging for lawyers to procure and acquire AI products. The big law firm  Paul Weiss spent nearly a year and a half testing a product, and did not develop “hard metrics” because checking the AI system was so involved that it “makes any efficiency gains difficult to measure.” The absence of rigorous evaluation metrics makes responsible adoption difficult, especially for practitioners that are less resourced than Paul Weiss. 

The lack of transparency also threatens lawyers’ ability to comply with ethical and professional responsibility requirements. The bar associations of  California ,  New York , and  Florida have all recently released guidance on lawyers’ duty of supervision over work products created with AI tools. And as of May 2024,  more than 25 federal judges have issued standing orders instructing attorneys to disclose or monitor the use of AI in their courtrooms.

Without access to evaluations of the specific tools and transparency around their design, lawyers may find it impossible to comply with these responsibilities. Alternatively, given the high rate of hallucinations, lawyers may find themselves having to verify each and every proposition and citation provided by these tools, undercutting the stated efficiency gains that legal AI tools are supposed to provide.

Our study is meant in no way to single out LexisNexis and Thomson Reuters. Their products are far from the only legal AI tools that stand in need of transparency—a slew of startups offer similar products and have  made   similar   claims , but they are available on even more restricted bases, making it even more difficult to assess how they function. 

Based on what we know, legal hallucinations have not been solved and the legal profession should turn to public benchmarking and rigorous evaluations of AI tools. 

The authors of this study chose to evaluate “Ask Practical Law AI” because, despite several requests, they were not given access to Thomson Reuters’ other products at the time of the study. The authors look forward to evaluating more tools, but underscore that it should not be incumbent on academic researchers alone to provide transparency and empirical evidence on the reliability of marketed products. 

Paper authors: Varun Magesh is a research fellow at Stanford RegLab. Faiz Surani is a research fellow at Stanford RegLab. Matthew Dahl is a joint JD/PhD student in political science at Yale University and graduate student affiliate of Stanford RegLab. Mirac Suzgun is a joint JD/PhD student in computer science at Stanford University and a graduate student fellow at Stanford RegLab. Christopher D. Manning is Thomas M. Siebel Professor of Machine Learning, Professor of Linguistics and Computer Science, and Senior Fellow at HAI. Daniel E. Ho is the William Benjamin Scott and Luna M. Scott Professor of Law, Professor of Political Science, Professor of Computer Science (by courtesy), Senior Fellow at HAI, Senior Fellow at SIEPR, and Director of the RegLab at Stanford University. 

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Is College Worth It?

2. public views on the value of a college degree, table of contents.

• Labor force trends and economic outcomes for young adults
• Economic outcomes for young men
• Economic outcomes for young women
• Wealth trends for households headed by a young adult
• The importance of a four-year college degree
• Getting a high-paying job without a college degree
• Do Americans think their education prepared them for the workplace?
• Is college worth the cost?
• Acknowledgments
• The American Trends Panel survey methodology
• Current Population Survey methodology
• Survey of Consumer Finances methodology

We asked Americans what they think about the value of a four-year college degree from a few different angles:

• Is a degree important in order for someone to get a well-paying job in today’s economy?
• Has the value of a degree changed in recent decades?
• Can someone without a degree get a well-paying job?
• How useful do people think their own education was in preparing them for a well-paying job?
• Is the cost of college worth it today?

Four-in-ten Americans say it is not too or not at all important to have a four-year college degree in order to get a well-paying job in today’s economy.

Only 25% say it’s extremely or very important to have a college degree, and 35% say it’s somewhat important.

We also asked the public about the importance of a college degree now versus 20 years ago.

About half of Americans (49%) say it’s less important today than it was in the past for someone to have a four-year degree in order to get a well-paying job. About a third (32%) say having a degree is more important now, and 17% say its importance hasn’t really changed.

Differences by party

Half of Republicans and Republican-leaning independents – compared with 30% of Democrats and Democratic leaners – say it’s not too or not at all important to have a four-year college degree to get a well-paying job.

And a majority of Republicans (57%) say having a degree is less important today than it was 20 years ago; 43% of Democrats say the same.

These partisan gaps hold even after controlling for differences in the educational attainment of Republicans and Democrats.

Differences by education

College graduates are more likely than those with less education to say that having a college degree is extremely or very important (30% vs. 22%).

But views on whether having a college degree is more or less important today than it was 20 years ago don’t differ significantly by education. Roughly half of four-year college graduates (51%) and those with less education (48%) say it’s less important today for someone to have a college degree than it was in the past.

Adults with a postgraduate degree, however, have somewhat different views than those with a bachelor’s degree on both of these measures. Some 35% of postgraduates say it’s extremely or very important to have a four-year college degree in order to get a well-paying job, compared with 27% of those whose highest attainment is a bachelor’s degree.

And 39% of postgraduates – compared with 30% of those with a bachelor’s degree – say it’s more important to have a college degree today than it was 20 years ago.

Differences by age

Young adults stand out in their views on the importance of a college degree today versus in the past.

Among those ages 18 to 29, 44% say having a degree is more important today in order to get a well-paying job than it was 20 years ago. By comparison, 29% of those 30 to 49 and 30% of those 50 and older say the same.

Americans also have mixed views when it comes to whether someone without a four-year college degree could get a well-paying job in today’s economy.

Only about a third (34%) say it’s extremely or very likely that someone withouta four-year degree could get this kind of job.

Nearly half say it’s somewhat likely that someone without a college degree could get a well-paying job, and 20% say it’s not too or not at all likely.

These views differ by:

• Partisanship: 42% of Republicans and 26% of Democrats say it’s extremely or very likely someone without a four-year degree could get a well-paying job. Among Democrats, 25% say it’s not too or not at all likely; just 15% of Republicans say the same.
• Education: 28% of adults with at least a bachelor’s degree say it’s extremely or very likely that someone without a college degree could get a well-paying job today. This compares with 37% of those with some college and 36% of those with a high school diploma or less education.

When thinking about how useful their own education was in giving them the skills and knowledge needed to get a well-paying job, a majority of those with a four-year college degree or more education (58%) say it was extremely or very useful. (This finding excludes the 9% of respondents who said this question did not apply to them.)

Adults with a postgraduate degree are especially likely to say their education was extremely or very useful: 72% say this, compared with 47% of those whose highest attainment is a bachelor’s.

By comparison, adults with less education have more mixed views. Among those who have not completed a bachelor’s degree, 38% say their education was not too or not at all useful in giving them the skills and knowledge needed to get a well-paying job; 35% say it was somewhat useful, and 26% say it was extremely or very useful.

These views don’t differ as substantially by age or by party.

When asked about the cost of college these days, many Americans question whether it’s worth it if a student has to take on debt. Nearly half of adults (47%) say a four-year college degree is worth the cost, but only if someone doesn’t have to take out loans in order to attend.

Only 22% say college is worth the cost even if someone has to take out loans. And 29% say college isn’t worth the cost.

Meanwhile, data from the Federal Reserve shows that more than four-in-ten adults who attended college say they took out student loans for their education .

Views on the value of college differ by partisanship, education and age. But notably, in all groups except for Republicans, pluralities say the cost of college is worth it only if someone doesn’t have to take out loans.

A narrow majority of Democrats (54%) say the cost of getting a four-year college degree is worth it, but only if someone doesn’t have to take out loans. A smaller share of Republicans (41%) say the same.

About one-in-four Democrats (26%), compared with 19% of Republicans, say the cost is worth it even with loans.

Republicans are twice as likely as Democrats to say college is not worth the cost (38% vs. 19%).

Americans with at least a four-year college degree are much more likely than those with less education to say that college is worth the cost even if someone has to take out loans (32% vs. 17%).

Those with a postgraduate degree are among the most likely to express this view: 37% say college is worth the cost even after taking out loans. This compares with 29% among those with a bachelor’s but no postgraduate degree.

Even so, across all education levels, more say a four-year degree is worth the cost only if someone doesn’t take on debt than say it’s worth the cost with debt.

Those with some college or less education are about twice as likely as those with at least a bachelor’s degree to say the cost of getting a degree isn’t worth it at all (35% vs. 18%).

Young adults are more likely than their older counterparts to say the cost of a degree is worth it only if someone doesn’t take out loans: 55% of those ages 18 to 29 say this, compared with 48% of those 30 to 49 and 44% of those 50 and older.

And 18- to 29-year-olds are less likely to say the cost isn’t worth it at all (22% vs. roughly three-in-ten among older age groups).

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