wisdom finds truth essay drishti ias

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UPSC Mains 2019 Questions- Essay

• September 20, 2019
• Mains , Questions

1.   Wisdom Finds truth

2.  value, are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be 

3.  Best for an individual is not necessarily, but best for society

4.  Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success

5. South Asian societies are woven not around the State, but around their cultures and plural identities

6. Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for backwardness

7. Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy

8. Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunity through reskilling and upskilling. 

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Wisdom finds Truth | UPSC Mains Essay Preparation PDF Download

“The wise man has the knowledge of all things, in so far as possible” ~ Aristotle. 

Introduction

Aristotle, reckoned among the greatest Greek philosophers, devoted his life to searching for truth which to him was the highest knowledge to be attained through wisdom. Philosophers, Greek or Indian, right since ancient times, have devoted themselves to the search for truth. The implication is clear. Truth, per se, is not a unique entity, but is like a chameleon that changes its colours.

Philosophical Scrutiny

There has never been any universal truth in the world of science in human history except self-evident principles that require no wisdom to be applied in their recognition. Of these self evident truths, rationalists like Descartes have maintained that these truths are recognized as soon as they are brought to our cognition. For instance, it requires neither wisdom nor intelligence to cognize that a triangle is a three sided figure or even that a triangle is 180 degrees. If that is the case, what meaning lies in the assertion that wisdom finds truth? The truth being referred to here then must be an altogether different kind of truth than 2+2=4. After all, the Greek philosophers and the Indian philosophers devoted their ageless wisdom in search of the truth. And did they find it? Most certainly, they did. Only, we, the lesser mortals devoted to sensory pleasures and the material world, fail to recognize or appreciate the truth they found through wisdom. All philosophers can be said to be devoted to the enterprise of truth. Descartes was a rationalist, who arrived at the truth of Cogito Ergo Sum, or I think, therefore, I am. This self discovery for Descartes was indubitable because, as he maintained, “the more I think of I, the more certain I become of its existence which even an evil genius could not have put into my mind”. Let us not forget here that a philosopher is one who loves wisdom because, by its very definition, philosophy is the love of Wisdom. Therefore, we can argue that Newton dedicated himself to the love of wisdom when he discovered the law of gravitation, even as our own philosophers like Buddha, Gautam, Shankaracharya, and Kanad discovered their truths through their wisdom. There now emerges a conundrum about truth. Is truth one or many? Is my truth different from your truth? Is the world of plurality a mirage? The wisdom of our holy sages contained in Upanishads answers this question beautifully. Our Upanishads claim, Ekam sat, Vipra Bahuda vadanti. This aphorism means: “That which exists is ONE; sages call it by various names.” Yet, the quest for truth is a never-ending pursuit that has led to civilizational transformations, crusades, jihads, and burning at stake. For much of human history, the creation theory of Adam and Eve held as much sway as the geocentric theory of our world. These were truths patronized by the holy church. They could not be questioned because it was the Biblical truth believed to have descended directly from God. However, some brave and courageous men like Darwin and Copernicus questioned these truths. Hundreds of men before them were already sacrificed at the altar of truth for holding contrary beliefs. When these men brought the new truths before the world, they also simultaneously transformed the world. However, there is no guarantee that the truth brought out by these men will remain permanent and set in stone, and who could have said it better than wise Siddhartha, the Buddha, in as precise words as “The only constant in this world is change” or the wise Greek Philosopher, Heraclitus who claimed, “You cannot bathe in the same river twice.”

Wisdom and Intelligence

These incidents in human history clearly point out the unmistakable distinction between wisdom and intelligence. While intelligence will help us discover, invent or innovate, wisdom allows us to attain the consciousness of truth. The truths found through intelligence can be short-lived, but the truths found through wisdom are permanent. If you are a great devotee to science or scientific truths, you may, in all likelihood, question the above assumptions. You may, for instance, want to know how truths established by science can ever be challenged. You only need to look at the progress of science, which has revised the truths a number of times in its journey. The Newtonian laws of motion perfectly explained our physical world till the time particle theory began to dominate the field of science. The laws of motion failed in their explanatory power when an altogether new world, the microscopic world, was opened to us. Similarly, our understanding of diseases underwent a paradigm shift when the discovery of germs and germs theory came to dominate the medical world. We are constantly discovering new knowledge, and science is no doubt enriched by those, but they can never establish the truth for good, as we continue to hop from one truth to the next, and so on. Therefore, the wisdom of Lord Buddha can surely take us closer to the truth of the world of flux, the truth of constant change. So, the adage wisdom finds truth can be seen to operate in our world like clockwork. The question then for us is what truth we want to find and how wisdom can help us discover the truth. In other words, this adage operates in the very personal and private lives of individuals. There are many things that we discover with our own wisdom, and sometimes what we learn has the status of grand truth. These adages are aptly expressed by wise poets and saints like Kabir and Rahim. Let us see few examples. Rahim says, “Rahiman nij man ki bitha man hi rakho goy, sun ithlainhe log sab, banti na lainhe koi”. Rahim cautions us not to disclose our personal grief to others because people will not share our pain, rather, they will draw malicious pleasure out of it. This is the kind of worldly truth many of us discover through our wisdom. Similarly, Kabir states, “Mati kahe  kumhar se, tu kya ronde moy, ek din aisa ayega, main rondungi toye”. This couplet, in a very simple and plain language, expounds a profound and undeniable truth. The truth of mortality, or impermanence of life, is well known but it requires wisdom to string this truth in a language that strikes an instant chord of awareness.

In conclusion, it is clear that wisdom finds the truth. The wise either discover the truth themselves, or realize the truth spoken by masters. The unwise, far from the truth, spend their days without self reflection and self-cogitation. One may be knowledgeable, may have mastered the encyclopaedia; but all of it amounts to nothing if one has not invested an iota of wisdom in searching the truth. With all our knowledge and learning, we are like robots fed with data that we churn out when needed and that really makes no difference to us. But when we apply our wisdom to find the truth of life, we are transformed individuals.

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Wisdom finds truth

The nature of both wisdom and truth is highly subjective which means the basic or inherent character of the two is influenced by personal feelings or opinions. Perhaps this is the reason while in his search for truth for six years, Gautama could not find the answer to end suffering although he took the help of the wisest teachers of the time. He realised that enlightenment was beyond objective facts. That “beyond” has always been wisdom. Wisdom is about the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgement. This quality could make a person inventor, innovator and/or discoverer irrespective of his or her work domain which could be either physical or metaphysical or both. One of the best examples is Albert Einstein. He is not only best known for his theory of relativity and the equation E=MC2 but also for his wisdom quotes such as “Try not to become a man of success. Rather become a man of value.” Under normal conditions, anything which is true or by fact or reality is the truth. We use different expressions for it like the fact of the matter, what actually happened, the case, facts, certainty, authenticity etc., though the truth giving meaning to human life is evolutionary assertion dependent on the essence of the subject. And to acknowledge the essence of any subject, wisdom is a prerequisite. Thus searching for truth involves wisdom as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence. It is difficult to find the truth without wisdom. We, at large, know ethics of the Bhagavad Gita. It talks about the truths which are universal so they have universal application. These truths are (1) Immortality of the Soul, (2) Immanence of God, (3) Impermanence of the world, (4) Immediacy of Liberation. But how many of us really recognize the doctrine of the Immanence of God? We know, God is the Indweller of everyone. He is the witness of our thoughts. People around us watch our actions and hear our words, whereas God watches not only our actions, but the motives and intentions that prompt them. Despite this, the most common thing, anywhere and everywhere, we face is the trust deficit. Knowing the truth is not about finding it. To find the truth one has to recognize it. Recognizing truth requires realising wisdom which means a blend of experience, knowledge, and good judgement about the subject has utmost importance. To recognize the doctrine of the Immanence of God necessitates realizing wisdom related to it. That is what Lord Krishna answers in chapter three, verses 37 and 38 (Bhagavadgita). Only wisdom makes us understand that it is lust which later transformed into wrath, which is the all-devouring sinful enemy of this world. As fire is covered by smoke, the living entity is similarly covered by different degrees of lust. Greed, dishonesty and corruption are all by-products of this lust. To be happy, successful and well situated in real terms, the Gita says, one must control different degrees of different dimensions of lust. A person who understands it will try to experience it, consequently he would find the truth behind the life. Similarly ‘integrity’ is the virtue. That is its truth. However it is not that simple. This truth has no dimension unless a person doesn’t practice what one preaches. Or more importantly, practicing what one believes is right. To ascertain something right, a person needs wisdom which designates a ‘man of principle’ as not a man who understands a principle, but a man who understands, accepts, and lives by a principle. Here, too, wisdom and truth seem inseparable. Consider the most crucial part of life called stress. The prevailing truth regarding stress is misleading where mostly we believe that the environment controls events. Psychologically, the stress we feel is often based on our individual perception of a situation and this is why some people suffer more than others. The person having wisdom or quality of being wise, will suffer less, as American psychologist Julian Rotter describes this as our ‘locus of control’ or the extent to which an individual feels that they have control over a situation. Wisdom can make locus of control internal, in that we believe we have control over our lives, so could manage our stress. Even this is the very idea reflecting through the Pillars of Indian Culture: Ṛta, Ṛṇa, Dharma. The awareness of ṛta (cosmic law: when we realize ṛta, the value of the whole of creation, we are humbled and naturally become more caring towards the universe) leads to the realization of ṛṇa (the word ṛṇa refers to ‘being in debt’ – of a physical, monetary kind, every human being by birth carries this baggage of ṛṇa), which in turn motivates one to pursue dharma. The way to clear ṛṇa is by adhering to dharma. Knowledge of Ṛta and Ṛṇa is wisdom, whereas Dharma is truth to be sought. Together they make us feel the Purushartha which is the “object of human pursuit” and the blueprint for human fulfilment. Its “Dharma” component is about true purpose in life and the ethical basis on which one lives one’s life at the same time one accepts his conscienced decision making. Abovementioned notions of reasoning show where there is truth, there is wisdom. Where there is wisdom, there is truth. They mirror each other and seem to be indivisible, indissoluble and inextricable. This is well reflected in the great people’s philosophies or their way of living, for instance, for Mahatma Gandhi the quest for “Truth” largely depended upon the truth about the self. And his wisdom stated that an individual’s “highest duty in life is to serve mankind and take his share in bettering its condition”, which could not be done unless one understands and respects the self. Likewise, ‘good’ to G.E.Moore means the word ‘Good’ is indefinable because the quality ‘goodness’ is a simple, unanalysable and non – complex property. Hedonists commit this fallacy because they explain the meaning of ‘good’ by reference to pleasure which is a particular mode of experience. Pleasure may be more or less good, but it does not enable one to know what is really meant by good, and hence the truth. Plato recognised wisdom as one of his four cardinal virtues and defined it as the rational part of the soul. It is an all-embracing virtue. It is moral insight into the duties in a concrete situation and performing them. It is practical wisdom which is implied in all moral actions. The same case is with Kant’s Categorical Imperative, explicitly asserted that actions are right only when they are done for the sake of duty – only in so far as they are performed for the sake of their rightness. More so than anything else, the journey from Prince Siddhartha, the son of the king of the Sakya people, to Gautama Buddha was all about “the dynamics of wisdom-truth relations” which concluded with “four noble truths”: (1) existence is suffering; (2) this suffering is caused by human craving; (3) there is a cessation of the suffering, which is nirvana; and (4) nirvana can be achieved, in this or future lives, through the “eightfold path” of right views, right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration. The above postulations have empirical realizations experienced in the form of a dignified human life which confirms that truth and wisdom are “conjoint, covalent and reciprocal”.

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UPSC Essay Topics - Important Essay Topics for UPSC Mains 2023

By vajiram & ravi.

Essay Course for UPSC

UPSC CSE Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper

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Understanding UPSC Essay Topics holds significant importance as it evaluates the candidate's ability to analyse, present arguments, and communicate effectively. In this article, we will explore the diverse range of UPSC essay topics, their significance, and essential tips to excel in this section. Get ready to enhance your writing and analytical skills and make a strong impression on the evaluators with well-crafted essays.

UPSC Essay Paper

The Essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination requires candidates to write multiple essays , each on a different topic, chosen from a given list of options. The essay topics for UPSC cover a wide range of issues, including social, economic, political, cultural, and philosophical aspects, both national and international.

The essay paper holds significant weightage in the UPSC Mains examination, contributing 250 marks out of the total 1750 marks . Scoring well in this section can have a considerable impact on the overall ranking and selection for the coveted civil services.

Weekly UPSC Essay Topics By Vajiram & Ravi

The UPSC Essay Paper is an opportunity for candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in expressing ideas and analysing complex issues. Vajiram & Ravi Pensive-Weekly Essay Writing Programme provides you with two Essay Topics every Saturday based on the previous year's question papers and the changing trends analysis. You can submit your Essay for peer evaluation on vajiramandravi.com. This will help you nourish your writing skills, give you clarity of thought, and build the capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Important Essay Topics for UPSC 2023

The purpose of the essay paper is to assess the candidate's ability to critically analyse a topic, present well-structured arguments, and communicate their ideas effectively. It also evaluates their knowledge of various issues, their clarity of thought, and their capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Some of the Important Essay Topics to prepare for the UPSC Mains Examination 2023 are:

• Gender Equality
• Environment/Urbanization
• Economic Growth
• Federalism/Decentralization
• Agriculture
• Economics 

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy

Every year, UPSC typically provides you with two or more essay topics centred around philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from notable personalities. To effectively address these philosophical topics, you should refer to Philosophy Books to gain a foundational understanding. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy :

• Everything comes to him, who hustles while he waits.
• We are always blind as we want to be.
• You cannot step twice in the same river.
• A disciplined mind brings happiness.
• The price of Greatness is Responsibility.
• People would rather Believe than Know.
• Mind - A beautiful Servant? Or a dangerous Master?

UPSC Essay Topics on Art and Culture

The UPSC Essay Topics related to Indian society, art, and culture cover a wide range of subjects, offering great diversity. To gain knowledge about the static content on these topics, you should rely on fundamental books on society, as recommended for the exam. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Art and Culture :

• Culture changes with economic development.
• Culture is what we are, Civilization is what we have.
• Social reform is a myth if places of worship are open only to all castes and not to all genders.
• Impact of Globalization on Indian Art and Culture.
• Caste System - India’s Enduring Curse.
• Godmen - A Threat to Indian Art and Culture?

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

UPSC essay topics on Science and Technology can largely be addressed through current affairs. You may also benefit from consulting a Science and Technology Book for UPSC to compose a comprehensive and well-rounded essay. Here are some UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology:

• Deglobalisation is good for the world.
• Science is organised Knowledge. Wisdom is Organised life.
• Technology is a Weapon against Poverty.
• Prioritising Education Technology for Global Growth.
• Technology is the silent factor in International Relations.
• Scientific and Technological Progress cannot be equated with Human Progress.

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education stands as one of the preferred UPSC Essay Topics, with an essay related to this subject often appearing in the paper each year. To tackle this topic effectively, you should stay abreast of Current Affairs , incorporating significant changes and advancements in the field. Let's explore some of the Essay topics for UPSC centred around education:

• Self Education is a lifelong curiosity.
• Education Breeds Peace.
• Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.
• Education must also train one for quick, resolute and effective thinking.
• Schooling is not Education.

UPSC Essay Topics on Polity and Governance

To comprehensively address Polity and Governance topics, you should acquire fundamental knowledge from Polity Books for UPSC and Current Affairs. These resources offer static information about relevant issues and their historical context, which proves valuable while writing UPSC Essay Topics on Polity. Here are some Essay Topics on Polity and Governance:

• The Role of Politics in Development.
• Should Youth in India Consider Politics as a Career?
• Art, Freedom and Creativity will change society faster than politics.
• The politics of Identity is the Politics of the Weak.
• People should not be afraid of their Government. The Government should be afraid of its people.
• Government Surveillance - Good or Bad?

UPSC Essay Topics on Economy

Essays concerning economic growth are frequently included in the Essay Paper. To tackle these topics effectively, you should refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to gain a comprehensive understanding. Once the fundamentals are grasped, you can enhance their essays by incorporating examples, data, and statistics to create a multidimensional perspective. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Economy:

• We don't have to sacrifice a Strong Economy for a Healthy Environment.
• India, a $5 trillion Economy - Dream or Reality?
• Digital Economy: A leveller or a source of Economic Inequality?
• Innovation is the key determinant of social welfare and economic growth.
• Labour Reforms in India and its Role in Economic Growth.

UPSC Essay Topics on Social Issues

Social issues are a significant aspect of the UPSC essay paper, reflecting the candidates' understanding of societal challenges and their ability to propose viable solutions. These essays provide a platform for candidates to analyse, critique, and suggest measures for pressing social concerns. Topics related to social issues in the UPSC Essay paper may include:

• Inclusivity and Plurality are the hallmarks of a Peaceful Society.
• A Gender-sensitive Indian Society is a prerequisite for Women and Child Empowerment.
• The weaker sections of Indian Society - are their Rights and Access to Justice getting Better?

Previous Year UPSC Essay Topics

Practising previous year's essay topics will help you become familiar with the UPSC exam pattern , word limit, and the types of essay questions frequently asked in the Mains Examination. Analysing past essay topics will also allow you to identify recurring themes and trends, enabling you to prioritise their preparation accordingly. Regular practice with past essay topics will instil confidence in you, helping you feel more comfortable and prepared for the actual exam.

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in the harbour is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Tips to Excel in UPSC Essay Paper

• Understand the Topics: Thoroughly comprehend the essay topics, including the keywords and instructions. Choose a topic that aligns with your strengths and interests.
• Plan and Structure: Devote some time to plan your essay. Create an outline and organise your thoughts in a structured manner, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Be Objective: Present balanced arguments and avoid a biased or one-sided approach. Consider multiple perspectives and present a holistic view.
• Provide Examples and Evidence: Support your arguments with relevant examples, data, quotes and evidence to strengthen your essay.
• Maintain Clarity: Write in a clear and concise manner. Use simple language and avoid jargon or overly complex vocabulary.
• Practice Regularly: Regular practice is essential to improve Essay writing skills. Write essays on diverse topics to enhance your versatility.
• Time Management: Allocate appropriate time for planning, writing, and revising each essay to manage time effectively during the examination.
• Revise and Edit: Review your essays for coherence, grammar, and structure. Make necessary edits to refine your work.

FAQs on UPSC Essay Topics

What are the important UPSC Essay Topics?

Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics asked in Mains Examination previously:

• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
• What is research but a blind date with knowledge?
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for society.
• Wisdom finds truth.
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

How do I Prepare for the UPSC Essay?

To prepare for the UPSC essay, focus on understanding the essay syllabus and past topics to identify recurring themes. Regularly practise writing essays on various topics to improve your writing skills and time management. Structure your essays with a clear introduction, main body, and conclusion.

Which is the best source to practise UPSC Essay Topics?

The best sources to prepare Essay for UPSC include official UPSC materials, newspapers, and magazines like The Hindu, Yojana , and Kurukshetra for current affairs, standard books on diverse subjects, government reports and publications, online platforms like PIB and PRS India, UPSC previous year papers for understanding the exam pattern, and regular practice of essay writing on various topics.

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The UPSC essay paper is one of the nine papers for the IAS main exam. With this, the scores obtained in the UPSC essay topics will also be considered in the merit list. Hence, it is important to cover all the aspects of the UPSC essay syllabus .

In this paper, candidates need to write two essays, each with a word limit of 1000-1200 words. Moreover, they are required to choose one IAS essay topic out of the four options in each section i.e. A and B.

The UPSC essay paper is conducted for 250 marks with one essay UPSC paper for 125 marks. Therefore, aspirants should use the best books and strategies to excel in this section.

In this article, we have compiled all the details of the UPSC IAS essay for the candidates aspiring for the upcoming civil services exam.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Structure

• As per the UPSC exam pattern , the essay paper is one of the nine subjects in the civil services main exam. In this paper, aspirants need to write essays on assigned UPSC essay topics .
• Candidates should practice writing essays on multiple topics in order to learn how to arrange their ideas and execute the same in the proper order.
• Furthermore, the UPSC essay paper will carry 250 marks with an exam duration of 3 hours.

UPSC Essay Previous Year Papers

The previous year’s UPSC essay paper is one of the finest resources to prepare well for this section. This will strengthen their vocabulary and writing skills and also provide them insights into the type of essay topics UPSC asked over the years.

Hence, we have compiled below the official UPSC essay previous paper PDF link for 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, and 2018 for the reference of the candidates.

Best Strategy for UPSC Essay Writing

UPSC essays must be well-formatted and presented in a manner that the readers can easily understand without any obstacles. Above all, it must include the ideas about the issue mentioned in the question.

Candidates must note that the general essay papers also play an important role in compensating for the less scores in general studies and optional papers. Hence, it is advisable to focus on improving the vocabulary and writing skills from the first leg of the preparation.

Let’s look at the best strategy to score high marks in the UPSC essay topics in the main exam.

• Go through the entire UPSC essay syllabus to cover all the aspects of the section.
• Build a habit of reading newspaper editorials and journals every day. Going by the trend analysis, it is found that many essay questions were asked directly from current affairs in the past few years.
• Next, note down relevant quotes from the books/magazines/journal and implement them whenever required in the essay writing.
• Focus on IAS essay topics related to democracy, environment/urbanization, judiciary, social justice/poverty, philosophies, media & society, education, economic sector, etc as questions can be asked from these topics.
• Pick the essay topic very carefully. Also, it is advised to take some time to think about the topic and collect ideas and thoughts.
• One should make sure that the essay comprises sections like introduction, main body, theme, and conclusion.
• Moreover, aspirants can also reach out to their mentors, experts, seniors, or teachers for feedback on their essay writing. This will allow them to recognize their mistakes and focus more on their weak points for effective preparation.

Read More: How to write an essay for UPSC here!

Best Books for UPSC Essay Writing

Along with the best UPSC essay strategy , aspirants should also choose the finest books that comprise multiple essay topics UPSC for the exam. Here, we have shared below the best books and resources to strengthen the preparation of the general essay section:

• Monthly Current Affairs Magazines by OnlyIAS
• Only IAS Yogana Magazine
• Only IAS Praarambh Post-Independence India
• Only IAS Kurukshetra Magazine
• Only IAS Praarmabh Indian Society
• The Hindu (editorial articles)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. How to score 150 in UPSC essay?

Ans. One can score 150 marks on the UPSC essay paper by managing time effectively throughout the exam and avoiding any kind of deviation from the topic.

Q2. What are the topics for UPSC essay?

Ans. Some of the important IAS essay topics include democracy, environment/urbanization, judiciary, social justice/poverty, philosophies, media & society, education, economic sector, etc

Q3. What is essay paper 1 in UPSC?

Ans. The UPSC essay paper 1 is one of the nine papers for the IAS main exam. In this paper, candidates need to write two essays, each with a word limit of 1000-1200 words. The maximum mark is 250 with a duration of 3 hours.

Q4. Is UPSC essay tough?

Ans. Yes, the UPSC essay paper is moderately tough as per the past year’s exam analysis. However, it also depends on the aspirant knowledge of the topic.

Q5. How many pages is 1,000 words in UPSC?

Ans. 2 pages single-spaced or 4 pages double-spaced is about 1000 words in UPSC.

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Wisdom finds truth

• March 12, 2023
• Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
• Category: Sunday Essay Sadhna

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Economic Reforms in India in the Light of Social Justice and Welfare

The idea of social justice is that each person should have equal access to justice, education, health, well-being, privileges, and opportunity regardless of their political, economic, religious, or caste conditions. India’s independence brought with its ideals of individual, economic, social, and political liberty. During 1940-1950, India’s viability as a single nation had been questioned due to extreme poverty and deep socioeconomic divisions.

Prejudice is a source of social injustice since it is unfair by definition.  In India, issues of social inequality have become more prevalent, particularly in rural areas. As a result, finding effective ways to address social inequality in India has become critical. The government has worked to alleviate poverty in India’s marginalized communities, as well as to reduce child labor, exploitation of women and children, gender-based violence, discrimination in various forms, and more, thereby raising the level of India’s marginalized areas and backward regions through some of the policies.   The importance and significance of the notion of social justice now are that it is not a blind concept. Its goal is to ensure that all citizens of the state are treated fairly. A democratic system must guarantee that social growth is consistent with democratic principles and practices, reflecting social equality, development possibilities, social security, and welfare. It is true that India has always been a socially uneven society. Massive disparities exist in our society, posing major challenges to Indian democracy.

The government made different programs for mainly the growth of middle and lower economic classes of our society to decrease the inequality in our society by giving them various ways to earn money. Immediately after independence, the five-year plans attempted to focus on poverty so that equality can be brought into the society through sectoral initiatives.

According to the current data 2020, about 69% of India’s population lives in villages and the incidence of poverty is much higher in villages – about 53% of the rural population . Rural poverty is so prevalent, that the majority of the initiatives are aimed at helping people in rural regions. Poverty reduction is also difficult in rural regions owing to a variety of physical and infrastructure constraints. The aiding programs are mostly divided into these categories.

• Wage-earner program.
• Programs for self-employment.
• Program for food security.
• Programs for social security.
• Programs to alleviate urban poverty.
• Job-training program in India.

Some of the Govt. Initiatives that Help to Reform Economic Conditions

1. introduction of factory act.

The Indian Factories Act, of 1948 has three major objectives 

• To control factory working conditions
• To regulate health, safety, and yearly leave.
• To make specific provisions for young people, women, and children who work in factories.

2. Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JSY)

On April 1, 1999, it began. The development of rural regions was the primary goal of this initiative. Infrastructure such as roads connecting the hamlet to different places, as well as other social, educational (schools), and infrastructure such as hospitals, made the village more accessible. Its secondary goal was to provide long-term paid employment. This was exclusively supplied to households that were BELOW THE POVERTY LINE.

3. National old-age pension scheme (NOAPS)

This plan went into force on August 15, 1995. The program offers pensions to all elderly individuals above the age of 65 (now 60) who are unable to fund themselves and have no other sources of support. The central government provides this pension.

4. National family benefit scheme (NFBS)

This program began in August of 1995. The state government is funding this program. After 2002–03, it was moved to the state sector program. It’s part of the department of community and rural affairs. In case of the death of the primary breadwinner, this program provides a one-time Rs 10,000/- amount to that family, irrespective of the cause of death. A breadwinner is a person above the age of 18 who makes the most money for the family and ensures that the family survives.

5. Annapurna

The government began this program in 1999–2000 to give meals to older persons who are unable to care for themselves , are not covered by the National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS), and have no one in their community to look after them. This program will offer qualified older adults 10 kg of free food grains per month. In the years 2000-2001, a total of 100 crores was set aside for this program. They primarily target ‘poorest of the poor and ‘indigent elderly people’ groups.

6. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojna

This plan is intended to provide homes to everyone. It all started in 1985. It intended to build 20 lakh housing units, 13 lakh of which would be in rural regions. This plan will also provide individuals with low-interest financing to build dwellings. It began in the years 1999–2000. This project received 1438.39 crores in 1999–2000, and roughly 7.98 lakh units were developed. This project had a government outlay of 1710.00 crores in 2000-01. It enhanced the health, primary education, drinking water, housing, and road conditions in rural regions.

7. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment (MNREGA)

On September 7, 2005, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was notified. The MGNREGA has resulted in the world’s largest employment program. It is unlike any previously paid employment program in terms of scope, architecture, and focus. It has a unique and unparalleled bottom-up, people-centered, demand-driven, self-selecting, rights-based design.

The MGNREGA guarantees paid work as a legal right. It is a demand-driven program in which the provision of employment is prompted by wage seekers’ demand for work. Both in situations of inability to deliver work on demand and delays in payment of remuneration for labor completed, there are legal provisions for allowances and compensation. It is the largest social assistance program in the world. The initiative has cost 3.14 lakh crores in the previous ten years. A total of 1980 million person-days of employment were created. Several lakhs of villagers have undoubtedly been lifted out of rural poverty as a result of the initiative.

8. For the uplift of Small and Medium Scale Industries

The pre-liberalization period (1948 to 1991) and the post-liberalization period (1992 to present) may be generally separated in terms of state intervention in the growth of small-scale industry following independence (1991 onwards).

Since 1991, the Indian economy has steadily shifted from a centrally planned policy of encouraging privatization, liberalization, and globalization through a series of economic changes. In that context, the small-scale sector has been provided with several possibilities to expand and develop itself in order to achieve competitive efficiency and coexist with larger enterprises. . There has been a paradigm shift here, with the protection strategy being replaced by the development of the SSI sector, which now includes medium-sized businesses. Small-scale enterprises are essential since they contribute to India’s economic development and job creation, resulting in more savings, which leads to increased investment, and new sectors will emerge as a result of this investment. It lowers the unemployment rate.

Conclusion:

“Justice in terms of the distribution of income, opportunities, and advantages within a society” is how social justice is described. This is frequently accomplished through institutions or services that aim to ensure that everyone has equal access to the advantages of social cooperation while also preventing socioeconomic inequality.

A government is made up of a collection of persons that are in charge of governing a state. As a result, each country’s government should act wisely in the interests of the community’s growth. Social welfare is a policy that focuses on the overall well-being of society. The government implements several programs as a result of these changes in order to provide social welfare and economic equality.

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Insights Weekly Essay Challenges 2020 – Week 1: Wisdom finds truth

Insights weekly essay challenges 2020 – week 01.

22 September 2019

Write an essay on the following topic in not more than 1000-1200 words:

Wisdom finds truth

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• Moscow Oblast

Elektrostal

Elektrostal Localisation : Country Russia , Oblast Moscow Oblast . Available Information : Geographical coordinates , Population, Area, Altitude, Weather and Hotel . Nearby cities and villages : Noginsk , Pavlovsky Posad and Staraya Kupavna .

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Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

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Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees

Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia