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Compare and contrast essay
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How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay
Last Updated: May 12, 2023 Approved
This article was co-authored by Megan Morgan, PhD . Megan Morgan is a Graduate Program Academic Advisor in the School of Public & International Affairs at the University of Georgia. She earned her PhD in English from the University of Georgia in 2015. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. This article has 29 testimonials from our readers, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 3,102,162 times.
The purpose of a compare and contrast essay is to analyze the differences and/or the similarities of two distinct subjects. A good compare/contrast essay doesn’t only point out how the subjects are similar or different (or even both!). It uses those points to make a meaningful argument about the subjects. While it can be a little intimidating to approach this type of essay at first, with a little work and practice, you can write a great compare-and-contrast essay!
Formulating Your Argument
- You could pick two subjects that are in the same “category” but have differences that are significant in some way. For example, you could choose “homemade pizza vs. frozen grocery store pizza.”
- You could pick two subjects that don’t appear to have anything in common but that have a surprising similarity. For example, you could choose to compare bats and whales. (One is tiny and flies, and the other is huge and swims, but they both use sonar to hunt.)
- You could pick two subjects that might appear to be the same but are actually different. For example, you could choose "The Hunger Games movie vs. the book."
- For example, ask yourself: What can we learn by thinking about “The Hunger Games” and “Battle Royale” together that we would miss out on if we thought about them separately?
- It can be helpful to consider the “So what?” question when deciding whether your subjects have meaningful comparisons and contrasts to be made. If you say “The Hunger Games and Battle Royale are both similar and different,” and your friend asked you “So what?” what would your answer be? In other words, why bother putting these two things together?
- A “Venn diagram” can often be helpful when brainstorming. This set of overlapping circles can help you visualize where your subjects are similar and where they differ. In the outer edges of the circle, you write what is different; in the overlapping middle area, you write what’s similar. [2] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source
- You can also just draw out a list of all of the qualities or characteristics of each subject. Once you’ve done that, start looking through the list for traits that both subjects share. Major points of difference are also good to note.
- For example, if you are comparing and contrasting cats and dogs, you might notice that both are common household pets, fairly easy to adopt, and don’t usually have many special care needs. These are points of comparison (ways they are similar).
- You might also note that cats are usually more independent than dogs, that dogs may not provoke allergies as much as cats do, and that cats don’t get as big as many dogs do. These are points of contrast (ways they are different).
- These points of contrast can often be good places to start thinking about your thesis, or argument. Do these differences make one animal a superior type of pet? Or a better pet choice for a specific living situation (e.g., an apartment, a farm, etc.)?
- Show readers why one subject is more desirable than the other. Example: "Cats are better pets than dogs because they require less maintenance, are more independent, and are more adaptable."
- Help readers make a meaningful comparison between two subjects. Example: "New York City and San Francisco are both great cities for young professionals, but they differ in terms of their job opportunities, social environment, and living conditions."
- Show readers how two subjects are similar and different. Example: "While both The Catcher in the Rye and To Kill a Mockingbird explore the themes of loss of innocence and the deep bond between siblings, To Kill a Mockingbird is more concerned with racism while The Catcher in the Rye focuses on the prejudices of class."
- In middle school and high school, the standard format for essays is often the “5-paragraph form,” with an introduction, 3 body paragraphs, and a conclusion. If your teacher recommends this form, go for it. However, you should be aware that especially in college, teachers and professors tend to want students to break out of this limited mode. Don’t get so locked into having “three main points” that you forget to fully explore your topic.
Organizing Your Essay
- Subject by subject. This organization deals with all of the points about Topic A, then all of the points of Topic B. For example, you could discuss all your points about frozen pizza (in as many paragraphs as necessary), then all your points about homemade pizza. The strength of this form is that you don’t jump back and forth as much between topics, which can help your essay read more smoothly. It can also be helpful if you are using one subject as a “lens” through which to examine the other. The major disadvantage is that the comparisons and contrasts don’t really become evident until much further into the essay, and it can end up reading like a list of “points” rather than a cohesive essay. [4] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source
- Point by point. This type of organization switches back and forth between points. For example, you could first discuss the prices of frozen pizza vs. homemade pizza, then the quality of ingredients, then the convenience factor. The advantage of this form is that it’s very clear what you’re comparing and contrasting. The disadvantage is that you do switch back and forth between topics, so you need to make sure that you use transitions and signposts to lead your reader through your argument.
- Compare then contrast. This organization presents all the comparisons first, then all the contrasts. It’s a pretty common way of organizing an essay, and it can be helpful if you really want to emphasize how your subjects are different. Putting the contrasts last places the emphasis on them. However, it can be more difficult for your readers to immediately see why these two subjects are being contrasted if all the similarities are first.
- Introduction. This paragraph comes first and presents the basic information about the subjects to be compared and contrasted. It should present your thesis and the direction of your essay (i.e., what you will discuss and why your readers should care).
- Body Paragraphs. These are the meat of your essay, where you provide the details and evidence that support your claims. Each different section or body paragraph should tackle a different division of proof. It should provide and analyze evidence in order to connect those proofs to your thesis and support your thesis. Many middle-school and high-school essays may only require three body paragraphs, but use as many as is necessary to fully convey your argument.
- Acknowledgement of Competitive Arguments/Concession. This paragraph acknowledges that other counter-arguments exist, but discusses how those arguments are flawed or do not apply.
- Conclusion. This paragraph summarizes the evidence presented. It will restate the thesis, but usually in a way that offers more information or sophistication than the introduction could. Remember: your audience now has all the information you gave them about why your argument is solid. They don’t need you to just reword your original thesis. Take it to the next level!
- Introduction: state your intent to discuss the differences between camping in the woods or on the beach.
- Body Paragraph 1 (Woods): Climate/Weather
- Body Paragraph 2 (Woods): Types of Activities and Facilities
- Body Paragraph 3 (Beach): Climate/Weather
- Body Paragraph 4 (Beach): Types of Activities and Facilities
- Introduction
- Body Paragraph 1: Similarity between woods and beaches (both are places with a wide variety of things to do)
- Body Paragraph 2: First difference between woods and beaches (they have different climates)
- Body Paragraph 3: Second difference between woods and beaches (there are more easily accessible woods than beaches in most parts of the country)
- Body Paragraph 4: Emphasis on the superiority of the woods to the beach
- Topic sentence: This sentence introduces the main idea and subject of the paragraph. It can also provide a transition from the ideas in the previous paragraph.
- Body: These sentences provide concrete evidence that support the topic sentence and main idea.
- Conclusion: this sentence wraps up the ideas in the paragraph. It may also provide a link to the next paragraph’s ideas.
Putting It All Together
- If you are having trouble finding evidence to support your argument, go back to your original texts and try the brainstorming process again. It could be that your argument is evolving past where it started, which is good! You just need to go back and look for further evidence.
- For example, in a body paragraph about the quality of ingredients in frozen vs. homemade pizza, you could close with an assertion like this: “Because you actively control the quality of the ingredients in pizza you make at home, it can be healthier for you than frozen pizza. It can also let you express your imagination. Pineapple and peanut butter pizza? Go for it! Pickles and parmesan? Do it! Using your own ingredients lets you have fun with your food.” This type of comment helps your reader understand why the ability to choose your own ingredients makes homemade pizza better.
- Reading your essay aloud can also help you find problem spots. Often, when you’re writing you get so used to what you meant to say that you don’t read what you actually said.
- Avoid bias. Don't use overly negative or defamatory language to show why a subject is unfavorable; use solid evidence to prove your points instead.
- Avoid first-person pronouns unless told otherwise. In some cases, your teacher may encourage you to use “I” and “you” in your essay. However, if the assignment or your teacher doesn’t mention it, stick with third-person instead, like “one may see” or “people may enjoy.” This is common practice for formal academic essays.
- Proofread! Spelling and punctuation errors happen to everyone, but not catching them can make you seem lazy. Go over your essay carefully, and ask a friend to help if you’re not confident in your own proofreading skills.
Sample Body Paragraphs
- "When one is deciding whether to go to the beach or the woods, the type of activities that each location offers are an important point to consider. At the beach, one can enjoy the water by swimming, surfing, or even building a sandcastle with a moat that will fill with water. When one is in the woods, one may be able to go fishing or swimming in a nearby lake, or one may not be near water at all. At the beach, one can keep one's kids entertained by burying them in sand or kicking around a soccer ball; if one is in the woods, one can entertain one's kids by showing them different plans or animals. Both the beach and the woods offer a variety of activities for adults and kids alike."
- "The beach has a wonderful climate, many activities, and great facilities for any visitor's everyday use. If a person goes to the beach during the right day or time of year, he or she can enjoy warm, yet refreshing water, a cool breeze, and a relatively hot climate. At the beach, one can go swimming, sunbathe, or build sandcastles. There are also great facilities at the beach, such as a changing room, umbrellas, and conveniently-located restaurants and changing facilities. The climate, activities, and facilities are important points to consider when deciding between the beach and the woods."
Sample Essay Outline
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- ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/comparing-and-contrasting/
- ↑ http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/interactives/compcontrast/
About This Article
To write a compare and contrast essay, try organizing your essay so you're comparing and contrasting one aspect of your subjects in each paragraph. Or, if you don't want to jump back and forth between subjects, structure your essay so the first half is about one subject and the second half is about the other. You could also write your essay so the first few paragraphs introduce all of the comparisons and the last few paragraphs introduce all of the contrasts, which can help emphasize your subjects' differences and similarities. To learn how to choose subjects to compare and come up with a thesis statement, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No
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Comparison/Contrast Writing
Jul 29, 2014
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Comparison/Contrast Writing. Comparison/contrast writing fits into the category of expository writing —writing to explain or inform. Writing a comparison/contrast paper involves comparing and contrasting two subjects. A c omparison shows how two things are alike .
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Comparison/Contrast Writing Comparison/contrast writing fits into the category of expository writing—writing to explain or inform.
Writing a comparison/contrast paper involves comparing and contrasting two subjects. A comparison shows how two things are alike. A contrast shows how two things are different. Comparison/Contrast Essays
When you choose a topic, be sure not to choose two totally unrelated subjects. You must start with subjects that have some basic similarities. Choosing a Topic
SOME TIPS… • Balance the information about the items that you're comparing and contrasting. • You need to be sure that you give them equal time in what you write. Don’t focus on one more than the other!
Structuring a Comparison and Contrast Essay There are three strategies to organize comparison and contrast papers: 1. Whole-to-Whole, or Block 2. Similarities-to-Differences 3. Point-by-Point .
Whole-to-Whole or Block Strategy
Whole-to-Whole or Block Strategy • In this structure, you say everything about one item then everything about the other. • For instance, say everything about the characters, setting, and plot for the book THEN everything about the characters, setting, and plot for the movie.
Similarities-to-Differences Strategy
In this structure, you explain all the similarities about the items being compared and then you explain all the differences. For instance, you might explain that the characters and plot were similar in both the book and movie in the one section. In the next section, you could explain that the settings were different. The book took place during the summer while the movie took place during the winter.
Point by Point
Point-by-Point Strategy In this structure, you explain one point of comparison before moving to the next point. For instance, you would write about the characters in the book and movie in one section; then you would write about the setting in the book and movie in the next section.
Point-by-Point comparison and contrast uses a separate section or paragraph for each point. Point #1 for your paper could be information about the characters in the book and the movie. You'd begin a new section or paragraph for Point #2. For consistency, begin with the same item in each section of your point-by-point paper. For instance, for each point that you discuss, explain the information about the book first and then about the movie.
When you want to Compare: Same Also Both Too Alike Likewise Similar Similarly Parallel In the same way
When you want to contrast: -Differently -Either…or -Consequently -Divergent -Oppositely -But -Contrasting -However -Other -Still -On the other hand -Even though -Neither…nor -Although -Distinct
The outline you were given is in point-by-point format. Complete the outline, THEN begin writing your essay! It will be due on Wednesday! You will turn in both the outline and the essay. Your Assignment
Your introduction must be 4-5 sentences • Begin with a basic intro to the paragraph that shows it is a comparison/contrast essay • Give some background about OMAM • Give some background about WEGG • Add thesis statement! Getting Started…
NO FIRST PERSON (I, me, my, I think, etc.) DO NOT “STATE THE OBVIOUS” (ex: This paragraph is about…” “That is how they are the same….” etc.) Body paragraphs must be 3.8! Intro and conclusion paragraphs are 4-5 sentences. Essay Tips
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Alternate the details from comparison or contrast to. 1:Introduction and thesis. give of the similarities between both. Paragraph 3: between both. give. Paragraph 4: (spring and autumn) of the differences. Organizing.
The first key to writing a successful comparison/contrast essay is to organize it carefully. There are two ways to do this: • Point-by-point organization • Block organization. 6. Point-by-Point Organization Suppose, for example, that you want to compare jobs.
A compare-and-contrast essay, then, analyzes two subjects by comparing them, contrasting them, or both. A comparison-and-contrast essay uses factual details to analyze the similarities and differences between two or more two or more people, places, things, or events. 6. Transitional Words and Phrases that Signal Comparison and Contrast.
The Comparison and Contrast Guide outlines the characteristics of the genre and provides direct instruction on the methods of organizing, gathering ideas, and writing comparison and contrast essays.
This document provides instructions for writing a compare and contrast essay. It explains that the essay requires selecting two comparable subjects and analyzing their similarities and differences. The writer should establish a main idea and structure. First, the subjects should be chosen and have some similarities but also differences to compare.
Making effective comparisons. As the name suggests, comparing and contrasting is about identifying both similarities and differences. You might focus on contrasting quite different subjects or comparing subjects with a lot in common—but there must be some grounds for comparison in the first place. For example, you might contrast French ...
To compare means to point out similarities. To contrast means to point out differences. 3 A Comparison/contrast essay shows how things are alike or different to help the reader choose between alternatives. Two things must be alike enough to result in a meaningful comparison. Choose subjects that are similar enough to be compared or contrasted.
PURPOSE: To reveal similarities and/or differences between two subjects or things. Compare contrast essays are used to examine two or more subjects and the similarities and/or differences between them. The task of this type of essay is to clarify something unknown by analyzing it next to something with which the reader is familiar. It is important that your thesis statement clearly states ...
1. Begin by Brainstorming With a Venn Diagram. The best compare and contrast essays demonstrate a high level of analysis. This means you will need to brainstorm before you begin writing. A Venn diagram is a great visual tool for brainstorming compare and contrast essay topics.
A comparison, shows how two or more things are similar. Contrast shows how they are different. 3 Establishing a basis for comparison. Before you can compare and contrast two things, you must be sure a basis for comparison exists—that two things have enough in common to justify the comparison. A comparison should lead you beyond the obvious.
Here is a quick breakdown: * Paragraph 1: Introduction (with Thesis Statement) * Paragraph 2: Body paragraph 1 - similarities * Paragraph 3: Body Paragraph 2 - differences * Paragraph 4: Conclusion. Another important thing is using comparison and contrast connectors to make your sentences & paragraphs clearer.
6. Share your paragraph with a classmate and then complete a peer review. Use the Peer Review Worksheet in Appendix 1 or use the Peer Review Worksheet specifi cally for comparison and contrast essays on the companion website. 7. Revise your paragraph for coherence, taking care to check your use of transitions.
4. Outline your body paragraphs based on point-by-point comparison. This is the more common method used in the comparison and contrast essay. [6] You can write a paragraph about each characteristic of both locations, comparing the locations in the same paragraph.
This product is a powerpoint presentation on compare / contrast essay writing (focusing on literature). It explains what a compare and contrast essay is and it discusses two methods for writing the essay (block method and point-by-point method). It also provides a list of transitional words and phrases to use when writing this type of essay.
2. A comparison and contrast essay explains the similarities and differences between two topics (ideas, people, or things). You can follow these steps when writing a comparison and contrast essay: 1. Have and introduction (relevant information about the 2 topics being compared and contrasted) • 2.
College Compare-Contrast Essay • Purpose: to compare and contrast two colleges and three criteria (cost, location, size, etc.). • Assignment: Locate two colleges in which you are interested. Research the pros and cons of each (brainstorm worksheet). • Length: 3 pages; 4 - 5 paragraphs (depends on which pattern you chose).
This product is a powerpoint presentation on compare/contrast essay writing (focusing on literature). It explains what a compare and contrast essay is and it discusses two methods for writing the essay (block method and point-by-point method). It also provides a list of transitional words and phrases to use when writing this type of essay.
A compare-and-contrast essay is a form of academic writing that requires you to examine the similarities and differences between two subjects. Compare-and-contrast essays can take many forms, and the subject matter can range from books to people to historical events or even abstract concepts and theories. Regardless of the topic, the key to any ...
Comparison/Contrast Writing Comparison/contrast writing fits into the category of expository writing—writing to explain or inform. Writing a comparison/contrast paper involves comparing and contrasting two subjects. A comparison shows how two things are alike. A contrast shows how two things are different. Comparison/Contrast Essays.
This presentation introduces young readers to several important text structures. Through examples, pictures, and practice, students will learn how to identify and use the text structures of sequence, description, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution.
452. $4.99. Zip. If you are teaching your students about how to compare and contrast characters, settings, and events using a Venn diagram, take a look at this 33-slide compare and contrast PowerPoint. Students will learn how to plan, organize, and write a compare and contrast essay.
Examples Here are a few examples of thesis statements for compare/contrast essays. Notice that I have used three-part thesis statements. Notice that I have used three-part thesis statements. This will make it easier to create an outline and write your essay because it will allow you to write an introduction, a conclusion and at least three ...