case study of psychology class 12

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CBSE Class 12 Psychology Important Case Study Based Questions 2023: Read and Solve for Tomorrow's Exam

Psychology important case study questions for cbse class 12: practice important psychology case study-based questions for cbse class 12. these questions are important for the upcoming cbse class 12 psychology board exam 2023..

  CBSE Class 12 Psychology Exam 2023: Hello students! kudos to the efforts you put into tackling your 2023 board examinations. We understand that the last few weeks were tremendously tiring, both mentally and physically. Don’t worry, take a deep breath and relax as this is the final phase of your CBSE examination 2023. The class 12 Psychology exam is the last in the lane. Its paper code is 037. The exam is planned for 05th April 2023, that is, tomorrow. The exam will be for 3 hours scheduled between 10.30 AM to 01.30 PM. We believe you have already solved the sample question and previous year papers for Class 12 Psychology and must be aware of the exam pattern. If not, please refer to the links below.

• CBSE Class 12 Psychology Previous Year Question Papers: Download pdf
• CBSE Board Class 12 Psychology Sample Paper 2022-23 in PDF

CBSE Class 12 Psychology, Important Case Study-Based Questions:

Case 1: .

Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow: 

Sundar, a college-going 20-year-old male, has moved from his home town to live in a big city. He has continuous fear of insecurity and feels that enemy soldiers are following him. He gets very tense when he spots anyone in a uniform and feels that they are coming to catch him. This intense anxiety is interfering with his work and relationship, and his friends are extremely concerned as it does not make any sense to them. Sundar occasionally laughs abruptly and inappropriately and sometimes stops speaking mid-sentence, scanning off in the distance as though he sees or hears something. He expresses concern about the television and radio in the room potentially being monitored by the enemies. His beliefs are fixed and if they are challenged, his tone becomes hostile. 

Q1. Based on the symptoms being exhibited, identify the disorder. Explain the other symptoms that can be seen in this disorder.

Q2. Define delusion and inappropriate affect. Support it with the symptoms given in the above case study.

Read the case and answer the questions that follow. 

Alfred  Binet, in 1905,  was requested by the French government to devise a method by which students who experienced difficulty in school could be identified.  Binet and his colleague,  Theodore  Simon,  began developing questions that focused on areas not explicitly taught in schools those days, such as memory, and attention skills related to problem-solving.  Using these questions, Binet determined which were the ones that served as the best predictors of school success. 

Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa.  Based on this observation, Binet suggested the concept of mental age or a measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children of a  certain age group.  This first intelligence test is referred to as the Binet-Simon  Scale. He insisted that intelligence is influenced by many factors, it changes over time,  and it can only be compared in children with similar backgrounds. 

Q1 . Identify the approach on which the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale is based. Discuss its features.

Q2 . ‘Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa’. Why do individuals differ in intelligence? Using examples, give reasons for your answer.

Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow :

All the Indian settlers were contemptuously and without distinction dubbed “coolies” and forbidden to walk on footpaths or be out at night without permits. 

Mahatma Gandhi quickly discovered colour discrimination in South Africa and confronted the realisation that being Indian subjected him to it as well. At a particular train station, railway employees ordered him out of the carriage despite his possessing a first-class ticket. Then on the stagecoach for the next leg of his journey, the coachman, who was white, boxed his ears. A Johannesburg hotel also barred him from lodging there. Indians were commonly forbidden to own land in Natal, while ownership was more permissible for native-born people. 

In 1894, the Natal Bar Association tried to reject Gandhi on the basis of race. He was nearly lynched in 1897 upon returning from India while disembarking from a ship moored at Durban after he, his family, and 600 other Indians had been forcibly quarantined, allegedly due to medical fears that they carried plague germs. 

Q1. What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination ? On the

basis of the incidents in the above case study, identify a situation for each

which are examples of prejudice and discrimination.

Q2. What do you think could have been a source of these prejudices ? Explain

any two sources. 

Read the given case carefully and answer the questions that follow: 

Harish belonged to a family of four children, him being the eldest. Unlike any first born, he was not given the attention he should have had. His father worked as an accountant, while his mother stayed at home to look after the kids. He dropped out of school and could barely manage to get work for a little salary.

His relationship with his family played an important role in building his disposition. He felt a certain feeling of insecurity with his siblings, especially his brother Tarun, who was able to finish college because of parental support.

Due to the hopelessness Harish felt, he started engaging in drinking alcohol with his high school friends. Parental negligence caused emotional turmoil. He also had insomnia which he used as a reason for drinking every night.

Over time, Harish had to drink more to feel the effects of the alcohol. He got grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to drink or when he tried to quit.

In such a case, the school would be the ideal setting for early identification and intervention. In addition, his connection to school would be one of the most significant protective factors for substance abuse. His school implemented a variety of early intervention strategies which did not help him as he was irregular and soon left school. Some protective factors in school would be the ability to genuinely experience positive emotions through good communication.

(i)It has been found that certain family systems are likely to produce abnormal functioning in individual members.

In the light of the above statement, the factors underlying Harish's condition can be related to model.

(A) Humanistic

(B) Behavioural

(C) Socio-cultural 

(D) Psychodynamic

(ii) Over time, Harish needed to drink more before he could feel the effects of the alcohol. This means that he built a alcohol. towards the

(A) Withdrawal

(B) Tolerance

(C) Stress inoculation

(D) All of the above

(iii)He got grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to drink or when he tried to quit. This refers to

(A) Low willpower symptoms.

(B) Addiction symptoms

(C) Withdrawal symptoms

(D) Tolerance symptoms

(iv) Which of the following is not true about substance related and addictive disorders?

(A) Alcoholism unites millions of families through social interactions and get-togethers.

(B) Intoxicated drivers are responsible for many road accidents. 

(C) It also has serious effects on the children of persons with this disorder.

(D) Excessive drinking can seriously damage physical health.

Read the given case carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Monty was only 16 years when he dealt with mixed emotions for every couple of months. He shares that sometimes he felt like he was on top of the world and that nobody could stop him. He would be extremely confident. Once these feelings subsided, he would become depressed and lock himself in the room. He would neither open the door for anyone nor come out.

He shares, "My grades were dropping as I started to breathe rapidly and worry about almost everything under the sun. I felt nervous, restless and tense, with an increased heart rate. My family tried to help but I wasn't ready to accept." His father took him to the doctor, who diagnosed him. Teenage is a tough phase as teenagers face various emotional and psychological issues. How can one differentiate that from a disorder? Watch out when one is hopeless and feels helpless. Or, when one is not able to control the powerful emotions. It has to be confirmed by a medical practitioner.

During his sessions, Monty tries to clear many myths. He gives his perspective of what he experienced and the treatment challenges. "When I was going through it, I wish I had met someone with similar experiences so that I could have talked to her/him and understood why I was behaving the way I was. By talking openly, I hope to help someone to cope with it and believe that it is going to be fine one day."

Now, for the last five years Monty has been off medication and he is leading a regular life. Society is opening up to address mental health issues in a positive way, but it always helps to listen to someone who has been through it.

(i)Monty's symptoms are likely to be those of

(A) ADHD and anxiety disorder

(B) Bipolar disorder and generalised anxiety disorder 

(C) Generalised anxiety disorder and oppositional defiant disorder

(D) Schizophrenia

(ii) During his sessions, Monty tried to clear many myths. Which one of the following is a myth?

(A) Normality is the same as conformity to social norms.

(B) Adaptive behaviour is not simply maintenance and survival but also includes growth and fulfilment.

(C) People are hesitant to consult a doctor or a psychologist because they are ashamed of their problems.

(D) Genetic and biochemical factors are involved in causing mental disorders.

(iii) With an understanding of Monty's condition, which of the following is a likely symptom he may also be experiencing?

(A) Frequent washing of hands

(B) Assuming alternate personalities

(C) Persistent body related symptoms, which may or may not be related to any serious medical condition

(D) Prolonged, vague, unexplained and intense fears that are not attached to any particular object

(iv) Teenage is a tough phase as teenagers face various emotional and psychological issues. The disorder manifested in the early stage of development is classified as,

(A) Feeding and eating disorder

(B) Trauma and stressor related disorder

(C) Neurodevelopmental disorder

(D) Somatic symptom disorder

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• On what day CBSE Class 12 Psychology 2023 exam is? + As per the official schedule, the CBSE class 12 psychology exam will be conducted on 05th April 2023. It would a Wednesday.
• Is it important to solve case study questions for CBSE Class 12 Psychology exam? + Yes, as per the updates made by the CBSE Board in the past few years, the psychology paper now carries case study questions. It is of 4 marks with multiple subparts. Thus, students are advised to practice case-based questions to score fully in this section.
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CBSE Class 12 Psychology Exam 2023 : Important Case Study Based Questions with Solutions

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The exam is planned for 05th April 2023, that is, tomorrow. The exam will be for 3 hours scheduled between 10.30 AM to 01.30 PM.

As you know the tail segment of the paper comprises case study-based questions that require deep thinking and an eye for details. To help you with that, we have added important case study-based questions for your practice. Keep up with this post for the questions.

Case 1: 

Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow: 

Sundar, a college-going 20-year-old male, has moved from his home town to live in a big city. He has continuous fear of insecurity and feels that enemy soldiers are following him. He gets very tense when he spots anyone in a uniform and feels that they are coming to catch him. This intense anxiety is interfering with his work and relationship, and his friends are extremely concerned as it does not make any sense to them. Sundar occasionally laughs abruptly and inappropriately and sometimes stops speaking mid-sentence, scanning off in the distance as though he sees or hears something. He expresses concern about the television and radio in the room potentially being monitored by the enemies. His beliefs are fixed and if they are challenged, his tone becomes hostile. 

Q1.  Based on the symptoms being exhibited, identify the disorder. Explain the other symptoms that can be seen in this disorder.

Q2.  Define delusion and inappropriate affect. Support it with the symptoms given in the above case study.

Read the case and answer the questions that follow. 

Alfred  Binet, in 1905,  was requested by the French government to devise a method by which students who experienced difficulty in school could be identified.  Binet and his colleague,  Theodore  Simon,  began developing questions that focused on areas not explicitly taught in schools those days, such as memory, and attention skills related to problem-solving.  Using these questions, Binet determined which were the ones that served as the best predictors of school success. 

Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa.  Based on this observation, Binet suggested the concept of mental age or a measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children of a  certain age group.  This first intelligence test is referred to as the Binet-Simon  Scale. He insisted that intelligence is influenced by many factors, it changes over time,  and it can only be compared in children with similar backgrounds. 

Q1 . Identify the approach on which the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale is based. Discuss its features.

Q2 . ‘Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa’. Why do individuals differ in intelligence? Using examples, give reasons for your answer.

Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow :

All the Indian settlers were contemptuously and without distinction dubbed “coolies” and forbidden to walk on footpaths or be out at night without permits. 

Mahatma Gandhi quickly discovered colour discrimination in South Africa and confronted the realisation that being Indian subjected him to it as well. At a particular train station, railway employees ordered him out of the carriage despite his possessing a first-class ticket. Then on the stagecoach for the next leg of his journey, the coachman, who was white, boxed his ears. A Johannesburg hotel also barred him from lodging there. Indians were commonly forbidden to own land in Natal, while ownership was more permissible for native-born people. 

In 1894, the Natal Bar Association tried to reject Gandhi on the basis of race. He was nearly lynched in 1897 upon returning from India while disembarking from a ship moored at Durban after he, his family, and 600 other Indians had been forcibly quarantined, allegedly due to medical fears that they carried plague germs. 

Q1.  What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination ? On the

basis of the incidents in the above case study, identify a situation for each

which are examples of prejudice and discrimination.

Q2.  What do you think could have been a source of these prejudices ? Explain

any two sources. 

Read the given case carefully and answer the questions that follow: 

Harish belonged to a family of four children, him being the eldest. Unlike any first born, he was not given the attention he should have had. His father worked as an accountant, while his mother stayed at home to look after the kids. He dropped out of school and could barely manage to get work for a little salary.

His relationship with his family played an important role in building his disposition. He felt a certain feeling of insecurity with his siblings, especially his brother Tarun, who was able to finish college because of parental support.

Due to the hopelessness Harish felt, he started engaging in drinking alcohol with his high school friends. Parental negligence caused emotional turmoil. He also had insomnia which he used as a reason for drinking every night.

Over time, Harish had to drink more to feel the effects of the alcohol. He got grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to drink or when he tried to quit.

In such a case, the school would be the ideal setting for early identification and intervention. In addition, his connection to school would be one of the most significant protective factors for substance abuse. His school implemented a variety of early intervention strategies which did not help him as he was irregular and soon left school. Some protective factors in school would be the ability to genuinely experience positive emotions through good communication.

(i)It has been found that certain family systems are likely to produce abnormal functioning in individual members.

In the light of the above statement, the factors underlying Harish's condition can be related to model.

(A) Humanistic

(B) Behavioural

(C) Socio-cultural 

(D) Psychodynamic

(ii) Over time, Harish needed to drink more before he could feel the effects of the alcohol. This means that he built a alcohol. towards the

(A) Withdrawal

(B) Tolerance

(C) Stress inoculation

(D) All of the above

(iii)He got grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to drink or when he tried to quit. This refers to

(A) Low willpower symptoms.

(B) Addiction symptoms

(C) Withdrawal symptoms

(D) Tolerance symptoms

(iv) Which of the following is not true about substance related and addictive disorders?

(A) Alcoholism unites millions of families through social interactions and get-togethers.

(B) Intoxicated drivers are responsible for many road accidents. 

(C) It also has serious effects on the children of persons with this disorder.

(D) Excessive drinking can seriously damage physical health.

Read the given case carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Monty was only 16 years when he dealt with mixed emotions for every couple of months. He shares that sometimes he felt like he was on top of the world and that nobody could stop him. He would be extremely confident. Once these feelings subsided, he would become depressed and lock himself in the room. He would neither open the door for anyone nor come out.

He shares, "My grades were dropping as I started to breathe rapidly and worry about almost everything under the sun. I felt nervous, restless and tense, with an increased heart rate. My family tried to help but I wasn't ready to accept." His father took him to the doctor, who diagnosed him. Teenage is a tough phase as teenagers face various emotional and psychological issues. How can one differentiate that from a disorder? Watch out when one is hopeless and feels helpless. Or, when one is not able to control the powerful emotions. It has to be confirmed by a medical practitioner.

During his sessions, Monty tries to clear many myths. He gives his perspective of what he experienced and the treatment challenges. "When I was going through it, I wish I had met someone with similar experiences so that I could have talked to her/him and understood why I was behaving the way I was. By talking openly, I hope to help someone to cope with it and believe that it is going to be fine one day."

Now, for the last five years Monty has been off medication and he is leading a regular life. Society is opening up to address mental health issues in a positive way, but it always helps to listen to someone who has been through it.

(i)Monty's symptoms are likely to be those of

(A) ADHD and anxiety disorder

(B) Bipolar disorder and generalised anxiety disorder 

(C) Generalised anxiety disorder and oppositional defiant disorder

(D) Schizophrenia

(ii) During his sessions, Monty tried to clear many myths. Which one of the following is a myth?

(A) Normality is the same as conformity to social norms.

(B) Adaptive behaviour is not simply maintenance and survival but also includes growth and fulfilment.

(C) People are hesitant to consult a doctor or a psychologist because they are ashamed of their problems.

(D) Genetic and biochemical factors are involved in causing mental disorders.

(iii) With an understanding of Monty's condition, which of the following is a likely symptom he may also be experiencing?

(A) Frequent washing of hands

(B) Assuming alternate personalities

(C) Persistent body related symptoms, which may or may not be related to any serious medical condition

(D) Prolonged, vague, unexplained and intense fears that are not attached to any particular object

(iv) Teenage is a tough phase as teenagers face various emotional and psychological issues. The disorder manifested in the early stage of development is classified as,

(A) Feeding and eating disorder

(B) Trauma and stressor related disorder

(C) Neurodevelopmental disorder

(D) Somatic symptom disorder

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Case Study Research Method in Psychology

Saul Mcleod, PhD

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul Mcleod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

Learn about our Editorial Process

Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc

Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Psychology of Education

Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors.

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Case studies are in-depth investigations of a person, group, event, or community. Typically, data is gathered from various sources using several methods (e.g., observations & interviews).

The case study research method originated in clinical medicine (the case history, i.e., the patient’s personal history). In psychology, case studies are often confined to the study of a particular individual.

The information is mainly biographical and relates to events in the individual’s past (i.e., retrospective), as well as to significant events that are currently occurring in his or her everyday life.

The case study is not a research method, but researchers select methods of data collection and analysis that will generate material suitable for case studies.

Freud (1909a, 1909b) conducted very detailed investigations into the private lives of his patients in an attempt to both understand and help them overcome their illnesses.

This makes it clear that the case study is a method that should only be used by a psychologist, therapist, or psychiatrist, i.e., someone with a professional qualification.

There is an ethical issue of competence. Only someone qualified to diagnose and treat a person can conduct a formal case study relating to atypical (i.e., abnormal) behavior or atypical development.

 Famous Case Studies

• Anna O – One of the most famous case studies, documenting psychoanalyst Josef Breuer’s treatment of “Anna O” (real name Bertha Pappenheim) for hysteria in the late 1800s using early psychoanalytic theory.
• Little Hans – A child psychoanalysis case study published by Sigmund Freud in 1909 analyzing his five-year-old patient Herbert Graf’s house phobia as related to the Oedipus complex.
• Bruce/Brenda – Gender identity case of the boy (Bruce) whose botched circumcision led psychologist John Money to advise gender reassignment and raise him as a girl (Brenda) in the 1960s.
• Genie Wiley – Linguistics/psychological development case of the victim of extreme isolation abuse who was studied in 1970s California for effects of early language deprivation on acquiring speech later in life.
• Phineas Gage – One of the most famous neuropsychology case studies analyzes personality changes in railroad worker Phineas Gage after an 1848 brain injury involving a tamping iron piercing his skull.

Clinical Case Studies

• Studying the effectiveness of psychotherapy approaches with an individual patient
• Assessing and treating mental illnesses like depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD
• Neuropsychological cases investigating brain injuries or disorders

Child Psychology Case Studies

• Studying psychological development from birth through adolescence
• Cases of learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD
• Effects of trauma, abuse, deprivation on development

Types of Case Studies

• Explanatory case studies : Used to explore causation in order to find underlying principles. Helpful for doing qualitative analysis to explain presumed causal links.
• Exploratory case studies : Used to explore situations where an intervention being evaluated has no clear set of outcomes. It helps define questions and hypotheses for future research.
• Descriptive case studies : Describe an intervention or phenomenon and the real-life context in which it occurred. It is helpful for illustrating certain topics within an evaluation.
• Multiple-case studies : Used to explore differences between cases and replicate findings across cases. Helpful for comparing and contrasting specific cases.
• Intrinsic : Used to gain a better understanding of a particular case. Helpful for capturing the complexity of a single case.
• Collective : Used to explore a general phenomenon using multiple case studies. Helpful for jointly studying a group of cases in order to inquire into the phenomenon.

Where Do You Find Data for a Case Study?

There are several places to find data for a case study. The key is to gather data from multiple sources to get a complete picture of the case and corroborate facts or findings through triangulation of evidence. Most of this information is likely qualitative (i.e., verbal description rather than measurement), but the psychologist might also collect numerical data.

1. Primary sources

• Interviews – Interviewing key people related to the case to get their perspectives and insights. The interview is an extremely effective procedure for obtaining information about an individual, and it may be used to collect comments from the person’s friends, parents, employer, workmates, and others who have a good knowledge of the person, as well as to obtain facts from the person him or herself.
• Observations – Observing behaviors, interactions, processes, etc., related to the case as they unfold in real-time.
• Documents & Records – Reviewing private documents, diaries, public records, correspondence, meeting minutes, etc., relevant to the case.

2. Secondary sources

• News/Media – News coverage of events related to the case study.
• Academic articles – Journal articles, dissertations etc. that discuss the case.
• Government reports – Official data and records related to the case context.
• Books/films – Books, documentaries or films discussing the case.

3. Archival records

Searching historical archives, museum collections and databases to find relevant documents, visual/audio records related to the case history and context.

Public archives like newspapers, organizational records, photographic collections could all include potentially relevant pieces of information to shed light on attitudes, cultural perspectives, common practices and historical contexts related to psychology.

4. Organizational records

Organizational records offer the advantage of often having large datasets collected over time that can reveal or confirm psychological insights.

Of course, privacy and ethical concerns regarding confidential data must be navigated carefully.

However, with proper protocols, organizational records can provide invaluable context and empirical depth to qualitative case studies exploring the intersection of psychology and organizations.

• Organizational/industrial psychology research : Organizational records like employee surveys, turnover/retention data, policies, incident reports etc. may provide insight into topics like job satisfaction, workplace culture and dynamics, leadership issues, employee behaviors etc.
• Clinical psychology : Therapists/hospitals may grant access to anonymized medical records to study aspects like assessments, diagnoses, treatment plans etc. This could shed light on clinical practices.
• School psychology : Studies could utilize anonymized student records like test scores, grades, disciplinary issues, and counseling referrals to study child development, learning barriers, effectiveness of support programs, and more.

How do I Write a Case Study in Psychology?

Follow specified case study guidelines provided by a journal or your psychology tutor. General components of clinical case studies include: background, symptoms, assessments, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Interpreting the information means the researcher decides what to include or leave out. A good case study should always clarify which information is the factual description and which is an inference or the researcher’s opinion.

1. Introduction

• Provide background on the case context and why it is of interest, presenting background information like demographics, relevant history, and presenting problem.
• Compare briefly to similar published cases if applicable. Clearly state the focus/importance of the case.

2. Case Presentation

• Describe the presenting problem in detail, including symptoms, duration,and impact on daily life.
• Include client demographics like age and gender, information about social relationships, and mental health history.
• Describe all physical, emotional, and/or sensory symptoms reported by the client.
• Use patient quotes to describe the initial complaint verbatim. Follow with full-sentence summaries of relevant history details gathered, including key components that led to a working diagnosis.
• Summarize clinical exam results, namely orthopedic/neurological tests, imaging, lab tests, etc. Note actual results rather than subjective conclusions. Provide images if clearly reproducible/anonymized.
• Clearly state the working diagnosis or clinical impression before transitioning to management.

3. Management and Outcome

• Indicate the total duration of care and number of treatments given over what timeframe. Use specific names/descriptions for any therapies/interventions applied.
• Present the results of the intervention,including any quantitative or qualitative data collected.
• For outcomes, utilize visual analog scales for pain, medication usage logs, etc., if possible. Include patient self-reports of improvement/worsening of symptoms. Note the reason for discharge/end of care.

4. Discussion

• Analyze the case, exploring contributing factors, limitations of the study, and connections to existing research.
• Analyze the effectiveness of the intervention,considering factors like participant adherence, limitations of the study, and potential alternative explanations for the results.
• Identify any questions raised in the case analysis and relate insights to established theories and current research if applicable. Avoid definitive claims about physiological explanations.
• Offer clinical implications, and suggest future research directions.

5. Additional Items

• Thank specific assistants for writing support only. No patient acknowledgments.
• References should directly support any key claims or quotes included.
• Use tables/figures/images only if substantially informative. Include permissions and legends/explanatory notes.
• Provides detailed (rich qualitative) information.
• Provides insight for further research.
• Permitting investigation of otherwise impractical (or unethical) situations.

Case studies allow a researcher to investigate a topic in far more detail than might be possible if they were trying to deal with a large number of research participants (nomothetic approach) with the aim of ‘averaging’.

Because of their in-depth, multi-sided approach, case studies often shed light on aspects of human thinking and behavior that would be unethical or impractical to study in other ways.

Research that only looks into the measurable aspects of human behavior is not likely to give us insights into the subjective dimension of experience, which is important to psychoanalytic and humanistic psychologists.

Case studies are often used in exploratory research. They can help us generate new ideas (that might be tested by other methods). They are an important way of illustrating theories and can help show how different aspects of a person’s life are related to each other.

The method is, therefore, important for psychologists who adopt a holistic point of view (i.e., humanistic psychologists ).

Limitations

• Lacking scientific rigor and providing little basis for generalization of results to the wider population.
• Researchers’ own subjective feelings may influence the case study (researcher bias).
• Difficult to replicate.
• Time-consuming and expensive.
• The volume of data, together with the time restrictions in place, impacted the depth of analysis that was possible within the available resources.

Because a case study deals with only one person/event/group, we can never be sure if the case study investigated is representative of the wider body of “similar” instances. This means the conclusions drawn from a particular case may not be transferable to other settings.

Because case studies are based on the analysis of qualitative (i.e., descriptive) data , a lot depends on the psychologist’s interpretation of the information she has acquired.

This means that there is a lot of scope for Anna O , and it could be that the subjective opinions of the psychologist intrude in the assessment of what the data means.

For example, Freud has been criticized for producing case studies in which the information was sometimes distorted to fit particular behavioral theories (e.g., Little Hans ).

This is also true of Money’s interpretation of the Bruce/Brenda case study (Diamond, 1997) when he ignored evidence that went against his theory.

Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (1895).  Studies on hysteria . Standard Edition 2: London.

Curtiss, S. (1981). Genie: The case of a modern wild child .

Diamond, M., & Sigmundson, K. (1997). Sex Reassignment at Birth: Long-term Review and Clinical Implications. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , 151(3), 298-304

Freud, S. (1909a). Analysis of a phobia of a five year old boy. In The Pelican Freud Library (1977), Vol 8, Case Histories 1, pages 169-306

Freud, S. (1909b). Bemerkungen über einen Fall von Zwangsneurose (Der “Rattenmann”). Jb. psychoanal. psychopathol. Forsch ., I, p. 357-421; GW, VII, p. 379-463; Notes upon a case of obsessional neurosis, SE , 10: 151-318.

Harlow J. M. (1848). Passage of an iron rod through the head.  Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 39 , 389–393.

Harlow, J. M. (1868).  Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar through the Head .  Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society. 2  (3), 327-347.

Money, J., & Ehrhardt, A. A. (1972).  Man & Woman, Boy & Girl : The Differentiation and Dimorphism of Gender Identity from Conception to Maturity. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Money, J., & Tucker, P. (1975). Sexual signatures: On being a man or a woman.

Further Information

• Case Study Approach
• Case Study Method
• Enhancing the Quality of Case Studies in Health Services Research
• “We do things together” A case study of “couplehood” in dementia
• Using mixed methods for evaluating an integrative approach to cancer care: a case study

Related Articles

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Cross-Cultural Research Methodology In Psychology

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Research Methodology , Statistics

What Is Face Validity In Research? Importance & How To Measure

Criterion Validity: Definition & Examples

Convergent Validity: Definition and Examples

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Class 12 Psychology Sample Papers & Revision Notes

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Case Study On Ocd For 12 CBSE (Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder)

Table of Contents

Acknowledgment

In acknowledging the myriad contributions that have sculpted this project into a comprehensive exploration of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), I extend my heartfelt appreciation to those who have played pivotal roles in its development.

Firstly, I express gratitude to the individuals who generously shared their insights and experiences, enriching this study with personal narratives that breathe life into the clinical framework of OCD. Your openness and willingness to contribute have added depth and authenticity to this exploration.

A sincere thank you extends to mental health professionals whose expertise and guidance have been instrumental in shaping the clinical aspects of this project. Their dedication to advancing our understanding of OCD and commitment to supporting those affected by it are invaluable.

The wealth of knowledge drawn from reputable academic sources forms the bedrock of this study. I extend appreciation to the authors and researchers whose work has illuminated the intricate landscape of OCD, providing the framework for our exploration.

To those who have participated in interviews and consultations, your willingness to share expertise has been instrumental. Your perspectives have broadened the scope of this project, fostering a holistic understanding of the multifaceted nature of OCD.

In crafting this project, I am grateful for the support systems that have played integral roles. Family and friends, who form the cornerstone of personal networks, deserve acknowledgment for their understanding, encouragement, and unwavering support throughout the research process.

Finally, I extend appreciation to the broader community dedicated to mental health advocacy. Your efforts contribute to a collective movement fostering awareness, empathy, and destigmatization of mental health issues.

This project stands as a testament to the collaborative spirit that fuels progress in our understanding of mental health. Each contribution, whether personal, professional, or academic, has left an indelible mark on this exploration of OCD, reflecting a shared commitment to fostering a compassionate and informed approach to mental health challenges.

Introduction

Embarking on a profound exploration of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), this project aims to unravel the intricacies of a condition that extends beyond the surface of its clinical definition. In the distinctive style we’ve come to know as the “Matthew style,” we delve into the realms of mental health, recognizing the importance of studying issues that impact individuals on a deeply personal level.

The purpose of this case study is twofold: firstly, to illuminate the myriad manifestations of OCD and, secondly, to provide a nuanced understanding of its profound impact on an individual’s daily life. In the grand tapestry of human experiences, mental health issues are threads that weave through the stories of countless individuals. By shedding light on OCD, we contribute to a broader conversation aimed at fostering empathy, awareness, and ultimately, a more compassionate approach to those navigating the complex terrain of mental health challenges.

Our journey begins with an exploration of general information about OCD, including prevalence, statistics, and common age of onset. We’ll delve into the causes and risk factors, recognizing the interplay of biological, genetic, and environmental elements that contribute to the development of this intricate condition.

Moving beyond the theoretical landscape, we’ll introduce Sarah, a pseudonymous individual whose journey becomes a focal point for our investigation. Through her case history, we’ll unravel the early signs, symptoms, and the familial context that shapes her narrative. The clinical manifestations of obsessions and compulsions, the very heart of OCD, will be explored in the context of Sarah’s daily life.

The diagnostic and assessment phase will pull back the curtain on the professional evaluation processes, involving mental health professionals and utilizing tools such as interviews, psychological tests, and observations. As we transition into treatment approaches, we’ll navigate the realms of medication and psychotherapy, unraveling the strategies employed to alleviate the burdens of OCD.

Beyond the clinical lens, we’ll delve into the impact of OCD on Sarah’s daily life, examining educational challenges and the dynamics of her personal relationships. Coping strategies, both within personal networks and through broader community resources, will be illuminated, offering insights into the resilience and strength exhibited by individuals contending with OCD.

Background Information

A. General information about OCD

• Prevalence and statistics : Matthew Style: Let’s explore the prevalence and statistical aspects of OCD, gaining insights into how widespread this condition is in our society.
• Common age of onset : Matthew Style: Understanding the age at which OCD typically surfaces is pivotal in recognizing and addressing it early on.

B. Causes and risk factors

• Biological factors : Matthew Style: Biological underpinnings play a role in the development of OCD, and we’ll delve into these factors to unravel the roots of the disorder.
• Genetic predisposition : Matthew Style: We’ll examine the genetic aspects that might contribute to the predisposition of individuals towards OCD.
• Environmental triggers : Matthew Style: Environmental factors can act as catalysts, triggering the onset or exacerbation of OCD symptoms. Let’s explore these triggers.

Case Study Overview

A. Selection of the individual

• Pseudonym and basic demographics : Matthew Style: Meet Sarah, a pseudonym for our focal individual, offering a glimpse into her world. We’ll also touch upon key demographics, providing context to her story.
• Rationale for choosing this case : Matthew Style: The selection of Sarah’s case is intentional, aiming to highlight a representative narrative that encapsulates the multifaceted nature of OCD.

B. Case history

• Early signs and symptoms : Matthew Style: We’ll unravel the early signs and symptoms exhibited by Sarah, offering a chronological exploration of her journey with OCD.
• Family history of mental health issues : Matthew Style: Understanding the familial context is crucial, as we explore how mental health issues may have influenced Sarah’s experiences.

Clinical Manifestations

A. Obsessions

• Definition and examples : Matthew Style: Obsessions, the intrusive thoughts at the heart of OCD, will be defined, and we’ll delve into real-life examples to illustrate their impact.
• Impact on daily functioning : Matthew Style: We’ll explore how these obsessions ripple through Sarah’s daily life, influencing her choices and actions.

B. Compulsions

• Definition and examples : Matthew Style: Compulsions, the repetitive behaviors individuals engage in to quell anxiety, will be defined with concrete examples for clarity.
• Attempts to alleviate anxiety : Matthew Style: We’ll dissect how Sarah’s compulsions serve as coping mechanisms, providing temporary relief from the anxiety spurred by her obsessions.

Diagnosis and Assessment

A. Professional evaluation

• Involvement of mental health professionals : Matthew Style: Delving into the professional realm, we’ll explore the pivotal role mental health professionals play in diagnosing and assessing OCD.
• Diagnostic criteria for OCD : Matthew Style: Unpacking the diagnostic criteria, we’ll elucidate the benchmarks used to identify and categorize OCD.

B. Tools and methods used in the assessment

• Interviews with the individual and family : Matthew Style: Personal narratives, gleaned from interviews with Sarah and her family, will enrich our understanding of her journey.
• Psychological tests and observations : Matthew Style: Complementing personal accounts, we’ll explore the objective tools and observations employed in the clinical assessment of OCD.

Treatment Approaches

A. Medication

• Overview of common medications for OCD : Matthew Style: Navigating the pharmacological landscape, we’ll provide an overview of common medications prescribed to alleviate OCD symptoms.

Matthew Style: Acknowledging the nuances, we’ll discuss potential side effects and considerations associated with medication-based approaches to managing OCD.

B. Psychotherapy

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) : Matthew Style: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy emerges as a cornerstone in treating OCD, offering insights into how it aids individuals like Sarah in reshaping thought patterns and behaviors.
• Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) : Matthew Style: We’ll explore the therapeutic strategy of Exposure and Response Prevention, shedding light on its efficacy in helping individuals confront and overcome the challenges posed by OCD.

Impact on Daily Life

A. Educational challenges

• School performance : Matthew Style: OCD’s impact extends to academic realms, affecting individuals like Sarah in their school performance, creating hurdles that demand careful consideration.
• Social interactions : Matthew Style: Navigating the intricate landscape of social interactions becomes a unique challenge for those contending with OCD, as we explore how it shapes Sarah’s relationships within the school setting.

B. Personal relationships

• Impact on family dynamics : Matthew Style: Unraveling the ripple effects, we’ll delve into how Sarah’s struggle with OCD reverberates through her family dynamics, shedding light on the adjustments and support systems in place.
• Friends and social life : Matthew Style: Friendships and social engagements are not exempt from the impact of OCD. We’ll explore how Sarah’s condition influences her social life and connections.

Coping Strategies

A. support systems.

• Role of family and friends : Matthew Style: In Sarah’s journey, the support of family and friends emerges as a crucial pillar, underscoring the significant role these relationships play in coping with the challenges posed by OCD.
• Support groups and community resources : Matthew Style: Beyond personal networks, we’ll explore the broader community resources and support groups that contribute to the coping mechanisms available to individuals grappling with OCD.

B. Personal coping mechanisms

• Tec hniques to manage anxiety : Matthew Style: Delving into the toolbox of coping mechanisms, we’ll explore specific techniques that Sarah employs to manage the anxiety stemming from her OCD.
• Long-term strategies for maintaining mental health : Matthew Style: Looking towards the future, we’ll discuss long-term strategies that individuals like Sarah adopt to sustain and promote their mental well-being.

In concluding this comprehensive exploration of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), we find ourselves standing at the intersection of knowledge and empathy. Through the lens of the “Matthew style,” we’ve navigated the complexities of OCD, unraveling its manifestations and impact on the daily life of individuals like our pseudonymous focal point, Sarah.

Summarizing the key findings, it becomes evident that OCD is not a monolithic entity; rather, it manifests uniquely in each individual, leaving an indelible mark on their journey. From the early signs and symptoms to the coping strategies employed, every facet of this disorder contributes to a narrative that extends beyond clinical definitions.

Reflecting on the importance of understanding and addressing OCD, we recognize that knowledge is the cornerstone of empathy. By peeling back the layers of this mental health challenge, we open doors to compassion and dispel misconceptions that may perpetuate stigma. Sarah’s story, though pseudonymous, echoes the experiences of countless others, emphasizing the universality of the human struggle with mental health.

This case study underscores the vital role of mental health professionals, the significance of personal support networks, and the wealth of community resources available. It stands as a testament to the resilience of individuals contending with OCD, showcasing the power of coping mechanisms and the efficacy of treatment approaches like medication and psychotherapy.

A call to action reverberates through these pages—an urgent plea for increased mental health awareness and the destigmatization of conditions like OCD. In embracing this call, we collectively contribute to a society that prioritizes empathy, understanding, and support for those grappling with mental health challenges.

As we acknowledge the extensive references drawn from academic sources and the invaluable insights gained through interviews with mental health professionals, gratitude permeates this conclusion. The collaborative efforts of individuals who contributed to this project have elevated it beyond a mere study, transforming it into a narrative of shared understanding and a beacon guiding us toward a more compassionate discourse on mental health.

Bibliography

• National Institute of Mental Health – OCD
• PubMed – Age at onset of OCD
• Psychiatric Times – Neurobiology of OCD
• American Journal of Medical Genetics – Genetic factors in OCD
• Frontiers in Human Neuroscience – Environmental factors in OCD

III. Case Study Overview

• No specific external reference for this section.
• Psychology Today – Early signs of OCD
• Journal of Abnormal Psychology – Family factors in OCD

IV. Clinical Manifestations

• Anxiety and Depression Association of America – OCD Symptoms
• PubMed – Impact of OCD on daily life
• Verywell Mind – Compulsions in OCD
• Psych Central – Coping with OCD

V. Diagnosis and Assessment

• American Psychiatric Association – OCD Diagnosis
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
• Psychological Assessment – Tools for OCD assessment

VI. Treatment Approaches

• Mayo Clinic – Medications for OCD
• PsychCentral – Side effects of OCD medications
• National Alliance on Mental Illness – CBT for OCD
• International OCD Foundation – ERP

VII. Impact on Daily Life

• Child Mind Institute – OCD and School
• Psych Central – OCD and Social Interaction

Certificate of Completion

This is to certify that I, [Student’s Name], a [Class/Grade Level] student, have successfully completed the project on “Case study on ocd for 12 CBSE (Obsessive–compulsive disorder).” The project explores the fundamental principles and key aspects of the chosen topic, providing a comprehensive understanding of its significance and implications.

In this project, I delved into in-depth research and analysis, investigating various facets and relevant theories related to the chosen topic. I demonstrated dedication, diligence, and a high level of sincerity throughout the project’s completion.

Key Achievements:

Thoroughly researched and analyzed Project on Case study on ocd for 12 CBSE (Obsessive–compulsive disorder) Examined the historical background and evolution of the subject matter. Explored the contributions of notable figures in the field. Investigated the key theories and principles associated with the topic. Discussed practical applications and real-world implications. Considered critical viewpoints and alternative theories, fostering a well-rounded understanding. This project has significantly enhanced my knowledge and critical thinking skills in the chosen field of study. It reflects my commitment to academic excellence and the pursuit of knowledge.

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Class 12 Psychology Chapter 1 Important Questions

Class 12 Psychology Chapter 1 Important Questions of Variations in Psychological Attributes with suitable answers and explanation for session 2024-25. Class 12 Psychology Chapter 1 Extra Questions are helpful for the preparation of topic during the exams.

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Assessment is the measuring of a person’s psychological characteristics and their appraisal in light of a set of benchmarks for comparison, frequently employing various approaches. Any characteristic will only be accepted as being in a person if it can be verified using scientific methods.

Who has proposed first the tribrachic theory of intelligence? According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, there are three different types of intelligence, analytical, distinct, and practical. It was created by renowned psychologist Robert J. Sternberg, whose work frequently examines human intelligence and creativity.

Retardation: According to Binet and Simon, retardation is when a person’s mental age is two years younger than their actual age. German psychologist William Stern created the idea of the intelligence quotient in 1912. (IQ). Mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100, is the definition of IQ.

Why is contextual intelligence important? Contextual intelligence, often known as practical intelligence, is the capacity to respond to the environmental pressures we face every day.

What is aptitude? The ability of a person to pick up new skills or knowledge following training is determined by a variety of traits.

Gifted Traits:

• Strong reasoning, questioning, and problem-solving skills
• Rapid information processing
• Excellent generalization and discrimination skills
• Highly original and creative thinking
• Highly original and creative thinking.

What are the critical attributes of assessment for a psychologist? Intelligence: The global ability to understand the world, think rationally and logically, and use available resources effectively to meet challenges. Aptitude: It refers to an individual’s potential to acquire new skills. Interest: It refers to an individual’s decision to engage in one or more particular activities in relation to him relative to others. Personality: It refers to the strong qualities of a person that make him/her stand out from others. Personality assessments help explain a person’s behavior and predict how they will behave in the future target, etc. Values: Refers to a person’s strength and enduring beliefs about ideal behavior. Assessing values helps us understand a person’s general values (e.g. political, religious, social or economic).

For psychologists, intelligence is a key parameter that indicates individual differences. The characteristics of an intelligent person are sharpness of mind, quick wit, rapid learning, and the ability to understand context. We defined the environment as the ability to successfully discuss it. Gardner and Sternberg psychologists state that intelligent individuals not only adapt to their environment, but actively modify or shape it.

Please use an example to distinguish between concurrent and serial processing. Concurrency: When you know how to create relationships between different concepts and put them together to form something meaningful, it is called concurrency. For example, consider Raven’s Progressive Matrix (RPM) test. For this test, a model is given and the parts that need repair are removed. You will be asked to choose one of six options that best complement your design. Sequential processing: Sequential processing is when you know all the steps and required information in order and one leads to another search. For example, learning continuous processing such as numbers, alphabets, and multiplication tables.

Oral Exam: An oral exam includes oral or written responses. This test is conducted on literate people as it needs the individual to write or talk. Performance Test: Performance test includes a task wherein the individual requires to manipulate or change the material to get this task done can be conducted on individuals from different cultures and does not include any writing process.

Please analyze the characteristics of the creativity test. Creativity tests are characterized by: One of the most important features is the Creativity Test. It’s open-ended, so you can come up with different answers to the questions and problems that come up based on your own experience. The Creativity Test involves an insane variety of thinking and the ability to generate a wide variety of ideas. The test requires people to use their creative thinking.

For example, the ability to come up with different ideas about a particular topic/situation, different ways of looking at things, problems, or situations. New relationships between seemingly unrelated things, perception of things, the ability to infer cause and effect, the ability to put things in new contexts, etc.

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Topics for Psychology Case Studies

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Cara Lustik is a fact-checker and copywriter.

Ridofranz / Getty Images  

In one of your psychology classes, you might be asked to write a  case study  of an individual. What exactly is a case study? A case study is an in-depth psychological investigation of a single person or a group of people.

Case studies are commonly used in medicine and psychology. For example, these studies often focus on people with an illness (for example, one that is rare) or people with experiences that cannot be replicated in a lab.

Here are some ideas and inspiration to help you come up with a fascinating psychological case study.

What Should Your Case Study Be About?

Your instructor will give you directions and guidelines for your case study project. Make sure you have their permission to go ahead with your subject before you get started.

The format of your case study may vary depending on the class requirements and your instructor's expectations. Most psychological case studies include a detailed background of the person, a description of the problem the person is facing, a diagnosis, and a description of an intervention using one or more therapeutic approaches.

The first step in writing a case study is to select a subject. You might be allowed to conduct a case study on a volunteer or someone you know in real life, such as a friend or family member.

However, your instructor may prefer that you select a less personal subject, such as an individual from history, a famous literary figure, or even a fictional character.

Psychology Case Study Ideas

Want to find an interesting subject for your case study? Here are just a few ideas that might inspire you.

A Pioneering Psychologist

Famous or exceptional people can make great case study topics. There are plenty of fascinating figures in the history of psychology who would be interesting subjects for a case study.

Here are some of the most well-known thinkers in psychology whose interesting lives could make a great case study:

• Sigmund Freud
• Harry Harlow
• Mary Ainsworth
• Erik Erikson
• Ivan Pavlov
• Jean Piaget
• Abraham Maslow
• William James
• B. F. Skinner

Examining these individuals’ upbringings, experiences, and lives can provide insight into how they developed their theories and approached the study of psychology.

A Famous Patient in Psychology

The best-known people in psychology aren’t always professionals. The people that psychologists have worked with are among some of the most fascinating people in the history of psychology.

Here are a few examples of famous psychology patients who would make great case studies:

• Anna O.  (Bertha Pappenheim)
• Phineas Gage
• Genie (Susan Wiley)
• Kitty Genovese
• Little Albert
• David Reimer
• Chris Costner Sizemore (Eve White/Eve Black)
• Dora (Ida Bauer)
• Patient H.M. (Henry Molaison)

By taking a closer look at the lives of these psychology patients, you can gain greater insight into their experiences. You’ll also get to see how diagnosis and treatment were different in the past compared to today.

A Historical Figure

Historical figures—famous and infamous—can be excellent subjects for case studies. Here are just a few influential people from history that you might consider doing a case study on:

• Eleanor Roosevelt
• George Washington
• Abraham Lincoln
• Elizabeth I
• Margaret Thatcher
• Walt Disney
• Benjamin Franklin
• Charles Darwin
• Howard Hughes
• Catherine the Great
• Pablo Picasso
• Vincent van Gogh
• Edvard Munch
• Marilyn Monroe
• Andy Warhol
• Salvador Dali

You’ll need to do a lot of reading and research on your chosen subject's life to figure out why they became influential forces in history. When thinking about their psychology, you’ll also want to consider what life was like in the times that they lived.

A Fictional Character or a Literary Figure

Your instructor might allow you to take a more fun approach to a case study by doing a deep dive into the psychology of a fictional character.

Here are a few examples of fictional characters who could make great case studies:

• Macbeth/Lady Macbeth
• Romeo/Juliet
• Sherlock Holmes
• Norman Bates
• Elizabeth Bennet/Fitzwilliam Darcy
• Katniss Everdeen
• Harry Potter/Hermione Granger/Ron Weasley/Severus Snape
• Batman/The Joker
• Atticus Finch
• Mrs. Dalloway
• Dexter Morgan
• Hannibal Lecter/Clarice Starling
• Fox Mulder/Dana Scully
• Forrest Gump
• Patrick Bateman
• Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader
• Ellen Ripley
• Michael Corleone
• Randle McMurphy/Nurse Ratched
• Miss Havisham

The people who bring characters to life on the page can also be fascinating. Here are some literary figures who could be interesting case studies:

• Shakespeare
• Virginia Woolf
• Jane Austen
• Stephen King
• Emily Dickinson
• Sylvia Plath
• JRR Tolkien
• Louisa May Alcott
• Edgar Allan Poe
• Charles Dickens
• Ernest Hemingway
• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• George Orwell
• Maya Angelou
• Kurt Vonnegut
• Agatha Christie
• Toni Morrison
• Daphne du Maurier
• Franz Kafka
• Herman Melville

Can I Write About Someone I Know?

Your instructor may allow you to write your case study on a person that you know. However, you might need to get special permission from your school's Institutional Review Board to do a psychological case study on a real person.

You might not be able to use the person’s real name, though. Even if it’s not required, you may want to use a pseudonym for them to make sure that their identity and privacy are protected.

To do a case study on a real person you know, you’ll need to interview them and possibly talk to other people who know them well, like friends and family.

If you choose to do a case study on a real person, make sure that you fully understand the ethics and best practices, especially informed consent. Work closely with your instructor throughout your project to ensure that you’re following all the rules and handling the project professionally.

APA. Guidelines for submitting case reports .

American Psychological Association.  Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct, including 2010 and 2016 amendments .

Rolls, G. (2019). Classic Case Studies in Psychology: Fourth Edition . United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

The Economic Times daily newspaper is available online now.

Cbse class 12 toppers list 2024: check toppers' names, districts, marks, rank list and other details here.

CBSE Class 12 Toppers list 2024: The CBSE has released the eagerly awaited class 12 board results today, available on cbse.gov.in. Over 24,000 students scored above 95%, with more than 1.16 lakh above 90%. Last year's toppers achieved remarkable percentages, with Aadarsh Kumar Singh and Srikrishna Sathyajeeth leading. Approximately 39 lakh students participated in this year's Class 10th and 12th exams, with results accessible online through various platforms.

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