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Human - List of Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

The topic of being human encompasses a vast range of inquiries into the nature, purpose, and experience of human life. Essays on “human” could delve into the biological, psychological, social, or cultural aspects of human existence. They might explore philosophical or ethical questions about human nature, rights, or responsibilities, or delve into the many ways in which the human experience is constructed, interpreted, and transformed. They might also investigate the relationships between humans and other forms of life, the environment, technology, or the divine. A substantial compilation of free essay instances related to Human you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

What Makes Humans Unique

The question is What makes humans unique? In this society I’ve come across humans beings who don’t like to think of themself as animals such as our great ancestors. In class we’ve learned that human activity that society thought is uniquely are also performed by animals: birds (parrots) who uses language to communicate to one another, chimpanzees that make tools and use those tools. In class we watched this video about a chimpanzee named Tuke, Klouce that solved a honey […]

The Meaning of being Human

In the article, “The Question We Must keep Asking,” the philosophical question that is being analyzed is, what does it mean to be human? This question is a very discussed topic amongst philosophers. It is hard to find one single answer to this question. To answer this philosophical question we must consider several factors that make up a human. Humans are one of the relatively few species to get enough self-awareness to distinguish themselves when they see their reflection in […]

Tintern Abbey Poem by William Wordsworth

The poem talks about an author visit to Tintern Abbey, a place in the southern part of Wale, a place he had visited before at his tender age. The poet expresses the feeling nature had to his youthful age and what he experienced after his second visit when a grownup person .He expresses his earlier feelings at his tender age towards nature and realizes that he could never understand nature at his young age since he was only impressed with […]

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An Ideal Human being

As stated in my definition, human beings define themselves and determine their future through their thoughts and actions. Each human lives in a world of past decisions and follows a path to the future they want to hold. With this, a human being's destiny or purpose could not be predetermined by some higher being. Since humans have the capability to make their own choices, then they have the ability to change their path in life. It would be impossible to […]

What does the Human Future Hold for Us?

Whether technology is to be embraced or if humans should strive for simplicity is constantly in the forefront of the human mind. One hundred and forty-nine years ago, when the first railroad was completed, a new technological era was beginning to start. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell made the first phone call to his assistant Thomas Watson, an event that changed the course of human history. Shortly after in 1885, Karl Benz took the first drive in his new technological […]

Compare and Contrast about Cats and Dogs

Dogs and cats have several similarities, but even more distinctions. Both animals are easily loved by mankind and will display love and affection in return for good treatment. Some people enjoy the presence of a cat, and others are simply dog lovers. Based on the history, characteristics, and similarities of the two creatures, dogs are considered to be man's best friend- but most likely it's the feline who is. Thousands of years ago, a man trapped wolves and used a […]

Robots Replacing Humans

On meeting stages and at crusade rallies, tech chiefs and government officials caution of an approaching computerization emergency — one where laborers are step by step, at that point at the same time, supplanted by canny machines. In any case, their admonitions veil the way that a robotization emergency has effectively shown up. The robots are here, they're working in administration, and they're pounding laborers into the ground. The robots are looking after lodging servants, revealing to them which space […]

“The Open Boat” Theme: Nature’s Indifference and the Struggle of Humankind

Introduction: Stranded at sea and at the mercy of nature, many realizations can be made about the relationship between nature and mankind. “The Open Boat,” a short story by Stephen Crane, is a very symbolic piece of writing that is full of details that are still relevant today. One of the many themes that stands out throughout the story is the theme that nature appears to be indifferent to mankind. This theme is the backbone of the story as the […]

Comparison of the Story and Poem “There Will Come Soft Rains”

The short story “There Will Come Soft Rains” by Ray Bradbury and Sara Teasdale’s poem take place after a nuclear war. The stories can be compared through reference to man dying and nature continously being carried on. The story and poem express the fire which creates horrible effects on life such as people, animals and the home. Both authors are dealing with what occured to the cities and each person after a war. The two authors incorporate how human beings […]

Values of Human Existence in Brave New World

What role does scientific and technological progress play in works of dystopian literature such as Brave New World? Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, portrays a dystopian society where the Central London Hatching and Conditioning Centre reproduces thousands of nearly identical human embryos, and then conditions to separate them into five different castes, which functions in society as an organized factory to reach economic and social prosperity. Huxley wrote this novel in 1931 when totalitarianism and socialism dominated in […]

The Concept of Pattern Recognition of the Human Brain

Have you ever stared at an inanimate object, like a cloud, and seen a familiar object, such as a sheep or a face? Surely most people have experienced this, and this is because of our brain's innate ability to recognize patterns. This is only possible with large brains that can support high-level reasoning and memory storage. All of the major hallmarks of human qualities, like advanced language, tool-making, and art, are only possible with our ability to recognize patterns. Pattern […]

A Place i would Like to Visit again

A place I love to visit and why The world is embellished with colorful and mesmerizing places. Being a traveling lover, there are many places that I dream to visit but if I have to choose one, it would be “the global village Dubai”. It is claimed to be the world’s greatest tourist attraction and I love to visit here as it is a whole place itself including outdoor cultural, entertainment and shopping centers. The global village is located on […]

The Enduring Depths of ‘Moby Dick’: a Literary Journey into Human Obsession and Natural Forces

History "Moby Dick," writes Herman Melville, is work art, that uncorks beyond existence only other literary marine adventure. It - fundamentally epic search, hunt, guided captain necessity Ahab insatiable in repressions despite Moby Dick, legendary whale. Ishmael, seaman, that determines ashore a whale ship Pequod under a captain command Ahab, sees history to open he through his eyes in one flow from a book. So as moving forward history, it becomes cave, that whole walk interested fixing Ahab solitary with […]

An Important Role Free Will in Oedipus the King

Fate is often said to be inevitable, an adverse outcome, condition, or end and free will is the ability to choose at your own discretion. In our everyday life, we make decisions and are often told that life is about making choices. It is because we have free will that we make choices which may lead to positive consequences if the choice is rational and yet other times our decisions lead to negative consequences. Free will plays an important role in Oedipus the King and fate […]

Animal Lover and Visit to the Animal Park

For the longest time, I never thought I would one day opt to go to the animal park. I am a true animal lover who has never been to animal park. Phenomenon One day, several years back, a friend of mine wanted to visit the zoo and so asked if I could accompany him. At first, I was a bit resistant but then I later gave in to his idea because there was not much to lose. My parents gave […]

Inspirational Person Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking was an English physicist, cosmologist, and author. He had to overcome a disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is an incurable disease where nerve functions begin to gradually shut down and caused Stephen Hawking depression and an inability to move. He took up his cross by living with his disability and thriving while still having it. He inspired people around the world to spread awareness for ALS in 2015. Growing up both of his parents went to the […]

From Dreams to Reality

We have all felt and tasted the unpleasantness of failure. Most people commonly in life have failed at some point but it is how we learn from our failures that classify success. When looking at the event leading up to any significant success, we will often discover failure to be the biggest motivator in life. Through my journey to my dream career, I found out that failure can be the biggest tool to being successful and fulfilling your dream. At […]

Technologies – a Part of Life Society People

In time technology has evolved over the years because of its advancements, which enabled us humans to do things that were previously unheard of and it has certainly made many things easier than they were before. In our present day society people cannot deny that the advancement of technology has changed today’s world in both positive and negative ways. Humans all over the world use and benefit from it, technology has also improved the world and has benefited humans in […]

Brave New World: how Society Manipulates Children’s Consciousness

Huxley’s Brave New World portrays humans being controlled by science and their government. A science experiment so to speak. Taking away people’s freedom of choice doesn’t make life less stressful, happy or fulfilling. In chapter 2 pages 19-23 the scene shows the grim reality of Huxley showing how the human mind can be controlled. The director takes the students to a nursery to watch this in action. Nurses present babies with bowls filled to the top with blossoms. Before the […]

To Kill a Mockingbird Character Chart

Scout Finch Scout (Jean Louise) Finch is the narrator in TKAM. She is a tomboy and she gets in trouble a lot. At school, she is very smart, but she does not get along with others very well. She gets very physical and beats up other kids. She gets in trouble on her first day of school because she already knows how to read. Also, she gets in trouble because she does not use good language. In this novel, […]

Aviation Software for Aviation Company

Software programs have become an indispensable part of our lives and we use tend to use them subconsciously while using our phone to consciously while regulating our room temperatures through a thermostat. Softwares have changed our whole perspective of individual work as well as business interaction for providing customer service in a fast and effective way. By the virtue of software programs, we can make changes under a certain domain throughout the world in a matter of seconds. As we […]

Influential People: from 1100 to Nowadays

Have you ever seen a shirt, watched a movie, or read a book and thought to yourself, this reminds me of the ’90s, or another time in the past? We can connect to previous and future time periods in many ways. In the following paper, we will go over three different novels and an essay. Each of these is a representation of its time period. We will discuss how they fit in with different time periods and also how they […]

Adherence to Generally Accepted Concepts of Business Ethics

A set of ethical ideas that govern selections and moves. To act ethically is to act in methods which might be in line with positive values. It is thought that commercial enterprise ethics involves adhering to prison, expert, regulatory and organization standards, maintaining guarantees and commitments and abiding by using fashionable concepts like truth, equity, honesty and appreciate. The Institute of Global Ethics defines ethics as obedience to the unenforceable. This is a famous reality that Ethics is a complex […]

How to Start a Compassion

Similarly, According to the article, the author has stated that Turgenev saw human beings as creatures bestowed with awareness, realization, feelings, and capable of finding the difference right and wrong. They have their own moral values and norms. While, Marx saw them always as “snowflakes in an avalanche, as instances of general forces, as not yet fully human because utterly conditioned by their circumstances” (Dalrymple,page 2 How and How Not to Love Mankind 2.pdf).Turgenev and Marx both of the great […]

Each Person’s Personality is Different

Material is what we like and what we are like is the spiritual, personality. Each of us lives through a combination of both physical and spiritual values. However, there is a very common tendency to fail to see the attachment and correlation between these two values. Therefore, sometimes we take material elements very seriously, sometimes we are too emotionally heavy. But for my personally, the harmonious combination between these two factors is the most essential foundation for a life. It […]

In “The Story of the Hour” by Kate Chopin, Mrs Mallard

Many authors have graced the pages of writing, but when they can touch you and can full you with an understanding in such details that it awakening your senses to a new light, it then becomes a piece of art. A part of you as you will see with the authors that follows. In “To Build a Fire,” Jack London uses realistic and sometimes unpleasant images to describe how cold the air is. For example,the man’s spittle “crackled in the […]

Personification in “There Will Come Soft Rains”: Exploring Technology

Humanity's Evolution with Technology In the poem There Will Come Soft Rains, by Sara Teasdale and the short story Videotape, by Don DeLillo, the authors include some similarities relating to humanity yet offer different perspectives on the matter. One offers an insight into what could be in the future without humanity, while the other shows that technology is already impacting the change in human culture and the way of life at its current development. Despite the remarkable benefits gained by […]

Exposing Reality in “Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain”

Most of the general population is not aware of what is being done to their loved ones’ bodies behind closed curtains as they wheel them off to the mortuary services. Summary of "Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain" English writer Jessica Mitford, in her essay “Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain,” explains undertakers’ process of embalming and restoration of the deceased before the actual funeral. Mitford criticizes the distasteful process of embalming and exposes the commercialization of the funeral industry. She adopts a humorous […]

Biology’s Role: Shaping Lives and our World

Biology's Insight: Medicine, Food, and Human Health Biology is the study of living things. So, if humans want to find out everything that god has created for us, we need to study biology. One of the examples of something that we use every day is medicine. A lot of medicines have plants and a bunch of other living things in the ingredients. And without medicine, most of the human population would probably die of disease. A lot of foods are […]

Effective Teamwork: Risk Management

Risk is the presence of uncertainty of results regarding present actions ( Shastri and Shastri, 2014 ). Risk arises due to occurrence of chance events, incubating and culminating in the changing dynamics of the environment. All functional areas of an organization are affected by risk. A single event can unleash a variety of risks. Risk is omnipresent, omnipotent and omniscient. Risk management is a process effected by the entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting […]

How To Write An Essay On Human Behavior

Introduction to the study of human behavior.

Writing an essay on human behavior requires an exploration of the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that influence how individuals act and react in various situations. Your introduction should begin with a general overview of human behavior as a field of study, highlighting its relevance in understanding ourselves and the society we live in. Clarify the specific aspect of human behavior you will focus on, whether it's a psychological theory, a particular type of behavior, or a study of how certain environments influence actions. Establish a thesis statement that outlines your main argument or the perspective from which you will approach the topic.

Delving into Theories and Concepts

The body of your essay should delve into the theories and concepts that are pertinent to your topic. If you’re exploring a psychological perspective, discuss relevant theories such as behaviorism, cognitive psychology, or psychoanalysis. For an essay on social influences, you might examine how cultural, familial, or peer influences shape behavior. Provide examples and evidence from scientific research to support your discussion. This part of the essay should demonstrate your understanding of the theoretical foundations of human behavior and how these theories explain or predict human actions.

Analyzing Real-World Applications

Move on to discussing the real-world applications or implications of the theories or concepts you have explored. This could involve analyzing case studies, current events, or everyday behaviors through the lens of your chosen theoretical framework. Discuss the significance of understanding human behavior in various fields such as education, healthcare, business, or public policy. Highlight how insights into human behavior can lead to more effective solutions in these areas. This analysis should link theory with practice, showing how a deeper understanding of human behavior is essential in addressing real-world issues.

Concluding with Insights on Human Behavior

Conclude your essay by summarizing your key findings and reflecting on the broader implications of your study of human behavior. Restate how your exploration contributes to a deeper understanding of the chosen aspect of human behavior. Offer thoughts on how continued study in this area can lead to further insights and improvements in various aspects of human life. A strong conclusion will not only tie together your analysis but also encourage continued exploration and curiosity about the complexities of human behavior, reinforcing the idea that this field of study is crucial to understanding the human condition.

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Essay On Humanity

Essay on Humanity

Humanity definition.

Humanity is a cumulative term used for all human beings, showing sympathy, empathy, love and treating others with respect. The term humanity is used to describe the act of kindness and compassion towards others. It is one of the unique things that differentiates us from animals. It is a value that binds all of us. A human being requires a gentle heart to show empathy with others.

We as human beings are creative, and with our will and hard work, we can achieve anything in our life. When we reach something in our life, it is considered a milestone of the human race. The value of humanity should be included in academics in schools for a better future.

Humanity can be defined as unconditional love for all human beings irrespective of gender, caste, religion, etc., and it also includes love for plants and animals. The most significant humanitarian dedicates their life serving the poor and needy, which individuals can provide in their lifetime. Serving the impoverished means you are thinking about others more than yourself. If you are capable enough, you must help the poor and needy. It is a sign of good humanitarianism.

Importance of Humanity

As humans, our race is progressing into the future, due to which the true essence of humanity is being corrupted. We should remember that the acts of society should not be involved with our gain, like money, power or fame. Our world, where we inhabit, is divided by borders, but we are fortunate to have the freedom to travel anywhere in this world. A few countries or nations are in the constant process of acquiring land, which results in the loss of many innocent human lives.

Countries like Syria, Yemen, Myanmar and many more have lost many innocent lives. These countries face a crisis, and the situation is still not resolved. In these countries, there is no humanity, but we need it to tackle the ongoing problems. We all should come forward to show true humanity by helping the poor and needy and also for birds, animals, etc. Society will heal and make our environment prosperous.

The Great Humanitarians

While going through our history, we get to know about many humanitarians who used to live among us. These names are well-known personalities that almost everyone knows. A few examples are Nelson Mandala, Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, etc.

Mahatma Gandhi, popularly known as the Father of the Nation, is a great example who devoted his entire life to free his country from the British rulers. He lost his life serving the nation and working to better the nation. Thus, he is a great inspiration for all humans.

Another inspiration is Nelson Mandela, a great humanitarian who served the poor and needy of the nation. The great poet Rabindranath Tagore truly believed in humanity.

These famous humanitarians’ acts and ways are great examples for today’s generation to help the poor and needy. As good human beings, we should indulge in acts of kindness and giving back. Humanity is all about selfless acts of compassion.

Conclusion of the Essay on Humanity

The happiest man on this planet is one who serves humanity. Real happiness is the inner satisfaction you can get from society; no matter how rich you are, you can’t buy inner happiness.

All religions teach us about humanity, love, and peace in this world. You don’t need to be a rich person to showcase your humanity. Anyone can show their humanity by helping and sharing things with the poor. It can be anything like money, food, clothes, shelter, etc.

But humans have always indulged in acts that defy humanity, but as a generation, we have to rise and strive to live in a world where everybody is living a fair life. And we can attain it through acts of humanity.

An essay on humanity will be of great help while writing an essay. The correct method of writing an essay will help them to crack their exam with flying colours. Students can also visit our BYJU’S website to get more CBSE Essays , question papers, sample papers, etc.

Frequently asked Questions on Humanity Essay

What is the meaning of humanity.

Humanity refers to all the basic qualities that are expected to be exhibited by humans.

Why is humanity important in one’s life?

As a human being, helping and lending support to fellow human beings is an important aspect.

Name some humanitarians who changed the world.

Mother Teresa, Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi are some humanitarians who changed the world with their actions and are still remembered today.

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Home — Essay Samples — Psychology — Childhood Development — Human Growth and Development

Human Growth and Development

Categories: Childhood Development

About this sample

Words: 481 |

Published: Jan 31, 2024

Words: 481 | Page: 1 | 3 min read

Theoretical foundations of human growth and development, physical development, cognitive development, social and emotional development, environmental and genetic influences on human growth and development, lifespan development.

Freud, S. (1905). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. Standard Edition, 7, 123-255.
Erikson, E. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.
Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York: International Universities Press.

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10 Tips for Writing a Human Rights Essay

Whether you are studying human rights or are building a career in the field , you will inevitably have to be skilled at writing about and for human rights. Human rights-related writing can take a variety of forms – university students embrace more academic articles while advocacy officers might spend more time with writing online campaigns or writing human rights reports . In other situations you might want to write a human rights essay. Essays need to be concise, convincing, well-researched and built on strong arguments. If you can successfully produce a human rights essay, you will be able to make a research article, a call for action, or a campaign out of it.

To excel at writing human rights essays, follow these 10 tips:

1. Choose a topic you are passionate about

First and foremost, you need to find a topic you are truly passionate about. Human rights are such a broad field of study and can be linked to nearly any other subject – from history and anthropology to technology and medicine. The best way to ensure that your human rights essay will be readable and convincing is to discuss something you have knowledge of or find it easy to learn about. For example, if you are into criminology, you might want to look into the intersections and relationships between human rights and criminal justice . At the very start of the writing process, you should note down what the broad, general topic you are interested in is.

2. Do research and narrow down your topic

Once you have established the general human rights-related topic you are looking into, you will have to narrow it down in order to write an essay. Choosing to write only about human rights and criminal justice, for instance, will not result in a successful essay because both concepts are so broad. For this reason, you will have to narrow down the scope of your essay. If you are clueless about what you want to discuss more specifically, doing a general Internet search can lead you to some hints. After you have done a preliminary research on the Internet, you should be able to identify a topic that will be the central theme of your essay. By way of example, if you are looking into criminal justice, you might want to discuss the rights of defendants, the rights of victims, or prison conditions.

3. Ask concrete questions you can answer

Now that you have chosen your topic, you will need to start reading a bit more extensively about it unless you already have sufficient knowledge of the literature to start writing immediately. Reading journal articles, reports and book chapters is an essential step to get you thinking because a successful human rights essay should answer concrete questions. In other words, discussing the current literature on the topic is not sufficient to make an excellent essay. What you will need to do is find gaps in these sources, questions that are not fully answered, or under-researched issues and make your own contribution to the field by writing about them in more length. In preparation for writing, note down several questions that you find particularly relevant and important and start building your essay around them.

4. Provide your audience with a brief introduction to the topic

It is entirely up to the author to decide which parts of the essay will be written first. Some writers find it easier to build a central argument and then add an introduction to it, while others like to begin with the paragraphs that lead the reader to the main issue. Whichever order you decide to follow, it is important to skillfully craft an introduction to your topic. Allowing the reader to have a sense of the context in which the issue is placed is essential for them to fully follow your train of thought at a later stage of the essay. Ideally, in the introduction, you should give some historical background to the topic, reference what has been written before in a few sentences, explain some of the major debates on the topic, and guide your reader through the outline of the essay. In any case, your introduction should not be long as you want to leave more space for your arguments.

5. Create sub-headings for the body of your essay

Regardless of the length of your essay, you should divide the body of your essay into paragraphs and/or brief chapters. Each paragraph or chapter should have an overarching theme, something that unites your sentences. It could be a whole argument, a certain issue, or a group of examples aimed at buttressing your argument. If the format of the essay allows you to do so, add sub-headings to each of the chapters based on the issue they are discussing or the point you are trying to make. All of these together will make your essay much more readable and easier to follow for the readers. Furthermore, it will allow you to keep track of your ideas and ensure that you are not spilling the same argument repeatedly in different parts of the essay but that your thoughts are organized and clear.

6. Make the strongest argument your central point

In a human rights essay, you can present several different arguments; nevertheless, it is important to ensure that at least one of them is a truly strong, unique argument that readers have not heard before. If you provide your audience with multiple weak arguments that sound repetitive, there is a risk that the readers will abandon the essay before finishing or will simply not be convinced by the message you want to convene. Consequently, while writing, you need to identify your strongest argument and make it your central point in the essay. Comments, weaker arguments, and examples that will support the argument should all be placed around it. Your main argument should be in a form of a statement that you can paraphrase and repeat a few times towards the end of the essay. Yet, you should also be able to answer questions such as “Why is that?”, “How can you prove it?”, “Is there anyone who disagrees and why are they wrong?” to add to the strength of your argument. At the end of such a writing process, you can also incorporate references to your central argument into the title of your essay so the readers know what to expect from the very beginning.

7. Support your arguments with references

Although human rights essays allow writers to have their own voices heard more than academic articles, they should still aspire to adopt academic style referencing at least to some degree. Needless to say, your essay should be one-of-a-kind; however, that does not mean that your arguments should be entirely invented or have nothing to do what is actually being discussed by other authors. On the contrary, you make your argument more credible if you can provide a link to where you found certain information, particularly when it comes to answering questions such as where, when, or who . Moreover, it is wise to cite other authors who support some of your claims as that proves that your essay is well-researched. You may also decide to refer to articles and books where opposing arguments are presented and then try to refute them in your essay. Essentially, a human rights essay should not be filled with in-text citations and footnotes like an academic paper, but it certainly necessary to provide references to the other people’s work that helped you write it.

8. Write a general, but convincing conclusion

Having written an introduction and several short-chapters with a clear central argument as well as supporting arguments, all you need to do is come up with a brief conclusion. Writers have different styles of writing conclusions – you can phrase it in a form of a short overview of what was written or add the final comment on the topic. What is important is that your conclusion does not introduce any new ideas and arguments you cannot finish due to its length but that it more generally wraps up your entire essay. It would be wise to find a skillful way to reiterate one or more of your main points without sounding too repetitive. Conclusions also provide a perfect space to make a strong finish, show your writing skills and sound confident and convincing.

And a few extra tips:

9. Place your argument within a legal framework

Fulfilling the eight steps listed above is essential to write a human rights essay that is publishable, readable, and can help you get a good mark at school. To ensure that your human rights essay is truly excellent, it is also useful to look into the law. Human rights do not necessarily have to be discussed through a legal sciences lens, but they are inevitably protected and promoted through domestic, regional, and international laws. Therefore, by placing your topic within a legal framework, you truly show that you master several disciplines and that your arguments are based on practice as well as on theory. To do that, find an appropriate framework that fits your context – it could be a combination of domestic and international legal documents, their applications and differences, or only one particular law, depending on what you are writing about. In accordance with your legal knowledge, you might want to discuss the applicable legal frameworks in more detail, or simply use them as a reference to buttress your arguments.

10. Use specific examples

What can truly help your case in a human rights essay is finding a concrete example to demonstrate how theory does or does not work in practice. By doing so, you build a strong support for your argument and you also allow your readers to relate to what you are saying on a more emotional level, helping them visualize a certain human rights issue. For example, if you are making a recommendation on how to improve prison conditions in a particular country to better respect the rights of prisoners, it could be good to find a country or a community where some of the aspects you are suggesting have been implemented in prisons and this has fostered a more human rights-respecting environment. To find such an example, turn into the grassroots, do a research on local initiatives or contact non-governmental organizations working in places you are writing about.

We hope these tips will guide you to create an excellent human rights essay. To see how it all works in practice for some of the most prominent human rights authors, take a look at these inspiring human rights essays.

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About the author, maja davidovic.

Maja Davidovic is a Serbian-born independent researcher and Human Rights graduate. She holds her M.A. degree from Central European University in Budapest, and had previously lived and worked in Greece, Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Maja mostly researches about women’s rights, child protection and transitional justice, and has been involved with organizations such as MSF and OSCE, as well grassroots initiatives. You may follow her on her newly-made Twitter profile @MajaADavidovic, where she aspires to open discussions on a variety of human rights-related issues.

88 Human Development Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best human development topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on human development, ❓ essay questions about human development.

Human Development Index: Limitations and Benefits The development of education in the country is based on the mean of years among adults aged 25 years and the expected schooling duration of children at the time of schooling age.
Theories of Human Development Essay The ability of a child to act on the effects of his/her surrounding has significant implications on other aspects of development, and each and every accomplishment enhances the child’s level of independence.
Human Development and Groundwater Sustainability The experiment aims to address the impact of human development on the sustainability of groundwater. This aggregation of waste to the landfill is a threat to groundwater and the environment.
Erikson’s Theory of Human Development and Its Impact on My Life The criticism and the thin skin aspects became evident to me in my adolescence when I was looking for an explanation of my issues with establishing social relationships.
Human Development: Nature or Nurture? With studies and theories carried out to examine the impact of nature on the personal development and personality traits, heredity is an important factor in the development.
Friendships in Human Development In this stage, positive interactions and mutual activities no longer serve as an excuse for betrayed trust and a lack of dependability, and children begin to understand the role of apologies in reestablishing friendships.
Learning and Cognition: The Purpose of Human Development Visual learning is a type of learning that involves the use images to pass on information and ideas to the learner.
Freud’s Theory as to Human Development In the beginning, a person is driven primarily by the id or the part of the psyche that focuses on instinctive needs and desires.
Human Development Theories: Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget Much attention should be paid to the way in which these psychologists explain the role of culture that includes a set of values, beliefs, and attitudes that shape the behavior of an individual.
Aspects of Human Development Stages These are the people in her immediate surroundings, and she can impact their impressions of her. Since she has confidence in her ability to be independent, she is unafraid and confident.
Auditory and Vestibular Systems in Human Development A specific feature of the vestibular system is that a significant part of the sensory information processed in it is used for the automatic regulation of functions performed without conscious control.
Aspects of Lifespan Human Development Thus, I decided not to stop there and continue to build my life in a way that would make my grandmother proud of me.
New Theories of Human Development At the beginning of the course, it seemed quite natural to measure development by a degree of rational thinking and independent analysis. Overall, the hierarchical model seems to be largely irrelevant in the context of […]
The “Human Development and Faith” Book by Kelcourse The authors who provided their essays to this editor also have a religious or psychology work background.”Human Development and Faith” by Kelcourse help one explore the context of human development, the specifics of each stage […]
Faith and Other Areas of Human Development From my point of view, there is undoubtedly a certain kind of connection between the development of faith and other areas of human development.
Human Development in Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Indeed, information from a mental status exam can be combined with that of family and individual historical background help in the establishment of timely assistance to be accorded to the patient.
Discussion of Human Development Human development refers to individuals’ social, psychological, physical, and cognitive development throughout their lifespan, from prenatal development to late adulthood. Physical development includes growth in motor skills and brain, body, sense, and health development.
Human Development in the Elderly Phase Therefore, the elderly are in need of a sense of love and belonging from their friends and family members. The community and the church have a role in providing older adults with avenues to meet […]
The Relationship Between Human Development Index and Socio-Economic Variables The HDI is derived from or directly linked to the life expectancy of people and the gross national income of the county’s population.
The Human Development and Political Indexes The Brand Development Index for this product can be calculated by dividing the number of brand sales by that of households in countries A and B.
Jigsaw Model: Human Development and Learning The steps of jigsaw include; The teacher creating groups and giving an assignment on the following topic; salt marshes Each learner should get a sub-topic on the salt marshes.
Human Development: A Life-Span Approach The motor activities of a child also represent his mental growth and development. The other important element to know is the factors affecting the development- the environment of the child.
Elementary Education, Human Development and Learning In a classroom environment, it is normally important that the teacher helps the learners to develop high self esteem. The introduction of competition in the groups is a motivating factor that will boost the learners’ […]
“Eight Stages of Human Development” by Erik Erikson This is important because it helps the child to develop essential skills of the will. It is not surprising therefore that the crucial relationship at this stage is with buddies and marital partners.
Erik Erikson Human Development Theory Eriksson’s concept is simple and neat, however, it is very sophisticated, and the concept is a base for extensive or complex discussion and examination of personality and behavior. This is the infant stage; the infant […]
Human Development and Issues in Clinical Practice At the same time, Ego views it as a matter of consideration for the social worker only as of the one who is interested in the efficiency of his work and fulfills all the ethical […]
Human Development: Term Definition According to Kohlberg’s gender identity development theory, “young children learn to understand about their gender and the meaning of being that gender in their each and everyday life”.
Social-Emotional Learning in Human Development This paper analyzes the skills, or personal capabilities, that contribute to positive social development in children, addressing the school and the family environment qualities that encourage or inhibit this development. A Teacher’s Use of the […]
Human Development In Different Ways Using Theories He is the one who has sent us in this world to live and to do various types of activities so that we can understand that what actually life means. And the answer is that […]
The Psychological Aspects of Human Development Despite the possibility of analyzing human aggression in the context of several areas of psychology, the social sphere is the most suitable for integrated assessment and work.
Human Development in the Ecological Context Though I spent the most of my life in boarding schools, my caregivers provided me with the required portion of support and understanding.
Nature vs. Nurture Factors of Human Development Advocates of the nurture concept believe strongly that the natural environment reshapes the behaviors of many people. That being the case, people should consider the role played by the environment towards reshaping their experiences and […]
Wellbeing and Human Development While assessing the wellbeing of people in a country, a person should look at a series of indicators that can throw light on the degree of human development in a certain region or state.
Social Psychology Role: Self-Esteem and Human Development The relation between the concepts and the response is closely analyzed to determine the most important criteria people’s actions can be judged by. A person is stereotyped and the thinking leads to over-generalize towards others.
Human Development Theories: Adolescence and Adulthood In the growth and development stage of a human being, the adolescent period has been considered to be a natural stage found between childhood and adulthood.
Technology and Human Development This paper discusses video games as learning tools to highlight the kind of knowledge that they present to learners and their effectiveness in enabling people to acquire the knowledge.
Measuring Economic Development: Human Development Index This paper discusses the economic development of China and India on the basis of the Human Development Index. The purpose of this paper is to compare the economic development of India and China.
Human Development Index in Economic Measuring The study had several objectives, including classifying the scientific approaches to the formation and development of human potential, determining the core of the HDI in a system of quantitative and qualitative economic parameters, and determining […]
Stress Impacts on the Human Development To narrow down on the diverse nature of stress, this paper will focus on one of the mechanism that has been identified as a possible solution of controlling stress levels in individuals.
Human Development: Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents The independent variable of the research is the age of the participants, while the dependent variables are different social environments that children derive sexual information that influences their sexual development.
Human Development: Democratization and Economy’ Relations Economic development refers to the increase in the wellbeing of a society both qualitatively and quantitatively. In a nutshell, democratization and economic development are complementary issues in the process of human development.
Lifespan Perspectives on Human Development This makes it necessary for individuals to understand the human development process, a function that they can achieve using the human lifespan perspective. Finally, because the context of occurrence of different activities is important in […]
Nurture and Human Development It is notable that parents are the ones who are normally the closest people to their offspring during the processes of early growth and development.
Human Development. Role of Agriculture. Importance of Technology and Foreign Aid in Mozambique The access to wage labor, which enhances the state of agriculture and the whole country, depends on the people’s education. The rapid development of the agriculture is connected with foreign investments and earnings, as they […]
Incorporating Human development theory It is understandable to establish various components of human development in the realms of drug abuse, addiction, and other relevant provisions applicable in this context.
Whether China Has Done a Good Job Promoting Human Development and Well Being Since 1949 This era was marred with challenges such as domestic wars among the communities in china, international feuds in Asia and the world at large, economic challenges like the great depression of the 1920s and the […]
Gender specific health issues in Medium Human Development Countries Gender issues in health between women and men are different and there is a disparity in how the health systems respond to men and women issues.
Human Development and Learning A teacher can ask students that lack social skills to monitor the class activities and report about those in the end of every day.
Human Development and Learning: Analysis of the Lesson For instance, in the video the teacher asked a student to remind who can talk to her and talk to the messenger instead of talking to her.
Contrasts and similarities of Indonesia and Brazil’s human development condition Human development in Brazil over the last ten years is a clear indication to other countries of the world that economic growth is possible despite lack of expansive economic level. The crises led to increased […]
Critically Discussion: Nature is Solely Responsible for Human Development Human development is influenced in a great way by nature, but this is not to say that nature is solely responsible for human development.
Human Development: Adolescence as the Most Important Age Range The stage is therefore very important in understanding the behavior of an individual. This is a stage when the life of an individual is either made or destroyed.
The Effect of Emotions and Desires on Individual Development As a result, the urges and the desires are forced into the unconscious mind in order to stop any damage of the individual.
The Bioecological Model of Human Development The aspects related to the school attended by a child have also been observed to have impacts on the performance of the child and the general development of the child.
Theory, Methodology and Human Development: HIV/AIDS and Education in African Countries This is correct despite advances of remarkable nature in our comprehension of the virus’s molecular biology and its effects on the body; advances that have resulted to therapeutic findings in the second decade of the […]
Cognitive Growth Stages: Piaget & Freud The pre-operational stage: At the pre-operational stage, the child learns to exercise language and to characterize things by words and images. At this stage of development, the anus acts as the centre of attraction of […]
First Look into Human Development in United Arab Emirates The Prime Minister of the UAE is in charge of all activities of the government. The UAE has a diverse and multicultural society and the influence of Islam is evident in its development.
Can Only Democracies Enhance “Human Development”?
Can Relationships Affect Human Development?
Does Diversity Impair Human Development?
Does Economic Freedom Promote Human Development?
Does Global Fertility and Cultural Transition Affect Human Development?
Does Human Development Index Provide Rational Development Rankings?
Does Human Development Influence Women’s Labor Force Participation Rate?
Does Infrastructure Affect Human Development?
Does Political Competition Influence Human Development?
Does the World Bank Have an Impact on the Human Development of the Poorest Countries?
How Does Culture Affect Human Development?
How Does Eye Development Affect Human Development?
How Should Human Development Research Inform Educational?
How Nature and Nurture Affect Human Development?
How Psychologists Integrate the Study of Human Development With Theories?
How Are Relationships Important for Human Development and Growth?
How Do Theories and Perspectives Inform Our Thinking About Human Development?
What Can Psychology Teach Us About Human Development?
What Does the Human Development Index Tell Us About Convergence?
What Drives Human Development in Nigeria?
What Makes the Study of Human Development a Science?
Education and Human Development: How Much Do Parents Matter?
How Human Development During Trauma and Does Spirituality Help?
Human Development Index: Are Developing Countries Misclassified?
What Are the Five Main Stages of Human Development?
What Is the Importance of Human Development?
What Is an Example of Human Development?
What Are the Four Principles of Human Development?
What Is the Meaning of Human Development?
What Is the Most Important Aspect of Human Development?
Moral Development Essay Topics
Literacy Development Titles
Organization Development Research Ideas
Personality Development Ideas
Social Development Essay Topics
Professional Development Research Ideas
Cognitive Psychology Topics
Human Behavior Research Topics
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Essay on Human Rights: Samples in 500 and 1500

Updated on
Dec 9, 2023

Essay writing is an integral part of the school curriculum and various academic and competitive exams like IELTS , TOEFL , SAT , UPSC , etc. It is designed to test your command of the English language and how well you can gather your thoughts and present them in a structure with a flow. To master your ability to write an essay, you must read as much as possible and practise on any given topic. This blog brings you a detailed guide on how to write an essay on Human Rights , with useful essay samples on Human rights.

This Blog Includes:

The basic human rights, 200 words essay on human rights, 500 words essay on human rights, 500+ words essay on human rights in india, 1500 words essay on human rights, importance of human rights, essay on human rights pdf.

What are Human Rights

Human rights mark everyone as free and equal, irrespective of age, gender, caste, creed, religion and nationality. The United Nations adopted human rights in light of the atrocities people faced during the Second World War. On the 10th of December 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Its adoption led to the recognition of human rights as the foundation for freedom, justice and peace for every individual. Although it’s not legally binding, most nations have incorporated these human rights into their constitutions and domestic legal frameworks. Human rights safeguard us from discrimination and guarantee that our most basic needs are protected.

Did you know that the 10th of December is celebrated as Human Rights Day ?

Before we move on to the essays on human rights, let’s check out the basics of what they are.

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Open access
Published: 30 October 2023

A large-scale comparison of human-written versus ChatGPT-generated essays

Steffen Herbold 1 ,
Annette Hautli-Janisz 1 ,
Ute Heuer 1 ,
Zlata Kikteva 1 &
Alexander Trautsch 1

Scientific Reports volume 13 , Article number: 18617 ( 2023 ) Cite this article

20k Accesses

15 Citations

94 Altmetric

Metrics details

Computer science
Information technology

ChatGPT and similar generative AI models have attracted hundreds of millions of users and have become part of the public discourse. Many believe that such models will disrupt society and lead to significant changes in the education system and information generation. So far, this belief is based on either colloquial evidence or benchmarks from the owners of the models—both lack scientific rigor. We systematically assess the quality of AI-generated content through a large-scale study comparing human-written versus ChatGPT-generated argumentative student essays. We use essays that were rated by a large number of human experts (teachers). We augment the analysis by considering a set of linguistic characteristics of the generated essays. Our results demonstrate that ChatGPT generates essays that are rated higher regarding quality than human-written essays. The writing style of the AI models exhibits linguistic characteristics that are different from those of the human-written essays. Since the technology is readily available, we believe that educators must act immediately. We must re-invent homework and develop teaching concepts that utilize these AI models in the same way as math utilizes the calculator: teach the general concepts first and then use AI tools to free up time for other learning objectives.

ChatGPT-3.5 as writing assistance in students’ essays

Perception, performance, and detectability of conversational artificial intelligence across 32 university courses

The model student: GPT-4 performance on graduate biomedical science exams

Introduction.

The massive uptake in the development and deployment of large-scale Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems in recent months has yielded an almost unprecedented worldwide discussion of the future of society. The ChatGPT service which serves as Web front-end to GPT-3.5 1 and GPT-4 was the fastest-growing service in history to break the 100 million user milestone in January and had 1 billion visits by February 2023 2 .

Driven by the upheaval that is particularly anticipated for education 3 and knowledge transfer for future generations, we conduct the first independent, systematic study of AI-generated language content that is typically dealt with in high-school education: argumentative essays, i.e. essays in which students discuss a position on a controversial topic by collecting and reflecting on evidence (e.g. ‘Should students be taught to cooperate or compete?’). Learning to write such essays is a crucial aspect of education, as students learn to systematically assess and reflect on a problem from different perspectives. Understanding the capability of generative AI to perform this task increases our understanding of the skills of the models, as well as of the challenges educators face when it comes to teaching this crucial skill. While there is a multitude of individual examples and anecdotal evidence for the quality of AI-generated content in this genre (e.g. 4 ) this paper is the first to systematically assess the quality of human-written and AI-generated argumentative texts across different versions of ChatGPT 5 . We use a fine-grained essay quality scoring rubric based on content and language mastery and employ a significant pool of domain experts, i.e. high school teachers across disciplines, to perform the evaluation. Using computational linguistic methods and rigorous statistical analysis, we arrive at several key findings:

AI models generate significantly higher-quality argumentative essays than the users of an essay-writing online forum frequented by German high-school students across all criteria in our scoring rubric.

ChatGPT-4 (ChatGPT web interface with the GPT-4 model) significantly outperforms ChatGPT-3 (ChatGPT web interface with the GPT-3.5 default model) with respect to logical structure, language complexity, vocabulary richness and text linking.

Writing styles between humans and generative AI models differ significantly: for instance, the GPT models use more nominalizations and have higher sentence complexity (signaling more complex, ‘scientific’, language), whereas the students make more use of modal and epistemic constructions (which tend to convey speaker attitude).

The linguistic diversity of the NLG models seems to be improving over time: while ChatGPT-3 still has a significantly lower linguistic diversity than humans, ChatGPT-4 has a significantly higher diversity than the students.

Our work goes significantly beyond existing benchmarks. While OpenAI’s technical report on GPT-4 6 presents some benchmarks, their evaluation lacks scientific rigor: it fails to provide vital information like the agreement between raters, does not report on details regarding the criteria for assessment or to what extent and how a statistical analysis was conducted for a larger sample of essays. In contrast, our benchmark provides the first (statistically) rigorous and systematic study of essay quality, paired with a computational linguistic analysis of the language employed by humans and two different versions of ChatGPT, offering a glance at how these NLG models develop over time. While our work is focused on argumentative essays in education, the genre is also relevant beyond education. In general, studying argumentative essays is one important aspect to understand how good generative AI models are at conveying arguments and, consequently, persuasive writing in general.

Related work

Natural language generation.

The recent interest in generative AI models can be largely attributed to the public release of ChatGPT, a public interface in the form of an interactive chat based on the InstructGPT 1 model, more commonly referred to as GPT-3.5. In comparison to the original GPT-3 7 and other similar generative large language models based on the transformer architecture like GPT-J 8 , this model was not trained in a purely self-supervised manner (e.g. through masked language modeling). Instead, a pipeline that involved human-written content was used to fine-tune the model and improve the quality of the outputs to both mitigate biases and safety issues, as well as make the generated text more similar to text written by humans. Such models are referred to as Fine-tuned LAnguage Nets (FLANs). For details on their training, we refer to the literature 9 . Notably, this process was recently reproduced with publicly available models such as Alpaca 10 and Dolly (i.e. the complete models can be downloaded and not just accessed through an API). However, we can only assume that a similar process was used for the training of GPT-4 since the paper by OpenAI does not include any details on model training.

Testing of the language competency of large-scale NLG systems has only recently started. Cai et al. 11 show that ChatGPT reuses sentence structure, accesses the intended meaning of an ambiguous word, and identifies the thematic structure of a verb and its arguments, replicating human language use. Mahowald 12 compares ChatGPT’s acceptability judgments to human judgments on the Article + Adjective + Numeral + Noun construction in English. Dentella et al. 13 show that ChatGPT-3 fails to understand low-frequent grammatical constructions like complex nested hierarchies and self-embeddings. In another recent line of research, the structure of automatically generated language is evaluated. Guo et al. 14 show that in question-answer scenarios, ChatGPT-3 uses different linguistic devices than humans. Zhao et al. 15 show that ChatGPT generates longer and more diverse responses when the user is in an apparently negative emotional state.

Given that we aim to identify certain linguistic characteristics of human-written versus AI-generated content, we also draw on related work in the field of linguistic fingerprinting, which assumes that each human has a unique way of using language to express themselves, i.e. the linguistic means that are employed to communicate thoughts, opinions and ideas differ between humans. That these properties can be identified with computational linguistic means has been showcased across different tasks: the computation of a linguistic fingerprint allows to distinguish authors of literary works 16 , the identification of speaker profiles in large public debates 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 and the provision of data for forensic voice comparison in broadcast debates 21 , 22 . For educational purposes, linguistic features are used to measure essay readability 23 , essay cohesion 24 and language performance scores for essay grading 25 . Integrating linguistic fingerprints also yields performance advantages for classification tasks, for instance in predicting user opinion 26 , 27 and identifying individual users 28 .

Limitations of OpenAIs ChatGPT evaluations

OpenAI published a discussion of the model’s performance of several tasks, including Advanced Placement (AP) classes within the US educational system 6 . The subjects used in performance evaluation are diverse and include arts, history, English literature, calculus, statistics, physics, chemistry, economics, and US politics. While the models achieved good or very good marks in most subjects, they did not perform well in English literature. GPT-3.5 also experienced problems with chemistry, macroeconomics, physics, and statistics. While the overall results are impressive, there are several significant issues: firstly, the conflict of interest of the model’s owners poses a problem for the performance interpretation. Secondly, there are issues with the soundness of the assessment beyond the conflict of interest, which make the generalizability of the results hard to assess with respect to the models’ capability to write essays. Notably, the AP exams combine multiple-choice questions with free-text answers. Only the aggregated scores are publicly available. To the best of our knowledge, neither the generated free-text answers, their overall assessment, nor their assessment given specific criteria from the used judgment rubric are published. Thirdly, while the paper states that 1–2 qualified third-party contractors participated in the rating of the free-text answers, it is unclear how often multiple ratings were generated for the same answer and what was the agreement between them. This lack of information hinders a scientifically sound judgement regarding the capabilities of these models in general, but also specifically for essays. Lastly, the owners of the model conducted their study in a few-shot prompt setting, where they gave the models a very structured template as well as an example of a human-written high-quality essay to guide the generation of the answers. This further fine-tuning of what the models generate could have also influenced the output. The results published by the owners go beyond the AP courses which are directly comparable to our work and also consider other student assessments like Graduate Record Examinations (GREs). However, these evaluations suffer from the same problems with the scientific rigor as the AP classes.

Scientific assessment of ChatGPT

Researchers across the globe are currently assessing the individual capabilities of these models with greater scientific rigor. We note that due to the recency and speed of these developments, the hereafter discussed literature has mostly only been published as pre-prints and has not yet been peer-reviewed. In addition to the above issues concretely related to the assessment of the capabilities to generate student essays, it is also worth noting that there are likely large problems with the trustworthiness of evaluations, because of data contamination, i.e. because the benchmark tasks are part of the training of the model, which enables memorization. For example, Aiyappa et al. 29 find evidence that this is likely the case for benchmark results regarding NLP tasks. This complicates the effort by researchers to assess the capabilities of the models beyond memorization.

Nevertheless, the first assessment results are already available – though mostly focused on ChatGPT-3 and not yet ChatGPT-4. Closest to our work is a study by Yeadon et al. 30 , who also investigate ChatGPT-3 performance when writing essays. They grade essays generated by ChatGPT-3 for five physics questions based on criteria that cover academic content, appreciation of the underlying physics, grasp of subject material, addressing the topic, and writing style. For each question, ten essays were generated and rated independently by five researchers. While the sample size precludes a statistical assessment, the results demonstrate that the AI model is capable of writing high-quality physics essays, but that the quality varies in a manner similar to human-written essays.

Guo et al. 14 create a set of free-text question answering tasks based on data they collected from the internet, e.g. question answering from Reddit. The authors then sample thirty triplets of a question, a human answer, and a ChatGPT-3 generated answer and ask human raters to assess if they can detect which was written by a human, and which was written by an AI. While this approach does not directly assess the quality of the output, it serves as a Turing test 31 designed to evaluate whether humans can distinguish between human- and AI-produced output. The results indicate that humans are in fact able to distinguish between the outputs when presented with a pair of answers. Humans familiar with ChatGPT are also able to identify over 80% of AI-generated answers without seeing a human answer in comparison. However, humans who are not yet familiar with ChatGPT-3 are not capable of identifying AI-written answers about 50% of the time. Moreover, the authors also find that the AI-generated outputs are deemed to be more helpful than the human answers in slightly more than half of the cases. This suggests that the strong results from OpenAI’s own benchmarks regarding the capabilities to generate free-text answers generalize beyond the benchmarks.

There are, however, some indicators that the benchmarks may be overly optimistic in their assessment of the model’s capabilities. For example, Kortemeyer 32 conducts a case study to assess how well ChatGPT-3 would perform in a physics class, simulating the tasks that students need to complete as part of the course: answer multiple-choice questions, do homework assignments, ask questions during a lesson, complete programming exercises, and write exams with free-text questions. Notably, ChatGPT-3 was allowed to interact with the instructor for many of the tasks, allowing for multiple attempts as well as feedback on preliminary solutions. The experiment shows that ChatGPT-3’s performance is in many aspects similar to that of the beginning learners and that the model makes similar mistakes, such as omitting units or simply plugging in results from equations. Overall, the AI would have passed the course with a low score of 1.5 out of 4.0. Similarly, Kung et al. 33 study the performance of ChatGPT-3 in the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) and find that the model performs at or near the passing threshold. Their assessment is a bit more optimistic than Kortemeyer’s as they state that this level of performance, comprehensible reasoning and valid clinical insights suggest that models such as ChatGPT may potentially assist human learning in clinical decision making.

Frieder et al. 34 evaluate the capabilities of ChatGPT-3 in solving graduate-level mathematical tasks. They find that while ChatGPT-3 seems to have some mathematical understanding, its level is well below that of an average student and in most cases is not sufficient to pass exams. Yuan et al. 35 consider the arithmetic abilities of language models, including ChatGPT-3 and ChatGPT-4. They find that they exhibit the best performance among other currently available language models (incl. Llama 36 , FLAN-T5 37 , and Bloom 38 ). However, the accuracy of basic arithmetic tasks is still only at 83% when considering correctness to the degree of \(10^{-3}\) , i.e. such models are still not capable of functioning reliably as calculators. In a slightly satiric, yet insightful take, Spencer et al. 39 assess how a scientific paper on gamma-ray astrophysics would look like, if it were written largely with the assistance of ChatGPT-3. They find that while the language capabilities are good and the model is capable of generating equations, the arguments are often flawed and the references to scientific literature are full of hallucinations.

The general reasoning skills of the models may also not be at the level expected from the benchmarks. For example, Cherian et al. 40 evaluate how well ChatGPT-3 performs on eleven puzzles that second graders should be able to solve and find that ChatGPT is only able to solve them on average in 36.4% of attempts, whereas the second graders achieve a mean of 60.4%. However, their sample size is very small and the problem was posed as a multiple-choice question answering problem, which cannot be directly compared to the NLG we consider.

Research gap

Within this article, we address an important part of the current research gap regarding the capabilities of ChatGPT (and similar technologies), guided by the following research questions:

RQ1: How good is ChatGPT based on GPT-3 and GPT-4 at writing argumentative student essays?

RQ2: How do AI-generated essays compare to essays written by students?

RQ3: What are linguistic devices that are characteristic of student versus AI-generated content?

We study these aspects with the help of a large group of teaching professionals who systematically assess a large corpus of student essays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large-scale, independent scientific assessment of ChatGPT (or similar models) of this kind. Answering these questions is crucial to understanding the impact of ChatGPT on the future of education.

Materials and methods

The essay topics originate from a corpus of argumentative essays in the field of argument mining 41 . Argumentative essays require students to think critically about a topic and use evidence to establish a position on the topic in a concise manner. The corpus features essays for 90 topics from Essay Forum 42 , an active community for providing writing feedback on different kinds of text and is frequented by high-school students to get feedback from native speakers on their essay-writing capabilities. Information about the age of the writers is not available, but the topics indicate that the essays were written in grades 11–13, indicating that the authors were likely at least 16. Topics range from ‘Should students be taught to cooperate or to compete?’ to ‘Will newspapers become a thing of the past?’. In the corpus, each topic features one human-written essay uploaded and discussed in the forum. The students who wrote the essays are not native speakers. The average length of these essays is 19 sentences with 388 tokens (an average of 2.089 characters) and will be termed ‘student essays’ in the remainder of the paper.

For the present study, we use the topics from Stab and Gurevych 41 and prompt ChatGPT with ‘Write an essay with about 200 words on “[ topic ]”’ to receive automatically-generated essays from the ChatGPT-3 and ChatGPT-4 versions from 22 March 2023 (‘ChatGPT-3 essays’, ‘ChatGPT-4 essays’). No additional prompts for getting the responses were used, i.e. the data was created with a basic prompt in a zero-shot scenario. This is in contrast to the benchmarks by OpenAI, who used an engineered prompt in a few-shot scenario to guide the generation of essays. We note that we decided to ask for 200 words because we noticed a tendency to generate essays that are longer than the desired length by ChatGPT. A prompt asking for 300 words typically yielded essays with more than 400 words. Thus, using the shorter length of 200, we prevent a potential advantage for ChatGPT through longer essays, and instead err on the side of brevity. Similar to the evaluations of free-text answers by OpenAI, we did not consider multiple configurations of the model due to the effort required to obtain human judgments. For the same reason, our data is restricted to ChatGPT and does not include other models available at that time, e.g. Alpaca. We use the browser versions of the tools because we consider this to be a more realistic scenario than using the API. Table 1 below shows the core statistics of the resulting dataset. Supplemental material S1 shows examples for essays from the data set.

Annotation study

Study participants.

The participants had registered for a two-hour online training entitled ‘ChatGPT – Challenges and Opportunities’ conducted by the authors of this paper as a means to provide teachers with some of the technological background of NLG systems in general and ChatGPT in particular. Only teachers permanently employed at secondary schools were allowed to register for this training. Focusing on these experts alone allows us to receive meaningful results as those participants have a wide range of experience in assessing students’ writing. A total of 139 teachers registered for the training, 129 of them teach at grammar schools, and only 10 teachers hold a position at other secondary schools. About half of the registered teachers (68 teachers) have been in service for many years and have successfully applied for promotion. For data protection reasons, we do not know the subject combinations of the registered teachers. We only know that a variety of subjects are represented, including languages (English, French and German), religion/ethics, and science. Supplemental material S5 provides some general information regarding German teacher qualifications.

The training began with an online lecture followed by a discussion phase. Teachers were given an overview of language models and basic information on how ChatGPT was developed. After about 45 minutes, the teachers received a both written and oral explanation of the questionnaire at the core of our study (see Supplementary material S3 ) and were informed that they had 30 minutes to finish the study tasks. The explanation included information on how the data was obtained, why we collect the self-assessment, and how we chose the criteria for the rating of the essays, the overall goal of our research, and a walk-through of the questionnaire. Participation in the questionnaire was voluntary and did not affect the awarding of a training certificate. We further informed participants that all data was collected anonymously and that we would have no way of identifying who participated in the questionnaire. We orally informed participants that they consent to the use of the provided ratings for our research by participating in the survey.

Once these instructions were provided orally and in writing, the link to the online form was given to the participants. The online form was running on a local server that did not log any information that could identify the participants (e.g. IP address) to ensure anonymity. As per instructions, consent for participation was given by using the online form. Due to the full anonymity, we could by definition not document who exactly provided the consent. This was implemented as further insurance that non-participation could not possibly affect being awarded the training certificate.

About 20% of the training participants did not take part in the questionnaire study, the remaining participants consented based on the information provided and participated in the rating of essays. After the questionnaire, we continued with an online lecture on the opportunities of using ChatGPT for teaching as well as AI beyond chatbots. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Passau. We further confirm that our study protocol is in accordance with all relevant guidelines.

Questionnaire

The questionnaire consists of three parts: first, a brief self-assessment regarding the English skills of the participants which is based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) 43 . We have six levels ranging from ‘comparable to a native speaker’ to ‘some basic skills’ (see supplementary material S3 ). Then each participant was shown six essays. The participants were only shown the generated text and were not provided with information on whether the text was human-written or AI-generated.

The questionnaire covers the seven categories relevant for essay assessment shown below (for details see supplementary material S3 ):

Topic and completeness

Logic and composition

Expressiveness and comprehensiveness

Language mastery

Vocabulary and text linking

Language constructs

These categories are used as guidelines for essay assessment 44 established by the Ministry for Education of Lower Saxony, Germany. For each criterion, a seven-point Likert scale with scores from zero to six is defined, where zero is the worst score (e.g. no relation to the topic) and six is the best score (e.g. addressed the topic to a special degree). The questionnaire included a written description as guidance for the scoring.

After rating each essay, the participants were also asked to self-assess their confidence in the ratings. We used a five-point Likert scale based on the criteria for the self-assessment of peer-review scores from the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). Once a participant finished rating the six essays, they were shown a summary of their ratings, as well as the individual ratings for each of their essays and the information on how the essay was generated.

Computational linguistic analysis

In order to further explore and compare the quality of the essays written by students and ChatGPT, we consider the six following linguistic characteristics: lexical diversity, sentence complexity, nominalization, presence of modals, epistemic and discourse markers. Those are motivated by previous work: Weiss et al. 25 observe the correlation between measures of lexical, syntactic and discourse complexities to the essay gradings of German high-school examinations while McNamara et al. 45 explore cohesion (indicated, among other things, by connectives), syntactic complexity and lexical diversity in relation to the essay scoring.

Lexical diversity

We identify vocabulary richness by using a well-established measure of textual, lexical diversity (MTLD) 46 which is often used in the field of automated essay grading 25 , 45 , 47 . It takes into account the number of unique words but unlike the best-known measure of lexical diversity, the type-token ratio (TTR), it is not as sensitive to the difference in the length of the texts. In fact, Koizumi and In’nami 48 find it to be least affected by the differences in the length of the texts compared to some other measures of lexical diversity. This is relevant to us due to the difference in average length between the human-written and ChatGPT-generated essays.

Syntactic complexity

We use two measures in order to evaluate the syntactic complexity of the essays. One is based on the maximum depth of the sentence dependency tree which is produced using the spaCy 3.4.2 dependency parser 49 (‘Syntactic complexity (depth)’). For the second measure, we adopt an approach similar in nature to the one by Weiss et al. 25 who use clause structure to evaluate syntactic complexity. In our case, we count the number of conjuncts, clausal modifiers of nouns, adverbial clause modifiers, clausal complements, clausal subjects, and parataxes (‘Syntactic complexity (clauses)’). The supplementary material in S2 shows the difference between sentence complexity based on two examples from the data.

Nominalization is a common feature of a more scientific style of writing 50 and is used as an additional measure for syntactic complexity. In order to explore this feature, we count occurrences of nouns with suffixes such as ‘-ion’, ‘-ment’, ‘-ance’ and a few others which are known to transform verbs into nouns.

Semantic properties

Both modals and epistemic markers signal the commitment of the writer to their statement. We identify modals using the POS-tagging module provided by spaCy as well as a list of epistemic expressions of modality, such as ‘definitely’ and ‘potentially’, also used in other approaches to identifying semantic properties 51 . For epistemic markers we adopt an empirically-driven approach and utilize the epistemic markers identified in a corpus of dialogical argumentation by Hautli-Janisz et al. 52 . We consider expressions such as ‘I think’, ‘it is believed’ and ‘in my opinion’ to be epistemic.

Discourse properties

Discourse markers can be used to measure the coherence quality of a text. This has been explored by Somasundaran et al. 53 who use discourse markers to evaluate the story-telling aspect of student writing while Nadeem et al. 54 incorporated them in their deep learning-based approach to automated essay scoring. In the present paper, we employ the PDTB list of discourse markers 55 which we adjust to exclude words that are often used for purposes other than indicating discourse relations, such as ‘like’, ‘for’, ‘in’ etc.

Statistical methods

We use a within-subjects design for our study. Each participant was shown six randomly selected essays. Results were submitted to the survey system after each essay was completed, in case participants ran out of time and did not finish scoring all six essays. Cronbach’s \(\alpha\) 56 allows us to determine the inter-rater reliability for the rating criterion and data source (human, ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4) in order to understand the reliability of our data not only overall, but also for each data source and rating criterion. We use two-sided Wilcoxon-rank-sum tests 57 to confirm the significance of the differences between the data sources for each criterion. We use the same tests to determine the significance of the linguistic characteristics. This results in three comparisons (human vs. ChatGPT-3, human vs. ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3 vs. ChatGPT-4) for each of the seven rating criteria and each of the seven linguistic characteristics, i.e. 42 tests. We use the Holm-Bonferroni method 58 for the correction for multiple tests to achieve a family-wise error rate of 0.05. We report the effect size using Cohen’s d 59 . While our data is not perfectly normal, it also does not have severe outliers, so we prefer the clear interpretation of Cohen’s d over the slightly more appropriate, but less accessible non-parametric effect size measures. We report point plots with estimates of the mean scores for each data source and criterion, incl. the 95% confidence interval of these mean values. The confidence intervals are estimated in a non-parametric manner based on bootstrap sampling. We further visualize the distribution for each criterion using violin plots to provide a visual indicator of the spread of the data (see Supplementary material S4 ).

Further, we use the self-assessment of the English skills and confidence in the essay ratings as confounding variables. Through this, we determine if ratings are affected by the language skills or confidence, instead of the actual quality of the essays. We control for the impact of these by measuring Pearson’s correlation coefficient r 60 between the self-assessments and the ratings. We also determine whether the linguistic features are correlated with the ratings as expected. The sentence complexity (both tree depth and dependency clauses), as well as the nominalization, are indicators of the complexity of the language. Similarly, the use of discourse markers should signal a proper logical structure. Finally, a large lexical diversity should be correlated with the ratings for the vocabulary. Same as above, we measure Pearson’s r . We use a two-sided test for the significance based on a \(\beta\) -distribution that models the expected correlations as implemented by scipy 61 . Same as above, we use the Holm-Bonferroni method to account for multiple tests. However, we note that it is likely that all—even tiny—correlations are significant given our amount of data. Consequently, our interpretation of these results focuses on the strength of the correlations.

Our statistical analysis of the data is implemented in Python. We use pandas 1.5.3 and numpy 1.24.2 for the processing of data, pingouin 0.5.3 for the calculation of Cronbach’s \(\alpha\) , scipy 1.10.1 for the Wilcoxon-rank-sum tests Pearson’s r , and seaborn 0.12.2 for the generation of plots, incl. the calculation of error bars that visualize the confidence intervals.

Out of the 111 teachers who completed the questionnaire, 108 rated all six essays, one rated five essays, one rated two essays, and one rated only one essay. This results in 658 ratings for 270 essays (90 topics for each essay type: human-, ChatGPT-3-, ChatGPT-4-generated), with three ratings for 121 essays, two ratings for 144 essays, and one rating for five essays. The inter-rater agreement is consistently excellent ( \(\alpha >0.9\) ), with the exception of language mastery where we have good agreement ( \(\alpha =0.89\) , see Table 2 ). Further, the correlation analysis depicted in supplementary material S4 shows weak positive correlations ( \(r \in 0.11, 0.28]\) ) between the self-assessment for the English skills, respectively the self-assessment for the confidence in ratings and the actual ratings. Overall, this indicates that our ratings are reliable estimates of the actual quality of the essays with a potential small tendency that confidence in ratings and language skills yields better ratings, independent of the data source.

Table 2 and supplementary material S4 characterize the distribution of the ratings for the essays, grouped by the data source. We observe that for all criteria, we have a clear order of the mean values, with students having the worst ratings, ChatGPT-3 in the middle rank, and ChatGPT-4 with the best performance. We further observe that the standard deviations are fairly consistent and slightly larger than one, i.e. the spread is similar for all ratings and essays. This is further supported by the visual analysis of the violin plots.

The statistical analysis of the ratings reported in Table 4 shows that differences between the human-written essays and the ones generated by both ChatGPT models are significant. The effect sizes for human versus ChatGPT-3 essays are between 0.52 and 1.15, i.e. a medium ( \(d \in [0.5,0.8)\) ) to large ( \(d \in [0.8, 1.2)\) ) effect. On the one hand, the smallest effects are observed for the expressiveness and complexity, i.e. when it comes to the overall comprehensiveness and complexity of the sentence structures, the differences between the humans and the ChatGPT-3 model are smallest. On the other hand, the difference in language mastery is larger than all other differences, which indicates that humans are more prone to making mistakes when writing than the NLG models. The magnitude of differences between humans and ChatGPT-4 is larger with effect sizes between 0.88 and 1.43, i.e., a large to very large ( \(d \in [1.2, 2)\) ) effect. Same as for ChatGPT-3, the differences are smallest for expressiveness and complexity and largest for language mastery. Please note that the difference in language mastery between humans and both GPT models does not mean that the humans have low scores for language mastery (M=3.90), but rather that the NLG models have exceptionally high scores (M=5.03 for ChatGPT-3, M=5.25 for ChatGPT-4).

When we consider the differences between the two GPT models, we observe that while ChatGPT-4 has consistently higher mean values for all criteria, only the differences for logic and composition, vocabulary and text linking, and complexity are significant. The effect sizes are between 0.45 and 0.5, i.e. small ( \(d \in [0.2, 0.5)\) ) and medium. Thus, while GPT-4 seems to be an improvement over GPT-3.5 in general, the only clear indicator of this is a better and clearer logical composition and more complex writing with a more diverse vocabulary.

We also observe significant differences in the distribution of linguistic characteristics between all three groups (see Table 3 ). Sentence complexity (depth) is the only category without a significant difference between humans and ChatGPT-3, as well as ChatGPT-3 and ChatGPT-4. There is also no significant difference in the category of discourse markers between humans and ChatGPT-3. The magnitude of the effects varies a lot and is between 0.39 and 1.93, i.e., between small ( \(d \in [0.2, 0.5)\) ) and very large. However, in comparison to the ratings, there is no clear tendency regarding the direction of the differences. For instance, while the ChatGPT models write more complex sentences and use more nominalizations, humans tend to use more modals and epistemic markers instead. The lexical diversity of humans is higher than that of ChatGPT-3 but lower than that of ChatGPT-4. While there is no difference in the use of discourse markers between humans and ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4 uses significantly fewer discourse markers.

We detect the expected positive correlations between the complexity ratings and the linguistic markers for sentence complexity ( \(r=0.16\) for depth, \(r=0.19\) for clauses) and nominalizations ( \(r=0.22\) ). However, we observe a negative correlation between the logic ratings and the discourse markers ( \(r=-0.14\) ), which counters our intuition that more frequent use of discourse indicators makes a text more logically coherent. However, this is in line with previous work: McNamara et al. 45 also find no indication that the use of cohesion indices such as discourse connectives correlates with high- and low-proficiency essays. Finally, we observe the expected positive correlation between the ratings for the vocabulary and the lexical diversity ( \(r=0.12\) ). All observed correlations are significant. However, we note that the strength of all these correlations is weak and that the significance itself should not be over-interpreted due to the large sample size.

Our results provide clear answers to the first two research questions that consider the quality of the generated essays: ChatGPT performs well at writing argumentative student essays and outperforms the quality of the human-written essays significantly. The ChatGPT-4 model has (at least) a large effect and is on average about one point better than humans on a seven-point Likert scale.

Regarding the third research question, we find that there are significant linguistic differences between humans and AI-generated content. The AI-generated essays are highly structured, which for instance is reflected by the identical beginnings of the concluding sections of all ChatGPT essays (‘In conclusion, [...]’). The initial sentences of each essay are also very similar starting with a general statement using the main concepts of the essay topics. Although this corresponds to the general structure that is sought after for argumentative essays, it is striking to see that the ChatGPT models are so rigid in realizing this, whereas the human-written essays are looser in representing the guideline on the linguistic surface. Moreover, the linguistic fingerprint has the counter-intuitive property that the use of discourse markers is negatively correlated with logical coherence. We believe that this might be due to the rigid structure of the generated essays: instead of using discourse markers, the AI models provide a clear logical structure by separating the different arguments into paragraphs, thereby reducing the need for discourse markers.

Our data also shows that hallucinations are not a problem in the setting of argumentative essay writing: the essay topics are not really about factual correctness, but rather about argumentation and critical reflection on general concepts which seem to be contained within the knowledge of the AI model. The stochastic nature of the language generation is well-suited for this kind of task, as different plausible arguments can be seen as a sampling from all available arguments for a topic. Nevertheless, we need to perform a more systematic study of the argumentative structures in order to better understand the difference in argumentation between human-written and ChatGPT-generated essay content. Moreover, we also cannot rule out that subtle hallucinations may have been overlooked during the ratings. There are also essays with a low rating for the criteria related to factual correctness, indicating that there might be cases where the AI models still have problems, even if they are, on average, better than the students.

One of the issues with evaluations of the recent large-language models is not accounting for the impact of tainted data when benchmarking such models. While it is certainly possible that the essays that were sourced by Stab and Gurevych 41 from the internet were part of the training data of the GPT models, the proprietary nature of the model training means that we cannot confirm this. However, we note that the generated essays did not resemble the corpus of human essays at all. Moreover, the topics of the essays are general in the sense that any human should be able to reason and write about these topics, just by understanding concepts like ‘cooperation’. Consequently, a taint on these general topics, i.e. the fact that they might be present in the data, is not only possible but is actually expected and unproblematic, as it relates to the capability of the models to learn about concepts, rather than the memorization of specific task solutions.

While we did everything to ensure a sound construct and a high validity of our study, there are still certain issues that may affect our conclusions. Most importantly, neither the writers of the essays, nor their raters, were English native speakers. However, the students purposefully used a forum for English writing frequented by native speakers to ensure the language and content quality of their essays. This indicates that the resulting essays are likely above average for non-native speakers, as they went through at least one round of revisions with the help of native speakers. The teachers were informed that part of the training would be in English to prevent registrations from people without English language skills. Moreover, the self-assessment of the language skills was only weakly correlated with the ratings, indicating that the threat to the soundness of our results is low. While we cannot definitively rule out that our results would not be reproducible with other human raters, the high inter-rater agreement indicates that this is unlikely.

However, our reliance on essays written by non-native speakers affects the external validity and the generalizability of our results. It is certainly possible that native speaking students would perform better in the criteria related to language skills, though it is unclear by how much. However, the language skills were particular strengths of the AI models, meaning that while the difference might be smaller, it is still reasonable to conclude that the AI models would have at least comparable performance to humans, but possibly still better performance, just with a smaller gap. While we cannot rule out a difference for the content-related criteria, we also see no strong argument why native speakers should have better arguments than non-native speakers. Thus, while our results might not fully translate to native speakers, we see no reason why aspects regarding the content should not be similar. Further, our results were obtained based on high-school-level essays. Native and non-native speakers with higher education degrees or experts in fields would likely also achieve a better performance, such that the difference in performance between the AI models and humans would likely also be smaller in such a setting.

We further note that the essay topics may not be an unbiased sample. While Stab and Gurevych 41 randomly sampled the essays from the writing feedback section of an essay forum, it is unclear whether the essays posted there are representative of the general population of essay topics. Nevertheless, we believe that the threat is fairly low because our results are consistent and do not seem to be influenced by certain topics. Further, we cannot with certainty conclude how our results generalize beyond ChatGPT-3 and ChatGPT-4 to similar models like Bard ( https://bard.google.com/?hl=en ) Alpaca, and Dolly. Especially the results for linguistic characteristics are hard to predict. However, since—to the best of our knowledge and given the proprietary nature of some of these models—the general approach to how these models work is similar and the trends for essay quality should hold for models with comparable size and training procedures.

Finally, we want to note that the current speed of progress with generative AI is extremely fast and we are studying moving targets: ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 today are already not the same as the models we studied. Due to a lack of transparency regarding the specific incremental changes, we cannot know or predict how this might affect our results.

Our results provide a strong indication that the fear many teaching professionals have is warranted: the way students do homework and teachers assess it needs to change in a world of generative AI models. For non-native speakers, our results show that when students want to maximize their essay grades, they could easily do so by relying on results from AI models like ChatGPT. The very strong performance of the AI models indicates that this might also be the case for native speakers, though the difference in language skills is probably smaller. However, this is not and cannot be the goal of education. Consequently, educators need to change how they approach homework. Instead of just assigning and grading essays, we need to reflect more on the output of AI tools regarding their reasoning and correctness. AI models need to be seen as an integral part of education, but one which requires careful reflection and training of critical thinking skills.

Furthermore, teachers need to adapt strategies for teaching writing skills: as with the use of calculators, it is necessary to critically reflect with the students on when and how to use those tools. For instance, constructivists 62 argue that learning is enhanced by the active design and creation of unique artifacts by students themselves. In the present case this means that, in the long term, educational objectives may need to be adjusted. This is analogous to teaching good arithmetic skills to younger students and then allowing and encouraging students to use calculators freely in later stages of education. Similarly, once a sound level of literacy has been achieved, strongly integrating AI models in lesson plans may no longer run counter to reasonable learning goals.

In terms of shedding light on the quality and structure of AI-generated essays, this paper makes an important contribution by offering an independent, large-scale and statistically sound account of essay quality, comparing human-written and AI-generated texts. By comparing different versions of ChatGPT, we also offer a glance into the development of these models over time in terms of their linguistic properties and the quality they exhibit. Our results show that while the language generated by ChatGPT is considered very good by humans, there are also notable structural differences, e.g. in the use of discourse markers. This demonstrates that an in-depth consideration not only of the capabilities of generative AI models is required (i.e. which tasks can they be used for), but also of the language they generate. For example, if we read many AI-generated texts that use fewer discourse markers, it raises the question if and how this would affect our human use of discourse markers. Understanding how AI-generated texts differ from human-written enables us to look for these differences, to reason about their potential impact, and to study and possibly mitigate this impact.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in the Zenodo repository, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343644

Code availability

All materials are available online in form of a replication package that contains the data and the analysis code, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343644 .

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S.H., A.HJ., and U.H. conceived the experiment; S.H., A.HJ, and Z.K. collected the essays from ChatGPT; U.H. recruited the study participants; S.H., A.HJ., U.H. and A.T. conducted the training session and questionnaire; all authors contributed to the analysis of the results, the writing of the manuscript, and review of the manuscript.

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Herbold, S., Hautli-Janisz, A., Heuer, U. et al. A large-scale comparison of human-written versus ChatGPT-generated essays. Sci Rep 13 , 18617 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45644-9

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4.13: Writing a Personal Essay

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Learning Objectives

Describe techniques for writing an effective personal essay

How to Write a Personal Essay

One particular and common kind of narrative essay is the personal narrative essay. Many of you have already written at least one of these – in order to get to college. The personal essay is a narrative essay focused on you. Typically, you write about events or people in your life that taught you important life lessons. These events should have changed you somehow. From this choice will emerge the theme (the main point) of your story. Then you can follow these steps:

Someone writing on sticky notes and in a notebook.

Once you identify the event, you will write down what happened. Just brainstorm (also called freewriting). Focus on the actual event. You do not need to provide a complete build-up to it. For example, if you are telling a story about an experience at camp, you do not need to provide readers with a history of my camp experiences, nor do you need to explain how you got there, what we ate each day, how long it lasted, etc. Readers need enough information to understand the event. So, you do not need to provide information about my entire summer if the event only lasts a couple of days.
Use descriptions/vivid details.
“Nothing moved but a pair of squirrels chasing each other back and forth on the telephone wires. I followed one in my sight. Finally, it stopped for a moment and I fired.”
The verbs are all in active voice creating a sense of immediacy: moved, followed, stopped, fired.
Passive voice uses the verb “to be” along with an action verb: had been aiming, was exhausted.
Develop your characters. Even though the “characters” in your story are real people, your readers won’t get to know them unless you describe them, present their personalities, and give them physical presence.
Use dialogue. Dialogue helps readers get to know the characters in your story, infuses the story with life, and offers a variation from description and explanation. When writing dialogue, you may not remember exactly what was said in the past, so be true to the person being represented and come as close to the actual language the person uses as possible. Dialogue is indented with each person speaking as its own paragraph. The paragraph ends when that person is done speaking and any following explanation or continuing action ends. (If your characters speak a language other than English, feel free to include that in your narrative, but provide a translation for your English-speaking readers.)
Be consistent in your point of view. Remember, if it is a personal narrative, you are telling the story, so it should be in first person. Students often worry about whether or not they are allowed to use “I.” It is impossible to write a personal essay without using “I”!
Write the story in a consistent verb tense (almost always past tense). It doesn’t work to try to write it in the present tense since it already happened. Make sure you stay in the past tense.

Sample Personal Statement

One type of narrative essay you may have reason to write is a Personal Statement.

Many colleges and universities ask for a Personal Statement Essay for students who are applying for admission, to transfer, or for scholarships.

Generally, a Personal Statement asks you to respond to a specific prompt, most often asking you to describe a significant life event, a personality trait, or a goal or principle that motivates or inspires you. Personal Statements are essentially narrative essays with a particular focus on the writer’s personal life.

The following essay was responding to the prompt: “Write about an experience that made you aware of a skill or strength you possess.” As you read, pay attention to the way the writer gets your attention with a strong opening, how he uses vivid details and a chronological narrative to tell his story, and how he links back to the prompt in the conclusion.

Sample Student Essay

Alen Abramyan Professor X English 1101-209 2/5/2013

In the Middle of Nowhere Fighting Adversity

A three-punch combination had me seeing stars. Blood started to rush down my nose. The Russian trainers quietly whispered to one another. I knew right away that my nose was broken. Was this the end of my journey; or was I about to face adversity?

Ever since I was seven years old, I trained myself in, “The Art of Boxing.” While most of the kids were out playing fun games and hanging out with their friends, I was in a damp, sweat-filled gym. My path was set to be a difficult one. Blood, sweat, and, tears were going to be an everyday occurrence.

At a very young age I learned the meaning of hard work and dedication. Most kids jumped from one activity to the next. Some quit because it was too hard; others quit because they were too bored. My father pointed this out to me on many occasions. Adults would ask my father, ” why do you let your son box? It’s such a dangerous sport, he could get hurt. My father always replied, “Everyone is going to get hurt in their lives, physically, mentally and emotionally. I’m making sure he’s ready for the challenges he’s going to face as a man. I always felt strong after hearing my father speak that way about me. I was a boy being shaped into a man, what a great feeling it was.

Year after year, I participated in boxing tournaments across the U.S. As the years went by, the work ethic and strength of character my father and coaches instilled in me, were starting to take shape. I began applying the hard work and dedication I learned in boxing, to my everyday life. I realized that when times were tough and challenges presented themselves, I wouldn’t back down, I would become stronger. This confidence I had in myself, gave me the strength to pursue my boxing career in Russia.

I traveled to Russia to compete in Amateur Boxing. Tournament after tournament I came closer to my goal of making the Russian Olympic Boxing team. After successfully winning the Kaliningrad regional tournament, I began training for the Northwest Championships. This would include boxers from St. Petersburg, Pskov, Kursk and many other powerful boxing cities.

We had to prepare for a tough tournament, and that’s what we did. While sparring one week before the tournament, I was caught by a strong punch combination to the nose. I knew right away it was serious. Blood began rushing down my face, as I noticed the coaches whispering to each other. They walked into my corner and examined my nose,” yeah, it’s broken,” Yuri Ivonovich yelled out. I was asked to clean up and to meet them in their office. I walked into the Boxing Federation office after a quick shower. I knew right away, they wanted to replace me for the upcoming tournament. “We’re investing a lot of money on you boxers and we expect good results. Why should we risk taking you with a broken nose?” Yuri Ivonovich asked me. I replied, “I traveled half-way around the world to be here, this injury isn’t a problem for me.” And by the look on my face they were convinced, they handed me my train ticket and wished me luck.

The train came to a screeching halt, shaking all the passengers awake. I glanced out my window, “Welcome to Cherepovets,” the sign read. In the background I saw a horrific skyline of smokestacks, coughing out thick black smoke. Arriving in the city, we went straight to the weigh ins. Hundreds of boxers, all from many cities were there. The brackets were set up shortly after the weigh ins. In the Super Heavyweight division, I found out I had 4 fights to compete in, each increasing in difficulty. My first match, I made sure not a punch would land; this was true for the next two fights. Winning all three 6-0, 8-0 and 7-0 respectively. It looked like I was close to winning the whole tournament. For the finals I was to fight the National Olympic Hope Champion.

The night before the finals was coincidentally the 200th anniversary of the city. All night by my hotel, I heard screams of laughter and partying. I couldn’t sleep a wink. The morning of the fight I was exhausted but anxious. I stepped into the ring knowing that I was tired. I fell behind in points quickly in the first round. I felt as if I were dreaming, with no control of the situation. I was going along for the ride and it wasn’t pleasant. At the end of the second round, the coach informed me that I was far behind. “?You’re asleep in there,” he yelled out to me, confirming how I felt. I knew this was my last chance; I had to give it my all. I mustered up enough strength to have an amazing round. It was as if I stepped out and a fresh boxer stepped in. I glanced at my coaches and see a look of approval. No matter the outcome, I felt that I had defeated adversity. My opponent’s hand was raised , he won a close decision, 6-5. After I got back to my hotel, I remembered Yuri Ivonovich telling me they expected good results. “How were my results,” I asked myself. In my mind, the results were great, with a broken nose and with no sleep, I came one point shy of defeating the National Olympic Hope Champion.

Even from a very young age, I knew that when my back was against the wall and adversity was knocking on my door, I would never back down. I became a stronger person, a trait my family made sure I would carry into my adult years. No matter what I’m striving for; getting into a University; receiving a scholarship; or applying for a job, I can proudly say to myself, I am Alen Abramyan and adversity is no match for me.

Link to Learning

Sandra Cisneros offers an example of a narrative essay in “Only Daughter” that captures her sense of her Chicana-Mexican heritage as the only daughter in a family of seven children.

Do Personal Essays have Thesis Statements?

While many personal essays include a direct statement of the thesis, in some personal essays the thesis may be implied rather than stated outright.

Imagine, for example, that in your personal essay you decide to write about the way someone influenced you. The influential individual could be a relative, a friend or classmate, an employer or a teacher. As you shape your essay, you would not simply assemble a collection of miscellaneous observations about the person; instead, you would be selective and focus on details about this person that show his or her impact upon you.

Let us say that the person who influenced you is a grandparent. You may know a lot about this individual: personality traits, family and marital history, medical history, educational background, work experience, military experience, political and religious beliefs, hobbies, tastes in music, etc. But as you shape your essay about how this individual affected you, you wouldn’t try to catalog all that you know. Instead, you would try to create a dominant impression by including details that guide your reader toward the idea that is central to the essay.

For example, if you developed certain habits and attitudes as you and your grandparent worked together on a project, that experience might provide the focus for the essay. If you chose details consistent with that focus, then you wouldn’t need to state that this was the point of the essay. Your readers would understand that that was the governing idea based on the details you had so carefully chosen.

Whether the thesis is stated outright or implied, then, the personal essay will have a governing idea—an idea that is “in charge” of what you decide to include in the essay in terms of content, vocabulary, sentence structure, and tone. In short, the personal essay may not have a thesis statement, but it will have a thesis.

Consider a personal essay in which a student was asked to write about a person she admired, and she wrote about her cousin. She wrote:

I admired my cousin’s decision to enlist because she had to withstand criticism from people who thought women shouldn’t be in the army and because in basic training she had to stand up to physical and mental challenges that I don’t think I could face.

The thesis statement provides quite a lot of guidance for both writing and reading the essay. Writer and reader are equally able to see what the subject of the essay is and what is being stated about the subject, and both writer and reader can see how the essay should be organized. No matter how many body paragraphs there are, this thesis implies that the paper will be divided into two sections. One section will group together the paragraphs on this topic: cousin “had to withstand criticism from people who thought women shouldn’t be in the army.” Another section will group together the paragraphs on this second topic: “in basic training she had to stand up to physical and mental challenges.”

Are Narratives Persuasive?

In a personal essay, you may not think of your thesis as “arguable” in the same way as a claim in a persuasive essay would be arguable, but in fact, you can think of it as something that should need to be demonstrated—backed up through explanations and illustrations. Usually, the idea that should be demonstrated is that you are a thoughtful, reflective person who has learned from the events and people in your life.

If the thesis does not need to be demonstrated, then there may not be much purpose in writing the essay. For, example, a statement that “George W. Bush was the forty-third president” or the statement that “Senior proms are exciting” would not be considered arguable by most people and likely would not spark a reader’s interest and make them want to keep reading.

On the other hand, the thesis statements below would need to be explained and illustrated. In that sense, these personal essay thesis statements are equivalent to claims that are “arguable.”

The evening was nearly ruined because parents acting as dress-code vigilantes threw several people out of the prom.
My team spent hours planning the prom and managed to head off a repeat of the after-prom drinking that caused some parents to question whether the prom should be held this year.
Everyone was able to attend the prom proudly because our prom committee got several stores to loan outfits to make certain everyone would feel like they fit in.
I opted to attend an alternative prom because the principal refused to allow a same-sex couple to attend.

Keep in mind that the actions or events in your essay do not have to make you look heroic. You could write a convincing and powerful essay about how you attended the school-sponsored prom, even though the principal refused to allow a same-sex couple to attend. Your essay, in this case, might, for example, focus on your regret over your decision and your subsequent understanding of how you think you can best challenge the status quo in the future. In other words, you can write an effective personal essay about a moment of regret.

When writing a personal essay for an application of some kind (scholarship, internship, graduate school), remember that the ultimate purpose of the essay is to make you, the essay writer and applicant, look good. That doesn’t mean that you need to describe you doing great things. If your personal essay is all about your grandfather and what an amazing role model and person he was, you still need to think about how your essay can make you (and not just your grandfather) look good. One way to make yourself look good is to make clear that you are a thoughtful, reflective person (and someone smart enough to learn from a man like your grandfather).

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Contributors and Attributions

Narrative Essay. Provided by : Excelsior OWL. Located at : https://owl.excelsior.edu/rhetorical-styles/narrative-essay/narrative-essay-see-it-across-the-disciplines/ . License : CC BY: Attribution
Narrative Essays. Authored by : Marianne Botos, Lynn McClelland, Stephanie Polliard, Pamela Osback . Located at : https://pvccenglish.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/eng-101-inside-pages-proof2-no-pro.pdf . Project : Horse of a Different Color: English Composition and Rhetoric . License : CC BY: Attribution
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Writing a Narrative Essay. Provided by : Boundless. Located at : courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-writing/chapter/types-of-rhetorical-modes/. License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
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Do Personal Essays have Thesis Statements?. Provided by : Radford University. Located at : https://lcubbison.pressbooks.com/chapter/core-101-personal-essay-assignment/ . Project : Radford University Core Handbook. License : Public Domain: No Known Copyright

Human Rights Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on human rights.

Human rights are a set of rights which every human is entitled to. Every human being is inherited with these rights no matter what caste, creed, gender, the economic status they belong to. Human rights are very important for making sure that all humans get treated equally. They are in fact essential for a good standard of living in the world.

Moreover, human rights safeguard the interests of the citizens of a country. You are liable to have human rights if you’re a human being. They will help in giving you a good life full of happiness and prosperity.

Human Rights Categories

Human rights are essentially divided into two categories of civil and political rights, and social rights. This classification is important because it clears the concept of human rights further. Plus, they also make humans realize their role in different spheres.

When we talk about civil and political rights , we refer to the classic rights of humans. These rights are responsible for limiting the government’s authority that may affect any individual’s independence. Furthermore, these rights allow humans to contribute to the involvement of the government. In addition to the determination of laws as well.

Next up, the social rights of people guide the government to encourage ways to plan various ways which will help in improving the life quality of citizens. All the governments of countries are responsible for ensuring the well-being of their citizens. Human rights help countries in doing so efficiently.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Importance of Human Rights

Human rights are extremely important for the overall development of a country and individuals on a personal level. If we take a look at the basic human rights, we see how there are right to life, the right to practice any religion, freedom of movement , freedom from movement and more. Each right plays a major role in the well-being of any human.

Right to life protects the lives of human beings. It ensures no one can kill you and thus safeguards your peace of mind. Subsequently, the freedom of thought and religion allows citizens to follow any religion they wish to. Moreover, it also means anyone can think freely.

Further, freedom of movement is helpful in people’s mobilization. It ensures no one is restricted from traveling and residing in any state of their choice. It allows you to grab opportunities wherever you wish to.

Next up, human rights also give you the right to a fair trial. Every human being has the right to move to the court where there will be impartial decision making . They can trust the court to give them justice when everything else fails.

Most importantly, humans are now free from any form of slavery. No other human being can indulge in slavery and make them their slaves. Further, humans are also free to speak and express their opinion.

In short, human rights are very essential for a happy living of human beings. However, these days they are violated endlessly and we need to come together to tackle this issue. The governments and citizens must take efforts to protect each other and progress for the better. In other words, this will ensure happiness and prosperity all over the world.

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Essay on Importance of Human Values

Students are often asked to write an essay on Importance of Human Values in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Importance of Human Values

Understanding human values.

Human values are fundamental beliefs that guide our actions and behavior. They include honesty, respect, kindness, and responsibility. These values are important as they help us differentiate between right and wrong.

Role in Society

Values keep society functioning smoothly. They promote peace, unity, and cooperation among individuals. Without values, conflicts and misunderstandings would be rampant.

Personal Development

Values guide personal growth. They shape our character and influence our decisions. By adhering to values, we become better individuals and contribute positively to our community.

250 Words Essay on Importance of Human Values

Introduction.

Human values are the very essence of our character and nature. They are vital for harmonious coexistence and are the foundation of every civilized society. They guide our actions, decisions, and interactions with others.

Role of Human Values

Values like honesty, empathy, respect, and compassion play a crucial role in our lives. They shape our behavior and influence our relationships with others. Honesty fosters trust and integrity, empathy promotes understanding and compassion, and respect ensures dignity and equality.

Human Values and Education

Incorporating human values in education is imperative. It instills a sense of responsibility and ethics in students, preparing them to face the challenges of life with dignity and courage. It also encourages critical thinking and helps students understand the consequences of their actions.

Values in Society

Values are the glue that holds society together. They promote social cohesion and unity, foster peace and harmony, and enhance social well-being. They also serve as a guide to societal norms and expectations, helping to maintain order and stability.

In conclusion, human values are fundamental to our existence. They determine our actions, shape our character, and define our identity. They are the bedrock of a peaceful and prosperous society. As we navigate through life, it is essential that we uphold these values and pass them on to future generations.

500 Words Essay on Importance of Human Values

Human values are the principles, standards, or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable. They provide a foundation for human behavior, actions, and decisions. In an increasingly complex and interconnected world, the importance of human values cannot be overstated. This essay will delve into the significance of human values, their role in society, and their influence on our personal and professional lives.

The Role of Human Values in Society

Human values play a pivotal role in the formation and functioning of society. They act as the glue that binds individuals together, fostering unity, harmony, and cooperation. Values such as respect, honesty, compassion, and fairness promote social cohesion and peaceful coexistence. They enable us to understand and respect the rights, dignity, and freedom of others, thereby reducing conflicts and enhancing social stability.

Human Values and Personal Development

On a personal level, human values shape our character and influence our thoughts, emotions, and actions. They serve as a moral compass, guiding us in making ethical decisions. Values such as integrity, responsibility, and perseverance help us to strive for excellence, overcome challenges, and achieve our goals. They also enhance our emotional intelligence, enabling us to empathize with others, manage our emotions, and establish healthy relationships.

Human Values in Professional Life

In the professional sphere, human values are integral to ethical business practices and corporate social responsibility. Values such as honesty, transparency, and accountability foster trust, enhance reputation, and contribute to sustainable business growth. They also promote a positive organizational culture, leading to increased employee engagement, productivity, and innovation.

Human Values and Global Challenges

In the face of global challenges such as climate change, poverty, inequality, and social injustice, human values such as solidarity, empathy, and respect for diversity are more important than ever. They compel us to take collective action for the common good, promote social justice, and strive for sustainable development.

In conclusion, human values are of paramount importance in shaping a just, peaceful, and sustainable world. They are the bedrock of our personal and professional lives, influencing our behavior, decisions, and interactions with others. As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century, it is crucial that we uphold and promote these values in all spheres of life. By doing so, we can foster a culture of respect, empathy, and cooperation, and contribute to the creation of a better world for all.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Human Values and Ethics
Essay on Role of Human Values in 21st Century
Essay on How to Prevent Flood

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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Speed : AI can generate articles , reports, and stories much faster than a human writer .
Volume : It can produce a large amount of content in a short period.
Cost-efficiency : Reduces the need for extensive human resources.

However, despite these benefits, AI-generated content often lacks the nuanced expression and relatability that come naturally to human writers . This can result in text that feels robotic or impersonal. Recognizing this gap, the importance of humanizing AI-created text is paramount.

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The tool's standout features are beneficial for website developers seeking to infuse more human-like qualities into their AI-generated content. Bloggers can take advantage of its language enrichment feature to make their posts resonate more naturally with readers.

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As search engines become increasingly sophisticated in identifying AI-generated content, having an ally such as Junia AI ensures that your material not only evades detection, but also adheres to high-quality standards that foster a genuine connection with readers. Search engines favor content that provides value to readers. By utilizing this tool, you can optimize your content for improved search engine rankings. This is due to the natural flow of the rewritten text, which mirrors human writing styles, potentially reducing bounce rates and increasing time spent on your website.

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In essence, the Free AI Humanizer Tool is a valuable asset for anyone looking to transform standard AI output into plagiarism-free content that captivates and connects with audiences.

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The Free AI Humanizer Tool acts as a guiding light for those navigating the vast digital content creation landscape. It turns mechanized writing into lively narratives, bridging the gap between artificial intelligence and human expression.

Benefits for ChatGPT Users

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Academic Essay Writing Made Simple: 4 types and tips

The pen is mightier than the sword, they say, and nowhere is this more evident than in academia. From the quick scribbles of eager students to the inquisitive thoughts of renowned scholars, academic essays depict the power of the written word. These well-crafted writings propel ideas forward and expand the existing boundaries of human intellect.

What is an Academic Essay

An academic essay is a nonfictional piece of writing that analyzes and evaluates an argument around a specific topic or research question. It serves as a medium to share the author’s views and is also used by institutions to assess the critical thinking, research skills, and writing abilities of a students and researchers.

Importance of Academic Essays

4 main types of academic essays.

While academic essays may vary in length, style, and purpose, they generally fall into four main categories. Despite their differences, these essay types share a common goal: to convey information, insights, and perspectives effectively.

1. Expository Essay

2. Descriptive Essay

3. Narrative Essay

4. Argumentative Essay

Expository and persuasive essays mainly deal with facts to explain ideas clearly. Narrative and descriptive essays are informal and have a creative edge. Despite their differences, these essay types share a common goal ― to convey information, insights, and perspectives effectively.

Expository Essays: Illuminating ideas

An expository essay is a type of academic writing that explains, illustrates, or clarifies a particular subject or idea. Its primary purpose is to inform the reader by presenting a comprehensive and objective analysis of a topic.

By breaking down complex topics into digestible pieces and providing relevant examples and explanations, expository essays allow writers to share their knowledge.

What are the Key Features of an Expository Essay

Provides factual information without bias

Presents multiple viewpoints while maintaining objectivity

Uses direct and concise language to ensure clarity for the reader

Composed of a logical structure with an introduction, body paragraphs and a conclusion

When is an expository essay written.

1. For academic assignments to evaluate the understanding of research skills.

2. As instructional content to provide step-by-step guidance for tasks or problem-solving.

3. In journalism for objective reporting in news or investigative pieces.

4. As a form of communication in the professional field to convey factual information in business or healthcare.

How to Write an Expository Essay

Expository essays are typically structured in a logical and organized manner.

1. Topic Selection and Research

Choose a topic that can be explored objectively
Gather relevant facts and information from credible sources
Develop a clear thesis statement

2. Outline and Structure

Create an outline with an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion
Introduce the topic and state the thesis in the introduction
Dedicate each body paragraph to a specific point supporting the thesis
Use transitions to maintain a logical flow

3. Objective and Informative Writing

Maintain an impartial and informative tone
Avoid personal opinions or biases
Support points with factual evidence, examples, and explanations

4. Conclusion

Summarize the key points
Reinforce the significance of the thesis

Descriptive Essays: Painting with words

Descriptive essays transport readers into vivid scenes, allowing them to experience the world through the writer ‘s lens. These essays use rich sensory details, metaphors, and figurative language to create a vivid and immersive experience . Its primary purpose is to engage readers’ senses and imagination.

It allows writers to demonstrate their ability to observe and describe subjects with precision and creativity.

What are the Key Features of Descriptive Essay

Employs figurative language and imagery to paint a vivid picture for the reader

Demonstrates creativity and expressiveness in narration

Includes close attention to detail, engaging the reader’s senses

Engages the reader’s imagination and emotions through immersive storytelling using analogies, metaphors, similes, etc.

When is a descriptive essay written.

1. Personal narratives or memoirs that describe significant events, people, or places.

2. Travel writing to capture the essence of a destination or experience.

3. Character sketches in fiction writing to introduce and describe characters.

4. Poetry or literary analyses to explore the use of descriptive language and imagery.

How to Write a Descriptive Essay

The descriptive essay lacks a defined structural requirement but typically includes: an introduction introducing the subject, a thorough description, and a concluding summary with insightful reflection.

1. Subject Selection and Observation

Choose a subject (person, place, object, or experience) to describe
Gather sensory details and observations

2. Engaging Introduction

Set the scene and provide the context
Use of descriptive language and figurative techniques

3. Descriptive Body Paragraphs

Focus on specific aspects or details of the subject
Engage the reader ’s senses with vivid imagery and descriptions
Maintain a consistent tone and viewpoint

4. Impactful Conclusion

Provide a final impression or insight
Leave a lasting impact on the reader

Narrative Essays: Storytelling in Action

Narrative essays are personal accounts that tell a story, often drawing from the writer’s own experiences or observations. These essays rely on a well-structured plot, character development, and vivid descriptions to engage readers and convey a deeper meaning or lesson.

What are the Key features of Narrative Essays

Written from a first-person perspective and hence subjective

Based on real personal experiences

Uses an informal and expressive tone

Presents events and characters in sequential order

When is a narrative essay written.

It is commonly assigned in high school and college writing courses to assess a student’s ability to convey a meaningful message or lesson through a personal narrative. They are written in situations where a personal experience or story needs to be recounted, such as:

1. Reflective essays on significant life events or personal growth.

2. Autobiographical writing to share one’s life story or experiences.

3. Creative writing exercises to practice narrative techniques and character development.

4. College application essays to showcase personal qualities and experiences.

How to Write a Narrative Essay

Narrative essays typically follow a chronological structure, with an introduction that sets the scene, a body that develops the plot and characters, and a conclusion that provides a sense of resolution or lesson learned.

1. Experience Selection and Reflection

Choose a significant personal experience or event
Reflect on the impact and deeper meaning

2. Immersive Introduction

Introduce characters and establish the tone and point of view

3. Plotline and Character Development

Advance the plot and character development through body paragraphs
Incorporate dialog , conflict, and resolution
Maintain a logical and chronological flow

4. Insightful Conclusion

Reflect on lessons learned or insights gained
Leave the reader with a lasting impression

Argumentative Essays: Persuasion and Critical Thinking

Argumentative essays are the quintessential form of academic writing in which writers present a clear thesis and support it with well-researched evidence and logical reasoning. These essays require a deep understanding of the topic, critical analysis of multiple perspectives, and the ability to construct a compelling argument.

What are the Key Features of an Argumentative Essay?

Logical and well-structured arguments

Credible and relevant evidence from reputable sources

Consideration and refutation of counterarguments

Critical analysis and evaluation of the issue

When is an argumentative essay written.

Argumentative essays are written to present a clear argument or stance on a particular issue or topic. In academic settings they are used to develop critical thinking, research, and persuasive writing skills. However, argumentative essays can also be written in various other contexts, such as:

1. Opinion pieces or editorials in newspapers, magazines, or online publications.

2. Policy proposals or position papers in government, nonprofit, or advocacy settings.

3. Persuasive speeches or debates in academic, professional, or competitive environments.

4. Marketing or advertising materials to promote a product, service, or idea.

How to write an Argumentative Essay

Argumentative essays begin with an introduction that states the thesis and provides context. The body paragraphs develop the argument with evidence, address counterarguments, and use logical reasoning. The conclusion restates the main argument and makes a final persuasive appeal.

Choose a debatable and controversial issue
Conduct thorough research and gather evidence and counterarguments

2. Thesis and Introduction

Craft a clear and concise thesis statement
Provide background information and establish importance

3. Structured Body Paragraphs

Focus each paragraph on a specific aspect of the argument
Support with logical reasoning, factual evidence, and refutation

4. Persuasive Techniques

Adopt a formal and objective tone
Use persuasive techniques (rhetorical questions, analogies, appeals)

5. Impactful Conclusion

Summarize the main points
Leave the reader with a strong final impression and call to action

To learn more about argumentative essay, check out this article .

5 Quick Tips for Researchers to Improve Academic Essay Writing Skills

Use clear and concise language to convey ideas effectively without unnecessary words

Use well-researched, credible sources to substantiate your arguments with data, expert opinions, and scholarly references

Ensure a coherent structure with effective transitions, clear topic sentences, and a logical flow to enhance readability

To elevate your academic essay, consider submitting your draft to a community-based platform like Open Platform for editorial review

Review your work multiple times for clarity, coherence, and adherence to academic guidelines to ensure a polished final product

By mastering the art of academic essay writing, researchers and scholars can effectively communicate their ideas, contribute to the advancement of knowledge, and engage in meaningful scholarly discourse.

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Huxli’s proprietary technology infuses AI-generated text with elements of human-like language, adapting tone, style, and idioms to suit even the most stringent academic reviews. It's not just about correctness; it's about crafting messages that engage, persuade, and resonate on a human level. Huxli lets you humanize AI text without it reading like you used humanization.

Academic Humanization

Many students use our essay writer and essay humanizer in school to save time while maintaining academic integrity. Most professors and teachers want students’ work to pass AI detection—Let Huxli help you meet academic expectations.

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By embedding principles like simplicity, coherence, and precision into AI-generated text, Huxli humanizes ai text to make complex writing into accessible and engaging content.

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Humanizing Others, Humanizing Ourselves

Reduce the tendency to dehumanize others with these strategies..

Posted May 11, 2024 | Reviewed by Ray Parker

The Importance of Empathy
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Dehumanization increases risks of violence, marginalization, injustice, and further cycles of dehumanization.
We can interrupt the cycle by noticing our reactions and trying to remember shared humanity instead.
Practicing perspective-taking, understanding systemic factors, and accepting our own complexity can help.

By Lizabeth Roemer, Ph.D. and Josh Bartok

I recently watched a conversation between Brittany Packnett Cunningham and Mohsin Mohi-Ud-Din about using storytelling to connect to one’s sense of one's own humanity, as well as to aid in recognizing all of our shared humanity. On the other hand, we often encounter dramatic dehumanizing or demonizing rhetoric from various public figures during online discussions. This rhetoric is used to justify harm and can also elicit an urge to dehumanize those who are expressing it, creating a cycle of dehumanization and harm. The lessons of history and research in the field of psychology clearly document the connection between this kind of rhetoric and the worldview it engenders, with the further amplifying of cycles of violence, marginalization, and injustice (Haslam, 2006).

It can be easy to dismiss dehumanization as something done only by “those people over there,” but recognizing a tendency in ourselves to see others whose actions we object to as less than fully human can help us interrupt cycles of violence and retaliation. Ironically, imagining these tendencies as something that has no relation to us (“I am nothing like that”) is itself a way of dehumanizing or othering others. But when we are aware of how easy it can be for us ourselves to lose track of the humanness of others, we can instead develop habits that allow us to practice an expansive humanization of ourselves and others. And this practice is a path to peace—both inner and outer.

“If I Were in Their Shoes”

It’s easy to observe the behavior of an individual or a group of people and think or say, “If I were in their shoes.” Then, proceed to say what we would do differently if we were ourselves, with our histories and experiences, suddenly put into their lives, but this is perhaps too simplistic. To reach a deeper level of understanding, it can be helpful to imagine that we have lived that person's (or that group’s) entire life experience, day after day, from the time they were born until the very moment they took some action we object to. What if we had been treated the way they have been treated throughout our lives, oppressed, perhaps abused, regarded with contempt? What if we were treated as less-than-human and shut out of spaces and conversations the way they have been? What if, for our entire lives, we had been denied access to resources and opportunities the way they have been? If we truly imagine that we have walked in someone else's shoes from before the time they had shoes, we will find that we can understand their words and actions much better. This goes beyond “there but for the grace of God (or circumstance) go I” to a profound realization of the reality that, in a really important way, even now, “there go I.”

The Power of Personal Names

In an article I use in my doctoral-level research methods course, Pratto (2002) suggests that researchers imagine replacing the term “participants” or “subjects” with their own family name to ensure that what they are writing is respectful. (So, rather than writing “Subjects in the study developed symptoms of X in response to….”, I might probe the humanity of that sentence by imagining it read “Roemers developed…”). I really like this suggestion, and I’ve recently been considering the impact of replacing general depersonalized terms with more personal, intimate ones in our words and thoughts. This can be powerful with people and even with the natural world. For instance, in my family, we’ve taken up a practice of naming the squirrels and birds that visit our deck. As a result, anytime we see a male cardinal, we cheerfully greet him as Hank and feel a more personal connection to the bird (even as we recognize that “Hank” is probably many birds). When I see upsetting events in the news or on social media , I remind myself that each person involved is a person with a name, with people who love them, and with wants and needs just like me and the people I love.

See Someone as Human and Still Object to Their Words and Actions

Social psychologists have observed that in some situations, humans are more likely to attribute their own actions to environmental causes while seeing others’ actions as evidence of self-existent and stable traits, i.e., “that’s just the way they are.” Studies have shown that this tendency can vary based on cultural factors (Markus & Kitayama, 1991) but is more likely to occur for negative behaviors observed or enacted (Malle, 2006).

I notice in my own responses that when people say or do things that I find particularly harmful, misinformed, and unjust, I can be quick to make more personality -based attributions for these things. For instance, when a person says something cruel, I might dismiss them as a cruel person. When I notice myself doing this, I have an opportunity to practice honoring my thought-out responses to these words and actions while also refraining from dehumanizing those who take them. I have certainly said and done things that I later realized were unkind and misinformed. And I know that deep pain, personal and historical trauma , cultural conditioning, as well as false information and propaganda, can lead people to do and say deeply, and perhaps even dramatically, harmful things. I also know, from my own experience and the psychological literature, that dehumanizing others causes intrapsychic harm to the person doing it, in addition to furthering cycles of harm—in short, when I dehumanize others, I do violence to my own heart and mind.

The practice then, in service of others as well as myself, is to cultivate compassion (perhaps using some of these strategies), while still holding them accountable for their actions, and striving to live in accord with my own values. That said, in contexts in which our own humanity is being denied, we may practice this compassion internally and from a distance. As writer and healer Prentiss Hemphill wisely notes of boundaries , they "are the distance at which I can love you and me simultaneously.” We can remove ourselves from the harmful words and actions of others while still seeing them as human.

Reject False Binaries

Sometimes, the urge to see others as less than human comes from the perception that we must either recognize others’ humanity or recognize our own because there cannot possibly be room for both. This creates a false binary—an imagined either/or that pushes out the more expansive reality of both/and. In such circumstances, it is essential for the well-being of all of us, both alone and together, to practice a spaciousness that recognizes the humanity of all of us. We must continually deprogram ourselves from messaging that somehow care for others will diminish us or that we must neglect ourselves in service of others. The truth is, always and inevitably, we are all interconnected.

Josh Bartok is a contemplative photographer and life coach. He is the author of two children's books and several collections of inspiring quotes.

Haslam, N. (2006). Dehumanization: An Integrative Review Personality and Social Psychology Review 10(3):252-64

Pratto, F. (2002). Integrating experimental and social constructivist social psychology: Some of us are already doing it. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 194-198.

Malle, Bertram F. (2006). "The actor-observer asymmetry in attribution: A (surprising) meta-analysis". Psychological Bulletin. 132 (6): 895–919.

Markus, H. R.; Kitayama, S. (1991). "Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation". Psychological Review. 98 (2): 224–253.

Lizabeth Roemer, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts Boston, where she is actively involved in research and clinical training of doctoral students in clinical psychology.

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What the Origins of Humanity Can and Can’t Tell Us

By Maya Jasanoff

A man looking into a mirror and seeing an apelike reflection.

In the summer of 1856, laborers at a limestone quarry near Düsseldorf were clearing mud and chert out of a cave when they turned up a fossilized skull. It was long and elliptical, with wide sinuses and a heavy ridge over the eye sockets. The workers thought it belonged to some kind of bear, but a local schoolteacher who inspected it had a different hunch. He thought that it was a previously undiscovered kind of human being. The British geologist William King, setting the skull alongside those of chimpanzees and Andaman Islanders, agreed; he declared that it belonged to an entirely new species, which he named Homo neanderthalensis , for the Neander Valley, where it was found.

What we know today as Neanderthals might have been called Engisians or Gibraltarians, if remains of the same species that were dug up earlier in Engis, a municipality in Belgium, and on the Iberian Peninsula had been accurately identified. In the event, English descriptions of the Neanderthal remains appeared at the same time as Charles Darwin ’s “ On the Origin of Species ” (1859), and excited scientists who were mulling over the book’s theory of natural selection. Thomas Henry Huxley, an enthusiastic Darwinian, viewed the fossils as proof that “we must extend by long epochs the most liberal estimate that has yet been made of the antiquity of Man.” That extended era soon got a name: “prehistory,” describing the period before humans recorded their existence in writing.

Since the Neanderthal discovery, the start date for human prehistory has been pushed farther and farther back. The bones of Java Man, found in the eighteen-nineties, and of Peking Man, found in the nineteen-twenties, suggested that humans emerged out of Asia between seven hundred thousand and 1.5 million years ago. Twentieth-century excavations of the genus Australopithecus in South Africa, Tanzania, and Ethiopia—where forty per cent of an australopithecine skeleton dubbed Lucy was retrieved, in 1974—shifted hominin origins to some 3.2 million years ago and informed the “out of Africa” theory that remains widespread today.

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Each of these discoveries helped answer a historical question—How did humans become human?—while deepening a metaphysical one: What makes humans human? King felt certain that the Neanderthal brain was “incapable of moral and theistic conceptions” of the sort that distinguished humans from other animals. Huxley, for his part, happily accepted that “Man is, in substance and structure, one with the brutes,” although only humans had “the marvellous endowment of intelligible and rational speech.” Other scholars have claimed that humans alone have the power to generate non-utilitarian symbols, or that humans alone make tools not simply to accomplish immediate tasks—the way a chimpanzee uses a stick to get ants—but to make other tools for future use. The most popular account of human distinctiveness today comes from Yuval Noah Harari , whose “ Sapiens ” extrapolates the entire course of human history from the banal claim that Homo sapiens has a unique capacity for creativity.

Accounts of the deep human past, in short, rest on assumptions about what it means to be human in the first place, giving them normative implications for modern society. As the historian Stefanos Geroulanos writes in “ The Invention of Prehistory ” (Liveright), European intellectuals have, in the past two and a half centuries, turned to prehistory to explain things like the structure of families, the basis of states, the prevalence of war, and the nature of sentiment. “The story of human origins has never really been about the past,” he says. “Pre-history is about the present day. It always has been.” When people wrote about distant times, what were they revealing about their own?

In the beginning, Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed, humans had nothing but “two legs to run with” and “two arms to defend themselves with”; they had no language but “the simple cry of nature” and no passions beyond food, sex, and sleep. He imagined the “state of nature” as a simple, peaceful, egalitarian counterpoint to the shackles and constraints of so-called civilization. Rousseau was hardly the first European thinker to draw the contrast—Thomas Hobbes, of course, had devoted a few sentences to what he supposed was the “nasty, brutish, and short” version of life in the “state of nature”—but for Rousseau it wasn’t a brief aside. He thought hard about what life might have been like in the deep past, and in doing so, Geroulanos writes, made it “possible to think of prehistoric humans” as modernity’s ancestors, and to evaluate the present in prehistory’s mirror.

European intellectuals in Rousseau’s wake searched for evidence of how things had really been. Languages offered one clue. In Kolkata, in the seventeen-eighties, William Jones, a British philologist and an East India Company judge, noticed that Sanskrit shared with Greek and Latin such strong affinities that the languages must have “sprung from some common source.” An “Indo-European” family of languages was promptly diagrammed in the form of a genealogical tree, branching through time and space from East to West.

Jones’s insight had particular influence on nineteenth-century German scholars, some of whom proposed that the original Indo-Europeans—also called Aryans—had come from Asia and overrun northern Europe, where they sired the Germanic tribes who went on to bring down the Roman Empire. And just as Aryans were the parents of ancient Germans, the Germans were the parents of modern Europe—a link cemented in the German word for Indo-European, Indogermanisch . The invaders were imagined as muscular, spirited forces reinvigorating stagnant, corrupted realms. Nazi race theorists took these ideas one step further by fixing the Indo-European homeland in northern Germany proper, propelling fantasies of a fresh wave of Aryan conquest.

While Continental nationalists emphasized their superior prehistoric roots, scholars in the expanding British and American empires bolstered a “civilizing mission” by identifying prehistoric practices in contemporary non-European societies. “The European may find among the Greenlanders or Maoris many a trait for reconstructing the picture of his own primitive ancestors,” Edward Burnett Tylor, a founder of cultural anthropology, wrote. He focussed on a long-standing preoccupation of ethnologists—the origins of religion—and positioned a belief in supernatural entities at the primitive end of an axis whose other pole was modern science. Lewis Henry Morgan, a sometime lawyer in upstate New York, compared kinship structures across a hundred and thirty cultures (many of them Native North American) to elaborate a theory of social evolution that started with the “savage” communal family, proceeded to “barbarian” clans, and eventuated in a “civilized” order led by male property owners.

By the end of the nineteenth century, Western intellectuals regularly portrayed the human past in groupings of three stages. Savage, barbarian, civilized. Animism, religion, science. Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Where the thinkers differed was on whether or how these triune stages represented “progress.” On one side were Hobbes’s heirs, who vigorously championed civilization over savagery—that is, if civilization meant accumulating private wealth, using industrial technology, and fighting fewer wars. On the other side were Rousseau’s, who saw in prehistory—and its putative living representatives among non-Western societies—forms of egalitarianism and harmony that modernity had destroyed. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, for instance, read Morgan closely and concluded that a primitive communism had been wrecked by the emergence of marriage and monogamy. Either way, Geroulanos points out, real-life “primitive” peoples on the receiving end of the civilizing mission (people like the Andamanese, to whom King compared the Neanderthal) were frequently described as “disappearing”—natural casualties of human evolution, rather than targets of conquest and extermination.

The catastrophic carnage of the Great War prompted a murkier speculation: What if something “savage” resided within us? The German Darwinist Ernst Haeckel had speculated that while in utero human embryos pass through every stage of evolutionary history, developing first what look like gill slits and tails, which disappear in time. Though debunked, the theory had wide influence, notably on Sigmund Freud , who suggested that everyone carries a primal inheritance in the form of the Oedipus complex, which haunts the unconscious with guilt and repression. Freud’s student Carl Jung delivered an antisemitic, fascist-friendly version of a primal psyche in the notion of a “collective unconscious,” stamped by prehistoric archetypes. Prehistoric instinct continues to be a popular explanation for behavior that seems somehow “inhuman.” The neuroscientist Paul MacLean suggested in the nineteen-fifties that the human brain contained a “reptilian” core, governed by instinct—a notion alive and well in some descriptions of Donald Trump.

Today, genetics provides the most influential account of the prehistoric past and its effects on modern humans. Though Geroulanos has little to say about it, the ability to extract and sequence ancient DNA from remains of long-dead humans has transformed our picture of human origins and population movements alike. In place of a single migration of Homo sapiens from Africa some fifty thousand years ago, for instance, there is evidence of multiple passages of hominins between Europe and Africa dating from around four hundred thousand years ago to upward of 1.8 million years ago. Ancient-DNA research has helped resolve the question of where the Indo-Europeans originated, pointing toward a location south of the Caucasus, with dispersals from there into India and the Eurasian steppe, and from the steppe into northern Europe. The research has even identified a kind of hominin, the Denisovan, for which there are scant fossil remains.

Few populations have undergone as extensive a makeover as Neanderthals, whose shifting image over the past hundred and fifty years, Geroulanos shows, indexes Western attitudes about race, primitivism, and savagery. As nineteenth-century scientific racism gathered momentum, Haeckel proposed naming Neanderthals Homo stupidus , and the initial depictions rendered them as hunched, half-naked cavemen. In the early nineteen-hundreds, a time of startling European colonial violence in Africa, a French illustration of a Neanderthal portrayed him as a club-toting gorilla. This inspired a snarling bust made for the Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso, which was the model, in turn, for a bestial portrait of “Neanderthal Man” in H. G. Wells’s blockbuster “ The Outline of History ” (1920). A diorama installed in Chicago’s Field Museum in 1929, at the height of the American enthusiasm for eugenics, portrayed the Neanderthal as a neckless, bone-sucking oaf. Later, the anthropologist Carleton Coon depicted a clean-shaven Neanderthal wearing a jacket and tie, perhaps to suggest that interbreeding had given rise to present-day racial difference.

Owing to the sequencing of the Neanderthal genome, in 2010, scientists now believe that almost everybody living today carries some Neanderthal DNA—typically around two per cent of the genome in people of Asian, European, and Indigenous American and Pacific origin—and future research may well further blur the species line between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens . You can “Meet Your Ancestors” at the Smithsonian Institution’s Hall of Human Origins, in a display of more than seventy replica fossil skulls, and see the only Neanderthal skeleton in the United States. It was excavated at the Shanidar Cave, in Iraqi Kurdistan, where archeologists found evidence that Neanderthal elders were cared for by community members and buried with intent. The artist John Gurche’s bust of “Nandy,” reconstructing one of the males found in the cave, has his hair scooped into a fashionable man bun and a weathered face filled with poignant expression. These are Neanderthals for the age of 23andMe, which, in 2020, expanded its “Neanderthal Ancestry Report” to show whether your own Neanderthal genes incline you to have “difficulty discarding possessions you may never use,” or to feel “irritable or angry when hungry (hangry).” Now that we know they’re part of us, we’ve decided that Neanderthals may not be so savage after all.

There’s a fair amount of repetition in “The Invention of Prehistory,” in large measure because the currents coursing through modern Western accounts of our deep past have remained so similar since the eighteenth century. (Another book might usefully put these in conversation with concepts of prehistory favored in cultures that don’t have linear concepts of time.) Although we have far more evidence today about the lives, the deaths, and the legacies of prehistoric humans than Rousseau and his peers had, social scientists continue to tread well-worn tracks about the relative merits of prehistoric societies (e.g., David Graeber and David Wengrow, “ The Dawn of Everything ”) or their Hobbesian horrors (e.g., Steven Pinker, “ The Better Angels of Our Nature ”). Pop culture does its part, too, conjuring a deep past abuzz with presentist significance, in movies like “Ice Age” (2002), which spawned a multibillion-dollar franchise on a friendly message of interspecies solidarity, or “The Croods: A New Age” (2020), which transposes current political polarization onto rustic cavemen encountering a snotty liberal élite, in anatomically modern human form.

It’s a truism that all chronicles of history bear the marks of their own times, and there’s no reason to expect those of prehistory to be an exception. What seems distinctive, however, is the frequency with which speculations about the deep past invite fantasies about a more or less distant future: the Flintstones begat the Jetsons. In “ The Descent of Man ,” Darwin voiced hope that, as more “small tribes are united into larger communities,” mankind will “extend his social instincts and sympathies . . . to the men of all nations and races”—a wish echoed by generations of liberal internationalists. Socialists have found it helpful to invoke “primitive communism” as a basis for future redistribution, and feminists to cite prehistoric matriarchy and goddess cults when pressing for a post-patriarchal society. Bill Gates and the Silicon Valley fraternity are fans of Harari’s sequel to “Sapiens,” “ Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow ,” which portrays an algorithm-governed future overseen by a handful of godlike humans.

Such stories about human origins are appealing because they explain the societies we have or justify the ones we want. Yet considerations of human history across the very longue durée have also prompted dismal projections, and these exert a magnetic attraction of their own. In the Second World War, technology, long held up by archeologists as the yardstick of human progress, became indelibly linked with mass destruction. As Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer wrote in the shadow of war, an aircraft pilot spraying poison “might be called superhuman in comparison to the troglodyte,” but our capacity for destruction made it quite possible that the “human species will tear itself to pieces” or “take all the earth’s fauna and flora down with it.” Nowadays, one apocalypse looms in the irreversible human damage to the climate and to biodiversity which prompts scholars to consider the “Anthropocene” a new planetary epoch. Another triune progression haunts our nuclear-armed era: the First World War, the Second World War, the Third World War. However much we’ve learned about the origins of humanity, it has become dangerously easy to bring about its end. ♦

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By Adam Gopnik

By Nathan Heller

By Erik Baker

A scientist picks through a handful of dark wet soil.

Humans have been altering nature for thousands of years – to shape a sustainable future, it’s important to understand that deep history

Executive Director, Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon

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Todd Braje does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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In July 2024, all eyes will turn to Paris for the Summer Olympic Games. Spectators from around the globe will converge on the City of Light to watch athletes compete and to soak in the culture, romance and history of one of the world’s most recognizable cities.

But an iconic Paris landmark, the Notre Dame cathedral, will still be under renovation after a devastating fire that ignited in the cathedral and burned for 12 hours on April 14, 2019. When the last embers were extinguished, most of Notre Dame’s wood and metal roof was destroyed, and its majestic spire had vanished, consumed by flames.

Notre Dame is nearly 1,000 years old and has been damaged and repaired many times. Its last major renovation was in the mid-1800s . The massive beams that framed the structure were fashioned from European oak trees harvested 300 to 400 years ago.

Today, these trees are common throughout north-central Europe, but few are tall enough to replace Notre Dame’s roof lattice and spire, thanks to centuries of deforestation. Planners had to search nationwide for enough suitably large oaks for the restoration.

As an archaeologist, I study long-term human interactions with nature . In my new book, “ Understanding Imperiled Earth: How Archaeology and Human History Inform a Sustainable Future ,” I describe how addressing modern environmental crises requires an understanding of deep history – not just written human records, but also ancient connections between humans and the natural world.

Many people assume that the devastating impacts humans have wrought on our planet came about with the industrial era , which began in the mid-1700s. But people have been transforming conditions on Earth for millennia. Looking backward can inform our journey forward.

From deforestation to reforestation

To see how this works, let’s consider the shortage of tall trees for Notre Dame from a wider perspective. Deforestation in Europe dates back at least 10,000 years to a time when early farmers swept across the continent, felling forests and creating agricultural and pastoral lands to form the landscapes of today .

Based on archaeological evidence, pollen-based modeling and written records, scientists have determined that forest cover across northern, central and western Europe reached its highest density about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, followed by a gradual decline over the intervening millennia. By AD 1700, people were farming on 250 million acres (100 million hectares) of agricultural fields, most of which had been created by clearing native European forests.

Millions of acres of timber became fuel for domestic hearths, and then for furnaces and boilers during the Industrial Revolution. This process was so transformative that renowned British geographer H. C. Darby, writing in 1954, called it “probably the most important single factor that has changed the European landscape .”

Most of these forests were lost long before scientists could study them, but historical detective work can fill in the missing information. By identifying charred plant remains from ancient fire pits and analyzing pollen from lake and soil cores, archaeologists can map where ancient forests once flourished, determine which species were represented and reconstruct what forests looked like.

Today, European nations are working to restore forests across the continent in order to slow climate change and species loss. With historical information about past forests, modern scientists can make better choices about which tree species to plant, select the best locations and project how the trees may respond to future climate change.

Understanding what’s possible

In the past 50 years, the rate and scale of human impacts on Earth have intensified. In what scholars have dubbed “ the Great Acceleration ,” human activities such as clearing forests, converting lands for farming and development, overharvesting wildlife and fisheries, and warming the atmosphere through widespread use of fossil fuels have altered conditions for life.

For people born during this era of dizzying change, it can be hard to picture life on Earth before humans remade it. Scientists have pointed out the danger of so-called “ shifting baselines ” – the widespread tendency to assume that the current depleted state of nature is how things have always been. Knowing how ecosystems used to look and function, and how human actions have changed them, makes the scale of conservation tasks more clear.

History offers insights into how the world once looked, long before globalization and industrial activities reshaped the planet. Discarded animal bones, charcoal fragments, broken stone tools and other flotsam and jetsam of the ancient past provide clues about the sizes and abundances of animal species, the location and composition of native forests and landscapes, and fluctuating atmospheric conditions. They also indicate how humans, plants and animals responded to these changes.

Informing a resilient future

The past can help modern societies confront today’s environmental challenges in innumerable ways. Understanding how takes careful historical detective work and scientific creativity. Here are a few examples:

Tracing where Indigenous fisherfolk collected black abalone for over 10,000 years can guide restoration efforts for this endangered species . Numerous examples of effective Indigenous strategies are emerging from recent archaeological and anthropological research, showcasing innovative land management, sustainable agriculture and community resilience practices that have been honed over centuries .

Understanding the history of deforestation and land conversion patterns can help health experts anticipate future pandemics . Many infectious diseases move from wildlife to humans, and human activities such as deforestation and urbanization are increasingly bringing humans and wildlife into closer contact . This heightens the risk of zoonotic disease transmission.

Museum collections can help scientists document and understand species declines and build effective strategies to fight the loss of global biodiversity. For example, museum collections of preserved amphibians have allowed scientists to track the spread of the deadly chytrid fungus, aiding in the development of targeted conservation strategies to protect vulnerable frog species.

Taxidermied passenger pigeon in a museum display

Humans can slow and, perhaps, reverse the ecological harms that they have caused, but Earth will never return to some past pristine state.

Nonetheless, I believe that history can help humans save Earth’s remaining wild, natural places that, along with cultural icons like Notre Dame, tell the stories of who we are. The goal is not to go backward, but to create a more resilient, sustainable and biodiverse planet.

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Seamless AI Detection Bypass: Effortlessly bypass leading AI text detectors , ensuring your content remains private and protected.
Multiple Humanization Modes: Choose from Standard, Shorten, Expand, Simplify, or Improve Writing modes to tailor your text according to your preferences.
Customizable Content Goals: Specify your content goals, whether it's enhancing clarity, adjusting tone, or optimizing for a specific audience.
User-Friendly Interface: Easy-to-use interface allows for quick and intuitive text transformation.
Instant Transformation: Watch as your AI-generated text evolves into naturally engaging human-like content in just a few clicks.
Enhanced Clarity and Readability: Improve the clarity and readability of your text with our humanization algorithms.
Privacy and Protection: Keep your content private and protected by seamlessly humanize AI detector systems.

Unlock the full potential of your AI-generated content with the AISEO text humanizer tool.

Why is Humanizing AI Text Important for Content Creation?

The standout features of the AISEO Humanize AI generator are designed to revolutionize your content transformation experience:

Meaning Preservation: Our AI Text Converter retains the core ideas of your AI-generated text while introducing human-like nuances, ensuring your message remains intact.
Clarity Enhancement: Complex sentences are simplified and refined, enhancing readability and comprehension for your audience.
Avoiding Plagiarism: By rephrasing content in your own words, AISEO humanize AI ChatGPT and helps you steer clear of unintentional plagiarism while maintaining originality.
Style Adaptation: Tailor your content's tone, style, and formality to suit your specific requirements, whether it's professional, casual, or academic.
Effortless Process: With a user-friendly interface and intuitive design, AISEO humanizer AI text streamlines the text transformation process, making it accessible to all users.

In summary, AISEO's Humanize AI Generated Text Tool combines advanced technology with user-centric features to deliver unparalleled results in AI text transformation. Experience the power of seamless content evolution today.

Is AI-Generated Content as Good as Human-Written Content?

The debate over the quality of AI-generated content versus human-written content continues to spark discussion. While AI has made significant strides in mimicking human language patterns, nuances, and style, it still falls short in certain aspects:

Creativity and Originality: AI lacks the innate ability to think creatively and produce truly original content that reflects human emotions, experiences, and perspectives.
Contextual Understanding: Human writers possess the unique capability to understand context, cultural nuances, and subtle cues, enabling them to tailor content effectively to specific audiences and situations.
Emotional Intelligence: AI lacks emotional intelligence, making it challenging to infuse content with genuine empathy, humor, or persuasion, which are essential elements of human communication.
Ethical Considerations: AI-generated content raises ethical concerns regarding accountability, bias, and the potential for misinformation, as algorithms may unintentionally perpetuate stereotypes or disseminate inaccurate information.

While Humanize AI Text Deutsch Tool offers efficiency and scalability, human-written content remains unparalleled in its depth, authenticity, and ability to connect with audiences on a profound level. Ultimately, the best results often emerge from a thoughtful combination of AI assistance and human creativity.

Elevate Engagement Instantly with Humanized Text

Ever wonder why some content falls flat while others grab your attention instantly? Research indicates that over 80% of online content fails to engage its audience. Are you tired of being part of that statistic?

Imagine if there was a way to change that narrative. What if you could transform your bland, robotic text into captivating, humanized narratives that draw readers in from the first sentence?

With our Humanize AI content online free tool, you can do just that. Elevate engagement instantly by infusing personality and warmth into your content. Gone are the days of uninspired writing that fails to connect. Our solution turns your words into stories that resonate with your audience on a deeper level.

Say hello to content that sparks conversation, drives interaction, and keeps readers coming back for more. Elevate engagement effortlessly with humanized text – your audience will thank you for it.

What Industries Can Benefit from AI-made Content?

Various industries can leverage AI-made content to streamline processes, enhance customer experiences, and drive innovation:

Marketing and Advertising: AI-generated content can personalize marketing campaigns, optimize ad copy, and analyze consumer behavior to improve targeting and engagement.
E-commerce: AI-powered product descriptions, reviews, and recommendations can enhance the shopping experience, boost conversion rates, and drive sales.
Journalism and Publishing: Automated content generation can assist journalists in data analysis, report generation, and breaking news updates, improving efficiency and expanding coverage.
Customer Service: AI chatbots and virtual assistants can provide instant support, answer inquiries, and resolve issues efficiently, enhancing customer satisfaction and reducing response times.
Education and E-learning: AI-generated content can facilitate personalized learning experiences, create interactive educational materials, and automate grading and feedback processes.
Healthcare: AI-driven content can assist healthcare professionals in patient education, medical research, and data analysis, leading to improved diagnostics, treatment, and patient outcomes.
Entertainment and Gaming: AI-generated content can enhance storytelling, create immersive gaming experiences, and personalize content based on user preferences, increasing engagement and retention.

In summary, AI-made content has the potential to revolutionize numerous industries by optimizing processes, enhancing user experiences, and driving business growth.

Does AI-Generated Content Pass as Authentic?

The authenticity of AI-generated content raises important questions regarding its credibility and trustworthiness. While AI has made significant advancements in mimicking human language patterns and generating coherent text, discerning its authenticity remains a challenge. Factors such as tone, style, and coherence can sometimes give away the artificial nature of the content.

Despite advancements, AI-generated content often lacks the depth, emotional intelligence, and nuanced understanding characteristic of human-written content. This limitation can lead to issues with credibility and resonance, particularly in contexts where authenticity is paramount, such as storytelling, journalism, and branding.

Furthermore, concerns about ethical considerations, including bias, misinformation, and accountability, further complicate the perception of AI-generated content's authenticity. While AI can assist in content creation and automation, human oversight and intervention are crucial to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the final output.

How Can I Ensure the Quality of AI-Generated Text?

Ensuring the quality of AI-generated text involves several key steps:

Training Data Selection: Choose high-quality, diverse training data sets to provide the AI model with a broad understanding of language patterns and contexts.
Model Evaluation: Regularly assess the performance of the AI model through rigorous testing, validation, and benchmarking against human-written content.
Fine-Tuning and Optimization: Continuously refine the AI model through fine-tuning and optimization techniques to enhance its accuracy, coherence, and relevance.
Human Review and Editing: Incorporate human oversight and editing to review AI-generated text for clarity, coherence, and authenticity, ensuring it aligns with your desired standards and objectives.
Feedback Loop: Establish a feedback loop to gather insights from users, identify areas for improvement, and iteratively enhance the AI model's performance over time.
Ethical Considerations: Adhere to ethical guidelines and principles in AI development and deployment to mitigate risks such as bias, misinformation, and unintended consequences.

By implementing these strategies, you can uphold the quality and integrity of AI-generated text, ensuring it meets your standards and resonates with your audience effectively.

Why Is Humanizing AI Written Text Important?

Humanizing AI-written text is crucial for several reasons:

Enhanced Engagement: Humanized text feels more relatable and authentic to readers, leading to increased engagement, retention, and trust.
Improved Communication: By infusing AI-generated content with human-like qualities such as empathy, humor, and clarity, it becomes more effective in conveying messages and building connections with audiences.
Brand Consistency: Humanized text aligns with the brand voice and values, maintaining consistency across communication channels and enhancing brand identity and perception.
Reduced Misinterpretation: Humanized text reduces the risk of misinterpretation or misunderstanding by conveying information in a clear, concise, and natural manner.
Ethical Considerations: Humanizing AI text helps mitigate ethical concerns related to bias, misinformation, and manipulation, promoting transparency and accountability in content creation and dissemination.

Overall, humanizing AI-written text plays a pivotal role in fostering meaningful interactions, building trust, and enhancing the overall quality and impact of communication efforts.

Transform AI Text into Compelling, Human Narratives

Do you ever find yourself scrolling through endless streams of AI-generated content, feeling disconnected and unengaged? You're not alone. Studies reveal that nearly 60% of consumers find generic content uninteresting. But what if there was a way to change that narrative?

Imagine transforming your robotic AI text into compelling, human narratives that capture attention and evoke emotion. With our Humanize AI text converter tool , you can do just that. Say goodbye to bland, lifeless content that fails to resonate with your audience.

Our solution seamlessly converts AI text into stories that feel authentic and relatable. By infusing personality and emotion into your writing, you can create content that not only grabs attention but also sparks meaningful conversations and drives action.

Transform your AI text into compelling, human narratives today, and watch as your audience engages like never before.

How Does Humanizing AI Text Improve Content Quality?

Humanizing AI text involves infusing artificial intelligence-generated content with human-like qualities such as empathy, clarity, and authenticity. This process significantly enhances content quality in several key ways:

Relatability and Engagement: Humanized AI text resonates better with audiences, fostering stronger connections and increasing engagement levels as readers find the content more relatable and compelling.
Clarity and Understanding: By adopting a more conversational tone and structure, humanized AI text improves readability and comprehension, ensuring that complex concepts are communicated effectively and understood by the intended audience.
Emotional Impact: Humanized AI text can evoke emotions and empathy in readers, making the content more memorable and impactful compared to robotic or impersonal communication.
Brand Alignment: Humanized AI text reflects the brand's personality and values, maintaining consistency across communication channels and strengthening brand identity.
Trust and Credibility: Humanized AI text builds trust and credibility with readers, as they perceive the content as genuine and authentic, thereby increasing their likelihood to engage with and act upon the information presented.

In summary, humanizing AI text enhances content quality by making it more relatable, understandable, emotionally resonant, and aligned with brand identity, ultimately leading to improved audience engagement and trust.

Can AI Truly Replicate Human Writing Style?

No, AI cannot truly replicate human writing style. While AI has advanced in mimicking language patterns and structure, it lacks the nuanced understanding, emotional intelligence, and creativity inherent in human writing. These limitations result in text that may occasionally lack authenticity, depth, and originality compared to human-authored content.

However, AI continues to evolve, and ongoing research and development efforts aim to enhance its capabilities in replicating human writing style. While AI-generated text may closely resemble human writing, achieving complete parity remains a complex challenge due to inherent differences in contextual understanding, emotional expression, and creativity between AI and humans.

What Benefits Does Humanization Bring to User Engagement?

Humanization significantly enhances user engagement by creating a more relatable and compelling experience for audiences. By infusing content with human-like qualities such as empathy, authenticity, and clarity, humanization fosters stronger connections between users and the content, leading to increased interaction and participation.

Emotional Connection: Humanized content resonates with users on an emotional level, evoking empathy, humor, or nostalgia, which cultivates a deeper connection and encourages users to engage more deeply with the content.
Enhanced Relevance: Humanized content is tailored to address users' needs, preferences, and interests, making it more relevant and personalized. This customization increases user satisfaction and encourages continued engagement with the content.
Improved Communication: Humanization promotes clearer and more concise communication by adopting a conversational tone and structure that users find easy to understand and relate to. This clarity enhances comprehension and encourages users to engage more actively with the content.
Trust and Credibility: Humanized content builds trust and credibility with users by conveying authenticity and transparency. Users perceive humanized content as genuine and trustworthy, leading to increased confidence in the information presented and higher levels of engagement.

Humanization brings numerous benefits to user engagement by fostering emotional connections, enhancing relevance, improving communication, and building trust and credibility, ultimately leading to increased interaction and participation with the content.

How Can I Make AI-Generated Content More Personalized?

Making AI-generated content more personalized involves leveraging data-driven insights and advanced algorithms to tailor the content to individual preferences, interests, and characteristics. By implementing the following strategies, you can enhance the personalization of AI-generated content:

Data Collection and Analysis: Gather user data through various sources such as demographics, browsing behavior, and past interactions. Analyze this data to gain insights into individual preferences, interests, and behaviors.
Segmentation and Targeting: Divide your audience into distinct segments based on shared characteristics or behaviors. Develop personalized content strategies for each segment to deliver targeted messages and recommendations that resonate with their specific needs and interests.
Dynamic Content Generation: Use dynamic content generation techniques to automatically generate personalized content in real-time based on user interactions, preferences, or contextual information. This ensures that each user receives content tailored to their unique profile and situation.
Personalized Recommendations: Implement recommendation engines powered by AI algorithms to suggest relevant content, products, or services to users based on their past behavior, preferences, and similarities with other users.

By leveraging data-driven insights, segmentation strategies, dynamic content generation techniques, and personalized recommendations, you can humanize AI generated content more personalized and relevant to individual users, enhancing their overall experience and engagement.

Craft Compelling Content: Bring AI Text to Life

Ever feel like your AI-generated content is missing that special something? You're not alone. Research shows that over 70% of marketers struggle with creating engaging content. But what if there was a way to change the game?

Imagine breathing life into your AI text, turning it into compelling content that captivates your audience. With our Humanize AI for free tool, you can do just that. Say goodbye to dull, robotic writing that fails to connect.

Our solution empowers you to craft content that feels alive and resonates with your readers. By infusing personality and emotion into your AI text, you can create stories that speak directly to your audience's hearts.

Bring your AI text to life today and watch as engagement levels soar. Say hello to content that captures attention, sparks interest, and drives results.

Can AI Replace Human Content Creators?

Personalizing AI-generated content involves tailoring the content to the individual preferences, interests, and characteristics of each user. By leveraging data-driven insights and advanced algorithms, you can make AI-generated content more personalized in the following ways:

Interactive Experiences: Offer interactive experiences such as quizzes, polls, or surveys to gather user input and preferences. Use this data to dynamically generate personalized content or recommendations that reflect each user's individual interests and preferences.

Making AI-generated content more personalized involves leveraging data-driven insights, segmentation strategies, dynamic content generation techniques, personalized recommendations, and interactive experiences to tailor the content to the individual preferences and interests of each user.

What are the Concerns Related to AI-generated Content?

While AI-generated content offers numerous benefits, it also raises several concerns related to its use and impact:

Quality and Accuracy: AI-generated content may lack the quality, accuracy, and coherence of human-authored content, leading to issues with misinformation, inaccuracies, and poor readability.
Ethical Considerations: AI-generated content raises ethical concerns regarding attribution, plagiarism, and the potential for bias or manipulation, as algorithms may inadvertently replicate biased or inaccurate information present in the training data.
Loss of Human Element: AI-generated content lacks the human touch and emotional intelligence characteristic of human-authored content, potentially leading to a loss of authenticity, empathy, and connection with audiences.
Legal Issues: AI-generated content may raise legal issues related to copyright infringement, intellectual property rights, and liability, particularly in cases where the content violates copyright laws or misleads consumers.
Impact on Jobs: The widespread adoption of AI-generated content may lead to job displacement in industries such as journalism, content creation, and copywriting, as automation replaces human labor in content production.

While AI-generated content offers numerous benefits, concerns related to quality, ethics, loss of human element, legal issues, and impact on jobs highlight the need for careful consideration and regulation in its use and deployment.

What Role Does Human Editing Play in AI-Generated Content?

Human editing plays a crucial role in refining and enhancing the quality of AI-generated content, ensuring it meets the desired standards of clarity, coherence, and authenticity. While AI algorithms excel at generating text based on predefined patterns and data, human editors provide the critical judgment, creativity, and contextual understanding necessary to produce high-quality content that resonates with audiences.

Quality Assurance: Human editors review AI-generated content to identify and correct errors, inconsistencies, and inaccuracies, ensuring that the final output meets the desired level of quality and accuracy.
Style and Tone Adjustment: Human editors tailor the style, tone, and voice of AI-generated content to align with the intended audience, brand identity, and communication objectives, enhancing its relevance and impact.
Contextual Understanding: Human editors possess the contextual understanding and cultural awareness necessary to ensure that AI-generated content is appropriate, relevant, and sensitive to the nuances of language, culture, and audience preferences.
Creativity and Originality: Human editors inject creativity, originality, and flair into AI-generated content, adding depth, personality, and uniqueness that distinguishes it from generic or formulaic text.

Human editing complements AI-generated content by providing quality assurance, style adjustment, contextual understanding, and creativity, ultimately enhancing its overall quality, relevance, and effectiveness in engaging audiences.

How to Find the Best Bypass Tools That Can Humanize the Text?

Finding the best humanize AI text undetectable tools that can humanize text requires careful consideration of several key factors to ensure effectiveness and reliability:

Research and Reviews: Start by researching and reading reviews of different bypass tools available in the market. Look for user feedback, testimonials, and ratings to gauge the quality, performance, and user satisfaction of each humanize AI writing tool.
Features and Capabilities: Evaluate the features and capabilities offered by each humanize AI text free online tool, focusing on its ability to humanize AI free text effectively. Look for humanize AI text online tools that offer a range of humanization options such as adjusting tone, style, and clarity to suit your specific needs and preferences.
User-Friendly Interface: Choose a bypass AI tool with a user-friendly interface and intuitive design that makes it easy to use and navigate. Look for humanize AI written text tools that offer clear instructions, customizable settings, and streamlined workflows to enhance usability and efficiency.
Compatibility and Integration: Ensure that the humanize AI essay tool is compatible with your existing systems, software, and workflows. Look for humanize AI content free tools that offer seamless integration with popular platforms, applications, and content management systems to facilitate smooth implementation and workflow integration.
Security and Privacy: Prioritize bypass GPTZero tools that prioritize security and privacy measures to protect sensitive information and data. Look for humanize AI text free unlimited tools that offer encryption, authentication, and data protection features to safeguard your content and ensure compliance with privacy regulations.

Finding the best humanize AI text Español tools that can humanize AI text free involves thorough research, evaluation of features and capabilities, consideration of usability and compatibility, and prioritization of security and privacy measures. By following these guidelines, you can select a humanize AI text for free tool that meets your needs and helps you achieve your goals effectively.

Infuse Personality: Make AI Text Resonate with Readers

Ever read AI-generated text and felt like you were talking to a robot? You're not alone. Research suggests that over 80% of consumers prefer content that feels authentic and relatable. But how do you inject personality into machine-generated writing?

Imagine transforming your AI text into relatable, human-like content that resonates with your audience. With our humanize AI content generator tool, it's possible. Say goodbye to bland, impersonal writing that fails to connect.

Our solution allows you to infuse personality into your AI text, making it feel like a genuine conversation with your readers. By adding warmth and authenticity, you can create content that leaves a lasting impression.

Make your AI text resonate with readers today and watch as engagement levels skyrocket. Say hello to content that feels real, relatable, and genuinely engaging.

How Can I Prevent AI Content from Sounding Robotic?

Preventing AI content from sounding robotic involves implementing strategies to infuse it with human-like qualities and nuances:

Use Natural Language: Encourage the use of natural language patterns and expressions to make the content sound more conversational and relatable.
Incorporate Emotion: Infuse emotion, empathy, and personality into the content to evoke a human response and connection with the audience.
Vary Sentence Structure: Avoid monotony by using a variety of sentence structures, lengths, and formats to maintain reader interest and engagement.
Add Personalization: Tailor the content to the individual preferences, interests, and characteristics of the audience to make it more relevant and personalized.
Human Editing: Incorporate human editing and oversight to refine and enhance the content, ensuring it meets the desired standards of clarity, coherence, and authenticity.

By implementing these strategies, you can prevent AI content from sounding robotic and create a more engaging and humanized experience for your audience.

Do I Still Need Human Proofreading for AI Content?

Yes, human proofreading remains essential for AI content despite advancements in language generation technology. While AI can generate text efficiently, it may still produce errors, inconsistencies, or awkward phrasing that requires human intervention to correct. Human proofreading ensures that the final content meets the desired standards of quality, clarity, and coherence.

Moreover, human proofreading adds a crucial layer of context, creativity, and nuance that AI alone cannot replicate. Human proofreaders possess the linguistic expertise, cultural understanding, and critical judgment necessary to refine and enhance AI-generated content, ensuring it resonates with the intended audience and achieves its communication objectives effectively. In summary, while Humanize AI essay free tool continues to advance, human proofreading remains indispensable for maintaining the integrity, authenticity, and quality of content in an AI-driven landscape.

What Steps Can Prevent AI Content from Being Misleading?

Preventing AI content from being misleading requires careful consideration and implementation of several key steps:

Fact-Checking: Verify the accuracy and validity of information presented in AI-generated content through thorough fact-checking and cross-referencing with credible sources.
Transparency: Clearly disclose the use of AI technology in content creation to provide transparency to the audience and avoid potential confusion or misinterpretation.
Human Oversight: Incorporate human oversight and editing to review AI-generated content for accuracy, relevance, and ethical considerations, ensuring it aligns with established standards and guidelines.
Bias Detection: Identify and mitigate biases present in AI-generated content by analyzing the training data, algorithms, and output for any potential biases or inaccuracies.
Audience Education: Educate audiences about the limitations and capabilities of AI technology to help them discern between human-authored and AI-generated content and make informed judgments.

By implementing these steps, you can prevent AI content from being misleading and uphold the integrity, credibility, and trustworthiness of your content.

What Factors Determine the Quality of AI-Generated Content?

Several factors contribute to determining the quality of AI-generated content:

Data Quality: The quality and diversity of the training data used to train the AI model significantly impact the accuracy and relevance of the generated content.
Algorithm Performance: The effectiveness and sophistication of the underlying algorithms influence the coherence, fluency, and relevance of the AI-generated content.
Contextual Understanding: The AI model's ability to comprehend and respond to the context, intent, and nuances of the given task or scenario contributes to the quality and relevance of the generated content.
Human Oversight: The level of human oversight and editing applied to AI-generated content plays a crucial role in refining and enhancing its quality, ensuring it meets the desired standards of clarity, coherence, and authenticity.
Ethical Considerations: Adherence to ethical guidelines and principles in AI development and deployment, including transparency, fairness, and accountability, ensures that the generated content upholds integrity, credibility, and trustworthiness.

By considering these factors, you can assess and enhance the quality of Humanize AI written content to meet the desired standards and objectives effectively.

Maximizing Content Impact through AI Humanization

Ever experienced the frustration of seeing your carefully crafted AI content go unnoticed in a sea of digital noise? In a landscape saturated with impersonal messaging, connecting with your audience can feel like an uphill battle. Did you know that 72% of consumers crave authenticity in brand communication? Are you struggling to make your voice heard?

Introducing AISEO AI Humanizer free AI text generator. It's the solution you've been searching for to inject life into your content and forge genuine connections with your audience. Our AI human generator transcends robotic monotony, breathing authenticity into every word. Say goodbye to generic messaging and hello to AI content generator that resonates deeply with your audience.

No more guessing games or lost opportunities. With AISEO Text converter tool, your content becomes a catalyst for meaningful interactions and lasting relationships. Choose AISEO AI generator text free and let your voice cut through the noise, sparking authentic conversations in a digital world craving authenticity.

How does AISEO's AI Humanizer tool handle complex or technical content?

AISEO's AI Humanizer tool is designed to adeptly handle complex or technical content, ensuring that even the most intricate information is transformed into engaging, free human online text. Here's AI writing how our AI content generator tool tackles such content:

Contextual Understanding: The human generator AI employs advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques to grasp the nuances of technical jargon and complex concepts.
Adaptive Algorithms: Our AI message generator free utilizes adaptive algorithms that can decipher and translate technical terminology into more accessible language without compromising on accuracy for undetectable AI free.
Customizable Modes: Users can select from a range of humanization modes, including Standard, Shorten, Expand, Simplify, or Improve Writing, allowing them to tailor the transformation process according to the specific requirements of the content.
Fine-Tuned Output: By allowing users to specify their content goals, such as enhancing clarity or adjusting human like tone, the AI Humanizer tool produces output that strikes the perfect balance between technical accuracy and readability.
Continuous Improvement: AISEO humanizer AI free continually refines and updates the AI Humanizer tool to ensure it remains effective in handling even the most complex content, incorporating user feedback and advancements in AI technology.

With these key features in place, AISEO's AI Humanizer tool confidently tackles complex or technical content, delivering humanized text that is both informative and engaging.

Can the AI Humanizer tool accommodate different languages and cultural nuances?

Yes, AISEO's AI Humanizer tool is designed to accommodate different languages and cultural nuances effectively, ensuring that content is humanized in a manner that resonates with diverse audiences. Here's how our AI tool achieves this:

Multilingual Support: The AI to human text converter is equipped with multilingual capabilities, allowing it to process text in various languages, including but not limited to English, Spanish, French, German, and more.
Cultural Sensitivity: AISEO ChatGPT humanizer has incorporated cultural sensitivity into the AI Humanizer tool, enabling it to recognize and adapt to cultural nuances in language usage, expressions, and idiomatic phrases.
Customization Options: Users can customize the humanization process to align with specific cultural contexts and preferences, ensuring that the output reflects cultural sensitivity and appropriateness.
Continuous Training: AISEO Humanizer Pro continually trains and updates the AI Humanizer tool with diverse datasets from different languages and cultural backgrounds, enhancing its ability to understand and incorporate cultural nuances effectively.

By offering multilingual support, cultural sensitivity, customization options, and continuous training, the AI Humanizer tool ensures that content is humanized in a way that respects and resonates with diverse linguistic and cultural contexts.

What measures does AISEO humanizer Chat GPT take to ensure the privacy and security of user data when using the AI Humanizer tool?

At AISEO, ensuring the privacy and security of user data when using the AI Humanizer tool is paramount. We implement a comprehensive set of measures to safeguard user data throughout the entire process. Here's how we ensure privacy and security:

Data Encryption: All user data, including input text AI and output SEO optimized content, is encrypted both in transit and at rest to prevent unauthorized access.
Secure Infrastructure: We utilize secure server infrastructure with robust firewalls and intrusion detection systems to protect against external threats and vulnerabilities.
Access Controls: Access to user data is strictly limited to authorized personnel only, and stringent access controls are enforced to prevent unauthorized access or data breaches.
Compliance: Our AI humanizer generator adhere to industry-standard data protection regulations such as GDPR and CCPA, ensuring that user data is handled in accordance with legal requirements.
Anonymization: Personal identifying information is anonymized whenever possible to minimize the risk of data exposure.
Regular Audits: Our Undetectable AI tool conduct regular security audits and assessments to identify and address any potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in our systems.

By implementing these measures, AISEO AI text and AI humanizer tools, ensures that user data remains private and secure when utilizing the AI text generator online free and AI Humanizer tool, giving users peace of mind regarding their data privacy.

Is there a limit to the length or size of text that the Humanizer AI tool can process efficiently?

The text AI generator offered by AISEO essay humanizer is designed to efficiently process text online free of varying lengths and sizes, ensuring a seamless humanization process regardless of plagiarism free content volume. While there isn't a strict limit imposed on the length or size of humanize the AI content that the AI text humanizer can handle, certain factors may influence its efficiency:

Processing Time: Longer or larger texts may require additional processing time compared to shorter ones, but the SEO humanizer text tool is optimized to handle large volumes efficiently.
Resource Availability: The AI humanizer rewriter's performance may depend on available computational resources, such as processing power and memory, which can impact its efficiency when processing extensive texts.
User Experience: To maintain a smooth user experience, AISEO humanizer free recommend breaking down exceptionally lengthy AI written content into manageable chunks for optimal processing efficiency.

Overall, while there isn't a fixed limit, AISEO humanize GPT ensures that the AI Humanizer tool can effectively process texts of varying lengths and sizes to meet users' needs efficiently.

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The Hechinger Report

Covering Innovation & Inequality in Education

PROOF POINTS: AI essay grading is already as ‘good as an overburdened’ teacher, but researchers say it needs more work

ChatGPT scored an essay within one point of a human grader 89 percent of the time in one batch of essays

Still, this level of accuracy was impressive because even teachers disagree on how to score an essay and one-point discrepancies are common. Exact agreement, which only happens half the time between human raters, was worse for AI, which matched the human score exactly only about 40 percent of the time. Humans were far more likely to give a top grade of a 6 or a bottom grade of a 1. ChatGPT tended to cluster grades more in the middle, between 2 and 5.

Tate set up ChatGPT for a tough challenge, competing against teachers and experts with PhDs who had received three hours of training in how to properly evaluate essays. “Teachers generally receive very little training in secondary school writing and they’re not going to be this accurate,” said Tate. “This is a gold-standard human evaluator we have here.”

The raters had been paid to score these 1,800 essays as part of three earlier studies on student writing. Researchers fed these same student essays – ungraded – into ChatGPT and asked ChatGPT to score them cold. ChatGPT hadn’t been given any graded examples to calibrate its scores. All the researchers did was copy and paste an excerpt of the same scoring guidelines that the humans used, called a grading rubric, into ChatGPT and told it to “pretend” it was a teacher and score the essays on a scale of 1 to 6.

Older robo graders

Earlier versions of automated essay graders have had higher rates of accuracy . But they were expensive and time-consuming to create because scientists had to train the computer with hundreds of human-graded essays for each essay question. That’s economically feasible only in limited situations, such as for a standardized test, where thousands of students answer the same essay question.

Earlier robo graders could also be gamed, once a student understood the features that the computer system was grading for. In some cases, nonsense essays received high marks if fancy vocabulary words were sprinkled in them. ChatGPT isn’t grading for particular hallmarks, but is analyzing patterns in massive datasets of language. Tate says she hasn’t yet seen ChatGPT give a high score to a nonsense essay.

Tate expects ChatGPT’s grading accuracy to improve rapidly as new versions are released. Already, the research team has detected that the newer 4.0 version, which requires a paid subscription, is scoring more accurately than the free 3.5 version. Tate suspects that small tweaks to the grading instructions, or prompts, given to ChatGPT could improve existing versions. She is interested in testing whether ChatGPT’s scoring could become more reliable if a teacher trained it with just a few, perhaps five, sample essays that she has already graded. “Your average teacher might be willing to do that,” said Tate.

Many ed tech startups, and even well-known vendors of educational materials, are now marketing new AI essay robo graders to schools. Many of them are powered under the hood by ChatGPT or another large language model and I learned from this study that accuracy rates can be reported in ways that can make the new AI graders seem more accurate than they are. Tate’s team calculated that, on a population level, there was no difference between human and AI scores. ChatGPT can already reliably tell you the average essay score in a school or, say, in the state of California.

Questions for AI vendors

At this point, it is not as accurate in scoring an individual student. And a teacher wants to know exactly how each student is doing. Tate advises teachers and school leaders who are considering using an AI essay grader to ask specific questions about accuracy rates on the student level: What is the rate of exact agreement between the AI grader and a human rater on each essay? How often are they within one-point of each other?

The next step in Tate’s research is to study whether student writing improves after having an essay graded by ChatGPT. She’d like teachers to try using ChatGPT to score a first draft and then see if it encourages revisions, which are critical for improving writing. Tate thinks teachers could make it “almost like a game: how do I get my score up?”

Of course, it’s unclear if grades alone, without concrete feedback or suggestions for improvement, will motivate students to make revisions. Students may be discouraged by a low score from ChatGPT and give up. Many students might ignore a machine grade and only want to deal with a human they know. Still, Tate says some students are too scared to show their writing to a teacher until it’s in decent shape, and seeing their score improve on ChatGPT might be just the kind of positive feedback they need.

“We know that a lot of students aren’t doing any revision,” said Tate. “If we can get them to look at their paper again, that is already a win.”

That does give me hope, but I’m also worried that kids will just ask ChatGPT to write the whole essay for them in the first place.

This story about AI essay scoring was written by Jill Barshay and produced by The Hechinger Report , a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for Proof Points and other Hechinger newsletters .

The Hechinger Report provides in-depth, fact-based, unbiased reporting on education that is free to all readers. But that doesn't mean it's free to produce. Our work keeps educators and the public informed about pressing issues at schools and on campuses throughout the country. We tell the whole story, even when the details are inconvenient. Help us keep doing that.

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Why writing by hand beats typing for thinking and learning

Jonathan Lambert

A close-up of a woman's hand writing in a notebook.

If you're like many digitally savvy Americans, it has likely been a while since you've spent much time writing by hand.

The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a relic of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. Electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits that have undoubtedly boosted our productivity — imagine having to write all your emails longhand.

To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand.

But giving up this slower, more tactile way of expressing ourselves may come at a significant cost, according to a growing body of research that's uncovering the surprising cognitive benefits of taking pen to paper, or even stylus to iPad — for both children and adults.

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In kids, studies show that tracing out ABCs, as opposed to typing them, leads to better and longer-lasting recognition and understanding of letters. Writing by hand also improves memory and recall of words, laying down the foundations of literacy and learning. In adults, taking notes by hand during a lecture, instead of typing, can lead to better conceptual understanding of material.

"There's actually some very important things going on during the embodied experience of writing by hand," says Ramesh Balasubramaniam , a neuroscientist at the University of California, Merced. "It has important cognitive benefits."

While those benefits have long been recognized by some (for instance, many authors, including Jennifer Egan and Neil Gaiman , draft their stories by hand to stoke creativity), scientists have only recently started investigating why writing by hand has these effects.

A slew of recent brain imaging research suggests handwriting's power stems from the relative complexity of the process and how it forces different brain systems to work together to reproduce the shapes of letters in our heads onto the page.

Your brain on handwriting

Both handwriting and typing involve moving our hands and fingers to create words on a page. But handwriting, it turns out, requires a lot more fine-tuned coordination between the motor and visual systems. This seems to more deeply engage the brain in ways that support learning.

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"Handwriting is probably among the most complex motor skills that the brain is capable of," says Marieke Longcamp , a cognitive neuroscientist at Aix-Marseille Université.

Gripping a pen nimbly enough to write is a complicated task, as it requires your brain to continuously monitor the pressure that each finger exerts on the pen. Then, your motor system has to delicately modify that pressure to re-create each letter of the words in your head on the page.

"Your fingers have to each do something different to produce a recognizable letter," says Sophia Vinci-Booher , an educational neuroscientist at Vanderbilt University. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it's formed. With each stroke, your brain compares the unfolding script with mental models of the letters and words, making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters' shapes, says Vinci-Booher.

That's not true for typing.

To type "tap" your fingers don't have to trace out the form of the letters — they just make three relatively simple and uniform movements. In comparison, it takes a lot more brainpower, as well as cross-talk between brain areas, to write than type.

Recent brain imaging studies bolster this idea. A study published in January found that when students write by hand, brain areas involved in motor and visual information processing " sync up " with areas crucial to memory formation, firing at frequencies associated with learning.

"We don't see that [synchronized activity] in typewriting at all," says Audrey van der Meer , a psychologist and study co-author at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She suggests that writing by hand is a neurobiologically richer process and that this richness may confer some cognitive benefits.

Other experts agree. "There seems to be something fundamental about engaging your body to produce these shapes," says Robert Wiley , a cognitive psychologist at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "It lets you make associations between your body and what you're seeing and hearing," he says, which might give the mind more footholds for accessing a given concept or idea.

Those extra footholds are especially important for learning in kids, but they may give adults a leg up too. Wiley and others worry that ditching handwriting for typing could have serious consequences for how we all learn and think.

What might be lost as handwriting wanes

The clearest consequence of screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might be on kids' ability to learn the building blocks of literacy — letters.

"Letter recognition in early childhood is actually one of the best predictors of later reading and math attainment," says Vinci-Booher. Her work suggests the process of learning to write letters by hand is crucial for learning to read them.

"When kids write letters, they're just messy," she says. As kids practice writing "A," each iteration is different, and that variability helps solidify their conceptual understanding of the letter.

Research suggests kids learn to recognize letters better when seeing variable handwritten examples, compared with uniform typed examples.

This helps develop areas of the brain used during reading in older children and adults, Vinci-Booher found.

"This could be one of the ways that early experiences actually translate to long-term life outcomes," she says. "These visually demanding, fine motor actions bake in neural communication patterns that are really important for learning later on."

Ditching handwriting instruction could mean that those skills don't get developed as well, which could impair kids' ability to learn down the road.

"If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, which is very good brain stimulation, then their brains simply won't reach their full potential," says van der Meer. "It's scary to think of the potential consequences."

Many states are trying to avoid these risks by mandating cursive instruction. This year, California started requiring elementary school students to learn cursive , and similar bills are moving through state legislatures in several states, including Indiana, Kentucky, South Carolina and Wisconsin. (So far, evidence suggests that it's the writing by hand that matters, not whether it's print or cursive.)

Slowing down and processing information

For adults, one of the main benefits of writing by hand is that it simply forces us to slow down.

During a meeting or lecture, it's possible to type what you're hearing verbatim. But often, "you're not actually processing that information — you're just typing in the blind," says van der Meer. "If you take notes by hand, you can't write everything down," she says.

The relative slowness of the medium forces you to process the information, writing key words or phrases and using drawing or arrows to work through ideas, she says. "You make the information your own," she says, which helps it stick in the brain.

Such connections and integration are still possible when typing, but they need to be made more intentionally. And sometimes, efficiency wins out. "When you're writing a long essay, it's obviously much more practical to use a keyboard," says van der Meer.

Still, given our long history of using our hands to mark meaning in the world, some scientists worry about the more diffuse consequences of offloading our thinking to computers.

"We're foisting a lot of our knowledge, extending our cognition, to other devices, so it's only natural that we've started using these other agents to do our writing for us," says Balasubramaniam.

It's possible that this might free up our minds to do other kinds of hard thinking, he says. Or we might be sacrificing a fundamental process that's crucial for the kinds of immersive cognitive experiences that enable us to learn and think at our full potential.

Balasubramaniam stresses, however, that we don't have to ditch digital tools to harness the power of handwriting. So far, research suggests that scribbling with a stylus on a screen activates the same brain pathways as etching ink on paper. It's the movement that counts, he says, not its final form.

Jonathan Lambert is a Washington, D.C.-based freelance journalist who covers science, health and policy.

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Jessica Grose

Loneliness is a problem that a.i. won’t solve.

By Jessica Grose

Opinion Writer

When I was reporting my ed tech series , I stumbled on one of the most disturbing things I’ve read in years about how technology might interfere with human connection: an article on the website of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz cheerfully headlined “ It’s Not a Computer, It’s a Companion! ”

It opens with this quote from someone who has apparently fully embraced the idea of having a chatbot for a significant other: “The great thing about A.I. is that it is constantly evolving. One day it will be better than a real [girlfriend]. One day, the real one will be the inferior choice.” The article goes on to breathlessly outline use cases for “A.I. companions,” suggesting that some future iteration of chatbots could stand in for mental health professionals, relationship coaches or chatty co-workers.

This week, OpenAI released an update to its ChatGPT chatbot, an indication that the inhuman future foretold by the Andreessen Horowitz story is fast approaching. According to The Washington Post, “The new model, called GPT-4o (“o” stands for “omni”), can interpret user instructions delivered via text, audio and image — and respond in all three modes as well.” GPT-4o is meant to encourage people to speak to it rather than type into it, The Post reports , as “the updated voice can mimic a wider range of human emotions, and allows the user to interrupt. It chatted with users with fewer delays, and identified an OpenAI executive’s emotion based on a video chat where he was grinning.”

There have been lots of comparisons between GPT-4o and the 2013 movie “Her,” in which a man falls in love with his A.I. assistant, voiced by Scarlett Johansson. While some observers, including the Times Opinion contributing writer Julia Angwin, who called ChatGPT’s recent update “ rather routine ,” weren’t particularly impressed, there’s been plenty of hype about the potential for humanlike chatbots to ameliorate emotional challenges, particularly loneliness and social isolation.

For example, in January, a co-founder of one A.I. company argued that the technology could improve quality of life for isolated older people, writing , “Companionship can be provided in the form of virtual assistants or chatbots, and these companions can engage in conversations, play games or provide information, helping to alleviate feelings of loneliness and boredom.”

Certainly, there are valuable and beneficial uses for A.I. chatbots — they can be life-changing for people who are visually impaired , for example. But the notion that bots will one day be an adequate substitute for human contact misunderstands what loneliness really is and doesn’t account for the necessity of human touch.

There are disagreements among academics about the precise meaning of “loneliness,” but to come at it as a social problem, it’s worth trying to sharpen our definitions. Eric Klinenberg , a sociologist at New York University and the author of several books about social connectedness, including “Going Solo” and “Palaces for the People,” described the complexity of loneliness to me this way: “I think of loneliness as our bodies’ signal to us that we need better, more satisfying connections with other people.” And, he said, “the major issue I have with loneliness metrics is they often fail to distinguish between the ordinary healthy loneliness, which gets us off our couch and into the social world when we need it, and the chronic dangerous loneliness, which prevents us from getting off our couch and spirals and leads us to spiral into depression and withdrawal.”

Why I worry about chatting with bots as a potential solution to loneliness is that it could be an approach that blunts the feeling just enough that it discourages or even prevents people from taking that step off the couch toward making connections with others. And some research indicates that a lack of human touch can exacerbate feelings of isolation. One 2023 paper by researchers at the University of Stirling expresses this more holistic view of loneliness quite eloquently, describing the emotion as “an embodied and contextualized sensory experience.”

Nick Gray, a co-author of that paper — which is about the effect of simulated versus real touch on feelings of loneliness — told me that he hasn’t seen any research yet on how realistic A.I. chatbots affect loneliness, noting that it is, obviously, a very new technology. But based on previous research in the field, including his own, he says “a realistic A.I. chatbot could give a temporary reprieve of the feelings of loneliness,” but “it’s a stretch to say it will reduce or get rid of loneliness.”

Klinenberg pointed out that we just had a natural experiment in forced isolation with the Covid-19 pandemic, and the results were quite clear: People, particularly people who lived alone, longed for human interaction. “If I told you that it’s a new pandemic that will hit this summer and we’ll all spend the next year alone or at home with our family, with everything in the public realm shut down, I don’t think the fact of A.I. would make us feel relieved,” he said, adding, “I think the prospect of a world without face-to-face interaction and human touch is terrifying.” He also noted that some of the companies that are pouring money into developing A.I. are among those that put ( unpopular ) return-to-office mandates into effect, so they certainly believe in the value of human interaction on some level.

I was struck by this passage in a story titled “Could A.I.-Powered Robot ‘Companions’ Combat Human Loneliness?” about work that researchers at Auckland, Duke and Cornell Universities are conducting with robots used as a means to try to help alleviate loneliness in older people:

“Right now, all the evidence points to having a real friend as the best solution,” said Murali Doraiswamy, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.P., professor of psychiatry and geriatrics at Duke University and member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences. “But until society prioritizes social connectedness and elder care, robots are a solution for the millions of isolated people who have no other solutions.”

What if even a tiny portion of the billions being spent developing A.I. chatbots could be spent on human and physical things we already know help loneliness? As Klinenberg put it, to help lonely and isolated people, we should be investing in things like collaborative housing, parks, libraries and other kinds of accessible social infrastructures that can help people of all ages build connectedness.

“The real social challenge and policy challenge and human challenge is for us to find ways to recognize these people and to attend to them, to care for them,” Klinenberg said. “But I also know that’s very hard work, and collectively we have failed to rise to that challenge.” We don’t want to spend the money or the time to support the most vulnerable among us. “In a way,” he added, “it’s our social failure that has created this opportunity for A.I. and technology to fill in the void.”

Jessica Grose is an Opinion writer for The Times, covering family, religion, education, culture and the way we live now.

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