essays for 2nd year

Colleges and Universties
Featured Lisitng of College
College By Cities
College By Level
CSS Pakistan
BS Mathematics
BS Electrical Engineering
BS Pschyology
BS Software Engineering
BS Computer Engineering
BS Chemical Engineering
BS Chemistry
BS Machenical Engineering
BS Civial Engineering
Most Popular Courses
Inter Level Courses
Bachelor Level Courses
Master Level Courses
Admission Alert
Admission Andriod App
7th Class Lectures
8th Class Lectures
9th Class Lectures
10th Class Lectures
11th Class Lectures
12th Class Lectures
ECAT Lectures
MDCAT Lectures
BA Part 1 Lectures
BA Part 2 Lectures
LAT Lectures
Matriculation
Intermediate
Punjab University
Karachi University
Bahaudin Zakriya University
Sarghoda University
Peshawar University
Islamia University Bahawalpur
Allama Iqbal Open University
Virtual University
University Of Health Science
University Of Balochistan
AJK University
Quetta University
Past Papers Android App
Roll No Slip
Study Abroad Main Page
Study Abroad Consultants
Study Abroad Guides
Study Abroad Events
Scholarships
Search Jobs by Company
Search Jobs by Industry
Search Jobs by City
Search Jobs in Professions
BS Electrical Engr
BS Software Engr
BS Computer Engr
BS Chemical Engr
BS Machenical Engr
BS Civial Engr
MS Mathematics
MS Electrical Engr
MS Pschyology
MS Software Engr
MS Computer Engr
MS Chemical Engr
MS Chemistry
MS Machenical Engr
MS Civial Engr
NAT-II Test
General Knowledge
GAT General
GAT Subject
Books Store

Latest Educational News Stories

Daily update of all national, international news, picture stories, college / university announcements and educational events.

Featured Listing of Colleges
Colleges by Cities
Colleges by Levels

Colleges and Universities Merit Lists

Find a Course

Pakistan's Largest Database of Colleges and Universities

Explore Largest Directory of Private and Govt. Colleges, Universities and find best institute for your future Education.

BS Programs

Admissions Alerts
Admission Guides
1st Year Admissions
Bachelors Admissions
Masters Admissions
Admissions Android Apps
Online Study Android App

Online Test

Short question.

9th Class Physics Short Questions
9th Class Chemistry Short Questions
9th Class Math Short Questions
9th Class Biology Short Questions
9th Class Computer Short Questions
9th Class English Short Questions
10th Class Physics Short Question
10th Class Chemistry Short Question
10th Class Math Short Question
10th Class Biology Short Question
10th Class Computer Short Question
10th Class English Short Question

Past Papers

University past papers, all boards and universities up to date past papers.

Search and download updated past papers of all educational boards and universities in Pakistan

Date Sheets Android App

Roll Number Slips

Results Android App
Prize Bonds
Prize Bond Schedules

University Results

Exam results 2024.

Check online Results 2024 Matric Inter BA BSc B.Com MA MSc M.Com CSS PCS MCAT ECAT of all educational boards and universities in Pakistan

Study Abroad

Scholarships Main

Scholarships in UK
Scholarships in US
Scholarships in Canada
Scholarships in France
Scholarships in Germany

Study Abroad Programs and Opportunities for Pakistani Students

Explore free study abroad search to find programs, consultants, events to study in USA, UK, Australia, China, Malaysia and many others.

NTS Test Form
NTS Test Date
NTS Selected Candidate
NTS Answer Key
NTS Test Registration
NTS Test Prep.
NTS Rejected Candidate
NTS Results
Find Tutors
Register Tutor

NTS Preparation
Home Tutors
MDCAT preparation
ECAT Entry Test

2nd Year English Grammar

Latest update.

Updated March 2024 The most recent 12th Class English Grammar Notes 2024 have been uploaded onto the Ilmkidunya website, with PDF files provided for the convenience of students. This allows students to easily access and download the notes, thereby improving their learning process effectively.

English is a compulsory subject of 2nd Year Intermediate Board Examinations . The subject enhances students develop better speaking, writing, and grammar skills. The students learn to be capable enough to draft creative writing with good grammar and vocabulary. The syllabus of English for 2nd Year Intermediate Board Exams includes several sections that cover the book part, grammar, comprehension, essay writing, and more.

12th Class English Grammar PDF Notes

English essays.

Essays are writings that include general information regarding the topic and the writer’s approach to the topic. It may include critical and analytical writing depending upon the type of essay. In the 2nd year, intermediate Board Exams English Essays are a compulsory portion with a choice of topics. The portion carries the highest marks. The students are required to draft essay writing while keeping grammar and vocabulary in mind.

My hero in history essay for 2nd year with quotations can also be found here.There are several Model Papers and Paper Schemes issued by the Punjab Board that highlight the important topics for students to prepare well. The students can draft an essay on their own or can attempt various model essays.

Grammar is an essential component of English writing. The proper use of grammar will lead to a better understanding of the concept the writer conveys. The wrong use of grammar will lead to unstructured sentences, unclear concepts, and hard-to-understand statements. Grammar is the proper use of Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives to form a structured sentence. Students of intermediate level are capable enough to form a structured sentence with the help of proper grammar. The essay, story, and other writings have a major role in grammar. To get a grip on your writing grammar plays a huge role.

The English stories at an intermediate level provide learning to students. These stories lead to a valuable moral lesson. The students gather their knowledge through the various short stories. It provides a better learning exposure to students. The story writing can either be descriptive or narrative. A narrative story includes the writer’s opinion and how the writer narrates the particular content of an event.

While descriptive stories include a description of a particular story. The intermediate students can follow various model papers to have a sound understanding of various essay writing and other English stories that will lead to a better performance overall.

12th Class Notes

Punjab board.

12 th Class -->

12 th Class

Prepare for Exams Through Our 12th Class Guess Papers 2024!

12th Class Supply Results 2023 Have Been Announced For All Punjab Boards

All Punjab Board’s 12th Class 2nd Annual Result 2023 Will be Out Tomorrow

PBCC Announces Commencement Date for 12th Class First Annual Exams 2024

BIEK Karachi Board 12th Class Result 2023 is Out Now!

to continue to ilmkidunya.com

Hi SoftSolutions

Forgot Password

Please Provide following information to Register

Important Essay for 2nd year 2024

The compilation of significant essays for second-year students serves as a valuable roadmap to essential topics within the English curriculum. Carefully curated, these important essays are designed to address a diverse range of subjects, fostering the development of critical thinking and communication skills. Encompassing various aspects of life, society, and personal experiences, these essays ensure that students are thoroughly equipped for their academic assessments. Exploring these important essays not only improves students’ writing proficiency but also provides insights into crucial societal issues, contributing to a well-rounded education that prepares them for the challenges and opportunities that await in the future.

In this article, I present a compilation of significant essay topics specifically tailored for 12th-grade students in 2024. These topics bear significance not only for class exams but also for other examinations such as PPSC papers, Matric exams, supplementary exams, and more.

List of Important Essays for 2nd Year:

Patriotism
My Aim in Life
Corruption
Why I Love Pakistan
A Visit to a Historical Place
A Cricket Match
Co-Education
Life in A Village
My First Day at College
Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phones
The Holy Quran
My Favorite Personality / My Hero in History
Life in a Big City

Additionally, there are evergreen essay topics that transcend time and remain relevant for examinations of various levels:

Evergreen Essay Topics for 2nd Year:

Unemployment
Examinations
My Favorite Book
Visit to the Zoo
Blessings of Science
Population Explosion
Technical Education
An Ideal Student

Mastering these topics is strongly encouraged as they encompass a diverse range of social, educational, and cultural aspects, ensuring students excel in their English essay writing examinations.

Floods In Pakistan Essay
Education System in Pakistan Essay
Blessing of Science Essay
Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay

Free Printable Essay Writing Worksheets for 2nd Year

Essay Writing made enjoyable! Discover a vast collection of free printable Reading & Writing worksheets for Year 2 students, designed by Quizizz to enhance learning and inspire young minds.

Explore Essay Writing Worksheets by Grades

kindergarten

Explore Other Subject Worksheets for year 2

Social studies
Social emotional
Foreign language
Reading & Writing

Explore printable Essay Writing worksheets for 2nd Year

Essay Writing worksheets for Year 2 are an essential resource for teachers looking to enhance their students' reading and writing skills. These worksheets provide a structured and engaging approach to teaching nonfiction writing, allowing young learners to develop their ideas and express themselves clearly. By incorporating a variety of topics and writing prompts, these worksheets encourage students to think critically and creatively, while also building a strong foundation in grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary. As students progress through the worksheets, they will gain confidence in their writing abilities and be better prepared for more advanced reading and writing tasks in the future. Essay Writing worksheets for Year 2 are a valuable tool for teachers who want to help their students excel in this crucial area of education.

Quizizz is an innovative platform that offers a wide range of educational resources, including Essay Writing worksheets for Year 2, to help teachers create engaging and interactive learning experiences for their students. By integrating Quizizz into their lesson plans, teachers can easily assess their students' progress in reading and writing, as well as other subjects. The platform offers a variety of features, such as customizable quizzes, real-time feedback, and gamified elements, which make learning fun and motivating for students. In addition to Essay Writing worksheets for Year 2, Quizizz also provides resources for other grade levels and subjects, making it a versatile and valuable tool for teachers looking to enhance their students' learning experience. With Quizizz, teachers can ensure that their students are developing the essential skills needed for success in reading, writing, and beyond.

Inter 2nd Year English Important Essays 2024

We have written down the list of inter 2nd year English important essays 2024 topics for 12th class. All those candidates who are going to attempt inter annual exams under any Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) can download and prepare 12th class important English essay topics . As candidates there are is a large number of English essays in Inter but here we are providing you only those essays which are the most important for inter exams 2024 point of view. In the English question paper, the question of essay writing carries 15 marks which means the question having the highest makes. Generally, it is to see that most of the students fail to secure maximum marks in this essay question. The reason is that they cannot write an essay in a proper essay structure. A good essay should be in borderlines. Start with a brief introduction and highlight all the headings with the marker, use easy language, and make a proper sentence. The most important thing is the use of tense i.e. present, past, or future.

So if any candidate who follows these ways to write an essay can secure 12 plus marks in the essay question. You know candidates, even a single mark has great importance in the preparation of your marks percentage, and the question of an essay is considered as the best source for chasing good marks in English Paper. Now scroll down this page to get Inter 2nd year English important essays 2024.

Lahore Board 12th Class Roll No Slip 2024

Inter 2nd Year English Important Essays 2024:

The following list is containing all the important English essays for 12th class 2024. you can click on any essay topic name and it will be explored on a new page where you can read all the details of that essay with outlines and quotes.

My Aim In Life
My First Day At College or School
Unemployment
Science and Our Life
A Visit to Historical Place
Technical Education
My Hero / My favorite Personality / Quaid-e-Azam , Allama Iqbal
Causes and Effects of Pollution On Environment Essay
Women’s Education
Internet Advantages and Disadvantages
Mobile Phone Advantages and Disadvantages
Co-Education
Essay On My Aim
The Importance of English Language
Importance of CPEC
Political System of Pakistan
Women’s Place in Our Society
Our Education System
Advantages of Sports
A Road Accident
Over Population
Responsibilities of Youth

Also Get: Intermediate 2nd Year Urdu Important Essays 2024

So these are the inter 2nd year English important essays 2024 for 12th class annual and supplementary examinations. So if you want to secure maximum marks in the essay question then you should prepare this essay and we assure you that your marks will be perfect in the result. Besides these English essay topics for 12th class, we are also suggesting that you must keep under the view about the rules of writing an English essay at inter part 2 level. Besides these topics, if you want to share any more important English Essay topics for the 12th class then share it in the following commenting section.

Faisalabad Board 11th Class Date Sheet 2024

Rawalpindi Board 11th Class Date Sheet 2024

Gujranwala Board 11th Class Date Sheet 2024

FPSC Custom Inspector Result 2024

17 comments.

Thanks a lot

How these are downloaded please help me.

thanks a lot

Thanka a lot

Thank u so much sir but please he tu bta drain k KIA in he main sy aye ga

Insaan khud b thori struggle kar lata ha

Confirm hai k is me hi sy aye ga

No.. these are just Most Important Essays

In sab main say ata hy koi 1 ya 2 ni hn

sir ye 2017 k impirtant essay ha plz bta de ya past k

2017 hamara past hi tha

thanxs Alot

Thankxxxx for guide us GOD bless you….full ameen

I appriate ur work . may God bless u.

Adblock Detected

PGC ilm is an educational website. We share valuable Notes , Guess Papers , Past Papers etc

2nd year english important essays for all boards

There are two main questions in 2nd year english. Essay carries 15 marks. Because of this weightage the students do their best to find notes for 2nd year english important essays. They need important essays list. We often see that in annual paper there are unseen essays. In such situations the students need to do self-writing . Self written essay are not appealing to checkers sometimes. Thus , the students might lose lose marks.

All these factors show the importance of 2nd year english important essays for students. 2nd year exams areas important for the students as 1st year are. If we suppose a Pakistani student , we can understand the fierceness of the competition. Competition among the students is really tough one. For them each mark has its value. They do not have option to skip the important question like essay. The question of essay writing plays a decisive role for the students of 2nd year. If they can get more than 13.5 marks from the question of essay writing , this is all fir them.

The real misery for the students of 2nd year is unavailability of determined syllabus for essays because the students do not get solid idea about. Thus ,cope with all the difficult situations like this , the students resort to different means to get a solid idea about the important essays for 2nd year english. They might have to visit different campuses . Because of this a lot of their time is wasted and they find themselves unable to prepare the question of important essay. Thus, to find online is best and suitable option for the students.

How to find 2nd year english important essays online

Now in this modern era the students can find such notes online because there are so many websites offering notes about important essays for 2nd year. We are also going to share a list of 2nd year english important essays to lessen the worry of students. The students of 2nd year need nothing extra to do. They simply need to download this file

1st year English guess paper 2024 | All boards

April 17, 2024

1st year Physics important short questions

April 13, 2024

1st year physics important long questions

March 29, 2024

About pgcilm.com

My Aim in Life Essay Quotations for Students – 2nd Year English

This post contains 15 Quotations for My Aim in Life Essay for students of FSC, 2nd year. Students of intermediate level need 4 to 6 quotations for a very good essay length. You can choose quotes that you feel easy and appropriate for your essay and use them in your content.

You should also visit Quotations for Essays if you are collecting material to prepare your English paper.

Quotations for My Aim in Life Essay in English for FSC, 2nd Year Students

My Aim in Life English Essay is very important for FSC Students. Not only for F.A, FSC students but also very important for matric level and also for B.A, BSC students. Students who are preparing this essay can write the same content if any of the following essays, is asked in the exam.

Essay on Aims in life
Essay on My ambition in life
The dream of my life Essay
The profession of my choice
The profession I want to choose
My future as I would like it to be
The profession I Like to Choose

I have already shared a list of complete English Essays for FSc students. So, if you are looking for complete English Essays on My Aim in Life with Quotations , you can visit English Essays . However, some students have Essay content already but looking for Quotes. This post is especially for those students.

Students should go for quality instead of quantity. They should choose easy to understand and famous quotes. The 2nd thing is where to place these quotations.

Choose the most appropriate and relevant place to place the quotation for a better paper presentation.

My Ambition in Life Quotes in English for Class 10 and Class 12

“Ambition is the path to success. Persistence is the vehicle you arrive in.” – (Bill Bradley)

“Intelligence without ambition is a bird without wings.” – (Salvador Dali)

Top 17 Quotations for A Rainy Day Essay

Cricket Match Essay Quotations, Quotations for Cricket match Essay

Top 20 Quotations for Cricket Match Essay for Students

City Life essay quotations, Quotations for essay on city life, city life essay with quotations,

Top 15 City Life Essay Quotations for Class 10 and Class 12

About the Author

SBP Internship Program for Students at State Bank of Pakistan

A Professional Man is Delivering Oral Presentation to Colleagues Sitting Around the Table

Oral Presentation | Strategies to Deliver Successfully

Paid ADB Internship Program 2024 by Asian Development Bank

My aim in life | an essay for 2nd year students.

My Aim in life

What makes life dreary is the want of motive .

To live without ambitions and desires is impossible. Everybody has his own dreams and goals to fulfill in his future life. The aim is significant in life to bring all the energies to one point. It is like a guiding star. It provides directions for our attempts. As Robert Browning says:

The aim, if reached or not makes a great life.

It is our desires and ambitions, which give us the stimulus to work and act. They are the main source of inspiration. We must select our future career keeping in view our taste, temperament, and ability. A prince may have a dream to be a king and a king may have the aim to be an emperor.

There are as many aims as men. Some want to be doctors. Others to be engineers. Some wish to be civil and military officers. Others to be poets and writers. As far as my aim in life is concerned. I desire to become a professor of English.

Teaching is not a paying profession. Teachers are the low-paying community all over the world. Their services are not considered. That is why this becomes the cause of low pay. There are many reasons that I choose this profession of teaching.

First, teaching is not a paying profession. Teachers all over the world are those who teach others. To me, this profession is the only profession in which a man can serve his nation in the best possible manner.

Engineering may build grand buildings, roads, and massive dams. Doctors may become the cause of life or a cause of death for patients. Civil and military officers may boast of their services to the nation. However, could they be so without the guidance of their teachers?

A teacher is an engineer maker, a doctor maker, and an officer maker. He is like a ladder, which remains at its place but helps others to climb higher and higher. It is only the men that glorify the nation. These men are made in the teaching institution.

Secondly, I am suited to this profession. I am fond of reading and teaching. I feel happiness in solving problems and explaining them to others. By adopting the profession, I will be able to lead a life of learning.

Thirdly, some persons may ask if I want to be a professor, then why a professor of English. The answer is that English literature is my favorite subject. A man can serve his nation well if he is interested in his work and only then, he can inspire his students.

Realization of such a noble ambition is possible only when a man devotes all his time to studies. Keeping this in view, I work hard and make an intensive study of English literature. Whatever, others think of my aim, I am contented with it.it is according to my taste and nature. As Wordsworth says.

A noble aim faithfully kept, is a noble deed.

Anila Ibrahim

An educationist, web content writer, equipped with an LLB and a Master’s degree in English Literature, as well as a Master of Philosophy in Entrepreneurship. I have a comprehensive understanding of both the English language and the educational landscape. This academic background empowers Anila to deliver content that is not only informative but also thoroughly researched.

14 thoughts on “ My Aim in Life | an Essay for 2nd Year Students ”

Thank U mam for everything AP hme English ki hr cheez define kerti h or urdu me translate kr k smjhati h jis leye hme bohat achi smaj Ati h and isi leye ap meri favourite teachers me se 1 ho❤

Brilliant lines…

Thanx student.More content is in the pipeline.you will be benefited with that.

Superb so interesting

Thank U mam apne essay bohat acha write kiya h or define to is se b acha kiya h or jo aim apne us me write kiya h wo actually hi mera aim h ke me professor bnana chahti hun pr ye mere father ka dream h ke me English ki professor bnoo😊and this essay is according to my aim and mind

That's very nice.every person should have aim and work to fulfil that aim

thanx student,wait for the more data

Mam ap nei jo qutations hmein dei thn un se kafi help mili the. Mam ap nei selfwriting skills hum studnts mn promote kein. JzakAllah

Good morning mam assalam o Alaikum and jumma MUBARAK🥰

Weldone anila keep it up.your's is very helpful for the student

Good morning Mam g

You have to choose carefully. DigitalEssay.net offers a professional writing service. I highly recommend them. The papers are delivered on time and customers are their first priority. This is their website: DigitalEssay.net

Technical Research Report | Significance and Sample

Business Meetings and Group Meetings with Effective Strategies

Strategies for Successful Interpersonal Communication

2nd Year English Important Essays 2024 for 12th Class

It’s a fact; that English is a tough subject for students in the 12th class and all candidates who are going to appear finding 2nd Year English Important Essays 2024. Further, an essay is one of the difficult questions of this subject that contains 15 marks. Because; its syllabus has not limited to a fixed number of topics. A papermaker has all rights to choose any topic for an essay in the final paper. That’s why it’s not easy for a student to choose a topic and score good marks. So, for students of the 12th class, here we list down 2nd Year English Important Essays 2024. This list covers Tech, Current affairs, Pakistan affairs, History, and other types of topics that were picked for more than one time for an English paper. Hopefully, one or two of them will pick for the final exam paper.

All important essay that comes in 2nd Year is given as well before appearing in the final term exam must prepare all these essays that are written below.

Undoubtedly, English is not a difficult subject, if one has a strong grip on grammar and vocabulary. But it’s unfortunate, that students in this class lack in both of these portions. A probably weak basis is the major reason behind this problem. Otherwise, a self writing of in between 350 to 400 words on any topic is not a big task for students of this level.

Note: It’s necessary to keep a few things in mind. A single spelling mistake causes the detection of marks, that’s why don’t try to become over-efficient. Just use simple wording. Secondly, cutting has also reduced your marks. So avoid it.

All the above essay list is very important from the annual examination point of view of the 2nd Year 2024 12th Class. So all students get ready to prepare all these topics because the maximum chance is to come any topic which that list we mentioned above regarding 2nd Year English important essays 2024. So tries your best to prepare it perfectly to score maximum.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Dream World Karachi Ticket Price 2024 per Person, Membership for…
Suzuki Alto New Model 2024 Price in Pakistan 660CC 800CC…
Kashees Salon Price List 2024
Samzu Water Park Karachi Ticket Price 2024
Fiat Tractor Price in Pakistan 2024 640 480
Best Bank for Foreign Currency Current Account in Pakistan
List of Phones Compatible with AT&T Medianet Internet Plan
UET Peshawar 1st Final Open Merit List 2024 Electrical, Mechanical…
Initial Problems of Pakistan after Independence in Urdu
Golden Pearl Beauty Cream Review Price Ingredients Side Effects Benefits…
Latest Clutches Trends 2024 For Girls
Motifz Winter Collection 2015 With Prices
Telenor Djuice SMS Packages 2018
UOS MA English Part 2 Result 2016-17 University of Sargodha
Top Fish Recipe In Winter

Study Abroad Guide
Study Abroad Visa
Study in Australia
Study in Canada
Study In china
Study In Ireland
Study in UK
Study in USA
Sample Papers
Universities
Accountancy
Introduction
Courses After 10th
courses after 12th
Engineering
Mass Communication
O/A Level Courses
Research Thesis
Short Courses
Spoken English
Islamic banks In Pakistan
Educational Institutes
Research Institutes in Pakistan
Admission Fee
Training & workshops
Merit Lists
Roll No Slip
Technology News
English Tests
Amazing Tips
Girls Fashion
Latest technology Blog
Student experience's
Student jokes
Ramzan ul Mubarak Special
Career in Pakistan
CV & RESUME
Jobs in Karachi
jobs in Lahore
Sample Interview Questions
Learning articles
Learning English
Pakistan Information
Pakistan Issues
B.A/BSC Past Papers
Balochistan and AJK Board
CSS Past Papers
Punjab Board
Sindh Board
Great Personalities
Inter Model Papers
Matric Model Papers
Scholarships
Uncategorized
Book Reviews
Foreign Universities
Pakistan Universities
student stories
Top Universities
University Reviews

2nd Year Important English Essay Topics For 12th, 11th Class

Table of Contents

Now, 2nd Year Important English Essay Topics For 12th, 11th Class are also here so that students who are in these classes may not have to face any problem when they are preparing for the final examination as these are the most common topic that comes in the annual examination of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education. Well, Intermediate (11th, 12th Class) is a very important class in the life of students so that is the reason that almost every student just focuses on their studies during these classes they want to get as good marks as they are capable of. During the preparation, one of the biggest problems that students face while preparing for English Courses is the Essay Topics as it is not known so everyone has to prepare according to their own preferences or the most important topics that they got from teachers, Academies, Past papers, guess Papers or from any senior. But as these are the most common topics just prepare these topics and then go for your final examination. While writing any of the 2nd Year English Essay Topics keep some little things in your mind first of all the first line of the essay is considered to be focused so do not go for any illogical arguments. Secondly, try to give logical facts through statements that include points. Third, the essay should not contain any grammar, spelling, or punctuation mistakes. So scroll down regarding 2nd Year Important English Essay Topics For 12th, 11th Class.

2nd Year English Essay Topics for 12th Class

Every student who is getting an education now they are worried about the 2nd Year English Essay Topics for the 12th Class are mentioned below and students easily guidance from this page.

Science in the service of mankind
Over-population
The importance of the English language
My ambition in life.
Advantages of Sports.
Responsibilities of Youth
Muslim World
A visit to a historical place
How to make Pakistan strong
Technical Education
Unemployment.
Women’s place in our society
Women’s place in Islam.
Female education in Peshawar
Our Education System
Our Examination System
Knowledge is power
The problem of electricity in Pakistan
Student’s role in the creation of an environment
computer’s
Internet- advantages, and disadvantages
The pleasures of reading
The Recent Flood in Pakistan
Our political system
The evils of corruption.
Generation Gap
Importance of CPEC
Corona Virus

1st Year English Essay Topics for 11th Class

All 1st year English Essay Topics for the 11th Class have been mentioned and students can prepare the essays according to our topics.

Essays Merits and Demerits of Science
Essays Life in a Big City
Essays A Cricket Match
essays Uses and Abuses of Media
Essays The Responsibilities of an Ideal Student
Essays My Aim in Life
The Kashmir Problem
Role of women in society
Memorable Day in My Life
Co-education
College Life
Hostel Life
My favorite personality
My Best Friend
The happiest moment of my life
Cell phone- advantages and disadvantages

Essays are one of the most important things in the subject of English and every student is worried about them but now ilm.com.pk is providing all topics for 2nd Year Important English Essay Topics For 12th, 11th Classes.

Moin akhtar

I am committed to helping Pakistani students craft successful career paths by merging their individual passions with market trends. As a career counselor, we'll explore both well-established fields and modern industries to find the best fit for you. With personalized counseling and strategic planning, we aim to transform your educational journey into a thriving professional future.

Topics on curses of war and importance of Dams in pakistan are also important from my point of view.

Good informative

it website good for all students

god help us

what are the important essays for the 2nd year 2014 plzz tell me

Post Comment Cancel reply

Install Taleem City App From the Play Store

2nd Year English Essays Notes

2nd year english essay with quotations pdf.

We know you are searching for 2nd Year English Essay with Quotations on the internet. We uploaded all Essays with…

2nd Year English Notes (Prose, Heroes, Chips, Essays, Idioms)

We know you are looking for 2nd year English notes in pdf to download. That’s why we have uploaded the…

Adblock Detected

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

We're Hiring!
Help Center

Writing II for 2nd Year EFL Student Teachers

2015, Curriculum & Instruction Dept., Faculty of Education, Assiut University

PREFACE Writing is a very important skill that should be mastered properly by university students, especially pre-service language teachers (e.g. EFL student teachers). In order to present their ideas efficiently in the context of their academic study, they have to be trained well on how to write meaningful pieces (e.g. essays, academic reports, summaries, critical reviews, etc.). Moreover, writing is an important skill that prospective English language teachers need to develop during their pre-service education (training) programmes. Course information based on new regulations (college bylaws, recently modified in 2013): Level: 2nd, year- 1st Semester Course Title: Writing (2) Code: Curr213 Number of Units: -Lecture (Theoretical Study): 1 hour -Workshops (Practical Sessions): 2 hours -Total: 3 hours Major: BA in Arts and Education (English Section) This Writing II course to 2nd-year EFL student teachers complements - and builds on - the Writing I course studied in the previous year by fresh student teachers. It gradually takes student teachers further from the basic mechanical writing skills studied in Writing I at the sentence and paragraph writing levels, into the more advanced essay writing process. Thus, it aims mainly to foster EFL student teachers’ essay writing skills, and help them to identify different ways, strategies and/or techniques used for writing a standard English essay (e.g. a comprehensive five-paragraph essay). In this regard, it provides many examples, samples and illustrations of how to write different types of essays, and how to use various techniques to develop paragraphs, and thus explore, reinforce and develop the main topic. More specifically, by the end of the course, EFL student teachers are expected to be able to: 1. Identify an English essay and its main components; 2. Write an English essay accurately and adequately; 3. Identify a topic paragraph in an essay; 4. Write a topic paragraph (and topic sentences or thesis) in an essay; 5. Identify different genres and types of essays; 6. Write different types of essays (e.g. expository, academic, descriptive, and narrative); 7. Practice essay writing skills (e.g. pre-writing strategies such as brainstorming and free writing; summarizing and skimming skills; developing ideas in paragraphs; providing sufficient/supporting details; drafting/redrafting; reflection and revision; electronic writing skills, etc.); and 8. Identify different genres of essays online (e.g. fiction and literature; factual and realistic pieces; functional products; expository essays; reflective diaries; and academic essays) Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs): 1.1 Knowledge & Understanding: 1.1.9 The student teacher recognizes the difference between the paragraph, the composition and the essay. 1.1.10 The student teacher recognizes the various modes and genres of writing, such as comparing and contrasting, cause and effect, argumentative and expository writing. 1.1.11 The student teacher recognizes how to revise and edit essays and check them for unity, order and coherence. 1.1.15 The student teacher recognizes the difference between translating the text and the context and the various stylistic devices used in social, political, medical and cultural contexts. 1.2 Intellectual Skills: 1.2.6 The student teacher produces various writing genres (explanatory, expository, descriptive and narrative) accurately and fluently. 1.2.7 The student teacher initiates and terminates paragraphs or essays accurately. 1.2.8 The student teacher uses the process and product approach to writing paragraphs and/or essays. 1.2.9 The student teacher achieves unity and coherence in his/her writing through various devices. 1.2.10 The student teacher determines the audience or the purpose of an intended writing piece. 1.2.11 The student teacher prepares writing in a format (e.g. oral presentation, manuscript, and multimedia) appropriate to audience and purpose. 1.2.12 The student teacher revises and/or edits paragraphs and/or essays. 1.3 Professional Skills: 1.3.1 The student teacher enjoys English as an international means of communication. 1.3.2 The student teacher feels that learning English facilitates travelling abroad and communicating with native speakers. 1.3.5 The student teacher thinks that studying English dispels self-consciousness. 1.3.6 The student teacher thinks that English is a worthwhile subject. 1.4 General Skills: 1.4.1 The student teacher responds to specific situations and current conditions when implementing instructions. 1.4.2 The student teacher responds to the ideas and opinions of other speakers thoughtfully before uttering. 1. Lecturing 2. Discussion 3. Collaborative learning 4. Blended learning 5. Online learning 3- Teaching and Learning Methods 1. Online tutorials 2. Private interviews 3. Self-paced learning 4- Teaching and Learning Methods for Low Learners 5- Evaluation: Both forms of evaluation (i.e. formative and summative) are employed with student teachers throughout the whole semester. Writing tasks in workshops; oral/written presentations; formative assessment in workshops; and discussion in lectures a) Tools -Provisional scores are assigned for each student teacher every week in each workshop based on certain tasks. -A final total score is assigned for each one by the end of the semester based on total performance in both lectures and workshops. -Some time is devoted to online interactions with tutors and among student teachers themselves outside the frame of the formal schedule (e.g. a Facebook group or an online Blog). b) Time Schedule • Semester work + Oral production: 20 marks • Final semester exam: 80 marks • Total: 100 marks c) Grading System

Related Papers

Curriculum & Instruction Dept., Faculty of Education, Assiut University

Dr Mahmoud M S Abdallah

PREFACE Writing is a very important skill that should be mastered properly by university students, especially pre-service language teachers (e.g. EFL student teachers). In order to present their ideas efficiently in the context of their academic study, they have to be trained well on how to write meaningful pieces (e.g. essays, academic reports, summaries, critical reviews, etc.). In addition, junior EFL student teachers need to delve deeper into more advanced forms of writing such as multi-genre writing. Also, they need to recognise the wide range of writing areas, forms, possibilities and chances enabled online by the web technologies. Moreover, writing is an important skill that prospective English language teachers need to develop during their pre-service education (training) programmes. They need to write accurately and coherently to present their ideas in a clear and acceptable academic format. They badly need this while doing their assignments, submitting their study reports and answering essay questions in literature, civilisation and language history courses, for example. Course information based on new regulations (college bylaws, recently modified in 2013): Level: 3rd Year- 2nd Semester Course Title: Writing (3) Code: Curr327 Number of Units: -Lecture (Theoretical Study): 1 hour -Workshops (Practical Sessions): 2 hours -Total: 3 hours Major: BA in Arts and Education (English Section) This Writing III course to junior EFL student teachers complements - and builds on - the Writing II course studied in the previous year by 2nd-year EFL student teachers. It gradually takes student teachers further into more advanced essay writing genres, types and processes. Like the Writing II course, it also aims mainly to foster EFL student teachers’ essay writing skills by helping them to identify different ways, strategies and/or techniques used for writing a standard English essay (e.g. a comprehensive five-paragraph essay). In this regard, it provides many examples, samples and illustrations of how to write different types of essays, and how to use various online techniques and strategies to develop paragraphs, and thus explore, reinforce and develop the main topic. More specifically, by the end of the course, junior EFL student teachers are expected to be able to: 1. Identify an English essay and its main components; 2. Write an English essay accurately and adequately; 3. Identify a topic paragraph in an essay; 4. Write a topic paragraph (and topic sentences or thesis) in an essay; 5. Identify and use multi-genre writing for different purposes; 6. Identify the common errors that people sometimes make while writing; 7. Continue writing and practicing different types of essays (e.g. expository, academic, descriptive, and narrative essays); 8. Practice some online writing skills (e.g. using new technologies - such as social networks - to fulfill some real literacy needs; sharing ideas online; write reflectively online; and give appropriate feedback to others online); 9. Identify different forms/types of online writing facilitated by some web technologies (e.g. reflective writing, collaborative writing and connective writing); 10. Write accurately based on some writing standards and/or guidelines; and 11. Write pragmatically and functionally based on some real needs and common goals. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs): 1.1 Knowledge & Understanding: 1.1.9 The student teacher recognizes the difference between the paragraph, the composition and the essay. 1.1.10 The student teacher recognizes the various modes and genres of writing, such as comparing and contrasting, cause and effect, argumentative and expository writing. 1.1.11 The student teacher recognizes how to revise and edit essays and check them for unity, order and coherence. 1.1.15 The student teacher recognizes the difference between translating the text and the context and the various stylistic devices used in social, political, medical and cultural contexts. 1.2 Intellectual Skills: 1.2.6 The student teacher produces various writing genres (explanatory, expository, descriptive and narrative) accurately and fluently. 1.2.7 The student teacher initiates and terminates paragraphs or essays accurately. 1.2.8 The student teacher uses the process and product approach to writing paragraphs and/or essays. 1.2.9 The student teacher achieves unity and coherence in his/her writing through various devices. 1.2.10 The student teacher determines the audience or the purpose of an intended writing piece. 1.2.11 The student teacher prepares writing in a format (e.g. oral presentation, manuscript, and multimedia) appropriate to audience and purpose. 1.2.12 The student teacher revises and/or edits paragraphs and/or essays. 1.3 Professional Skills: 1.3.1 The student teacher enjoys English as an international means of communication. 1.3.2 The student teacher feels that learning English facilitates travelling abroad and communicating with native speakers. 1.3.5 The student teacher thinks that studying English dispels self-consciousness. 1.3.6 The student teacher thinks that English is a worthwhile subject. 1.4 General Skills: 1.4.1 The student teacher responds to specific situations and current conditions when implementing instructions. 1.4.2 The student teacher responds to the ideas and opinions of other speakers thoughtfully before uttering. 1. Lecturing 2. Discussion 3. Collaborative learning 4. Blended learning 5. Online learning 3- Teaching and Learning Methods 1. Online tutorials 2. Private interviews 3. Self-paced learning 4- Teaching and Learning Methods for Low Learners 5- Evaluation: Both forms of evaluation (i.e. formative and summative) are employed with student teachers throughout the whole semester. Writing tasks in workshops; oral/written presentations; formative assessment in workshops; and discussion in lectures a) Tools -Provisional scores are assigned for each student teacher every week in each workshop based on certain tasks. -A final total score is assigned for each one by the end of the semester based on total performance in both lectures and workshops. -Some time is devoted to online interactions with tutors and among student teachers themselves outside the frame of the formal schedule (e.g. a Facebook group or an online Blog). b) Time Schedule • Semester work + Oral production: 20 marks • Final semester exam: 80 marks • Total: 100 marks c) Grading System Course Instructor: Dr Mahmoud M. S. Abdallah Associate Professor of Curriculum & Instruction of English Language Learning Assiut University College of Education

Curriculum & Instruction Dept., Faculty of Education, Assiut University, Egypt

Table of Contents 1 CHAPTER ONE 3 EXPOSITORY WRITING 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Main Characteristics and Features of Expository Writing 5 1.3 Why to Teach Expository Writing? 6 1.4 Guidelines for Writing Expository Essays 7 definition| example| compare and contrast| cause and effect | classification | process analysis 12 1.5 Examples of Expository Writing 14 1.6 Real Samples 19 Mosharafa 29 1.7 Reflections and Ideas for Workshops 36 CHAPTER TWO 38 ACADEMIC WRITING 38 2.1 Introduction 38 2.2 Academic Document Types 39 2.3 Features of Academic Writing 40 2.4 The Process of Academic Writing: Writing an Academic Essay 48 2.5 Real Samples 54 2.6 Reflections and Ideas for Workshops 66 CHAPTER THREE: FUNCTIONAL-PRAGMATIC WRITING 68 3.1 Introduction 68 3.2 Why and How Do We Write Functionally and Pragmatically? 69 3.3 Types of Functional-Pragmatic Writing Products 72 3.4 What Are the Key Requirements of Functional Writing? 73 CHAPTER FOUR 76 FUNCTIONAL-WRITING PRODUCTS 76 4.1 Introduction 76 4.2 Letters/E-mails (Formal and Informal) 77 4.3 Reports 84 4.4 Diary Entries 87 4.5 Memorandum (memo) 92 4.6 Note Taking 96 4.7 Curriculum Vitae (CV) 100 4.8 Written Explanations 102

Shaimaa Alkhuly

Monograph Thesis

Tomás Mateus

The present study is an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of explicit instruction of discourse connectors upon learners‘ written production or writing proficiency. A vast majority of 2nd year students at ISPH (Instituto Superior Politécnico da Huíla), more often than not, tend to underuse, overuse, and misuse discourse connectors in their pieces of writing. As a consequence, there tend to have no cohesion or coherence in their pieces of writing. To this end, 30 Information Technology and Computer Science Engineering EFL students with the age range above 15 up to 30 were selected at ISPH. Strictly speaking, 26 of them were males and 3 were females. Then two writing tests (a pre-test and a post-test) were employed in the present study: A pre-test to assess their prior knowledge and use of discourse connectors, and a post-test to measure students‘ writing proficiency after the explicit instruction of discourse connectors. Thus, these tests entailed two groups (the control and experiential groups): the control group received no explicit instruction on discourse connectors, whereas students in the experimental group received an explicit treatment on discourse connectors. Thus, results indicated that the students in the control group encountered several difficulties in using them. In contrast, the students in the experimental group (who received explicit instruction on discourse connectors) proved that they had a quite good command of them in their writing. Thus, the study concluded that explicit instruction of discourse connectors should be encouraged as a condition or means to develop students‘ writing proficiency and to avoid lack of cohesion or coherence in their pieces of writing.

hurrium sabah

International Education Studies

Akiko Nagao

This study examined the progress of English as a foreign language (EFL) writers using the instructional framework of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and the communities of practice (CoPs) model. The study participants comprised 11 first-year undergraduate students in Japan with intermediate-level English proficiency who were exposed to SFL in a single EFL classroom (CoP). The participants’ genre understanding and meaning-making decisions when writing discussion essays were studied over two semester-long courses. To do so, their developmental changes were analyzed using pre- and post-instructional writing tasks. In particular, their ability to convey interpersonal meaning, such as through the use of modal verbs, was examined and compared between the pre- and post-tasks. To triangulate the findings, participants’ genre awareness in relation to discussion essays was also examined using in-depth qualitative analysis of their self-reflective texts and peer assessments, based on a grounded theory approach. In the pre-writing task, it was apparent that the learners lacked understanding of the components of discussion essay writing. However, analysis of their post-instructional tasks revealed that most had begun to apply the language components required to convey interpersonal meaning in their discussion genre texts. These results suggest that the changes in learner’s genre awareness and knowledge affected the lexicogrammatical features they used when writing discussion essays. Thus, this study concludes that applying the SFL framework to writing instruction enhanced EFL learners’ awareness of textual meaning and their understanding of the function of discussion essay texts.

Preface TEFL/TESOL Methodology 2 for Senior EFL Student Teachers is a teaching guide that is intended to complement (and build on) the previous TEFL/TESOL Methodology 1 course. In particular, it aims at acquainting senior (4th-year) EFL student teachers with the knowledge and skills required for teaching English as a foreign language at Egyptian schools, with specific reference to secondary schools. It explores important issues and emergent language-learning problems, such as: ‘how to deal with secondary-stage students, and help them to learn language effectively’; ‘how to manage the classroom’; ‘how to use and employ situated language learning scenarios/tasks’; ‘how to employ Facebook and other social media for a variety of language learning/teaching purposes’; 'Assessment & English language testing'; how to develop students' writing skills; and how to use fun in English language teaching. Course Specifications English Language Teaching Methods (2) or "TEFL/TESOL Methodology 2" 1- Course Details: Level: 4th year (1st semester) Course Title: English Language Teaching Methods (2) Code: CURR411 No. of Units: Lecture (2 hours) Practical Sessions/Workshops (1 hour) Major: Bachelor of Arts & Education (English Section) Student teachers are expected to analyze the major theories and principles behind the methods, techniques, and strategies that would help them to teach language skills. 2- Aims: 3-Methods of Instruction • Lecturing • Discussion • Micro-teaching and practical workshops • Online learning Teaching and Learning Methods • Giving them special exercises and written assignment • Discussing their mistakes privately after class • Online learning (for gifted learners) • Reflective learning (for gifted learners) Teaching and Learning Methods for Low & Gifted Learners Evaluation: • Mid-term written test • Final- term written test • Oral presentations • Online reports a) Tools -A lecture every week, with each chapter/topic being covered either in one lecture or in two successive lectures depending on the length of each chapter -The last 2 weeks are allocated for revision - Mid-term exam week 7 -Final exam week 16 b) Time Schedule Semester work=25 Oral=25 Written exam=75 Total=125 c) Grading System List of References: Notes in Methods of TEFL/TESOL a- Course Notes - Abdallah, M. M. S. (2011). Teaching English as a Foreign Language from a New Literacy Perspective: A Guide for Egyptian EFL Student Teachers. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, Saarbrücken, Germany. - Abdallah, M. M. S. (2016). TEFL/TESOL Methodology Two: A Guide for Egyptian Senior EFL Student Teachers. Assiut University College of Education, Egypt. -Shawer, S. (2007). The Complete Step by Step Guide to Test Design, Administration Scoring, Analysis, and Interpretation, Cairo: Dar El-Fekr El-Araby. b- Required Books (Text Books) Spotlight on Primary English Education Resources (SPEER) A Resource Text for Egyptian Primary English Educators, Supervisors and Teachers. Academy for Educational Development. 2002 Arab Republic of Egypt. Ministry of Education c- Reference Books English Teaching Forum; Arab World English Journal (AWEJ); TESOL Quarterly d- Periodicals

Ary Setya Budhi Ningrum

Realizing the importance of seeking the appropriate strategy in teaching and learning writing for the teacher as well as the students of English department, this book is designed. This book is developed in such a way to meet the basic challenges encountered by the teacher and the students of English department. This book was written based on classroom action research (CAR) findings dealing with equipping the teacher as well as the students of English department so as to have writing strategy that can ease and facilitate them to keep up with the course materials.

ABSTRACT: 'Teaching English as a Foreign Language from a New Literacy Perspective' is both a guide to Egyptian EFL student teachers, and a resource book for all EFL teacher educators teaching TESOL/TEFL Methodology. Along with the basic knowledge that EFL student teachers need, the book conveys my understanding of how TESOL/TEFL should be tackled within the Egyptian context in the light of the new literacy challenges imposed by the 21st century, and the subsequent new language learning and literacy theories. In addition, it tackles the main language azpects /skills from a new literacy perspective that recognises the important role of many Web-based facilities as online spaces for English learning and practice. The book can be an updated resource in the TESOL field that considers the new reality of English language learning that has been considerably shaped by the technological innovations and the subsequent new literacy practices that have recently come to the fore with the unprecedented influence of the Web in our life. Moreover, the book is the culmination of my theoretical and practical experience as a research er and teaching assistant in the field.

What I’ve Learned From My Students’ College Essays

The genre is often maligned for being formulaic and melodramatic, but it’s more important than you think.

An illustration of a high school student with blue hair, dreaming of what to write in their college essay.

By Nell Freudenberger

Most high school seniors approach the college essay with dread. Either their upbringing hasn’t supplied them with several hundred words of adversity, or worse, they’re afraid that packaging the genuine trauma they’ve experienced is the only way to secure their future. The college counselor at the Brooklyn high school where I’m a writing tutor advises against trauma porn. “Keep it brief , ” she says, “and show how you rose above it.”

I started volunteering in New York City schools in my 20s, before I had kids of my own. At the time, I liked hanging out with teenagers, whom I sometimes had more interesting conversations with than I did my peers. Often I worked with students who spoke English as a second language or who used slang in their writing, and at first I was hung up on grammar. Should I correct any deviation from “standard English” to appeal to some Wizard of Oz behind the curtains of a college admissions office? Or should I encourage students to write the way they speak, in pursuit of an authentic voice, that most elusive of literary qualities?

In fact, I was missing the point. One of many lessons the students have taught me is to let the story dictate the voice of the essay. A few years ago, I worked with a boy who claimed to have nothing to write about. His life had been ordinary, he said; nothing had happened to him. I asked if he wanted to try writing about a family member, his favorite school subject, a summer job? He glanced at his phone, his posture and expression suggesting that he’d rather be anywhere but in front of a computer with me. “Hobbies?” I suggested, without much hope. He gave me a shy glance. “I like to box,” he said.

I’ve had this experience with reluctant writers again and again — when a topic clicks with a student, an essay can unfurl spontaneously. Of course the primary goal of a college essay is to help its author get an education that leads to a career. Changes in testing policies and financial aid have made applying to college more confusing than ever, but essays have remained basically the same. I would argue that they’re much more than an onerous task or rote exercise, and that unlike standardized tests they are infinitely variable and sometimes beautiful. College essays also provide an opportunity to learn precision, clarity and the process of working toward the truth through multiple revisions.

When a topic clicks with a student, an essay can unfurl spontaneously.

Even if writing doesn’t end up being fundamental to their future professions, students learn to choose language carefully and to be suspicious of the first words that come to mind. Especially now, as college students shoulder so much of the country’s ethical responsibility for war with their protest movement, essay writing teaches prospective students an increasingly urgent lesson: that choosing their own words over ready-made phrases is the only reliable way to ensure they’re thinking for themselves.

Teenagers are ideal writers for several reasons. They’re usually free of preconceptions about writing, and they tend not to use self-consciously ‘‘literary’’ language. They’re allergic to hypocrisy and are generally unfiltered: They overshare, ask personal questions and call you out for microaggressions as well as less egregious (but still mortifying) verbal errors, such as referring to weed as ‘‘pot.’’ Most important, they have yet to put down their best stories in a finished form.

I can imagine an essay taking a risk and distinguishing itself formally — a poem or a one-act play — but most kids use a more straightforward model: a hook followed by a narrative built around “small moments” that lead to a concluding lesson or aspiration for the future. I never get tired of working with students on these essays because each one is different, and the short, rigid form sometimes makes an emotional story even more powerful. Before I read Javier Zamora’s wrenching “Solito,” I worked with a student who had been transported by a coyote into the U.S. and was reunited with his mother in the parking lot of a big-box store. I don’t remember whether this essay focused on specific skills or coping mechanisms that he gained from his ordeal. I remember only the bliss of the parent-and-child reunion in that uninspiring setting. If I were making a case to an admissions officer, I would suggest that simply being able to convey that experience demonstrates the kind of resilience that any college should admire.

The essays that have stayed with me over the years don’t follow a pattern. There are some narratives on very predictable topics — living up to the expectations of immigrant parents, or suffering from depression in 2020 — that are moving because of the attention with which the student describes the experience. One girl determined to become an engineer while watching her father build furniture from scraps after work; a boy, grieving for his mother during lockdown, began taking pictures of the sky.

If, as Lorrie Moore said, “a short story is a love affair; a novel is a marriage,” what is a college essay? Every once in a while I sit down next to a student and start reading, and I have to suppress my excitement, because there on the Google Doc in front of me is a real writer’s voice. One of the first students I ever worked with wrote about falling in love with another girl in dance class, the absolute magic of watching her move and the terror in the conflict between her feelings and the instruction of her religious middle school. She made me think that college essays are less like love than limerence: one-sided, obsessive, idiosyncratic but profound, the first draft of the most personal story their writers will ever tell.

Nell Freudenberger’s novel “The Limits” was published by Knopf last month. She volunteers through the PEN America Writers in the Schools program.

The National Archives Museum depicts our astounding national mosaic and tells the stories of the American journey.

Featured document display: memorial day: honoring the fallen.

Photograph of Air Force service members carrying flag-draped coffin

Memorial Day recognizes and honors the U.S. military personnel who died while serving in the Armed Forces. The first national observance of Memorial Day occurred on May 30, 1868, at Arlington National Cemetery. General John A. Logan, Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic, proclaimed: “The 30th of May, 1868, is designated for the purpose of strewing with flowers, or otherwise decorating the graves of comrades who died in defense of their country during the late rebellion, and whose bodies now lie in almost every city, village and hamlet churchyard in the land.” More than 5,000 people attended the tribute in Washington, DC, decorating the graves of both Union and Confederate soldiers.

Originally known as Decoration Day, New York was the first state to officially recognize the holiday to honor fallen soldiers and sailors. By the 1890s, most states had adopted May 30 as a Decoration Day holiday. Following World War I, the practice of Memorial Day became much more widespread as an occasion to honor fallen service members from all of America’s wars.

Memorial Day continued to be observed on May 30 until Congress passed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, designating it a national holiday on the last Monday in May 1971. Congress once again took up the cause of honoring fallen service members in 2000, passing the National Moment of Remembrance Act. At 3 p.m. on Memorial Day, all Americans are encouraged to pause for a minute of silence to remember and honor those who have died in service to our nation.

Cream document with black text, red lines, and ink signatures.

Additional resources for more information:

National Archives News : Memorial Day: A Commemoration
Prologue Blog : The Nation's Sacrifice: The Origins and Evolution of Memorial Day
Prologue Magazine : Honoring Our War Dead: The Evolution of the Government Policy on Headstones for Fallen Soldiers and Sailors

Featured Image: U.S. Air Force members hold a flag-draped coffin during a full-honor funeral for U.S. Air Force Second Lieutenant Richard Vandegeer at Arlington National Cemetery, October 27, 2000. National Archives, Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense View in National Archives Catalog

an image, when javascript is unavailable

site categories

‘la casa de los famosos’ 2024 finale: season 4 winner crowned on telemundo, ‘general hospital’ shakes up writers room; patrick mulcahey is out as co-head.

By Lynette Rice

Lynette Rice

Senior TV Writer

‘General Hospital’ Replaces Head Writers With Vets Patrick Mulcahey, Elizabeth Korte

Cbs sets airdate for 51st annual daytime emmys.

Episodes that he crafted with Korte will air through mid-summer. A spokeswoman for the show declined comment.

In December, GH took the prize for Outstanding Daytime Drama Series. It also racked up four Emmys in the acting categories (the late Sonya Eddy, Robert Gossett, Eden McCoy and Alley Mills) and another in the Outstanding Directing Team category.

The Buzz first reported the news.

Must Read Stories

Trump origin pic ‘apprentice’ with stan, strong & bakalova: review + red carpet.

Will Smith’s ‘Sugar Bandits’ Seals Deals; A24 Landing Östlund Pic

Lawsuit threat over ‘apprentice’ scene; chaos at hush-money trial, jessica gunning on real-life martha, who fires fresh shots at netflix.

Subscribe to Deadline Breaking News Alerts and keep your inbox happy.

Two Santa Cruz students uncover security bug that could let millions do their laundry for free

Csc serviceworks provides laundry machines to thousands of residential homes and universities, but the company ignored requests to fix a security bug..

a person's hand closing the door of an industrial washing machine.

A pair of university students say they found and reported earlier this year a security flaw allowing anyone to avoid paying for laundry provided by over a million internet-connected laundry machines in residences and college campuses around the world.

Months later, the vulnerability remains open after CSC ServiceWorks repeatedly ignored requests to fix the flaw.

UC Santa Cruz students Alexander Sherbrooke and Iakov Taranenko told TechCrunch that the vulnerability they discovered allows anyone to remotely send commands to laundry machines run by CSC and operate laundry cycles for free.

Sherbrooke said he was sitting on the floor of his basement laundry room in the early hours one January morning with his laptop in hand and “suddenly having an ‘oh s—’ moment.” From his laptop, Sherbrooke ran a script of code with instructions telling the machine in front of him to start a cycle despite having $0 in his laundry account. The machine immediately woke up with a loud beep and flashed “PUSH START” on its display, indicating the machine was ready to wash a free load of laundry.

In another case, the students added an ostensible balance of several million dollars into one of their laundry accounts, which reflected in their CSC Go mobile app as though it were an entirely normal amount of money for a student to spend on laundry.

CSC ServiceWorks is a large laundry service company, touting a network of over a million laundry machines installed in hotels, university campuses, and residences across the United States, Canada and Europe.

Since CSC ServiceWorks does not have a dedicated security page for reporting security vulnerabilities, Sherbrooke and Taranenko sent the company several messages through its online contact form in January but heard nothing back from the company. A phone call to the company landed them nowhere either, they said.

The students also sent their findings to the CERT Coordination Center at Carnegie Mellon University, which helps security researchers disclose flaws to affected vendors and provide fixes and guidance to the public.

The students are now revealing more about their findings after waiting longer than the customary three months that security researchers typically grant vendors to fix flaws before going public. The pair first disclosed their research in a presentation at their university cybersecurity club earlier in May.

It’s unclear who, if anyone, is responsible for cybersecurity at CSC, and representatives for CSC did not respond to TechCrunch’s requests for comment.

The student researchers said the vulnerability is in the API used by CSC’s mobile app, CSC Go . An API allows apps and devices to communicate with each other over the internet. In this case, the customer opens the CSC Go app to top up their account with funds, pay, and begin a laundry load on a nearby machine.

Sherbrooke and Taranenko discovered that CSC’s servers can be tricked into accepting commands that modify their account balances because any security checks are done by the app on the user’s device and are automatically trusted by CSC’s servers. This allows them to pay for laundry without actually putting real funds in their accounts.

By analyzing the network traffic while logged in and using the CSC Go app, Sherbrooke and Taranenko found they could circumvent the app’s security checks and send commands directly to CSC’s servers, which are not available through the app itself.

Technology vendors like CSC are ultimately responsible for making sure their servers are performing the proper security checks; otherwise it’s akin to having a bank vault protected by a guard who doesn’t bother to check who is allowed in.

The researchers said potentially anyone can create a CSC Go user account and send commands using the API because the servers are also not checking if new users owned their email addresses. The researchers tested this by creating a new CSC account with a made-up email address.

With direct access to the API and referencing CSC’s own published list of commands for communicating with its servers , the researchers said it is possible to remotely locate and interact with “every laundry machine on the CSC ServiceWorks connected network.”

Practically speaking, free laundry has an obvious upside. But the researchers stressed the potential dangers of having heavy-duty appliances connected to the internet and vulnerable to attacks. Sherbrooke and Taranenko said they were unaware if sending commands through the API can bypass the safety restrictions that modern laundry machines come with to prevent overheating and fires. The researchers said someone would have to physically push the laundry machine’s start button to begin a cycle; until then, the settings on the front of the laundry machine cannot be changed unless someone resets the machine.

CSC quietly wiped out the researchers’ account balance of several million dollars after they reported their findings, but the researchers said the bug remains unfixed and it’s still possible for users to “freely” give themselves any amount of money.

Taranenko said he was disappointed that CSC did not acknowledge their vulnerability.

“I just don’t get how a company that large makes those types of mistakes, then has no way of contacting them,” he said. “Worst-case scenario, people can easily load up their wallets and the company loses a ton of money. Why not spend a bare minimum of having a single monitored security email inbox for this type of situation?”

But the researchers are undeterred by the lack of response from CSC.

“Since we’re doing this in good faith, I don’t mind spending a few hours waiting on hold to call their help desk if it would help a company with its security issues,” said Taranenko, adding that it was “fun to get to do this type of security research in the real world and not just in simulated competitions.”

How a simple security bug became a university campus ‘master key’

More TechCrunch

Get the industry’s biggest tech news, techcrunch daily news.

Every weekday and Sunday, you can get the best of TechCrunch’s coverage.

Startups Weekly

Startups are the core of TechCrunch, so get our best coverage delivered weekly.

TechCrunch Fintech

The latest Fintech news and analysis, delivered every Sunday.

TechCrunch Mobility

TechCrunch Mobility is your destination for transportation news and insight.

Zen Educate raises $37M and acquires Aquinas Education as it tries to address the teacher shortage

Zen Educate, an online marketplace that connects schools with teachers, has raised $37 million in a Series B round of funding. The raise comes amid a growing teacher shortage crisis…

Scarlett Johansson says that OpenAI approached her to use her voice

“When I heard the released demo, I was shocked, angered and in disbelief that Mr. Altman would pursue a voice that sounded so eerily similar to mine.”

Aurora and Volvo unveil self-driving truck designed for a driverless future

A new self-driving truck — manufactured by Volvo and loaded with autonomous vehicle tech developed by Aurora Innovation — could be on public highways as early as this summer. The…

ETF Partners raises €284M for climate startups that will be effective quickly — not 20 years down the road

The European venture capital firm raised its fourth fund as fund as climate tech “comes of age.”

Microsoft wants to make Windows an AI operating system, launches Copilot+ PCs

Copilot, Microsoft’s brand of generative AI, will soon be far more deeply integrated into the Windows 11 experience.

TechCrunch Space: Star(side)liner

Hello and welcome back to TechCrunch Space. For those who haven’t heard, the first crewed launch of Boeing’s Starliner capsule has been pushed back yet again to no earlier than…

These 81 robotics companies are hiring

When I attended Automate in Chicago a few weeks back, multiple people thanked me for TechCrunch’s semi-regular robotics job report. It’s always edifying to get that feedback in person. While…

VinFast crash that killed family of four now under federal investigation

The top vehicle safety regulator in the U.S. has launched a formal probe into an April crash involving the all-electric VinFast VF8 SUV that claimed the lives of a family…

NYC-Dublin real-time video portal reopens with some fixes to prevent inappropriate behavior

When putting a video portal in a public park in the middle of New York City, some inappropriate behavior will likely occur. The Portal, the vision of Lithuanian artist and…

Contour Venture Partners, an early investor in Datadog and Movable Ink, lowers the target for its fifth fund

Longtime New York-based seed investor, Contour Venture Partners, is making progress on its latest flagship fund after lowering its target. The firm closed on $42 million, raised from 64 backers,…

Meta’s Oversight Board takes its first Threads case

Meta’s Oversight Board has now extended its scope to include the company’s newest platform, Instagram Threads, and has begun hearing cases from Threads.

SeekOut, a recruiting startup last valued at $1.2 billion, lays off 30% of its workforce

The company says it’s refocusing and prioritizing fewer initiatives that will have the biggest impact on customers and add value to the business.

UK’s autonomous vehicle legislation becomes law, paving the way for first driverless cars by 2026

The U.K.’s self-proclaimed “world-leading” regulations for self-driving cars are now official, after the Automated Vehicles (AV) Act received royal assent — the final rubber stamp any legislation must go through…

ChatGPT: Everything you need to know about the AI-powered chatbot

ChatGPT, OpenAI’s text-generating AI chatbot, has taken the world by storm. What started as a tool to hyper-charge productivity through writing essays and code with short text prompts has evolved…

Fintech lender SoLo Funds is being sued again by the government over its lending practices

SoLo Funds CEO Travis Holoway: “Regulators seem driven by press releases when they should be motivated by true consumer protection and empowering equitable solutions.”

Rollup wants to be the hardware engineer’s workhorse

Hard tech startups generate a lot of buzz, but there’s a growing cohort of companies building digital tools squarely focused on making hard tech development faster, more efficient and —…

Disrupt Audience Choice vote closes Friday

TechCrunch Disrupt 2024 is not just about groundbreaking innovations, insightful panels, and visionary speakers — it’s also about listening to YOU, the audience, and what you feel is top of…

Google is launching a new Android feature to drive users back into their installed apps

Google says the new SDK would help Google expand on its core mission of connecting the right audience to the right content at the right time.

Jolla debuts privacy-focused AI hardware

Jolla has taken the official wraps off the first version of its personal server-based AI assistant in the making. The reborn startup is building a privacy-focused AI device — aka…

ChatGPT’s mobile app revenue saw its biggest spike yet following GPT-4o launch

The ChatGPT mobile app’s net revenue first jumped 22% on the day of the GPT-4o launch and continued to grow in the following days.

Bumble buys community building app Geneva to expand further into friendships

Dating app maker Bumble has acquired Geneva, an online platform built around forming real-world groups and clubs. The company said that the deal is designed to help it expand its…

CyberArk snaps up Venafi for $1.54B to ramp up in machine-to-machine security

CyberArk — one of the army of larger security companies founded out of Israel — is acquiring Venafi, a specialist in machine identity, for $1.54 billion.

OpenseedVC, which backs operators in Africa and Europe starting their companies, reaches first close of $10M fund

Founder-market fit is one of the most crucial factors in a startup’s success, and operators (someone involved in the day-to-day operations of a startup) turned founders have an almost unfair advantage…

Pine Labs gets Singapore court approval to shift base to India

A Singapore High Court has effectively approved Pine Labs’ request to shift its operations to India.

UK opens office in San Francisco to tackle AI risk

The AI Safety Institute, a U.K. body that aims to assess and address risks in AI platforms, has said it will open a second location in San Francisco.

Why companies are turning to internal hackathons

Companies are always looking for an edge, and searching for ways to encourage their employees to innovate. One way to do that is by running an internal hackathon around a…

I’m rooting for Melinda French Gates to fix tech’s broken ‘brilliant jerk’ culture

Women in tech still face a shocking level of mistreatment at work. Melinda French Gates is one of the few working to change that.

Blue Origin successfully launches its first crewed mission since 2022

Blue Origin has successfully completed its NS-25 mission, resuming crewed flights for the first time in nearly two years. The mission brought six tourist crew members to the edge of…

Hollywood agency CAA aims to help stars manage their own AI likenesses

Creative Artists Agency (CAA), one of the top entertainment and sports talent agencies, is hoping to be at the forefront of AI protection services for celebrities in Hollywood. With many…

Expedia says two execs dismissed after ‘violation of company policy’

Expedia says Rathi Murthy and Sreenivas Rachamadugu, respectively its CTO and senior vice president of core services product & engineering, are no longer employed at the travel booking company. In…