university of liverpool phd in accounting

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Accounting and Finance

Entry requirements.

For full entry requirement details, please see the course page on the University website.

Months of entry

Course content.

Our Accounting and Finance PhD aims to develop world-class researchers, specialised in building theory and producing valuable insight into current issues in accounting and finance.

The University of Liverpool Management School’s (ULMS) Accounting and Finance PhD programme covers a wide range of areas for investigation, with special emphasis on the role accounting and finance play on organisational success, risk management and dealing with uncertainties.

The training offered is tailored, with specific modules aimed at facilitating the development of your individual research project:

• Corporate Finance and Accounting
• Theory Asset Pricing Theory
• Empirical Corporate Finance
• Accounting Empirical Asset Pricing.

To ensure you receive the most relevant support during the thesis development stage, you will work with a primary supervisor, who is a leading expert in their field.

Additionally, you will be supported by a secondary supervisor, who is typically promising early career researcher, specialising in your specific area of study.

Research interests

We welcome research proposals including, but not limited to:

• Asset pricing and investment
• Corporate finance and accounting
• International financial markets and the macroeconomy
• Financial technology (Fintech).

Qualification, course duration and attendance options

• Campus-based learning is available for this qualification

Course contact details

University of Liverpool

Accounting and finance.

Our Accounting and Finance PhD programme aims to develop world-class researchers specialised in the area of finance and accounting.

Description

Requirement.

The University of Liverpool Management School offers you the chance to explore your own ideas through our postgraduate research programmes. We provide a stimulating student experience combined with thought provoking advice from our academic staff and believe that postgraduate students are a vital part of the research environment of the School. Our Accounting and Finance PhD programme aims to develop world-class researchers specialized in the area of finance and accounting.  Specific areas of research supervision where applications are welcomed include the following: Asset Pricing and Investment Research, Financial Economics and Econometrics, Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance, Market-Based Accounting Research, and Auditing.

Research themes

Our academic staff not only publish in leading scholarly journals but also conduct research programmes for companies and governments worldwide. From the distribution of pharmaceuticals in Africa, through the development of micro-enterprise in India, to the regeneration of Merseyside, our research projects address key issues affecting the world. As a postgraduate student, you can be involved. Our research focuses on growing enterprises, growing innovation and growing communities, around the world and most importantly, in our own region.

At your Management School Induction you will be shown the ‘Hot Desk’ working environment, exclusively for use by postgraduate research students.  As you progress through the programme, you will be allocated a space in a shared Postgraduate Student Office within the ULMS Doctoral Suite or Mulberry Court.  ULMS has two dedicated computer suites located on the Ground floor of the building (Management School: Grove): The McKenzie Trading Room offers 40 PCs with Bloomberg access.  Each PC has a dual monitor and a Bloomberg keyboard The Grove Wing Computer Room has 28 PCs running the standard University of Liverpool Network.  DataStream is available on one PC in the PGR Hot Desk Room, and on three PCs within the Grove Wing Computer Room. Local printing/photocopying/scanning facilities.

Research groups

Research centres, research clusters.

Applicants must possess a bachelor's degree with CGPA > 2.50/4.00 OR 3.0-3.5/5.00

A copy of your international Passport Bio-Data Page.

Bachelors Degree Transcript

Bachelors Degree Certificate

Masters Degree Transcript

Masters Degree Certificate

Passport Photograph

English Proficiency:  IELTS (7.0)

TOEFL IBT Minimum 100 overall with L 21 R 21 W 21 S 23

Curriculum Vitae

Two reference letters.

Statement of Purpose in English (A letter that states the Applicant’s Purpose for choosing the Program ).

UK student Full time 2-4 years- £4,596 UK student Part-time 4-6 years- £2,298 International Student Part-time 4-6 years - £10,200 

Addition information.

£20,400 per year

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Study options.

• International

What will I learn?

Our Accounting and Finance PhD aims to develop world-class researchers, specialised in building theory and producing valuable insight into current issues in accounting and finance.

The University of Liverpool Management School’s (ULMS) Accounting and Finance PhD programme covers a wide range of areas for investigation, with special emphasis on the role accounting and finance play on organisational success, risk management and dealing with uncertainties.

The training offered is tailored, with specific modules aimed at facilitating the development of your individual research project:

Corporate Finance and Accounting

Theory Asset Pricing Theory

Empirical Corporate Finance

Accounting Empirical Asset Pricing.

To ensure you receive the most relevant support during the thesis development stage, you will work with a primary supervisor, who is a leading expert in their field.

Additionally, you will be supported by a secondary supervisor, who is typically promising early career researcher, specialising in your specific area of study.

Which department am I in?

Full time (2 years).

Please check with institution

*Price shown is for indicative purposes, please check with institution

Full time: 2-4 years. Applications are open all year round.

The Foundation Building,

765 Brownlow Hill,

L69 7ZX, England

Entry requirements

For international students.

*There may be different IELTS requirements depending on your chosen course.

About University of Liverpool 127 Reviews

The University of Liverpool is the original redbrick university. A world leader with 8,000 international students from over 130 countries.

• Ranked in top 180 universities in world (QS Rankings 2024)
• Achieved Gold in Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) 2023
• Founding member of the prestigious Russell Group
• Located in one of the UK’s most iconic and friendly cities

Accounting and Finance PhD

Want to know what it's like to study this course at uni? We've got all the key info, from entry requirements to the modules on offer. If that all sounds good, why not check out reviews from real students or even book onto an upcoming open days ?

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PhD/DPhil - Doctor of Philosophy

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Full time: 2-4 years. Applications are open all year round.

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Entry requirements, tuition fees, latest reviews.

Our Accounting and Finance PhD aims to develop world-class researchers, specialised in building theory and producing valuable insight into current issues in accounting and finance.

The University of Liverpool Management School’s (ULMS) Accounting and Finance PhD programme covers a wide range of areas for investigation, with special emphasis on the role accounting and finance play on organisational success, risk management and dealing with uncertainties.

The training offered is tailored, with specific modules aimed at facilitating the development of your individual research project:

Corporate Finance and Accounting

Theory Asset Pricing Theory

Empirical Corporate Finance

Accounting Empirical Asset Pricing.

To ensure you receive the most relevant support during the thesis development stage, you will work with a primary supervisor, who is a leading expert in their field.

Additionally, you will be supported by a secondary supervisor, who is typically promising early career researcher, specialising in your specific area of study.

What students say

24h library.. Read more

The city is great and the facilities are well managed.. Read more

Applications are welcomed and will be considered in our highly competitive programme from well qualified graduates who would typically hold a UK first degree or equivalent in the first or 2:1 class, in a relevant subject.

Students living in

£4,712 per year

Students from Domestic

This is the fee you pay if the University is in the same country that you live in (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland)

£21,850 per year

Students from EU

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences £21,850 (Band B). The fee mentioned above is for 2023/2024 entry. There may be a slight increase in 2024/2025 entry.

Students from International

Latest Finance / Accounting (General) reviews

Review breakdown, how all students rated:.

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University of liverpool: accounting and finance.

The University of Liverpool Management School is one of an elite group of institutions worldwide to be AACSB-Accredited. The Management School is offering a number of generous Scholarships and Study Awards for 2019, find out more by visiting the Scholarships webpage. The Accounting and Finance MSc aims to provide students with the knowledge and understanding of current issues in accounting and finance through the application of research led learning and teaching techniques.

Programme Overview The programme structure combines theoretical and conceptual understanding of current issues and links this to practice in the current financial market environment. The programme combines issues in theory, practice and research, and provides opportunities to develop both analytical and technical skills. These skills are sought after by top academic institutions in the PhD programmes and also required by top employers worldwide.

Through this programme, you will be able to: - Think creatively and develop an understanding of risk and uncertainties in organisations

Explore the role of accounting and finance in organisational success

Produce research based reports in contemporary organisations

Develop skills that are sought after by top academic institutions in their PhD programmes as well as employers worldwide.

Master of Science - MSc (PG)

Full-time, 1 years starts sep 2024, full-time, 1 years started sep 2023.

About the University

Founded in 1881 as the original ‘red brick’, the University of Liverpool is one of the UK’s leading research-intensive higher education institutions. Consistently ranked in the top 200 universities worldwide, Liverpool is a founding member of the prestigious Russell Group of the UK’s leading research universities and has a global reach and influence that reflects its academic heritage as one of the country’s largest civic institutions.

The Management School

The University of Liverpool Management School  (ULMS) is one of an elite group of institutions worldwide to hold the gold standard 'triple-crown' accreditation from AACSB , AMBA and …

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PhD Program

Wharton’s Ph.D. program in Accounting trains students to be successful academic researchers. To this end, the program is designed to provide students with opportunities to learn to develop their own research ideas and to learn to implement appropriate research methods. Students learn these skills through rigorous coursework, as well as mentoring relationships and often research projects with faculty members that provide “on-the-job” training. When a student completes the program, he or she will have a dissertation and other publishable research in progress that can credibly communicate to the academic community the student’s skills and potential for future success as a researcher.

For examples of joint work between students and faculty, Click here . For student placements since 1999, Click here .

About the Program Find out more about the Accounting admission requirements.

Course Information View the Accounting course requirements.

Course Schedule View the Accounting course schedules.

Current Students View a list of our current Accounting PhD students.

Sample Plan of Study

PhD Accounting Program Coordinator Luzi Hail Stephen J. Heyman Professor, Professor of Accounting 1319 Steinberg Hall-Dietrich Hall Philadelphia, PA 19104-6365 Phone: (215) 898-8205 E-mail: [email protected]

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Study  ›   Undergraduate courses

Accounting and finance ba (hons).

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Course details

• A level requirements: AAB
• UCAS code: N400
• Study mode: Full-time
• Length: 3 years
• Apply by: 29 January 2025
• International deadline: 30 June 2025
• Starts: 22 September 2025
• Get a prospectus

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Apply for this course.

Ready to apply? You can apply for this course online now using the UCAS website. The deadline for UK students to apply for this course is 29 January 2025 .

The deadline for international students is 30 June 2025 .

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Use these details to apply for this course through UCAS:

• University name: University of Liverpool
• Course: Accounting and Finance N400
• Location: Main site
• Start date: 22 September 2025

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Course overview

You can expect to gain a foundation for deeper study of accounting issues in addition to having an understanding of fundamental accounting and finance concepts and principles by undertaking our Accounting and Finance programme.

Our Accounting and Finance programmes are ranked 1st in the Russell Group (4th in the sector) for student satisfaction (NSS 2022) and 2nd in the Russell Group for teaching quality, with an overall ranking of 14th from 99 providers (Times Good University Guide 2023).

*based on subject area.

Introduction

Taught by professionally qualified accountants who have a range of experience and industry links, you can expect our Accounting and Finance BA programme to provide you with the latest knowledge from those that have applied it in the business world. By selecting this highly accredited course, you will gain an advantage in a range of careers including: accountancy, investment banking, asset management and insurance.

After you’ve covered the core elements of the programme, we give you the flexibility to gain exposure to specialist areas such as auditing, taxation and strategy to a level equivalent to the ICAEW professional stage.

What you'll learn

• Financial accounting
• Economic principles for accounting and finance
• Business law
• Accounting theory and its relevance to accounting practice
• Financial management and reporting
• UK tax compliance
• Corporate reporting and analysis
• Developing and implementing business strategy
• Managing an assurance engagement and audit engagements

Accreditation

The University of Liverpool Management School holds accreditation from AACSB , AMBA and EQUIS . This makes it one of an elite group of institutions worldwide to hold the gold standard triple accreditation.

With close industry links, excellent teaching, and quality content this course is accredited by professional accountancy bodies including the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) , Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) , Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) , Chartered Institute of Public Finance Accountants (CIPFA) , and Institute of Charted Accountants of Scotland (ICAS) .

Accreditations in detail

Teaching Excellence Framework 2023

We’re proud to announce we’ve been awarded a Gold rating for educational excellence.

Accreditations

In aligning our Accounting and Finance programme with the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) , our students are eligible for exemptions from specific ACCA exams up to the Strategic Professional Level papers. This will fast-track their journey to membership once they graduate – so they can start their careers in finance and accountancy more quickly.

This programme is accredited by Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) which will give you further skills and understanding on how businesses operate, are managed, how to create strategies and how people work together.

Our Accounting and Finance BA programme has exemptions from up to twelve papers from CIMA examinations.

Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accounting (CIPFA) exemptions are available for our Accounting and Finance graduates.

The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) works with the University of Liverpool to grant credit for prior learning (also known as exemptions) for relevant content covered in undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.

Once you have finished your degree you will only have to complete any outstanding  modules , the  compulsory practical work experience element of the ACA and demonstrate your ethical and professional development, to qualify as an ICAEW Chartered Accountant.

ICAS is a global professional body for Chartered Accountants, also known as the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. Our 23,000 Members and 3,700 Chartered accounting students form a leading business community that spans industries and time zones and is packed with local heroes and corporate leaders.

Course content

Discover what you'll learn, what you'll study, and how you'll be taught and assessed.

Your first year of study will provide you with a foundation for deeper study of accounting issues in the following stages of the programme in addition to being able to demonstrate an understanding of fundamental accounting and finance concepts and principles whilst being able to analyse introductory quantitative and qualitative techniques. You will also begin to develop key employability skills required for roles where personal responsibility is necessary.

This programme has been designed to ensure that our graduates can apply for the maximum number of exemptions from professional accounting qualifications upon completing their degree studies. This means that many of our modules, including all those that you take in year one, are compulsory.

Compulsory modules

Credits: 15 / semester: semester 2.

The analysis of data is a fundamental activity in all aspects of accountancy. The modern data driven world has seen the importance of data in organisations increase exponentially. It is therefore essential for accountants to understand both the key concepts behind the origin and use of data as well as be able to practically analyse data to produce meaningful and value adding information.

This module will introduce and demonstrate the importance of data in modern businesses, discussing the key role accountants play in both the analysis of data and the dissemination of information across an organisation.

The types and use of data will be linked back to other fundamental modules on this course to both demonstrate and develop your skills in some of the core practical uses of data in both financial accounting and management accounting.

Credits: 15 / Semester: semester 1

The aim of this module is to introduce the core principles of economics (both micro and macro), to develop economic perspectives relevant to accounting and finance students and demonstrate how modern economics can influence the problems that management of businesses (both national and international) face on a day-to-day basis.

This module introduces students to fundamental concepts in finance. The course aims to provide a firm foundation for the students to build on later on in the second and third years of their programmes, by covering basic logical and rational analytical tools that underpin financial decisions. The course covers topics such as the structure of firms and time value of money. Building on these notions, we then discuss the valuation of simple securities such as bonds and equities. The course also introduces students to project appraisal techniques.

ACFI101 aims to develop a sound understanding of the fundamental principles and techniques of financial accounting. The context and purpose of financial statements is introduced, after which students are introduced to the techniques of recording financial transactions, adjusting financial records and preparing basic financial statements. Successful students will possess a sound base of knowledge for progression towards studying financial reporting in greater depth in the second and final years: the preparation of complex financial statements in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), both for single entities and groups of companies, and for entities undertaking a wide range of accounting transactions. This module is delivered by means of lectures and tutorials, supported by online self-study question material.

The aim of this module is to introduce students to the nature and purpose of management accounting and to establish a solid foundation in its fundamental techniques. The module will explore and apply a range of basic techniques to produce information that aids management decision making. The techniques covered include cost volume profit analysis, budgeting and investment appraisal. Throughout the module the techniques studied will be applied to contemporary issues in the commercial world.

The module provides students with an understanding of the key skills required of the professional accountant in the current business environment, and the opportunity to acquire, develop and apply those skills.

This module introduces students to the graduate recruitment process by providing them with the skills required to secure a work placement or summer internship. It also provides the opportunity to acquire, develop and apply these skills.   

Optional modules

The module aims to provide an introduction to quantitative methods that will assist students in establishing basic quantitative and statistical skills for the study of accounting and finance.

This module will enable students to appreciate the role of statistical and mathematical methods in a business environment. It will also introduce students to different data types and approaches required for analysis. Upon successful completion of the module students will be able to confidently apply mathematical skills throughout their degree.

In your second year of study, you will start to build upon the foundations you created in your first year and will be able to demonstrate an understanding, knowledge and application of accounting and finance concepts and principles across a range of business contexts. With an increased expertise in broader areas of accounting and finance you will also understand key accounting methodology as well as the consequences and ethical impact of decision-making.

This module aims to increase students’ knowledge of financial accounting theory and its relevance to accounting practice. The module examines market for accounting information; processes and effects of regulating financial reporting; the incentives which drive managers’ choices of alternative accounting policies; unregulated financial reporting with specific focus on environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting, capital markets’ response to accounting information; the critical perspectives of accounting and also considers a number of other important issues in financial reporting. Upon successful completion of this module, students should develop a good understanding of the role of financial accounting theory and its importance for accounting practice and reporting.

This module introduces the concept of assurance and goes onto cover the statutory audit in the UK and the regulatory framework in which it operates. It covers key elements of International Standards on Auditing with respect to planning, control, evidence and reporting. Students develop an understanding of the nature and purpose of the assurance process as well as the fundamental principles of ethics in the context of audit and assurance.

This module provides students with a foundation understanding of legal institutions of English law, as well as a general, non-specialist introduction to areas of English law that is pertinent and relevant to accounting and finance.

The module aims to introduce students to the modern theory of finance and financial management. Theoretical concepts like the net present value, decision making under uncertainty, portfolio selection and the capital asset pricing model are introduced. These concepts serve as prerequisites for investment and financing decisions which are exemplified by an analysis of valuation of firms, capital structure decisions and dividend policy. More specifically, the topics covered are the value and capital budgeting, portfolio theory, models of security valuation, efficient markets, long-term financing, company dividend decisions, capital structure, and interactions of investment and financing decisions. In all cases contemporary examples will be used to make theory come to life.

This module develops students’ knowledge from first year study by introducing more complex accounting standards which enables them to prepare complete single entity financial statements or extracts thereof. The module introduces accounting concepts and ethical issues and begins to develop students critical thinking in this area.

ACFI203 primarily deals with the tools and techniques that management accountants use to generate the financial information needed by the managers of an organisation. The module begins by developing the product costing techniques introduced in the first year, covering activity-based and life-cycle approaches. Relevant quantitative techniques (such as learning curve models) are then considered. A range of decision-making techniques are covered (such as pricing decisions, making best use of scarce resources, and dealing with risk and uncertainty). Further uses of standard costing and variance analysis for controlling business performance are examined. Measuring divisional performance and the setting of transfer prices in divisionalised businesses are discussed, as well as performance analysis in the public and private sectors. Many of these themes will be further built upon in the final year in looking at performance management systems, measurement and control. Successful students will therefore possess a thorough grounding in the methods used by management accountants, and will be well-prepared for final-year study in the subject (ACFI303 Advanced Management Accounting). This module is delivered by means of lectures and question-practice workshops, and the assessment is conducted via a three-hour final exam.

The module covers the general UK taxation system and introduces students to the relevant taxes in the UK tax system. The module explains the general objectives of tax, the influences upon the UK system of tax and the different types of tax in the UK It discusses the ethical issues arising in the course of performing tax work and identifies the obligations the UK system of tax imposes on taxpayers and the implications for taxpayers of non-compliance. The module covers capital gains tax payable by individuals and trustees, income tax owed by or owed to individuals and trustees, inheritance tax due on lifetime transfers and transfers on death by individuals, personal representatives and trustees, national insurance payable by individuals, businesses and companies, corporation tax liabilities of companies, VAT owed by, or owed, to businesses and the amount of stamp taxes due in straightforward transactions.

This module deals with business ethics and the social responsibility of business organizations. It is designed to inform decision-making about ethical challenges arising in business. It will help students identify and manage difficult ethical dilemmas they are likely to encounter in their future career. It is not intended to convert sinners into saints, to preach ethical truths, or to convey the wisdom of moral philosophers. However, it will develop students’ analytical skills in ethical reasoning and provide them with a substantive framework to deal with ethical challenges. The module is taught by lecture (2 x 1 hour lectures per week) and workshops (2 during the semester, 2 hours each). Assessment is via case study analysis (40%) and an open book examination (60%). There will also be formative tests during the term. This module is identical to PHIL272, except that it runs in Semester 1.

The module introduces students to entrepreneurship, introducing and challenging key assumptions. The intellectual curriculum is accompanied by practical exercises aimed at developing entrepreneurial ideas with support from business mentors.

This module gives an overview of some very basic economic principles as it applies to the firm and its environment. It equips the student with the knowledge and skills necessary to understand and evaluate internal and external factors that influence the strategic decisions made by the firms. This includes the analysis of the nature and behaviour of firms in international markets. It is designed for non-economists such as Business Studies students . Explanations are sometimes based on very basic diagrams and students are expected to have GCSE level maths.

Econometrics for Finance 1 is an important module that equips students with the knowledge of quantitative techniques and the practical expertise needed to solve finance problems. The course involves the analysis of real-world financial datasets to solve finance problems pertinent to a wide range of financial markets. This course is very relevant to students with a keen interest in the quantitative modelling of financial markets or those interested in pursuing an MSc degree in finance or related areas. The lectures equip students with the theoretical knowledge necessary to formulate, estimate, and correctly interpret multivariate econometric models. In particular, the students will learn about multiple regression models, multiple hypotheses tests, diagnostic checks, and parameter stability. The seminar sessions, which take place in the computer lab, will provide students with the opportunity to apply their knowledge by using Eviews, a statistical software, to analyse real-world data from leading financial databases and solve finance problems. Overall, the students will develop a range of skills, including communication skills, digital fluency, analytical skills, and problem-solving skills. The assessment is conducted via a mid-term multiple choice test (30%), a written coursework (60%), and an individual pre-recorded video presentation (10%) at the end of the course.

In year three you will be able to demonstrate an understanding of a wide range of the contexts in which accounting and finance operates and develop your technical knowledge of the main current techniques and practices to an advanced level in areas such as financial reporting; management accounting; finance; auditing and taxation. You will also undertake projects analysing real businesses enabling you to develop and demonstrate key skills desired by graduate employers.

Your year three optional modules will give you the opportunity to explore advanced areas of accounting and finance, depending on your interest. This combination of advanced technical knowledge, analysis of current practice and in depth study of specialised areas leaves you well prepared to enter the workplace or to undertake further study.

This module introduces a rationale for auditing using both normative and positive theoretical models. It examines the regulatory framework within which the statutory audit in the UK operates, covers key elements of Auditing Standards and evaluates elements of current audit practices. Assessment is via 100% examination.

Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) is defined by The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants as ‘the provision and analysis of management accounting data about a business and its competitors, for use in developing and monitoring business strategy.’ At the heart of SMA is the drive to improve an organisation’s decision-making processes in pursuit of its strategic objectives. This module will give you real- world insight into current areas of SMA practice and the challenges that face senior management accounts in organisations today. Specifically, the module will focus on areas such as: the strategic planning process, performance management, transfer pricing, sustainability, investment appraisal, activity-based management and total quality management.

The module provides students with a fundamental understanding of the core theoretical and empirical aspects involved in corporate finance (such as bond/stock valuation, capital structure, dividend policy and leasing contracts). The module will be delivered both in lectures and tutorials. Assessment is done via a mid-term test and a final written exam.

The module aims to provide students with an understanding of how businesses develop and implement strategy

This module is the final module of a stream of 4 that cover financial reporting. This module therefore develops students understanding of financial reporting to a very high level by building upon the knowledge and skills gained in earlier financial reporting modules by covering more detailed and complex accounting standards. It will also develop an understanding of financial statement analysis using financial reporting and business strategy skills developed in this and earlier modules. Ethical and professional issues in financial reporting will also be considered.

This module is designed to build upon the knowledge and skills gained in earlier financial reporting modules by covering the preparation of group financial statements including associates and joint ventures. It will also develop an understanding of group accounting principles and issues arising from group accounting including fair values, intangibles and impairment. The module also addresses other key accounting standards including those relating to leases, borrowing costs and related parties. The module should enable students to prepare complete single entity and consolidated financial statements, and extracts from those financial statements, covering a wide range of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).Students will also be required to explain accounting and reporting concepts and ethical issues, and the application of IFRS to specified single entity or group scenarios.

In recent years, interest in entrepreneurship has increased considerably in academic and policy circles alike. Since the 1970s, it has been widely recognised that entrepreneurship contributes to economic growth and that the majority of new jobs are generated by small firms. Moreover, for some years now, there has been a wide range of publicly funded business support initiatives aimed at enhancing entrepreneurship and enterprise creation. Since the onset of the recession in 2008, the challenge is to create new business opportunities, in the UK, Europe, and beyond which are able to survive and thrive in the emerging business ecosystem. In this context, the role of education, especially in universities, in ‘nurturing’ entrepreneurs through providing the necessary skills and training for students, is increasingly viewed as an important element in the development of new graduate start-ups that have the potential to become high-growth firms. In this module, building upon material studied earlier in the programme, focus will be directed towards questions such as how and why ‘entrepreneurship and enterprise’ have become such a popular phrase for individuals, organisations, communities and governments alike. The module will seek to explore this by examining the various historical, economic, political and social assumptions that surround the nature of entrepreneurship and enterprise, drawing focus towards advancing our understanding and appreciation of the human story behind entrepreneurial and enterprising activity. and It will also seek to advance students’ awareness of entrepreneurial practice by considering in greater detail the many individual stories (from emerging, growing and mature business start-ups) in order to appreciate the factors and challenges involved in “the practice of being entrepreneurial / entrepreneur”. In the module students will also have the opportunity to evaluate their personal orientations to entrepreneurship, building upon material studied earlier in the programme, by reflexively shaping their appreciation of what it is like being self-employed, working in the family business, being an owner-manager, being an entrepreneur/intrapreneur.

The aim of this course is to enable preparation taxation computations under current UK tax law. The emphasis of the course is practical, however consideration will be given to a number of tax planning issues and conceptual aspects where appropriate. Taxes covered will include income tax, national insurance, corporation tax, capital gains tax and VAT. Students will learn how to prepare computations to a sufficient standard for submission to HM Revenue and Customs and at the same time will learn about the basic principles, objectives and tax concepts.

Behavioural finance attempts to explain several widely cited market phenomena (including e.g. excess volatility, overreaction, bubbles and crises) by drawing on concepts and principles from psychology and their applications in investors’ behaviour. The module provides a thorough introduction to this area, with theoretical analyses being enhanced through the use of short videos, experiments and quantitative finance both during lectures and seminars.

The course objective is to present the current capital markets with a blend of the theoretical with the practical. Our examination will extend beyond the traditional financial products, equity and debt instruments, to recent innovations. Until the summer of 2007, capital markets had experienced spectacular growth via a proliferation of new products. In keeping with classic economic theory, the investment rewards of products such as securitization were inevitably accompanied by risks as recent events brought to light. New products like asset-backed securities and Electronic Traded Funds will be reviewed and identified by investor profile and investment rationale.

The module covers the history and development of corporate governance, and the key principles and systems that underpin corporate governance today. It also provides the opportunity to assess the practical application of corporate governance systems across major international organisations based on UK regulation.

The purpose of this module is to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the theory and practice of management in a critical context. The module draws on a broad range of critical social science theory that questions received wisdom on management and the view that management is a purely ‘neutral’ technical-rational practice. The module challenges this view by looking at issues of performativity, and the ideology and politics of work organization and management practice from a range of critical perspectives. It traces the history and development of management as power, control and domination in organizations from its origins through industrialization to its current post-industrial/ postmodern setting.

In the last three decades, derivatives have become increasingly important in the world of …finance. Futures and options are now traded actively on many exchanges and OTC around the world. Yet most of our undergraduate finance courses, which mostly study underlying assets and institutions, simply do not have enough time for an in-depth discussion of derivatives. This class presents both a practical and theoretical approach to derivatives markets. The course starts with basic definitions and properties of put and call options, and forward and futures contracts. Payoff diagrams are used to illustrate these basic notions. Determinants of derivatives values are discussed. The basic no-arbitrage pricing relationships between different types of derivatives are established.

The module on Financial Risk Management covers both the internal aspects of financial institutions and the external factors that affect the investment arena and modern financial markets in general. The degree provides an in-depth understanding of the theoretical foundations that underpin modern investment and risk management techniques. The course has a strong practical dimension so you can acquire a sound knowledge of how to apply these techniques to equity and credit markets as well as investment strategies in general.

According to the advisory firm Deloitte, their football finance unit generates more media enquiries than all other industry areas combined. With the increasing globalisation of the sport, and the impact of commercial and media deals having a large impact on clubs both on and off the field of play, a knowledge of finance for anyone with an interest in the sport is beneficial. This module aims to: (1) Utilise financial statements produced by football clubs and organisations. (2) Review and apply financial reporting standards that have a significant impact on the financial statements, especially in relation to key assets such as player registrations. (3) Analyse financial results using standard and industry specific ratios and KPI’s alongside available accessible data. (4) Discuss and apply methods of valuing clubs using historic financial data and different valuation models. (5) Use financial modelling techniques and spreadsheet analysis to prepare bespoke data and analysis of football clubs. (6) Identify potential warning signs of financial distress in football clubs. (7) Discuss topical financial issues arising in the industry and their potential consequences for stakeholders. (8) Analyse the effectiveness or otherwise of cost control methods in the industry

The module utilises Excel to solve, simulate and model a range of financial problems. It will provide students with the skills to practically apply a range of advanced financial theories and concepts.

The aim of this module is to develop and enhance students’ critical understanding of the key issues surrounding the contemporary football sector. Students will develop a critical understanding of how economics, finance, marketing and other business and management disciplines can be used to analyse features of the football business sector. Furthermore, various concepts and theories from the aforementioned disciplines will be used to analyse critically decision-making within the sector. Where appropriate alternative outcomes will be considered that might improve efficiency and effectiveness within the sector.

How you'll learn

Modules are taught using the latest active learning techniques including business simulations, real-world case studies, social media, interactive participation software, lecture capture and real-time financial and business data using our Bloomberg Trading Floor. The principal forms of teaching are lectures and seminars with lectures normally being supported by material such as hand-outs and presentations.

Seminars give the opportunity for detailed discussion of a topic under the direction of a tutor. You are normally expected to prepare work in advance for seminars and may be expected to present work or give presentations from time to time. On some modules, such as quantitative techniques and IT, seminars may take the form of practical sessions using our PC suites.

All our degrees depend on you spending a good part of the week in private or group study in preparation for lectures and seminars. This involves making extensive use of the excellent library and IT facilities, just one minute’s walk away from the Management School.

How you're assessed

Students on this course will be assessed through a combination of coursework and examinations. The exact weighting will vary from one module to another. As well as individual assignments and exams, you may also be assessed on group reports and presentations.

Liverpool Hallmarks

We have a distinctive approach to education, the Liverpool Curriculum Framework, which focuses on research-connected teaching, active learning, and authentic assessment to ensure our students graduate as digitally fluent and confident global citizens.

Learn more about our Liverpool hallmarks.

Our curriculum

The Liverpool Curriculum framework sets out our distinctive approach to education. Our teaching staff support our students to develop academic knowledge, skills, and understanding alongside our graduate attributes :

• Digital fluency
• Global citizenship

Our curriculum is characterised by the three Liverpool Hallmarks :

• Research-connected teaching
• Active learning
• Authentic assessment

All this is underpinned by our core value of inclusivity and commitment to providing a curriculum that is accessible to all students.

Course options

Studying with us means you can tailor your degree to suit you. Here's what is available on this course.

Global opportunities

Choose from an exciting range of study placements at partner universities worldwide.

Year in industry

Add an optional year-long industry placement to your course.

Language study

Combine this course, take language modules or short courses.

Study as part of XJTLU 2+2

This course is available to study as part of the XJTLU 2+2 programme.

Global Opportunities

University of Liverpool students can choose from an exciting range of study placements at partner universities worldwide. Choose to spend a year at XJTLU in China or a year or semester at an institution of your choice.

What's available on this course?

Year in China

Immerse yourself in Chinese culture on an optional additional year at Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University in stunning Suzhou.

• Learn Chinese
• Study in a bustling world heritage city
• Improve employment prospects
• Study Chinese culture
• 30 minutes from Shanghai
• Learn new skills

Read more about Year at XJTLU, China

Year abroad

Broaden your world by spending an additional year of study at a partner university abroad following your second year of study.

• Choose from up-to 26 countries
• Experience another way of life
• Inspire your future career or studies
• Improved prospects of earning a 2:1 or First
• More likely to earn higher salary
• More likely to be employed after graduating

Where can I spend a year abroad on this course?

• South Korea

More about taking a year abroad

Semester abroad

Take a semester of your second year of study at one of our worldwide partner institutions.

More about taking a semester abroad

Summer abroad

Spend a summer abroad on a study placement or research project at one of our worldwide partner institutions.

• Spend a summer abroad in addition to your degree programme
• Study abroad without adding an extra year
• Choose any summer between your first and final year of study
• Get the chance to study subjects outside your discipline

Where can I spend a summer abroad on this course?

More about taking a summer abroad

Year in industry placements give you an in-depth workplace experience where you can develop your skills and apply your learning.

• Develop key employability skills that graduate employers are looking for
• Experience and understand workplace culture and disciple
• Understand the relationship between academic theory and real world application
• Begin your professional network
• Gain industry insight and insight into potential career options.

If you'd like to undertake a year in industry, you can transfer to Accounting and Finance with a Year in Industry BA (Hons) during your studies, subject to meeting the academic requirements of your course.

View Accounting and Finance with a Year in Industry BA (Hons)

Every student at The University of Liverpool can study a language as part of, or alongside their degree. You can choose:

• A dedicated languages degree
• A language as a joint or major/ minor degree
• Language modules (selected degrees)
• Language classes alongside your studies

Read more about studying a language

Students studying Accounting BA at XJTLU can study this course at the University of Liverpool. Read more about Accounting and Finance BA (Hons) as part of the 2+2 programme .

The natural next step for ambitious XJTLU students who want to build a brilliant career.

• Spend two years at the University of Liverpool campus
• Improve your prospects of progressing to postgraduate study at a top 100 university
• Receive two degrees: one from XJTLU, one from the University of Liverpool
• Get support with visas, accommodation and your career.

Read more about the 2+2 programme.

Your experience

Day-to-day teaching will take place in the University of Liverpool Management School ; a world leading centre for management and leadership education and research and is one of an elite group of institutions worldwide to hold the gold standard ‘triple-crown’ accreditation. At the Management School, students have access to careers education, opportunities to work as well as excellent library and IT facilities, just one minute’s walk away.

Explore where you'll study

Why study Accounting and Finance

Inside Management. A conversation with Nazia Ahmed and Professor Claire Mallanaphy

Virtual tour, supporting your learning.

From arrival to alumni, we’re with you all the way:

• Careers and employability support , including help with career planning, understanding the job market and strengthening your networking skills
• A dedicated student services team can help you get assistance with your studies, help with health and wellbeing, and access to financial advice
• Confidential counselling and support to help students with personal problems affecting their studies and general wellbeing
• Support for students with differing needs from the Disability advice and guidance team . They can identify and recommend appropriate support provisions for you.

What students say...

My student experience has always been about self-discovery. I am a completely different person now than I was when I first started. I’ve enjoyed meeting new people from diverse backgrounds, embracing fresh perspectives and challenging myself to grow both personally and academically. Shaun Morgan, Accounting and Finance Year in Industry , BA (Hons) Accounting and Finance with a Year in Industry

Chat with our students

Want to find out more about student life? Chat with our student ambassadors and ask any questions you have.

Match with an ambassador

Careers and employability

This degree will provide you with the skills applicable to many financial professions and a range of different sectors. Graduates from the University of Liverpool Management School often go on to undertake postgraduate programmes within our school.

Typical roles our graduates have gone on to include:

• trainee accountants
• marketing analyst
• financial and business development consultant
• accounting technicians
• chartered accountants
• internal/external auditors

You will be encouraged to undertake a Year in Industry as part of the four-year sandwich degree programme.

You can also explore taught postgraduate opportunities in our management school including:

• MSc Economics;
• MSc Accounting and Finance;
• MSc Project Management.

4 in 5  agree their main activity after graduation fits in with their future plans.

Fees and funding

Your tuition fee covers almost everything, but you may have additional study costs to consider, such as books, specialist equipment or field trips.

Tuition fees

Tuition fees cover the cost of your teaching and assessment, operating facilities such as libraries, IT equipment, and access to academic and personal support. Learn more about paying for your studies. .

Additional costs

All students have the opportunity to spend a semester studying overseas during their second year, subject to your year one performance. If you elect to study abroad you will need to cover associated travel and living costs. University travel bursaries and subsistence grants are available.

Find out more about the additional study costs that may apply to this course.

Additional study costs

Find out more about additional study costs.

Scholarships and bursaries

We offer a range of scholarships and bursaries to provide tuition fee discounts and help with living expenses while at university.

Check out our Liverpool Bursary , worth up to £2,000 per year for eligible UK students. Or for international students, our Undergraduate Global Advancement Scholarship offers a tuition fee discount of up to £5,000 for eligible international students starting an undergraduate degree from September 2024.

Check out our Undergraduate Global Advancement Scholarship . This offers a tuition fee discount of up to £5,000 for eligible international students starting an undergraduate degree from September 2024. There’s also the Liverpool Bursary which is worth up to £2,000 per year for eligible UK students.

Discover our full range of undergraduate scholarships and bursaries

Entry requirements

The qualifications and exam results you'll need to apply for this course.

English language requirements

You'll need to demonstrate competence in the use of English language, unless you’re from a majority English speaking country .

We accept a variety of international language tests and country-specific qualifications .

You'll need to demonstrate competence in the use of English language, unless you’re from a majority English speaking country.

We accept a variety of international language tests and country-specific qualifications.

International applicants who do not meet the minimum required standard of English language can complete one of our Pre-Sessional English courses to achieve the required level.

You'll need to demonstrate competence in the use of English language, unless you’re from a majority English speaking country

PRE-SESSIONAL ENGLISH

Do you need to complete a Pre-Sessional English course to meet the English language requirements for this course?

The length of Pre-Sessional English course you’ll need to take depends on your current level of English language ability.

Find out the length of Pre-Sessional English course you may require for this degree.

Pre-sessional English

If you don’t meet our English language requirements, we can use your most recent IELTS score, or the equivalent score in selected other English language tests , to determine the length of Pre-Sessional English course you require.

Use the table below to check the course length you're likely to require for your current English language ability and see whether the course is available on campus or online.

If you’ve completed an alternative English language test to IELTS, we may be able to use this to assess your English language ability and determine the Pre-Sessional English course length you require.

Please see our guide to Pre-Sessional English entry requirements for IELTS 6.5, with no component below 5.5, for further details.

Contextual offers: reduced grade requirements

Based on your personal circumstances, you may automatically qualify for up to a two-grade reduction in the entry requirements needed for this course. When you apply, we consider a range of factors – such as where you live – to assess if you’re eligible for a grade reduction. You don’t have to make an application for a grade reduction – we’ll do all the work.

Find out more about how we make reduced grade offers .

Preferred subjects

If you narrowly miss the entry requirements, we may take your subjects into account when we have your results. Students with two or more of these subjects may be given preference if places are available.

• English Literature
• Anthropology
• English Language and Literature
• Archaeology
• Environmental Studies
• Ancient History
• Further Maths
• Business Studies/ Applied
• Religious Studies
• Government & Politics
• Science in Society
• History of Art
• World Development
• English Language

*Languages include modern foreign/community languages taken as individual subjects (e.g.French, Spanish, Urdu, Gujarati) and classical languages (e.g. Biblical Hebrew, Latin, Classical Greek).

About our entry requirements

Our entry requirements may change from time to time both according to national application trends and the availability of places at Liverpool for particular courses. We review our requirements before the start of the new UCAS cycle each year and publish any changes on our website so that applicants are aware of our typical entry requirements before they submit their application.

Recent changes to government policy which determine the number of students individual institutions may admit under the student number control also have a bearing on our entry requirements and acceptance levels, as this policy may result in us having fewer places than in previous years.

We believe in treating applicants as individuals, and in making offers that are appropriate to their personal circumstances and background. For this reason, we consider a range of factors in addition to predicted grades, widening participation factors amongst other evidence provided. Therefore the offer any individual applicant receives may differ slightly from the typical offer quoted in the prospectus and on the website.

Alternative entry requirements

• If your qualification isn't listed here, or you're taking a combination of qualifications, contact us for advice
• If you are returning to learning, have had a disrupted education or are switching career pathways, the one-year Go Higher diploma qualifies you to apply for University of Liverpool arts, humanities and social sciences programmes
• Applications from mature students are welcome.

Have a question about this course or studying with us? Our dedicated enquiries team can help.

• Chat with us
• Phone: +44 (0) 151 794 5927
• Send us a message

Last updated 10 May 2024 / See what's changed / Programme terms and conditions

Changes to Accounting and Finance BA (Hons)

See what updates we've made to this course since it was published. We document changes to information such as course content, entry requirements and how you'll be taught.

New course pages launched.

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• Dissertation Areas and Joint PhD Programs
• PhD Career Outcomes
• PhD Proposals and Defenses
• PhD Job Market Candidates
• PhD Research Community
• 100 Years of Pioneering Research
• Rising Scholars Conference
• Yiran Fan Memorial Conference
• Frequently Asked Questions

PhD in Accounting

• PhD in Behavioral Science
• PhD in Econometrics and Statistics
• PhD in Microeconomics
• PhD in Finance
• PhD in Management Science and Operations Management
• PhD in Marketing
• Joint Program in Financial Economics
• Joint Program in Psychology and Business
• Joint PhD/JD Program

Chicago Booth has one of the preeminent PhD accounting programs. Our faculty conduct groundbreaking scholarly work, and our graduates have played a central role in the evolution of modern accounting research.

As a PhD student in accounting at Booth, you’ll have the freedom to explore and cultivate your research interests from day one—wherever they lead.

You’ll join a collaborative research community and work with prominent scholars whose groundbreaking research is recognized for its impact on the academic literature, accounting practice and policymaking, securities regulation, and elsewhere. In addition to your stipend, you may apply for research and conference travel funding from our research centers and the Stevens Doctoral Program. In research workshops and conferences, you’ll present your work and hear about the work of fellow researchers. 

Our Distinguished Accounting Faculty

As measured by research productivity and impact, Chicago Booth has one of the best accounting faculty groups in the world. The group includes Philip G. Berger, Hans B. Christensen, Merle Erickson, Christian Leuz, Michael Minnis, Valeri Nikolaev, Haresh Sapra, Douglas J. Skinner, and Abbie J. Smith, as well as an outstanding group of research-active junior faculty. The school is committed to maintaining the quality of this group.

These distinguished scholars are also teachers and mentors who will advise you, coauthor papers with you, supervise your thesis, help you find an outstanding job, and serve as colleagues throughout your career.

Philip G. Berger

Wallman Family Professor of Accounting

Hans B. Christensen

Chookaszian Family Professor of Accounting and David G. Booth Faculty Fellow

Anna Costello

Professor of Accounting and David G. Booth Faculty Fellow

Merle Erickson

Professor of Accounting

Joao Granja

Associate Professor of Accounting and Jane and Basil Vasiliou Faculty Scholar

Christian Leuz

Charles F. Pohl Distinguished Service Professor of Accounting and Finance

Bradford Levy

Assistant Professor of Accounting

Charles McClure

Michael Minnis

Professor of Accounting and Charles E. Merrill Faculty Scholar

Maximilian Muhn

Valeri Nikolaev

James H. Lorie Professor of Accounting and FMC Faculty Scholar

Madhav Rajan

Dean and George Pratt Shultz Professor of Accounting

Thomas Rauter

Assistant Professor of Accounting and IBM Corporation Faculty Scholar

Amoray Riggs-Cragun

Assistant Professor of Accounting and Kathryn and Grant Swick Faculty Scholar

Delphine Samuels

Associate Professor of Accounting and James S. Kemper Foundation Faculty Scholar

Haresh Sapra

Charles T. Horngren Professor of Accounting

Douglas J. Skinner

Deputy Dean for Faculty and Sidney Davidson Distinguished Service Professor of Accounting

Abbie J. Smith

Boris and Irene Stern Distinguished Service Professor of Accounting

Christopher Stewart

Assistant Professor of Accounting and William S. Fishman Faculty Fellow

Associate Professor of Accounting and Kathryn and Grant Swick Faculty Scholar

Anthony Welsch

Anastasia A Zakolyukina

Associate Professor of Accounting

Alumni Success

The American Accounting Association periodically awards a prize for seminal contributions to the accounting literature. Graduates of the PhD Accounting Program are regular winners of this prestigious prize.

Our PhD graduates in accounting go on to faculty positions  at some of the world's most prestigious institutions.

Kalash Jain, MBA '23, PhD '23

Assistant Professor of Business, Accounting Division Columbia Business School, Columbia University His research examines the impact of information processing frictions and investor decision making on asset prices and firm investment. His dissertation area is in accounting.

Sinja Leonelli, MBA '23, PhD '23

Assistant Professor of Accounting Stern School of Business, New York University Sinja's research primarily examines misconduct reporting, regulation and enforcement, and the use of ESG information by stakeholders such as regulators, employees, and consumers. Her dissertation area is in accounting.

Shirley Lu, MBA ’21, PhD ’21 

Assistant Professor of Business Administration Harvard Business School, Harvard University Shirley Lu studies Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, with a focus on climate change and gender diversity. Her dissertation area is in accounting.

Spotlight on Research

Chicago Booth Review frequently highlights the work of accounting PhD students, faculty, and alumni.

One Way Discrimination Creeps into the Supply Chain

A Q&A with Chicago Booth’s Anna Costello about how the pandemic affected which suppliers got paid on time.

AI Reads between the Lines to Discover Corporate Risk

“Corporate risk exposures are often subtly implied in conference call discussions rather than explicitly stated,” write Chicago Booth PhD student Alex G. Kim and Booth’s Maximilian Muhn and Valeri Nikolaev.

Civilization is Based on Accounting

A Q&A with Chicago Booth’s Ray Ball on accounting’s past and future.

Financial Data Privacy Could Help Fight Poverty

Historical data can shape future outcomes, helping to determine whether a prospective borrower has access to a home, car, or other opportunities, write University of Utah’s Mark Jansen, Chicago Booth PhD student Fabian Nagel, and Booth’s Constantine Yannelis and Anthony Lee Zhang.

A Network of Support

Doctoral students at Booth have access to the resources of several research centers  that offer funding for student work, host workshops and conferences, and foster a strong research community.

The Chookaszian Accounting Research Center The Chookaszian Accounting Research Center coordinates accounting research at Chicago Booth and hosts research brown bags and workshops. It also publishes the Journal of Accounting Research , one of the top accounting research journals in the world.

George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State Dedicated to examining issues at the intersection of politics and the economy, the Stigler Center supports research in the political, economic, and cultural obstacles to better working markets.

Rustandy Center for Social Sector Innovation Chicago Booth’s destination for people committed to tackling social and environmental problems, the Rustandy Center supports the work of PhD students and others who are focused on transforming the social sector.

Inside the Student Experience

For Andrew Sutherland, PhD ’13, coauthoring research with Booth faculty was a highlight of the Stevens Program.

Video Transcript

Andrew Sutherland, ’13: 00:09 In accounting, there's tons and tons of research on these big public firms that have an army of investor relations people and they constant disclosing things. That's where most of the research was happening, but there's this whole other half of the economy, these private firms, that we didn't really know a lot about. We didn't know a lot about how they got credit. What was interesting to me is that a lot of time, firms are able to get credit without even providing any financial statements or any information whatsoever to the bank. The reason they're able to get credit is that they have a credit score. So in other words, the information is coming, not from the form itself, but from another bank who had dealt with them in the past. What really struck me was there wasn't really a lot of research out there on this information channel. That's when I decided I wanted to learn a little bit more about what this reporting channel does to contract and help firms get credit and how it changes banks' incentives to lend.

Andrew Sutherland, ’13: 01:01 Basically, the firms that have a good credit record or a long track record of borrowing successfully were the ones that were able to shop around. We would think that's a good thing, that giving firms more choice about who to borrow from kind of increases social welfare, you get better matching between lenders and firms. Kind of the dark side is that the firms that have had payment trouble that have defaulted or missed some payments on loans sort of get shut out of the credit part. You have a harder time starting any new relationships with outside lenders. That's kind of a cost.

Andrew Sutherland, ’13: 01:34 The second cost is that information sharing changes the game for lenders. So, if participating in this credit bureau basically allows outside lenders to pick off the firms that are doing better, then that destroys the incentive for lenders to kind of invest in relationships to begin with. That's sort of the second dark side of information sharing, if you will.

Andrew Sutherland, ’13: 01:54 So, I coauthor on a number of projects with the junior faculty member here named Mike Minnis. I probably talked to Mike more than I talk to my wife. I don't know if that's a good thing or a bad thing. But, I mean, as a PhD student, there's only so much you can learn in class, and having a faculty member to work with that's kind of gone through the ropes and understands the review process, that's done something on their own, it gives you a really good opportunity to learn. That's something, I think that was absolutely instrumental in my success

Current Accounting Students

PhD students in accounting come to Chicago Booth with a wide range of interests and goals. Recent dissertations have focused on everything from machine learning to the impact of fiscal monitoring, and graduates have gone on to positions at some of the world’s preeminent institutions, including Columbia Business School, Stanford Graduate School of Business, and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Current Students

Samuel Chang Jonas Dalmazzo Jewel Evans Lingyu Gu Yanzi (Yvonne) Han Grant Hayes Roope Keloharju Maria Khrakovsky Alex Kim Ginha Kim Andrew McKinley Fabian Nagel Pietro Ramella Hristiana Vidinova Hanbyul Yoon Jingyu Zhang

Program Expectations and Requirements

The Stevens Doctoral Program at Chicago Booth is a full-time program. Students generally complete the majority of coursework and examination requirements within the first two years of studies and begin work on their dissertation during the third year. For details, see General Examination Requirements by Area in the Stevens Program Guidebook below.

Download the 2023-2024 Guidebook!

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Economics PhD

The University of Liverpool Management School’s (ULMS) Economics PhD programme has a long tradition of developing economists for the next Read more...

Politics PhD

As a vibrant and international department, our we offer PhD supervision for British Politics, Political Science, International Relations, Read more...

Italian PhD

An emphasis on the contemporary characterises research in the Italian subject group. Research is interdisciplinary and collaborative and Read more...

History PhD

Research in History is characterised by its breadth and diversity. The interests of our staff and PhD students span the medieval, early Read more...

Accounting and Finance PhD

Our Accounting and Finance PhD aims to develop world-class researchers, specialised in building theory and producing valuable insight into Read more...

Film Studies PhD

In Modern Languages and Cultures (MLC), our research is characterised by an interest in the global dimensions of language-based study, Read more...

Research interests in French Studies cover all areas of French literature, culture and history, including Medieval studies, sixteenth, Read more...

Sociolinguistics PhD

The nexus between people and language is where most sociolinguistic research takes place, and at the University of Liverpool, research in Read more...

Translation Studies PhD

We have specialist researchers and active practitioners in translation across all our subject areas and supervise projects across a wide Read more...

Latin American Studies PhD

We are one of the longest established and most broadly-based centres for the study of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies in Read more...

Modern Languages PhD

The defining strength of research carried out in Modern Languages at Liverpool is the multidisciplinary nature of projects with a global Read more...

Hispanic Studies PhD

Modern Languages and Cultures continues to extend research activity over a broad range of areas in Iberian and Latin American Studies. The Read more...

Radiobiology and Radiotherapy PhD

Radiotherapy is one of the cornerstones of cancer treatment and research in the Department. We aim to develop both a greater understanding Read more...

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PhD/ MPhil/ MSc Accounting (Research)

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The PhD Accounting comprises a short taught component followed by a longer research phase. Taught modules allow you to broaden, as well as deepen, your knowledge of research methods as well as conducting your own research and developing transferable professional skills.

The PhD programme in Accounting will facilitate the creation and interpretation of new knowledge by the research student, demonstrated through the thesis. The programme comprises a short taught component followed by a longer research phase. Taught modules allow the students to broaden, as well as deepen, their knowledge of research methods at the same time as undertaking their own research and developing a set of transferable professional skills. The taught component is designed to ensure that doctoral researchers understand the breath of techniques used in modern social science research.

Doctoral researchers will be capable of analysing a range of data using a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques. They will be able to explain theories underlying different approaches to social science research. Doctoral researchers are expected to participate to the fullest possible extent in the life of the Department of Accounting and the Business School. This means attending seminars organised by the Department of Accounting and more widely in the Business School thereby helping expose doctoral researchers to new ideas emanating from outside their own area of specialisation. It also requires actively participating in PhD workshops and conferences organised by the Department of Accounting, the Business School and Graduate School as well as institutions outside the University of Birmingham.

Ultimately all doctoral researchers will have the ability to characterise and solve business and accounting problems using advanced research tools. They should be able to derive policy implications from their research and communicate these to policy makers, practitioners and other academics in a manner which is comprehensible. They will also be able to peer review others’ research and offer constructive criticism and to extend the frontiers of the discipline through their own innovative research.

Doctoral researchers may choose to become academics, work in Government, businesses, supranational organisations or in the research arms of major financial institutions. They are expected to achieve a substantial understanding of contemporaneous accounting and business issues enabling them to take a lead in ongoing debates within society. They will be aware of and understand the function of related institutions at both a national and international level.

Fees 2024 - 2025

• Code 015B - £4,778 (UK) Full Time
• Code 017B - £2,389 (UK) PartTime
• Code 015B - £23,520 (International) Full Time
• Code 018B -  £4,778 (UK) Full Time
• Code 018B - £23,520 (International) Full Time

MSc (Research):

• Code 043B - £4,778 (UK) Full Time
• Code 043B - £23,520 (International) Full Time

Learn more about fees and funding

Scholarships and Studentships for International students

International students  can often gain funding through overseas research scholarships, Commonwealth scholarships or their home Government.

For further information contact the School directly or visit our helpdesk .

How To Apply

• How to apply

To apply for a postgraduate research programme, you will need to submit your application and supporting documents online. We have put together some helpful information on the research programme application process and supporting documents on our how to apply page . Please read this information carefully before completing your application.

Our Standard Requirements

The Business School's entry requirement is a good honours degree (first or upper second class honours) awarded by a recognised University in an appropriate subject, and a merit in a relevant Master’s degree. We usually ask students for an average of 65 in the taught component of their Masters. All international students also need to show that they have adequate knowledge of written and spoken English.

Learn more about our entry requirements.

Writing your research proposal

Along with your academic record, your references and your curriculum vitae your research proposal plays a critical role in the evaluation of your application.

Your research proposal should illustrate your ability to plan an independent research study and the relevance of your topic to the research interests and expertise of Birmingham Business School.You need to demonstrate that you understand the field that you plan to research, identify an interesting and original research question, and develop a tentative plan of study. It is highly desirable that your research proposal is written to the guidelines specified below.

Guidelines for the Research Proposal

When clicking on the Apply Now button you will be directed to an application specifically designed for the programme you wish to apply for where you will create an account with the University application system and submit your application and supporting documents online. Further information regarding how to apply online can be found on the how to apply pages.

International Requirements

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 14/20 from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of the Licenciado or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Argentinian university, with a promedio of at least 7.5, may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Applicants for PhD degrees will normally have a Maestria or equivalent

Applicants who hold a Masters degree will be considered for admission to PhD study.

Holders of a good four-year Diplomstudium/Magister or a Masters degree from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 2.5 will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students with a good 5-year Specialist Diploma or 4-year Bachelor degree from a recognised higher education institution in Azerbaijan, with a minimum GPA of 4/5 or 80% will be considered for entry to postgraduate taught programmes at the University of Birmingham.

For postgraduate research programmes applicants should have a good 5-year Specialist Diploma (completed after 1991), with a minimum grade point average of 4/5 or 80%, from a recognised higher education institution or a Masters or “Magistr Diplomu” or “Kandidat Nauk” from a recognised higher education institution in Azerbaijan.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 75% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with a CGPA of 3.0-3.3/4.0 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Students who hold a Masters degree from the University of Botswana with a minimum GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0 (70%/B/'very good') will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Please note 4-year bachelor degrees from the University of Botswana are considered equivalent to a Diploma of Higher Education. 5-year bachelor degrees from the University of Botswana are considered equivalent to a British Bachelor (Ordinary) degree.

Students who have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

A Licenciatura or Bacharelado degree from a recognised Brazilian university:

• A grade of 7.5/10 for entry to programmes with a 2:1 requirement
• A grade of 6.5/10for entry to programmes with a 2:2 requirement

Holders of a good Bachelors degree with honours (4 to 6 years) from a recognised university with a upper second class grade or higher will be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes.  Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good post-2001 Masters degree from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students with a minimum average of 14 out of 20 (or 70%) on a 4-year Licence, Bachelor degree or Diplôme d'Etudes Superieures de Commerce (DESC) or Diplôme d'Ingénieur or a Maîtrise will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Holders of a bachelor degree with honours from a recognised Canadian university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. A GPA of 3.0/4, 7.0/9 or 75% is usually equivalent to a UK 2.1.

Holders of the Licenciado or equivalent Professional Title from a recognised Chilean university will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Applicants for PhD study will preferably hold a Magister degree or equivalent.

Students with a bachelor’s degree (4 years minimum) may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. However please note that we will only consider students who meet the entry guidance below.  Please note: for the subject areas below we use the Shanghai Ranking 2022 (full table)  ,  Shanghai Ranking 2023 (full table) , and Shanghai Ranking of Chinese Art Universities 2023 .

需要具备学士学位（4年制）的申请人可申请研究生课程。请根据所申请的课程查看相应的入学要求。 请注意，中国院校名单参考 软科中国大学排名2022（总榜） ，  软科中国大学排名2023（总榜） ，以及 软科中国艺术类高校名单2023 。  

Business School    - MSc programmes (excluding MBA)  

商学院硕士课程（MBA除外）入学要求

School of Computer Science – all MSc programmes 计算机学院硕士课程入学要求

College of Social Sciences – courses listed below 社会科学 学院部分硕士课程入学要求 MA Education  (including all pathways) MSc TESOL Education MSc Public Management MA Global Public Policy MA Social Policy MA Sociology Department of Political Science and International Studies  全部硕士课程 International Development Department  全部硕士课程

  All other programmes (including MBA)   所有其他 硕士课程（包括 MBA）入学要求

Please note:

• Borderline cases: We may consider students with lower average score (within 5%) on a case-by-case basis if you have a relevant degree and very excellent grades in relevant subjects and/or relevant work experience. 如申请人均分低于相应录取要求（5%以内），但具有出色学术背景，优异的专业成绩，以及（或）相关的工作经验，部分课程将有可能单独酌情考虑。
• Please contact the China Recruitment Team for any questions on the above entry requirements. 如果您对录取要求有疑问，请联系伯明翰大学中国办公室   [email protected]

Holders of the Licenciado/Professional Title from a recognised Colombian university will be considered for our Postgraduate Diploma and Masters degrees. Applicants for PhD degrees will normally have a Maestria or equivalent.

Holders of a good bachelor degree with honours (4 to 6 years) from a recognised university with a upper second class grade or higher will be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes.  Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Bacclaureus (Bachelors) from a recognised Croatian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 4.0 out of 5.0, vrlo dobar ‘very good’, or a Masters degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a Bachelors degree(from the University of the West Indies or the University of Technology) may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. A Class II Upper Division degree is usually equivalent to a UK 2.1. For further details on particular institutions please refer to the list below.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Masters degree or Mphil from the University of the West Indies.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised institution with a minimum overall grade of 6.5 out of 10, or a GPA of 3 out of 4, and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Bakalár from a recognised Czech Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 1.5, B, velmi dobre ‘very good’ (post-2004) or 2, velmi dobre ‘good’ (pre-2004), or a good post-2002 Magistr (Masters), will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised institution with a minimum overall grade of 7-10 out of 12 (or 8 out of 13) or higher for 2:1 equivalence and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters/ Magisterkonfereus/Magister Artium degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of the Licenciado or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Ecuadorian university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Grades of 70% or higher can be considered as UK 2.1 equivalent.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Magister/Masterado or equivalent qualification, but holders of the Licenciado with excellent grades can be considered.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 75% from a recognised institution. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Bakalaurusekraad from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 4/5 or B, or a good one- or two-year Magistrikraad from a recognised university, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Masters degree with very good grades (grade B, 3.5/4 GPA or 85%) will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. 

Holders of a good Kandidaatti / Kandidat (old system), a professional title such as Ekonomi, Diplomi-insinööri, Arkkitehti, Lisensiaatti (in Medicine, Dentistry and Vetinary Medicine), or a Maisteri / Magister (new system), Lisensiaatti / Licenciat, Oikeustieteen Kandidaatti / Juris Kandidat (new system) or Proviisori / Provisor from a recognised Finnish Higher Education institution, with a minimum overall grade of 2/3 or 4/5, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters/Maîtrise with a minimum overall grade of 13 out of 20, or a Magistère / Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies / Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures Specialisées / Mastère Specialis, from a recognised French university or Grande École to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a Magister Artium, a Diplom or an Erstes Staatsexamen from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 2.5, or a good two-year Lizentiat / Aufbaustudium / Zweites Staatsexamen or a Masters degree from a recognised university, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) with a minimum GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0 Students who have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good four-year Ptychio (Bachelor degree) with a minimum overall grade of 6.5 out of 10, from a recognised Greek university (AEI), and will usually be required to have completed a good Metaptychiako Diploma Eidikefsis (Masters degree) from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

4-year Licenciado is deemed equivalent to a UK bachelors degree. A score of 75 or higher from Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC) can be considered comparable to a UK 2.1, 60 is comparable to a UK 2.2.  Private universities have a higher pass mark, so 80 or higher should be considered comparable to a UK 2.1, 70 is comparable to a UK 2.2

The Hong Kong Bachelor degree is considered comparable to British Bachelor degree standard. Students with bachelor degrees awarded by universities in Hong Kong may be considered for entry to one of our postgraduate degree programmes.

Students with Masters degrees may be considered for PhD study.

Holders of a good Alapfokozat / Alapképzés or Egyetemi Oklevel from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 3.5, or a good Mesterfokozat (Masters degree) or Egyetemi Doktor (university doctorate), will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with a 60% or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of the 4 year Sarjana (S1) from a recognised Indonesian institution will be considered for postgraduate study. Entry requirements vary with a minimum requirement of a GPA of 2.8.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a score of 14/20 or 70% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution, with 100 out of 110 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Students who hold the Maitrise, Diplome d'Etude Approfondies, Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures Specialisees will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees (14-15/20 or Bien from a well ranked institution is considered comparable to a UK 2.1, while a score of 12-13/20 or Assez Bien is considered comparable to a UK 2.2).

Students with a Bachelor degree from a recognised university in Japan will be considered for entry to a postgraduate Masters degree provided they achieve a sufficiently high overall score in their first (Bachelor) degree. A GPA of 3.0/4.0 or a B average from a good Japanese university is usually considered equivalent to a UK 2:1.

Students with a Masters degree from a recognised university in Japan will be considered for PhD study. A high overall grade will be necessary to be considered.

Students who have completed their Specialist Diploma Мамаң дипломы/Диплом специалиста) or "Magistr" (Магистр дипломы/Диплом магистра) degree (completed after 1991) from a recognised higher education institution, with a minimum GPA of 2.67/4.00 for courses requiring a UK lower second and 3.00/4.00 for courses requiring a UK upper second class degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate Masters degrees and, occasionally, directly for PhD degrees.  Holders of a Bachelor "Bakalavr" degree (Бакалавр дипломы/Диплом бакалавра) from a recognised higher education institution, with a minimum GPA of  2.67/4.00 for courses requiring a UK lower second and 3.00/4.00 for courses requiring a UK upper second class degree, may also be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) with a minimum GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/50

Holders of a good Postgraduate Diploma (professional programme) from a recognised university or institution of Higher Education, with a minimum overall grade of 7.5 out of 10, or a post-2000 Magistrs, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a score of 16/20 or 80% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in Libya will be considered for postgraduate study. Holders of a Bachelors degree will normally be expected to have achieved score of 70% for 2:1 equivalency or 65% for 2:2 equivalency. Alternatively students will require a minimum of 3.0/4.0 or BB to be considered.

Holders of a good pre-2001 Magistras from a recognised university with a minimum overall grade of 8 out of 10, or a good post-2001 Magistras, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes

Holders of a good Bachelors degree from a recognised Luxembourgish Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 16 out of 20, or a Diplôme d'Études Supérieures Spécialisées (comparable to a UK PGDip) or Masters degree from a recognised Luxembourgish Higher Education institution will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Masters degree will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees (70-74% or A or Marginal Distinction from a well ranked institution is considered comparable to a UK 2.1, while a score of 60-69% or B or Bare Distinction/Credit is considered comparable to a UK 2.2).

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised Malaysian institution (usually achieved with the equivalent of a second class upper or a grade point average minimum of 3.0) will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.

Holders of a good Bachelors degree from the University of Malta with a minimum grade of 2:1 (Hons), and/or a Masters degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree (Honours) from a recognised institution (including the University of Mauritius) will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.  Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2:1).

Students who hold the Licenciado/Professional Titulo from a recognised Mexican university with a promedio of at least 8 will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.

Students who have completed a Maestria from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree, licence or Maîtrise and a Masters degree, with a score of 14/20 or 70% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Students with a good four year honours degree from a recognised university will be considered for postgraduate study at the University of Birmingham. PhD applications will be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with 60-74% or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Doctoraal from a recognised Dutch university with a minimum overall grade of 7 out of 10, and/or a good Masters degree, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree (minimum 4 years and/or level 400) from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.  Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) with a minimum GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised institution with a minimum GPA of B/Very Good or 1.6-2.5 for a 2.1 equivalency, and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters, Mastergrad, Magister. Artium, Sivilingeniør, Candidatus realium or Candidatus philologiae degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with a CGPA of 3.0/4 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised university in the Palestinian Territories will be considered for postgraduate study. Holders of Bachelors degree will normally be expected to have achieved a GPA of 3/4 or 80% for 2:1 equivalency or a GPA of 2.5/4 or 70% for 2:2 equivalency.    

Holders of the Título de Licenciado /Título de (4-6 years) or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Paraguayan university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Grades of 4/5 or higher can be considered as UK 2.1 equivalent.  The Título Intermedio is a 2-3 year degree and is equivalent to a HNC, it is not suitable for postgraduate entry but holders of this award could be considered for second year undergraduate entry or pre-Masters.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Título de Maestría / Magister or equivalent qualification, but holders of the Título/Grado de Licenciado/a with excellent grades can be considered.

Holders of the Licenciado, with at least 13/20 may be considered as UK 2.1 equivalent. The Grado de Bachiller is equivalent to an ordinary degree, so grades of 15+/20 are required.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Título de Maestría or equivalent qualification.

Holders of a good pre-2001 Magister from a recognised Polish university with a minimum overall grade of 4 out of 5, dobry ‘good’, and/or a good Swiadectwo Ukonczenia Studiów Podyplomowych (Certificate of Postgraduate Study) or post-2001 Magister from a recognised Polish university with a minimum overall grade of 4.5/4+ out of 5, dobry plus 'better than good', will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Licenciado from a recognised university, or a Diploma de Estudos Superiores Especializados (DESE) from a recognised Polytechnic Institution, with a minimum overall grade of 16 out of 20, and/or a good Mestrado / Mestre (Masters) from a recognised university, will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree from a recognised Romanian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 8 out of 10, and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree/Diploma de Master/Diploma de Studii Academice Postuniversitare (Postgraduate Diploma - Academic Studies) or Diploma de Studii Postuniversitare de Specializare (Postgraduate Diploma - Specialised Studies) to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Диплом Специалиста (Specialist Diploma) or Диплом Магистра (Magistr) degree from recognised universities in Russia (minimum GPA of 4.0) will be considered for entry to taught postgraduate programmes/PhD study.

Students who hold a 4-year Bachelor degree with at least 16/20 or 70% will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.   

Students who hold a Maitrise, Diplome d'Etude Approfondies,Diplome d'Etude Superieures or Diplome d'Etude Superieures Specialisees will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. A score of 14-15/20 or Bien from a well ranked institution is considered comparable to a UK 2.1, while a score of 12-13/20 or Assez Bien is considered comparable to a UK 2.2

Students who hold a Bachelor (Honours) degree from a recognised institution with a minimum GPA of 3.0/4.0 or 3.5/5.0 (or a score of 60-69% or B+) from a well ranked institution will be considered for most our Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees with a 2:1 requirement.

Students holding a good Bachelors Honours degree will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.

Holders of a good three-year Bakalár or pre-2002 Magister from a recognised Slovakian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 1.5, B, Vel’mi dobrý ‘very good’, and/or a good Inžinier or a post-2002 Magister from a recognised Slovakian Higher Education institution will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Diploma o pridobljeni univerzitetni izobrazbi (Bachelors degree), Diplomant (Professionally oriented first degree), Univerzitetni diplomant (Academically oriented first degree) or Visoko Obrazovanja (until 1999) from a recognised Slovenian Higher Education institution with a minimum overall grade of 8.0 out of 10, and/or a good Diploma specializacija (Postgraduate Diploma) or Magister (Masters) will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students who hold a Bachelor Honours degree (also known as Baccalaureus Honores / Baccalaureus Cum Honoribus) from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most Masters programmes will require a second class upper (70%) or a distinction (75%).

Holders of a Masters degree will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a Bachelor degree from a recognised South Korean institution (usually with the equivalent of a second class upper or a grade point average 3.0/4.0 or 3.2/4.5) will be considered for Masters programmes.

Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with 7 out of 10 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and will usually be required to have completed a Masters degree, with 60-74% or a CGPA 3.30/4.0 or higher for 2:1 equivalency from a recognised institution to be considered for entry. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Kandidatexamen (Bachelors degree) or Yrkesexamen (Professional Bachelors degree) from a recognised Swedish Higher Education institution with the majority of subjects with a grade of VG (Val godkänd), and/or a good Magisterexamen (Masters degree), International Masters degree or Licentiatexamen (comparable to a UK Mphil), will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good "PostGraduate Certificate" or "PostGraduate Diploma" or a Masters degree from a recognised Swiss higher education institution (with a minimum GPA of 5/6 or 8/10 or 2/5 (gut-bien-bene/good) for a 2.1 equivalence) may be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a Bachelors degree and a Masters degree, with a GPA of 3.0/4.0, 3.5/5 or 75% from a recognised institution to be considered. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

Holders of a good Bachelor degree (from 75% to 85% depending upon the university in Taiwan) from a recognised institution will be considered for postgraduate Masters study. Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.  Most taught Masters programmes require a minimum of an upper second class degree (2.1) Students who have completed a Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.

Holders of a good Masters degree from a recognised institution will be considered for entry to our postgraduate research programmes.

Holders of a good Masters degree or Mphil from a recognised university will be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes.

Students with a Bachelors degree from the following universities may be considered for entry to postgraduate programmes:

• Ateneo de Manila University - Quezon City
• De La Salle University - Manila
• University of Santo Tomas
• University of the Philippines - Diliman

Students from all other institutions with a Bachelors and a Masters degree or relevant work experience may be considered for postgraduate programmes.

Grading Schemes

1-5 where 1 is the highest 2.1 = 1.75 2.2 = 2.25 

Out of 4.0 where 4 is the highest 2.1 = 3.0 2.2 = 2.5

Letter grades and percentages 2.1 = B / 3.00 / 83% 2.2 = C+ / 2.5 / 77%

Holders of a postdoctoral qualification from a recognised institution will be considered for PhD study.  Students may be considered for PhD study if they have a Masters from one of the above listed universities.

Holders of a Lisans Diplomasi with a minimum grade point average (GPA) of 3.0/4.0 from a recognised university will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.

Holders of a Yuksek Diplomasi from a recognised university will be considered for PhD study.

Students who hold a Bachelor degree from a recognised institution will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. Most Masters programmes will require a second class upper (2.1) or GPA of 3.5/5.0

Applicants for postgraduate research programmes should hold a good Bachelors degree / Диплом бакалавра (Dyplom Bakalavra), Диплом спеціаліста (Specialist Diploma) or a Dyplom Magistra from a recognised Ukrainian higher education institution with a minimum GPA of 4.0/5.0, 3.5/4, 8/12 or 80% or higher for 2:1 equivalence and will usually be required to have completed a good Masters degree to be considered for entry to postgraduate research programmes. Applicants with lower grades than this may be considered on an individual basis.

The University will consider students who hold an Honours degree from a recognised institution in the USA with a GPA of:

• 2.8 GPA (on a 4.0 scale) for entry to programmes with a 2:2 requirement 
• 3.2 GPA (on a 4.0 scale) for entry to programmes with a 2:1 requirement 

Please note that some subjects which are studied at postgraduate level in the USA, eg. Medicine and Law, are traditionally studied at undergraduate level in the UK.

Holders of the Magistr Diplomi (Master's degree) or Diplomi (Specialist Diploma), awarded by prestigious universities, who have attained high grades in their studies will be considered for postgraduate study.  Holders of the Fanlari Nomzodi (Candidate of Science), where appropriate, will be considered for PhD study.

Holders of the Licenciatura/Título or an equivalent professional title from a recognised Venezuelan university may be considered for entry to a postgraduate degree programme. Scales of 1-5, 1-10 and 1-20 are used, an overall score of 70% or equivalent can be considered equivalent to a UK 2.1.  Applicants for PhD level study will preferably hold a Maestria or equivalent qualification

Holders of a Bachelors degree from a recognised Vietnamese institution (usually achieved with the equivalent of a second class upper or a grade point average minimum GPA of 7.0 and above) will be considered for postgraduate study at Diploma or Masters level.  Holders of a Masters degree (thac si) will be considered for entry to PhD programmes.

Students who hold a Masters degree with a minimum GPA of 3.5/5.0 or a mark of 2.0/2.5 (A) will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees.   

Students who hold a good Bachelor Honours degree will be considered for Postgraduate Diplomas and Masters degrees. 

International Students

English requirements are IELTS 7.0 with no less than 6.5 in any band or equivalent.

Social and Environmental Accounting

Accountability & sustainability, social accounting, carbon accounting, biodiversity accounting, ecological accounting (internal & external) for corporations, public sector, 3rd sector and activist/community groups Contact: Professor Ataur Belal, Professor Elena Giovannoni, Professor  Tom Cuckston, Dr Melina Manochin

Sustainability Reporting and Sustainability-related Financial Disclosure  Contact: Professor Nick Rowbottom

Financial Accounting and Reporting

The role, work undertaken and information used by investment analysts and fund managers Contact: Professor Shahed Imam, Dr Melina Manochin

Narrative reporting, digital reporting/XBRL, standardisation, Management Commentary Contact: Professor Nick Rowbottom  

Corporate communication (in relation to corporate crises, climate change and carbon emissions). Textual analysis of reporting disclosures (analysts’ reports, credit rating agency reports, annual reports, including CEO tone and climate risk disclosure) Contact: Professor Shahed Imam, Dr Annika Beelitz

Management Accounting & Management Control

Design/implementation of management accounting  / performance management and measurement systems in different contexts Contact: Professor Elena Giovannoni

Public sector, Not for Profit, NGO Accounting & Accountability

Accounting, accountability and control in the public and not for profit sectors Contact: Professor Ataur Belal, Dr Florian Gebreiter, Dr Ann-Christine Frandsen,  Dr Melina Manochin

Accounting Education & Professionalisation

Recruitment, professional socialisation and social mobility at accountancy firms. Employability, social mobility and the effects of marketisation on higher education. Contact: Dr Florian Gebreiter,  Dr Melina Manochin

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Accounting

Accounting and calculative practices, Accounting as a valuing practice in contemporary/historical settings. Accounting and strategy. Accounting embodiments. Accounting in relation to time and space. Contact: Professor Tom Cuckston, Professor Elena Giovannoni,  Dr Ann-Christine Frandsen

Information Systems, Analytics & Knowledge Management

Digital innovation and the adoption of emerging technologies (with an emphasis on how IT shapes user behaviour and organisational practice). Contact: Dr Shuyang Li

Doctoral researchers in Accounting are registered for a full time 3-year PhD or a part-time 6-year PhD. In the first year of the programme (first two years for those registered part-time) students are required to take and successfully complete 60 credits of core Research Methods modules.

Those researchers using more qualitative methodologies will take modules from the MA Social Research programme. They are also recommended to take Advanced Training Modules from the MA Social Research Programme as appropriate to their research and training needs. Depending on their needs and accredited prior learning and subject to supervisory approval doctoral researchers can substitute 20 credits of the introductory MA Social research modules for Advanced Training Modules.

Those researchers employing quantitative methodologies are required to take Econometrics with Financial Applications module from the Department of Economics (30 credit module). They also need to take at least one of the existing MSc Investments and MSc International Accounting and Finance courses and one other module to successfully complete 60 credits of study. The MSc module and one other appropriate M or D level module should be chosen in agreement with the doctorial researcher’s supervisor, as appropriate for the their research topic.  Modules available include: Financial Modelling and Forecasting Techniques (20 credits), Empirical Topics in Accounting and Finance (20 credits) and Quantitative Methods in Finance (10 credits). Doctoral researchers are also recommended to take Advanced Training Modules from the MA Social Research Programme or other modules (e.g. Qualitative Methods) as appropriate to their research and training needs.

By the end of their first year all doctoral students in Accounting will have completed an 8,000 word research proposal that they will present and be evaluated on at the first annual review. This forms the basis for supervised research over the remaining two years of the programme and the production of an 80,000 word thesis.

Career prospects

Recent PhD graduates from Birmingham Business School are working in central banks, Government departments, a variety of financial institutions, accountancy firms, supranational organisations and multinational corporations. Many of our PhD graduates also go on to forge successful academic careers in other top Universities.

Doctoral Research career assistance

The University of Birmingham has invested heavily in careers and employability support. The Careers Team have been praised for enhanced developments within their team and for adopting a model of integrated employability and internship support; something that has been rolled out and implemented across all Schools and Colleges at the University.

Doctoral researchers at Birmingham Business School benefit from its own well qualified dedicated Careers Team to support students with employment opportunities, work placements, internships and how to succeed at interview. In addition, a range of career management, personal development and employer events are run each year by the Careers in Business Team to help you make the most of the opportunities available.

The University also has dedicated careers advisors for international students  who run workshops and networking opportunities with potential employers. These are especially popular with international postgraduate researchers.

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Postgraduate Study - PhD and Research Degrees

• Accountancy
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Research topics and degrees

MPhil/PhD students work alongside researchers within the following research themes:

• Capital markets
• Case study research
• Corporate finance
• Corporate governance

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Research overview

As a PhD student in accounting, you will work with and learn from our inspirational and diverse faculty of leading researchers. Our faculty offer a wealth of knowledge on fundamental issues in accounting, including management control, capital markets accounting, accounting for sustainability, taxation and corporate governance and auditing.

» Find out about potential topics for PhD research that our faculty are offering

» Find out more about the department’s faculty

Research Training

We train our PhD students to conduct world-class research by designing a bespoke programme of advanced graduate training that all our students undertake as they progress in their degree. Our PhD students also participate in the department’s research seminars and have opportunities to attend international conferences to present their research. We also provide regular opportunities for our students to develop their teaching skills and contribute to the department’s teaching.

Research support

We provide our students with the resources that they need to succeed. This includes funding to support their research and further development, access to core  research facilities ,  databases  and funding to present their work at leading international conferences.

Entry requirements

To be considered, PhD applicants need to meet the following entry requirements:

• A good undergraduate degree (in the UK, at least an upper second class honours) in a relevant subject
• A taught Masters degree in a relevant subject

If you are an international student, please visit our  international equivalency pages  to enable you to see if your existing academic qualifications meet our entry requirements.

English language requirements

International students need to show they have the required level of English language to study this course. The required test scores for this course fall under Profile B2 : view the required test scores and equivalencies from your country .

Please note: In order to submit an application you must have had a prior dialogue with an academic at the University who is interested in supervising your research. Full details below:

We consider applications to our PhD programmes three times a year:

• 31 st January
• 30 th September

Application Documents

To be considered for our PhD programme, you need to submit the following documents by either of the above deadlines (incomplete applications will not be considered):

• A research proposal that you have developed with a potential supervisor (no more than 2000 words)
• A letter from this potential supervisor stating that they are willing to supervise you
• A personal statement that explains why you wish to complete your PhD in our department and why you think you are well suited to this programme of study (no more than 600 words)
• Academic transcripts from your relevant studies to date (see entry requirements below)
• Two academic letters of reference from teaching staff at your previous institutions
• If necessary, evidence of English language ability (see entry requirements below)
• If you have them, results from a GMAT or GRE test that are not more than 5 years old.

Preparing your Proposal

You cannot apply until a member of faculty has stated that they are willing to supervise you and provided you with a letter to this effect. To achieve this, you will need to initiate contact with faculty who are working on topics that you are interested in and present them with a proposal of no more than 2000 words.

To find a potential supervisor, refer to the Supervision section, below.

We recommend that you start this process 3 months before the application deadline. There are three possible outcomes to this process: (1) potential supervisors state that they are willing to supervise you, (2) potential supervisors request further revisions on your proposal or (3) they are unable to provide supervision.

Applicants will be invited to interview with a panel who will assess their application. Applicants who cannot provide results from the GMAT or GRE will be asked to complete an online psychometric test.

Fees and funding

Tuition Fees per year 2024/25

• Home : £4,786 full-time;   £pro-rata part-time
• International : £22,600 full-time

For those studying for more than one year, our fees are expected to increase modestly in line with Consumer Price Inflation measured in December each year. More information can be found on our   Student Finance webpages .

Fees 2023/24

Tuition fees per year 2023/24

• Home : £4,712 full-time;   £pro-rata part-time
• International : £20,600 full-time

Current funding opportunities

Our Postgraduate Funding webpage provides links to further information. If you are considering a PhD in the future, in addition to University of Exeter funding, we have been successful at securing postgraduate funding for PhD research through our Funded centres . 

Current available funding

Supervision.

You can expect:

• High-quality research supervision to develop and nurture your potential
• A tailored supervision approach to help best suit your requirements
• Accessible supervisors who are enthusiastic about working directly with postgraduate research students
• Regular timetabled meetings with your supervisor
• 'Open door' policy to all postgraduate students - instant access to world-leading researchers who will share their expertise and ideas with you
• Regular meetings with your supervisory team, other members of your research group, and mentors

You will only be able to apply for a PhD when you have received a letter from potential supervisors stating that they are willing to supervise your PhD thesis. You therefore need to initiate contact with faculty who are working on topics that you are interested in and present them with a proposal of no more than 2000 words. To find a potential supervisor, please click on the link below.

› Find a supervisor

Your future: your training needs

The skills and expertise that you build now are fundamental to your continuing professional development (CPD), and will be part of your toolset throughout your working life, whether academic or elsewhere. We’re also very keen that you should consider taking part in the University's  Postgraduate Researchers' Programme  which offers training in a wide range of generic and transferable skills in key areas such as research management, personal effectiveness, communication skills, networking, team-working, and career management.

It’s great if you can enter the programme with research training and experience of research at Masters level, but we don’t expect you to be the finished article. You’ll get together straight away with your supervisor to identify your training needs, and you’ll both monitor and adapt them as your research develops and new challenges emerge. In the first year of your PhD study the appropriate department(s) in the Business School will specify discipline and subject-specific training which may be methods training, research philosophy, or thematic modules to upgrade your knowledge of the subject. You may be asked simply to attend some modules; you may be required to pass others that are vital to your doctoral studies. You’ll also need to attend staff-postgraduate seminars addressed by visiting speakers and School staff and you’ll present your research to fellow students and academic staff at our annual research conference or a similar event. This is a key opportunity to get feedback from staff and fellow students on your research, as well as giving you the chance to enhance your presentation skills. Successful presentation is a criterion of upgrade from MPhil to PhD status

External training experiences

We can source most training requirements within the University of Exeter, but where this is not feasible, for instance on specialist software, or cutting-edge methods or techniques vital to your studies, we work with partner organisations like research councils, professional associations and training companies to provide external training. 

You need to be able to communicate your research clearly and effectively to a variety of audiences, and we encourage doctoral students to present their work to external audiences at seminars, symposia and conferences. Each student is allocated a yearly allowance for professional development.

When do I get started?

You should enter your doctoral programme in October at the start of the academic year if at all possible. This is when taught modules commence within the School, as does the University’s research training programme and the widest array of training courses. After the training-needs assessment with your supervisor you may be asked to attend one or more first semester modules commencing in October and, if the training is deemed essential to your programme, this may be a requirement for any offer of a place. October is also the start of the academic year for all students, with a formal induction programme as well as a vibrant calendar of events, and you’ll definitely benefit socially if you start your studies with other new students.

Employment opportunities

The Business School provides research students with many opportunities to develop skills in teaching, and other academic and non-academic employment, and actively supports students who wish to take on ad-hoc or part time work during their studies.

The School has a  Code of Practice for Employment of PGR students  which complements the University's central  Code of Good Practice for the Employment of Postgraduate Students . Students who wish to undertake work during their studies must ensure they read both the School Code and the University Code before commencing any duties.

Skills training

The skills and expertise that you build now are fundamental to your continuing professional development (CPD), and will be part of your toolset throughout your working life.

We strongly recommend that our students take part in the University's  Postgraduate Researchers' Programme , which offers training in skills such as:

• research management
• personal effectiveness
• communication
• team-working
• career management

Working while studying

The Business School provides research students with many opportunities to develop skills in teaching, as well as other forms of employment (both academic and non-academic). We actively support students who wish to take on ad-hoc or part time work during their studies.

The School has a Code of Practice for Employment, which complements the University's central  Code of Good Practice for the Employment of Postgraduate Students . If you wish to undertake employment during your studies, you must ensure that you read both the School Code and the University Code before commencing any duties.

Further information

• Postgraduate Study careers
• University of Exeter Doctoral College career development

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2024 Minneapolis Graduate Commencement information and livestream First year students submit deposit here

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• What Can You Do With an Accounting Degree?

by Andrew Buckley

May 31, 2024

University Services Accounting

Careers in accounting involve more than numbers and spreadsheets. If you work in this field, you already know that what you can do with an accounting degree includes making an impactful difference in the lives of others . In the jobs you can get with an accounting degree, you might be responsible for anything from helping a small business maintain a healthy bottom line to assisting a nonprofit in allocating funds to maximize its impact. And if you’re just getting started in accounting or considering the field as part of a career switch, you’ll soon learn that it has much more to offer than many people realize.

As part of the wider finance industry, accounting has a reputation for offering job security and above-average salaries. For each year between 2022 and 2032, the business and finance field is projected to usher in about 911,400 job openings 1 , and 126,500 of those will go to accountants and auditors. 2 The median salary for accountants ($79,880/year) also outpaces the national average, and accounting professionals tend to widen this gap with additional years of experience – the top 10% of accountants earn $137,280 or more per year. 2

Becoming a public accountant is a solid career choice that works well for many people. However, it’s important to remember that there are plenty of other jobs you can get with an accounting degree – especially if you pursue a master’s . For example, many employers value the level of expertise that comes with a master’s degree when making difficult decisions regarding promotions to management roles.

If you’re interested in advancing to management occupations ( median salary: $116,880 3 ), a master’s in accounting might be a worthwhile investment. At Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, you can earn an online Master of Science in Accounting (MSA) whether or not you have an accounting background. You’ll build expertise in finance and business principles and have the option to stack multiple graduate certificates to gain specialized knowledge for the career you want.

For a better understanding of what you can do with an accounting degree, explore the careers below.

Careers in Accounting

Financial manager.

One of the top-earning jobs you can get with an accounting degree is as a financial manager. Professionals who work as financial managers may also be called controllers, finance officers, or treasurers. Their job is to maintain the overall financial health of a business or organization by closely monitoring financial reports and making strategic investment decisions. Financial managers pay attention to market trends and have a solid grasp of effective leadership and management practices. Required skills for this position include:

• Critical thinking
• Data analysis
• Decision-making
• Effective communication
• Employee management
• Market analysis
• Strategic planning

Salary and Career Outlook

Financial managers earn a median salary of $156,100 per year , according to the latest data provided by the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS). This occupation is also projected to grow faster than average between 2022 and 2032 at a rate of 16% – about 69,600 job openings per year . 4 Professionals working in this occupation are known to be employed in a range of environments, with those in professional, scientific, and technical services earning the highest salaries.

Required Education

Financial managers need at least a bachelor’s degree, but in many cases, a master’s degree is preferred. Professionals in this role tend to have several years of experience in finance, and many have previously worked as accountants or financial analysts. While not always required, many financial managers also have one or more of the following certifications:

• Certified Public Accountant
• Certified Government Financial Manager
• Chartered Financial Analyst Certification

Find out how the online MSA program at Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota can help you prepare for the Certified Public Accountant Exam.

Accounting Director

Accounting directors lead a team of accountants in accurately monitoring the financial transactions related to an organization’s functioning . Responsibilities for those in this occupation include supervising employees, ensuring adherence to financial regulations, auditing financial data, and more. To do their job well, a professional in this role must possess expertise in:

• Accounting software
• Cash flow management
• Financial reporting
• Oral communication
• People management
• Process improvement
• Project management
• Written communication

Accounting director is another high-paying career in accounting, with Payscale reporting a median income of $113,478 per year. Further, the top 10% of experienced professionals in this occupation earn $168,000 or more annually. As of 2024, salaries for accounting directors tend to be most significantly boosted by skills in mergers and acquisitions, auditing, process improvement, and project management. 5

Earning a master’s in accounting is generally recommended for professionals who hope to become an accounting director. This level of education will prepare you with the technical and leadership skills you need to succeed in this role. Passing the CPA exam and maintaining your license is also required for this occupation.

Are You Ready to Move Forward in Your Accounting Career?

Develop advanced expertise in both finance and business with an online MSA from Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota.

Personal Financial Advisor

The occupation of personal financial advisor can be one of the most rewarding careers in accounting. Financial advisors use their expertise to assist individuals in planning for significant life events , such as marriage, children, home buying, and retirement. By breaking down complex financial and investment information, these professionals empower clients to make decisions to increase wealth and impact families for generations. It’s essential for personal advisors to possess the following skills:

• Investment evaluation
• Goal setting
• Portfolio assessment
• Retirement planning
• Risk management

The BLS reports a median salary of $99,580 per year for personal financial advisors, and the top 10% of experienced professionals in this occupation earn $239,200 or more. Due to the growing population of people 65 and older, this occupation is also expanding at a faster-than-average pace to meet an increased need for retirement and investment planning. Demand for personal financial advisors is expected to grow 13% between 2022 and 2032 , resulting in about 25,600 openings per year. 6

Common degrees for personal financial advisors include business, accounting, and mathematics. A master’s in accounting can help you both get started and advance in this career by delivering the financial expertise and business acumen that lead to success. You may also need one or more of the following licenses and registrations based on the specific position you pursue:

• State regulator registration (varies by state)
• U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) registration
• North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) license
• Certified Financial Planner designation

Budget Analyst

Organizations rely on budget analysts to plan and monitor their finances . To keep a business financially healthy, people in this occupation collaborate with other team members and departments to create the budget, plan for future expenses, review proposals, analyze plans, and manage spending. Budget analysts must be well-versed in the following areas:

• Budget development
• Budget monitoring
• Cost-benefit analysis
• Financial planning
• Regulatory compliance
• Spending analysis

The budget analyst occupation is a typical career in accounting, with these professionals working across a range of industries. Budget analysts earn a median annual salary of $84,940, with the top 10% of earners making $131,630 or more per year. 7 Professionals in this occupation work in a variety of environments, but the five highest paying employers of budget analysts include 7 :

• Professional, scientific, and technical services
• Federal government
• Local government
• State government
• Education services

A degree in accounting, economics, or statistics is typically required for a career in budget analysis, and many employers prefer candidates with a master’s degree. Earning a master’s in accounting can help you move to a career as a budget analyst or move up the ladder if you already work in this or a similar occupation.

Explore the Human Side of Accounting

At Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, earning an accounting master’s degree means more than becoming an expert in the latest economic trends. As a student in the online Master of Science in Accounting program, you’ll gain the soft skills and business acumen needed to become a trusted and ethical leader. This program is also ideal for career switchers, as it prepares graduates with the financial expertise they need to enter the top master’s in accounting jobs.

No matter where you are on your journey, you can take the next step toward your ideal accounting career today. Learn more about the online master’s in accounting from Saint Mary’s.

• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook. “Business and Financial Occupations.” April 17, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024 from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/home.htm .
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook. “Accountants and Auditors.” April 17, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024 from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/accountants-and-auditors.htm .
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook. “Management Occupations.” April 17, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024 from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/home.htm .
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook. “Financial Managers.” April 17, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024 from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/financial-managers.htm .
• Payscale. “Average Accounting Director Salary.” Retrieved May 23, 2024 from https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Accounting_Director/Salary .
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook. “Personal Financial Advisors.” April 17, 2024. Retrieved May 7, 2024 from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/personal-financial-advisors.htm .
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook. “Budget Analysts.” April 17, 2024. Retrieved May 7, 2024 from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/budget-analysts.htm .

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ACCT7333 - Analytical Research in Accounting and Economics

ACCT 7333 Analytical Research in Accounting and Economics (3 semester credit hours) Presents a detailed study of economics based analytical research in accounting. Emphasis is on a clear understanding of theoretical paradigms, modeling issues, interpretation of the results, and empirical applications of analytical models. Topics will include the role of information for valuation, contracting, and performance evaluation, and analysis of financial and non-financial performance measurement. Empirical implications will be discussed. May be repeated for credit as topics vary (9 semester credit hours maximum). Additional prerequisites may be required depending on the specific course topic. (3-0) T

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Experts gather from around the world for labor and accounting conference at UB

By Jacqueline Molik Ghosen

Release Date: May 28, 2024

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• 9/14/22 Accounting and Law Department
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• 4/22/24 Strategic Initiatives: Business Analytics

BUFFALO, N.Y. — The University at Buffalo School of Management hosted the fourth annual Labor and Accounting Group Conference April 18-20, bringing together leading academic researchers to discuss topics at the intersection of labor economics and accounting. 

Organizers welcomed 60 attendees from around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Canada and across the U.S., to share current research from a quickly growing field. 

Topics included how technological investments in accounting are shaping the demand for accountants; how the current shortage in accountants is impairing efficient resource allocation; the effect of gender diversity in boards of directors on women’s employment outcomes; and the roles of expertise and teamwork on firm performance. 

Presenters and participants ranged from established leaders in accounting research at such prestigious institutions as MIT, Stanford, Cornell and University of Pennsylvania to doctoral students, giving attendees the opportunity to network and share knowledge across experience levels. 

Participants from outside the area got a taste of what the Buffalo Niagara region has to offer, including the city’s famous wings, dinner in Silo City and a trip to Niagara Falls. 

Michael Dambra, associate professor, and Brandon Szerwo, assistant professor, organized the event. Szerwo and Joshua Khavis, assistant professor, served on the program committee to select the conference’s content. All three are in the School of Management’s Accounting and Law Department.

Previously, the conference has been hosted by Stanford University, Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Texas at Dallas. 

“Bringing together distinguished scholars and emerging researchers from around the world enriches our academic communities,” says Ananth Iyer, dean of the School of Management. “It also fosters innovative solutions to pressing challenges in the field.”

Now in its 100th year, the UB School of Management is recognized for its emphasis on real-world learning, community and impact, and the global perspective of its faculty, students and alumni. The school also has been ranked by Bloomberg Businessweek, Forbes and U.S. News & World Report for the quality of its programs and the return on investment it provides its graduates. For more information about the UB School of Management, visit management.buffalo.edu .

Media Contact Information

Contact Jacqueline Molik Ghosen Assistant Dean and Director of Communications School of Management 716-645-2833 [email protected]

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