Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra [lower-alpha 1] , commonly shortened to Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast ). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census . [4] Its administrative center is located at Khanty-Mansiysk .
Demographics, settlements, ethnic groups, vital statistics, external links.
The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi , known collectively as Ob-Ugric peoples , but today the two groups only constitute 2.5% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty and Mansi , are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family, and enjoy a special status in the autonomous okrug. Russian remains the only official language.
In 2012, the majority (51%) [7] of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world. It borders Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the north, Komi Republic to the northwest, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the west, Tyumen Oblast to the south, Tomsk Oblast to the south and southeast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the east.
The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug ( Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг ). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug . In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR , it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). In 2003, the word " Yugra " was appended to the official name. [8]
The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain .
Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributaries Irtysh and Vatinsky Yogan . There are numerous lakes in the okrug, the largest ones are Numto , Tormemtor , Leushinsky Tuman and Tursuntsky Tuman , among others. [9]
The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Population : 1,674,676 (2020); [10] 1,532,243 ( 2010 Russian census ) ; [4] 1,432,817 ( 2002 Census ) ; [11] 1,268,439 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . [12]
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km 2 , but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk , but the largest cities are Surgut , Nizhnevartovsk , and Nefteyugansk .
| |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Pop. | ||||||||
| 1 | 380,632 | |||||||
2 | 277,668 | ||||||||
3 | 127,255 | ||||||||
4 | 101,466 | ||||||||
5 | 67,727 | ||||||||
6 | 58,565 | ||||||||
7 | 46,643 | ||||||||
8 | 44,646 | ||||||||
9 | 43,666 | ||||||||
10 | 39,570 |
Year | ||
---|---|---|
1939 | 92,932 | — |
1959 | 123,926 | +33.4% |
1970 | 271,157 | +118.8% |
1979 | 569,139 | +109.9% |
1989 | 1,268,439 | +122.9% |
2002 | 1,432,817 | +13.0% |
2010 | 1,532,243 | +6.9% |
2021 | 1,711,480 | +11.7% |
Source: Census data |
The Indigenous population ( Khanty , Mansi , Komi , and Nenets ) is only 2.8% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2021 Census counted 17 ethnic groups of more than five thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:
Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug: [13]
Ethnic Group | Population | % |
---|---|---|
888,660 | 70.3% | |
79,727 | 6.3% | |
41,596 | 3.3% | |
29,717 | 2.4% | |
21,791 | 1.7% | |
21,259 | 1.7% | |
19,568 | 1.5% | |
15,268 | 1.2% | |
13,669 | 1.1% | |
12,361 | 1.0% | |
11,065 | 0.9% | |
9,990 | 0.8% | |
7,786 | 0.6% | |
7,085 | 0.6% | |
6,156 | 0.5% | |
5,562 | 0.4% | |
5,297 | 0.4% | |
Other | 48,194 | 3.8% |
Historical population figures are shown below:
Ethnic group | 1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census | 2021 Census | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
12,238 | 13.1% | 11,435 | 9.2% | 12,222 | 4.5% | 11,219 | 2.0% | 11,892 | 0.9% | 17,128 | 1.2% | 19,068 | 1.3% | 19,568 | 1.6% | |
5,768 | 6.2% | 5,644 | 4.6% | 6,684 | 2.5% | 6,156 | 1.1% | 6,562 | 0.5% | 9,894 | 0.7% | 10,977 | 0.8% | 11,065 | 0.9% | |
852 | 0.9% | 815 | 0.7% | 940 | 0.3% | 1,003 | 0.2% | 1,144 | 0.1% | 1,290 | 0.1% | 1,438 | 0.1% | 1,381 | 0.1% | |
2,436 | 2.6% | 2,803 | 2.3% | 3,150 | 1.2% | 3,105 | 0.5% | 3,000 | 0.2% | 3,081 | 0.2% | 2,364 | 0.2% | 2,618 | 0.2% | |
67,616 | 72.5% | 89,813 | 72.5% | 208,500 | 76.9% | 423,792 | 74.3% | 850,297 | 66.3% | 946,590 | 66.1% | 973,978 | 68.1% | 888,660 | 70.3% | |
1,111 | 1.2% | 4,363 | 3.5% | 9,986 | 3.7% | 45,484 | 8.0% | 148,317 | 11.6% | 123,238 | 8.6% | 91,323 | 6.4% | 41,596 | 3.3% | |
2,227 | 2.4% | 2,938 | 2.4% | 14,046 | 5.2% | 36,898 | 6.5% | 97,689 | 7.6% | 107,637 | 7.5% | 108,899 | 7.6% | 79,727 | 6.3% | |
Others | 1,026 | 1.1% | 6,115 | 4.9% | 15,629 | 5.8% | 43,106 | 7.6% | 163,495 | 12.7% | 223,959 | 15.6% | 173,536 | 15.5% | 219,465 | 17.3% |
102,138 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group. |
Source: [15]
Average population (× 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Fertility rates | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1970 | 281 | 5 959 | 2 025 | 3 934 | 21.2 | 7.2 | 14.0 | |
1975 | 415 | 9 450 | 2 572 | 6 878 | 22.8 | 6.2 | 16.6 | |
1980 | 649 | 13 901 | 4 116 | 9 785 | 21.4 | 6.3 | 15.1 | |
1985 | 1 041 | 25 130 | 4 863 | 20 267 | 24.1 | 4.7 | 19.5 | |
1990 | 1 274 | 21 812 | 5 354 | 16 458 | 17.1 | 4.2 | 12.9 | |
1991 | 1 276 | 19 060 | 5 884 | 13 176 | 14.9 | 4.6 | 10.3 | |
1992 | 1 270 | 15 849 | 7 132 | 8 717 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 6.9 | |
1993 | 1 274 | 14 531 | 9 401 | 5 130 | 11.4 | 7.4 | 4.0 | 1,59 |
1994 | 1 286 | 15 120 | 9 937 | 5 183 | 11.8 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 1,59 |
1995 | 1 298 | 14 418 | 10 041 | 4 377 | 11.1 | 7.7 | 3.4 | 1,46 |
1996 | 1 310 | 14 469 | 9 508 | 4 961 | 11.0 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 1,39 |
1997 | 1 330 | 14 640 | 8 497 | 6 143 | 11.0 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 1,34 |
1998 | 1 351 | 15 600 | 8 164 | 7 436 | 11.5 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 1,39 |
1999 | 1 359 | 14 728 | 8 476 | 6 252 | 10.8 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 1,29 |
2000 | 1 372 | 15 579 | 9 426 | 6 153 | 11.4 | 6.9 | 4.5 | 1,34 |
2001 | 1 398 | 17 130 | 9 863 | 7 267 | 12.3 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 1,43 |
2002 | 1 426 | 19 051 | 9 829 | 9 222 | 13.4 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 1,54 |
2003 | 1 445 | 19 883 | 10 000 | 9 883 | 13.8 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 1,58 |
2004 | 1 456 | 20 377 | 9 828 | 10 549 | 14.0 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 1,59 |
2005 | 1 466 | 19 958 | 10 415 | 9 543 | 13.6 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 1,54 |
2006 | 1 476 | 20 366 | 10 077 | 10 289 | 13.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 1,56 |
2007 | 1 487 | 21 887 | 10 093 | 11 794 | 14.7 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 1,66 |
2008 | 1 500 | 23 197 | 10 215 | 12 982 | 15.5 | 6.8 | 8.7 | 1,74 |
2009 | 1 513 | 23 840 | 10 107 | 13 733 | 15.8 | 6.7 | 9.1 | 1,77 |
2010 | 1 527 | 25 089 | 10 447 | 14 642 | 16.4 | 6.8 | 9.6 | 1,84 |
2011 | 1 543 | 25 335 | 10 072 | 14 642 | 16.4 | 6.5 | 9.9 | 1,86 |
2012 | 1 558 | 27 686 | 9 949 | 17 737 | 17.6 | 6.3 | 11.3 | 2,02 |
Religion in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
38.1% | ||||
Other | 5.5% | |||
11% | ||||
and other native faiths | 0.9% | |||
23.1% | ||||
and | 11% | |||
Other and undeclared | 10.4% |
According to a 2012 survey [16] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims (mostly Tatars ) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious , 11% is atheist , and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. [16] According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut. [18]
In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.
Khanty-Mansiysk is a city in west-central Russia. Technically, it is situated on the eastern bank of the Irtysh River, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from its confluence with the Ob, in the oil-rich region of Western Siberia. Though it is an independent city, Khanty-Mansiysk also functions as the administrative centre of Khanty-Mansiysky District, and the administrative center of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra.
Nyagan is a town in the northwest of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located near the Ob River and 230 kilometers (140 mi) northwest of Khanty-Mansiysk. It is named after the Nyagan-Yugan River, a tributary of the Ob River. Population: 63,034 (2021 Census) ; 54,890 (2010 Russian census) ; 52,610 (2002 Census) ; 54,061 (1989 Soviet census) .
Megion is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, Russia, located at the altitude of 45 meters (148 ft) above sea level, on the right bank of the Ob River, 380 kilometers (240 mi) east of Khanty-Mansiysk and 760 kilometers (470 mi) northeast of Tyumen. The area of the town is 50.51 square kilometers (19.50 sq mi) and the nearest airport is in Nizhnevartovsk. Population: 49,449 (2010 Russian census) ; 46,566 ; 39,783 (1989 Soviet census) .
Yugorsk is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located in the northwestern part of the East-West lowland, 420 kilometers (260 mi) from Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 34,067 (2010 Russian census) ; 30,285 (2002 Census) ; 24,928 (1989 Soviet census) .
Sovetsky is a town and the administrative center of Sovetsky District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located 470 kilometers (290 mi) west of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 26,495 (2010 Russian census) ; 23,230 (2002 Census) ; 21,123 (1989 Soviet census) .
Lyantor is a town in Surgutsky District of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Pim River, 625 kilometers (388 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 38,992 (2010 Russian census) ; 33,011 (2002 Census) ; 22,071 (1989 Soviet census) .
Pokachi is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the right bank of the Vatyegan River, 350 kilometers (220 mi) east of Khanty-Mansiysk and 800 kilometers (500 mi) northeast of Tyumen. Population: 17,171 (2010 Russian census) ; 17,017 (2002 Census) ; 11,536 (1989 Soviet census) .
Kogalym is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Inguyagun River 325 kilometres (202 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 58,181 (2010 Russian census) ; 55,367 (2002 Census) ; 44,297 (1989 Soviet census) .
Beloyarsky is a town and the administrative center of Beloyarsky District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Kazim River, northwest of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 20,283 (2010 Russian census) ; 18,721 (2002 Census) ; 20,534 (1989 Soviet census) .
Raduzhny is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Agan River, 475 kilometers (295 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk and 975 kilometers (606 mi) northeast of Tyumen. Population: 43,399 (2010 Russian census) ; 47,060 ; 43,726.
Pyt-Yakh is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the east bank of the Bolshoy Balyk River, southeast of Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 41,488 (2010 Russian census) ; 41,813 (2002 Census) ; 17,101 (1989 Soviet census) .
Beloyarsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 41,574 square kilometers (16,052 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Beloyarsky. Population: 9,766 ; 9,493 (2002 Census) ; 8,927 (1989 Soviet census) .
Khanty-Mansiysky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 46,400 square kilometers (17,900 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Khanty-Mansiysk. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,362.
Kondinsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the autonomous okrug. The district is 55,170 square kilometers (21,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Mezhdurechensky. Population: 34,494 ; 35,018 (2002 Census) ; 36,640 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Mezhdurechensky accounts for 32.1% of the district's total population.
Nizhnevartovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The area of the district is 118,500 square kilometers (45,800 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhnevartovsk. Population: 35,745 ; 33,508 (2002 Census) ; 28,288 (1989 Soviet census) .
Oktyabrsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 24,500 square kilometers (9,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Oktyabrskoye. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 32,224, with the population of Oktyabrskoye accounting for 11.3% of that number.
Sovetsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 29,768.74 square kilometers (11,493.77 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sovetsky. Population: 48,059 ; 44,720 (2002 Census) ; 73,247 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of the administrative center accounts for 55.1% of the district's total population.
Surgutsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 105,190 square kilometers (40,610 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Surgut. Population: 113,515 ; 106,624 (2002 Census) ; 74,685 (1989 Soviet census) .
Uray a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, located on the Konda River 350 kilometres (220 mi) from Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 39,457 (2010 Russian census) ; 38,872 (2002 Census) ; 37,198 (1989 Soviet census) .
Agirish is an urban-type settlement in Sovetsky District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Population: 2,856 (2010 Russian census) ; 2,831 (2002 Census) ; 3,592 (1989 Soviet census) .
(48) | |
---|---|
(24) | |
(9) | |
(4) | |
(3) | |
(1) | |
Considered by most of the international community to be part of . Administratively subordinated to . Administratively subordinated to . |
(by ) (by ) (by ) |
of | |||
---|---|---|---|
: • | |||
Districts | |||
Cities and towns | |||
IMAGES
COMMENTS
Best of all — you can get started today! Just download our free real estate business plan template and add your own goals, projections, expenses and data. Don't forget to update it regularly to accurately track your progress, evolve with the market and stay current with your target client's needs. Download. All agent tools.
Creating a business plan may seem daunting, but by understanding your business and market fully, you can create a plan that generates success (however you choose to define it). Real Estate Business Plans - Samples, Instructional Guides, and Templates. 9 Steps to Writing a Real Estate Business Plan + Templates (The Close, Apr. 3, 2024)
Industry Overview. Research says the global real estate agent and brokerage market are expected to grow from $960.12 billion in 2020 to $1008.95 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1%. Also, the market is expected to reach $1351.1 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 8%. The above figure suggests It is a great market to be in ...
Community: Building strong, vibrant communities and giving back. Clearly defining your mission, vision, and values lays the foundation for a strong and purposeful real estate business that will help you positively impact your clients' lives and your community. 2. Analyze Your Real Estate Market.
Download your free 10 step real estate agent business plan template PDF. This simple step-by-step process will guide new real estate agents and growing agents. In this business plan for real estate agents, you will reverse engineer your goals down to the number of people you need to meet on a daily basis, you will focus on streams of business ...
Real estate agent business plan example. A real estate agent business plan is a strategic document that outlines the operations and goals of a real estate agent or agency. It is a crucial tool for communicating with potential lenders, partners or shareholders about the nature of the business and its potential for profitability.
Create a business plan. Every real estate practice needs a business plan. The plan defines your values and strengths, your business goals, and clarifies where you excel as an agent and what kind of practice you intend to operate both near-term and long-term. Your business plan creates a roadmap that also determines your marketing plan and ...
Get your free 9 step real estate business plan template today! Feel free to modify it to suit your unique characteristics and needs. +971 4 457 8200. WhatsApp. Refer & Earn. Promotions. ... Provide details on where your own real estate agent or business is based and where it operates. Discuss why these locations have been chosen.
If you're looking to become a realtor or grow your existing real estate agency business you need a business plan. A business plan will help you raise funding, if needed, and plan out the growth of your real estate agency in order to improve your chances of success. Update your business plan regularly as your agency grows and changes.
Milestones. Secure initial funding - June 1, 2023. Establish office space and infrastructure - July 1, 2023. Hire and onboard real estate agents - August 1, 2023. Launch website and social media presence - September 1, 2023. Close first property transaction - October 31, 2023. Expand team and service offerings - January 1, 2025.
Business Plan. Creating a comprehensive business plan is crucial for launching and running a successful real estate agency. This plan serves as your roadmap, detailing your vision, operational strategies, and financial plan. It helps establish your real estate agency's identity, navigate the competitive market, and secure funding for growth.
A real estate agent business plan is essential for success in today's competitive market. It helps you set clear goals, define your vision, and outline the steps to achieve short-term and long-term objectives. As a real estate professional, having a well-crafted business plan can be the difference between being a top producer and struggling to...
Chris brings deep expertise having held influential industry positions including CEO of mellohome and former CEO of Keller Williams Realty International. Last Updated: 12/29/2023. 12 Steps to Create the Best Real Estate Business Plan: 1. Determine Your Business Model; 2. Identify Who You Are; 3.
The market size, measured by revenue, of the Real Estate Sales and brokerage industry, is $156.2bn in 2021, and the industry is expected to increase by 0.4% in 2021. Also, the market is changing at a rapid rate and the way people use spaces is changing at a rapid rate too. Hence, to get on or stay on the higher end of the spectrum you'll need ...
May 25, 2021. A real estate agent business plan is a document that outlines your comprehensive strategy to grow your real estate business. It outlines important milestones of your approach, identifying what your goals are and how you will achieve them. Because of the nature of the real estate business, you can construct plans as a broker, agent ...
Free Download:Real Estate Business PlanEvery business needs a plan to succeed; a plan gets you and your team on the same. page and heading in the right direction.A good real estate business plan shows you where you are today, where y. u want to be and how you'll get there. It also helps you measure your performance, and recognize where and wh ...
Step 1: Define Your "Why" for your Real Estate Agent Business Plan. Your "why", or reason for creating this business and pursuing this career will be the foundation for how you run your business. Think of this as your mission and vision. Without this step, you risk losing a vision and purpose, which will in turn confuse and deter clients.
Sample Business Plan for Real Estate Agents. Below is an example for each of the key elements of a real estate business plan that you can use to create your own well-crafted business plan: Executive Summary Business Overview. Barbara Brooks is a newly-licensed real estate agent in Malibu, California.
But if you want to hop on the fast track, download the 2024 Real Estate Business Plan and you can get started right away. This free, interactive guide from Market Leader covers everything on that checklist and more. Plus, you'll get downloadable templates for calculating expenses, setting goals, planning your marketing, and tracking progress.
Then look at the requirements to start a real estate business and determine who the major competitors are. From there, analyze the growth outlook. These details will all help you create an effective real estate business plan. Step #2. Create a Real Estate Business Plan. Creating a real estate business plan is an essential step.
Label. Description. Also known as. English. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. federal subject of Russia. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Ugra. KMAO.
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, commonly shortened to Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census. Its administrative center is located at Khanty-Mansiysk. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - WikiMil
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Roushie: Ха́нты-Манси́йский автоно́мный о́круг — Югра́, Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug - Yugra), kent as Yugra an aw, is a federal subject o Roushie (an autonomous okrug o Tyumen Oblast).Population: 1,532,243 (2010 Census).[5]The people native tae the region are the Khanty an the Mansi, kent collectively as Ob Ugric ...
Digital elevation model extracted for a specific area. Geographically referenced regular raster at 30m resolution, elevation contours (topography) with given step and an elevation hillshade image.