critical analysis of education system in pakistan essay

Critical Analysis of the Education System in Pakistan

• Introduction

Definition of education

Goals of education.

• Private vs Government institutes
• Lack of uniformity

Outdated curriculum

• Lack of professional/quality/trained teachers
• Examination system
• Internal influences
• External influences
• Lack of resources
• A large number of dropouts
• Implementation of policies
• Fewer budgets
• Conclusion 

Introduction 

Education plays an important role in the advancement of a nation.

“When you have got that knowledge by means of education and when you have made yourselves strong economically and industrially, then you have got to prepared yourselves for defense, defense against external aggression and to maintain internal security” Quaid-e-Azam

(presidential address at the conference of Punjab Muslim federation, 2nd March 1947) 

“Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, developing skills, training, learning of moral values, beliefs or habits, etc. Education is important for every age. It is irrespective of caste, creed, or gender.  It is necessary for a stable life, self-independence, self-confidence, etc. it brings reforms on the political, social, and economic levels.” 

The education system was first decided to form in the national educational conference held in Karachi in 1947. The decision of this conference was that the education system would work according to the national aspirations of Pakistan. The leader of the nation Quaid-e-Azam Muhamad Ali Jinnah said that the main goal of the education system is to develop the national character of the Pakistani generation. The national character, here, meant a high sense of responsibility, social integrity, and selfless service to the nation and to the country.

At that time many educational committees were formed. But the rules and policy implementation criteria were very poor. Pakistan instead of progressing suffered a lot. Parental participation is very crucial for ensuring quality aspects. Home is the first school of the child. So without parental involvement, there will be less effective implementation of policies that will remain a far cry. In Pakistan, nowadays the education system suffers a lack of budget, lack of implementation of policies, poor physical facilities, political interference, old and outdated curriculum, lack of research, lack of facilities like science labs and computer labs, dropout at a high level.

All these problems can be solved by providing adequate budget and proper policy implementation. Education is directly responsible for people’s development and growth in every sector.

Critical analysis

Pvt vs govt. sector.

The education system is divided into two sectors. PVT and Govt. sector which promotes discrimination among people. The private sector is usually attracted by the elite class who can afford to send their children to expensive schools and don’t compromise on the quality of education. On the other hand, government schools are of low quality due to lack of accountability, inadequate budget, lack of qualified and trained staff is also the main reason for the poor education system. This is the reason people always look for a good education for their children.

Lack of uniformity/poor

The most important problem is also the lack of a single uniform education system. Different education systems are working in society, e.g: Madrassas, private schools, or govt. Schools. These are not working on uniform principles. These institutes have their own curriculum. And also a different environment. So, due to these reasons, the pace of polarization is accelerated in society. And due to this polarization, there is a huge social division in the social, political, or economic ground. The purpose of education is to bring national unity but this polarized system brought differences and gaps among the nation. And the circumstances further leading the division on the linguistic and regional ground which is gradually demolishing cohesion.

The curriculum is a vital component through which goals of education can be achieved. But the curriculum of the education system in Pakistan does not meet the demands of present times. It is an outdated curriculum which only compels the learners to memorization of certain facts and figures. No further improvements are made according to the time and modern world. So this curriculum is unable to achieve the basic need for education. A curriculum should be based on research work, psychological, philosophical, and sociological foundations of education. Without practical work, research work, and adequate scientific knowledge, we cannot compete with the rest of the world. This curriculum only emphasizes memory or theory.

Lack of Professional/Quality/Trained teachers

Teacher’s important role in the education system. Without teachers, an education system cannot work. Professional/trained teachers are essential for quality performances. There are very small opportunities for training. Although there were different teacher training institutes formed now either these institutes are not well-resourced or being poor due to lack of pf funds/administrators. Thus, the consequences of their skills are not well-reformed and unskilled. According to research, teachers do not use new methods or strategies of teaching.

Teachers encourage students to cram for the subjects. They don’t teach students how to work in science labs or how to use the equipment. They do not encourage the use of the libraries, and also do not develop reading habits in students. Teachers just ze the students rely on cramming to pass the examination. Teachers are responsible for all this mess.

Dropouts at a high level

Due to the lack of effective management of the educational institutions, there is a lack of discipline which eventually results in alarming dropouts. The reasons for dropouts from the education system in Pakistan are maybe, the punishments in schools, poor motivating environment, poor infrastructure of schools, and also weak parenting plays a huge role in school dropouts. This trend adds more to illiteracy rates as well.

System of examination

The examination is the process of evaluation of a student’s learnings. An examination should evaluate the students from all aspects of learning but unfortunately, the education system of Pakistan only evaluates on the basis of memorization. There is another factor for a poor examination system which is internal/external force. These forces encourage the trend of illegal or unfair means of exams.

Lack of Resources

There are no sufficient resources in educational institutes of Pakistan. Educational resources like laboratories, libraries, books, etc. Are not available in appropriate amounts. Other than the resources like books, there is also a lack of educational institutes according to the students, ill-equipped labs, and inadequate teachers also responsible for the poor education system.

Policy implementations

Policy implementation is also another reason for the poor education system. After the independence of Pakistan, different policies were formed to be implemented but could not be implemented in true sense. The different causes of poor policy implementation, lack of funds, lack of resources, corruption, political interference, etc.

Low budgets

The main reason for every department to flourish is the proper sufficient financial resources. The successive government of Pakistan, allocating less than 2.5% of the total budget of Pakistan which is insufficient for the education system to fulfill the needs of.

In many developing countries, the budget for the education system has increased but in Pakistan, it is decreasing day by day. According to the research of the International crisis group, Pakistan is amongst those 12 countries that spent less than 2% of their GPT on the education sector. With the insufficient financial condition, it is impossible for the education system to achieve the goals of education in level.

Corruption is ruining the education system of Pakistan. There is a weak level of accountability and check/balance in the education system, which encourages many illegal practices in students, teachers, or in examination systems e.g use of authority illegally, unnecessary favors promotions, and decision making. The examination system also experiences illegal external/internal favors for students and also the members of the education system.

The education system develops nations. It is important in all domains of life such as social, spiritual, political, or economic. The reason for the development of countries is having an established education system. But in Pakistan, the education system is not playing a vital role in nation-building due to various factors. 

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Essay Outline: Critical Analysis of Education Systems in Pakistan (By: Mureed Hussain CSP)

Table of Contents

Essay Outline for CSS Exams

Title: critical analysis of education systems in pakistan.

1. Introduction: a. Essential for prosperity and stability b. Make vision c. Infuse objectivity d. Establish national integration

2. Multidimensional Education Systems in Pakistan (Government, Private and Madarsaas) 3. Private Education Systems: a. Strengths i. Higher Student to Faculty Ratio ii. Higher Salary Attracts more Competent Educators iii. Higher Collaboration with Private Corporations iv. Flexible and Expansive Work Hours v. More Competition Amongst Private Institutions vi. More focus on extra-curricular activities vii. Higher Quality of Research b. Weaknesses i. Range of students that can benefit is low ii. Varying Examination systems : Ed-excel , Cambridge , London Board iii. Paucity of institutes in rural areas

4. Public Education Systems: a. Strengths i. Responsibility of government under constitution ii. Schools even in rural areas iii. Affordable education iv. More need based scholarships b. Weaknesses i. Apathetical role of government ii. Burgeoning population results in iii. Lack of resources iv. Ineffective educational infrastructure v. Variations in Curriculum vi. Examination system non reliable

5. Madrassa System: a. Strengths i. Numerous institutes spread across the country ii. Free education iii. Provision of food as well as accommodation iv. Religious learning b. Weaknesses i. No regulation of curriculum ii. Basic level education with a narrow focus iii. Different Madrassas propagate different ideologies iv. Deprived from modern education v. No defined career path

6. Suggestions to Reform Education System in Pakistan: a. Uniform system of examination b. Setting a minimum salary standard for teachers c. Setting a Limit on Fees the Private Institutes can charge d. Strengthening education councils e. Registering Madrassas f. Modern Education system for madrassa students

7. Conclusion

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Critical analysis of the problems of education in Pakistan: possible solutions

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Critical Analysis of the Problems of Education in Pakistan Possible Solutions

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A Critical Analysis of the Education System in Pakistan

• February 1, 2023
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Write a 200 words paragraph on A Critical Analysis of the education system in Pakistan | The following topic was asked in the English Precis and Composition Paper of PMS 2019

Anum Saba   has attempted this 200-word paragraph on the given pattern, which Sir  Syed Kazim Ali  teaches his students, who have consistently been qualifying their CSS and PMS essays. The paragraph is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn how to write a 200-word paragraph; how to put arguments in it; how to connect sentences and give transitions; how to write a topic sentence; how to put evidence within the paragraph. 

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Education makes a nation progress and achieves what it aspires for. However, when a nation lacks quality education, it must dance to foreigners’ tunes. Coming towards Pakistan’s education system, it faces numerous challenges that negatively impact its effectiveness and efficiency. First, the system is plagued by significant disparities in access to education, particularly for girls and marginalized communities in rural areas. This disparity is due to several factors, including poverty, cultural attitudes, and a lack of government investment in education. Second, the quality of education in Pakistan remains poor, with many schools lacking basic facilities and teachers often being underqualified. This is partly because the education sector is underfunded and lacks a sufficient budget to hire highly qualified teachers and improve school infrastructure. Third, the education system is heavily centralized, with the federal government controlling key policies and decision-making processes, leaving little room for local autonomy and innovation. Finally, there is a lack of accountability within the education system, leading to inefficiencies and resource waste. Despite these challenges, there have been some efforts to improve the education system in Pakistan, including introducing free education for girls and developing private schools. Still, much more must be done to address the systemic issues holding back the education sector. In conclusion, a critical analysis of the education system in Pakistan highlights the need for significant reforms to improve access, quality, and accountability in the sector if the country is to provide quality education to all its citizens.

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