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Supply Chain Management, Essay Example

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Supply chain management has a great impact on all areas of business. It affects customer satisfaction in a way that people get products in time. It also has an impact on cost savings projects and overall productivity. Indeed, a company is not able to produce an income or profits until the product or service is delivered and paid by the customer.

Supply chain management has one single goal: to manage the chain of supply through the system matching it with the demand of the market. This often involves advanced communication among different suppliers and departments, prediction or reporting of production, delivery. The end result should be to deliver the right product at the right time at the lowest possible cost for the customer’s highest level of satisfaction.

While production management and process improvement methods covered previously within the course are useful, if the product does not arrive at its final destination: in the hands of the end-user, the company fails to meet the market demand.

The main challenges calling for effective supply chain management are: global competition, outsourcing of processes and manufacturing, e-commerce operations, shorter life cycles of products, greater complexity of supply chains and environmental concerns worldwide. Further, cost-advantage development needs to be considered through comparing the cost of inventory with the final price paid by customers. The main costs to be monitored are capital costs, storage costs and risk costs related to holding inventory.

The main difficulty the designers of supply chain management face is the “bullwhip effect”. The fluctuation of production within the supply chain, delivery, lead times and market demand are not level, and the more complicated the chain is the harder it is to manage this phenomenon. A close monitoring of capacity utilization, speed of the product going through the supply chain and the variation of demand throughout time is an effective way of overcoming the bullwhip effect.

Supplier analysis and management is another method to ensure that products are delivered in time and the quantities match market demand. As Apple’s example shows, tracking parts and requesting detailed reports, predictions from suppliers is an effective preventive measure used to eliminate faults within the supply chain. Auditing suppliers while maintaining effective communication and relationships is also essential.

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Logistics and Supply Chain Management

The economy of scale and economy of distance, goals for effective multi-channel logistics operation, decision areas in supply chain, functions performed by successful supply chain.

The economy of scale refers to a decrease in the cost per unit weight of the oil and products transported as the shipment size increases. For instance, a high-capacity vehicle can carry a large amount of oil and products, minimizing trips to transport total capacity hence low cost incurred (Anca, 2019, p. 210). However, economies of distance refer to the reduction in transportation cost as the distance increases. The more range the vehicle covers, the cheaper its transportation cost becomes due to fixed price over long distances (Anca, 2019, p. 212). Therefore, the distinction is that economy of scale results from increasing the shipment size while economy distance stems from long distance coverage.

Sale increase through inbound and outbound logistics for a firm to increase its marketability. Inbound logistics refers to activities associated with obtaining necessary inputs from the suppliers. The firm needs to keep tracking products to ensure that there are no delays in its timelines (Azmi et al., 2017, p. 73). Whenever delay occurs in delivering the product, unavailability is realized leading to a reduction in the firm’s production efficiency. Outbound logistics involve a firm delivering its products to its customers. For instance, damages, lateness, and wrong products delivery to consumers lead to product rejection leading to incurring extra costs (Azmi et al., 2017, p. 74). Therefore, proper inbound and outbound monitoring is essential to increase the sale of a firm by supply chain managers for effective operations.

Increasing the effectiveness of a company requires its managers to meet the operation efficiency demands in the supply chain. A manager should ensure that the products are innovatively designed to meet the customers’ specifications to avoid the loss associated with returning them (Azmi et al., 2017, p. 74). Moreover, logistics efficiency can be improved by having adequate delivery facilities during all periods. Well-defined procedures between the consumers and the firm should be enacted to avoid the costs that arise due to failure in agreement (Azmi et al., 2017, p. 75). Furthermore, managers can put both their inbound and outbound freight together to avoid incurring different transportation expenses.

Building a good relationship between the carrier and the retailer involved in the supply process is necessary for proper logistics operations. The success of the management results from the time taken to deliver the product, the total cost incurred, and the transporter’s service towards the retailer. Depending on one carrier may result in running a lot of losses by the firm when there is an interruption. Therefore, the company needs to determine whether to use single or many carriers (Azmi et al., 2017, p. 76). The management should also establish a good guideline with the carrier to aid industrial goals’ achievement.

Improvement of the services rendered to the customers for effective logistics operation of the company is essential. The management needs to meet expectations and specifications from its customers to achieve their objectives. In most cases where the customers return the products, the firm should incur the costs of exchanging the commodity. The firm’s goodwill is essential in maintaining the customers, hence the need to guard it well (Azmi et al., 2017, p. 76). Consumers contribute significantly to the firm’s success in achieving the organizational goals hence the necessity for proper service delivery.

Effective flow of the information is essential in achieving the effective operation of the supply chain. The management should know the inventories in possession, the transit of stocks and what the customers require. The flow of information between the company and the customers should be suitable for proper operations. Furthermore, meeting the objective of adequate knowledge ensures that the firm is operating as per the customer’s specification (Azmi et al., 2017, pp. 74-75). Hence, effective logistic management operation by the leaders requires a reliable communication plan.

Location is an essential element that the supply chain manager needs to consider while planning. Before creating the supply chain, the manager should determine the specific production areas, storage points, and where to deliver the products. For example, accompanying supplying computers to a research organization should strategically raise its retail shops in the nearest town (Liu et al., 2019, p. 29). Hence it is essential to determine a proper area of establishing activities of the firm.

The managers need to decide on the production process of the company before establishing the supply chain. The managers should clearly state the commodity to be provided by the firm. For instance, industry-producing clothes should identify the supplier of cotton as a raw material (Liu et al., 2019, p. 32). Through making a good decision on the factors of production, the supply chain is easily and effectively operated.

The supply chain deals with the shipment of the products making transportation decisions essential. The managers should determine the process of allocating the firm’s product to different markets. For example, the decision should be made on the reliable means of transport like road, air or ship. The cost incurred in transportation needs to be established to decide on the most convenient means of delivering the product to the market (Liu et al., 2019, p. 35). Thus, the transportation decision for a supply chain manager is important.

The managers need to pay attention to the inventory decision in the supply chain. The managers should ensure that stocks are effectively used and maintained. Through proper usage and management of the inventories, running out of stock is eradicated. The setting of the economic order quantity, reorder level, and stock level safety are critical decisions that the managers should establish in the supply chain (Liu et al., 2019, p. 39). By ensuring proper management, the expected working level of the supply chain is achieved.

Operations decisions are vital to supply chain management. For instance, the firms need to establish how they will deal with their customers on the basis of monthly, weekly, or daily timelines. The duration taken to deliver a product to its designated point need to be considered. Management should make decisions on how to deal with the return products and how to treat their customers (Liu et al., 2019, p. 38). Making proper decisions on the operations of the company is essential for achieving the set objectives.

The supply chain plays a vital role in the market among the sellers and buyers. For instance, the purchase of inputs is accomplished through the supply chain. Normally, firms require raw materials to facilitate the production processes. It is hard for the inputs to reach the firm without proper coordination (Ka and Ab, 2019, p. 41). Hence, through the supply chain, the purchase of input is achieved by the firm.

The operation of any company is made easy through the supply chain. For example, forecasting in the supply chain makes the right quantity to be produced for prospective consumers estimable. Approximation ensures that there is neither deficit nor surplus generated by the firm to the market (Ka and Ab, 2019, p. 41). Through proper evaluation in the supply chain, the operations of the firms are made efficient.

A successful supply chain also performs logistics functions. A firm that engages in production does not avail its products to the market immediately. For example, conducive stores should be availed where products don’t get spoiled before being released to the market. Alternatively, customers may not demand all the products at once, forcing the firm to have some in-store (Ka and Ab, 2019, p. 43). It implies that the supply chain ensures that the products are well kept until the consumers’ demand goes high.

Proper management of the resource is a function performed by the supply chain. Through the supply chain, resources are effectively allocated for production and retailing. For instance, the buyers should be identified by their geographical settings and products are distributed according to their preferences (Anca, 2019). Proper allocation of resources results in the reduction of additional expenses that stem from product return (Ka and Ab, 2019, p. 46). Thus, adequate management of the resources by the firm is achieved through the supply chain.

The supply chain also enhances the coordination process of the firm and its customers. Customers need to get in touch with the firm in cases of dissatisfaction with the products delivered. For instance, when a damaged product is delivered, the consumer can return it to the seller through the supply chain (Azmi et al., 2017, p. 74). Moreover, the supply chain coordinates the process from the time the product is issued until it reaches the intended buyer. For instance, in the transportation of oil and gas fuels, the supply chain ensures that the delivery point is reached.

Anca, V. (2019) ‘Logistics and supply chain management: an overview’, Studies in Business and Economics , 14(2), pp. 209-215.

Azmi I., Hamid, N. A., Hussin, M. N. M. and Ibrahim, N. I. (2017) ‘Logistics and supply chain management: the importance of integration for business processes’, Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 5(4), pp. 73-80.

Ka, J. M. R. and Ab, N. R. (2019) ‘A review on supply chain performance measurement systems’, Procedia Manufacturing, 30, pp. 40-47.

Liu, W., Wang, D., Long, S., Shen, X. and Shi, V. (2019) ‘Service supply chain management: a behavioral operations perspective’, Modern Supply Chain Research and Applications, 1(1), pp. 28-53.

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Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Logistics and supply chain management are two closely connected models vital for businesses to efficiently and successfully manage the flow of goods and services from suppliers to consumers. Logistics denotes the management of the physical flow of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption, which may also encompass transportation, storage, inventory management, and other connected activities (Anca, 2019). Logistics aims to enhance the delivery of goods and decrease costs, thus guaranteeing that goods are supplied to the customer on time while in good condition. On the other hand, supply chain management incorporates the broader network of actions involved in the whole supply chain, including production, procurement, and distribution. It encompasses managing the flow of information, materials, and finances from the point of origin to the point of consumption (Anca, 2019). SCM’s purpose is to enhance the supply chain, reduce costs, improve effectiveness, and improve customer gratification. Effective logistics and SCM necessitates the companies to develop strong collaboration and communication among all stakeholders tangled in the supply chain, such as suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers (Anca, 2019). Data analytics, automation, and digital platforms can also enhance logistics and SCM operations. This can benefit EcoWorld, which seeks to globalize its supply chain processes.

Risks and Benefits of Moving the Supply Chain to a Global Market

Globalizing a supply chain can be overwhelming for any organization but also presents many latent assistances. In the case of EcoWorld, some latent benefits of increasing its supply chain globally are access to new markets, diversification, cost savings, and expertise. As stated earlier, diversification is one of the essential benefits of globalizing the supply chain. By working with suppliers from diverse regions, EcoWorld can decrease its risk of supply chain disruptions. If any supplier meetings a problem, the company can, in return can, move to other suppliers from different areas, thus ensuring that production endures smoothly.

Additionally, it offers the company access to a broader range of resources and materials. Additionally, the company can access new markets by entering the European markets of Latervia and Rombia, thus helping it expand its consumer base and surge revenue. This offers a prospect for EcoWorld to tap into the growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly products in these new markets. By differentiating its consumer base, the company can also decrease its reliance on the US market, which may be more seasonal demand for its products.

Additionally, the company can achieve cost savings by finding lower-cost suppliers, thus helping it decrease its general production costs. This can be accomplished by taking advantage of the lower production costs in nations like Latervia and Rombia, where the company gets its glass-blowing expertise and other raw materials, thus leading to amplified financial performance, profitability and more competitive pricing. The company can also collaborate with suppliers in diverse locations, offering new insights, innovation and new expertise that can benefit the company. For instance, working with glass-blowing experts in Latervia can improve the value and design of EcoWorld’s products. This can aid the business in distinguishing its products from competitors, attract new consumers and surge its market share. However, despite the benefits posed by globalizing its processes, various potential risks are associated with globalizing the supply chain. These risks include supply chain disruptions, cultural and legal variances, quality control challenges, and cost increases. These risks could arise from new suppliers in diverse locations with diverse cultural practices, legal regulations, trade policies and standards. EcoWorld should conduct detailed due conscientiousness on suppliers, establish effective communication and partnership with them, and monitor the supply chain regularly to guarantee its effectiveness and efficiency.

The Order Winners and Order Qualifiers

Various concepts can help a company achieve a competitive advantage in the industry. Some of these concepts include order winners and order qualifiers. This can be the case for our focal company, i.e. EcoWorld, as order winners and order qualifiers play a substantial part in its global manufacturing and distribution plan. Order qualifiers refer to the minimum criteria a product or service must meet to be reflected by consumers’ valuation (Richey et al., 2022). The order qualifiers of the company may comprise the quality of the hand-blown glass sphere, the health and sustainability of the fish and plants, and the capability of the environment to work with light. These necessities must be met for consumers to contemplate buying the good.

On the other hand, order winners refer to the factors that distinguish a product from its rivals, thus making them more attractive to consumers’ valuation (Richey et al., 2022). Some of the focal company’s order winners could comprise the product’s price, design, and functionality. For instance, EcoWorld could distinguish its products by giving its consumers a broader diversity of designs, customizations, and colours. Moreover, the environment’s capability to be upheld with little effort or maintenance can also be an order winner for the company.

The company can apply these concepts to attain its competitive advantage in the global market as utilizing order qualifiers ensures that the products of the company meet the minimum needs of consumers, thus offering a basic level of satisfaction. However, to truly stand out, EcoWorld must excel in the order winners, which can set it apart from its rivals and fashion a distinctive selling proposition valuation (Richey et al., 2022). EcoWorld should continue conducting market research to comprehend the necessities and preferences of consumers in the Latervia and Rombia markets. This will aid the business in classifying the order winners that are most significant to these consumers, such as design, price, and sustainability. EcoWorld can also apply its sustainable and eco-friendly products as an order winner, tempting consumers who prioritize environmentally-friendly product valuation (Richey et al., 2022). This can be accomplished by guaranteeing that the raw materials and transportation techniques in its global manufacturing and distribution plan are sustainable and eco-friendly.

Total Quality Management

Expanding the global supply chain network can have a substantial effect on the total quality management of EcoWorld. TQM refers to the management method that emphasizes meeting consumer necessities and continuously refining processes, thus improving quality and reducing costs (Anca, 2019). The company should guarantee that all apparatuses of its supply chain are combined, reliable, and meet quality values. Analyzing how the company aims to expand its global supply chain and its effect on TQM includes introducing new suppliers that need to become more familiar with EcoWorld’s quality principles (Anca, 2019). Latervia and Rombia may have diverse quality standards, and their goods may need to meet EcoWorld’s stipulations. The company should find quality contracts with new suppliers ensuring that they follow the set EcoWorld’s quality standards as failure to meet the requirements set by the company may lead to delays in the production process, damage to the company’s reputation, and eventually, loss of customers which can be detrimental to company’s financial performance and market share.

Additionally, expanding the global supply chain network can result in longer lead times, which may distress the TQM of EcoWorld. Raw materials and final products of the company may necessitate transportation through various means, such as aircraft and trucks, which are typically subject to transportation postponements, weather-related issues, and customs clearance. These problems can cause interruptions in the production process and result in missed deadlines. Thus, the company must guarantee that its supply chain is consistent and that contingency plans are in place to address any potential disruptions. Moreover, the company must communicate efficiently with its suppliers and consumers in Latervia and Rombia to guarantee that all necessities are met. Language and cultural barriers can lead to misinterpretations, delays, quality issues, and loss of consumers.

Six Sigma is a data-driven quality development practice that aims to identify and eliminate process defects (Ikumapayi et al., 2020). The company can develop a Six Sigma plan encompassing the following steps. Defining the problem at hand of spoilage during delivery may require sound definition in needs in quantitative terms. A baseline must be founded by tracking the percentage of spoiled products during delivery, the grounds of spoilage, and the charge of spoilage to the business. The company can also measure the data it has collected in great detail (Ikumapayi et al., 2020). The company should collect data on the present delivery process, such as data on transportation and the time that would be taken to deliver its products. The data would be vital in determining the root causes of the problem. Once the data has been collected, the company should analyze it to ensure that it identifies the root causes of the problem. The team can use various tools, such as the Fishbone diagram and Pareto chart, to identify the most substantial reasons for spoilage. After making the necessary data analysis, the company should develop a plan to improve the delivery process. It may encompass changing the methods used by the company to transport its products (Ikumapayi et al., 2020). The final step in the Six Sigma process is control which encompasses establishing a process for monitoring and controlling the delivery process to guarantee that the improvements are continued over time. This may encompass regular temperature monitoring during transportation, regular maintenance of refrigerated trucks, and ongoing training of delivery personnel (Ikumapayi et al., 2020). Thus by following the above-described plan, the company can considerably decrease the percentage of spoiled products during delivery, which would lead to improved customer gratification and reduced costs associated with spoilage. The Six Sigma plan will additionally permit EcoWorld to classify other areas for improvement in their manufacturing and delivery processes, which can further improve their products’ quality and upsurge customer gratification.

Modes of Transportation

Globalization can considerably affect the numerous methods of transportation that EcoWorld applies for its manufacturing and distribution. Some of the various methods that the company can use to move its goods include air transportation which is the fastest mode of transportation that the company can utilize to deliver its products across. It is ideal for delivering high-value, low-weight, and time-sensitive products (Anca, 2019). Additionally, this form of transportation is appropriate for shipping fragile goods like EcoWorld’s decorative environments. However, air transportation is expensively paralleled to other modes of transportation (Anca, 2019).

Moreover, air transportation is subject to weather and air traffic interruptions, which can lead to substantial delays in product distribution. The company can also use sea transportation, a cost-effective form of transportation appropriate for shipping bulky and heavy products. Sea transportation is dependable and has a high carrying capacity (Anca, 2019). However, sea transportation could be faster paralleled to air transportation, and it is subject to delays due to bad weather, port congestion, and customs reviews.

Rail transportation can also be a suitable form of shipping products over land to long distances. One advantage of this method is that it is fast, reliable, and has a high carrying capacity. Rail transportation can also be cost-effective compared to air transportation, and it is less vulnerable to interruptions due to bad weather (Anca, 2019). However, rail transportation is limited by its infrastructure and can be affected by maintenance problems and rail congestion. Road transportation is the most common transportation available for EcoWorld’s products. It is appropriate for transporting products to the final destination, predominantly for short distances (Anca, 2019). Road transportation is flexible and can access almost any location. Conversely, it is subject to road accidents, traffic congestion, and bad weather. A 10% increase in fuel prices could substantially affect EcoWorld’s globalization plans (Anca, 2019). An increase in fuel prices can lead to increased transportation costs for EcoWorld, principally for air and road transportation. Consequently, the business may have to upsurge its product prices to uphold its profitability, which could distress its competitiveness in the industry.

Insurance Costs

It is characteristic that with globalization, there is a tendency to increase insurance costs due to the utilization of numerous forms of transportation across borders valuation (Richey et al., 2022). The transportation of raw materials via aircraft and the final product via aircraft and then truck poses numerous risks, including damage, theft, and loss. Thus EcoWorld will requisite to get insurance coverage to protect against these risks. Utilizing multiple modes of transportation also upsurges the probability of accidents occurring during transportation. Each mode of transportation carries specific risks, such as the possibility of a plane crash or a truck accident. Insurance coverage must be obtained to cover these risks, probably leading to amplified insurance premiums valuation (Richey et al., 2022).

Additionally, the transportation of goods across borders also presents additional risks, such as customs and regulatory compliance matters. Thus, the company must guarantee that they conform to all customs and regulatory requirements in the countries where they operate; failure to do so could result in delays, fines, and legal disputes. Gaining insurance coverage to protect against these risks will increase insurance costs.

Product’s Seasonality

EcoWorld’s products tend to skew towards November/December as it becomes a traditional holiday gift. This can pose a challenge to the company’s profitability and financial performance. Thus the company should adjust its manufacturing and distribution to consider this seasonality (Anca, 2019). The company should consider numerous strategies, including increasing production during the off-season to guarantee an adequate inventory to meet demand during the holiday season. This may necessitate the business to invest in additional manufacturing equipment and hire more workers to yield the necessary inventory.

The company should also adjust its marketing and sales strategies to centre during the holiday season. This could encompass fashioning holiday-themed advertising campaigns and offering special promotions and discounts to inspire consumers to buy their goods as gifts. The company should also consider partnering with retailers to upsurge their delivery channels (Anca, 2019). By working with retailers, EcoWorld can reach a broader consumer base and increase sales during the holiday season. EcoWorld should contemplate offering limited-edition holiday-themed products to create excitement and surge demand (Anca, 2019). This could comprise unique designs or packaging only available during the holiday season. Furthermore, the company should carefully manage its inventory to guarantee adequate stock to meet demand without overproducing and experiencing excess inventory costs. This may necessitate applying an inventory management system to track demand and adjust production accordingly.

Inventory Valuation Method

The company can use various inventory methods to appraise its inventory. One such method the company should consider is using the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) method for inventory valuation (Richey et al., 2022). This method proposes that the oldest items are sold first and values inventory founded on the cost of the oldest items. Since EcoWorld’s products have a clear seasonality, this method would help the company precisely track the cost of goods sold during the holiday season and guarantee they are constantly supplied with the inventory at the end of the season. Creating and maintaining an inventory of a final product incurs numerous costs, such as raw materials, labour, storage, and insurance. Globalization can affect these costs in numerous methods of valuation (Richey et al., 2022). Transportation costs for raw materials and finished products may surge due to longer distances and diverse modes of transportation.

Additionally, tariffs and taxes can also add to the cost of goods. Insurance costs may increase due to the risk of loss or damage during transport. Furthermore, maintaining inventory in numerous places can surge storage costs valuation (Richey et al., 2022). To mitigate these costs, the company can consider negotiating bulk transportation rates with carriers, outsourcing some manufacturing processes to nations with lower labour costs, and applying a just-in-time inventory system to decrease storage costs. The company can also consider agreeing with local suppliers in all markets it has roots in to reduce the costs it may incur while transporting its products.

In conclusion, logistics and supply chain management are two closely connected models vital for businesses to efficiently and successfully manage the flow of goods and services from suppliers to consumers. The management should ensure due diligence in evaluating whether to invest in European counties. This is because it would lead to increased costs such as insurance; thus, it would necessitate the company evaluate whether it would be beneficial to globalize the supply of its products.

Anca, V. (2019). Logistics and supply chain management: an overview.  Studies in Business and Economics ,  14 (2), 209–215.

Ikumapayi, O. M., Akinlabi, E. T., Mwema, F. M., & Ogbonna, O. S. (2020). Six Sigma versus lean manufacturing–An overview.  Materials Today: Proceedings ,  26 , 3275-3281.

Richey, R. G., Roath, A. S., Adams, F. G., & Wieland, A. (2022). A responsiveness view of logistics and supply chain management.  Journal of Business Logistics ,  43 (1), 62–91.

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What Is Supply Chain Management, and Why Is It Important?

When COVID-19 began to spread in 2020, many factories and businesses shut down, impacting the global supply chain. According to Axios, 75% of U.S. companies saw their supply chains disrupted early in the pandemic.

The pandemic also caused one-fourth of companies to experience a 50% drop in sales, according to the World Bank. Approximately 1.4 million manufacturing jobs in the U.S. were lost early in the pandemic, according to the National Association of Manufacturers.

Geopolitical issues such as the U.S.-China trade war added to the disruptive forces affecting the global supply chain.

What is supply chain management, and why is it important? Supply chain management is the overseeing of the flow of goods and services from raw materials to final products. It includes all the processes involved in getting products to customers, such as shipping.

As the global economy recovers, demand and supply continue to be at odds with each other. Take, for example, the more than 80 container ships that were waiting to be offloaded outside California ports in mid-November 2021 as the holiday shopping season began, according to a Bloomberg report. This logjam provides a visible example of the importance of effective supply chain management.

Supply chain management keeps the mechanisms of supply and demand operating smoothly so that people have access to goods and services. From sustenance and shelter to the way we work and entertain ourselves, a well-oiled supply chain is critical for maintaining economic stability and a functioning society.

What Is Supply Chain Management?

Supply chain management is the handling of the entire process of turning raw materials into a final product. Without the supply chain, we would not have access to food and health products, or the items that allow us to work, travel and entertain ourselves. Supply chain management involves a network of suppliers connected via a centralized management process. Each supplier acts as a link that moves a product along a chain of production, from raw material suppliers to manufacturers to retailers.

In the past, the supply chain management beginning-to-end model was mostly rigid — every link in the chain was touched in consecutive order to get a product from raw materials to the consumer. But lessons from the recent disruptions highlight the importance of flexibility in the supply chain management process.

What supply chain management is today is largely a result of market evolutions, digital transformations, and changing consumer preferences. Here are a few examples:

  • Different ways to buy . Consumers have many choices when purchasing products. They can buy products in physical stores or online, for example.
  • Climate-conscious consumers. Consumers have become more aware of how products are manufactured. They want to know about products that are climate-friendly. This affects the initial stages of the supply chain, where manufacturers need to incorporate sustainable practices and sourcing in their operations.
  • Evolving trade policies. When a manufacturer is unable to get raw materials from one supplier because of a trade policy, it must be able to adapt quickly and pivot to a new source for its raw materials.

Role of Supply Chain Management

Supply chain management sets the foundation for economic growth by enabling the exchange of goods between businesses and consumers. The important role of supply chain management and its impact on economic growth is possible because of the entities involved in the supply chain, which include the following:

  • Materials processors. This includes companies that process raw materials, such as metal, rubber, and wood, from natural resources.
  • Manufacturers/producers. These are the companies that create the products available for sale, turning raw materials into products for consumer use. Not all supply chains produce physical products. For example, in the energy sector, energy producers use raw materials, such as coal, to produce a form of energy for consumption.
  • Vendors. Also known as sellers, vendors sell products to the next link in the supply chain. Manufacturers can also be vendors.
  • Warehouses. Once the products are sold, they need to be stored. Warehouses are often located in major hubs where those involved in the next link in the supply chain can acquire them and ship them to distribution centers.
  • Transportation companies. Examples of transportation companies include freighter, container ship and trucking companies. At this point in the supply chain, the products arrive at another site with one purpose: to distribute the product to retailers.
  • Distribution centers. Distribution centers are regional facilities that house the products to be redistributed to retailers, wholesalers, and, sometimes, directly to consumers. A distribution center can include refrigeration facilities to preserve perishable products.
  • Retailers. At the tail end of the supply chain are the retailers who sell products directly to consumers in shopping centers, stores, and online.

In considering what supply chain management is and why it is important, it is useful to highlight other business functions that impact or are affected by the supply chain.

  • Product development. This is the process of introducing and bringing products to the market. It can also involve updating or renewing an existing product. Product development hinges on the materials available to make a product and the ingenuity of individuals to design, engineer and determine the purpose and function of a product.
  • Marketing. It is often said that a good product sells itself. In reality, organizations must try to stimulate demand for their goods. This is where marketing comes in. Marketing strategies include advertising and promotion, packaging, pricing, product placement, distribution, and target audience selection.
  • Operations. A key aim of operations managers is to ensure the inner workings of a business run efficiently to maximize productivity and reduce costs.
  • Distribution. This function is often considered part of the marketing mix. It describes the process of making products available to end-users in business and consumer markets, whether through direct or indirect distributors.
  • Finance. This area works with departments like sales to set revenue goals, acquire money or capital and decide how to spend and invest.
  • Customer service. This function plays a critical role in how an organization is perceived by its customers. The aim of customer service is to serve customers throughout the buying life cycle, from providing information that may help customers make informed decisions to supporting customer inquiries and troubleshooting customer problems.

Why Is Supply Chain Management Important?

Modern supply chains help improve living standards by enabling consumers to buy essential products at lower costs. This is because an effective supply chain streamlines the process of getting products to market, and ultimately to consumers.

Some key reasons why supply chain management is important to include:

  • Basic life necessities. Through supply chain management, individuals access necessities such as food and clothing, as well as life-saving medicines and health care products.
  • Power and light . People use electrical energy for homes and businesses for light, heat, and air conditioning. The energy supply chain involves the transformation of raw materials into usable energy and uses supply chain management principles to bring energy resources to consumers.
  • Infrastructure. Interstate highway systems, railroads, ports, and airports facilitate the exchange of goods between businesses and consumers.
  •   Jobs . Supply chain management plays a critical role in job creation. Supply chain professionals work in areas such as transportation, warehousing, inventory management, packaging and logistics information.

When considering why supply chain management is important, it’s worth noting the potential repercussions of an ineffective supply chain. For example, a lack of raw materials can result in a manufacturer not having the resources to create a product that is in high demand. A scarcity of that product can result in abrupt price hikes, impacting consumers.

Disruption of the Pandemic

The pandemic played a major role in disrupting the current supply chain in several ways. For example, many factories in low-cost manufacturing hubs in Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia shut down or slowed production, hitting global companies hard financially.

A disruption at any point in the supply chain can create problems for everyone. Here’s an example of a chain of events due to the disruptions caused by the pandemic:

  • Millions of Americans, nearly all at once, stayed in their homes due to the lockdowns.
  • Many of them placed orders for goods, such as desks for homebound children learning remotely and furniture for home offices.
  • These materials are mostly imported from Asian countries, which faced deadly variants and many
  • This led to some factory shutdowns, which hit retailers hard because supply was not available to meet the demand.
  • Factories that remained in operation often reduced their activity, contributing to tighter supply and increased prices for raw materials.
  • When the price of raw materials went up, the cost of products increased.

In some cases, product prices rose abruptly. Food prices were affected as well. Prices for meat, poultry, fish, and eggs went up 10.5% for the year ending in September 2021, according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

As global markets recover, demand is increasing while manufacturing is still limited, creating a mismatch in the equilibrium between supply and demand. In economic theory, this is known as the scarcity principle.

Geopolitical Factors

Geopolitical forces can tighten the supply of global commodities, creating artificial disruptions in the supply chain. Recently, sanctions and the crackdown on supplying microchips to Chinese companies have disrupted the global semiconductor industry. In a world heavily reliant on technology, the global shortage means limited access to components that run our devices, computers, and electronics. Carmakers have also reported declines in sales due to problems in the global supply chain, including microchip shortages.

Another aspect of geopolitics that affects supply chain management is taxation and documentation at ports. Every country has different rules, regulations, and laws that can often change. This means that exporters and importers must be in tune with the changes to ensure their products make it to their intended destinations. Missing important documentation can mean that a shipment of products may sit at a port indefinitely, creating financial losses for businesses.

Role of Information Systems in Supply Chain Management

Supply chain management has many moving parts, requiring systems and tools that help streamline processes, improve efficiency and strengthen accuracy. The role of information systems in supply chain management is to help businesses manage supply chains through scheduling, sourcing, supplier management, and data analytics.

These systems help organizations oversee the key elements of the supply chain, from resource development to logistics. They can help organizations keep track of different participants in the supply chain, including suppliers, warehouses, transport companies, retailers, manufacturers, and customers.

The primary role of information systems in supply chain management is to ensure businesses have access to the information they need to make the right business decisions. For example, operational visibility allows companies to assess fluctuations and anomalies in their business. By leveraging data in their internal systems (and public data), businesses can act intelligently on identifying and solving supply chain issues before they become big problems.

Information systems can also improve decision-making throughout the supply chain process by helping decision-makers to:

  • Be aware of what’s happening at key touchpoints in the supply chain management process (operational visibility)
  • Analyze information through visual dashboards and easy-to-understand data using analytics and emerging technologies (for example, machine learning)
  • Find opportunities to improve the performance of the supply chain, which can lead to improved profitability and better customer experiences

Role of Finance in Supply Chain Management

The role of finance in supply chain management is vital. Finance and accounting functions bring stability and flexibility to supply chain management by helping suppliers and buyers in the following ways:

  • Ensuring payment predictability and transparency. Using financial and accounting principles, organizations ensure a business has strong working capital and meets regulations and tax requirements.
  • Extending payment terms. By offering flexible payment terms for items, finance departments at suppliers can help buyers optimize their cash flows, helping to strengthen the buyer-supplier relationship.
  • Ensur ing that taxes are Indirect taxation can be a complex process — tax is paid by different entities throughout the supply chain process. The taxes paid are reflected in the final cost of the product, but it is invisible to the customer thanks to finance’s involvement in the process.
  • Decreas ing Finance can play a key role in developing strategies that help other functions, such as customer service, to meet customers goals at the least total cost possible.
  • Improv ing Firms rely on the role of finance in the supply chain to help control and reduce costs, resulting in opportunities to improve margins.

The role of finance in supply chain management is evolving to help organizations explore supply chain opportunities. This includes using advanced technology that shares financial and transaction data. This visibility into financial data across all entities in a supply chain can help in the creation of sophisticated financing programs focused on optimizing the balance sheet requirements and liquidity of all entities involved in the supply chain.

Finance also collaborates with other functions in an organization, including legal, marketing, information technology and operations, to enhance operational value and minimize risk.

Prepare for a Career in Supply Chain Management

Every step of the global supply chain is interconnected, and everyone involved — from producer to supplier to consumer — plays a pivotal role.

Supply chain management is vital to society, providing the mechanism for getting products into the hands of consumers, from essential staples such as food and medicine to luxury items.

In business, supply chain management allows manufacturers to make as many products as needed to meet market demand. It helps retailers reduce excess inventory and lower the cost of storing products. The success of sales and marketing relies on effective supply chain models that help ensure that the right quality product is available at the right place and at the right time.

For individuals interested in working in supply chain management, an advanced degree in business, such as an online MBA, can help them launch their careers. The Online Master of Business Administration from the University of Maryland’s Robert H. Smith School of Business prepares students to identify, evaluate and mitigate risk; improve efficiencies; and utilize cutting-edge supply chain technology applications.

Learn how the University of Maryland’s Online MBA program and its Supply Chain Management specialization, with courses including Global Trade Logistics and Innovative Solutions to Supply Chain Challenges, can help you pursue your career goals and become a leader in the field.

Recommended Readings

Why Get an MBA? It’s Still the Best Investment You Will Ever Make

Why Consider an MBA in Supply Chain Management

What You Can Learn About the Global Economic Environment Through an MBA

Axios, “Coronavirus Has Disrupted Supply Chains for Nearly 75% of U.S. Companies ”

Bloomberg, “Ships Keep Coming, Pushing U.S. Port Logjam and Waits to Records”

Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, The Importance of Supply Chain Management

Forbes , “10 Ways Machine Learning Is Revolutionizing Supply Chain Management”

IBM, “What Is Supply Chain Management?”

Investopedia, “Scarcity Principle”

Investopedia, “Supply Chain”

Investopedia, “Supply Chain Management (SCM) ”

National Association of Manufacturers, “How Coronavirus Is Affecting Manufacturers”

Reuters, “Global Economy Factories Hit by Pandemic-Related Supply Disruptions”

SourceToday, “What’s Causing the Supply Chain Shortages?”

SupplyChain, “What’s Causing the Global Supply Crunch?”

SupplyChainBrain, “The Increasing Role of Supply-Chain Finance”

The White House, “Why the Pandemic Has Disrupted Supply Chains”

The World Bank, “Tracking an Unprecedented Year for Businesses, Everywhere”

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index

Get More Information.

The Smith Difference is designed to bring your career goals within reach with our personalized resources and quality education.

Essay on Supply Chain Management

Introduction

Supply Chain Management is the management of the gradual flow of goods, services, and production, which include the movement and proper storage of raw materials, logistics, work-in-progress inventories, and finished goods or products. Sunningdale Tech Ltd is a manufacturer of audio equipment, steel moulds, and plastic injection products, among other equipments in Singapore. The purpose of this essay is to analyze as a supply chain manager of Sunningdale Tech Ltd, the effectiveness of the four key flows in supply chain management; the making process, and the supply chain forecasting and all relevant improvements according to the theories and concepts in supply chain management (Davis, 1993).

Sunningdale Tech Ltd is a manufacturing organization focused on building and selling mould and plastic injection products. The company was founded on the December 5, 1995, and the headquarters is located in Singapore. This is one of the leading producers of precision steel moulds in Singapore. They are responsible for designing, marketing, exporting, and managing manufactured technological products like car audio equipment, steel moulds, and plastic injection products; they render product design consultancy, mold flow services, selling of dies, tools, jigs, fixtures, and other plastic components, and project management. Their divisions are Healthcare, Automotive, Information Technology, and Mould Fabrication. Each segment produces a specific product or service; Automotive division mainly produces faceplates for audio systems and climate control, exterior antenna covers, steering switches, and speedometer equipments. The Healthcare division produces scoops, drug delivery, diagnostic devices, and caps. The Information or Consumer Technology division renders water filtration products, grooming products, and inkjet cartridges. The Mould Fabrication segment designs and manufactures various moulds that are also used for manufacturing of plastic injection parts. There are about 28 branches around the world, with over 872 employees. They are able to generate over 120 companies to supply products to on regular basis, in countries like USA, Malaysia, Mexico, and Latvia.

The Key Flows in Supply Chain

The manager of the supply chain is responsible for keeping track of the movement of products, information, cash, end-to-end flow of goods, and return of products. As a supply chain manager of Sunningdale Tech Ltd manufacturing company, there is a role to oversee and manage every stage of the production flow, from purchasing of raw materials to the delivery of the final product, timely production, as well as coordinate the storage of the product. Flow of products in the supply chain is the movement of goods from the organization to various customers across the world.

Sunningdale Tech Ltd work in a very effective production flow within the supply chain management process, this is done by demand planning and product planning, where a specific number of Sunningdale Tech Ltd products are produced within the various factories across many countries. The products are stored following a specified schedule of the organization and transported to larger warehouses of Sunningdale Tech Ltd Company as an inventory hold. The goods are carefully evaluated and transported to various warehouses of retailers of the company in different locations and then get to the various retail outlets of Sunningdale Tech Ltd, the products are then delivered to customers at various point of delivery.

Sunningdale Tech Ltd Company Information flow is very important in supply chain management because this information flow serves as the link between each stage in the supply chain management. There are effective IT technological tools that help enhance the information flow within the supply chain process (Li, et al. 2011). The use of computers and the internet help keep track of information and improve the performance of the organization

Sunningdale Tech Ltd Company cash flow relates to how payments are made based on timing and frequency of payments to suppliers and from customers, vice versa, invoicing steps for customers, how accounts are managed. The flow of cash perspective in supply chain management process can be specified into cost and investment expenses, and the fund or revenue from sales. The cost is the various expenses incurred and investment relates to the payment of various expenses incurred by the organization. Costs are incurred during the supply chain process and contribute to the profitability of the business and require settlement (Patnayakuni, et al. 2006).

As a supply chain manager, the reduction of cost and increasing revenue or fund are very important. Cash expenses are monies paid by Sunningdale Tech Ltd Company to keep the organization operating and revenue cash flow is the movement of monies from customers to the organization. To enable the company to gain profits, revenue must always be higher than the cost incurred. Payment are arranged according to organization’s plans, schedules, credits, and other financial arrangements to receiving cash from the public and in paying expenses of the business are gathered annually and recorded. There is a need to manage various financial flows of the organization.

Inverse flow is the return movement of goods from customers to the company and how the organization refund and collect these goods back into the company safely. Inverse flow of goods from customers or retailers made by receiving information related to any problem of the good to be checked and solved. The return flow passes from the customer to the vendor, then to the retailer, and shipped to the Company. After the correction is made, the product is sent back through the same process to the customer with a discount to enhance customer satisfaction.

essay on logistics supply chain management

(Pedrosoa & Nakanob, 2009)

The Make Process

The Sunningdale Tech Ltd Company have a specified production planning and make process for developing goods for the organization and manufacturing of the organization’s products. This ensures that all resources, investments, and raw materials are enough and accessible for producing goods and services in the organization. Activities involving measures taken as a supply chain manager in directing, regulating, and controlling various productions of the organization is arranged and rolled out accordingly.

The make process is a very important aspect in supply chain management and this requires gradual important steps in manufacturing goods and services in the organization. The success and wellbeing of the organization is linked to tallying the production level of the organization to the resources to produce these organizations. The resources should be enough to facilitate the production of goods and services for the organization successfully. Sunningdale Tech Ltd require appropriate allocation of resources including, workers, raw materials, production machines, product deliveries, transportation of goods to customers, and purchasing raw products from suppliers are done during production planning

The way taken by various products into the organization is arranged and designed to facilitate the movement of products from suppliers to the company. After identifying the routing process of goods, the execution is when customer’s orders are delivered to their locations successfully. This will help avoid frustration and delay in order execution, production that moves with a good plan always help in preventing customer disappointment and help to improve their satisfaction. Good production planning involves the production of the right goods, foreseeing the future, analyzing, and using potential manufacturing plans to achieve set goals. Allocation of resources is done by assigning team members the right task and machines to operate (Longo & Mirabelli, 2008).

Sunningdale Tech Ltd should have proper planning of technological material requirement to be able to analyze needed input resources, components and materials required to produce various products in the organization. The production planning schedule is a widely used system that helps in improving productivity of a given manufacturing organization (Håkan & Göran, 2004).

This planning schedule helps in advancing and improving the production performance of the organization. The manufacturing requirement planning uses information from expenses or cost of materials, production, and flow of goods to understand the needed inputs and various costs during the manufacturing process. Planning the arrangement of materials and other material components of the organization will help enhance the manufacturing success of the various products along with the quantity of the product, with appropriate determination of the right items to produce. The Company identifies the number of confirmed orders and production to make during operations.

As a supply chain manager, my duty is to ensure that the organization have access to needed materials and resources for production of products. There are several products required by customers from the organization, and with demand and order description, I will be able to check and allocate the right materials for production in the organization. Demand directly affects the quantity of goods to produce for customers in general. I will be able to setup a strategic planning system that will be able to track products and supply chain production in the organization.

essay on logistics supply chain management

(Håkan & Göran, 2004).

The Supply Chain Forecasting

Forecasting model in supply chain management relates with the upcoming events expected to take place in the market and production system in the future. This is just like predicting expected future of the organization in a qualitative or quantitative way. The supply chain forecasting methodology and models examine the future expectations and outcome of how demand and supply range will project, how the customer’s reaction towards a specific product will change, and the change in price level of goods in the market (Singh, et al. 2006). There are benefits the organization derives from supply chain forecasting, including helping to prepare for a new condition arising.

The supply chain forecasting will guide the Company know the right goods suppliers are willing to offer the organization, and how these goods will determine the performance of the Company, in order to take necessary measures immediately before becoming too late. Various evaluations are conducted on the market to provide a complete position of the organization in the near future. In forecasting, especially in supply chain management, factors like weather, technology, research, among others relate with the supply chain management of the organization. This describes how these factors will influence consumers demand and interest in each week, months and years (Helms, et al. 2000).

Price forecasting model is a description of supply and demand influence on prices of goods and services in the market. Situations such as a low income, bad road and weather conditions, and poor environmental conditions could lead to a reduction in the price of Sunningdale Tech Ltd products like precision steel moulds, car audio equipment, plastic products and tools, among others. The price forecasting model helps businesses to know when necessary to cut down prices or increase prices and this will help the Company to know when to maximize the price level of products and the time to reduce the price to fit well in the market at a given time (Gattorna & Jones, 1998).

Another model called demand forecasting model that allows organizations to keep the right number of stocks enough to satisfy all demands. The demand forecasting model will help the Company to utilize time, resources, and efforts properly to improving the production of goods at the right time. The demand forecasting model is very helpful in identifying the interest of the public and behavior of the market demands, including preference, trends, seasonal goods, personality, and behavior of the customers (Guanghui, 2012).

Opinion forecasting model is a qualitative forecasting model that describes how the opinions of experienced experts make meaningful analysis and projections into the future without statistical data and where there is no available data to be measured. This model uses an easy and quick method to anticipate future market trends and structure. The market research model is a qualitative forecasting module that uses market research and analysis to forecast future events. This can be done by staff, firm members, and the Company will have researchers to use research opinion poll, telephone, interviews, and questionnaires.

Various quantitative and qualitative model of forecasting relating to average moving model goods, economic model, opinion of experts, research model, and strategic model are classified based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the supply chain forecasting model. The moving average model uses the quantitative forecasting model to analyze data and understand data about the market prices, sales, demands, supplies, and many more. The econometric modeling is about how regression analysis and independent regression is measured to determine the influence of an economic variable to another and to understand the outcome of the analysis (Helms, et al. 2000).

essay on logistics supply chain management

(Rogelio & Watson, 2009)

Production across the various four key flows of supply chain management and how to serve as a supply chain manager of Sunningdale Tech Ltd is steep into the making process, and the supply chain forecasting in order to enhance the movement and production of products along the supply chain management process. The various flows of products along the supply chain management process like information flow, cash flow, product flow, and return of goods are major duties of the supply chain manager in order to ensure the positive operation of the business in the organization. Sunningdale Tech Ltd ensures that goods flow from one stage to the other till customers acquire their products and appreciate the product, and the supply chain manager also has to improve the relationship between customers and the organization through technical, brand, and research development. The supply chain manager also ensures that the right supply chain forecasting model such as the demand forecasting model or price forecasting model is used correctly. It is important that technological tools are encouraged and used to induce the positive performance of Sunningdale Tech Ltd supply chain management and maximize information and transactional management potential of the manufacturing company. This helps in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the business and supply chain management.

Bibliography

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Gattorna, J., & Jones, T. (1998).  Strategic Supply Chain Alignment: Best Practice in Supply Chain Management.  Vermont: John L. Gattorna. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.gh/books?hl=en&lr=&id=pS03aP72VR8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=KEY+FLOWS+IN+supply+chain+management+&ots=Uuo2-b6Tx2&sig=OyA6s1Z7xK46UOykRAqNMuAKSgg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=KEY%20FLOWS%20IN%20supply

%20chain%20management&f=false

Guanghui, W. (2012). Demand Forecasting of Supply Chain Based on Support Vector Regression Method.  Procedia Engineering Journal , 280-284. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705811065441

Håkan, H., & Göran, P. (2004).  Supply Chain Management: Teh Logic of Supply Chains and Networks.  Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Retrieved from https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/ijlm/2004/00000015/00000001/art00002

Helms, M. M., Ettkin, L. P., & Chapman, S. (2000). Supply chain forecasting – Collaborative forecasting supports supply chain management.  Discover Journals, Books & Case Studies , 1463-7154. Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/14637150010352408/full/html

Li, J., Chen, J., & Wang, S. (2011).  Risk Management of Supply and Cash Flows in Supply Chains.  London: Springer Science. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.gh/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2gh9BHT9NRkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=KEY+FLOWS+IN+supply+chain+management+

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Longo, F., & Mirabelli, G. (2008). An advanced supply chain management tool based on modeling and simulation.  Computers & Industrial Engineering Journal , 570-588. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360835207002100?casa_token=HeksMSixGbQAAAAA:w05VLMIDWGIkA2xUQJodfMDZi5cE4Sre72m

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Patnayakuni, R., Rai, A., & Seth, N. (2006). Relational Antecedents of Information Flow Integration for Supply Chain Coordination.  Journal of Management Information Systems , 13-49.

Pedrosoa, M. C., & Nakanob, D. (2009). Knowledge and information flows in supply chains: A study on pharmaceutical companies.  International Journal of Production Economics , 376-384. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925527309002011?casa_token=umKrV-90DUQAAAAA:AKgRfA9Wzbnb1i2S-hjN3E1d0rVMiDqzrxaTfavIcnC2SKz0gqwoPymlOS2s53eL0mP6oBMQQw

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Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain Management Essay

Introduction, sustainability measures to transform supply chain processes and operations, staff training, modern technologies.

The optimization of the links between production and distribution processes is the most critical regarding the possibility of improving a particular enterprise’s supply chain for the purpose of its sustainable development.

Logistics Approach

Managing the supply chain of enterprise’s resources on the basis of a logistics approach contributes to the optimal organization of economic flows.

  • The logistics approach combines the advanced organizational principles and capabilities of modern information technologies. The practice of implementing supply chain management allows saying that this concept is the fundamental one in modern logistics and will rapidly develop in the future.
  • Logistics as a science is of special importance to the study of flow processes and the effective organization of management of these processes is acquired with reference to the supply of material resources of a certain venture (Christopher, 2016). Also, Mangan, Lalwani, and Lalwani (2016) claim that a proper approach not only allows organizing the entire algorithm of work qualitatively but also helps to distribute particular products in terms of volume and quality, taking into account the state of specific goods.

The creation of the company personnel’s knowledge base is one of the decisive conditions for the successful application of modern supply chain sustainability concepts.

  • The qualification and professionalism of employees are key criteria that predetermine the intensity of work in a certain direction and the effectiveness of taken measures. The sources of valuable knowledge can be both theoretical educational resources and practical exercises for honing specific skills.
  • According to Grant, Wong, and Trautrims (2017), the creation of an educational base in the field of logistics is one of the basic sources helping to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The current economic situation dictates the conditions in which integrated logistics and supply chain management should turn into a strategic resource that requires a high level of diverse and in-depth employees’ knowledge. Therefore, training and retraining programs for company personnel, in particular, in the field of logistics, should be built up but not close (Brandenburg, Govindan, Sarkis, & Seuring, 2014).

The involvement of modern means of planning transportation and supply chain organization is an indicator of a strategically correct approach to solving the problem of enterprise sustainability in a competitive market.

  • The development of technologies in the field of logistics makes it possible to intelligently think through the entire path of goods, starting from sending and ending with their receipt by the customer (Wang, Gunasekaran, Ngai, & Papadopoulos, 2016). To ensure that some goods are not lost during the delivery process or are not delayed because of certain conventions, modern planning tools are used. Navigation devices of the new generation help to accurately track goods and control the entire delivery route.
  • According to Touboulic and Walker (2015), interested parties resort to various ways to improve the supply chain, including the use of modern navigation devices. Appropriate gadgets help to reduce the time for delivery. Customers have a guarantee for the timely delivery of their orders.

Thus, the optimization of the links between production and distribution processes is essential concerning the possibility of improving a particular enterprise’s supply chain for the purpose of its sustainable development. Specific measures should be taken to ensure a reliable system of goods delivery – a logistics approach, staff training, and the implementation of modern technologies. The use of all these conditions in work can guarantee the reliability of supplies and determine a particular enterprise as a modern and competitive venture.

Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J., & Seuring, S. (2014). Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions. European Journal of Operational Research , 233 (2), 299-312.

Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics & supply chain management (5th ed.). London, UK: Pearson.

Grant, D. B., Wong, C. Y., & Trautrims, A. (2017). Sustainable logistics and supply chain management: Principles and practices for sustainable operations and management (2nd ed.). London, UK: Kogan Page.

Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., & Lalwani, C. L. (2016). Global logistics and supply chain management (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Touboulic, A., & Walker, H. (2015). Theories in sustainable supply chain management: A structured literature review. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management , 45 (1/2), 16-42.

Wang, G., Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. W., & Papadopoulos, T. (2016). Big data analytics in logistics and supply chain management: Certain investigations for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics , 176 , 98-110.

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IvyPanda. (2024, January 29). Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain Management. https://ivypanda.com/essays/sustainable-logistics-and-supply-chain-management/

"Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain Management." IvyPanda , 29 Jan. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/sustainable-logistics-and-supply-chain-management/.

IvyPanda . (2024) 'Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain Management'. 29 January.

IvyPanda . 2024. "Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain Management." January 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/sustainable-logistics-and-supply-chain-management/.

1. IvyPanda . "Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain Management." January 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/sustainable-logistics-and-supply-chain-management/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain Management." January 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/sustainable-logistics-and-supply-chain-management/.

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essay on logistics supply chain management

Building Insights Into Supply Chains: A Case Study

A GRAPHIC SHOWING MULTIPLE TRUCKS ON ROADWAYS, WITH TRACKING SIGNS SUPER-IMPOSED OVER THEIR LOCATIONS.

Image: iStock.com/metamorworks

For time-sensitive or temperature-controlled cargo, most shippers will agree that high-quality, real-time tracking information is crucial. Though that technology can be expensive, the investment is easy to justify when it could mean the difference between an on-time delivery and spoiled cargo. But for general cargo — which does not have strict timeline requirements — it can be harder for shippers to justify that cost. Individualized tracking information simply isn’t as critical for those standard loads. And if shippers do decide to invest in tracking devices for general cargo, rarely is the technology advanced enough to make a sizable difference to their bottom line.

Some leaders in the shipping space argue that this view is shortsighted — and could cost companies far more than they realize. Without the data that tracking technology could provide, they believe, many shippers lose out on important insights into their general cargo — data that could significantly improve travel timelines and ultimately justify that initial cost.

Two of these leaders are Maersk, a provider of transportation and logistics services, and Tive, a global leader in supply chain and logistics visibility technology. Both organizations felt that the potential value of tracking insights into general cargo was too important to overlook. So when Erez Agmoni, global head of innovation at Maersk, and Krenar Komoni, founder and CEO of Tive, crossed paths at a supply chain event at MIT a few years back, it was no surprise that they found a common purpose.

Both Agmoni and Komoni knew that tracking technology was too costly to be used across every type of cargo. “Unless it’s valuable, perishable cargo,” says Agmoni, “nobody will want to just go and track every single container, every single shipment — especially considering a few years ago, when it was really expensive.” Agmoni and Komoni knew they needed to develop a more affordable solution that could provide data that was actually relevant to all types of general cargo shipments.

The Proof of Concept

In the years following the MIT event, Agmoni and Komoni explored alternatives that could offer the value they sought at a price point shippers would accept. The first step in their experiment was to design a proof of concept. The team at Maersk took on the task, beginning with outreach. “We went to customers, we brought them in, we started some discussions,” says Agmoni. “We looked into what could help them improve their supply chains.” Over the course of their research, customers commonly expressed frustration with transit times: They were unreliable, inaccurate, and did little to help them plan around the situation at hand. That’s when Agmoni had an idea. Instead of tracking each individual shipment — which, as customers were saying, wasn’t providing the information they actually needed — they could also track aggregated data.

The Maersk Innovation Center designed a proof of concept for a means of keeping tabs on thousands of shipments without having to view each one individually. In other words, they would track aggregated data from thousands of shipments, starting with a route from Los Angeles to Memphis. Tive, meanwhile, started building the hardware and the backend technology. Once the product was ready, Tive ensured that all of the trackers were properly installed at the warehouse in Los Angeles, and that each of them was linked to the appropriate shipment and order.

From there, Tive’s data science and data analytics teams, with input from Maersk, went to work analyzing the data from the trackers — looking at which algorithms they wanted to run on the dataset to figure out what insights they could gain. “Working together, we were able to find some really interesting things,” says Komoni. In the end, the higher-level view yielded surprising insights.

The Results

On the drive from Los Angeles to Memphis, there are two main routes from which truckers can choose: a southern route, which runs near the U.S.–Mexico border, and a northern route, which is a slightly more direct line from point A to point B. On all navigation systems, the northern route is estimated to be two hours faster than its counterpart. But when Maersk and Tive started looking at the aggregated data, they learned something that they couldn’t have known from individualized tracking information.

“When we started to look at the aggregated data,” says Agmoni, “we found out that the northern route is taking six days, plus or minus two — so four to eight days.” Though Google Maps will estimate the drive to be 32 hours, it’s expected that drivers will need to stop and rest along the way, stretching the trip out into several days. But when they looked at the presumably slower, southern route, the average driver was completing the trip in four to six days. Not only was this faster, but the driving estimate was more precise.

To understand why this was, they had to go back to the data. Using a collection of tools and graphs that they’d custom built for this purpose, Tive began to calculate the idle times along each route. “What we said is, ‘why don’t we figure out where the trucks are stopping for the longest time?’” says Komoni. “And then we mapped that out, and we saw these big red spots on areas where they’re stopping on the southern route and also where they’re stopping on the northern route.

”It quickly became clear from the data that drivers on the northern route were stopping much more frequently than on the southern route. “We couldn’t know why they’d do that,” says Agmoni, “so we had to call some of them. And we learned a very interesting thing.”

After speaking with some of the drivers, they learned that rest stops on the northern route are small and, more often than not, completely full. “It’s a very busy route,” says Agmoni. “They don’t trust that there will be space at the rest stop when they’ve reached the maximum hours of driving. So they start looking two or three stops beforehand. If there is one, they stop; if not, they’ll go to the next on the route.” On the southern route, however, the stops are more reliable. Drivers can trust that when they need to make a stop, there will be space for them to do so — allowing them to maximize the number of hours that they can drive, and shortening the total transit time altogether.“

That really helped us to change the way we route things. You can’t find this information if you follow one shipment at a time; you really need the aggregated data,” says Agmoni.

“It's great insight,” Komoni adds, “because now you finally have value that you can sell. You can justify the cost on all types of general cargo — and not just on time-sensitive, temperature-sensitive, high-value shipments.”

Maersk and Tive’s proof of concept was a clear success, allowing them to move forward in the development of their product.

The Solution

Using what they learned, Maersk has since developed a new product called Ocean + Transload, a solution for cargo transportation that improves transit time variability, reduces carbon emissions, and helps minimize detention and demurrage charges.

“It’s a replacement for the inland port solutions that carriers sell,” says Agmoni. Typically with intermodal travel, carriers see a lot of fluctuation in transit times. “The intermodal connection of international containers is not to the level of our customer expectation,” he says.

With Ocean + Transload, they can take containers and translate them into trailers by putting them back on the rail or on the road. “And of course we are adding visibility trackers to all those shipments at no extra cost — to provide our customers with a solution that first, gives them a much more precise time, and second, sends alerts way in advance when the shipment is about to arrive.” Armed with this increased visibility into their shipments, customers no longer need to follow up to receive updates on the status of their shipment. Updates come to them directly.

According to Komoni, the uniformity of the data made possible by the collaboration was a central component to the solution’s success. “I think that uniformity is the real value that allows Maersk to do aggregated analytics and understand insights for their customers. There is tremendous value in uniformity,” he says.

What started as a shared frustration at the lack of tracking information on general cargo shipments resulted in not only a successful collaboration between two companies — it also provided a much-needed advancement in tracking technology and shipping analytics that will help companies make smarter and more cost-efficient decisions across the supply chain.

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Jack N. Averitt College of Graduate Studies

Master of Science, Logistics and Supply Chain Management

About the program.

Format : Online Credit Hours : 30 Entry Terms : Fall, Spring, Summer

Logistics and supply chain management activities included in the program comprise freight and logistics management, supply management and production and operations management. Taken together, the program’s graduate level educational value proposition is relevant to a vast portion of enterprises with business activities in these areas. The program’s specialization is especially important to organizational needs of multi-modal freight transportation, warehousing and distribution, strategic sourcing and management of manufacturing and service operations.

The program is designed for working professionals seeking graduate coursework in logistics and supply chain management to enhance their acumen in order to enhance career opportunities. The program will consist of a stackable curriculum wherein two stand-alone certificates can be earned along the way to degree completion. These certificate areas are: 1) Logistics and Transportation; and 2) Operations and Supply Management.

The program’s coursework will be offered such that students can complete a certificate in as little as one semester, and complete degree requirements in as little as one year. Each certificate will include 9 credit-hours of coursework and the entire degree will require 30 credit-hours to complete.

Ultimately, the objective of the program is to enhance and improve management of supply chains by growing the knowledge, skill and abilities of graduates from the program. These value-added capabilities will provide career advancement opportunities to graduates and support economic development especially in intermodal transportation logistics, warehousing, distribution and production and service operations management.

Ready to Apply?

Request information, visit campus, or, you can :, admission requirements.

Admission to the MS-LSCM program is competitive. Admissions criteria help gauge the applicant’s potential for successful completion of the program of study. To apply, applicants must have:

  • Baccalaureate degree from an accredited institution (Official transcripts from all credit-granting institutions attended must be submitted);
  • TOEFL or IELTS scores (if applicant does not hold a degree from a program or university where English is the official language of instruction);
  • Resume detailing both work experience and education;
  • Essay describing applicant’s potential for success in the program; and
  • Completed application form (including a $50 nonrefundable application fee paid online at time of application submission).

A preferred qualification for admittance is a minimum 2 years of relevant work experience following completion of a baccalaureate degree in business with a GPA of at least 3.0. *

*A GMAT or GRE score achieved within the last five years may be required if you do not meet the above criteria. Deficiencies in GPA or work experience can be potentially alleviated by demonstrating aptitude for the program via a strong score on the GMAT or GRE.

Georgia Southern is a military-friendly institution. Additional consideration is given to applicants with service in any military branch, reserve unit, or National Guard (active, retired, or prior service; Form DD 214 #4 required).

Admission decisions are made shortly after a complete application has been received. Submit the application online at the College of Graduate Studies website.

*Unofficial test scores and transcripts (one per institution attended) are permitted for the application process. Official documents must be submitted prior to matriculation if offered admission.

*International transcripts must be evaluated by a NACES accredited evaluation service  and must be a course by course evaluation and include a GPA. ( naces.org )

November 15*

*The application and all ​​required documents listed on the “admissions requirements” tab​ for the program must be received by the deadline.  If all required documents are not received by the deadline your application will not be considered for admission.

Program Contact Information

Parker College of Business Graduate Programs Office [email protected] 912-478-5767

Last updated: 2/15/2024

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Office of Graduate Admissions Physical Address: 261 Forest Drive PO Box 8113 Statesboro, GA 30460 Georgia Southern University Phone: 912-478-5384 Fax: 912-478-0740 gradadmissions @georgiasouthern.edu

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