national artificial intelligence research resource (nairr) task force

Driving Science Innovation with The National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR) Pilot

• Spur innovation
• Increase diversity of talent
• Improve capacity
• Advance trustworthy AI

Current Opportunities

Nairr pilot webinar.

NSF invites researchers and educators to learn about the NAIRR Pilot effort and how to engage via the following webinar taking place on

Survey of US Researchers, Educators, and Students

We are eager to learn your use cases for the NAIRR Pilot, your challenges using AI resources, and other perspectives. The survey deadline has been extended to March 31, 2024 .

Apply for computing

An initial set of NAIRR Pilot advanced computing resources, such as GPUs, is available to researchers and educators. The call is open through March 1, 2024.

Pilot resources

Partners are contributing many kinds of resources to the pilot, such as pre-trained models, AI-ready datasets, and relevant platforms.

Leadership, Partners, and Contributors

The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) leads the NAIRR Pilot effort in collaboration with federal agency partners. The Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are leading development of a NAIRR Secure element of the pilot .

The following federal agency partners are presently participating and contributing resources to the NAIRR Pilot:

• U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)
• Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
• Department of Agriculture (USDA)
• Department of Defense (DOD)
• Department of Energy (DOE)
• Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
• National Aeronautics and Administration (NASA)
• National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
• U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)

Current non-governmental partners:

• AI2: Allen Institute for AI
• Amazon Web Services (AWS)
• Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
• Hugging Face
• Omidyar Networks
• Regenstrief Institute
• SambaNova Systems
• Weights & Biases

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Bridging the resource divide for artificial intelligence research

Credit: National Science Foundation

Today, the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource, or NAIRR, Task Force presented an interim report to the President and Congress. AI drives scientific discovery, from quantum particles to the supermassive black hole in the depths of the Milky Way. AI is also transforming our world, from helping us avoid traffic on the way to work to recommending the items that we buy. AI courses are some of the most popular in U.S. universities. AI-based companies are scaling at breakneck speeds. Worldwide, AI-related publications and patent applications are rising.

However, pathways to participate in AI research and development are limited. Progress at the frontiers of AI requires advanced computational power and data. Access to these essential resources is often limited to large technology companies and well-resourced universities. Limited access means limited ideas and limited perspectives shaping AI innovations. It means AI innovations can be incomplete and prone to systemic biases and inequities.

Left unaddressed, this growing resource divide could hurt AI research ecosystems and the ability to develop an AI research community and workforce that reflect America's diversity. This resource divide impacts who has access and thus who gets to conduct research and develop AI-driven technologies.

"Including the full breadth of geographic and demographic perspectives in AI R&D will shape the best AI innovations possible," said Manish Parashar, director of the U.S. National Science Foundation's Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure. "Bridging the AI resource gap is our opportunity for better AI innovation that benefits everyone." Parashar is a co-chair of theNAIRR Task Force and leads NSF's broader efforts in supporting advanced research cyberinfrastructure for the nation's science and engineering enterprise.

Established in June 2021 by the National AI Initiative Act of 2020, the NAIRR Task Force has been seeking to address this resource divide. As a congressionally chartered federal advisory committee, the NAIRR Task Force has been developing a plan to establish a national AI research resource that would democratize access to AI R&D for America's researchers and students. The NAIRR is envisioned as a broadly accessible and federated collection of resources, including computational infrastructure, public and private sector data, and testbeds. These resources would be made available through an intuitive interface, with educational tools and user support will facilitate their use. An important element of the NAIRR will be the expertise to design, deploy, federate and operate these resources.

Since its establishment, the NAIRR Task Force has held seven public meetings, engaged with 39 experts on a wide range of aspects related to the design of the NAIRR, and considered 84 responses from the public to a request for information, or RFI. Materials from all public meetings and responses to the RFI can be found at www.AI.gov/nairrtf .

This report lays out a vision for how this national cyberinfrastructure could be structured, designed, operated and governed to meet the needs of America's research community. It presents an approach to establishing the NAIRR that builds on existing and future federal investments; designs in protections for privacy, civil rights and civil liberties; and promotes diversity and equitable access. It details how the NAIRR should support the full spectrum of AI research – from foundational to translational – by providing opportunities for students and researchers to access resources that would otherwise be out of reach.

"AI doesn't just stand for artificial intelligence, it must also stand for accessibility and inclusion. The vision laid out in this interim report is the first step towards a more equitable future for AI R&D in America – a future where innovation can happen anywhere in America and the promise of AI can be realized in a way that works for all Americans," said NSF Director Sethuraman Panchanathan.

Going forward, to achieve the vision defined in the interim report, the NAIRR Task Force will develop a roadmap. The planned roadmap release will be the final report of the NAIRR Task Force, expected at the end of this year. To inform this work, the NAIRR Task Force is asking for feedback from the public on the findings and recommendations presented in the interim report as well as how those recommendations could be effectively implemented. Public responses to this request for information will be accepted through June 30, 2022. In addition, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and NSF will host a public listening session on June 23 to provide additional means for public input. Please see here for more information on how to participate.

If successful, the NAIRR would transform the U.S. national AI research ecosystem by strengthening and democratizing foundational, use-inspired and translational AI R&D in the United States. The interim report of the NAIRR Task Force being released today represents a first step towards this future, putting forward a vision for the NAIRR for public comment and feedback.

Media Contacts Media Affairs, NSF, (703) 292-7090, [email protected]

What is the National AI Research Resource and what can it teach the world about next generation innovation?

The US's new National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) aims to provide a shared computing and data infrastructure. Image:  Getty Images/iStockphoto.

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• The US's new National AI Research Resource aims to provide a shared computing and data infrastructure.
• The AI hub is intended to democratize access and help to fuel research and development.
• Lessons learned in the US can support global AI innovation across the public and private sectors.

On 24 January 2023, the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) task force shared a report with President Biden and Congress, Strengthening and Democratizing the US Artificial Intelligence Innovation Ecosystem . The report provides plans to build out US data and computational infrastructure for the advancement of AI research and development.

It expands on the vision of the NAIRR and details how participation in AI R&D across the US democratizes access to the resources essential for American students, researchers, and practitioners to boost innovation across all sectors. Building on future and existing investments by the Federal government, it includes considerations for civil rights, civil liberties, privacy, and promotes diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion.

Have you read?

3 lessons for living with generative ai, getting meta about the metaverse, here's what americans think about generative ai like chatgpt and dall-e.

The NAIRR aims to drive scientific discovery and economic activity across a broad spectrum of sectors. While there are rapid advancements in the field of AI R&D in the US, access to data and computational resources that fuel the cutting-edge technology is limited to leading universities, large scale technology companies, and venture backed startups.

The US government has realized the potential of AI to solve real societal problems that bridge the access divide and emerge an AI ecosystem that works for every American.

So, what can this US research hub teach the rest of the world about AI innovation?

What is the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) ?

The NAIRR is a platform that will transform the future of US local AI ecosystems by providing compute and storage, software and testing tools, and data resources to local stakeholders to achieve their goals via a portal. It is the consensus of a consultative process that engaged leading academics, independent experts and contributors.

What is its purpose of the NAIRR?

The purpose is to create pathways for stakeholders (NAIRR users) in local US regions to achieve their AI goals with the objective of democratizing and strengthening the US AI innovation ecosystem to spur innovation, increase diversity, advance trustworthy AI, and improve capacity. The success of which is based on the successful engagement of the NAIRR constituents in civil society, industry, academia, and government.

What makes the NAIRR unique?

The barrier to achieve AI goals is really high. At the same time, the barriers can’t be lowered because they remove the educational merit. The NAIRR is unique in that it aims to redesign the entry barrier for stakeholders. The NAIRR user base serves students learning about AI, AI researchers, and educators incorporating AI tools and training resources into learning. The opportunity for global AI corridors to emerge to partner with US private sector and the public exist in abundance if you can identify the opportunities to engage the AI R&D community.

What possibilities could this open up for AI?

This could accelerate AI from lab to industry, promote cross-industry partnerships, identify market drive R&D challenges, and coordinate government AI research with academia. It will easily make publicly accessible curated catalogues of AI datasets, testbeds, educational resources, and relevant metadata serving the community.

What is the risk of not having a hub like this?

There is a tremendous gap in AI being a catalyst for research and development and economic impact in local US hubs. Without a hub like the NAIRR, small businesses face the risk of not advancing foundational, translational, or use-inspired AI R&D. More importantly, the talent working on AI will not be incentivized to work in academia, small business but be attracted to large tech firms.

The Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2023 report outlined the technologies poised to positively impact society in the next few years, from health technology to AI to sustainable computing.

The World Economic Forum’s Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution is driving responsible technology governance, enabling industry transformation, addressing planetary health, and promoting equity and inclusion.

Learn more about our impact:

• Digital inclusion: Our EDISON Alliance is mobilizing leaders from across sectors to accelerate digital inclusion, having positively impacted the lives of 454 million people through the activation of 250 initiatives across 90 countries.
• AI in developing economies: Our Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Rwanda is promoting the adoption of new technologies in the country, enabling over 4,000 daily health consultations using AI.
• Innovative healthcare: Our Medicine from the Sky initiative is using drones to deliver medicine to remote areas in India, completing over 950 successful drone flights.
• AI for agriculture: We are working with the Government of India to scale up agricultural technology in the country, helping more than 7,000 farmers monitor the health of their crops and soil using AI.

Want to know more about our centre’s impact or get involved? Contact us .

How will this incentivize new partnerships and business models?

Ultimately, but with proper education, this will incentivize government stakeholders to build local data policies, develop regional or local AI policies, identify AI opportunities in their regions that spur investment, talent, and grow their knowledge-economy. If a Governor, Senator, Congress Woman, Mayor, Economic Development Officer, or Councilor, understands the economic impact of AI and how it can attract partnerships in their constituency they are heavily incentivized to leverage NAIRR.

How could AI’s development be different in 10 years with this in place?

We are at a tipping point in AI. The world now understands the benefits of generative AI that translate into business value. So, if we believe that the technology and algorithms are now commoditized then the most important remaining factor is the people. AI is about the people, the talent who builds it, not just consumers of AI. In 10 years, building the next generation of AI talent will be different. We must start now to build this talent to be able to populate the local AI ecosystems. While providing people with the AI resources is critical, we need to empower learners at the earliest stages to study about AI. Without this talent, the NAIRR will be useless.

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The National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Task Force Releases Final Report

Recently, the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR) Task Force released a roadmap to establish a national research infrastructure aimed to broaden access to resources for AI research and development. There are ever increasing opportunities to work with cutting-edge AI technologies, but many of the opportunities are limited to large companies, organizations and academic institutions with an abundance of resources. The implementation plan, Strengthening and Democratizing the U.S. Artificial Intelligence Innovation Ecosystem , aims to provide AI researchers and students with access to computational resources, high-quality data, training tools, and user support.

The report lays out the following goals for the NAIRR:

• Provide AI researchers and students with significantly expanded access to computational resources, high-quality data, educational tools, and user support—fueling greater innovation and advancing AI that serves the public good.
• Establish the NAIRR with four measurable goals in mind, namely to 1) spur innovation, 2) increase diversity of talent, 3) improve capacity, and 4) advance trustworthy AI.
• Follow a cooperative stewardship model, whereby a single Federal agency serves as the administrative home for NAIRR operations and a Steering Committee comprising principals from federal agencies with equities in AI Research drives the strategic direction of the NAIRR.
• Provide access to a federal mix of computational and data resources, testbeds, software and testing tools and user support services via an integrated portal.
• Provide accessible resources to a range of users and provide a platform that can be used for educational and community-building activities in order to lower the barriers to participation in the AI research ecosystem and increase the diversity of AI Researchers.
• Set the standard for responsible AI research through the design and implementation of its governance processes.
• Implement system safeguards in accordance with established guidelines.
• Accomplish the implementation in four phases, beginning immediately after the publication of this report. Phase 1 securing  Congress funding, estimated to be around 2.6 billion over an initial six year period.

The NAIRR task force used a rigorous, open process to collect information and ensure the report was a collaborative, inclusive representation of community sentiments. The process included 11 public meetings and two formal requests for information to gather public input. In June 2022, the NAIRR task force requested input from the community on the initial findings and recommendations contained in the interim report. You can read the Computing Community Consortium’s response here .

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US Artificial Intelligence Caucus proposes the creation of an AI research centre

The bipartisan bill includes provisions for the creation of a national research centre, as well as encourages civil society groups to make use of inclusive AI.

In a joint effort to promote accessible and inclusive AI development, representatives of the Artificial Intelligence Caucus of the US Congress have come together to propose the establishment of the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR). Announced in a press release , the innovative public research centre aims to democratise AI research and competition by providing individuals, entrepreneurs and organisations with access to essential AI tools.

Spearheaded by Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-CA) and Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM), the legislation highlights the significance of allowing researchers from universities, nonprofits, and government entities to harness AI technology rather than just behemothic private companies. The bill, aptly named the “Creating Resources for Every American To Experiment with Artificial Intelligence Act” (or CREATE AI Act), seeks to engage all levels of society in creating ethical, transparent and comprehensive AI technology.

The National AI Research Resource Task Force (NAIRRTF), established as a part of the National AI Act of 2020 , published its final report in January this year, with the objective of increasing the accessibility, infrastructure and inclusivity of the United States AI environment. The CREATE AI Act incorporates numerous suggestions from the NAIRR Task Force, taking significant steps towards achieving their goal.

The bill does not prescribe a definite funding amount, but it highlights bipartisan enthusiasm for creating the NAIRR, illustrated by recent efforts to tackle AI-specific challenges, competitiveness and transparency . The NAIRRTF has estimated an annual budget of approximately $440 million for the centre, but the bill itself does not endorse this precise sum taken from their final report.

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Artificial Intelligence

The U.S. National Science Foundation has invested in foundational artificial intelligence research since the early 1960s, setting the stage for today’s understanding and use of AI technologies.

AI-driven discoveries and technologies are transforming Americans' daily lives — promising practical solutions to global challenges, from food production and climate change to healthcare and education.

The growing adoption of AI also calls for a deeper understanding of its potential risks, like the amplification of bias, displacement of workers, or misuse by malicious actors to cause harm.

As a major federal funder of AI research, NSF advances AI breakthroughs that push the frontiers of knowledge, benefit people, and are aligned to the needs of society.

On this page

What is artificial intelligence?

How does AI affect our daily lives? How does it work in simple terms? Can we trust AI chatbots? In this 10-minute video, Michael Littman, NSF division director for Information and Intelligent Systems, looks at where the field of artificial intelligence has been and where it's going.

Brought to you by NSF

NSF's decades of sustained investments have ensured the continual advancement of AI research. Pioneering work supported by NSF includes:

Reinforcement learning

Which refines chatbots and trains self-driving cars, among other uses.

Neural networks

Which underlie breakthroughs in pattern recognition, image processing and natural language processing.

Large language models

Which power generative AI systems like ChatGPT.

Collaborative filtering

Which fuels content recommendation on the world's largest marketplaces and content platforms, from Amazon to Netflix.

AI-driven learning

Including virtual teachers (both digital and robotic) that incorporate speech, gesture, gaze and facial expression.

What we support

With investments of over $700 million each year, NSF supports:

Innovation in AI methods

We invest in foundational research to understand and develop systems that can sense, learn, reason, communicate and act in the world.

Application of AI techniques and tools

We invest in the application of AI across science and engineering to push the frontiers of knowledge and address pressing societal challenges.

Democratizing AI research resources

We enable access to resources — like computational infrastructure, data, software, testbeds and training — to engage the full breadth of the nation's talent in AI innovation.

Trustworthy and ethical AI

We invest in the development of AI that is safe, secure, fair, transparent and accountable, while ensuring privacy, civil rights and civil liberties.

Education and workforce development

We invest in the creation of educational tools, materials, fellowships and curricula to enhance learning and foster an AI-ready workforce.

Partnerships to accelerate progress

We partner with other federal agencies, industry and nonprofits to leverage expertise; identify use cases; and improve access to data, tools and other resources.

National AI Research Institutes

Launched in 2020, the NSF-led  National Artificial Intelligence Research Institutes  program consists of 25 AI institutes that connect over 500 funded and collaborative institutions across the U.S. and around the world.

The AI institutes focus on different aspects of AI research, including but not limited to:

• Trustworthy and ethical AI.
• Foundations of machine learning.
• Agriculture and food systems.
• AI and advanced cybersecurity.
• Human-AI interaction and collaboration.
• AI-augmented learning.

Learn more by reading the  2020 ,  2021  and  2023  AI Institutes announcements or visiting the AI Institutes Virtual Organization .

National AI Research Institutes: Interactive Map (PDF, 7.96 MB)

AI Institutes Booklet (PDF, 12.51 MB)

Hear from the newest ai research institutes.

• At the Edge of Artificial Intelligence This episode of NSF's Discovery Files podcast features three 2023 AI Research Institutes awardees discussing their work.
• The Frontier of Artificial Intelligence This Discovery Files episode features 2023 AI Research Institutes awardees applying AI to education, agriculture and weather forecasting.

National AI Research Resource Pilot

As part of the "National AI Initiative Act of 2020," the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) Task Force was charged with creating a roadmap for a shared research infrastructure that would provide U.S.-based researchers, educators and students with significantly expanded access to computational resources, high-quality data, educational tools and user support.

The NSF-led interagency NAIRR Pilot will bring together government-supported, industry and other contributed resources to demonstrate the NAIRR concept and deliver early capabilities to the U.S. research and education community, including the full range of institutions of higher education and federally funded startups and small businesses.

The NAIRR Pilot is aimed to accelerate AI-dependent research such as:

• Societally relevant research on AI safety, reliability, security and privacy.
• Advances in cancer treatment and individual health outcomes.
• Supporting resilience and optimization of agricultural, water and grid infrastructure.
• Improving design, control and quality of advanced manufacturing systems.
• Addressing Earth and environmental challenges via the integration of diverse data and models.

Implementation Plan for a National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (PDF, 3.02 MB)

Featured funding.

Computer and Information Science and Engineering: Core Programs

Supports foundational and use-inspired research in AI, data science and human-computer interaction — including human language technologies, computer vision, human-AI interaction, and theory of machine learning.

America's Seed Fund (SBIR/STTR)

Supports startups and small businesses to translate research into products and services, including  AI systems and AI-based hardware , for the public good.

Cyber-Physical Systems

Supports research on engineered systems with a seamless integration of cyber and physical components, such as computation, control, networking, learning, autonomy, security, privacy and verification, for a range of application domains.

Engineering Design and Systems Engineering

Supports fundamental research on the design of engineered artifacts — devices, products, processes, platforms, materials, organizations, systems and systems of systems.

Ethical and Responsible Research

Supports research on what promotes responsible and ethical conduct of research in AI and other areas as well as how to encourage researchers, practitioners and educators at all career stages to conduct research with integrity.

Expanding AI Innovation through Capacity Building and Partnerships

Supports capacity-development projects and partnerships within the National AI Research Institutes ecosystem that help broaden participation in artificial intelligence research, education and workforce development.

Experiential Learning for Emerging and Novel Technologies

Supports experiential learning opportunities that provide cohorts of diverse learners with the skills needed to succeed in artificial intelligence and other emerging technology fields.

Responsible Design, Development and Deployment of Technologies  

Supports research, implementation and education projects involving multi-sector teams that focus on the responsible design, development or deployment of technologies.

Research on Innovative Technologies for Enhanced Learning

Supports early-stage research in emerging technologies such as AI, robotics and immersive or augmenting technologies for teaching and learning that respond to pressing needs in real-world educational environments.

Secure and Trustworthy Cyberspace

Supports research addressing cybersecurity and privacy, drawing on expertise in one or more of these areas: computing, communication and information sciences; engineering; economics; education; mathematics; statistics; and social and behavioral sciences.

Smart and Connected Communities

Supports use-inspired research that addresses communities' social, economic and environmental challenges by integrating intelligent technologies with the natural and built environments.

Smart Health and Biomedical Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

Supports the development of new methods that intuitively and intelligently collect, sense, connect, analyze and interpret data from individuals, devices and systems.

NSF directorates supporting AI research

Computer and information science and engineering (cise), engineering (eng), technology, innovation and partnerships (tip), mathematical and physical sciences (mps), social, behavioral and economic sciences (sbe), stem education (edu), geosciences (geo), biological sciences (bio), international science and engineering (oise), integrative activities (oia), featured news.

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Democratizing the future of AI R&D: NSF to launch National AI Research Resource pilot

Additional resources.

• NAIRR Pilot Explore opportunities for researchers, educators and students, including AI-ready datasets, pre-trained models and other NAIRR pilot resources.
• National Artificial Intelligence Initiative A coordinated federal approach to accelerate AI research and the integration of AI systems across all sectors of the economy and society.
• CloudBank Allows the research and education community to access cloud computing platforms.
• One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence A study focused on understanding and anticipating how AI will ripple through every aspect of how people work, live and play.
• Expanding the Frontiers of AI: Fact Sheet Learn how NSF is driving cutting-edge research on AI.
• "CHIPS and Science Act of 2022" The act authorizes historic investments in use-inspired, solutions-oriented research and innovation in key technology focus areas.