peace and order research paper

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PEACE AND ORDER IN DAMULOG, BUKIDNON

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Southeast Asian Journal of Science and Technology

jeffrey de asis

The study aims to determine the Effectiveness of the Barangay Tanods on the Maintenance of Peace & Order in the Municipality of Bayambang. Specifically, this study sought to determine the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment, monthly family income, number of trainings attended and years of experience as Barangay Tanods; the level of effectiveness by the Barangay Tanods on the Maintenance of Peace & Order in their localities as percieved by: the Barangay Tanods; and constituents; and the problems encountered by the Barangay Tanods in maintaning Peace & Order on the respective localities as perceived by; the Barangay Tanods; and Constituents. To ascertain the degree of efficiency of Barangay Tanods on the Maintenance of Peace & Order in the Municipality of Bayambang, the researchers used the descriptive approach with the questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The researcher further believes that the respondents are very effective at carrying out their duties and obligations based on the data they collected and examined. The respondents further claimed that they are very effective in their capacity as first responders. They also asserted that their patrolling and hazard recognition tasks are quite effective.

arvie123 gomez

Emmanuel J Bacud

The capacity of the people of Kragan District, Rembang Regency in dealing with abrasion disasters is still low. The low capacity is because the community has never received education on abrasion. This study was conducted to 1) examine and analyze the community’s capacity for abrasion disaster in the coastal area of Kragan District, Rembang Regency, 2) develop a community participation-based edusaster abrasion disaster education model, and 3) analyze the effectiveness of edusaster as a community participation-based abrasion disaster education model. This research is a mixed methods research that combines research and development (R&D), quantitative, and qualitative research. Model development is carried out through Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The subjects of this research are one expert on disaster materials, one expert on disaster education, 15 people who assess the product in a limited way, and 104 research samples. The data in this study were taken through questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively to determine the community’s capacity, the effectiveness of the model, and the effectiveness of the model to increase community capacity. In addition, qualitative analysis was also carried out as triangulation. The results showed that the community’s capacity, in general, was still low. The highest community capacity is the participation capacity which is in the “Good” category, while the knowledge and attitude capacity are in the “enough” category, and the perception and adaptation and mitigation capacity, which is in the “Poor” category. Therefore, this research creates an abrasion disaster education model called edusaster, which can increase community capacity. The edusaster model is created through the ADDIE development model. The first stage is the analysis stage, which is done by analyzing the gap, then formulating the edusaster model as a solution. The edusaster model, which consists of a model syntax and complementary components of the model in the form of instruments for measuring community capacity, material internalization guidelines, participatory mapping guidelines, preparedness training guidelines, and research instruments are made at the design stage. According to experts at the development stage, the edusaster model that has been made is then tested for its effectiveness. The expert stated that the model had very good quality and was declared effective so that the model was then implemented to determine the effectiveness according to field implementation. The results show that the model effectively increases community capacity, both total capacity and partial capacity in the form of knowledge capacity, attitude, participation, perception, and adaptation and mitigation of abrasion disasters. The effectiveness of the edusaster model is seen from two stages, namely the effectiveness of the model based on expert and community assessments and based on the results of the effectiveness test. Disaster materials experts and disaster education experts stated that the model was “Very Good” in all aspects assessed. Through the limited test, the community also stated that the model was in the “Very Good” category. The edusaster model was also tested for its effectiveness in increasing community capacity through implementation on a field scale by involving the experimental group treated with the edusaster model and the control group treated with conventional disaster education. The analysis results show that disaster education with edusaster and conventional models both increase the capacity of the people of Kragan District to deal with abrasion disasters. However, the increase in community capacity was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, so it can be seen that disaster education with the edusaster model is more effective than the conventional model.

Jurnal Publisitas

indah pusnita

This study discusses how public services provide social welfare to the community. In the study of public service analysis for the social welfare of the community related to local government policies with minimum service standards originating from central policy. This study aims to describe how public services for community social welfare in Gandus District, Palembang City can run well according to the wishes of the local community. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and literature studies. The informants in this study were 13 (thirteen) people, and the sample was taken using the Snowball Sample. The results of the study found that public services related to policies in social welfare services for the community have been going well, this is strengthened by the activities carried out by the Government as much as possible in realizing a good service as a whole for the benefit of society.

Lala M. Kolopaking

A type of leadership directive and consultative applied by head of village and adaptive to problem. A type of directive applied when delegate duty for employees of village. A type of consultative applied in directing employees give a public service. The purpose of this research is analys the relation between a type of leadership head of village with the quality of village service. A method of research that we use is accidental of sampling with the total number of respondents as many as 60 of respondents. Data processing in research is using the correlation rank-spearman test. The results of the study says that the type of leadership consultative can improve the quality of village service. It is proven by as much as 80 percents respondents said that the presence of a very strong between the type of leadership consultative with the quality of village service. Keyword: Leadership Type, Quality Of Village Service ABSTRAK Gaya kepemimpinan direktif dan konsultatif diterapkan oleh kepala ...

Romel Bernardo

iJournals: International Journal of Social Relevance & Concern (IJSRC) ISSN-2347-9698

iJOURNALS PUBLICATIONS IJSHRE | IJSRC

The purpose of this study was to analyiza the coordination between the Ministry of Social Affairs and the city government in the Family-hope program in the city of Padang Panjang, West Sumatera. The coordination is inteded to create a harmony of each government organization to achieve the goals and objectives which is set out in the Program Keluarga Harapan in the city of Padang Panjang. This research is using a descriptive analysis through a qualitative approach based on primary and secondary data. The informants in this study were determined by the purposive sampling method, where the selection of informants was based on certain characteristics. Data collection techniques of field research by interviewing, observing and studying documentations with valid and accurate sources. The technique tests of the data validation by methods triangulation and source triangulation. Meanwhile this data analysis technique uses analysis through the stages of data deception, data analysis, data reduction and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that: firstly, the coordination that is owned consists of indicators, namely; (1) Importance of communication; (2) Awareness of the importance of coordination; (3) Competency of human resources; (4). Agreements, commitments and coordination incentives; (5) There is continuity of planning. Secondly, the constraints that are owned consist of indicators, namely (1) the unity of action is not well enough; (2) lack of employment relationship; (3) the division of labor is not optimal; (4) lack of work discipline. Thirdly, the efforts that are owned consist of indicators, namely; (1) Provide confirmation and explanation regarding duties / functions, authorities and responsibilities; (2) Resolving problems that result in poor coordination; (3) Hold meetings with staff as a forum for exchange of opinions and information.

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December 2, 2021

Peace Is More Than War’s Absence, and New Research Explains How to Build It

A new project measures ways to promote positive social relations among groups

By Peter T. Coleman , Allegra Chen-Carrel & Vincent Hans Michael Stueber

PeopleImages/Getty Images

Today, the misery of war is all too striking in places such as Syria, Yemen, Tigray, Myanmar and Ukraine. It can come as a surprise to learn that there are scores of sustainably peaceful societies around the world, ranging from indigenous people in the Xingu River Basin in Brazil to countries in the European Union. Learning from these societies, and identifying key drivers of harmony, is a vital process that can help promote world peace.

Unfortunately, our current ability to find these peaceful mechanisms is woefully inadequate. The Global Peace Index (GPI) and its complement the Positive Peace Index (PPI) rank 163 nations annually and are currently the leading measures of peacefulness. The GPI, launched in 2007 by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), was designed to measure negative peace , or the absence of violence, destructive conflict, and war. But peace is more than not fighting. The PPI, launched in 2009, was supposed to recognize this and track positive peace , or the promotion of peacefulness through positive interactions like civility, cooperation and care.

Yet the PPI still has many serious drawbacks. To begin with, it continues to emphasize negative peace, despite its name. The components of the PPI were selected and are weighted based on existing national indicators that showed the “strongest correlation with the GPI,” suggesting they are in effect mostly an extension of the GPI. For example, the PPI currently includes measures of factors such as group grievances, dissemination of false information, hostility to foreigners, and bribes.

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The index also lacks an empirical understanding of positive peace. The PPI report claims that it focuses on “positive aspects that create the conditions for a society to flourish.” However, there is little indication of how these aspects were derived (other than their relationships with the GPI). For example, access to the internet is currently a heavily weighted indicator in the PPI. But peace existed long before the internet, so is the number of people who can go online really a valid measure of harmony?

The PPI has a strong probusiness bias, too. Its 2021 report posits that positive peace “is a cross-cutting facilitator of progress, making it easier for businesses to sell.” A prior analysis of the PPI found that almost half the indicators were directly related to the idea of a “Peace Industry,” with less of a focus on factors found to be central to positive peace such as gender inclusiveness, equity and harmony between identity groups.

A big problem is that the index is limited to a top-down, national-level approach. The PPI’s reliance on national-level metrics masks critical differences in community-level peacefulness within nations, and these provide a much more nuanced picture of societal peace . Aggregating peace data at the national level, such as focusing on overall levels of inequality rather than on disparities along specific group divides, can hide negative repercussions of the status quo for minority communities.

To fix these deficiencies, we and our colleagues have been developing an alternative approach under the umbrella of the Sustaining Peace Project . Our effort has various components , and these can provide a way to solve the problems in the current indices. Here are some of the elements:

Evidence-based factors that measure positive and negative peace. The peace project began with a comprehensive review of the empirical studies on peaceful societies, which resulted in identifying 72 variables associated with sustaining peace. Next, we conducted an analysis of ethnographic and case study data comparing “peace systems,” or clusters of societies that maintain peace with one another, with nonpeace systems. This allowed us to identify and measure a set of eight core drivers of peace. These include the prevalence of an overarching social identity among neighboring groups and societies; their interconnections such as through trade or intermarriage; the degree to which they are interdependent upon one another in terms of ecological, economic or security concerns; the extent to which their norms and core values support peace or war; the role that rituals, symbols and ceremonies play in either uniting or dividing societies; the degree to which superordinate institutions exist that span neighboring communities; whether intergroup mechanisms for conflict management and resolution exist; and the presence of political leadership for peace versus war.

A core theory of sustaining peace . We have also worked with a broad group of peace, conflict and sustainability scholars to conceptualize how these many variables operate as a complex system by mapping their relationships in a causal loop diagram and then mathematically modeling their core dynamics This has allowed us to gain a comprehensive understanding of how different constellations of factors can combine to affect the probabilities of sustaining peace.

Bottom-up and top-down assessments . Currently, the Sustaining Peace Project is applying techniques such as natural language processing and machine learning to study markers of peace and conflict speech in the news media. Our preliminary research suggests that linguistic features may be able to distinguish between more and less peaceful societies. These methods offer the potential for new metrics that can be used for more granular analyses than national surveys.

We have also been working with local researchers from peaceful societies to conduct interviews and focus groups to better understand the in situ dynamics they believe contribute to sustaining peace in their communities. For example in Mauritius , a highly multiethnic society that is today one of the most peaceful nations in Africa, we learned of the particular importance of factors like formally addressing legacies of slavery and indentured servitude, taboos against proselytizing outsiders about one’s religion, and conscious efforts by journalists to avoid divisive and inflammatory language in their reporting.

Today, global indices drive funding and program decisions that impact countless lives, making it critical to accurately measure what contributes to socially just, safe and thriving societies. These indices are widely reported in news outlets around the globe, and heads of state often reference them for their own purposes. For example, in 2017 , Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez, though he and his country were mired in corruption allegations, referenced his country’s positive increase on the GPI by stating, “Receiving such high praise from an institute that once named this country the most violent in the world is extremely significant.” Although a 2019 report on funding for peace-related projects shows an encouraging shift towards supporting positive peace and building resilient societies, many of these projects are really more about preventing harm, such as grants for bolstering national security and enhancing the rule of law.

The Sustaining Peace Project, in contrast, includes metrics for both positive and negative peace, is enhanced by local community expertise, and is conceptually coherent and based on empirical findings. It encourages policy makers and researchers to refocus attention and resources on initiatives that actually promote harmony, social health and positive reciprocity between groups. It moves away from indices that rank entire countries and instead focuses on identifying factors that, through their interaction, bolster or reduce the likelihood of sustaining peace. It is a holistic perspective.  

Tracking peacefulness across the globe is a highly challenging endeavor. But there is great potential in cooperation between peaceful communities, researchers and policy makers to produce better methods and metrics. Measuring peace is simply too important to get only half-right. 

• Frontiers in Political Science
• Peace and Democracy
• Research Topics

Peace, Democracy and Liberal International Order

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Establishing peace is the biggest question of all time. World history is regularly filled by wars and conflicts that inflicted and, sadly, still inflicts huge losses on mankind. The advent of democracy institutionalized rights and freedoms of the people. In the same way, democracy also institutionalized norms ...

Keywords : Peace, Democracy, Liberal International Order, Challenges to Liberal International Order

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