research about education in the philippines

UNESCO and DepEd launch the 2020 Global Education Monitoring Report in the Philippines

MANILA, 25 November 2020. Along with government officials, international aid agencies, education and humanitarian experts, policymakers, teachers and learners, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Department of Education (DepEd) launched the 2020 Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report on 25 November 2020 virtually.

With the theme “Inclusion and education: All means All,” the national launch was organized to increase awareness of the Report’s messages and recommendations on inclusion in education with a wider education community, with those working on humanitarian responses, and with government officials and policymakers. The event was broadcasted live on the official Facebook of UNESCO Jakarta and the Philippines’ Department of Education.

As part of its progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4)and its targets, the 2020 GEM Report ( https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373721 ) provides an in-depth analysis of key factors in exclusion of learners in education systems worldwide, such as background, identity and ability (i.e. gender, age, location, poverty, disability, ethnicity, indigeneity, language, religion, migration or displacement status, sexual orientation or gender identity expression, incarceration, beliefs and attitudes).

One of the numerous examples highlighted in the report is the gender-responsive basic education policy created by DepEd. The policy calls for an end to discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity by defining ways for education administrators and school leaders such as improving curricula and teacher education programmes with the content on bullying, discrimination, gender, sexuality and human rights.

The Report also identifies the heightening of exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic, where it has shown that about 40% of low and lower-middle income countries have not supported disadvantaged learners during temporary school shutdown. The event featured speeches and presentations from experts on inclusion from both government and non-governmental organizations, policy makers and practitioners, including a message from UNESCO’s Global Champion of Inclusive Education, Ms Brina Kei Maxino, and performances by the world-renowned and 2009 UNESCO Artist for Peace, the Philippine Madrigal Singers.

The highlight of the event was the live discussion between DepEd Secretary, Professor Emeritus Leonor Magtolis-Briones, and the Director of UNESCO Jakarta, Dr Shahbaz Khan, as they explored the findings of the report and deliberated on issues such as inclusion and education and its implementation; adjustment on the school policies during Covid-19; a horizontal collaboration between government and non-government stakeholders; education budget and spending; grants for students; and, social programs to support education.

Alongside today’s publication, UNESCO GEM Report team has also launched a new website called Profiles Enhancing Education Reviews (PEER) that contains information on laws and policies concerning inclusion in education for every country in the world. According to UNESCO, PEER shows that although many countries still practice education segregation, which reinforces stereotyping, discrimination and alienation, some countries like the Philippines have already crafted education policies strong on inclusiveness that target vulnerable groups.

The 2020 Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report urges countries to focus on those left behind as schools reopen to foster more resilient and equal societies.

• Global Education Monitoring Report

Related items

• Education for sustainable development
• Country page: Philippines
• UNESCO Office in Jakarta and Regional Bureau for Science
• SDG: SDG 4 - Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
• See more add

This article is related to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals .

More on this subject

Other recent news

Licence or Product Purchase Required

You have reached the limit of premium articles you can view for free. 

Already have an account? Login here

Get expert, on-the-ground insights into the latest business and economic trends in more than 30 high-growth global markets. Produced by a dedicated team of in-country analysts, our research provides the in-depth business intelligence you need to evaluate, enter and excel in these exciting markets.

View licence options

Suitable for

• Executives and entrepreneurs
• Bankers and hedge fund managers
• Journalists and communications professionals
• Consultants and advisors of all kinds
• Academics and students
• Government and policy-research delegations
• Diplomats and expatriates

This article also features in The Report: Philippines 2019 . Read more about this report and view purchase options in our online store.

Education & Research From The Report: Philippines 2019 View in Online Reader

Educational attainment in the Philippines was falling at the beginning of the 21st century, marked by declining enrolment and literacy rates, as well as persistent underfunding. In response, successive governments have worked to overhaul the education system and increase expenditure, taking measures to keep more children in school, raise the quality of tertiary education, enhance the education system’s global competitiveness, and improve employability through linkages between academic institutions and industry. All this is proving crucial to keep pace in a world adapting to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where technological competitiveness and the hunt for qualified human capital is placing education at the centre of many countries’ reform plans. This chapter also contains an interview with Fortunato de la Peña, Secretary, Department of Science and Technology.

Articles from this Chapter

Working the plan: five years into basic education reform, programme rollout shifts to supporting university and technical school students obg plus.

Educational attainment in the Philippines was falling at the beginning of the 21st century, marked by declining enrolment and literacy rates, as well as persistent underfunding. In response, successive governments have worked to overhaul the education system and increase expenditure, taking measures to keep more children in school, raise the quality of tertiary education, enhance the education system’s global competitiveness, and improve employability through linkages between academic institutions…

Selected skills: Fortunato de la Peña, Secretary of Science and Technology, on matching knowledge with industry needs OBG plus

Interview:Fortunato de la Peña How are the Department of Science and Technology (DoST), academia and private business working together to upskill the workforce? DE LA PEÑA: The private sector informs the government of the competencies that are needed by the labour market. The government, in turn, advises academia to provide the courses and training needed by the labour market and grants scholarships to encourage students to pursue the new courses. For instance, the DoST-Philippine Council…

Teaming up: Ensuring a competitive workforce via industry partnerships OBG plus

Economies around the world are reforming their tertiary education systems to ensure competitiveness in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This refers to the evolution of disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the internet of things, which is enhancing connectivity and transforming the demands on the global labour market. In response, senator Win Gatchalian proposed Senate Bill No. 1355, the Philippine Innovation Act, in February 2017. The act calls on the government…

Digital classroom: Investment in education technology surges as markets around the world recognise its transformative potential OBG plus

In an era marked by profound technological disruption and intense global competition in new frontier industries, emerging markets are striving to improve and adapt their education systems to reconcile the demands of the modern economy and the needs of citizens. As such, innovative solutions are being developed to address barriers within traditional education systems. As such, education technology (edtech) is gaining traction worldwide as an invaluable teaching and learning tool. However, development of global edtech has been somewhat uneven, with its implementation delayed in some countries due to infrastructure deficits and tight budgets.…

Privacy Overview

Development and Validation of IMLMs for Teaching and Learning STEM in Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines

New citation alert added.

This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:

You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.

To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.

New Citation Alert!

Please log in to your account

Information & Contributors

Bibliometrics & citations, index terms.

Applied computing

Computer-assisted instruction

Computer-managed instruction

Distance learning

Interactive learning environments

Learning management systems

Human-centered computing

Ubiquitous and mobile computing

Information systems

Information systems applications

Multimedia information systems

Multimedia content creation

Recommendations

Robotics to promote elementary education pre-service teachers' stem engagement, learning, and teaching.

We report a research project with a purpose of helping teachers learn how to design and implement science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) lessons using robotics. Specifically, pre-service teachers' STEM engagement, learning, and ...

Online Learning and Teaching in Higher Education

Using educational data from teaching and learning to inform teachers’ reflective educational design in inquiry-based stem education.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education is recognized as a top school education priority worldwide and Inquiry-based teaching and learning is identified as a promising approach. To effectively engage students ...

• Tool-supported Guidance is essential for effective Inquiry-based education.

Information

Published in.

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Permissions, check for updates, author tags.

• STEM education
• interactive multimedia learning module
• teaching and learning resources
• Research-article
• Refereed limited

Funding Sources

• Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines

Contributors

Other metrics, bibliometrics, article metrics.

• 0 Total Citations
• 0 Total Downloads
• Downloads (Last 12 months) 0
• Downloads (Last 6 weeks) 0

View Options

Login options.

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

View options.

View or Download as a PDF file.

View online with eReader .

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Share this Publication link

Copying failed.

Share on social media

Affiliations, export citations.

• Please download or close your previous search result export first before starting a new bulk export. Preview is not available. By clicking download, a status dialog will open to start the export process. The process may take a few minutes but once it finishes a file will be downloadable from your browser. You may continue to browse the DL while the export process is in progress. Download
• Download citation
• Copy citation

We are preparing your search results for download ...

We will inform you here when the file is ready.

Your file of search results citations is now ready.

Your search export query has expired. Please try again.

Inclusive Education in the Philippines: Through the Eyes of Teachers, Administrators, and Parents of Children with Special Needs

• University of the Philippines

Discover the world's research

• 25+ million members
• 160+ million publication pages
• 2.3+ billion citations
• John Robin H Raton
• Rob Cris A Bagares
• Carlo G. Soberano

• LPT Marites D. Lecitivo
• PhD Luis Manuel C. Paita

• Lilibeth Pinili

• J Res Spec Educ Needs

• Shani Raveh Amsalem
• Mary Therese A. Vistar
• Reylan Capuno

• Bart Macchiette

• Support Learn

• Sonia Blandford

• Jeffrey B. Kritzer
• Jack R. Fraenkel
• Norman E. Wallen
• Richard Thompkins
• Pat Deloney
• Anselm L. Strauss
• Recruit researchers
• Join for free
• Login Email Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google Welcome back! Please log in. Email · Hint Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google No account? Sign up

Advertisement

Measuring the Efficiency of Educational Institutions: Evidence from Primary and Secondary Public Schools in the Philippines

• Regular Article
• Published: 06 September 2024

Cite this article

• John Lorenzo A. Yambot   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-0333 1  

Explore all metrics

In the economics of education, an educational institution is considered as a firm that transforms inputs into outputs. It is similar to a production line wherein efficient returns are expected. An education system is efficient if it can achieve the best outcomes by maximizing the available resources. Determining how schools perform in terms of their efficiency may suggest ways to improve education outcomes for a given level of resources. The general objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of an educational institution. This study employed a Poisson stochastic frontier analysis to formulate education production functions for the number of examinees achieving at least a minimum overall proficiency level. The model was also used to estimate the technical efficiency scores of some selected public schools. Technical inefficiency models were also constructed to identify predictors of inefficiency among public schools. In the case of the public schools in the Philippines, regional characteristics, school characteristics such as the presence of electrical supply, a higher number of Mathematics teachers, and community characteristics contribute to lowering inefficiency in public schools.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save.

• Get 10 units per month
• Download Article/Chapter or eBook
• 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
• Cancel anytime

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Measuring the Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on School Efficiency in Australia

Assessing primary and lower secondary school efficiency within northern, central and southern italy.

Investigating the Relative Efficiency and Productivity Change of Upper Secondary Schools: the Case of Schools in the Region of Central Greece

Adams, D. (1993). Defining educational quality, improving educational quality project biennial report. Institute for International Research, USA.

Afonso, A., & St. Aubyn, M. (2005). Cross-country efficiency of secondary education provision. A semi-parametric analysis with nondiscretionary inputs. European Central Bank, Working Paper Series No. 494

Aigner, D., Lovell, C. A. K., & Schmidt, P. (1977). Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics, 6 , 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(77)90052-5

Article   Google Scholar  

Barrow, M. M. (1991). Measuring local education authority performance: A frontier approach. Economics of Education Review, 10 (1), 19–27.

Blyth, A., Almeida, R., Forrester, D., Gorey, A., & Zepeda, J. J. C. (2012). Upgrading school buildings in Mexico with social participation: The better schools program . Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Publishing.

Book   Google Scholar  

Boardman, A. E., Davis, O. A., & Sanday, P. R. (1977). A simultaneous equations model of the educational process. Journal of Public Economics, 7 , 23–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(77)90035-4

Bowles, S. (1970) Towards an education production function. In education, income, and human capital (pp. 11–70). NBER.

Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011). The long-term impact of teachers: Teacher-value added, and student outcomes in adulthood. Working Paper No. 17699. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge MA.

De Ree, J. (2016). How much teachers know and how much it matters in class: Analyzing three rounds of subject-specific test score data of Indonesian students and teachers. Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS 7556. World Bank, Washington DC.

De Witte, K., Maassen Van Den Brink, H., & Groot, W. (2010). The efficiency of education in generating literacy: A stochastic frontier approach. TIER Working Paper Series.

Deutsch, J., Dumas, A., & Silber, J. (2013). Estimating an education production function for five countries of Latin America on the basis of the PISA data. Economics of Education Review , 36 .

Deutsch, J., & Silber, J. (2013). On the determinants of scholastic performance in five asian countries. Economics Working Paper Series No. 335. Asian Development Bank.

Dolton, P., Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O., & Still, A. (2014). The efficiency index: Which education systems deliver the best value for money? GEMS Education Solutions .

Farrell, M. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 120 (3), 253–290. https://doi.org/10.2307/2343100

Fizbein, A., Schady, N., Ferreira, F. H. G., Grosh, M., Kelleher, N., Olinto, P., & Skoufias, E. (2009). Conditional cash transfers: Reducing present and future poverty. In Wening Handayani ve Clifford Burkley, Social assistance and conditional cash transfers—the proceedings of the regional workshop . Asian Development Bank.

Glewwe, P., Hanushek, E., Humpage, S., & Ravina, R. (2011). School resources and educational outcomes in developing countries: A review of the literature from 1990 to 2010 . National Bureau of Economic Research.

Hamilton, L. S., Stecher, B. M., & Klein, S. P. (2002). Making sense of test-based accountability in education . RAND Corporation.

Google Scholar  

Hanushek, E. (1993). Can equity be separated from efficiency in school finance debates? In E. P. Hoffman (Ed.), Essays on the economics of education (pp. 35–68) . W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.

Hanushek, E., & Kimko, D. (2000). Schooling, labor force quality and economic growth. American Economic Review, 90 .

Hanushek, E., Rivkin, S. G., & Taylor, L. L. (1996). Aggregation and the estimate effects of school resources. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 78 (4), 611–627.

Johnes, J. (2006). Measuring efficiency: A comparison of multilevel modelling and data envelopment analysis in the context of higher education. Bulletin of Economic Research, 58 (2), 75–104.

Koretz, D. M. (2008). Measuring up: What educational testing really tells us . Harvard University Press.

Krishnaratne, S., White, H., & Carpenter, E. (2013). Quality education for all children? What works in education in developing countries? Working Paper No. 20. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, New Delhi.

Maligalig, D. S., & Albert, J. R. G. (2008). Measures for assessing basic education in the philippines. Discussion Paper Series No. 2008-16. Philippine Institute for Development Studies.

Maligalig, D. S., Caoli-Rodriguez, R. B., Martinez, Jr. A., & Cuevas, S. (2010). Education outcomes in the Philippines. Economics Working Paper Series No. 199. Asian Development Bank.

Richmond, J. (1974). Estimating the efficiency of production. International Economic Review, 15 (2), 515–521.

United Nations (2017). Annex: Global indicator framework for the sustainable development goals and targets of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2015). Education 2030 agenda. Paris, France

Vos, R. (1996). Educational indicators: what’s to be measured? Inter-American Institute for Economic and Social Development Working Paper , I (1).

Waldo, S. (2006). Competition and public school efficiency in Sweden—An empirical evaluation of second-stage results for different models of non-discretionary inputs in data envelopment analysis. Working Paper No. 7, Department of Economics, Lund University.

Woolner, P., Hall, E., Higgins, S., Mccaughey, C., & Wall, K. (2007). A sound foundation? What we know about the impact of environments on learning and the implications for building schools for the future. Oxford Review of Education, 33 (1), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980601094693

World Bank. (2010). Philippines: Basic education public expenditure review . World Bank.

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Institute of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Batong Malake, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines

John Lorenzo A. Yambot

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John Lorenzo A. Yambot .

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest.

The author certifies that he has no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Yambot, J.L.A. Measuring the Efficiency of Educational Institutions: Evidence from Primary and Secondary Public Schools in the Philippines. Asia-Pacific Edu Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-024-00905-7

Download citation

Accepted : 01 September 2024

Published : 06 September 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-024-00905-7

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Basic education
• Poisson stochastic frontier analysis
• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research