test reported speech pdf

Reported speech - 1

Reported speech - 2

Reported speech - 3

Worksheets - handouts

Reported speech

Worksheets - pdf exercises.

• Reported statements - worksheet
• Worksheet - reported questions
• Reported yes/no questions
• Worksheet - reported speech
• Reported speech - exercises pdf
• Indirect speech - exercises
• Reported speech - exercises
• Mixed reported speech 1
• Mixed reported speech 2
• Reported speech 1 
• Reported speech 2  
• Reported speech 3 
• Reported speech 4
• Reported speech 5
• Reported wh- questions
• Reported speech - worksheet 
• Reported commands
• Reported questions
• Reported speech 1
• Reported speech 2
• Reported requests and orders
• Reported speech exercise
• Reported questions - worksheet
• Indirect speech - worksheet
• Worksheets pdf - print
• Grammar worksheets - handouts

Grammar - lessons

• Reported speech - grammar notes
• How to use reported speech - lesson
• Tense changes - grammar

Reported Speech with Examples and Test (PDF)

Reported speech is used when we want to convey what someone else has said to us or to another person. It involves paraphrasing or summarising what has been said , often changing verb tenses , pronouns and other elements to suit the context of the report.

*doesn’t change

Formula of Reported Speech

The formula for reported speech involves transforming direct speech into an indirect form while maintaining the meaning of the original statement. In general, the formula includes:

• Choosing an appropriate reporting verb (e.g., say, tell, mention, explain).
• Changing pronouns and time expressions if necessary.
• Shifting the tense of the verb back if the reporting verb is in the past tense.
• Using reporting clauses like “that” or appropriate conjunctions.
• Adjusting word order and punctuation to fit the structure of the reported speech.

Here’s a simplified formula:

Reporting Verb + Indirect Object + Conjunction + Reported Clause

For example:

• She said (reporting verb) to me (indirect object) that (conjunction) she liked ice cream (reported clause).

Here’s how we use reported speech:

Reporting Verbs: We use verbs like ‘say’ or ‘tell’ to introduce reported speech. If the reporting verb is in the present tense, the tense of the reported speech generally remains the same.

If the reporting verb is in the past tense , the tense of the reported speech often shifts back in time.

Tense Changes: Tense changes are common in reported speech. For example, present simple may change to past simple, present continuous to past continuous, etc. However, some verbs like ‘would’, ‘could’, ‘should’, ‘might’, ‘must’, and ‘ought to’ generally don’t change.

Reported Questions: When reporting questions, we often change them into statements while preserving the meaning. Question words are retained, and the tense of the verbs may change.

Reported Requests and Orders: Requests and orders are reported similarly to statements. Reported requests often use ‘asked me to’ + infinitive, while reported orders use ‘told me to’ + infinitive.

Time Expressions: Time expressions may need to change depending on when the reported speech occurred in relation to the reporting moment. For instance, ‘today’ may become ‘that day’ or ‘yesterday’, ‘yesterday’ might become ‘the day before’, and so forth.

Reported Speech with Examples PDF

  Reported Speech PDF – download

Reported Speech Test

  Reported Speech A2 – B1 Test – download

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Reported Speech Exercises

Perfect english grammar.

Here's a list of all the reported speech exercises on this site:

( Click here to read the explanations about reported speech )

Reported Statements:

• Present Simple Reported Statement Exercise (quite easy) (in PDF here)
• Present Continuous Reported Statement Exercise (quite easy) (in PDF here)
• Past Simple Reported Statement Exercise (quite easy) (in PDF here)
• Present Perfect Reported Statement Exercise (quite easy) (in PDF here)
• Future Simple Reported Statement Exercise (quite easy) (in PDF here)
• Mixed Tense Reported Statement Exercise (intermediate) (in PDF here)
• 'Say' and 'Tell' (quite easy) (in PDF here)

Reported Questions:

• Present Simple Reported Yes/No Question Exercise (intermediate) (in PDF here)
• Present Simple Reported Wh Question Exercise (intermediate) (in PDF here)
• Mixed Tense Reported Question Exercise (intermediate) (in PDF here)

Reported Orders and Requests:

• Reported Requests and Orders Exercise (intermediate) (in PDF here)
• Reported Speech Mixed Exercise 1 (difficult) (in PDF here)
• Reported Speech Mixed Exercise 2 (difficult) (in PDF here)

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The Arizona Supreme Court allows a near-total abortion ban to take effect soon

Katherine Davis-Young

After the Arizona Supreme Court allowed for near-total abortion ban, a group of abortion-rights protesters gathered outside the Arizona state Capitol in Phoenix on April 9, 2024. Katherine Davis-Young/KJZZ hide caption

After the Arizona Supreme Court allowed for near-total abortion ban, a group of abortion-rights protesters gathered outside the Arizona state Capitol in Phoenix on April 9, 2024.

PHOENIX - Abortions will soon be outlawed in Arizona except in cases where a pregnant person's life is at risk. The state Supreme Court has ruled Arizona should follow a restrictive abortion law dating back to the 1860s.

Since Dec. 2022, Arizona doctors have been allowed to provide abortions up to 15 weeks into a pregnancy, based on a lower court's interpretation of state laws. But the state Supreme Court now says Arizona should follow a law banning abortions in almost all cases . It makes no exceptions for rape or incest and makes performing an abortion punishable by two to five years in prison.

Florida's abortion fight is headed to voters after court allows for a 6-week ban

In the ruling, justices wrote that they will stay enforcement for 14 days , possibly longer, allowing abortions to continue during that time. Planned Parenthood Arizona, the state's largest abortion provider, says it plans to continue providing abortions as long as allowed.

An effort is already underway to put a measure on 2024 ballots that would enshrine abortion rights in the state constitution.

Democratic President Joe Biden criticized Arizona's ban in a statement, calling on Congress to pass federal abortion protections.

"Millions of Arizonans will soon live under an even more extreme and dangerous abortion ban, which fails to protect women even when their health is at risk or in tragic cases of rape or incest," he said. "This ruling is a result of the extreme agenda of Republican elected officials who are committed to ripping away women's freedom."

Vice President Kamala Harris is scheduled to travel to Tucson on Friday for an event focusing on "reproductive freedom." It's Harris' second trip to Arizona this year to push for expanding abortion access.

Abortion across the country

The decision comes a little more than a week after the Florida Supreme Court decided to allow that state's week's 6-week ban to take effect May 1, and a day following former President Donald Trump's announcement that abortion should be left up to the states , angering some of his supporters ahead of 2024 election.

Trump declines to back nationwide abortion ban, says it should be left to the states

The U.S. Supreme Court reversed Roe v. Wade nearly two years ago and handed abortion decisions back to states resulting in a patchwork of laws across the country.

Fourteen states ban abortion with very limited exceptions , according to the Guttmacher Institute, a group that supports abortion rights. Another 15 states protect abortion rights in various ways, according to Guttmacher.

This November, there are efforts in about a dozen states, including the one in Arizona, to add a question to voters' ballots supporting abortion rights.

Correction April 9, 2024

An earlier version of this story said that Arizona would not be able to enforce the state Supreme Court decision for 45 days. In fact, enforcement is stayed for 14 days, possibly longer.

Middle East latest: Striking Iran's nuclear facilities 'on the table', says ex-Mossad intelligence chief

A former official at the Israeli spy agency says targeting nuclear facilities in Iran is among the options on the table as Israel decides how to respond to Saturday's attack. Meanwhile, Iran's president has warned the "tiniest move" against the country would bring a "fierce" response.

Wednesday 17 April 2024 18:07, UK

• Israel-Hamas war

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• Striking Iran's nuclear facilities on the table, says ex-Mossad official
• 'Tiniest move' against Iran will spark 'fierce and painful' response, president warns
• Clear Israel will act in response to Iran attack, Cameron says
• Israel denied 'more than 40%' of UN aid delivery requests to northern Gaza last week
• Single Israeli shell destroyed more than 4,000 embryos after strike on fertility clinic
• Dominic Waghorn analysis: The coming hours could decide whether the Middle East is plunged into a widening war
• Michael Clarke analysis: All Israel's options for retaliation come with complications
• Live reporting by Ollie Cooper

It's 6pm here in London - 7pm in Gaza and Israel and 8pm in Tehran, so let's re-cap the day's events. 

Much of the day's focus has been on how Israel could respond to Iran's missile and drone barrage at the weekend:

• The former director of intelligence at the Israeli spy agency, Mossad, said targeting nuclear facilities in Iran was among the options on the table as Israel decides how to respond to Saturday's attack;
• Lord Cameron said during a visit to Israel it was "clear" that Benjamin Netanyahu's government will respond. 
• Meanwhile, Iran's president warned the "tiniest move" against the country would bring a "fierce" response, according to state media;
• On aid for Gaza, the UN said Israel denied "more than 40%" of its aid delivery requests to northern parts of the enclave last week;
• It emerged that a single Israeli shell destroyed more than 4,000 embryos when it struck Gaza's largest fertility clinic in December.

The cabinet has approved a five-year plan that would see $5bn spent on rebuilding and strengthening communities near Israel's border with Gaza. 

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Israel would invest the funds in housing, infrastructure, education, employment, health and other areas.

The funding came after the Hamas attacks on 7 October targeted communities near the border. 

"Hamas terrorists wanted to uproot us - but we will uproot them and deepen our roots," Mr Netanyahu said in a statement. 

"We will build the land of Israel and protect our country."

The prime minister's office said local communities would work with government ministries, and along with the business sector and philanthropy, to bring the region to be a "vital, flourishing and attractive area".

A massive US aid bill for countries including Israel and Ukraine held up for months will be filed in the House of Representatives today, the House speaker's has said. 

Mike Johnson said the text of four bills providing assistance to Ukraine, Israel and the Indo-Pacific would be filed "soon today", with a fourth including "other measures to confront Russia, China and Iran" posted later.

The bill, worth some $95bn (£76bn), was approved by the Democrat-led Senate on 13 February, but is likely to face stiff opposition in the Republican-controlled House of Representatives when it eventually makes the floor.

Both houses of Congress must approve the bill before President Joe Biden can sign it into law. 

However, former president Donald Trump and his Republican allies in Congress want funding directed toward domestic issues such as border control, rather than on foreign wars. 

Critics of Mr Trump have suggested he is deliberately blocking legislation that would ensure funding for both Ukraine and border control because he intends to focus his election campaign on immigration and it is therefore not in his interests to improve the perceived problems.

The United Nations' Security Council will vote on Friday on whether to allow Palestine to fully join the organisation, anonymous sources have told the Reuters news agency.

Israel's ally the US is expected to block the move, as it would effectively recognise a Palestinian state. 

The 15-member council is due to vote at 3pm local time 8pm UK time on Friday on a draft resolution that recommends to the 193-member UN General Assembly that "the state of Palestine be admitted to membership of the United Nations," said diplomats. 

The council needs nine votes to pass it - and crucially no vetoes from any of the permanent members (US, UK, France, Russia or China).

Foreign ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) major democracies are gathering on the Italian island of Capri for three days of talks.

The meeting is being overshadowed by expectations of an Israeli retaliation against Iran for its missile and drone attacks over the weekend. 

Italy, which holds the G7's rotating presidency, has been pushing for a ceasefire in Gaza and a de-escalation in the wider Middle East. 

"Against a background of strong international tensions, the Italian-led G7 is tasked with working for peace," foreign minister Antonio Tajani said in a statement.

The G7 pledged support for Israel following the attack. 

A single Israeli shell destroyed more than 4,000 embryos when it struck Gaza's largest fertility clinic in December, it has emerged,

The explosion blasted the lids off five liquid nitrogen tanks at Gaza City's Al Basma IVF centre, causing to evaporate the -180C liquid holding the embryos and 1,000 more specimens of sperm and unfertilized eggs.

"We know deeply what these 5,000 lives, or potential lives, meant for the parents, either for the future or for the past," said Bahaeldeen Ghalayini, 73, the Cambridge-trained obstetrician and gynaecologist who established the clinic in 1997.

At least half of the couples can no longer produce sperm or eggs to make viable embryos, he said.

"My heart is divided into a million pieces."

In April, the embryology lab was still strewn with broken masonry, blown-up lab supplies and, amid the rubble, the liquid nitrogen tanks, according to a Reuters-commissioned journalist who visited the site.

The former director of intelligence at the Israeli spy agency, Mossad, says targeting nuclear facilities in Iran is among the options on the table as Israel decides how to respond to Saturday's attack.

Zohar Palti spoke to  The World with Yalda Hakim  in Jerusalem about possible responses after Iran launched more than 300 missiles and drones at Israel.

Asked if everything was on the table, including targeting nuclear facilities, Mr Palti said: "No doubt. Everything is on the table right now." 

Pressed on whether this included nuclear facilities, he said: "Including everything."

Iran temporarily closed its nuclear facilities on Sunday over "security considerations" and the International Atomic Energy Agency kept its inspectors away for two days.

The attack on Israel came after a deadly suspected Israeli strike on the Iranian consulate in Syria. The IDF said 99% of the weapons fired at Israel failed to break through its air defences.

Watch the rest of his interview from 9pm in The World With Yalda Hakim live from Jerusalem.

By Alistair Bunkall , Middle East correspondent

There is little doubt in diplomatic and political circles here that Israel will carry out a reprisal attack on Iran.

David Cameron, on a short visit to Jerusalem, said as much in TV interviews.

The questions remain when and where. Israeli leaders are keeping that very close, not even telling visiting foreign ministers from allied countries, but it might be that no final decision has been made.

Cameron is canny enough to know that if he came here pushing a message of "don't do it" then he might be shown up as ineffective in the coming days.

And so the language has changed to "okay, if you have to do it, then make sure it's reasonable and doesn't escalate matters further". 

With the US and European capitals saying the same (the German foreign minister was here today too), it might have some sway.

Israel says it needs to send Iran a clear message but doesn't want an escalation - that's all very well but Iran might not see it like that.

Assuming the do-nothing, "take-the-win" option is off the table, the next best outcome is for a series of increasingly smaller events that ultimately see this crisis fizzle out.

I've also picked up frustration among diplomats over political attempts back in the UK to designate the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terror organisation. 

It would have no impact on the current crisis and could put the future of the British Embassy in doubt. 

That would then remove a vital back-channel of communication, not just for the UK, but for allies like the US and Israel to lean on London for that. 

It's moments like these when those channels come into their own and the Foreign Office can be influential.

Ultimately though, Israel's main message to Iran won't be via diplomatic back-channels but a military strike which, in their words, will be "in a manner and time of their choosing".

The Lebanese foreign minister is speaking with special correspondent Alex Crawford following exchanges of fire between Hezbollah and Israel across the Israeli border.

Asked about Israel's determination to retaliate against Iran, Abdallah Bou Habib says Lebanon is worried.

"Any kind of revenge is going to end up with a bigger war, probably," he says.

"And therefore Lebanon, Syria and Jordan may be in trouble."

Mr Habib hopes for a ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israel, he says.

If the UN were to move in that direction, the Lebanese government would "most probably" support it.

"We are left not able to do anything of the sort. It is not a matter of the Hezbollah stronger than the Lebanese army, because they not going to collide or fight each other."

Up until 7 October, there was "nothing on the border", he says, saying he hoped to return to a stable border.

More than 5,000 houses have been destroyed in Lebanon by Israeli attacks, says Mr Habib.

Asked about Hezbollah's backing of the Iranian attack, Mr Habib says: "We do not welcome it and we don't denounce the attack, because Israel started it."

"We do not have influence over Hezbollah as long as there is fighting between them and Israelis, and if we have a choice then we support Hezbollah."

A two-state solution is "the solution for most of the problems in the Middle East", he says.

Foreign Secretary Lord Cameron has said he repeated his view that any response to Iran should be designed to limit and de-escalate the conflict when visiting Israel today.

"Nobody wants to see this conflict grow and spread," said Lord Cameron.

He turned to Hamas, which he blamed for holding up a truce deal in Gaza.

"Everyone should recognise that it is Hamas that is causing this conflict to continue."

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Gemini 1.5 Pro Now Available in 180+ Countries; With Native Audio Understanding, System Instructions, JSON Mode and More

April 09, 2024

Grab an API key in Google AI Studio , and get started with the Gemini API Cookbook

Less than two months ago, we made our next-generation Gemini 1.5 Pro model available in Google AI Studio for developers to try out. We’ve been amazed by what the community has been able to debug , create and learn using our groundbreaking 1 million context window.

Today, we’re making Gemini 1.5 Pro available in 180+ countries via the Gemini API in public preview, with a first-ever native audio (speech) understanding capability and a new File API to make it easy to handle files. We’re also launching new features like system instructions and JSON mode to give developers more control over the model’s output. Lastly, we’re releasing our next generation text embedding model that outperforms comparable models. Go to Google AI Studio to create or access your API key, and start building.

Unlock new use cases with audio and video modalities

We’re expanding the input modalities for Gemini 1.5 Pro to include audio (speech) understanding in both the Gemini API and Google AI Studio. Additionally, Gemini 1.5 Pro is now able to reason across both image (frames) and audio (speech) for videos uploaded in Google AI Studio, and we look forward to adding API support for this soon.

Gemini API Improvements

Today, we’re addressing a number of top developer requests:

1. System instructions : Guide the model’s responses with system instructions, now available in Google AI Studio and the Gemini API. Define roles, formats, goals, and rules to steer the model's behavior for your specific use case. Set System Instructions easily in Google AI Studio 2. JSON mode : Instruct the model to only output JSON objects. This mode enables structured data extraction from text or images. You can get started with cURL, and Python SDK support is coming soon. 3. Improvements to function calling : You can now select modes to limit the model’s outputs, improving reliability. Choose text, function call, or just the function itself.

A new embedding model with improved performance

Starting today, developers will be able to access our next generation text embedding model via the Gemini API. The new model, text-embedding-004 , (text-embedding-preview-0409 in Vertex AI ), achieves a stronger retrieval performance and outperforms existing models with comparable dimensions, on the MTEB benchmarks .

These are just the first of many improvements coming to the Gemini API and Google AI Studio in the next few weeks. We’re continuing to work on making Google AI Studio and the Gemini API the easiest way to build with Gemini. Get started today in Google AI Studio with Gemini 1.5 Pro, explore code examples and quickstarts in our new Gemini API Cookbook , and join our community channel on Discord .