assignment and equal operator

What's the Difference Between the Assignment (`=`) and Equality (`==`, `===`) Operators?

.css-13lojzj{position:absolute;padding-right:0.25rem;margin-left:-1.25rem;left:0;height:100%;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:none;} .css-b94zdx{width:1rem;height:1rem;} The Problem

People who are new to programming often find it difficult to understand the difference between = , == , and === .

In mathematics we only use = , so what do the other two mean?

The Solution

The = is an assignment operator, while == and === are called equality operators.

Assignment Operator ( = )

In mathematics and algebra, = is an equal to operator. In programming = is an assignment operator , which means that it assigns a value to a variable.

For example, the following code will store a value of 5 in the variable x :

We can combine the declaration and assignment in one line:

It may look like the assignment operator works the same way as algebra’s equal to operator, but that’s not the case.

For example, the following doesn’t make any sense in algebra:

But it is acceptable in JavaScript (and other programming languages). JavaScript will take the expression on the right-hand side of the operator x + 4 and store this value in x again.

Equality Operator ( == )

In JavaScript, the operator that compares two values is written like this: == . It is called an equality operator . The equality operator is one of the many comparison operators in JavaScript that are used in logical and conditional statements.

The equality operator returns true or false based on whether the operands (the values being compared) are equal.

For example, the following code will return false :

Interestingly, if we compare an integer 5 and a string "5" it returns true .

That is because in most cases, if the two operands are not of the same type, JavaScript attempts to convert them to an appropriate type for comparison. This behavior generally results in comparing the operands numerically.

Strict Equality Operator ( === )

Like the equality operator above, the strict equality operator compares the two values. But unlike the equality operator, the strict equality operator compares both the content and the type of the operands.

So using the strict equality operator, 5 and "5" are not equal.

It is better to use the strict equality operator to prevent type conversions, which may result in unexpected bugs. But if you’re certain the types on both sides will be the same, there is no problem with using the shorter operator.

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• Expressions and operators
• Operator precedence

Left-hand-side expressions

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This chapter describes JavaScript's expressions and operators, including assignment, comparison, arithmetic, bitwise, logical, string, ternary and more.

A complete and detailed list of operators and expressions is also available in the reference .

JavaScript has the following types of operators. This section describes the operators and contains information about operator precedence.

• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Arithmetic operators
• Bitwise operators

Logical operators

String operators, conditional (ternary) operator.

• Comma operator

Unary operators

• Relational operator

JavaScript has both binary and unary operators, and one special ternary operator, the conditional operator. A binary operator requires two operands, one before the operator and one after the operator:

For example, 3+4 or x*y .

A unary operator requires a single operand, either before or after the operator:

For example, x++ or ++x .

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand. The simple assignment operator is equal ( = ), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand. That is, x = y assigns the value of y to x .

There are also compound assignment operators that are shorthand for the operations listed in the following table:

Destructuring

For more complex assignments, the destructuring assignment syntax is a JavaScript expression that makes it possible to extract data from arrays or objects using a syntax that mirrors the construction of array and object literals.

A comparison operator compares its operands and returns a logical value based on whether the comparison is true. The operands can be numerical, string, logical, or object values. Strings are compared based on standard lexicographical ordering, using Unicode values. In most cases, if the two operands are not of the same type, JavaScript attempts to convert them to an appropriate type for the comparison. This behavior generally results in comparing the operands numerically. The sole exceptions to type conversion within comparisons involve the === and !== operators, which perform strict equality and inequality comparisons. These operators do not attempt to convert the operands to compatible types before checking equality. The following table describes the comparison operators in terms of this sample code:

Note:  ( => ) is not an operator, but the notation for Arrow functions .

An arithmetic operator takes numerical values (either literals or variables) as their operands and returns a single numerical value. The standard arithmetic operators are addition ( + ), subtraction ( - ), multiplication ( * ), and division ( / ). These operators work as they do in most other programming languages when used with floating point numbers (in particular, note that division by zero produces Infinity ). For example:

In addition to the standard arithmetic operations (+, -, * /), JavaScript provides the arithmetic operators listed in the following table:

A bitwise operator treats their operands as a set of 32 bits (zeros and ones), rather than as decimal, hexadecimal, or octal numbers. For example, the decimal number nine has a binary representation of 1001. Bitwise operators perform their operations on such binary representations, but they return standard JavaScript numerical values.

The following table summarizes JavaScript's bitwise operators.

Bitwise logical operators

Conceptually, the bitwise logical operators work as follows:

• The operands are converted to thirty-two-bit integers and expressed by a series of bits (zeros and ones). Numbers with more than 32 bits get their most significant bits discarded. For example, the following integer with more than 32 bits will be converted to a 32 bit integer: Before: 11100110111110100000000000000110000000000001 After: 10100000000000000110000000000001
• Each bit in the first operand is paired with the corresponding bit in the second operand: first bit to first bit, second bit to second bit, and so on.
• The operator is applied to each pair of bits, and the result is constructed bitwise.

For example, the binary representation of nine is 1001, and the binary representation of fifteen is 1111. So, when the bitwise operators are applied to these values, the results are as follows:

Note that all 32 bits are inverted using the Bitwise NOT operator, and that values with the most significant (left-most) bit set to 1 represent negative numbers (two's-complement representation).

Bitwise shift operators

The bitwise shift operators take two operands: the first is a quantity to be shifted, and the second specifies the number of bit positions by which the first operand is to be shifted. The direction of the shift operation is controlled by the operator used.

Shift operators convert their operands to thirty-two-bit integers and return a result of the same type as the left operand.

The shift operators are listed in the following table.

Logical operators are typically used with Boolean (logical) values; when they are, they return a Boolean value. However, the && and || operators actually return the value of one of the specified operands, so if these operators are used with non-Boolean values, they may return a non-Boolean value. The logical operators are described in the following table.

Examples of expressions that can be converted to false are those that evaluate to null, 0, NaN, the empty string (""), or undefined.

The following code shows examples of the && (logical AND) operator.

The following code shows examples of the || (logical OR) operator.

The following code shows examples of the ! (logical NOT) operator.

Short-circuit evaluation

As logical expressions are evaluated left to right, they are tested for possible "short-circuit" evaluation using the following rules:

• false && anything is short-circuit evaluated to false.
• true || anything is short-circuit evaluated to true.

The rules of logic guarantee that these evaluations are always correct. Note that the anything part of the above expressions is not evaluated, so any side effects of doing so do not take effect.

In addition to the comparison operators, which can be used on string values, the concatenation operator (+) concatenates two string values together, returning another string that is the union of the two operand strings.

For example,

The shorthand assignment operator += can also be used to concatenate strings.

The conditional operator is the only JavaScript operator that takes three operands. The operator can have one of two values based on a condition. The syntax is:

If condition is true, the operator has the value of val1 . Otherwise it has the value of val2 . You can use the conditional operator anywhere you would use a standard operator.

This statement assigns the value "adult" to the variable status if age is eighteen or more. Otherwise, it assigns the value "minor" to status .

The comma operator ( , ) simply evaluates both of its operands and returns the value of the last operand. This operator is primarily used inside a for loop, to allow multiple variables to be updated each time through the loop.

For example, if a is a 2-dimensional array with 10 elements on a side, the following code uses the comma operator to update two variables at once. The code prints the values of the diagonal elements in the array:

A unary operation is an operation with only one operand.

The delete operator deletes an object, an object's property, or an element at a specified index in an array. The syntax is:

where objectName is the name of an object, property is an existing property, and index is an integer representing the location of an element in an array.

The fourth form is legal only within a with statement, to delete a property from an object.

You can use the delete operator to delete variables declared implicitly but not those declared with the var statement.

If the delete operator succeeds, it sets the property or element to undefined . The delete operator returns true if the operation is possible; it returns false if the operation is not possible.

Deleting array elements

When you delete an array element, the array length is not affected. For example, if you delete a[3] , a[4] is still a[4] and a[3] is undefined.

When the delete operator removes an array element, that element is no longer in the array. In the following example, trees[3] is removed with delete . However, trees[3] is still addressable and returns undefined .

If you want an array element to exist but have an undefined value, use the undefined keyword instead of the delete operator. In the following example, trees[3] is assigned the value undefined , but the array element still exists:

The typeof operator is used in either of the following ways:

The typeof operator returns a string indicating the type of the unevaluated operand. operand is the string, variable, keyword, or object for which the type is to be returned. The parentheses are optional.

Suppose you define the following variables:

The typeof operator returns the following results for these variables:

For the keywords true and null , the typeof operator returns the following results:

For a number or string, the typeof operator returns the following results:

For property values, the typeof operator returns the type of value the property contains:

For methods and functions, the typeof operator returns results as follows:

For predefined objects, the typeof operator returns results as follows:

The void operator is used in either of the following ways:

The void operator specifies an expression to be evaluated without returning a value. expression is a JavaScript expression to evaluate. The parentheses surrounding the expression are optional, but it is good style to use them.

You can use the void operator to specify an expression as a hypertext link. The expression is evaluated but is not loaded in place of the current document.

The following code creates a hypertext link that does nothing when the user clicks it. When the user clicks the link, void(0) evaluates to undefined , which has no effect in JavaScript.

The following code creates a hypertext link that submits a form when the user clicks it.

Relational operators

A relational operator compares its operands and returns a Boolean value based on whether the comparison is true.

The in operator returns true if the specified property is in the specified object. The syntax is:

where propNameOrNumber is a string or numeric expression representing a property name or array index, and objectName is the name of an object.

The following examples show some uses of the in operator.

The instanceof operator returns true if the specified object is of the specified object type. The syntax is:

where objectName is the name of the object to compare to objectType , and objectType is an object type, such as Date or Array .

Use instanceof when you need to confirm the type of an object at runtime. For example, when catching exceptions, you can branch to different exception-handling code depending on the type of exception thrown.

For example, the following code uses instanceof to determine whether theDay is a Date object. Because theDay is a Date object, the statements in the if statement execute.

The precedence of operators determines the order they are applied when evaluating an expression. You can override operator precedence by using parentheses.

The following table describes the precedence of operators, from highest to lowest.

A more detailed version of this table, complete with links to additional details about each operator, may be found in JavaScript Reference .

• Expressions

An expression is any valid unit of code that resolves to a value.

Every syntactically valid expression resolves to some value but conceptually, there are two types of expressions: with side effects (for example: those that assign value to a variable) and those that in some sense evaluates and therefore resolves to value.

The expression x = 7 is an example of the first type. This expression uses the = operator to assign the value seven to the variable x . The expression itself evaluates to seven.

The code 3 + 4 is an example of the second expression type. This expression uses the + operator to add three and four together without assigning the result, seven, to a variable. JavaScript has the following expression categories:

• Arithmetic: evaluates to a number, for example 3.14159. (Generally uses arithmetic operators .)
• String: evaluates to a character string, for example, "Fred" or "234". (Generally uses string operators .)
• Logical: evaluates to true or false. (Often involves logical operators .)
• Primary expressions: Basic keywords and general expressions in JavaScript.
• Left-hand-side expressions: Left values are the destination of an assignment.

Primary expressions

Basic keywords and general expressions in JavaScript.

Use the this keyword to refer to the current object. In general, this refers to the calling object in a method. Use this either with the dot or the bracket notation:

Suppose a function called validate validates an object's value property, given the object and the high and low values:

You could call validate in each form element's onChange event handler, using this to pass it the form element, as in the following example:

• Grouping operator

The grouping operator ( ) controls the precedence of evaluation in expressions. For example, you can override multiplication and division first, then addition and subtraction to evaluate addition first.

Comprehensions

Comprehensions are an experimental JavaScript feature, targeted to be included in a future ECMAScript version. There are two versions of comprehensions:

Comprehensions exist in many programming languages and allow you to quickly assemble a new array based on an existing one, for example.

Left values are the destination of an assignment.

You can use the new operator to create an instance of a user-defined object type or of one of the built-in object types. Use new as follows:

The super keyword is used to call functions on an object's parent. It is useful with classes to call the parent constructor, for example.

Spread operator

The spread operator allows an expression to be expanded in places where multiple arguments (for function calls) or multiple elements (for array literals) are expected.

Example: Today if you have an array and want to create a new array with the existing one being part of it, the array literal syntax is no longer sufficient and you have to fall back to imperative code, using a combination of push , splice , concat , etc. With spread syntax this becomes much more succinct:

Similarly, the spread operator works with function calls:

Document Tags and Contributors

• l10n:priority
• JavaScript basics
• JavaScript first steps
• JavaScript building blocks
• Introducing JavaScript objects
• Introduction
• Grammar and types
• Control flow and error handling
• Loops and iteration
• Numbers and dates
• Text formatting
• Regular expressions
• Indexed collections
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• Working with objects
• Details of the object model
• Iterators and generators
• Meta programming
• A re-introduction to JavaScript
• JavaScript data structures
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• Inheritance and the prototype chain
• Strict mode
• JavaScript typed arrays
• Memory Management
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• References:
• ArrayBuffer
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• InternalError
• Intl.Collator
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• ReferenceError
• SIMD.Bool16x8
• SIMD.Bool32x4
• SIMD.Bool64x2
• SIMD.Bool8x16
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• SharedArrayBuffer
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• WebAssembly
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• Legacy generator function expression
• Logical Operators
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• async function expression
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• delete operator
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• element loaded from a different domain for which you violated the same-origin policy.">Error: Permission denied to access property "x"
• InternalError: too much recursion
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• Warning: 08/09 is not a legal ECMA-262 octal constant
• Warning: Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat is deprecated
• Warning: JavaScript 1.6's for-each-in loops are deprecated
• Warning: String.x is deprecated; use String.prototype.x instead
• Warning: expression closures are deprecated
• Warning: unreachable code after return statement
• JavaScript technologies overview
• Lexical grammar
• Enumerability and ownership of properties
• Iteration protocols
• Transitioning to strict mode
• Template literals
• Deprecated features
• ECMAScript 2015 support in Mozilla
• ECMAScript 5 support in Mozilla
• ECMAScript Next support in Mozilla
• Firefox JavaScript changelog
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• New in JavaScript 1.6
• New in JavaScript 1.7
• New in JavaScript 1.8
• New in JavaScript 1.8.1
• New in JavaScript 1.8.5
• Documentation:
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Assignment vs Equality

Kenneth Leroy Busbee

Assignment  sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location denoted by a variable name. [1] Equality is a relational operator that tests or defines the relationship between two entities. [2]

Most control structures use a test expression that executes either selection (as in the: if then else) or iteration (as in the while; do while; or for loops) based on the truthfulness or falseness of the expression. Thus, we often talk about the Boolean expression that is controlling the structure. Within many programming languages, this expression must be a Boolean expression and is governed by a tight set of rules. However, in many programming languages, each data type can be used as a Boolean expression because each data type can be demoted into a Boolean value by using the rule/concept that zero and nothing represent false and all non-zero values represent true.

Within various languages, we have the potential added confusion of the equals symbol = as an operator that does not represent the normal math meaning of equality that we have used for most of our life. The equals symbol typically means: assignment. To get the equality concept of math we often use two equal symbols to represent the relational operator of equality. Let’s consider:

The test expression of the control structure will always be true because the expression is an assignment (not the relational operator of == ). It assigns the ‘y’ to the variable pig, then looks at the value in pig and determines that it is not zero; therefore the expression is true. And it will always be true and the else part will never be executed. This is not what the programmer had intended. The correct syntax for a Boolean expression is:

This example reminds you that you must be careful in creating your test expressions so that they are indeed a question, usually involving the relational operators. Some programming languages will generate a warning or an error when an assignment is used in a Boolean expression, and some do not.

Don’t get caught using assignment for equality.

• cnx.org: Programming Fundamentals – A Modular Structured Approach using C++
• Wikipedia: Assignment (computer science) ↵
• Wikipedia: Relational operator ↵

Programming Fundamentals Copyright © 2018 by Kenneth Leroy Busbee is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Js versions, js functions, js html dom, js browser bom, js web apis, js vs jquery, js graphics, js examples, js references, javascript operators.

Javascript operators are used to perform different types of mathematical and logical computations.

The Assignment Operator = assigns values

The Addition Operator + adds values

The Multiplication Operator * multiplies values

The Comparison Operator > compares values

JavaScript Assignment

The Assignment Operator ( = ) assigns a value to a variable:

Assignment Examples

Javascript addition.

The Addition Operator ( + ) adds numbers:

JavaScript Multiplication

The Multiplication Operator ( * ) multiplies numbers:

Multiplying

Types of javascript operators.

There are different types of JavaScript operators:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Comparison Operators
• String Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Ternary Operators
• Type Operators

JavaScript Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic Operators are used to perform arithmetic on numbers:

Arithmetic Operators Example

Arithmetic operators are fully described in the JS Arithmetic chapter.

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JavaScript Assignment Operators

Assignment operators assign values to JavaScript variables.

The Addition Assignment Operator ( += ) adds a value to a variable.

Assignment operators are fully described in the JS Assignment chapter.

JavaScript Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are fully described in the JS Comparisons chapter.

JavaScript String Comparison

All the comparison operators above can also be used on strings:

Note that strings are compared alphabetically:

JavaScript String Addition

The + can also be used to add (concatenate) strings:

The += assignment operator can also be used to add (concatenate) strings:

The result of text1 will be:

When used on strings, the + operator is called the concatenation operator.

Adding Strings and Numbers

Adding two numbers, will return the sum, but adding a number and a string will return a string:

The result of x , y , and z will be:

If you add a number and a string, the result will be a string!

JavaScript Logical Operators

Logical operators are fully described in the JS Comparisons chapter.

JavaScript Type Operators

Type operators are fully described in the JS Type Conversion chapter.

JavaScript Bitwise Operators

Bit operators work on 32 bits numbers.

The examples above uses 4 bits unsigned examples. But JavaScript uses 32-bit signed numbers. Because of this, in JavaScript, ~ 5 will not return 10. It will return -6. ~00000000000000000000000000000101 will return 11111111111111111111111111111010

Bitwise operators are fully described in the JS Bitwise chapter.

Test Yourself With Exercises

Multiply 10 with 5 , and alert the result.

Start the Exercise

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Exercise 1 »   Exercise 2 »   Exercise 3 »   Exercise 4 »   Exercise 5 »

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4.6: Assignment Operator

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• Patrick McClanahan
• San Joaquin Delta College

Assignment Operator

The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within C++ programming language the symbol used is the equal symbol. But bite your tongue, when you see the = symbol you need to start thinking: assignment. The assignment operator has two operands. The one to the left of the operator is usually an identifier name for a variable. The one to the right of the operator is a value.

The value 21 is moved to the memory location for the variable named: age. Another way to say it: age is assigned the value 21.

The item to the right of the assignment operator is an expression. The expression will be evaluated and the answer is 14. The value 14 would assigned to the variable named: total_cousins.

The expression to the right of the assignment operator contains some identifier names. The program would fetch the values stored in those variables; add them together and get a value of 44; then assign the 44 to the total_students variable.

As we have seen, assignment operators are used to assigning value to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data-type of the variable on the left side otherwise the compiler will raise an error. Different types of assignment operators are shown below:

• “=” : This is the simplest assignment operator, which was discussed above. This operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. For example: a = 10; b = 20; ch = 'y';

If initially the value 5 is stored in the variable a,  then:  (a += 6) is equal to 11.  (the same as: a = a + 6)

If initially value 8 is stored in the variable a, then (a -= 6) is equal to  2. (the same as a = a - 6)

If initially value 5 is stored in the variable a,, then (a *= 6) is equal to 30. (the same as a = a * 6)

If initially value 6 is stored in the variable a, then (a /= 2) is equal to 3. (the same as a = a / 2)

Below example illustrates the various Assignment Operators:

Definitions

 Adapted from:  "Assignment Operator"  by  Kenneth Leroy Busbee , (Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/[email protected] ) is licensed under  CC BY 4.0

Difference between equal to (==) and assignment operator (=) in Python

In this article, we would discuss the difference between equal to (==) and assignment operator (=) in Python. In programming languages, we need to assign values to the variables this is achieved through assignment operator . Furthermore, to compare values stored in variables we use comparison operators. Want to know about comparison operators in Python ? equal to comes under the category of comparison operators.

If you have just started with Python then it may look confusing in the beginning. But, these are pretty easy to use once we understand what we are trying to achieve with both these operators. So, we start with the basic introduction followed by relevant examples.

Firstly, equal to (==) operator – as already discussed it is a comparison operator. It is used to check if two values/variables are equal. For instance, string “abc” is equal to string “abc” but not equal to string “xyz”. If the condition satisfies then, it returns with True otherwise False. In addition to, it won’t always be plain True/False outcome. At times, we would ask the interpreter to execute a specific code if a condition satisfies otherwise something else. Even for those cases, the equal to (==) operator works just fine.

Now, understand it with couple of examples next. We compare an integer with integer and then string with a string.

For both, it would return with True .

As expected, it returns with False . We go a step further and use if..else statement .

It would return with –

Note: Please take care of indentation in above code otherwise it would result in an error.

Here, if..else statement checks whether x is equal to 1 or not. And, shows the outcome accordingly. If you want to know more about if..else statement in Python .

Secondly, assignment (=) operator – these are used to assign values to the variable. If we want to write an efficient and clutter-free code then, we have to assign values to the variables. And, these variables can later be used to perform various operations. So, this is how it works –

Clearly, we assigned some value to x and y variables. Later, these we printed using print() method.

In conclusion , we have covered difference between equal to and assignment operators operator in Python here.

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Assignment operators (C# reference)

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The assignment operator = assigns the value of its right-hand operand to a variable, a property , or an indexer element given by its left-hand operand. The result of an assignment expression is the value assigned to the left-hand operand. The type of the right-hand operand must be the same as the type of the left-hand operand or implicitly convertible to it.

The assignment operator = is right-associative, that is, an expression of the form

is evaluated as

The following example demonstrates the usage of the assignment operator with a local variable, a property, and an indexer element as its left-hand operand:

The left-hand operand of an assignment receives the value of the right-hand operand. When the operands are of value types , assignment copies the contents of the right-hand operand. When the operands are of reference types , assignment copies the reference to the object.

This is called value assignment : the value is assigned.

ref assignment

Ref assignment = ref makes its left-hand operand an alias to the right-hand operand, as the following example demonstrates:

In the preceding example, the local reference variable arrayElement is initialized as an alias to the first array element. Then, it's ref reassigned to refer to the last array element. As it's an alias, when you update its value with an ordinary assignment operator = , the corresponding array element is also updated.

The left-hand operand of ref assignment can be a local reference variable , a ref field , and a ref , out , or in method parameter. Both operands must be of the same type.

Compound assignment

For a binary operator op , a compound assignment expression of the form

is equivalent to

except that x is only evaluated once.

Compound assignment is supported by arithmetic , Boolean logical , and bitwise logical and shift operators.

Null-coalescing assignment

You can use the null-coalescing assignment operator ??= to assign the value of its right-hand operand to its left-hand operand only if the left-hand operand evaluates to null . For more information, see the ?? and ??= operators article.

Operator overloadability

A user-defined type can't overload the assignment operator. However, a user-defined type can define an implicit conversion to another type. That way, the value of a user-defined type can be assigned to a variable, a property, or an indexer element of another type. For more information, see User-defined conversion operators .

A user-defined type can't explicitly overload a compound assignment operator. However, if a user-defined type overloads a binary operator op , the op= operator, if it exists, is also implicitly overloaded.

C# language specification

For more information, see the Assignment operators section of the C# language specification .

• C# operators and expressions
• ref keyword
• Use compound assignment (style rules IDE0054 and IDE0074)

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Assignment operators are used for assigning value to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data-type of the variable on the left side otherwise the compiler will raise an error.

Different types of assignment operators are shown below:

1. “=”: This is the simplest assignment operator. This operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. Example:

2. “+=” : This operator is combination of ‘+’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first adds the current value of the variable on left to the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 5. Then (a += 6) = 11.

3. “-=” This operator is combination of ‘-‘ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first subtracts the value on the right from the current value of the variable on left and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 8. Then (a -= 6) = 2.

4. “*=” This operator is combination of ‘*’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first multiplies the current value of the variable on left to the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 5. Then (a *= 6) = 30.

5. “/=” This operator is combination of ‘/’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first divides the current value of the variable on left by the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 6. Then (a /= 2) = 3.

Below example illustrates the various Assignment Operators:

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Job Posting: Caltrans Equipment Operator II

Department of Transportation

$4,741.00 - $5,720.00 per Month

Final Filing Date: 5/8/2024

Job Description and Duties

Under the direction of a Caltrans Maintenance Supervisor, the Caltrans Equipment Operator II (CEO II) will operate and service vehicles requiring a Class A commercial driver's license with tank (N) endorsement, and performs work related to highway maintenance, structures maintenance, construction, and Landscape Maintenance. When not operating the specified equipment, the Equipment Operator II may perform any of the duties outlined under Caltrans Equipment Operator I, Caltrans Highway or Landscape Maintenance Worker, and perform other related highway maintenance work.  The CEO II maintains knowledge of all current mandated and applicable safety training and standards, policies, practices, directives, and expectations, and complies with all departmental training and safe work practice requirements.  The CEO II may be assigned to other operations units and/or geographical areas as operations needs dictate. Overnight travel out of town up to 80 percent of the time may be required to meet operational needs. The incumbent will operate, and service highway maintenance equipment identified as Levels of Equipment for Caltrans Equipment Operator I and II. The incumbent will operate appropriate equipment to conduct asphalt and concrete repair and preventative maintenance operations related to SB-1.  Will carry out the installation and repair of signs, fence and guardrail and may perform striping, pavement marking, culvert, and bridge-related work. The incumbent may be required to perform snow and ice control tasks including truck, grader, or rotary plowing, repair and removal, chain control operations, apply de-icing materials, and the construction and repair of traction control devices.  May be required to operate a mobile sweeper as the designated operator for all cost centers within the Superintendents' area. The incumbent maintains knowledge of all current mandated and applicable safety training and standards, policies, practices, directives, and expectations, and complies with all departmental training and safe work practice requirements.

Eligibility for hire may be determined by your score on the Caltrans Equipment Operator II Exam. For those who do not have current eligibility (e.g., transfer, permissive reinstatement, or voluntary demotions) and/or who will be new to state civil services employment, you must be on the state examination list to be eligible for these positions. The Caltrans Equipment Operator II Exam is located here:  https://www.calcareers.ca.gov/CalHrPublic/Exams/Bulletin.aspx?examCD=9PB20

T he Human Resources Contact is available to answer questions regarding the application process. The Hiring Unit Contact is available to answer questions regarding the position.

Permanent, intermittent positions are not subject to Post and Bid. A permanent, intermittent employee may work up to 1,500 hours in any 12 consecutive months.  The number of hours and schedule of work shall be determined based upon the operational needs of each department.

Apply today to join our team!  We especially encourage applicants to check out our Caltrans Career Compass tool!  The Caltrans Career Compass is a tool to assist and help candidates understand and succeed in applying to Caltrans positions.

You will find additional information about the job in the Duty Statement .

Working Conditions

This position is located in Jamestown/ Sonora, Groveland and/or Long Barn, Tuolumne  County

The incumbent may be exposed to and work in loud noise, dust, chemicals, extreme weather conditions, great heights, confined spaces, uneven and unstable terrain, and next to vehicle traffic. The incumbent will be required to wear all personal protective equipment and follow all policies, and procedures. Will be required to work rotating or irregular shifts, including weekends, nights, holidays, overtime, and be able to respond to after-hour emergencies.

New to State candidates will be hired into the minimum salary of the classification or minimum of alternate range when applicable.

Minimum Requirements

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Department information.

Caltrans Mission : Provide a safe and reliable transportation network that serves all people and respects the environment.

Caltrans Vision: A brighter future for all through a world-class transportation network.

The Caltrans workforce is made up of diverse and unique individuals who contribute to our organizational success. Caltrans is about celebrating diversity, valuing one another, and recognizing that Caltrans is strong not in spite of the diverse attributes of our workforce, but because of our diversity. 

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Special Requirements

• The position(s) require(s) a valid California Drivers License (CDL). You must answer the questions addressing your CDL on your application. Ensure you provide your CDL number, class, expiration date, and any endorsements and/or restrictions.
• The position(s) require(s) a Drug Screening be passed prior to being hired.

The position(s) require(s) a valid unrestricted Class A Commercial Driver’s License, With Tank endorsement [N].

Possession of Minimum Qualifications will be verified prior to interview and/or appointment.  If you are basing your eligibility on education, you must include your unofficial transcript(s)/diploma for verification.  Unofficial, original, or official sealed transcripts will be accepted and may be required upon appointment.  Applicants with foreign transcripts/degrees must provide a transcript/degree U.S. equivalency report evaluation that indicates the number of units and degree to which the foreign coursework is equivalent.  Here is a list of evaluation agencies: https://www.naces.org/members . Please redact birthdates and social security numbers.  

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The following items are required to be submitted with your application. Applicants who do not submit the required items timely may not be considered for this job:

• Current version of the State Examination/Employment Application STD Form 678 (when not applying electronically), or the Electronic State Employment Application through your Applicant Account at www.CalCareers.ca.gov. All Experience and Education relating to the Minimum Qualifications listed on the Classification Specification should be included to demonstrate how you meet the Minimum Qualifications for the position.
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The STD. 678 is required, and each section must be filled out completely and thoroughly. For mailed or hand delivered applications to be considered for this position, you are required to include the Job Control (JC-427170), (PARF #10-4-023) and title of the position (Caltrans Equipment Operator II) on the State application (STD. 678) form.

Electronic applications through your CalCareers account are highly recommended and encouraged.

Candidates that meet the minimum qualifications based on possession of EDUCATION, LICENSE, OR CERTIFICATE must include a copy of your DEGREE/TRANSCRIPTS, LICENSE, or CERTIFICATE, along with your State application (STD. 678), to be considered for this position.

NOTE: Do not submit the “Equal Employment Opportunity” questionnaire (page 5) with your completed State application (STD. 678). This page is for examination use only. Do not include any confidential information on any documents you submit for this job vacancy, such as your state application, resume, or educational transcripts.  Confidential information that should be  excluded or removed  from these documents includes, but is not limited to, your Social Security Number, birth date, driver’s license number, examination results, LEAP status, marital status, and age.  The job application packet checklist is not required to apply for this position.  Failure to follow these instructions may result in your application not being considered for this position.

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