doctoral thesis in law

HLS Dissertations, Theses, and JD Papers

S.j.d. dissertations, ll.m. papers, ll.m. theses, j.d. papers, submitting your paper to an online collection, other sources for student papers beyond harvard, getting help, introduction.

This is a guide to finding Harvard Law School (“HLS”) student-authored works held by the Library and in online collections. This guide covers HLS S.J.D Dissertations, LL.M. papers, J.D. third-year papers, seminar papers, and prize papers.

There have been changes in the HLS degree requirements for written work. The library’s collection practices and catalog descriptions for these works has varied. Please note that there are gaps in the library’s collection and for J.D. papers, few of these works are being collected any longer.

If we have an S.J.D. dissertation or LL.M. thesis, we have two copies. One is kept in the general collection and one in the Red Set, an archival collection of works authored by HLS affiliates. If we have a J.D. paper, we have only one copy, kept in the Red Set. Red Set copies are last resort copies available only by advance appointment in Historical and Special Collections .

Some papers have not been processed by library staff. If HOLLIS indicates a paper is “ordered-received” please use this form to have library processing completed.

The HLS Doctor of Juridical Science (“S.J.D.”) program began in 1910.  The library collection of these works is not comprehensive. Exceptions are usually due to scholars’ requests to withhold Library deposit. 

• HLS S.J.D. Dissertations in HOLLIS To refine these search results by topic or faculty advisor, or limit by date, click Add a New Line.
• Hein’s Legal Theses and Dissertations Microfiche Mic K556.H45x Drawers 947-949 This microfiche set includes legal theses and dissertations from HLS and other premier law schools. It currently includes about 300 HLS dissertations and theses.
• Hein's Legal Theses and Dissertations Contents List This content list is in order by school only, not by date, subject or author. It references microfiche numbers within the set housed in the Microforms room on the entry level of the library, drawers 947-949. The fiche are a different color for each institution.
• ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ Harvard University (Harvard login) Copy this search syntax: dg(S.J.D.) You will find about 130 SJD Dissertations dated from 1972 to 2004. They are not available in full text.
• DASH Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard Sponsored by Harvard University’s Office for Scholarly Communication, DASH is an open repository for research papers by members of the Harvard community. There are currently about 600 HLS student papers included. Unfortunately it is not possible to search by type of paper or degree awarded.

The Master of Laws (“LL.M.”) degree has been awarded since 1923. Originally, the degree required completion of a major research paper, akin to a thesis. Since 1993, most students have the option of writing the LL.M. "short paper."  This is a 25-page (or longer) paper advised by a faculty supervisor or completed in conjunction with a seminar.  Fewer LL.M. candidates continue to write the more extensive "long-paper." LL.M. candidates holding J.D.s from the U.S. must write the long paper.

• HLS Written Work Requirements for LL.M. Degree The current explanation of the LL.M. written work requirement for the master of laws.

The library generally holds HLS LL.M. long papers and short papers. In recent years, we require author release in order to do so. In HOLLIS, no distinction is made between types of written work created in satisfaction of the LL.M. degree; all are described as LL.M. thesis. Though we describe them as thesis, the law school refers to them solely as papers or in earlier years, essays. HOLLIS records indicate the number of pages, so at the record level, it is possible to distinguish long papers.

• HLS LL.M. Papers in HOLLIS To refine these search results by topic, faculty advisor, seminar or date, click Add a New Line.

Note that beginning with papers from the 2023-24 academic year, papers will be available in digital format only. The workflow for this new process is underway.

HLS LL.M. Papers are sometimes available in DASH and Hein's Legal Dissertations and Theses. See descriptions above .

The HLS J.D. written work requirement has changed over time. The degree formerly required a substantial research paper comparable in scope to a law review article written under faculty supervision, the "third year paper." Since 2008, J.D. students have the option of using two shorter works instead.

Of all those written, the library holds relatively few third-year papers. They were not actively collected but accepted by submission from faculty advisors who deemed a paper worthy of institutional retention. The papers are described in HOLLIS as third year papers, seminar papers, and student papers. Sometimes this distinction was valid, but not always. The faculty deposit tradition more or less ended in 2006, though the possibility of deposit still exists. 

• J.D. Written Work Requirement
• Faculty Deposit of Student Papers with the Library

HLS Third Year Papers in HOLLIS

To refine these search results by topic, faculty advisor, seminar or date, click Add a New Line.

• HLS Student Papers Some third-year papers and LL.M. papers were described in HOLLIS simply as student papers. To refine these search results, click "Add a New Line" and add topic, faculty advisor, or course title.
• HLS Seminar Papers Note that these include legal research pathfinders produced for the Advanced Legal Research course when taught by Virginia Wise.

Prize Papers

HLS has many endowed prizes for student papers and essays. There are currently 16 different writing prizes. See this complete descriptive list with links to lists of winners from 2009 to present. Note that there is not always a winner each year for each award. Prize winners are announced each year in the commencement pamphlet.

The Library has not specifically collected prize papers over the years but has added copies when possible. The HOLLIS record for the paper will usually indicate its status as a prize paper. The most recent prize paper was added to the collection in 2006.

Addison Brown Prize Animal Law & Policy Program Writing Prize Victor Brudney Prize Davis Polk Legal Profession Paper Prize Roger Fisher and Frank E.A. Sander Prize Yong K. Kim ’95 Memorial Prize Islamic Legal Studies Program Prize on Islamic Law Laylin Prize LGBTQ Writing Prize Mancini Prize Irving Oberman Memorial Awards John M. Olin Prize in Law and Economics Project on the Foundations of Private Law Prize Sidney I. Roberts Prize Fund Klemens von Klemperer Prize Stephen L. Werner Prize

• Harvard Law School Prize Essays (1850-1868) A historical collection of handwritten prize essays covering the range of topics covered at that time. See this finding aid for a collection description.

The following information about online repositories is not a recommendation or endorsement to participate.

• ProQuest Dissertations and Theses HLS is not an institutional participant to this collection. If you are interested in submitting your work, refer to these instructions and note that there is a fee required, which varies depending on the format of submission.
• EBSCO Open Dissertations Relatively new, this is an open repository of metadata for dissertations. It is an outgrowth of the index American Doctoral Dissertations. The aim is to cover 1933 to present and, for modern works, to link to full text available in institutional repositories. Harvard is not one of the institutional participants.
• DASH Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard

Sponsored by Harvard University’s Office for Scholarly Communication, this is an open repository for research papers by members of the Harvard community. See more information about the project. 

Some HLS students have submitted their degree paper to DASH.  If you would like to submit your paper, you may use this authorization form  or contact June Casey , Librarian for Open Access Initiatives and Scholarly Communication at Harvard Law School.

• ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (Harvard Login) Covers dissertations and masters' theses from North American graduate schools and many worldwide. Provides full text for many since the 1990s and has descriptive data for older works.
• NDLTD Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Union Catalog Worldwide in scope, NDLTD contains millions of records of electronic theses and dissertations from the early 1900s to the present.
• Law Commons of the Digital Commons Network The Law Commons has dissertations and theses, as well as many other types of scholarly research such as book chapters and conference proceedings. They aim to collect free, full-text scholarly work from hundreds of academic institutions worldwide.
• EBSCO Open Dissertations Doctoral dissertations from many institutions. Free, open repository.
• Dissertations from Center for Research Libraries Dissertations found in this resource are available to the Harvard University Community through Interlibrary Loan.
• British Library EThOS Dissertation source from the British Library listing doctoral theses awarded in the UK. Some available for immediate download and some others may be requested for scanning.
• BASE from Bielefeld University Library Index of the open repositoris of most academic institutions. Includes many types of documents including doctoral and masters theses.

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• Last Updated: Aug 20, 2024 8:59 AM
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The University’s legal research community includes more than 200 postgraduate students engaged in research degrees in the Law Faculty and its centres. It is one of the largest and most intellectually diverse research communities in the world. Many of our research degree alumni are now global leaders in the fields of academia, legal practice, the judiciary and public service. The following list gives details of completed DPhil theses since 2010, with many of these DPhils generating published work in articles and books at the cutting edge of legal scholarship. Many other master’s and doctoral research theses are held in the collection of the University’s Bodleian Law Library.

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Civil procedure and evidence, commercial law, comparative law, competition law, computers and law, conflict of laws, contract law, corporate insolvency law, corporate law, criminology and criminal law, environmental law, human rights law, intellectual property law, international trade law, jurisprudence, law and finance, law of obligations, legal history, medical law and ethics, principles of financial regulation, property law, completed dphils in public international law, socio-legal studies.

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Access to theses and dissertations from other institutions and from the University of Cambridge

This guide provides information on searching for theses of Cambridge PhDs and for theses of UK universities and universities abroad. 

For information and guidance on depositing your thesis as a cambridge phd, visit the cambridge office of scholarly communication pages on theses here ., this guide gives essential information on how to obtain theses using the british library's ethos service. .

On the last weekend of October, the British Library became the victim of a major cyber-attack. Essential digital services including the BL catalogue, website and online learning resources went dark, with research services like the EThOS collection of more than 600,000 doctoral theses suddenly unavailable. The BL state that they anticipate restoring more services in the next few weeks, but disruption to certain services is now expected to persist for several months. For the latest news on the attack and information on the restoration of services, please follow the BL blog here:  Knowledge Matters blog  and access the LibGuide page here:  British Library Outage Update - Electronic Legal Deposit - LibGuides at University of Cambridge Subject Libraries

A full list of resources for searching theses online is provided by the Cambridge A-Z, available here .

University of Cambridge theses

Finding a cambridge phd thesis online via the institutional repository.

The University's institutional repository, Apollo , holds full-text digital versions of over 11,000 Cambridge PhD theses and is a rapidly growing collection deposited by Cambridge Ph.D. graduates. Theses in Apollo can be browsed via this link . More information on how to access theses by University of Cambridge students can be found on the access to Cambridge theses webpage.   The requirement for impending PhD graduates to deposit a digital version in order to graduate means the repository will be increasing at a rate of approximately 1,000 per year from this source.   About 200 theses are added annually through requests to make theses Open Access or via requests to digitize a thesis in printed format.

Locating and obtaining a copy of a Cambridge PhD thesis (not yet available via the repository)

Theses can be searched in iDiscover .  Guidance on searching for theses in iDiscover can be found here .   Requests for consultation of printed theses, not available online, should be made at the Manuscripts Reading Room (Email:  [email protected] Telephone: +44 (0)1223 333143).   Further information on the University Library's theses, dissertations and prize essays collections can be consulted at this link .

Researchers can order a copy of an unpublished thesis which was deposited in print form either through the Library’s  Digital Content Unit via the image request form , or, if the thesis has been digitised, it may be available in the Apollo repository. Copies of theses may be provided to researchers in accordance with the  law  and in a manner that is common across UK libraries.  The law allows us to provide whole copies of unpublished theses to individuals as long as they sign a declaration saying that it is for non-commercial research or private study.

How to make your thesis available online through Cambridge's institutional repository

Are you a Cambridge alumni and wish to make your Ph.D. thesis available online? You can do this by depositing it in Apollo the University's institutional repository. Click here for further information on how to proceed.    Current Ph.D students at the University of Cambridge can find further information about the requirements to deposit theses on the Office of Scholarly Communication theses webpages.

UK Theses and Dissertations

Electronic copies of Ph.D. theses submitted at over 100 UK universities are obtainable from EThOS , a service set up to provide access to all theses from participating institutions. It achieves this by harvesting e-theses from Institutional Repositories and by digitising print theses as they are ordered by researchers using the system. Over 250,000 theses are already available in this way. Please note that it does not supply theses submitted at the universities of Cambridge or Oxford although they are listed on EThOS.

Registration with EThOS is not required to search for a thesis but is necessary to download or order one unless it is stored in the university repository rather than the British Library (in which case a link to the repository will be displayed). Many theses are available without charge on an Open Access basis but in all other cases, if you are requesting a thesis that has not yet been digitised you will be asked to meet the cost. Once a thesis has been digitised it is available for free download thereafter.

When you order a thesis it will either be immediately available for download or writing to hard copy or it will need to be digitised. If you order a thesis for digitisation, the system will manage the process and you will be informed when the thesis is available for download/preparation to hard copy.

See the Search results section of the  help page for full information on interpreting search results in EThOS.

EThOS is managed by the British Library and can be found at http://ethos.bl.uk . For more information see About EThOS .

World-wide (incl. UK) theses and dissertations

Electronic versions of non-UK theses may be available from the institution at which they were submitted, sometimes on an open access basis from the institutional repository. A good starting point for discovering freely available electronic theses and dissertations beyond the UK is the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) , which facilitates searching across institutions. Information can also usually be found on the library web pages of the relevant institution.

The DART Europe etheses portal lists several thousand full-text theses from a group of European universities.

The University Library subscribes to the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses  (PQDT) database which from August 31 2023 is accessed on the Web of Science platform.  To search this index select it from the Web of Science "Search in" drop-down list of databases (available on the Documents tab on WoS home page)

PQDT includes 2.4 million dissertation and theses citations, representing 700 leading academic institutions worldwide from 1861 to the present day. The database offers full text for most of the dissertations added since 1997 and strong retrospective full text coverage for older graduate works. Each dissertation published since July 1980 includes a 350-word abstract written by the author. Master's theses published since 1988 include 150-word abstracts.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The University Library only subscribes to the abstracting & indexing version of the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database and NOT the full text version.  A fee is payable for ordering a dissertation from this source.   To obtain the full text of a dissertation as a downloadable PDF you can submit your request via the University Library Inter-Library Loans department (see contact details below). NB this service is only available to full and current members of the University of Cambridge.

Alternatively you can pay yourself for the dissertation PDF on the PQDT platform. Link from Web of Science record display of any thesis to PQDT by clicking on "View Details on ProQuest".  On the "Preview" page you will see an option "Order a copy" top right.  This will allow you to order your own copy from ProQuest directly.

Dissertations and theses submitted at non-UK universities may also be requested on Inter-Library Loan through the Inter-Library Loans department (01223 333039 or 333080, [email protected] )

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Stanford Law School's Theses and Dissertations Collection

• Early Thesis and Dissertation of Stanford Law School, 1929 to 1956
• Theses and Dissertations of Stanford Law School,1970-1995
• Stanford Program in International Legal Studies’ Theses, 1996 to 2010
• Stanford Law School’s Dissertations, 1996 to 2010
• Stanford Program in International Legal Studies Theses, 2011 to 2025

Title: Stanford Law School’s Dissertations, 1996 to 2010

Title: Stanford Law School’s Dissertations Inclusive Dates: 1996 to 2010

Access Restrictions: None Copyright Restriction:  Property rights reside with Robert Crown Law Library Special Collection.  Copyrights are retained by the creator of the records or their heirs.

Series Description:

This series consists of dissertations produced by Stanford Law School’s candidates in the Doctor of the Science of Law or the Doctor of Jurisprudence programs during the years of 1996 to 2010.  Each dissertation is original research that each individual submit to a committee of Stanford law professors to prove that they add substantial original scholarly works.  Subject matter that Dissertation covers is diverse in nature. This series is arranged by call number and author's last name. 

Extent: 3 linear feet (textual) Location(s) : GS-SU-06-02-01 to GS-SU-06-01-06

3781 1996 C - Environmental Protection Under and After Socialism: A Study of Poland  3781 1996 C - Riverrun: Three Essays about the Uses of History in Legal Problems Concerning Native Americans  3781 1996 D - Do you Speak Genomics?: Patenting Biotechnology "Translation" Inventions and Other Macromolecules  3781 1996 S - Corporate Governance in Quasi Public Corporations: A New Perspective in Cameroon   3781 1997 B - Innovation Market Concept: A Model for European Merger Control?  3781 1997 E - The Dispute Settlement System in the Egyptian Capital Market and Economic Development  3781 1997 H - Private Property, Culture, and Ideology: Israel's Supreme Court and the Jurisprudence of Land Expropriation 3781 1997 Y - Medical Malpractice in Taiwan: Myth and Reality  3781 1997 Z - A Critical Analysis of the Ethical Duty of Confidentiality in the American law 3781 1998 B - The accommodation of Interests in Freedom of the Press and Protection of Reputation in the Constitutional Doctrine of the United States and Spain   3781 1998 C - Differential Treatment in International Law: A New Framework for the Realisation of Sustainable Development   3781 1998 C - International Tax Policy Under NAFTA: The Impact of National Tax Differences on Capital Flows under Regional Trade and Investment Integration   3781 1998 C - Telecommunications Reform in Mexico: Challenges for Entering the Global Digital Economy  3781 1998 H - Rethinking the Legal Structure of Bank Securities Powers: "Universal Banking" vs. the "Glass-Steagall Act" in Taiwan   3781 1998 K - Property Rights and Biodiversity Management in Kenya: The Case of Land Tenure Regimes and Wildlife Management 3781 1998 L - Economic and Sociological Theories of Contingent Employment: Critique and Implications for Law Reform   3781 1998 N - Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society   3781 1998 R - Constitutional Gravity and Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Unitary Theory of Public Civil Dispute Resolution 3781 1998 Y - Embedded Strategies, Corporate Partners, and Markets in the Digital Age  3781 1999 C - Assessing the Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Forests  3781 1999 D - The Impact of Plant Intellectual Property Rights on Thailand's Agriculture: Implications of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)  3781 1999 Y - International Strategic Alliances in High Technology Industries: A Law and Economic Analysis From an Antitrust Perspective  3781 2000 D - Volume 1 Sexual Harassment Law: History, Cases, and Theory  3781 2000 D - Volume 2 Sexual Harassment Law: History, Cases, and Theory  3781 2000 K - Restructuring the Liability Regime in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990  3781 2000 L - Minimal State and Distributive Justice: An Essay on Nozick's Theory with Some Comparative Aspects to Rawls' 3781 2000 O - Law, Gender Relations and Social Change in Nigeria 3781 2000 W - Environmental Pollution in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Case for Direct Equity Participation

3 781 2001 C - Self-Censorship and the Struggle for Press Freedom in Hong Kong 3781 2001 H - Administrative Litigation and Court Reform in the People's Republic of China  3781 2001 H - Critical Eating: Genetically Engineered Foods in International Relations: Designing International Bodies on Risk Management in Evolving Science & Technology with Global Impact  3781 2001 R - Counsel for the Indigent Accused in the United States and the Republic of Korea: Constitutional Reflections and Suggestions for Changes in the South Korean Criminal Justice System  3781 2001 R - Strategic Alliances in the United States Microelectronics Industry 3781 2001 W - Four Traces of Michelman and Sunstein's Legal Republicanism: Republican Historiography, Communitarianism, Habermasian Philosophy and Rawlsian Liberalism   3781 2001 W - The Comparison of Prosecutorial Functions in the U.S.A. and in Taiwan 3781 2001 Z - Human Rights Law and Public Interest Lawyering: A Study on the Interdependence of Jurisprudence and the Legal Profession in Israel 3781 2002 C - Environmental Cooperation Institution Building in Northeast Asia 3781 2002 E - Personal Bankruptcy in Israel  3781 2002 L - Custody Decisions in Social and Cultural contexts: The Best Interests of the Child Standard and Judges' Custody Decisions in Taiwan  3781 2002 L - Legal Culture and Social Change: The Case of Taiwanese Family Law Development  3781 2002 M - A Tale of Two Networks: Interconnection in Early Telephony and the Comme[r]cial Internet  3781 2002 M - A Tale of Two Networks: Interconnection in Early Telephony and the Comme[r]cial Internet  3781 2002 R - 2001: A Space Odyssey: Law, Space, and Society in Contemporary Israel  3781 2002 T - The Political Economy of Regulatory Competition: A Diachronic Institutional Theory of Legal Change in an Era of Globalization  3781 2002 W - Crypto Policy and Online Public Forums  3781 2003 B - The Puzzle of Mass Torts: A Comparative Study of Asbestos Litigation  3781 2003 J - Pharmaceutical Differential Pricing: Reality or Wishful Thinking?  3781 2003 S - Constructing Copyright and Literary Creativity in Kenya Cultural Politics and the Political Economy of Transnational Intellectual Property  3781 2003 X - Mediation in China and the United States: Toward Common Outcome  3781 2004 H - Why Do They Not Obey the Law?: A Case Study of a Rural-Urban Migrant Enclave in China  3781 2004 L - Unfinished Business: Challenging Microsoft in Taiwan 3781 2004 M - Kiamas: Rethinking Access to Justice in Domestic Violence Cases in Kenya  3781 2004 N - Commercializing Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings Through the Internet: Copyright Law and Technological Change  3781 2004 P - Balancing in Constitutional Law: A Suggested Analytical Framework Applied to American Constitutional Law  3781 2004 S - An Analysis of the Political Economy of Japanese Fisheries: The Dynamics of Bureaucratic Policymaking in Domestic and International Fisheries 3781 2005 A - An Attempt to Mediate Immigrant Integration: Intercultural Mediators in Catalonia  3781 2005 C - Paying for Nature Conservation with Tax Dollars?: An Evaluation of the Role of Fiscal Policy Reform in Promoting Biodiversity Conservation in Canada through Legal, Economic, Ecological, Fiscal and Political Lenses   3781 2006 A - Banking System in Islamic Countries: Saudi Arabia and Egypt  3781 2006 A - Democratic Deliberation of Trade Legislation in Ghana: Institutions, Interests and Accountability 3781 2006 A - The Legal Culture of the European Court of Human Rights  3781 2006 H - Women's Experience in Court: The Implementation of Feminist Law Reforms in Civil Proceedings Concerning Domestic Violence  3781 2006 L - Divorce and Annulment in San Mateo County, California 1950-1957  3781 2006 N - Toward Better-Balanced Copyright Regulations in the Digital and Network Era: Law, Technology, and the Market in the U.S. and Japan 3781 2006 P - Criminal Investigation and Prosecution in Mexico City: A Case Study of Miguel Hidalgo County and its Ministerio Público  3781 2006 Y - Legal Risk and Investment in India: A Case Study of the Dabhol Power Project  3781 2007 C - Unbundling Path Dependence: A Case Study of Telecommunications Reform in Mexico (1990-2006)  3781 2007 G - All in the Family: The Influence of Social Networks on Dispute Processing: A Case Study of a Developing Economy 3781 2007 H - Social Symmetry: A Theory of Altruism and Cooperation 3781 2007 L - From Imitation to Innovation: The Role of Patent in China's Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries  3781 2007 M - Clientelism, Competition and Corruption: Informal Institutions and Telecommunications Reform in Kenya 3781 2007 W - Legal Framework for the Development of Venture Capital in China: Policy Recommendations for the Establishment of a Growth Enterprise Market ("GEM")        3781 2008 M - Rules and Engagement: A Comparative Qualitative Evaluation of European Union Rule-of-law Promotion in Romania, Turkey, Serbia, and Ukraine  3781 2008 N - The Role of Competition Law and Policy in the Economic Development of Korea 3781 2008 P - "In the Public Interest": Threats to Self-regulation of the Legal Profession in Ontario, 1998-2006   3781 2008 P - The Next Generation of Mexican Lawyers: A Study of Mexico's System of Legal Education and its Law Students  3781 2008 S - Beyond Legalism: The Mexican Supreme Court in the Democratic Era  3781 2009 L - The Neglected Role of Non-Profit Organizations in the Intellectual-Commons Environment  3781 2009 P - The Political-Economy and the Causes of Compliance of Trade and Investment Agreements: NAFTA and the Sweeteners Sector  3781 2009 S - "Outside the Pale of the Law": The Processing of Disputes in Buduburam Refugee Camp in Ghana  3781 2009 S - Recalcitrant Victims and Refractory Systems: An Exploratory Study of Attrition During the Investigation of rape Complaints in Post-Apartheid South Africa 3781 2009 T - The Design of Micro Credit Contracts and Costs of Credit: A Case Study of Micro Enterprise Finance in Uganda  3781 2010 C - Improving the Business Climate Under the Hot Sun: Do Small Business Associations Make a Difference?: A Study of Four Districts in Nyanza Province, Kenya 3781 2010 F - From Gender Based-Violence to Women's Violence in Haiti  3781 2010 F - From State Street to Bilski: Patent Protection in the Financial Industry 3781 2010 L - Weak Independent Directors, Strong Controlling Shareholders: Do Independent Directors Constrain Tunneling in Taiwan? 3781 2010 M - Access to Justice and Resolution of Criminal Cases at Informal Chiefs' Courts: The Ewe of Ghana 3781 2010 O - Measuring Japan's Nursery Quality Within the UNCRC Framework: International Standards for Young Children's Social Services and Their Implications for Japan   3781 2010 S - How do Principals Deal with Underperforming Teachers?: A Study of How Principals from Secondary Schools in Mexico City Manage Underperforming Teachers   3781 2010 T - Cross-border Enforcement of Patents

• Last Updated: Jun 4, 2024 10:36 AM
• URL: https://guides.law.stanford.edu/c.php?g=1087208

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Osgoode Home > Osgoode Digital Commons > Theses and Dissertations > PhD_Dissertations

PhD Dissertations

Dissertations from 2023 2023.

The International Patent Practice Narrative: Patent Agents, Epistemic Capture and the Patent Bargain , Wissam Joseph Aoun

The Elusive Pursuit of Justice: Sexual Assault Survivors' Speak About Redress in the Aftermath of Violence , Tamera Ashley Margaret Burnett

The Practitioner King - A Study of Legal Education and Practice in Pakistan , Summaiya Zaidi

Dissertations from 2022 2022

British Empire, Land Tenure and the Search for an Ideal Proprietor: 1868-1875 , Preetmohinder Singh Aulakh

The old people are the song, and we are their echo: resurgence of w̱ sáneć law and legal theory , Robert Justin Clifford

A Critical Approach to the Regulation of a Public Corporation's Purchase of Its Own Shares on the Open Market: Lessons from The Transatlantic Comparison , Alper Cohaz

The Norm Life Cycle Theory and The Role of INSOL International in Shaping the Uncitral Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency , Anthony Ikemefuna Idigbe

Judicial Depictions of Responsibility and Risk: The Erasure of State Accountability in Canadian Sentencing Judgments Involving Indigenous People , Sarah Jane Nussbaum

Regulating the Corporation from Within and Without: Corporate Governance and Workers’ Interests , Vanisha Hemwatie Sukdeo

Dissertations from 2021 2021

Just Greening the Gulf: Sustaining Justice for Migrant Workers , Asma Atique

Ongoing crimes and the unlikelihood of punishment - Syria as a case study , Ghuna Bdiwi

Lawyering from Below: Activist Legal Support in Contemporary Canada and the US , Irina Ceric

Measuring Access to Civil Justice: An Empirical Study of Ontarios Reform Initiatives , Matthew Dylag

Refugee Camps: In Search of the Locus of the Accountability of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Under International Law , Zachary Lomo

Epistemological Justice in Strategic Challenges to Legislation under Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms , Dana Erin Phillips

The Potential for a Family Law Tribunal , Patricia Lynn Robinson

Settling the Law: An Empirical Assessment of Decision-Making and Judicial Review in Canada's Refugee Resettlement System , Pierre-Andre Theriault

The Regulation of Paralegals in Ontario: Increased Access to Justice? , Lisa Danielle Trabucco

How Will I Know? An Epistemology of Lawyering , Emanuel Raul Tucsa

Regional Economic Community Courts and the Advancement of Environmental Protection and Socio-economic Justice in Africa: Three Case Studies , Rahina Bukar Zarma

Dissertations from 2020 2020

A Corporative Theory of Corporate Law and Governance , Phillip Granville Bevans

Re-Visiting the 'Resource Curse': Law and Mining Governance in Southern African Developmental States , Sara Ghebremusse

Mining Conflict, Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Justice: The Case of Phulbari Coal Project in Bangladesh , Mohammad Mahmudul Hasan

The Transnational Mining Justice Social Movement: Indigenous Right to Consultation & Right to Remedy Law Reform Activism in Canada and Latin America From 1999-2019 , Charis Kamphuis

Hryniak, the 2010 Amendments, and the First Stages of a Culture Shift?: The Evolution of Ontario Civil Procedure in the 2010s , Gerard Joseph Kennedy

A Comparative Study of Judicial Safeguards in Relation to Investor-State Dispute Settlement , Pavla Kristkova

Disability's Encounter with Legislation and Governance: Long-Term Care Homes in Ontario , Po Land Lai

The Nexus Standard and its Implications for International Tax Competition and Soft Law , Huaning Li

Towards Development Justice: Re-Visiting the Accountability of the World Bank and the IMF from a Right to Development Perspective , Maxwel Owuor Miyawa

Assessing Canada's Copyright Law in the Digital Context: Digital Locks, Open Licenses, and the Limits of Legislative Change , Justice Ifeonukwu Ogoroh

Regulatory Transgression? Drivers, Aims and Effects of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Regulation in Pakistan , Ahmed Sanaa

Resisting Obsolescence: A Comprehensive Study of Canada's Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner and the Office's Efforts to Innovate While Strategically Asserting Greater Independence , Ian Norris Kellner Stedman

Dissertations from 2019 2019

Narrowing the Gap between Tax Law and Accounting , Humayun Rashid Chaudhary

Artificially Intelligent Copyright: Rethinking Copyright Boundaries , Aviv Hertzel Gaon

Beyond the Habitual: Legal Argument Upon the Use of Force and During the Conduct of Hostilities , David Michael Hughes

The Right to Support: Severely Disabled Children & Their Mothers , Sheila Kathleen Jennings

Attracting Foreign Investments for Green Energy Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: Climate Change Policy & Innovation in International Legal Compliance , Leslyn Ann Lewis

Recognizing the Assemblage: Palestinian Bedouin of the Naqab in Dialectic with Israeli Law , Victor Nasser Rego

If You Love Something, Set it Free? Open Content Copyright Licensing and Creative Cultural Expression , Giuseppe Roberto Tarantino

Dissertations from 2018 2018

Intersectional Human Rights at CEDAW: Promises Transmissions and Impacts , Amanda Barbara Allen Dale

International Criminal Law and Limits of Universal Jurisdiction in the Global South: A Critical Discussion on Crimes Against Humanity , Nergis Canefe

Translating Trademarks: Towards the Equal Treatment of Foreign- Language Marks , Ung Shen Goh

The Pomegranate Tree has Smothered Me: International Law, Imperialism & Labour Struggle in Iraq, 1917-1960 , Ali Hammoudi

Law, Autonomy, and Local Government: A Legal History of Municipal Corporations in Canada West/Ontario, 1850-1880 , Mary Margaret Pelton Stokes

The Transnational Judicial Dialogue of the Supreme Court of Canada and its Impact , Klodian Rado

Is Genetic Use Restriction Technology (GURT) a Viable Alternative to the Utility Patent for the Protection and Promotion of Innovation in Genetically Engineered Agricultural Seeds? , Joseph Rosenblat

Law, Culture, and the City: Urban Legal Anthropology, the Counterhegemonic Use of Hegemonic Legal Tools, and the Management of Intangible Cultural Heritage Spaces Within Toronto's Municipal Legal Frameworks , Sara Gwendolyn Ross

Dissertations from 2017 2017

The Role of Colonialism and Neo-Colonialism in Shaping Anti-Terrorism Law in Comparative and International Perspectives: Case Studies of Egypt and Tunisia , Fatemah Alzubairi

Re-Imagining Local Governance: The Landscape of "Local" in Toronto , Alexandra Elizabeth Flynn

'Pyrates' of the Lyceum: Big Pharma, Patents, and Academic Freedom in Neoliberal Times , James McGillivray

The Place of Private Property in Land Use Law: A Relational Examination of Ontario's Quarry Conflicts , Estair Suarez Van Wagner

Dissertations from 2016 2016

When Insider Trading and Market Manipulation Cross Jurisdictions: What Are the Challenges For Securities Regulators and How Can They Best Preserve the Integrity of Markets? , Janet Elizabeth Austin

Geographical Indications and Development in the Third World: Towards a Strategic Approach of Intellectual Property Rights in Jamaica - The Case of Blue Mountain Coffee , Marsha Simone Cadogan

The Rules of Engagement: Self-Defense and the Principle of Distinction in International Humanitarian Law , Tracey Leigh Dowdeswell

The Limits of Regulation: A Case Study of Virtual and Intangible Harm , Nachshon Goltz

Mandated Ethics: Regulatory Innovation and its Limits in the Governance of Research Involving Humans , Igor Gontcharov

Confronting (In)Security: Forging Legitimate Approaches to Security and Exclusion in Migration Law , Angus Gavin Grant

Legal Anarchism: Does Existence Need to Be Regulated by the State , Sirus Kashefi

Having a Say: Democracy, Access to Justice and Self-Represented Litigants , Jennifer Ann Leitch

Social Protests as Constitutional Interpretation , Domingo Andreas Lovera-Parmo

The Nature and Value of Access to Information Laws in Canada and the EU: Ideals, Practices and Perspectives , Irma Spahiu

The Colliding Vernaculars of Foreign Investment Protection and Transitional Justice in Colombia: A Challenge for the Law in a Global Context , Marco Alberto Velasquez

Dissertations from 2015 2015

Rethinking the Law of Interrogations and Confessions in Canada , Fariborz Davoudi

Governing Water in Canada: The Legislative Experiments in New Governance , Patricia Hania

Changing Our Tune: A Music-Based Approach to Teaching, Learning, and Resolving Conflict , Linda Marie Ippolito

Reputational Privacy and the Internet: A Matter for Law? , Elizabeth Anne Kirley

Unionization at Justice Canada: A Case Study , Andrij Roman Kowalsky

Tracking Queer Kinships: Assisted Reproduction, Family Law and the Infertility Trap , Stewart Donnell Marvel

Through The Looking Glass: Transparency in the WTO , Maria Panezi

Increasing Innovation in Legal Process: The Contribution of Collaborative Law , Martha Emily Simmons

False Universalism of Global Governance Theories: Global Constitutionalism, Global Administrative Law, International Criminal Institutions and the Global South , Sujith Xavier

Dissertations from 2014 2014

Creating a Cultural Analysis Tool for the Implementation of Ontario's Civil Mental Health Laws , Roby Dhand

Rights and Responsibilities: What are the Prospects for the Responsibility to Protect in the International/Transnational Arena? , Carolyn Helen Filteau

Unanimous Shareholder Agreements , Nicolas William Juzda

Coercing Justice? Exploring the "Aspirations and Practice" of Law as a Tool in Struggles Against Social Inequalities , Karen Schucher

Adjudicating Human Rights in Transitional Contexts: A Nigerian Case-Study, 1999-2009 , Basil Emeka Ugochukwu

Safe Havens or Dangerous Waters? A Phenomenological Study of Abused Women's Experiences in the Family Courts of Ontario , Lois Shereen Winstock

Dissertations from 2013 2013

Securities Regulation of Ontario Venture Issuers: Rules or Principles? , John Pearson Allen

What it is-What it Should Be: An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Procedures and Substantive Arguments on Adjudicative Tribunal Resource Allocation Decisions , Lydia Christine Stewart Ferreira

"The Rise and Fall of Welfare Health Legislation in 20th Century Chile: A Case Study in Political Economy of Law" , Jaime Llambias-Wolff

Exemptions for the non-performance of contractual obligations in cisg article 79 and the quest for uniformity in international sales law , Peter J. Mazzacano

"That Indispensable Figment of the Legal Mind": The Contract of Employment at Common Law in Ontario, 1890-1979 , Claire Isabel Mummé

Law, the American Corporation, and Society , Fenner Leland Stewart Jr.

Dissertations from 2012 2012

The Art of Persuasion: International/Comparative Human Rights, The Supreme Court of Canada and the Reconstitution of the Canadian Security Certificate Regime , Graham Hudson

"I smooth'd him up with fair words": Intersocietal law, from fur trade to treaty , Janna Beth Promislow

Dissertations from 2001 2001

The Constitution of Canada and the Conflict of Laws , Janet Walker

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Presented here is a selection of theses and dissertations from the School of Law. Please note that this is not a complete record of all degrees awarded by the School.

This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.

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Scots law of donation , isolation in scottish prisons: what does it mean to be alone inside a socio-legal analysis , taking legal change seriously: examining calls for modernising the rules providing for seller's liability for defective goods in the chilean civil code , conceptualisation and implementation of res judicata in the transnational arbitral legal order , out of place and out of time: older prisoners in chile , mind the gap: an empirical study of terrorism offences, law-making, and discretion , challenges and limitations of granting legal personality to distributed/decentralized autonomous organizations , development of international shipping standards under the auspices of the imo and their implementation in practice: a case study of thailand , adequacy of the ex post armed attack framework of the jus ad bellum in relation to the evolving means and methods of warfare , governing disputed maritime areas , what we say when we criminalise: a metanormative inquiry , testamentary law in england, c. 1450-1540 , sovereign immunity from execution of foreign arbitral awards in the 21st century , conceptualizations of addiction in harm reduction strategies for effective and ethical uk drug policy , liminality and the lived experience of law in medicine: the legal consciousness of physicians in encounters with people living as undocumented migrants , contested citizenship and statelessness in question: an anlysis of cases of overseas taiwanese people and tibetan exiles in taiwan , eternity and the constitution: the promise and limits of eternity clauses , hate speech in the british press: a theoretical and practical assessment of the case for broader regulation , liberty versus security under illiberal constitutionalism: the legality of criminalising humanitarian assistance in hungary and greece , operationalising ‘publicness’ in data-intensive health research regulation: an examination of the public interest as a regulatory device .

Legal Dissertation: Research and Writing Guide

About this guide, video on choosing a topic, tools on westlaw, lexis and bloomberg, circuit splits, research methodologies, additional methodology resources, conducting a literature review, beginning research, writing style guides, citation guides, ask a librarian.

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About This Page

Choosing a topic can be one of the most challenging aspects of writing an extensive paper. This page has resources to help you find topics and inspiration, before you get started on the in-depth research process.

Related Guides

Citation and Writing Resources

Legal Research Tutorials

Secondary Sources for Legal Research

Methods of Finding Cases

Methods of Finding Statutes

Current Awareness and Alerting Resources

Compiling State Legislative Histories

Locating International and Foreign Law Journals

This guide contains resources to help students researching and writing a legal dissertation or other upper-level writing project. Some of the resources in this guide are directed at researching and writing in general, not specifically on legal topics, but the strategies and tips can still be applied.

The Law Library maintains a number of other guides on related skills and topics that may be of interest:

The Wells Library also maintains guides. A few that may be helpful for managing research can be found here:

Choosing a Topic

This video discusses tips and strategies for choosing a dissertation topic.

Note: this video is not specific to legal dissertation topics, but it may still be of interest as an overview generally.

The Bloomberg/BNA publication United States Law Week can be a helpful resource for tracking down the major legal stories of the day.  Log into Bloomberg Law, in the big search box, start typing United States Law Week and the title will appear in the drop down menu beneath the box. This publication provides coverage of top legal news stories, and in-depth "insight" features.

If you have a general idea of the area of law you wish to write about, check out the Practice Centers on Bloomberg. From the homepage, click the Browse link in the top left-hand corner. Then select Practice Centers and look for your area of law. Practice Centers are helpful because they gather cases, statutes, administrative proceedings, news, and more on the selected legal area.

Bloomberg has other news sources available as well. From the homepage, click the Browse link in the top left-hand corner. Then select News and Analysis, then select News or Analysis, and browse the available topics.

If you know what area of law you'd like to write about, you may find the Browse Topics feature in Lexis Advance helpful for narrowing down your topic. 

Log into Lexis Advance, click the Browse Topics tab, and select a topic.  If you don't see your topic listed, try using the provided search bar to see whether your topic is categorized as a sub-topic within this list. 

Once you click on a topic, a box pops up with several options.  If you click on Get Topic Document, you'll see results listed in a number of categories, including Cases, Legislation, and more.  The News and Legal News categories at the right end of the list may help you identify current developments of interest for your note.  Don't forget about the filtering options on the left that will allow you to search within your results, narrow your jurisdiction, and more.

Similar to Lexis Advance, Westlaw Edge has a Topics tab that may be helpful if you know what area of law you'd like to write about.

Log onto Westlaw Edge, and click on the Topics tab.  This time, you won't be able to search within this list, so if you're area is not listed, you should either run a regular search from the main search bar at the top or try out some of the topics listed under this tab - once you click on a topic, you can search within its contents.

What is great about the Topics in Westlaw Edge is the Practitioner Insights page you access by clicking on a topic.  This is an information portal that allows you quick access to cases, legislation, top news, and more on your selected topic.

In United States federal courts, a circuit split occurs whenever two or more circuit courts of appeals issue conflicting rulings on the same legal question. Circuit splits are ripe for legal analysis and commentary because they present a situation in which federal law is being applied in different ways in different parts of the country, even if the underlying litigants themselves are otherwise similarly situated. The Supreme Court also frequently accepts cases on appeal that involve these types of conflicted rulings from various sister circuits.

To find a circuit split on a topic of interest to you, try searching on Lexis and Westlaw using this method:

in the search box, enter the following: (circuit or court w/s split) AND [insert terms or phrases to narrow the search]

You can also browse for circuit splits on Bloomberg. On the Bloomberg homepage, in the "Law School Success" box, Circuit Splits Charts appear listed under Secondary Sources.

Other sources for circuit splits are American Law Reports (ALR) and American Jurisprudence (AmJur). These publications provide summaries of the law, point out circuit splits, and provide references for further research.

"Blawgs" or law-related blogs are often written by scholars or practitioners in the legal field.  Ordinarily covering current events and developments in law, these posts can provide inspiration for note topics.  To help you find blawgs on a specific topic, consider perusing the ABA's Blawg Directory or Justia's Blawg Search .

Research Methodology

Types of research methodologies.

There are different types of research methodologies. Methodology refers to the strategy employed in conducting research. The following methodologies are some of the most commonly used in legal and social science research.

Doctrinal legal research methodology, also called "black letter" methodology, focuses on the letter of the law rather than the law in action. Using this method, a researcher composes a descriptive and detailed analysis of legal rules found in primary sources (cases, statutes, or regulations). The purpose of this method is to gather, organize, and describe the law; provide commentary on the sources used; then, identify and describe the underlying theme or system and how each source of law is connected.

Doctrinal methodology is good for areas of law that are largely black letter law, such as contract or property law. Under this approach, the researcher conducts a critical, qualitative analysis of legal materials to support a hypothesis. The researcher must identify specific legal rules, then discuss the legal meaning of the rule, its underlying principles, and decision-making under the rule (whether cases interpreting the rule fit together in a coherent system or not). The researcher must also identify ambiguities and criticisms of the law, and offer solutions. Sources of data in doctrinal research include the rule itself, cases generated under the rule, legislative history where applicable, and commentaries and literature on the rule.

This approach is beneficial by providing a solid structure for crafting a thesis, organizing the paper, and enabling a thorough definition and explanation of the rule. The drawbacks of this approach are that it may be too formalistic, and may lead to oversimplifying the legal doctrine.

Comparative

Comparative legal research methodology involves critical analysis of different bodies of law to examine how the outcome of a legal issue could be different under each set of laws. Comparisons could be made between different jurisdictions, such as comparing analysis of a legal issue under American law and the laws of another country, or researchers may conduct historical comparisons.

When using a comparative approach be sure to define the reasons for choosing this approach, and identify the benefits of comparing laws from different jurisdictions or time periods, such as finding common ground or determining best practices and solutions. The comparative method can be used by a researcher to better understand their home jurisdiction by analyzing how other jurisdictions handle the same issue. This method can also be used as a critical analytical tool to distinguish particular features of a law. The drawback of this method is that it can be difficult to find material from other jurisdictions. Also, researchers should be sure that the comparisons are relevant to the thesis and not just used for description.

This type of research uses data analysis to study legal systems. A detailed guide on empirical methods can be found here . The process of empirical research involves four steps: design the project, collect and code the data, analyze the data, determine best method of presenting the results. The first step, designing the project, is when researchers define their hypothesis and concepts in concrete terms that can be observed. Next, researchers must collect and code the data by determining the possible sources of information and available collection methods, and then putting the data into a format that can be analyzed. When researchers analyze the data, they are comparing the data to their hypothesis. If the overlap between the two is significant, then their hypothesis is confirmed, but if there is little to no overlap, then their hypothesis is incorrect. Analysis involves summarizing the data and drawing inferences. There are two types of statistical inference in empirical research, descriptive and causal. Descriptive inference is close to summary, but the researcher uses the known data from the sample to draw conclusions about the whole population. Causal inference is the difference between two descriptive inferences.

Two main types of empirical legal research are qualitative and quantitative.

Quantitative, or numerical, empirical legal research involves taking information about cases and courts, translating that information into numbers, and then analyzing those numbers with statistical tools.

Qualitative, or non-numerical, empirical legal research involves extracting  information from the text of court documents, then interpreting and organizing the text into categories, and using that information to identify patterns.

Drafting The Methodology Section

This is the part of your paper that describes the research methodology, or methodologies if you used more than one. This section will contain a detailed description of how the research was conducted and why it was conducted in that way. First, draft an outline of what you must include in this section and gather the information needed.

Generally, a methodology section will contain the following:

• Statement of research objectives
• Reasons for the research methodology used
• Description and rationale of the data collection tools, sampling techniques, and data sources used, including a description of how the data collection tools were administered
• Discussion of the limitations
• Discussion of the data analysis tools used

Be sure that you have clearly defined the reasoning behind the chosen methodology and sources.

• Legal Reasoning, Research, and Writing for International Graduate Students Nadia E. Nedzel Aspen (2004) A guide to American legal research and the federal system, written for international students. Includes information on the research process, and tips for writing. Located in the Law Library, 3rd Floor: KF 240 .N43 2004.
• Methodologies of Legal Research: Which Kind of Method for What Kind of Discipline? Mark van Hoecke Oxford (2013) This book examines different methods of legal research including doctrinal, comparative, and interdisciplinary. Located at Lilly Law Library, Indianapolis, 2nd Floor: K 235 .M476 2013. IU students may request item via IUCAT.
• An Introduction to Empirical Legal Research Lee Epstein and Andrew D. Martin Oxford University Press (2014) This book includes information on designing research, collecting and coding data, analyzing data, and drafting the final paper. Located at Lilly Law Library, Indianapolis, 2nd Floor: K 85 .E678 2014. IU students may request item via IUCAT.
• Emplirical Legal Studies Blog The ELS blog was created by several law professors, and focuses on using empirical methods in legal research, theory, and scholarship. Search or browse the blog to find entries on methodology, data sources, software, and other tips and techniques.

Literature Review

The literature review provides an examination of existing pieces of research, and serves as a foundation for further research. It allows the researcher to critically evaluate existing scholarship and research practices, and puts the new thesis in context. When conducting a literature review, one should consider the following: who are the leading scholars in the subject area; what has been published on the subject; what factors or subtopics have these scholars identified as important for further examination; what research methods have others used; what were the pros and cons of using those methods; what other theories have been explored.

The literature review should include a description of coverage. The researcher should describe what material was selected and why, and how those selections are relevant to the thesis. Discuss what has been written on the topic and where the thesis fits in the context of existing scholarship. The researcher should evaluate the sources and methodologies used by other researchers, and describe how the thesis different.

The following video gives an overview of conducting a literature review.

Note: this video is not specific to legal literature, however it may be helpful as a general overview.

Not sure where to start? Here are a few suggestions for digging into sources once you have selected a topic.

Research Guides

Research guides are discovery tools, or gateways of information. They pull together lists of sources on a topic. Some guides even offer brief overviews and additional research steps specifically for that topic. Many law libraries offer guides on a variety of subjects. You can locate guides by visiting library websites, such as this Library's site , the Law Library of Congress , or other schools like Georgetown . Some organizations also compile research guides, such as the American Society of International Law . Utilizing a research guide on your topic to generate an introductory source list can save you valuable time.

Secondary Sources

It is often a good idea to begin research with secondary sources. These resources summarize, explain, and analyze the law. They also provide references to primary sources and other secondary sources. This saves you time and effort, and can help you quickly identify major themes under your topic and help you place your thesis in context.

Encyclopedias provide broad coverage of all areas of the law, but do not go in-depth on narrow topics, or discuss differences by jurisdiction, or  include all of the pertinent cases. American Jurisprudence ( AmJur ) and Corpus Juris Secundum ( CJS ) have nationwide coverage, while the Indiana Law Encyclopedia focuses on Indiana state law. A number of other states also have their own state-specific encyclopedias.

American Law Reports ( ALR ) are annotations that synopsize various cases on narrow legal topics. Each annotation covers a different topic, and provides a leading or typical case on the topic, plus cases from different jurisdictions that follow different rules, or cases where different facts applying the same rule led to different outcomes. The annotations also refer to other secondary sources.  

Legal periodicals include several different types of publications such as law reviews from academic institutions or organizations, bar journals, and commercial journals/newspapers/newsletters. Legal periodicals feature articles that describe the current state of the law and often explore underlying policies. They also critique laws, court decisions, and policies, and often advocate for changes. Articles also discuss emerging issues and notify the profession of new developments. Law reviews can be useful for in-depth coverage on narrow topics, and references to primary and other secondary sources. However, content can become outdated and researchers must be mindful of biases in articles. 

Treatises/Hornbooks/Practice Guides are a type of secondary source that provides comprehensive coverage of a legal subject. It could be broad, such as a treatise covering all of contract law, or very narrow such as a treatise focused only on search and seizure cases. These sources are good when you have some general background on the topic, but you need more in-depth coverage of the legal rules and policies. Treatises are generally well organized, and provide you with finding aids (index, table of contents, etc.) and extensive footnotes or endnotes that will lead you to primary sources like cases, statutes, and regulations. They may also include appendices with supporting material like forms. However, treatises may not be updated as frequently as other sources and may not cover your specific issue or jurisdiction.

Citation and Writing Style

• Legal Writing in Plain English Bryan A. Garner University of Chicago Press, 2001. Call # KF 250 .G373 2001 Location: Law Library, 3rd Floor Provides lawyers, judges, paralegals, law students, and legal scholars with sound advice and practical tools for improving their written work. The leading guide to clear writing in the field, this book offers valuable insights into the writing process: how to organize ideas, create and refine prose, and improve editing skills. This guide uses real-life writing samples that Garner has gathered through decades of teaching experience. Includes sets of basic, intermediate, and advanced exercises in each section.
• The Elements of Legal Style Bryan A. Garner Oxford University Press, 2002. Call # KF 250 .G37 2002 Location: Law Library, 1st Floor, Reference This book explains the full range of what legal writers need to know: mechanics, word choice, structure, and rhetoric, as well as all the special conventions that legal writers should follow in using headings, defined terms, quotations, and many other devices. Garner also provides examples from highly regarded legal writers, including Oliver Wendell Holmes, Clarence Darrow, Frank Easterbrook, and Antonin Scalia.
• Grammarly Blog Blog featuring helpful information about quirks of the English language, for example when to use "affect" or "effect" and other tips. Use the search feature to locate an article relevant to your grammar query.
• Plain English for Lawyers Richard C. Wydick Carolina Academic Press, 2005. Call # KF 250 .W9 2005 Location: Law Library, 3rd Floor Award-winning book that contains guidance to improve the writing of lawyers and law students and to promote the modern trend toward a clear, plain style of legal writing. Includes exercises at the end of each chapter.
• The Chicago Manual of Style University of Chicago Press, 2010. Call # Z 253 .U69 2010 Location: Law Library, 2nd Floor While not addressing legal writing specifically, The Chicago Manual of Style is one of the most widely used and respected style guides in the United States. It focuses on American English and deals with aspects of editorial practice, including grammar and usage, as well as document preparation and formatting.
• The Chicago Manual of Style (Online) Bryan A. Garner and William S. Strong The University of Chicago Press, 2017. Online edition: use the link above to view record in IUCAT, then click the Access link (for IU students only).
• The Bluebook Compiled by the editors of the Columbia Law Review, the Harvard Law Review, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and the Yale Law Journal. Harvard Law Review Association, 2015. Call # KF245 .B58 2015 Location: Law Library, 1st Floor, Circulation Desk The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation is a style guide that prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the United States. The Bluebook is taught and used at a majority of U.S. law schools, law reviews and journals, and used in a majority of U.S. federal courts.
• User's Guide to the Bluebook Alan L. Dworsky William S. Hein & Co., Inc., 2015. Call # KF 245 .D853 2015 Location: Law Library, Circulation Desk "This User's Guide is written for practitioners (law students, law clerks, lawyers, legal secretaries and paralegals), and is designed to make the task of mastering citation form as easy and painless as possible. To help alleviate the obstacles faced when using proper citation form, this text is set up as a how-to manual with a step-by-step approach to learning the basic skills of citation and includes the numbers of the relevant Bluebook rules under most chapter subheadings for easy reference when more information is needed"--Provided by the publisher.
• Legal Citation in a Nutshell Larry L. Teply West Academic Publishing, 2016. Call # KF 245 .T47 2016 Location: Law Library, 1st Floor, Circulation Desk This book is designed to ease the task of learning legal citation. It initially focuses on conventions that underlie all accepted forms and systems of legal citation. Building on that understanding and an explanation of the “process” of using citations in legal writing, the book then discusses and illustrates the basic rules.
• Introduction to Basic Legal Citation (Online) Peter W. Martin Cornell Legal Information Institute, 2017. Free online resource. Includes a thorough review of the relevant rules of appellate practice of federal and state courts. It takes account of the latest edition of The Bluebook, published in 2015, and provides a correlation table between this free online citation guide and the Bluebook.
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Law Thesis Topics

This page provides a comprehensive list of law thesis topics , designed to assist students in navigating the broad and intricate field of legal studies. Choosing the right thesis topic is crucial for every law student, as it not only contributes to their academic success but also helps in shaping their future career paths. The list encompasses a wide range of specialized areas within the law, including but not limited to administrative law, corporate law, criminal justice, and human rights law. Each category is rich with potential research questions that reflect current challenges and emerging trends in the legal landscape. This resource aims to inspire and support students by providing them with a vast array of topics, thereby facilitating an informed and focused approach to their thesis writing endeavors.

1000 Law Thesis Topics and Ideas

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Get 10% off with 24start discount code, browse law thesis topics:, administrative law thesis topics, banking and finance law thesis topics, commercial law thesis topics, competition law thesis topics, constitutional law thesis topics, contract law thesis topics, corporate law thesis topics, criminal law thesis topics, cyber law thesis topics, environmental law thesis topics, european union law thesis topics, family law thesis topics, health law thesis topics, human rights law thesis topics, immigration law thesis topics, intellectual property law thesis topics, international law thesis topics, labor law thesis topics, legal ethics thesis topics, maritime law thesis topics, media law thesis topics, property law thesis topics, public international law thesis topics, sports law thesis topics, tax law thesis topics.

• The impact of administrative reforms on government efficiency in the 21st century.
• Examining the role of public consultation in administrative decision-making processes.
• The effectiveness of ombudsman institutions in resolving public grievances: A comparative study.
• Legal challenges in implementing electronic governance and digitalization of administrative services.
• The influence of political change on administrative law reforms.
• Judicial review of administrative actions: Balancing government discretion and citizen rights.
• The evolution of administrative law under the pressure of emergency health responses (e.g., COVID-19).
• Privacy rights versus state security: Where should the line be drawn in administrative policies?
• The role of administrative law in combating climate change: Case studies from around the world.
• The effectiveness of administrative penalties in regulating corporate behavior.
• Transparency and accountability in public procurement processes.
• Comparative analysis of administrative law systems in federal and unitary states.
• The role of administrative law in shaping public health policies.
• Administrative law and its impact on minority rights protections.
• The challenge of maintaining administrative justice in times of political instability.
• Legal mechanisms for citizen participation in the administrative rule-making process.
• The future of administrative litigation: Trends and predictions.
• Impact of international law on national administrative law procedures.
• Administrative law’s response to socio-economic disparities.
• The use of artificial intelligence in administrative decision-making: Legal and ethical implications.
• Balancing efficiency and fairness in administrative adjudication.
• The role of administrative agencies in environmental conservation.
• Regulatory challenges in the administration of emerging technologies.
• The impact of globalization on national administrative law practices.
• Administrative law as a tool for social reform.
• Corruption and administrative law: Safeguards and pitfalls.
• Administrative discretion and its limits in democratic societies.
• The intersection of administrative law and human rights.
• The administrative burden of tax law enforcement and compliance.
• Public access to information: Evaluating legal frameworks in different jurisdictions.
• The role of whistleblowers in the administrative state: Protection versus persecution.
• Outsourcing government services: Legal ramifications and oversight.
• Legal standards for emergency powers of administrative agencies.
• Administrative law and the management of public lands.
• Challenges in regulatory enforcement against multinational corporations.
• The impact of administrative decisions on small businesses.
• Legal remedies for administrative injustices: Are they sufficient?
• The influence of lobbying on administrative rule-making.
• The role of the judiciary in shaping administrative law.
• The future of public administration: Predicting changes in law and policy.
• The legal implications of blockchain technology in banking and finance.
• An analysis of regulatory approaches to cryptocurrency in major global economies.
• The role of law in preventing financial crises: Lessons learned from past financial collapses.
• Legal challenges in implementing digital currencies by central banks.
• Consumer protection in online banking: Evaluating current legal frameworks.
• The impact of Brexit on the banking and finance laws in the UK and EU.
• Regulatory responses to financial innovation: Balancing innovation and consumer protection.
• Legal strategies for combating money laundering in the international banking sector.
• The influence of international sanctions on banking and financial transactions.
• Legal issues surrounding the securitization of assets.
• The role of legal frameworks in fostering sustainable banking practices.
• The enforcement of banking regulations against systemic risk.
• Legal aspects of banking insolvencies and their impact on the global economy.
• The evolution of consumer credit laws and their impact on the banking industry.
• The effectiveness of anti-corruption regulations in the banking sector.
• Legal considerations in the management of cross-border banking operations.
• The regulation of shadow banking systems and their legal implications.
• Legal challenges faced by fintech companies in the banking sector.
• The role of law in addressing disparities in access to banking services.
• Legal frameworks for banking privacy and data protection in the age of digital banking.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on regulatory compliance in banking.
• Legal aspects of risk management in banking: Current practices and future directions.
• The legalities of banking for high-risk clients: Balancing business and regulatory requirements.
• The enforcement of Basel III standards in developing countries.
• Legal issues related to bank mergers and acquisitions.
• The regulation of international investment and its impact on banking laws.
• Legal challenges in microfinancing: Protecting both lenders and borrowers.
• The implications of non-performing loans on banking law and policy.
• Banking dispute resolution: The effectiveness of arbitration and mediation.
• The legal framework for Islamic banking and finance: Comparison with Western banking laws.
• The role of the judiciary in shaping banking laws and practices.
• The future of banking regulation: Predicting changes post-global pandemic.
• Legal frameworks governing venture capital and its role in economic development.
• Regulatory challenges in mobile and electronic payment systems.
• The impact of interest rate regulations on banking profitability and lending practices.
• Legal approaches to combat insider trading in the banking sector.
• The role of legal systems in shaping corporate governance in banks.
• Legal provisions for the protection of minority shareholders in banks.
• Regulatory frameworks for derivatives: Balancing risk and innovation.
• The role of international law in governing global banking practices.
• The impact of global trade agreements on domestic commercial laws.
• Legal challenges in e-commerce: Consumer rights and seller responsibilities.
• The enforcement of international commercial contracts: Comparative legal analysis.
• Intellectual property rights in the digital age: Protecting innovations while fostering competition.
• Legal frameworks for cross-border e-commerce transactions.
• The role of commercial law in supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
• Arbitration vs. court litigation: Choosing the right path for commercial disputes.
• The evolution of commercial law with the rise of artificial intelligence and robotics.
• Legal strategies for protecting brand identity and trademarks internationally.
• The impact of anti-monopoly laws on corporate mergers and acquisitions.
• Legal aspects of supply chain management and logistics.
• The enforcement of non-disclosure agreements in international business deals.
• Consumer protection laws in the context of misleading advertising and sales practices.
• The role of commercial law in regulating online payment systems.
• Contract law for the modern entrepreneur: Navigating contracts in a digital world.
• The influence of cultural differences on international commercial negotiations and laws.
• Legal challenges in franchising: Protecting franchisors and franchisees.
• Commercial leasing disputes and the law: Trends and resolutions.
• Corporate social responsibility and commercial law: Legal obligations and implications.
• Legal implications of Brexit for European trade and commercial law.
• Regulation of commercial drones: Privacy, safety, and commercial uses.
• Legal issues surrounding the gig economy and contract employment.
• Protecting consumer data in commercial transactions: Legal obligations and challenges.
• Legal aspects of marketing and advertising in digital media.
• Impact of environmental laws on commercial practices: From compliance to competitive advantage.
• Legal remedies in commercial law: Exploring efficient dispute resolution mechanisms.
• Insolvency and bankruptcy: Legal strategies for rescuing troubled businesses.
• The legal consequences of business espionage: Protecting commercial interests.
• The role of trademarks in building and maintaining brand value.
• Corporate governance in the modern corporation: Legal frameworks and challenges.
• Comparative analysis of commercial guaranties across different legal systems.
• Legal issues in the export and import of goods: Navigating international regulations.
• The regulation of commercial insurance: Balancing stakeholder interests.
• Legal challenges in real estate development and commercial property investments.
• Impact of digital currencies on commercial transactions.
• International taxation and its impact on multinational commercial operations.
• The regulation of unfair competition in a globalized market.
• Legal strategies for managing commercial risks in unstable economies.
• The role of law in innovative financing methods like crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending.
• Contractual liability and risk management in international commercial projects.
• The impact of digital market platforms on traditional competition law frameworks.
• Analyzing the effectiveness of antitrust laws against tech giants in the digital economy.
• Comparative analysis of competition law enforcement in the US and EU.
• The role of competition law in regulating mergers and acquisitions in the healthcare sector.
• Challenges in applying competition law to free-of-charge services on the internet.
• Legal strategies for combating price fixing in international markets.
• The impact of Brexit on competition law and policy in the UK.
• Competition law and its role in managing market dominance by multinational corporations.
• Evaluating the need for reform in competition law to adapt to global economic changes.
• The enforcement of competition law against patent abuse and anti-competitive practices in the pharmaceutical industry.
• The role of competition authorities in promoting innovation through enforcement policies.
• Analyzing the intersection of competition law and consumer protection.
• The effectiveness of leniency programs in uncovering and deterring cartel activity.
• Impact of competition law on small and medium-sized enterprises: Protection or hindrance?
• The influence of artificial intelligence on competitive practices and regulatory responses.
• The role of economic evidence in competition law litigation.
• Globalization and its effects on national competition law policies.
• The challenges of enforcing competition law in digital advertising markets.
• Network effects and lock-in as challenges for competition law in the IT industry.
• Legal remedies for anti-competitive practices in the energy sector.
• The dynamics of competition law in developing economies: Case studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
• The implications of cross-border competition law enforcement in multinational operations.
• Consumer welfare and the debate over the goals of competition law.
• The regulation of joint ventures under competition law: A critical analysis.
• Vertical restraints and competition law: Balancing market efficiencies and anti-competitive concerns.
• The role of competition law in sports, media, and entertainment industries.
• Competition law and policy in the era of globalization: Protecting domestic industries while encouraging innovation.
• The future of competition law enforcement in a post-pandemic world.
• The effectiveness of competition law in curbing monopolistic practices in the telecom industry.
• Balancing national security interests and competition law.
• The role of whistle-blowers in competition law enforcement.
• Assessing the impact of public sector monopolies on competition law.
• Competition law as a tool for economic development in emerging markets.
• The challenges of proving intent in anti-competitive practices.
• The application of competition law to the agricultural sector and its impact on food security.
• Reform proposals for more effective competition law enforcement.
• The role of state aid and subsidies in competition law.
• Competition law implications of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies.
• The balance between intellectual property rights and competition law.
• The use of machine learning algorithms in predicting and analyzing market competition.
• The evolving concept of constitutionalism in the digital age.
• Analysis of constitutional changes in response to global pandemics.
• The role of the judiciary in upholding constitutional rights in times of political turmoil.
• Comparative study of free speech protections under different constitutional regimes.
• The impact of migration crises on constitutional law frameworks in the EU.
• Gender equality and constitutional law: Examining legal reforms across the globe.
• The constitutional implications of Brexit for the United Kingdom.
• Federalism and the balance of power: Lessons from the United States Constitution.
• The enforceability of social and economic rights under constitutional law.
• The influence of international human rights treaties on national constitutional laws.
• The right to privacy in the era of mass surveillance: A constitutional perspective.
• The role of constitutions in managing ethnic and religious diversity.
• Constitutional law and the challenge of climate change.
• The legality of emergency powers under constitutional law in various countries.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on constitutional rights and liberties.
• Same-sex marriage and constitutional law: A comparative analysis.
• The constitutionality of the death penalty in the 21st century.
• Age and constitutional law: The rights and protections afforded to the elderly.
• Constitutional reforms and the evolution of democratic governance in Africa.
• The role of the constitution in combating corruption within government institutions.
• Gun control and constitutional rights: A critical analysis.
• The balance between national security and individual freedoms in constitutional law.
• The effectiveness of constitutional courts in protecting minority rights.
• The constitution as a living document: Interpretation and change in judicial review.
• Assessing the constitutional frameworks for federal and unitary states.
• The impact of populism on constitutional democracy.
• Constitutional law in the face of technological advancements: Regulation and rights.
• The role of constitutional amendments in shaping political stability.
• Analyzing the separation of powers in newly formed governments.
• Indigenous rights and constitutional law: Case studies from North America and Australasia.
• Constitutional law and public health: Legal responses to health emergencies.
• The constitutionality of affirmative action policies in education and employment.
• Political party bans and democracy: A constitutional analysis.
• The role of the constitution in economic policy and regulation.
• Constitutional challenges to the regulation of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies.
• The implications of judicial activism for constitutional law.
• The constitution and the right to a clean and healthy environment.
• The intersection of constitutional law and international diplomacy.
• Protection of children’s rights within constitutional frameworks.
• The future of constitutional governance in virtual and augmented reality environments.
• The enforceability of electronic contracts in international commerce.
• The impact of AI on contract formation and enforcement.
• Comparative analysis of contract law remedies in different jurisdictions.
• The legal implications of smart contracts in blockchain technologies.
• The role of contract law in regulating freelance and gig economy work.
• The challenges of cross-border contract enforcement in the digital age.
• Contractual risk management in international construction projects.
• The doctrine of frustration in contract law: Contemporary issues and challenges.
• Consumer protection in online contracts: A critical analysis.
• The influence of cultural differences on international commercial contracts.
• Force majeure clauses in contracts during global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
• The evolution of contract law with technological advancements.
• Legal issues surrounding the termination of contracts: A comparative study.
• The role of contract law in sustainable development and environmental protection.
• Misrepresentation in contract law: A review of current legal standards.
• The legal status of verbal agreements in a digital world.
• Contractual obligations and rights in the sharing economy.
• The interplay between contract law and intellectual property rights.
• The effectiveness of liquidated damages clauses in commercial contracts.
• Unconscionability in contract law: Protecting the vulnerable party.
• The enforcement of non-compete clauses in employment contracts.
• The legality of automatic renewal clauses in consumer and business contracts.
• The impact of contract law on consumer rights in financial agreements.
• Standard form contracts and the imbalance of power between parties.
• The role of mediation in resolving contract disputes.
• Contract law in the sale of goods: The challenges of e-commerce.
• The future of contract law in regulating virtual and augmented reality transactions.
• The concept of ‘good faith’ in contract negotiation and execution.
• Legal implications of contract breaches in international trade.
• The application of contract law in healthcare service agreements.
• The enforceability of penalty clauses in different legal systems.
• Contract modifications: Legal implications of changing terms mid-agreement.
• The legal challenges of subscription-based contract models.
• Contract law and data protection: Obligations and liabilities.
• The impact of insolvency on contractual relationships.
• The regulation of crowdfunding agreements under contract law.
• Consumer contracts and the right to withdraw in the digital marketplace.
• Ethical considerations in contract law: Duties beyond the written document.
• The use of contract law in combating human rights violations.
• The effectiveness of international conventions in harmonizing contract law across borders.
• Corporate governance and its impact on shareholder activism.
• The role of corporate social responsibility in modern business practices.
• Legal strategies to combat corporate fraud and enhance transparency.
• Comparative analysis of corporate bankruptcy laws and their effectiveness.
• The influence of global corporate regulations on multinational mergers and acquisitions.
• The impact of environmental regulations on corporate operations and compliance.
• Legal challenges and opportunities in corporate restructuring processes.
• Corporate liability for human rights violations in international operations.
• The effectiveness of anti-money laundering laws in the corporate sector.
• The role of ethics in corporate law: How legal frameworks shape business morality.
• The impact of technology on corporate governance: Blockchain and beyond.
• Legal aspects of venture capital funding in startups and SMEs.
• Corporate law in the digital age: Challenges and opportunities for digital enterprises.
• The role of minority shareholders in influencing corporate decisions.
• Legal frameworks for corporate whistleblowing and the protection of whistleblowers.
• Corporate insolvency procedures: A comparative study of the US and EU frameworks.
• The evolution of corporate personhood and its legal implications.
• The role of stock exchanges in enforcing corporate law.
• Legal issues surrounding corporate espionage and competitive intelligence gathering.
• Comparative analysis of corporate governance codes across different jurisdictions.
• Legal frameworks for handling conflicts of interest in corporate boards.
• The regulation of corporate political contributions and lobbying activities.
• Corporate taxation laws and their impact on international business strategies.
• The regulation of joint ventures under corporate law: Balancing interests and sharing control.
• The challenges of maintaining corporate compliance in a global market.
• Corporate law and the protection of intellectual property rights.
• The effectiveness of corporate penalties in deterring corporate misconduct.
• Legal aspects of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs).
• Corporate law implications for artificial intelligence integration in business practices.
• The legal challenges of managing cyber risk in corporate entities.
• Corporate law’s role in managing and disclosing financial risks.
• The impact of corporate law on the governance of nonprofit organizations.
• Legal responsibilities and liabilities of corporate directors and officers.
• The role of international treaties in shaping corporate law practices.
• Corporate law and its influence on strategic business alliances and partnerships.
• Legal aspects of sustainable investment in corporate decision-making.
• The regulation of private equity and hedge funds under corporate law.
• Legal challenges in corporate branding and marketing strategies.
• Corporate law considerations in the management of supply chains.
• The impact of corporate law on mergers and acquisitions in emerging markets.
• The impact of forensic science advancements on criminal law and procedure.
• Analyzing the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in reducing recidivism rates.
• The role of mental health assessments in criminal sentencing.
• Legal challenges in prosecuting international cybercrimes.
• The evolution of laws against domestic violence and their enforcement.
• The effectiveness of death penalty deterrence: A critical analysis.
• Legal frameworks for combating human trafficking: Global perspectives.
• The influence of social media on criminal behavior and law enforcement.
• Racial disparities in criminal sentencing: Causes and legal remedies.
• The application of criminal law to acts of terrorism: Balancing security and civil liberties.
• Juvenile justice: Reforming the approach to underage offenders.
• The legal implications of wrongful convictions: Prevention and compensation.
• Drug policy reform: The shift from criminalization to harm reduction.
• The impact of body-worn cameras on policing and criminal justice.
• Legal and ethical considerations in the use of DNA evidence in criminal trials.
• The role of the insanity defense in criminal law: A comparative study.
• Legal strategies for addressing gang violence within urban communities.
• The criminalization of poverty and its impact on justice.
• Analyzing the effectiveness of sexual assault legislation.
• The role of public opinion in shaping criminal law reforms.
• Legal approaches to combating corruption and white-collar crime.
• The challenges of protecting victims’ rights in criminal proceedings.
• The impact of immigration laws on criminal justice practices.
• Ethical and legal issues in the use of undercover policing tactics.
• The effects of legalizing marijuana on criminal justice systems.
• The role of international cooperation in combating cross-border criminal activities.
• The use of restorative justice practices in criminal law systems.
• Challenges in the enforcement of wildlife protection laws.
• Legal issues surrounding the use of force by law enforcement.
• The implications of emerging technologies for criminal law and justice.
• Legal definitions of terrorism and their impact on law enforcement.
• The impact of social movements on criminal law reform.
• Addressing elder abuse through criminal statutes and protections.
• The role of forensic psychology in criminal investigations.
• Legal consequences of financial crimes in different jurisdictions.
• Challenges in prosecuting war crimes and genocide.
• The legal aspects of electronic monitoring and surveillance in criminal investigations.
• The implications of international extradition in criminal law.
• Addressing the challenges of witness protection programs.
• The intersection of criminal law and human rights in detention and interrogation.
• Legal frameworks for data protection and privacy in the digital age.
• The implications of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on global internet governance.
• Cybersecurity laws: National strategies and international cooperation.
• The legality of government surveillance programs under international cyber law.
• Intellectual property challenges in the era of digital media.
• Legal issues surrounding the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning.
• The enforcement of cybercrimes: Challenges and strategies.
• Rights and responsibilities of individuals and corporations under cyber law.
• Cyberbullying and online harassment: Legal remedies and limitations.
• The role of cyber law in managing online misinformation and fake news.
• Legal challenges in the regulation of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
• The impact of cloud computing on privacy and data security legal frameworks.
• Legal aspects of e-commerce: Consumer protection online.
• The digital divide: Legal implications of unequal access to technology.
• Regulation of digital advertising and its implications for privacy.
• Jurisdictional issues in cyberspace: Determining liability in a borderless environment.
• Legal considerations for Internet of Things (IoT) devices in consumer and industrial applications.
• The role of anonymity in the internet: Balancing privacy and accountability.
• Cyber law and its impact on the creative industries: Copyright issues in digital content creation.
• Legal frameworks for combating online trade of illegal goods and services.
• The enforcement of digital rights management (DRM) technologies.
• Cyber law and online education: Intellectual property and privacy concerns.
• The regulation of social media platforms under cyber law.
• Legal remedies for victims of online identity theft.
• The implications of autonomous vehicles on cyber law.
• Legal strategies to address online child exploitation and protection.
• The impact of telemedicine on health law and cyber law.
• Challenges in enforcing online contracts and resolving disputes.
• Cyber law in the context of national security: Balancing civil liberties.
• Legal frameworks for software development and liability issues.
• The influence of international treaties on national cyber law policies.
• Legal aspects of cyber espionage and state-sponsored cyber attacks.
• Ethical hacking: Legal boundaries and implications.
• The regulation of online gaming: Consumer protection and cyber law.
• Cyber law and digital accessibility: Rights of differently-abled persons.
• Legal implications of biometric data processing in cyber law.
• The future of robotic automation and law: Ethical and legal considerations.
• The role of cyber law in the governance of digital health records.
• Managing online content: Legal issues around censorship and freedom of expression.
• Cyber law implications for digital banking and fintech.
• The effectiveness of international agreements in combating climate change.
• Legal strategies for biodiversity conservation in international and domestic contexts.
• The impact of environmental law on sustainable urban development.
• Comparative analysis of water rights and regulations across different jurisdictions.
• Legal mechanisms for controlling plastic pollution in marine environments.
• The role of environmental impact assessments in promoting sustainable projects.
• Legal and regulatory challenges of renewable energy implementation.
• The effectiveness of air quality laws in reducing urban smog.
• Environmental justice and its impact on marginalized communities.
• The role of the judiciary in shaping environmental policy.
• Corporate accountability for environmental degradation: Legal remedies.
• The regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their environmental impact.
• Legal frameworks for the protection of endangered species and habitats.
• Climate refugees: Legal challenges and protections under international law.
• The intersection of environmental law and human rights.
• Challenges in enforcing environmental laws against multinational corporations.
• Legal aspects of carbon trading and emissions reduction schemes.
• The impact of agricultural practices on environmental law and policy.
• Mining and environmental degradation: Legal responses and remedies.
• The use of environmental law to combat deforestation.
• Legal issues related to energy storage and its environmental impacts.
• Regulatory challenges of nanotechnology and environmental health.
• Legal strategies for water management in drought-prone areas.
• The regulation of noise pollution in urban environments.
• The role of public participation in environmental decision-making.
• Legal frameworks for dealing with hazardous waste and its disposal.
• Environmental law as a tool for green building and construction practices.
• Legal challenges in protecting wetlands through environmental laws.
• The enforceability of international environmental law.
• The impact of environmental laws on traditional land use and indigenous rights.
• The role of local governments in environmental governance.
• Environmental law and the regulation of pesticides and chemicals.
• Legal responses to environmental disasters and recovery processes.
• The implications of deep-sea mining for environmental law.
• The role of environmental NGOs in shaping law and policy.
• Legal tools for the conservation of marine biodiversity.
• Challenges of integrating environmental concerns in corporate governance.
• Legal implications of artificial intelligence in environmental monitoring.
• The role of litigation in enforcing environmental norms and standards.
• Trends and challenges in the enforcement of transboundary environmental laws.
• The impact of EU law on national sovereignty of member states.
• Brexit and its legal implications for both the UK and EU.
• The effectiveness of the EU’s data protection regulation (GDPR) in a global context.
• The role of the European Court of Justice in shaping EU policies.
• Legal analysis of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and its impacts.
• The EU’s approach to antitrust and competition law enforcement.
• Human rights protection under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
• Legal challenges in the implementation of the EU’s Digital Single Market.
• The EU’s role in international trade: Legal frameworks and challenges.
• The influence of EU environmental law on member state legislation.
• Consumer protection laws in the EU and their effectiveness.
• Legal mechanisms of the EU banking union and capital markets union.
• The regulation of pharmaceuticals and healthcare within the EU.
• Migration and asylum laws in the EU: Challenges and responses.
• The role of lobbying in EU lawmaking processes.
• Legal aspects of the EU’s energy policy and its impact on sustainability.
• The enforcement of intellectual property rights within the EU.
• The EU’s legal framework for dealing with cyber security threats.
• Analysis of EU labor laws and their impact on worker mobility.
• Legal bases for EU sanctions and their impact on international relations.
• The EU’s legal strategies against terrorism and organized crime.
• The effectiveness of the EU’s regional development policies.
• Legal and ethical issues in AI regulation within the EU.
• The EU’s approach to regulating blockchain technology.
• The challenges of EU enlargement: Case studies of recent accession countries.
• The role of the EU in global environmental governance.
• The impact of EU laws on the rights of indigenous populations.
• Legal analysis of EU sports law and policy.
• The EU’s framework for consumer digital privacy and security.
• The regulation of biotechnology in agriculture within the EU.
• EU tax law and its implications for global corporations.
• The role of the European Ombudsman in ensuring administrative justice.
• The influence of EU copyright law on digital media and entertainment.
• Legal frameworks for public procurement in the EU.
• The impact of EU maritime law on international shipping and trade.
• EU chemical regulations: REACH and its global implications.
• Legal issues surrounding the EU’s external border control policies.
• The EU’s role in shaping international aviation law.
• The impact of EU law on public health policy and regulation.
• The future of the EU’s constitutional framework and its legal challenges.
• The impact of cultural diversity on family law practices.
• Legal challenges in the enforcement of international child custody agreements.
• The effectiveness of mediation in resolving family disputes.
• The evolution of child support laws in response to changing societal norms.
• Comparative analysis of divorce laws across different jurisdictions.
• Legal implications of surrogacy: Rights of the child, surrogate, and intended parents.
• The impact of social media on family relationships and legal proceedings.
• Legal rights of cohabiting couples: A comparative study.
• The role of family law in addressing domestic violence.
• The legal recognition of LGBTQ+ families in different countries.
• The effect of parental alienation on child custody decisions.
• Adoption laws and the challenges of cross-border adoption.
• Legal issues surrounding elder care and guardianship.
• The role of genetic testing in family law (paternity disputes, inheritance rights).
• The impact of immigration laws on family unification policies.
• The rights of children with disabilities in family law proceedings.
• The influence of religious beliefs on family law decisions.
• The legal challenges of blended families: Rights and responsibilities.
• The role of children’s rights in family law: Voice and protection.
• Legal frameworks for dealing with family assets and financial disputes.
• The impact of addiction (substance abuse, gambling) on family dynamics and legal outcomes.
• The enforcement of prenuptial agreements: A critical analysis.
• Legal responses to teenage pregnancy and parental responsibilities.
• The effect of military service on family law issues (divorce, custody).
• The challenges of maintaining privacy in family law cases.
• The impact of mental health on parental rights and child custody.
• The role of the state in family planning and reproductive rights.
• Comparative study of same-sex marriage laws before and after legalization.
• The evolution of father’s rights in family law.
• The legal complexities of artificial reproductive technologies.
• Family law and its role in preventing child marriages.
• The impact of economic downturns on family law issues (alimony, child support).
• Legal strategies for protecting domestic violence survivors through family law.
• The role of international conventions in shaping family law.
• Gender biases in family law: A critical analysis.
• The regulation of family law advertising and its ethical implications.
• The influence of international human rights law on family law.
• The challenges of transnational families in navigating family law.
• Legal and ethical issues in the involuntary sterilization of disabled individuals.
• The future of family law: Predicting changes in legislation and practice.
• The legal implications of telemedicine and remote healthcare services.
• Regulation and liability of artificial intelligence in healthcare.
• The impact of healthcare laws on patient privacy and data protection.
• Legal issues surrounding the right to die: Euthanasia and assisted suicide.
• The enforcement of mental health legislation and patient rights.
• Legal challenges in the regulation of pharmaceuticals and medical devices.
• The role of health law in managing infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19.
• Ethical and legal considerations of genetic testing and genome editing.
• Comparative analysis of health insurance models and their legal implications.
• The impact of health law on underserved and marginalized populations.
• Legal aspects of medical malpractice and healthcare provider liability.
• The regulation of stem cell research and therapy.
• Legal frameworks for addressing obesity as a public health issue.
• The role of law in combating healthcare fraud and abuse.
• Ethical issues in the allocation of scarce medical resources.
• Legal challenges in child and adolescent health care consent.
• The influence of global health initiatives on national health law policies.
• Legal issues related to the development and use of biobanks.
• Health law and its impact on emergency medical response and preparedness.
• Legal and ethical challenges in the treatment of psychiatric patients.
• The rights of patients in clinical trials: Informed consent and beyond.
• The regulation of medical marijuana and its impact on healthcare systems.
• Health law’s role in addressing non-communicable diseases.
• Legal strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.
• The legal implications of sports medicine and athlete care.
• The protection of vulnerable groups in healthcare settings.
• Legal frameworks governing organ donation and transplantation.
• The role of health law in reproductive rights and technologies.
• The impact of bioethics on health law policy and practice.
• Legal considerations of global health diplomacy and international health law.
• The regulation of alternative and complementary medicine.
• Legal challenges in providing healthcare in rural and remote areas.
• The impact of nutrition and food law on public health.
• Legal responses to aging populations and elder care.
• Health law and its impact on vaccination policies and enforcement.
• The legal implications of patient literacy and health education.
• Regulatory challenges in health information technology and mobile health apps.
• Legal and ethical issues in cosmetic and elective surgery.
• The role of whistleblowers in improving healthcare quality and safety.
• The legal implications of healthcare marketing and consumer protection.
• The impact of international human rights conventions on domestic laws.
• The role of the International Criminal Court in enforcing human rights standards.
• Legal remedies for victims of war crimes and genocide.
• The enforcement of human rights in areas of conflict and post-conflict societies.
• The legal implications of refugee and asylum seeker policies.
• The right to freedom of expression in the digital age.
• Human rights challenges in the context of global migration.
• Legal protections against discrimination based on gender, race, and sexuality.
• The impact of cultural practices on the enforcement of human rights.
• Legal frameworks for protecting children in armed conflicts.
• The role of non-governmental organizations in promoting and protecting human rights.
• Human rights and environmental law: the right to a healthy environment.
• The legal aspects of economic, social, and cultural rights.
• Protecting the rights of indigenous peoples: international and domestic approaches.
• Human rights implications of counter-terrorism laws and practices.
• The role of national human rights institutions in promoting human rights.
• Legal challenges in combating human trafficking and modern slavery.
• The rights of disabled individuals under international human rights law.
• Legal strategies to combat racial and ethnic profiling.
• The protection of human rights defenders in hostile environments.
• The impact of globalization on labor rights and working conditions.
• The role of the media in promoting human rights awareness and protection.
• Human rights law and its intersection with gender-based violence.
• The right to education and legal measures to enforce it.
• Legal responses to the crisis of statelessness.
• Human rights issues surrounding the management of natural disasters.
• The role of human rights law in regulating private military and security companies.
• The right to privacy in the surveillance era.
• Legal measures to address economic inequality and ensure human rights.
• The challenge of protecting human rights in authoritarian regimes.
• Human rights in medical law: issues of consent and autonomy.
• The right to food and water as fundamental human rights.
• Legal frameworks for the rights of the elderly in different countries.
• The role of human rights law in addressing issues of domestic violence.
• Human rights considerations in the development and enforcement of immigration laws.
• The impact of intellectual property laws on access to medicines.
• The enforcement of the rights of LGBT individuals globally.
• Human rights law and its application to internet governance.
• The legal rights of prisoners and the conditions of detention.
• The role of human rights in shaping international trade and investment policies.
• The impact of immigration laws on national security in various countries.
• Comparative analysis of asylum procedures across different jurisdictions.
• The role of immigration law in shaping multicultural societies.
• Legal challenges faced by refugees and asylum seekers during resettlement.
• The effectiveness of skilled migrant programs and their impact on the economy.
• Legal and ethical considerations in the detention of immigrants.
• The influence of international human rights law on national immigration policies.
• The impact of Brexit on immigration laws in the UK and the EU.
• The role of international agreements in managing migration crises.
• Legal strategies to combat human trafficking within the immigration system.
• The rights of undocumented immigrants and access to legal aid.
• The enforcement of immigration laws and the rights of migrant workers.
• The legal implications of family reunification policies.
• Analysis of deportation procedures and their compliance with international law.
• The effect of climate change on migration patterns and immigration law.
• Legal measures to protect immigrants against labor exploitation.
• The role of local governments in immigration enforcement.
• The legal aspects of border management technologies.
• Immigration law and its impact on education for immigrant children.
• The challenges of integrating immigrants into host societies legally.
• Comparative study of investor immigration programs.
• The effects of cultural bias in immigration law enforcement.
• Legal remedies for immigrants subjected to discrimination.
• The intersection of immigration law and public health policies.
• The legal consequences of overstaying visas on future immigration applications.
• The role of consulates and embassies in the immigration process.
• Legal frameworks for addressing statelessness in the context of immigration.
• Immigration law’s response to temporary protection statuses.
• The impact of international sports events on immigration laws and policies.
• The role of non-governmental organizations in shaping immigration law.
• The use of biometric data in immigration control.
• Legal perspectives on the economic impact of immigration.
• Challenges in protecting the rights of elderly immigrants.
• The influence of immigration on national identity and cultural policies.
• Legal implications of global demographic shifts on immigration policies.
• The regulation of international student visas and their impact on higher education.
• Legal challenges faced by immigrants in accessing healthcare services.
• The dynamics of urban immigration and legal integration strategies.
• Legal issues concerning expatriation and renunciation of citizenship.
• The future of immigration law in the face of global political changes.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on copyright and patent law.
• Comparative analysis of trademark laws in the digital age across different jurisdictions.
• The role of intellectual property rights in fostering or hindering innovation.
• Legal challenges in the protection of software under intellectual property law.
• The enforcement of intellectual property rights in online platforms.
• The balance between intellectual property rights and the public domain.
• The implications of 3D printing technologies on intellectual property rights.
• Intellectual property issues in the music industry: Streaming and digital rights.
• The effectiveness of international intellectual property treaties like WIPO and TRIPS.
• Intellectual property strategies for biotechnological inventions.
• The role of patents in the pharmaceutical industry and access to medicine.
• The impact of intellectual property rights on traditional knowledge and cultural expressions.
• Copyright law and its adaptability to new forms of media like virtual reality.
• The intersection of intellectual property law and competition law.
• Legal frameworks for managing intellectual property in joint ventures and collaborations.
• The role of intellectual property in the fashion industry and combating counterfeits.
• Trademark dilution: A comparative study between the U.S. and EU approaches.
• Legal challenges associated with celebrity rights and their management under IP law.
• Intellectual property rights and their impact on small and medium-sized enterprises.
• The protection of design rights in industrial models and drawings.
• Intellectual property and corporate governance: Policy, compliance, and enforcement.
• The challenges of enforcing intellectual property rights in the global south.
• The evolution of copyright law in protecting digital ebooks and publications.
• Intellectual property law in the advertising industry: Challenges and perspectives.
• Ethical considerations in intellectual property law.
• The role of intellectual property in the development of artificial organs and bioprinting.
• Challenges in patenting genetic material and the moral implications thereof.
• Intellectual property considerations in cross-border mergers and acquisitions.
• Intellectual property rights in the context of augmented reality technologies.
• The role of intellectual property in the semiconductor industry.
• The impact of open-source licensing on intellectual property law.
• Legal issues surrounding the protection of data and databases under intellectual property law.
• The role of intellectual property in sports marketing and merchandise.
• Intellectual property issues in cloud computing and data storage.
• Copyright disputes in the film industry: Case studies and legal insights.
• The protection of plant varieties and agricultural innovation under IP law.
• Intellectual property and its role in promoting or restricting access to educational materials.
• Trade secrets law: Comparative approaches and key challenges.
• The impact of geographical indications on local economies and protection strategies.
• Intellectual property law and its enforcement in the age of the internet of things.
• The effectiveness of the United Nations in resolving international disputes.
• The role of international law in governing the use of force by states.
• Legal frameworks for international cooperation in combating climate change.
• The implications of sovereignty and state responsibility in international law.
• The enforcement of international human rights law in conflict zones.
• Legal strategies for addressing international cybercrime and digital warfare.
• The regulation of international trade under the World Trade Organization (WTO).
• Legal challenges in the management of global migration and refugee crises.
• The impact of international sanctions on global diplomacy and law.
• The legal status and rights of stateless individuals under international law.
• The application of international law in the Antarctic and other common areas.
• The protection of cultural heritage in times of war under international law.
• The role of international courts and tribunals in enforcing maritime law.
• Comparative analysis of regional human rights mechanisms (e.g., European, African, American).
• The jurisdiction and reach of the International Criminal Court (ICC).
• The legal implications of territorial disputes on international relations.
• The influence of international law on national legislation regarding environmental protection.
• The legal treatment of indigenous peoples’ rights at the international level.
• The development of international norms for corporate social responsibility.
• Legal and ethical considerations in international medical research and healthcare.
• The regulation of international finance and its impact on economic development.
• The challenges of enforcing intellectual property rights at the international level.
• The legal frameworks governing the use and regulation of drones in international airspace.
• The impact of bilateral and multilateral treaties on domestic legal systems.
• International legal standards for the treatment of prisoners and detainees.
• The role of diplomatic immunity in contemporary international law.
• Legal issues surrounding international sports events and the governance of international sports bodies.
• The use of international law in combating terrorism and protecting national security.
• Legal measures against international trafficking of drugs, arms, and human beings.
• The role of non-state actors in international law (NGOs, multinational corporations, etc.).
• Legal considerations in the preservation of biodiversity under international conventions.
• The international legal ramifications of artificial islands and reclaimed territories.
• The dynamics of negotiation and implementation of international peace treaties.
• The intersection of international law and global public health policies.
• The legal challenges in regulating outer space activities and celestial bodies.
• The enforcement of international labor standards and their impact on global trade.
• Legal implications of global electronic surveillance by states.
• The regulation of international nuclear energy and nuclear weapons.
• The role of international law in addressing issues of global poverty and inequality.
• The future of international law in a multipolar world order.
• The impact of globalization on labor rights and standards.
• Legal challenges and protections for gig economy workers.
• Comparative analysis of minimum wage laws across different jurisdictions.
• The role of trade unions in modern labor markets.
• Legal frameworks governing telecommuting and remote work arrangements.
• Enforcement of anti-discrimination laws in the workplace.
• The impact of artificial intelligence and automation on labor laws.
• Legal protections for migrant workers in host countries.
• The effectiveness of occupational safety and health regulations.
• The role of labor law in managing economic crises and labor market shocks.
• Gender equality in the workplace: Assessing legal approaches.
• The regulation of child labor in developing economies.
• Legal implications of employee surveillance practices.
• Rights and legal protections for part-time, temporary, and seasonal workers.
• Collective bargaining challenges in the public sector.
• The legal status of unpaid internships and volunteer work.
• Legal responses to workplace bullying and psychological harassment.
• The enforceability of non-compete clauses in employment contracts.
• Legal issues related to employee benefits and pensions.
• The impact of labor laws on small businesses and startups.
• Labor rights in the informal economy.
• Legal strategies for conflict resolution in labor disputes.
• The influence of international labor standards on national laws.
• The role of labor law in promoting sustainable employment practices.
• The effectiveness of mediation and arbitration in labor disputes.
• Legal protections against wrongful termination.
• The challenges of enforcing fair labor practices across multinational corporations.
• The rights of disabled workers under labor law.
• Labor law and its adaptation to the changing nature of work.
• The regulation of labor in industries with high risk of exploitation (e.g., textiles, mining).
• The impact of labor law on industrial relations in the healthcare sector.
• Legal aspects of wage theft and its enforcement.
• Labor laws related to shift work and overtime regulations.
• The legal consequences of labor strikes and lockouts.
• Employee privacy rights versus employer’s right to monitor.
• The role of labor law in economic development and poverty reduction.
• Legal frameworks for employee representation in corporate governance.
• The challenges of labor law compliance in the retail sector.
• Labor law issues in the entertainment and sports industries.
• Future trends in labor law: Anticipating changes in legislation and workplace norms.
• The ethical implications of attorney-client confidentiality.
• Ethical challenges in pro bono legal work.
• The role of personal morality in legal judgments.
• Ethical dilemmas faced by defense attorneys in criminal cases.
• The influence of ethics on legal decision-making processes.
• Conflicts of interest in legal practice: Identification and management.
• Ethical considerations in legal advertising and client solicitation.
• The impact of technology on ethical practices in law.
• Ethical issues in the representation of minors and incapacitated clients.
• The enforcement of ethical standards in the judiciary.
• Ethical challenges in corporate legal departments.
• The ethics of legal outsourcing and the use of non-lawyers.
• Ethical considerations in mediation and alternative dispute resolution.
• The implications of ethical misconduct on legal careers.
• The duty of lawyers to the court vs. client loyalty.
• Ethical issues in cross-border legal practices.
• The responsibility of lawyers in preventing money laundering.
• The ethical dimensions of legal education and training.
• The balance between justice and efficiency in legal ethics.
• Ethical considerations in the use of artificial intelligence in law.
• The ethics of plea bargaining and its impact on justice.
• Ethical issues in the management of legal trusts and estates.
• The role of ethics in environmental law.
• Professional responsibility in managing legal errors and omissions.
• Ethical dilemmas in bankruptcy law.
• The impact of personal ethics on public interest law.
• Ethical considerations in the competitive practices of law firms.
• Ethics in legal research: Ensuring accuracy and integrity.
• The moral obligations of lawyers in promoting human rights.
• The ethics of lawyer activism in political and social movements.
• Challenges of maintaining ethical standards in high-pressure legal environments.
• Ethical issues in the intersection of law and politics.
• The professional ethics of tax lawyers.
• Ethical challenges in the prosecution of complex financial crimes.
• The ethical dimensions of elder law and representation of the elderly.
• The role of moral philosophy in legal ethics curricula.
• Ethical considerations in capital punishment cases.
• Lawyers’ ethical responsibilities in handling classified information.
• The impact of ethical lapses in corporate scandals.
• Future directions in legal ethics: Preparing lawyers for emerging moral challenges.
• The legal frameworks governing international maritime boundaries.
• Liability issues in the event of oil spills and maritime environmental disasters.
• The regulation of piracy under international maritime law.
• Legal challenges in the Arctic maritime routes and territorial claims.
• The effectiveness of maritime safety regulations in preventing accidents at sea.
• Legal aspects of maritime insurance: Coverage, claims, and disputes.
• The role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in global shipping regulations.
• Arbitration and dispute resolution in international maritime contracts.
• Legal implications of autonomous ships on international maritime law.
• The enforcement of maritime security measures against terrorism.
• Ship registration and flag state responsibilities under international law.
• The impact of climate change on maritime boundaries and fishing rights.
• Legal strategies for combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing.
• Maritime lien and ship arrest procedures across different jurisdictions.
• The regulation of crew rights and labor conditions aboard international vessels.
• Comparative analysis of salvage law and the law of finds.
• Legal issues surrounding the abandonment of ships.
• Port state control and its impact on international shipping.
• The rights and legal protection of seafarers under international maritime law.
• The application of maritime law to underwater cultural heritage.
• The challenges of enforcing maritime law in high seas governance.
• Legal frameworks for the management of maritime natural resources.
• Collision regulations and legal liability at sea.
• The impact of technology on maritime law: Satellite and GPS issues.
• The legalities involved in the financing and construction of vessels.
• Legal issues related to maritime transport of hazardous and noxious substances.
• The role of maritime law in the global supply chain and logistics.
• Legal implications of maritime blockades during armed conflict.
• The interface between maritime law and marine biodiversity conservation.
• The legality of maritime security operations by private companies.
• Insurance law as applicable to maritime piracy and armed robbery.
• The regulation of the international cruise industry under maritime law.
• Challenges in maritime jurisdiction: Enforcement and compliance issues.
• Legal aspects of maritime cybersecurity threats and data protection.
• The impact of maritime law on the offshore oil and gas industry.
• Legal issues in maritime search and rescue operations.
• The role of national courts in maritime law enforcement.
• Trends in maritime law: Emerging issues and future directions.
• Maritime law and its adaptation to the shipping of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
• The influence of maritime law on international maritime education and training.
• Legal challenges posed by digital media platforms to traditional copyright laws.
• The impact of social media on privacy rights and legal implications.
• Regulation of fake news and misinformation: Legal frameworks and effectiveness.
• Legal aspects of media censorship in authoritarian regimes.
• The role of media law in protecting journalistic sources and whistleblowers.
• Copyright infringement in the digital age: Streaming services and legal responses.
• Legal standards for advertising and marketing in digital and traditional media.
• The influence of media law on freedom of expression and public discourse.
• The right to be forgotten in the age of the internet: Legal and ethical considerations.
• Defamation law in the digital era: Challenges and new developments.
• Legal responses to cyberbullying and online harassment through media platforms.
• Intellectual property rights in the creation and distribution of digital content.
• Legal issues surrounding user-generated content on online platforms.
• The role of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in regulating broadcast media.
• Legal frameworks for handling sensitive content: Violence, sexuality, and hate speech.
• The regulation of political advertising and its impact on elections.
• The legal implications of artificial intelligence in content creation.
• Data protection laws and their enforcement on media platforms.
• The balance between national security and press freedom.
• Legal strategies for combating deepfake technology and its implications.
• Media ownership laws and their impact on media diversity and pluralism.
• The enforcement of media ethics and law in the age of global digital platforms.
• Legal challenges in cross-border media operations and jurisdictional issues.
• The role of legal frameworks in managing public relations crises.
• The impact of telecommunications law on media dissemination and access.
• Legal considerations for media mergers and acquisitions.
• Regulation of satellite and cable TV in the digital landscape.
• Legal issues related to podcasting and other emerging media formats.
• The protection of minors in media consumption: Legal frameworks and challenges.
• The legal ramifications of media during public health emergencies.
• Accessibility laws related to media content for persons with disabilities.
• The role of the law in combating racial and gender stereotypes in media.
• Media law and consumer protection: Misleading advertisements and consumer rights.
• The impact of GDPR and other privacy regulations on media operations in Europe.
• The legal implications of virtual and augmented reality technologies in media.
• Legal disputes involving music licensing and rights management.
• The challenges of regulating live streaming services under existing media laws.
• Legal issues surrounding the archiving of digital media content.
• The intersection of media law and sports broadcasting rights.
• Future trends in media law: Preparing for new challenges in media and communication technologies.
• Comparative analysis of property rights and land tenure systems across different cultures.
• The impact of eminent domain on property rights and fair compensation.
• Legal challenges in the administration of estates and trusts.
• Intellectual property rights in the digital age: Balancing creators’ rights and public access.
• The role of property law in environmental conservation.
• Legal frameworks governing the leasing and renting of property.
• The evolution of property rights in response to urbanization.
• Property disputes and their resolution: Case studies from land courts.
• The effect of zoning laws on property development and urban planning.
• Legal aspects of real estate transactions and the role of property lawyers.
• Property law and its impact on economic development in emerging markets.
• Legal challenges of property ownership in communal and indigenous lands.
• The influence of property law on agricultural practices and rural development.
• Legal responses to squatting and adverse possession.
• Property rights in marital and family law contexts.
• The implications of blockchain technology on property transactions and record keeping.
• Legal and ethical considerations in the foreclosure process.
• Water rights and property law: Managing conflicts and ensuring sustainability.
• The impact of natural disasters on property law and homeowner rights.
• Property rights and the challenges of gentrification in urban areas.
• Legal considerations in the conversion of property for commercial use.
• The implications of property law for renewable energy projects (e.g., wind farms, solar panels).
• Historical perspectives on property law and their modern-day relevance.
• The regulation of property within gated communities and homeowners associations.
• Legal issues related to the inheritance of digital assets.
• The role of property law in resolving boundary disputes.
• Property law and the regulation of timeshares and vacation ownership.
• The intersection of property law and bankruptcy proceedings.
• Legal frameworks for managing property during divorce or separation.
• Property rights and the management of shared or common resources.
• Legal challenges in property transactions involving foreign investors.
• Property law in the context of historic preservation and cultural heritage.
• Regulatory issues surrounding the development of commercial properties.
• The role of property law in the sharing economy (e.g., Airbnb, Uber).
• Legal issues in property development and construction.
• The impact of tax law on property ownership and transfer.
• Property law and its implications for homelessness and affordable housing.
• Legal approaches to combating land degradation and promoting sustainable use.
• The role of artificial intelligence and technology in property law enforcement.
• Future trends in property law: Predicting changes and legal needs.
• The role of international law in managing global pandemics and health emergencies.
• Legal frameworks governing the use of force and intervention by states.
• The effectiveness of international sanctions as a tool of diplomacy.
• The implications of sovereignty in the digital age for international law.
• The enforcement mechanisms of international human rights law.
• The legal challenges of climate change negotiations and treaty implementation.
• The jurisdiction and effectiveness of the International Criminal Court (ICC).
• The role of international law in governing outer space activities.
• Legal issues related to the protection of refugees and stateless persons.
• The development and enforcement of international environmental law.
• The impact of international law on maritime disputes and ocean governance.
• The legal basis and implications of unilateral declarations of independence.
• Legal strategies to combat international terrorism within the framework of public international law.
• The role of soft law in international relations and its legal significance.
• International legal aspects of economic sanctions and their impact on trade.
• The resolution of territorial disputes through international courts and tribunals.
• The regulation of armed conflict and the laws of war.
• International law and the regulation of cyberspace and cybersecurity.
• The legal challenges and implications of artificial intelligence on international norms.
• The enforcement of international anti-corruption measures.
• The role of international organizations in global governance.
• Legal issues surrounding the management of international waters.
• The impact of cultural heritage protection under international law.
• International legal standards for labor and their enforcement.
• The relationship between international law and indigenous rights.
• The influence of global financial regulations on international law.
• The compatibility of regional trade agreements with the World Trade Organization (WTO) law.
• Legal protections for investors under international investment agreements.
• International law and its role in addressing global inequality.
• The legal challenges of managing international migration.
• The application of international law in diplomatic relations.
• International legal considerations in the disposal of hazardous wastes.
• The role of public international law in combating human trafficking.
• Legal frameworks for international cooperation in disaster relief and emergency response.
• International law and the challenges of sustainable development.
• The regulation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) under international law.
• Legal issues surrounding global telecommunications regulations.
• International law and the use of drones in warfare and surveillance.
• The implications of emerging technologies on arms control agreements.
• The future of public international law in a multipolar world.
• Legal implications of doping in sports: An international perspective.
• The enforceability of sports contracts: Analysis of player agreements.
• Intellectual property rights in sports: Branding, trademarks, and image rights.
• Legal aspects of sports broadcasting rights in the digital age.
• The role of arbitration in resolving sports disputes.
• Gender equality in sports: Legal challenges and advancements.
• Legal issues surrounding the organization of international sporting events.
• Sports governance: The impact of legal structures on global sports bodies.
• The application of labor laws to professional athletes and sports leagues.
• The protection of minors in professional sports.
• Anti-discrimination laws and their enforcement in sports.
• Legal considerations in the commercialization of sports.
• Sports injury and liability: The role of law in protecting athletes.
• Ethical and legal considerations in sports betting and gambling.
• The implications of technological advancements on sports law (e.g., VAR, goal-line technology).
• Contract negotiation and dispute resolution in sports.
• The impact of COVID-19 on sports contracts and legal liabilities.
• Legal issues in e-sports: Regulation and recognition.
• Ownership rights and financial regulations in sports clubs.
• Privacy laws and their application to athletes’ personal data.
• The legal framework for anti-doping regulations across different sports.
• The role of sports agents: Legal responsibilities and ethical considerations.
• Disability sports and legal challenges in inclusivity.
• Sports tourism and the law: Legal issues in hosting international events.
• Legal challenges in sports marketing and sponsorship agreements.
• The regulation of sports medicine and legal liabilities.
• The role of national courts in sports law.
• Safeguarding child athletes: Legal obligations and policies.
• The legality of sanctions in sports: Case studies from football and athletics.
• The intersection of sports law and human rights.
• Sports law in collegiate athletics: Compliance and regulation.
• The regulation of violent conduct in sports.
• Legal issues surrounding the use of performance-enhancing technology.
• Sports, media rights, and freedom of expression.
• Legal challenges in managing sports facilities and event safety.
• The impact of sports law on international relations.
• Sports law and the challenge of match-fixing.
• The role of international sports law in the Olympic Movement.
• The governance of water sports and maritime law intersections.
• Future trends in sports law: Emerging issues and legal needs.
• Comparative analysis of international tax treaties and their impact on global trade.
• The legality of digital taxation and its implications for multinational corporations.
• Legal challenges in implementing a global minimum tax for corporations.
• The role of tax law in economic development and foreign direct investment.
• Tax evasion and avoidance: Legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms.
• The impact of tax incentives on renewable energy investments.
• Estate and inheritance tax laws: A comparative study.
• The effectiveness of VAT systems in developing economies.
• Legal issues surrounding tax havens and offshore financial centers.
• The application of tax laws to cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
• The role of taxation in public health policy (e.g., taxes on sugary drinks, tobacco).
• Taxation of the gig economy: Challenges and policy options.
• Legal frameworks governing charitable giving and tax deductions.
• The implications of property tax laws on urban development.
• Transfer pricing regulations and their impact on international business operations.
• The enforcement of sales taxes in the e-commerce sector.
• Tax compliance burdens for small and medium-sized enterprises.
• The legal aspects of tax reforms and policy changes.
• Taxation and privacy: Legal issues in the collection and sharing of taxpayer information.
• Comparative analysis of capital gains tax regulations.
• The role of artificial intelligence in tax administration and compliance.
• The legal challenges of implementing environmental taxes.
• Tax disputes and litigation: Strategies and outcomes.
• The regulation and taxation of financial derivatives.
• Tax law and its impact on charitable organizations and non-profits.
• The interplay between tax law and bankruptcy law.
• Legal strategies used by states to combat tax avoidance and profit shifting.
• The influence of tax policy on housing markets.
• Legal implications of tax credits for family and dependents.
• Taxation of expatriates and non-resident citizens.
• The constitutionality of tax laws and challenges in the courts.
• Tax law as a tool for social equity and redistribution.
• The impact of tax laws on consumer behavior.
• Taxation in the digital media and entertainment industries.
• The role of tax law in regulating pensions and retirement savings.
• Tax policy and its effect on agricultural practices and land use.
• The challenges of harmonizing state and federal tax laws.
• Tax law and the regulation of the sports industry.
• The taxation of international shipping and maritime activities.
• Future trends in tax law: Anticipating changes in global tax policies.

We hope this extensive collection of law thesis topics sparks your intellectual curiosity and aids in pinpointing a subject that resonates with your academic interests and career aspirations. Each topic presented here has been chosen to challenge your understanding and to encourage a deeper exploration of the legal landscape. As you prepare to embark on your thesis journey, consider these topics not just as mere titles, but as gateways to developing a nuanced understanding of the law in various contexts. Utilize this resource to craft a thesis that not only fulfills your academic requirements but also contributes meaningfully to the discourse in your chosen area of law.

The Range of Law Thesis Topics

Exploring the vast expanse of law thesis topics provides a unique opportunity for law students to delve into specific legal issues, refine their understanding, and contribute to the ongoing development of legal scholarship. As students embark on this crucial phase of their academic journey, selecting the right thesis topic is essential. This article aims to illuminate the range of potential law thesis topics, highlighting current issues, recent trends, and future directions. By examining these topics, students can better understand the legal landscape’s complexities and identify areas where they can make a significant academic impact.

Current Issues in Law

As we navigate through the complexities of contemporary society, numerous current issues in law emerge that are critical for law students to explore in their theses. These topics not only reflect ongoing legal challenges but also set the stage for developing effective solutions that uphold justice and societal norms. Delving into these law thesis topics allows students to engage with live issues that impact various facets of the legal system, from privacy laws and civil rights to corporate governance and environmental regulations.

• Privacy and Data Protection: In today’s digital age, the issue of privacy and data protection has come to the forefront. With the proliferation of digital data, the legal frameworks designed to protect personal information are constantly tested. Law students could explore the adequacy of existing laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States, considering the rapid advancements in technology and the increasing global nature of data processing.
• Civil Rights in the Modern Era: As societies evolve, so too do their understandings and implementations of civil rights. Current legal discussions often focus on issues such as police brutality, LGBTQ+ rights, and the protections afforded to individuals under new healthcare regulations. Thesis topics may examine how legal responses are adapting in light of these challenges, particularly in terms of legislative and judicial actions intended to protect marginalized groups.
• Corporate Compliance and Governance: With the global economy becoming more interconnected, the importance of corporate compliance and governance has been magnified. Law thesis topics could investigate how businesses are expected to operate ethically while maximizing shareholder value, especially in industries that have significant impacts on the environment or human rights. Additionally, the legal liabilities of corporate officers and directors for breaches of fiduciary duties remain a hot topic in legal research.
• Environmental Law and Climate Change: Environmental law continues to be a pressing area of legal concern as the effects of climate change become more evident. Law students can explore topics related to the enforcement of environmental regulations, the role of international treaties in combating global warming, and the legal responsibilities of nations and corporations in ensuring sustainability. The recent shifts towards renewable energy sources and their legal implications offer a rich field for exploration.
• Immigration Law: Immigration law remains at the forefront of political and legal debates in many countries. Thesis topics could address the legality of border enforcement practices, the rights of refugees and asylum seekers, and the impact of new immigration policies on families and communities. Additionally, the intersection of immigration law with human rights provides a compelling area for legal research and discussion.
• Intellectual Property in the Innovation Economy: As innovation drives economic growth, intellectual property (IP) law plays a crucial role in protecting inventions, brands, and creative works. However, the tension between IP protection and the public interest, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry and technology sector, presents a complex scenario for legal analysis. Law students might explore the balance between encouraging innovation through patents and copyrights and ensuring public access to essential medicines and technologies.

Each of these areas presents unique challenges and opportunities for law students to contribute to their fields through rigorous analysis and innovative thinking. Addressing these current issues in law not only enhances their academic portfolio but also prepares them to enter the legal profession with a comprehensive understanding of the issues at the forefront of legal practice today. By focusing on these law thesis topics, students can position themselves at the cutting edge of legal research and development.

Recent Trends in Law

The dynamic nature of legal systems worldwide ensures that the landscape of law is perpetually evolving. Recent trends in law have been shaped by technological advancements, societal shifts, and global events that have prompted significant legal developments and debates. These trends provide fertile ground for law thesis topics, offering students a chance to explore the cutting-edge issues that are shaping modern legal doctrines and practices.

• Technology and Law: One of the most pervasive influences on recent legal trends is technology. From the rise of fintech and blockchain technology affecting financial regulations to the challenges posed by artificial intelligence in privacy and intellectual property law, technology is reshaping legal boundaries. Law students could examine topics such as the regulation of autonomous vehicles, legal responses to cybersecurity threats, or the implications of AI in criminal justice systems, including predictive policing and decision-making algorithms.
• Global Health and Law: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical role of health law on a global scale. Recent legal trends have focused on public health law’s response to pandemics, including emergency powers, vaccination mandates, and quarantine measures. Thesis topics might analyze the balance between individual rights and public health safety, the legal implications of global vaccine distribution, or the role of the World Health Organization in shaping international health regulations.
• International Trade and Law: Recent shifts in international trade agreements and policies, such as Brexit and changes in the United States’ trade policies, have significant legal implications. Law students have the opportunity to delve into issues surrounding trade negotiations, tariffs, and the role of international bodies like the World Trade Organization in mediating global trade disputes. Additionally, the rise of protectionist policies and their legal ramifications offers a rich area for scholarly investigation.
• Social Justice and Law: Recent years have seen a marked increase in legal initiatives focused on social justice, including movements towards criminal justice reform, police accountability, and the decriminalization of certain activities. Law thesis topics could explore the legal frameworks surrounding prison reform, the abolition of cash bail systems, or the legalization of cannabis and its social, economic, and legal impacts.
• Environmental and Energy Law: With the urgent need for environmental sustainability, recent legal trends have increasingly focused on environmental and energy law. Topics for exploration include the transition to renewable energy sources, legal strategies for reducing carbon footprints, and the enforcement of international environmental agreements like the Paris Accord. Law students could also investigate the legal aspects of green technology patents and their role in promoting eco-friendly innovations.
• Corporate Responsibility and Ethics: There is a growing trend towards ensuring that corporations operate more transparently and ethically, particularly in relation to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. This shift has led to new regulations and legal standards, offering thesis topics on corporate governance reforms, the legal liabilities of ignoring climate change impacts, and the integration of corporate social responsibility into business operations.

These recent trends in law reflect a world where legal systems are rapidly adapting to external changes and internal pressures. For law students, engaging with these law thesis topics not only provides an opportunity to contribute to scholarly discourse but also to influence future legal practices and policies. As these trends continue to evolve, they will undoubtedly shape the legal landscape for years to come, providing ongoing opportunities for impactful legal research.

Future Directions in Law

The legal landscape is continually evolving, driven by shifts in technology, societal norms, and global dynamics. Identifying and understanding future directions in law is crucial for law students as they consider thesis topics that not only address current legal challenges but also anticipate upcoming legal trends. This exploration provides insights into potential legal reforms, the emergence of new legal fields, and the adaptation of law to future societal needs.

• The Expansion of Cyber Law: As digital technology becomes even more integrated into daily life, the future of law will increasingly hinge on addressing cyber-related issues. Future law thesis topics might explore regulations for the Internet of Things (IoT), legal responses to virtual realities, and the implications of quantum computing on data security and encryption. Additionally, the legalities of digital personhood and AI’s rights and responsibilities will challenge traditional legal frameworks and require innovative legal thinking.
• Climate Change Legislation: Climate change continues to be an urgent global issue, necessitating robust legal frameworks that promote environmental sustainability and mitigate harm. Future legal scholars might focus on international climate agreements, the development of national laws that enforce global climate goals, and the legal responsibilities of countries and corporations in reducing their carbon footprint. The role of law in promoting green technologies and sustainable urban planning will also be critical areas for research.
• Global Legal Cooperation: In an interconnected world, the future of law lies in global cooperation, particularly in areas like human rights, international trade, and public health. Law students could examine the potential for new international treaties, the evolution of supranational legal institutions, and the ways legal systems can work together to address issues such as migration, pandemics, and international crime.
• Legal Implications of Biotechnology: As biotechnological advancements continue, so too will their legal implications. Future thesis topics may include the regulation of genetic editing techniques, bioethics, bioprinting of human organs, and the patenting of biotechnological inventions. The balance between innovation and ethical considerations will be a significant focus, as will the protection of genetic data.
• Reforming Justice Systems: There is an ongoing need for justice system reform, particularly concerning equity, efficiency, and accessibility. Future directions in law could involve examining alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, the decriminalization of certain offenses, and reforms in sentencing practices. Additionally, the adoption of technology in the justice system, such as virtual courtrooms and AI in legal decision-making, presents both opportunities and challenges.
• The Future of Labor Law: The nature of work and the workplace is changing rapidly, prompted by technology and evolving business models. Future law thesis topics might include the legal status and rights of gig economy workers, the use of AI in workplace management, and the implications of remote work for labor law. Legal scholars will need to consider how labor laws can adapt to continue protecting workers’ rights in this new landscape.
• Protecting Rights in a Digital World: As personal and societal activities increasingly move online, protecting individual rights becomes more complex and essential. Future legal research could focus on digital identity, the right to digital privacy, and freedom of expression online. Legal frameworks will need to evolve to protect these rights adequately while balancing them against national security concerns and societal norms.

These future directions in law offer a glimpse into the potential challenges and areas of growth for the legal profession. For law students, engaging with these topics not only helps push the boundaries of current legal thought but also prepares them to play an active role in shaping the future of the legal landscape.

The exploration of law thesis topics is more than an academic requirement; it’s a chance to engage deeply with the legal issues that shape our society and influence our daily lives. As we have seen, the scope of potential topics spans from traditional legal analyses to emerging legal challenges brought about by technological and social changes. Whether addressing longstanding issues or anticipating future legal shifts, students equipped with the right thesis topic can contribute meaningfully to the discourse within their chosen field. Encouragingly, the breadth of law thesis topics offers endless possibilities for investigation and innovation, promising a rich tapestry of legal knowledge that will evolve with the changing world.

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• School of Law
• Postgraduate

Writing a PhD research proposal

The following guidance has been compiled to help you submit a high quality application that is targeted to the research strengths of The School of Law.

Choosing a research topic

PhDs are supposed to contain an element of originality and innovation. Originality need not mean that you explore a wholly new concept. For instance, it might also include applying new methods or new theories to existing scholarship on the topic. They also need to be backed up by logically reasoned evidence and argument – whether that is provided by theoretical or empirical sources.

The types of thesis that could be constructed:

An analysis of a specific area of law or criminology on which there is no significant existing literature. The lack of existing literature may be explained by the relative newness of the body of law and/or creation of institutions; or the previous lack of attention given to the practical impact of the chosen area of study. A thesis in this area might attempt to describe, explain and rationalise the development of this particular area of law and/ or critically analyse the content of the legal system being researched.

An analysis applying, analysing, or evaluating existing studies in a new context. For instance, one might extend a study of one jurisdiction to another, providing comparative evidence that tests the applicability of existing research and enables the existing theory to be challenged, reconsidered, or expanded upon.

An empirical study of  an area of law or criminology where there is existing doctrinal, conceptual, or theoretical literature, but limited empirical evidence to test those doctrines, concepts, or theories. Such an empirical study would still require a degree of originality but would be academically interesting if it offers a view of the area of study not previously attempted and/or allowed for an appraisal of the effectiveness of the law as it currently stands and is organised.

An in-depth critical study of a specific aspect of law or criminology. Such an examination may consist solely or mainly of library based or theoretical work, or include an element of socio-legal research. As well as recognising existing literature, such an approach needs to make clear how this project would build on and add to that work. The answer may be that the area of law or criminology has evolved or the work itself takes a very different approach to analysing the problem.

Before drafting a research proposal it is a good idea to consult with any academic contacts you already have for their feedback.

The Research Proposal

Applications must include an outline research proposal. If a proposal is submitted without a proposal it will be automatically rejected.

The application asks you to give a description of your research project, including the research questions to be addressed, the methodology to be used, the sources to be consulted and a brief timetable. Your proposal should be included in the application as a separate attachment, and distinguished from your supporting statement (if you include one).

There is no set format or page length for proposals, although to keep the proposal concise and clear while still providing enough information, we recommend limiting yourself to 1,500-2,500 words. Within your application it is useful to identify and bear in mind some or all of the following points:

It is important that you demonstrate clearly the area that you intend to research and provide some indication that you are already knowledgeable in the area that you intend to research. This can be achieved through suitable references and/or by supplying a bibliography to support your application.

Research is about more than collating knowledge already in the public domain. Within your application you should indicate how you intend to add to the knowledge that you will be uncovering. Examples of potential aims include: adding to existing theory; disproving previous understandings; a critique of the current legal position; a defended positive/negative prognosis of the impact of a new legal provision; new empirically obtained findings. You may find it helpful to express your research aims as questions to be answered, or as aims to fulfil by doing the research. Try to limit the number of aims of your study as much as possible.

A research application is more likely to be accepted if you can demonstrate that it has relevance and academic merit. Ultimately PhDs are awarded where a piece of work can demonstrate some originality and innovation. This should be explained within your application.

It is rare for an entirely original piece of research to be written. Therefore, the links with existing research should be made clear, as should the possibilities your work might open up for future research. You should provide some background to the research, exploring the wider literature and making as clear as possible what makes your proposed research original in the context of that literature.

In other words, how do you intend to undertake the research? Methods may include reviewing library-based resources or empirical research. If the latter, then what form – e.g. quantitative or qualitative analysis, and what evidence can you provide that you have the skills to undertake such research. These methods should be carefully considered in relation to the research aims and questions you are seeking to address in the proposed research.

You must consider the partnerships, knowledge exchange and impacts associated with your proposed research. If you already have collaborative arrangements in place with relevant external stakeholders then you should describe these and potentially also provide letters of support, in principle, if you have them. You should consider the likely impacts of your proposed research and how these will be achieved, as well as your plans for disseminating your research findings beyond academia.

If you are applying for WRDTP or WRoCAH scholarships, it is essential that you consider how your proposed research fits in with the research pathways or clusters of these two funders. The quality of your scholarship application will be judged partly by the fit of your research within these pathways or clusters.

Your application should not be too unrealistic as to what can be delivered. It is also wise to predict the likely challenges that you will face in undertaking the research and suggest ways in which those challenges can be overcome.

What to avoid

Research proposals should not be viewed as binding contracts. Most first-year PhD students adapt their research proposal once they start studying the topic in more depth and working with their supervisor. Nevertheless, a PhD proposal should amount to a coherent, intelligent, realistic and relatively well thought-out idea of an area of potential research.

The following errors should be avoided if possible:

Simplistic descriptions of an area of study should be avoided – eg ‘I want to research EU law’. The specific focus of the research must be clear.

Offer to review or analyse an area of law on which there is already a significant existing literature. PhDs should be attempting something more than bringing together knowledge that already exists.

Develop a research proposal primarily because the topic is or has been fashionable. Topics such as the legality of the war in Iraq, the operation of the International Criminal Court or the Human Rights Act 1998 remain extremely important areas of academic study, but as a PhD student it is going to be very difficult to say anything interesting, new or original about these topics.

Avoid trying to resolve grand problems in one thesis. The best research proposals tend to focus on discrete and well-confined subject areas.

Relying upon a comparison to provide the intellectual component of the proposal, whether that is a comparison between different institutions, different bodies of law or different countries. Comparative research proposals are worthy if properly thought out. If the comparison is between different legal systems for instance, in the submission it needs to be made clear why that comparison could be a useful one and what can be learnt from the comparison. For instance, you may be undertaking research in the UK and from Botswana, but that does not mean that there are any valid reasons why comparing the UK to Botswana is actually worthwhile in your subject area.

Relatedly, you should consider the research expertise of supervisors at the University of Sheffield, and the value that studying at Sheffield adds to your research. Generally a PhD submitted in a UK university should contribute to knowledge about the UK, or about global/international issues. If you want to research another country of jurisdiction, you need to provide a credible reason for why Sheffield is a good place to undertake that study, as opposed to an institution in that country.

Make sure that your methodology is as clear and specific as you can make it at this early stage. Proposals that say, “I will use qualitative methods” are unlikely to succeed because they suggest an ignorance of the diversity of qualitative methods. Ideally, you should be able to say something about: 

the methods you will use (e.g. surveys, documentary analysis, interviews, observation, ethnography, audio-visual methods...); 

the target populations of your research (eg, a study of criminal courts might seek to recruit judges, lawyers, ushers, defendants, police officers, or other actors. Which groups do you want to participate in your research, and why? The answer to this question should bear some relation to your research aims); and, 

If possible, the approximate number of participants you want to recruit for each method (for instance, you might want to conduct 10-15 interviews with each of two groups of participants, or to survey 500 people) and how they will be accessed/recruited. Try to be realistic about how long empirical research takes, and how many research participants it is possible to study.

How these chosen methods are likely to illuminate the research questions of the proposed research

Ethical considerations of the research in relation to things like informed consent, anonymity, the safeguarding of researchers and participants

It may not be possible to say much at this stage, but the more details you can provide, the clearer it will be that you have thought seriously about your research project, and the easier it will be for the School of Law to evaluate its feasibility.

Positive steps to take

When we make an offer we will do so on the basis of various considerations. Making an effort to foreshadow those considerations in your application is a good idea. It is advisable to submit a supporting statement alongside the research proposal. Issues to consider include:

Why did you choose to apply to the University of Sheffield?

Can you provide any evidence to suggest that you are capable of completing an extensive piece of research and have the character to undertake three years of study, on a relatively low income and with only supervisory support?

Does the research proposal fit into one of the areas in which the Law School has a speciality ? Often a proposal only needs minor adaptation to fall within an area the School can supervise, but to improve your chances of success it is worthwhile reviewing the academic profile of the various staff in the Law School before you submit an application.

If you are able, it would be helpful to have a look at some past PhD theses in your own area of interest which have been successfully submitted at a UK university. Most UK universities have copies in the library of all past successful PhDs, either as physical copies or in an online repository. 

The online application form requires you to provide some standard information about yourself and your past academic performance. Please ensure that this information is correct and that you provide evidence to support your qualifications.

The references that your referees provide are important sources of information for us. Wherever possible, it is helpful to provide (where possible) a reference from at least one academic who is aware of your research potential and has read some of your work.

Search for PhD opportunities at Sheffield and be part of our world-leading research.

Oxford theses

The Bodleian Libraries’ thesis collection holds every DPhil thesis deposited at the University of Oxford since the degree began in its present form in 1917. Our oldest theses date from the early 1920s. We also have substantial holdings of MLitt theses, for which deposit became compulsory in 1953, and MPhil theses.

Since 2007 it has been a mandatory requirement for students to deposit an electronic copy of their DPhil thesis in the Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) , in addition to the deposit of a paper copy – the copy of record. Since the COVID pandemic, the requirement of a paper copy has been removed and the ORA copy has become the copy of record. Hardcopy theses are now only deposited under exceptional circumstances. 

ORA provides full-text PDF copies of most recent DPhil theses, and some earlier BLitt/MLitt theses. Find out more about Oxford Digital Theses, and depositing with ORA .

Finding Oxford theses

The following theses are catalogued on SOLO (the University libraries’ resource discovery tool) :

• DPhil and BLitt and MLitt theses
• BPhil and MPhil theses 
• Science theses

SOLO collates search results from several sources.

How to search for Oxford theses on SOLO

To search for theses in the Oxford collections on SOLO :

• navigate to the SOLO homepage
• click on the 'Advanced Search' button
• click the 'Material Type' menu and choose the 'Dissertations' option
• type in the title or author of the thesis you are looking for and click the 'Search' button.

Also try an “Any field” search for “Thesis Oxford” along with the author’s name under “creator” and any further “Any field” keywords such as department or subject. 

Searching by shelfmarks

If you are searching using the shelfmark, please make sure you include the dots in your search (e.g. D.Phil.). Records will not be returned if they are left out.

Oxford University Research Archive (ORA)

ORA was established in 2007 as a permanent and secure online archive of research produced by members of the University of Oxford. It is now mandatory for students completing a research degree at the University to deposit an electronic copy of their thesis in this archive. 

Authors can select immediate release on ORA, or apply a 1-year or 3-year embargo period. The embargo period would enable them to publish all or part of their research elsewhere if they wish. 

Theses held in ORA are searchable via  SOLO , as well as external services such as EThOS and Google Scholar. For more information, visit the Oxford digital theses guide , and see below for guidance on searching in ORA.

Search for Oxford theses on ORA

Type your keywords (title, name) into the main search box, and use quotes (“) to search for an exact phrase.

Refine your search results using the drop-downs on the left-hand side. These include:

• item type (thesis, journal article, book section, etc.)
• thesis type (DPhil, MSc, MLitt, etc.)
• subject area (History, Economics, Biochemistry, etc.)
• item date (as a range)
• file availability (whether a full text is available to download or not)

You can also increase the number of search results shown per page, and sort by relevance, date and file availability. You can select and export records to csv or email. 

Select hyperlinked text within the record details, such as “More by this author”, to run a secondary search on an author’s name. You can also select a hyperlinked keyword or subject. 

Other catalogues

Card catalogue  .

The Rare Books department of the Weston Library keeps an author card index of Oxford theses. This includes all non-scientific theses deposited between 1922 and 2016. Please ask Weston Library staff for assistance.

ProQuest Dissertations & Theses

You can use ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global  to find bibliographic details of Oxford theses not listed on SOLO. Ask staff in the Weston Library’s Charles Wendall David Reading Room for help finding these theses. 

Search for Oxford theses on ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

Basic search.

The default Basic search page allows for general keyword searches across all indexes using "and", "and not", "and or" to link the keywords as appropriate. Click on the More Search Options tab for specific title, author, subject and institution (school) searches, and to browse indexes of authors, institutions and subjects. These indexes allow you to add the word or phrase recognised by the database to your search (ie University of Oxford (United Kingdom), not Oxford University).

Advanced search

The Advanced search tab (at the top of the page) enables keyword searching in specific indexes, including author, title, institution, department, adviser and language. If you are unsure of the exact details of thesis, you can use the search boxes on this page to find it by combining the key information you do have.

Search tools

In both the Basic and Advanced search pages you can also limit the search by date by using the boxes at the bottom. Use the Search Tools advice in both the Basic and Advanced pages to undertake more complex and specific searches. Within the list of results, once you have found the record that you are interested in, you can click on the link to obtain a full citation and abstract. You can use the back button on your browser to return to your list of citations.

The Browse search tab allows you to search by subject or by location (ie institution). These are given in an alphabetical list. You can click on a top-level subject to show subdivisions of the subject. You can click on a country location to show lists of institutions in that country. At each level, you can click on View Documents to show lists of individual theses for that subject division or from that location.

In Browse search, locations and subject divisions are automatically added to a basic search at the bottom of the page. You can search within a subject or location by title, author, institution, subject, date etc, by clicking on Refine Search at the top of the page or More Search Options at the bottom of the page.

Where are physical Oxford theses held?

The Bodleian Libraries hold all doctoral theses and most postgraduate (non-doctoral) theses for which a deposit requirement is stipulated by the University:

• DPhil (doctoral) theses (1922 – 2021)
• Bachelor of Divinity (BD) theses
• BLitt/MLitt theses (Michaelmas Term 1953 – 2021)
• BPhil and MPhil theses (Michaelmas Term 1977 – 2021)

Most Oxford theses are held in Bodleian Offsite Storage. Some theses are available in the libraries; these are listed below.

Law Library

Theses submitted to the Faculty of Law are held at the Bodleian Law Library .

Vere Harmsworth Library

Theses on the United States are held at the Vere Harmsworth Library .

Social Science Library

The Social Science Library holds dissertations and theses selected by the departments it supports. 

The list of departments and further information are available in the Dissertations and Theses section of the SSL webpages. 

Locations for Anthropology and Archaeology theses

The Balfour Library holds theses for the MPhil in Material and Visual Anthropology and some older theses in Prehistoric Archaeology.

The Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library holds theses for MPhil in Classical Archaeology and MPhil in European Archaeology.

Ordering Oxford theses

Theses held in Bodleian Offsite Storage are consulted in the Weston Library. The preferred location is the Charles Wendell David Reading Room ; they can also be ordered to the Sir Charles Mackerras Reading Room .

Find out more about requesting a digitised copy, copyright restrictions and copying from Oxford theses .

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Yale Law School Dissertations

Filter by category.

Publication Date Authors Titles Subjects

Search within this collection:

Recent Submissions

SPACE-TIME REVOLUTION: THE PROVINCIAL CONSTITUTIONALISM MOVEMENT AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LOCAL SYSTEMS IN MODERN CHINA

LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL REORGANIZATIONIN PUERTO RICO.

The Three Faces of Bankruptcy Law

The Constitutional Protection of Property Rights in Argentina: A Reappraisal of the Doctrine of Economic Emergency

A Theory of Domestic Violence in International Law

The Constitution of Japan: An Unfinished Revolution

AT THE TURN OF THE TIDE: A FRAMEWORK FOR A POLICY-ORIENTED INQUIRY INTO STRATEGIES FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CONSTITUTIVE PROCESS OF AUTHORITATIVE DECISION IN MEXICO

NEGLIGENCE AS OPTIMIZATION PUZZLES: A NEW THEORY OF NEGLIGENCE

The Structure of Norms and Legal Uncertainty: A Framework for the Functional Analysis of Law as Transformed in Multi-Member Decision Mechanisms

Export search results.

The export option will allow you to export the current search results of the entered query to a file. Different formats are available for download. To export the items, click on the button corresponding with the preferred download format.

By default, clicking on the export buttons will result in a download of the allowed maximum amount of items.

To select a subset of the search results, click "Selective Export" button and make a selection of the items you want to export. The amount of items that can be exported at once is similarly restricted as the full export.

After making a selection, click one of the export format buttons. The amount of items that will be exported is indicated in the bubble next to export format.

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Allard School of Law Theses and Dissertations Abstracts & Full Text

To search for Peter A. Allard School of Law theses, please click on this Open Collections Search . Sample search strategy: change Search type from “Full Text” to “Abstract/Summary” and enter search terms in “Search for” box. Use quotation marks for phrases e.g. “aboriginal law”.

Print copies of most of these Allard School of Law theses are available in the Law Library level 3 at LE3.B7, arranged by year. For additional information about theses, see Theses Resources and Theses & Dissertations

• Browse by Year
• Browse by Author

Select a year 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 Go

Esposito, Karin (Ph.D.) Democracy discourse in peacebuilding : the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission on Sierra Leone [ The full abstract for this item is available in the body of the item, and will be available when the embargo expires. ]

Fitzpatrick , Jacqueline Hope (LL.M.) Deciding on ESG : the business judgment rule in Canada, Germany, and Delaware and its impact on corporate adoption of ESG ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Gilboa , Mattan (LL.M.) Towards “net-zero” warfare? : mitigation of military greenhouse gas emissions in peacetime and during armed conflict ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Hassan , Maira (Ph.D.) Gendered racialization and the Muslim identity : the difference that ‘difference’ makes for Muslim women complainants in Canadian sexual assault cases ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tooze, Helen Alexandra Joan (Ph.D.) Deconstructing securitisation : a new structural approach to evaluating securitisation regulation in the European Union ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yewchuk, Drew (LL.M.) A study in executive branch noncompliance with law : government secrecy, endangered species protection, and the whitebark pine ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Abaya-Habibullah , Ritchelle Aubrey (LL.M.) Trapped by a record : how information sharing between schools and police agencies perpetuate the school to prison pipeline ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Ellison , Hannah (LL.M.) Empowering autonomy : a novel approach to the right to accessible abortion : exploring realities from the perspective of abortion seekers in Canada and England and Wales ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Gilmour , Thomas (LL.M.) “Revitalizing” environmental assessment : interpreting the Environmental Assessment Act in light of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Kim , Hyojung (LL.M.) A balance between flexibility and certainty in fair use : analysis of the compatibility of US fair use and Canadian fair dealing with Korean copyright law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Muftau , Ismail (LL.M.) Overview of the African continental free trade area (AfCFTA) and challenges of implementation : Nigeria and South Africa’s implementation as case studies ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Nosek , Grace (Ph.D.) Climate discourse polluted : a cumulative effects analysis of the fossil fuel industry’s tactics to influence public discourse ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Peterson , Ryan (LL.M.) Applying context theory : the narrative of homelessness and law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Vohra , Apurva (LL.M.) Social order in the age of artificial intelligence : the use of technology in migration governance and decision-making ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yule , Alison Mary (LL.M.) Examining the judicial imposition of indeterminate sentences for dangerous offenders in Canada ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Aikenhead , Moira (Ph.D.) Canada’s criminal justice response to technology-facilitated intimate partner violence ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Bateman , C.G. (Ph.D.) Bishops on the bench : why Constantine legislated Christian bishops into the role of judges ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Eze , Chinenye Helen (LL.M.) Beyond finders keepers : bioprospecting, patents and human genetic materials ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Huberman , Magal (LL.M.) Between court and context : relocation cases in British Columbia ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Kucukali , Berna Tugce (LL.M.) The protection of AI-generated works under European copyright law : toward adoption of a neighbouring rights approach ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Leslie , Jason Stuart (Ph.D.) The financialization of housing in Canada and federally-backed mortgage securitization : public risks, private benefits ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Omotor , Stanley Oghenevwairhe (LL.M.) Sustaining the corporate income tax rates of small businesses in developing economies : lessons for Nigeria from Canada, South Africa, and the UK ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Ponomarenko , Iryna (Ph.D.) Towards a theory of deference in Canadian proportionality jurisprudence ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Rabbi , Nahid (LL.M.) Development-induced forcible displacement as a crime against humanity of forcible transfer of population under the Rome Statute ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Williams-Davidson , Terri-Lynn (LL.M.) Ts’uu JaasG̲alang hlG̲aajuu : cedar sisters framework ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Ajaja , Oluwaseun Oluwasegun (LL.M.) Deliberative democracy and problems of democratic governance in Nigeria ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Bolger , Ellen (LL.M.) Habeas corpus after Khela : dynamics attenuating prisoners’ rights ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Cornejo , Sofia (LL.M.) No parents left behind : a feminist and intersectional perspective on Canadian and Argentine parental leave laws ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Dzah , Godwin Eli Kwadzo (Ph.D.) Sustainable development : Africa’s hidden and not-so-hidden contribution to its law, politics, and history [The full abstract for this item is available in the body of the item, and will be available when the embargo expires.]

Edwards , Maxwell (LL.M.) Regulatory capture in Canadian environmental decision-making ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Botting , Gary (LL.M. 1999) Competing Imperatives : Individual Rights and International Obligations in Extradition from Canada to the U.S.A. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Botting , Gary (Ph.D. 2004) Executive and Judicial Discretion in Extradition between Canada and the United States ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Charvat , Lori (LL.M. 2002) Promises and Challenges of Internal Dispute Resolution in the Corporate Workplace ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Cumming , Kaitlyn (LL.M. 2020) Current trends in Canadian civil justice system reform : manufactured simplicity or equitable access to justice? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Daly , Gillian (LL.M. 1999) Social Rights : The Implications of Selective Constitutionalisation ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Deedman , G.C. (LL.M. 1987) Building Rule-Based Expert Systems in Case-Based Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Ellison , Hannah (LL.M. 2023) Empowering autonomy : a novel approach to the right to accessible abortion : exploring realities from the perspective of abortion seekers in Canada and England and Wales ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Eluromma , Charles Onyehinim (LL.M. 2014) Majority rule and minority protection in private corporations : a comparative appraisal of the problems and remedies under the Canadian and Nigerian jurisdictions ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Esposito, Karin (Ph.D. 2024) Democracy discourse in peacebuilding : the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission on Sierra Leone [ The full abstract for this item is available in the body of the item, and will be available when the embargo expires. ]

Exner , Heidi Maria (LL.M. 1979) Trade Practices Legislation : The British Columbia Experience ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Eze , Chinenye Helen (LL.M. 2022) Beyond finders keepers : bioprospecting, patents and human genetic materials ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Eze , Nicholas Chinedu (LL.M. 2011)

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Ferguson , John A. (Ph.D. 2012) International human trafficking in Canada : why so few prosecutions? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Findlay , Caroline K.H. (LL.M. 1993) Pollution Control, Administrative Discretion, and Science : A Journey Through the Maze of Environmental Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Fixter , Brian L. (LL.M. 2012) An ounce of prevention : the legal and business case for the implementation of workplace wellness programs ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Foster , William F. (LL.M. 1968) Fact Finding and the World Court ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Freckelton,  Alan (LL.M. 2013) The concept of deference in substantive review of administrative decisions in four common law countries ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Gao  Yan (LL.M. 2003) Information Disclosure and Protection of Investors in China’s Securities Market ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Gilboa , Mattan (LL.M. 2024) Towards “net-zero” warfare? : mitigation of military greenhouse gas emissions in peacetime and during armed conflict ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Glynos , Leonidas Jason (LL.M. 1994) Psychoanalytic Theory in the Context of a Transformative Politics ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Guan , Wenwei (Ph.D. 2009) Selective Adaptation and Legitimacy : Public-Private Dynamics in China’s TRIPS Compliance ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Haggerty , Bernard P.(Ph.D. 2008) Hate Crime Law & Social Contention : A Comparison of Nongovernmental Knowledge Practices in Canada & the United States ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Hand , Mary (LL.M. 1983) Divisible Assets in Common Law Canada ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Harris , Douglas (LL.M. 1998) The Legal Capture of British Columbia’s Fisheries : A Study of Law and Colonialism ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Heidt , Anne-Katrin (LL.M. 2001) Between Concepts and Context : Protection of “Personal Freedom”. A Comparative Case Study of German and Canadian Criminal Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Hodge , Fraser Douglas (LL.M. 2008) Legal, Economic, and Industrial Relations Considerations in Workforce Integrations Following Corporate Mergers ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Horne , Andrew J. (LL.M. 1999) Reviewable Transactions in Insolvency : The Recognition of Creditors’ Interests in “Subjective” and “Objective” Insolvency Regimes ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Horner , Jessie Joyce (LL.M. 1993) Sexual Assault : Public Debate and Criminal Law Reform ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Hunter , Rebecca Winesanker (LL.M. 1999) Canada’s International Posture on Human Rights : Consequences in the Domestic Domain ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Jackson , Andrew Lee (LL.M. 2000) Federalizing the Conflict of Laws : Some Lessons for Australia from the Canadian Experience ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Jackson , Michael Ian (LL.M. 1988) Subrogation, Suretyship, and the Law of Restitution ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Jago , Jacqueline (LL.M. 1998) Genocide, Culture, Law : Aboriginal Child Removals in Australia and Canada ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Jamal , Soraya M. (LL.M. 2005) Closing the Gap Between Tax Law and Family Law on Marital Breakup ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Jamieson , Eugene Christopher (LL.M. 1992) The Legality of the New Industrial Relations ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Jardine , David Neil (LL.M. 1996) Articulating the Realm of the Possible : Two Farm Marketing Boards and the Legal Administrative Field ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Jordan , Donald James (LL.M. 1978) Unit Determination under the Labour Code ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Joseph , Philip Austin (LL.M. 1983) The Policies Underlying Interest Dispute Settlement in British Columbia and New Zealand ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Jutlah , Russell Sean (LL.M. 1999) Great Lakes Environmental Policy : The Ecosystem Approach and an Economic Perspective ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Kaiser-Derrick , Elspeth (LL.M. 2012)

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Kelly , Fiona Jane (Ph.D. 2007) Transforming Law’s Family : The Legal Recognition of Planned Lesbian Families ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Kelly , Katrina Robertson (LL.M. 1994) Public and Private Information : The Access Dichotomy ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Kent , Gerald N. (LL.M. 2006) Ideas for Civil Justice Reform from the Classical Nepalese Legal System ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Kerluke , Michelle (LL.M. 2016) Canadian trademarks and keyword advertising : the unsettled debate over trademark keywords ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Kim , Hyojung (LL.M. 2023) A balance between flexibility and certainty in fair use : analysis of the compatibility of US fair use and Canadian fair dealing with Korean copyright law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Kimber , Cliona Janet Marie (LL.M. 1991) Self-Determination for Women ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Kindt , Anne (LL.M. 2005) International Criminal Justice : An Unattainable Goal or Current Reality? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Kirby , Alison L. (LL.M. 1996) Reflections on the Canadian Payments Systems : From Manual Clearing to Electronic Funds Transfers ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

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Kleefstra , Zelius (LL.M. 2012)

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Sheddi , Abdullah Al (LL.M. 1991) The Legal Regime of International Straits : A Case Study of the Legal and Political Implications for the Strait of Hormuz ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Sidebothom , Naomi Elizabeth (LL.M. 1994) Jurisidictional Review : An Error of Jurisdiction or Jurisprudence? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Sidsworth , Robin (LL.M. 2010) Aboriginal Participation in the Vancouver/Whistler 2010 Olympic Games : Consultation, Reconciliation and the New Relationship ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Sievers , Monika (LL.M. 1991) Liberalization of foreign direct investment : Europe 1992 and the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Sigrist , Pierre (LL.M. 1990) Standby Letters of Credit and Fraud ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Simcock , David Keith (LL.M. 1977) Shareholder’s Personal Actions – A Comparative Study ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Simm , Gabrielle Anne (LL.M. 2005) Exotic Others : Gender and Refugee Law in Canada, Australia and the United States ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Simpson , Gerry J. (LL.M. 1989) The Right of Secession in International Law : A New Theory of Legitimacy ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Smallwood , Kate Penelope (LL.M. 1993) Coming out of Hibernation : The Canadian Public Trust Doctrine ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Smeltzer , Gerald Gilbert (LL.M. 1985) Legal Rights to Information and Skilled Employees in the Computer Industry ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Smith , Donald Myles (LL.M. 1988) Title to Indian Reserves in British Columbia : A Critical Analysis of Order in Council 1036 ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Sokhansanj , Banafsheh (LL.M. 2005) Chinese Migrant Children and Canadian Migration Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Starkl-Moser , Miriam (LL.M. 2002) Internet and Human Rights ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Steenkamp , Tania (LL.M. 2014) South Africa’s new bilateral investments treaty policy : a reasonable response to a flawed regime? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Stevenson , Mark L. (LL.M. 2004) The Métis Aboriginal Rights Revolution ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Stewart , Fenner L. (LL.M. 2004) An Effective Reparations Regime for the International Criminal Court ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Stewart , Vivienne Hume (LL.M. 1998) Foreign Investment in China’s Infrastructure : Finding the Balance Between Efficiency and Development or How to Attract Foreign Investment to Infrastructure Projects Without Selling the Country’s Soul to the Foreign Devils ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Stoeckel , Katherine Jane (LL.M. 2004) Economics and the Equitable Utilization of Transboundary Freshwater ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Strebel , Felix D. (LL.M. 1997) The Enforcement of Foreign Judgments and Foreign Public Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Strickland , Steven Andrew (LL.M. 1979) Increasing the Emphasis on the Child in the Resolution of Custody Disputes ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Stynes , Sean Cleary Stynes (LL.M. 2007) Legal Ethics and Illegal Migrants : The Bounds of Ethical Conduct for Lawyers Helping ‘Illegals’ Become ‘Legal’ ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Sundara Rajan , Mira T. (LL.M. 1999) Developing Countries and the International Copyright Regime : The Neglected Issue of Cultural Survival ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Sutherland , Elaine Elizabeth (LL.M. 1984) The Development of the Implied Terms on Quality and Fitness in Sale of Goods in Britain and Canada ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Svanberg , Annika (LL.M. 2013) “A unique approach to the liability of P2P intermediaries” : a comparative study of copyright liability of providers of peer-to-peer file sharing services in Canada and Sweden ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Sweeney , Desmond (LL.M. 1997) The Recognition and Scope of Indigenous Fishing, Hunting and Gathering Rights at Common Law in Australia ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Switzer , James G. (LL.M. 1972) The Legal Standing of Canadian Environmental Control Organizations ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Taylor , Michael Brendan (LL.M. 2006) Tax Policy and Tax Avoidance : The General Anti-Avoidance Rule from a Tax Policy Perspective ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Telesetsky , Anastasia M. (LL.M. 2009) Insuring Against Future Climate Change : The Use of Mandatory Catastrophe Risk Insurance and Microinsurance to Promote Mitigation and Adaptation ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tepre , Paul (LL.M. 2017) Liability deficit problem of multinational corporate groups : a proposal for legislative and judicial reform ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Terrett , Andrew J. (LL.M. 1994) Neural Networks for Legal Quantum Prediction ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Theodorakis , Tom (LL.M. 1996) The New Canada-U.S. Tax Treaty and the Limitation on Benefits Provision : a Justifiable Compromise? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tong , Dawna (LL.M. 1995) Gatekeeping in Canadian Law Schools : A History of Exclusion, the Rule of “Merit”, and a Challenge to Contemporary Practices ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tooze, Helen Alexandra Joan (Ph.D. 2024) Deconstructing securitisation : a new structural approach to evaluating securitisation regulation in the European Union ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Toriumi , Tetsuro (LL.M. 1983) Directors’ Duty of Care, Diligence and Skill : A Comparative Study of Japanese and Canadian Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tousaw , Kirk I. (LL.M. 2004) Criminalizing Pleasure : Cannabis Prohibition in Canada ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tremblay , Guy (LL.M. 1972) Canadian Citizenship Laws : Two Facets ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tremblay , Janie (LL.M. 1996) The General Anti-Avoidance Rule : Has it Changed the Face of Tax Avoidance? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tremblay , Luc (LL.M. 1983) From Substantive Due Process to Substantive Principles of Fundamental Justice ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Trerise , Vicki Margaret (LL.M. 2011) Aboriginal children and the dishonour of the Crown : human rights, ‘best interests’ and customary adoption ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tsiakos , George (LL.M. 2006) Refugee Protection for People with Mental Disabilities under International Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tshering , Norbu (LL.M. 2003) A Comparison of Minority Shareholders’ Remedies in British Columbia and Bhutan ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tully , Erin McEachern (LL.M. 2004) Climate Change Plan for Canada : Tax Policy and the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Tuomi , William Victor (LL.M. 2005) Appropriating the Tools of Research : Patent Law and Biotechnology ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Twinomukunzi , Charles Mureisya (LL.M. 1979) The Social Responsibility of Corporations in East Africa ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Ullrich  Dierk (LL.M. 2000) Opening the Club – A Liberal Approach to Private Participation in the World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement System ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Umaru , Juliet Lami (LL.M. 1984) Choice of Law in International Commercial Arbitration ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Urapeepatanapong , Kitipong (LL.M. 1987) Legal Aspects of Countertrade under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the National Laws of Canada and Thailand ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Van Der Meide , Wayne (LL.M. 2001) Who Guards the Borders of ‘Gay’? : An Examination of the Implications of the Extension of ‘Spousal’ Status to Queer People Who Experience Multiple Oppression ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Van’t Westeinde , Jobine (LL.M. 1998) Restorative Principles in the Criminal Justice System : Alternatives for Satisfying Justice? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Villaseñor Rodriguez , Fernando (Ph.D. 2017) The constitutionalization of the right to social security : a comparative analysis between Japan and Mexico ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Violet , Ian (LL.M. 1990) The Allocation of Responsibility for the Maintenance of the Single Parent Family ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Vogl , Anthea Fay (Ph.D. 2016) Refugee status determination, narrative and the oral hearing in Australia and Canada ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Vohra , Apurva (LL.M. 2023) Social order in the age of artificial intelligence : the use of technology in migration governance and decision-making ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wade , John Harington (LL.M. 1971) Morals and the Enforcement of Values : An Analysis of the Hart-Devlin Debate ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Waldron , Mary Anne (LL.M. 1974) The Process of Law Reform : Focus on the New B.C. Companies Act ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Walewski , Paul M.A. (LL.M. 2004) Combating International Terrorism : A Study of whether the Responses by the UK and US to the Events of 9/11 are Compatible with Respect for Fundamental Human Rights ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Walkem , Ardith Alison (LL.M. 2005) Bringing Water to the Land : Re-cognize-ing Indigenous Oral Traditions and the Laws of Embodied Within Them ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Walker , Patrick (LL.M. 1992) Crown-Aboriginal Fiduciary Relationships : False Optimism or Realistic Expectations? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wallrap , Albert Samuel (LL.M. 1997) Admissibility of Novel Scientific Opinion – Unusual Bedfellows and Interdisciplinary Stories ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Walter , Kerstin (LL.M. 2012)

Mind the gap : exposing the protection gaps in international law for environmentally displaced citizens of small island states ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wang , Chao (LL.M. 2003) National Treatment, Transparency, and Rule of Law : Evolving Issues on the Conformity of China’s Legal System with WTO’s Principles ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wang , Chao (Ph.D. 2010) Redefining and Regulating Public Contracting in China : Comparative and International Perspectives ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wang , Chunyan (LL.M. 2003) E-Commerce in China ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wang , Feihong (LL.M. 1996) Reforming the Chinese State-owned Enterprise : A Law and Economics Perspective ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Ward , Ian Robert (LL.M. 1985) Misleading Government Information : An Analysis of the Legal Remedies Available to the Affected Citizens ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Webb , Suzanne Nicola (LL.M. 1999) The Drug Court; A Miracle or the Healer’s Hand? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Weibel , Rolando (LL.M. 1973) The Quest for a New Management Structure in European Company Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Welch , Elizabeth Ann (L.L.M 2014) Succumbing to the siren song : rape myths in sexual offender sentencing in B.C. ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wilkinson , Suzanne (LL.M. 2002) NAFTA, Mexico & Metalclad : Understanding the Normative Framework of International Trade Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Willenbrock , Christel (LL.M. 1995) Policy Analysis of Waste Management Legislation in Canada and Germany with a Focus on the Polluter Pays Principle ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Williams , Joseph Victor (LL.M. 1988) Te Mana Motuhake Me Te Iwi Maori : Indigenous Self Determination ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Williams-Davidson , Terri-Lynn (LL.M. 2022) Ts’uu JaasG̲alang hlG̲aajuu : cedar sisters framework ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wojda , Magdalena A. (LL.M. 2015) A focus on the risk of harm : applying a risk-centered purposive approach to the interpretation of “personal information” under Canadian data protection laws ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wolfson , Lorne Howard (LL.M. 1976) Juvenile Delinquents, Young Offenders and Young Persons in Conflict With the Law : A Study of Juvenile Delinquency Law Reform in Canada ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Woolias , David (LL.M. 2012)

“To the advantage of all concerned” : practical and principle-based arguments for a revised remedy regime for unfair dismissal in Australia ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wright , David Malcolm (LL.M. 1991) Fiduciaries in a commercial context ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Wriley , Jennifer Lee (LL.M. 2013) The evolution of credit bidding : its recent journey and logical next step ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Xia , Yao Yuan (LL.M. 1990) Reconciliation of Non-Market Economies : GATT Trade Rules ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Xin , Jianhong (LL.M. 2000) Court Mediation in China : Time for Reform ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Xin , Kelei (LL.M. 1993) The Role of Law and Policy in the Offshore Petroleum Development of China ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yamamoto , Yoko (LL.M. 2000) Regulating Hate Propaganda in Japan : Canadian Hate Regulation and Japanese Minorities ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yamauchi , Keith Dennis (LL.M. 1994) The Reorganization of Insolvent Businesses : A Functional Comparison of the Canadian and American Models ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yan , Yibing (LL.M. 1993) A Non-Market Economy’s Admission to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – China’s Unique Situation ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yang , Bonny (LL.M. 2002) The Law with Two Faces ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yang , Jie (LL.M. 2004) Who is at Risk? Is a Carrier under a Straight Bill of Lading Entitled to Deliver Goods to the Named Consignee without Presentation of the Original Bill of Lading? ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yang , Xusheng (LL.M. 1997) Securities regulation in China : A Study of its Path to Market Economy ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yaron , Gil (LL.M. 2000) Awakening Sleeping Beauty : Reviving Lost Remedies and Discourses to Revoke Corporate Charters ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yewchuk, Drew (LL.M. 2024) A study in executive branch noncompliance with law : government secrecy, endangered species protection, and the whitebark pine ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yin , Li (LL.M. 1993) A Comparative Study of the Contract Remedy Systems Between Anglo-American and Chinese Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yorgun , Siobhan L. (Ph.D. 2020) “Other” women in flight : sexual minority and polygynous refugee women ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Young , Charles A. (LL.M. 1976) Liability for Marine Pollution ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Yu , Linan (LL.M. 1998) Internationalization of Chinese Patent Law and Practice ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zafar , Yasmeen (LL.M. 1991) Feminism, psychoanalysis and postmodernism : bridging the discourses ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zafer , Muhammad Masoud Uz (LL.M. 1984) Strikes in Essential Services in British Columbia ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zaharko , Janice (LL.M. 1980) Procedures for Transferring to British Columbia the Federal Government’s Interest in Offshore Oil and Gas ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zanghellini , Aleardo (LL.M. 2000) Homoerotica & Homophobia : Hatred, Pornography, and the Politics of Speech Regulation ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zegrean , Ivona-Elena (L.L.M 2017) Consumer welfare and private actions for damages in European Union competition law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zeng , Hang (LL.M. 2005) Antidumping and Competition : The Case of China ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zhang , Jida (LL.M. 2002) Foreign-Related Commercial Disputes Resolution in China after WTO ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zhang , Yulin (LL.M. 1994) International Arbitral Jurisdiction ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zhang , Yulin (Ph.D. 2016) Impartial resolution of disputes in China : an intellectual property perspective ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Zhu , Yun (LL.M. 2002) Trade and Environmental Protection Within the World Trade Organization Framework ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Ziegelwanger , Vera (LL.M. 1995) Plea Bargaining : A Comparative Study of Austrian and Canadian Law ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Ziyi , Yang (LL.M. 2021) Family planning and gender discrimination in the workplace : an assessment of China’s two-child policy on women’s equality at work ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT

Law PhD theses

At Maastricht University, a PhD degree is not just a study but a serious research project that adds new knowledge to a given field. There are three ways to become a PhD candidate at UM, which are outlined below. As a PhD candidate, you’ll spend most of your time conducting original research and writing a dissertation.

Latest PhD theses

Death in denial. a study into the dutch system of postmortem investigation.

PhD thesis by Cécile Woudenberg-van den Broek Recent reports on forensic medicine in the Netherlands highlight the need for significant improvements in postmortem investigations. This thesis questions the adequacy of the Dutch system, arguing that it may not meet the criteria set by the European...

Enhancing marine protection: The role of Prevention in addressing pollution from land-based sources starting from the European regional experience

PhD thesis written by Francesco Maletto This research examined whether the legal framework currently governing this kind of marine pollution is adequate and effective in addressing the issue.

Weaponized Investments: Navigating the Intersection of National Security and Global Trade

PhD thesis witten by Jens Hillebrand Pohl

This dissertation explores how international arbitration addresses disputes that arise when states invoke national security to justify restrictive measures against foreign investors.

Uniformity of law does not necessarily lead to (legal) certainty of the law

PhD thesis written by Emma van Doornik The research is based on the hypothesis that there are various situations in the application of the tariff classification rules, in which uniformity is given unjustifiably greater importance than legal certainty.

Do Our Children Have Rights? Children’s Rights in the Unrecognised State of Somaliland

PhD thesis written by Guleid Jama This research studies children’s rights in Somaliland, an unrecognized State in the Horn of Africa.

Theses and Dissertations (Private Law)

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• A comparison of Dutch and South African legal mechanisms to address parental alienation  Steenkamp, Francois Rudolph ( 2024 ) This mini-dissertation examines the phenomenon of parental alienation (hereinafter referred to as PA) within a family law context and conducts a comparative legal analysis of the existing legal mechanisms available in South ...
• The clean break principle on sharing pension interest upon divorce in South Africa is not as clean as a whistle  Moloi, Kesiame Kith ( 2024-02 ) This study explores the historical treatment of pension benefits preceding the introduction of the clean break principle. It delves into the developments leading to the codification of this clean break principle concerning ...
• Local child relocation in South Africa : a comparative legal analysis  Hunkin, Camilla ( 2023-03 ) The Children’s Act 38 of 2005 lacks a detailed guideline that governs the local relocation of a co-parent and child, post-divorce or separation, within the borders of South Africa. Local relocation could either be relocation ...
• The guardian’s fund as the appropriate receptacle of lump-sum future maintenance for children  Adriaan, Jemillo Cristopher ( 2021-08-09 ) The Maintenance Act 99 of 1998 currently only provides for the recovery of arrear maintenance and the enforcement thereof but does not provide for an applicant to claim for future maintenance. The courts have tried to fill ...
• Recognition and enforcement of foreign child support orders : a comparative analysis of Eritrean and South African law  Bereket Tsegai Embaye ( 2023-06-14 ) Recognition and enforcement of foreign child support orders are characterised by persistent difficulties because, in most cases, child support orders are required to be re-evaluated over time because of changed circumstances. ...
• South african courts’ differing approaches to determining children’s views in family law matters  Uys, Alet Magdaleen ( 2022-02-21 ) This dissertation analyses thirteen South African judgments to establish how courts determine children’s views and wishes in legal proceedings. The judgments selected relate to child participation in divorce and care, ...
• Drones, privacy and information privacy : a due diligence human rights analysis with reference to South African and Namibian legislation  Shaparara, Loide Anbelina ( 2022 )
• A comparative human rights approach to surrogacy arrangements : a study of India, South Africa and Nigeria  Adelakun, Olanike Sekinat ( 2023-05 ) Surrogacy is an assisted reproductive technology method that enables a woman to carry the pregnancy of commissioning parent(s) to term and hand over the child after birth. This thesis examines the practice regulation of ...
• Medico-legal issues relating to pharmacogenomics and the development of personalised medicine in the context of HIV and AIDS in South Africa  Molusi, Angela Patricia ( 2023-01 ) The principle of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics (PGx) in health research is not new. However, pursuance thereof has regained momentum in the 21st century. Despite the apparent demand to respond to adverse drug ...
• Surrogate motherhood and assisted reproduction in South Africa : an analysis of selected constitutional and medico-legal issues  Auret, Elaine ( 2023-01-31 ) The advancement in medical technology over the past few decades has brought hope to infertile people and same-sex couples to have their own families in circumstances where it would not have been possible for them otherwise, ...
• An analysis and review of the legal complexities of land governance in the context of customary law in South Africa and Zambia  Phiri, Dimuna ( 2022-12 ) The statutory legal systems in South Africa and Zambia are generally considered superior to customary laws and practices. Despite the co-existence of legal systems in both countries, it cannot be assumed that they receive ...
• A comparative legal study of corporal punishment and tri-nation law reform  Greeff, Laetitia-Ann ( 2021-10-25 ) Since 1979 when Sweden became the first country to ban corporal punishment, there has been a steady increase in the number of countries prohibiting physical force as a disciplinary measure against children. To date, ...
• Artificial intelligence and healthcare in South Africa : ethical and legal challenges  Jogi, Anisha Amarat ( 2021-05 ) We find ourselves in an era of intelligent machines as technology pushes the boundaries towards the fourth industrial revolution. AI is already here in disruptive narrow forms, cutting across the globe and leaving almost ...
• The right to fair, just and reasonable terms and conditions under the Consumer Protection Act and the German standard business terms legislation in comparative perspective  Adam, Andreas ( 2021 ) This doctoral thesis deals with the right to fair, just and reasonable terms and conditions, set out in sections 48 to 52 of the Consumer Protection Act, and the theoretical and practical problems involved. These provisions ...
• Maintenance of the surviving spouse in South Africa : the challenges faced by the executor  Williams, Ronel Anneli ( 2020-02 ) The Maintenance of Surviving Spouses Act 27 of 1990 came into operation thirty years ago and has remained relatively unchanged since its promulgation. The stated objective of the Act is to provide the surviving spouse with ...
• The call to decolonise higher education : copyright law through an African lens  Sindane, Ntando ( 2020-01-30 ) This dissertation reflects critically on the calls for the decolonisation of South Africa’s higher education sector by studying the historical development of legal pedagogy in South African law faculties. It focuses in ...
• The action of dependants from a comparative and an African perspective  Mokotong, Matshilane ( 2018-10 ) The available sources on the dependency action in South Africa do not mention the presence or absence of traditional values. This study was prompted by a simple curiosity to discover the traditional legal values of the ...
• A comparative legal analysis of the effects of divorce on marital property  Makola, Thulelo Mmakola ( 2018-01 ) The movement of people from county to country brought about an increase in international marriages. However, South African private international law rules with regard to the proprietary consequences of marriage are not on ...
• Legal issues relating to the treatment of persons living with cancer  Maimela, Charles ( 2017-06 ) Cancer is regarded as a global disease and one of the leading killer diseases in the world. The reason why cancer is so widespread and often misunderstood stems from multiple factors, namely, the lack of knowledge about ...
• The explicit and implicit influence of reasonableness on the elements of delictual liability  Ahmed, Raheel ( 2018-01 ) Reasonableness as a concept used in determining delictual liability or liability in tort law, is either embraced or perceived by some as frustrating. It is a normative concept which is inextricably linked with the concepts ...

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Notre Dame J.S.D. candidate Pavithra Rajendran explores gender justice and criminal law through multidisciplinary legal research

Published: October 24, 2024 Author: Arienne Calingo

J.S.D. candidate Pavithra Rajendran is an academician, multi-faceted feminist, and first-generation lawyer from Kandy, Sri Lanka. An LL.B. graduate from the University of Colombo, Pavithra became an attorney at the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka and later pursued her LL.M. degree, concentrating on criminal justice, constitutional law, gender justice, and women’s rights.

Through the Fulbright Award, Pavithra earned her second LL.M. degree, graduating cum laude from Notre Dame Law School’s program in International Human Rights Law in 2023. Her thesis on gender stereotypical malpractices in Sri Lanka won the Percy Buchanan Graduate Prize at the 72nd Midwest Conference on Asian Affairs.

Since beginning her J.S.D. journey in fall 2023, Pavithra has explored several avenues — such as writing papers, actively engaging in fellowships, and participating in conferences — to delve into the complex and dynamic intersections of disciplines such as law, feminism, criminology, sociology, economics, cultural studies, colonization, and human rights.

“I never see human rights purely as a law. It’s a multidisciplinary program,” said Pavithra. “Law is a powerful tool to approach human rights, but any person can approach human rights from their own perspective. A person in arts and culture, for example, may have their own different human rights perspective.”

For Pavithra, being a “different kind of lawyer” means having a deep passion for a cause. She stated, “It means thinking outside the box and having the courage to embrace your insecurities, imperfections, and uniqueness. A ‘different kind of lawyer’ always prioritizes human dignity above all else.”

At Notre Dame, Pavithra has brought this vision to life through her diverse academic and extracurricular pursuits. She chose Notre Dame for its strong human rights focus and her passion for bridging human rights and criminal law. “From the moment I received Notre Dame’s acceptance letter, I knew that I belonged here,” she said. She expressed that she is very grateful to Professor Diane Desierto , director of the LL.M. program in International Human Rights Law, and feels inspired by her leadership.

Read below to learn more about Pavithra’s exciting work and accomplishments as a J.S.D. candidate at Notre Dame Law School.

J.S.D. Dissertation

Pavithra’s dissertation, “Gender Sensitive Criminal Justice System as Anti-Discrimination: A Global Agenda” delves into feminist criminology and explores whether affirmative action is visible in the criminal justice systems. The first phase of her dissertation examines how women belonging to certain socio-economic and cultural classes are more vulnerable to the criminal justice system. The second phase offers a Global North versus Global South approach, comparing the United States and Sri Lanka. Specifically, Pavithra is examining the progress the United States has made in adopting women's rights within the criminal justice system, compared to Sri Lanka, where such protections remain significantly underdeveloped. The third phase provides recommendations on how the Global North and international laws can set examples to help the Global South combat violence against women. Her dissertation advisor is Professor Stephen Smith . Pavithra’s former LL.M. advisor, Professor Christine Venter , is also offering her guidance.

Colin B. Picker Graduate Prize in Comparative Law

Pavithra’s paper, titled, “Butterfly Effects: Women and Criminal Law — A Comparative Analysis of Sri Lanka and the United States,” received an honorable mention in this year's Colin B. Picker Graduate Prize in Comparative Law, organized by the American Society of Comparative Law’s Young Comparativists Committee. This paper, which she wrote under the guidance of Professor Smith, will be published in the Washington International Law Journal in its Spring 2025 issue. In addition, with the support of a grant from the Kellogg Institute for International Studies , Pavithra presented her paper at the Texas A&M University School of Law in October 2024.

Book Chapter

Pavithra’s chapter, titled, " Ensuring Childhood Aftermath of Armed Conflict ," has been published in the book “ Enhancing Stabilization and Strategic Partnership in a Post-Conflict Environment: A Comprehensive Approach to Human Security .” This was a one-year project by the NATO Security Force Assistance Centre of Excellence, involving several experts in international humanitarian law and practice.

2024 Notre Dame Law School Program on Law & Economics Student Fellowship

Pavithra was selected to be part of the inaugural Law & Economics Student Fellowship , which aims to foster deeper intellectual engagement and enhance research capabilities in the economic analysis of law. As a fellow, she has opportunities to engage in specialized coursework, attend guest lectures, and participate in research opportunities focused on the intersection of law and economics, including conceptual, behavioral, experimental, and empirical approaches. The fellowship is offered by the Notre Dame Program on Law and Economics , directed by Professor Avishalom Tor .

Pavithra is the only J.S.D. candidate in the inaugural cohort and the only fellow without an economics-related degree. “I’m coming to this with limited knowledge of economics,” she noted. However, her strong interest in the intersection of law and economics is evident in her work on economic abuse as a form of domestic violence, which will be published in the Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law. She hopes to use the Law & Economics Student Fellowship to further explore this topic, focusing on economic-based solutions.

2024 Graduate Justice Fellowship

The Graduate Justice Fellowship, awarded by the University of Notre Dame’s Institute for Social Concerns , offers graduate students from across the University a year-long opportunity to work with faculty and a community of other graduate students on questions of justice broadly conceived from any disciplinary perspective. Fellows work with invited scholars and leaders from the University and beyond to sharpen research plans through interdisciplinary dialogue and workshops.

As a 2024 Graduate Justice Fellow, Pavithra is enthusiastic about learning how each fellow approaches and understands justice through different lenses. “The Graduate Justice Fellowship gives me the chance to work in a diverse community, and it’s a very big cohort, too,” she said. “It’s fascinating to know how people from the natural and social sciences approach justice.”

2024 Elinor Ostrom Fellowship

Pavithra is a recipient of the 2024 Elinor Ostrom Fellowship , awarded by the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. This one-year program is designed for doctoral students from region-specific universities and disciplines who have an interest in the themes of markets, culture, morality, and sociality in political economy.

Pavithra aims to broaden her understanding of sociality and morality through a Global South lens and assess whether it is possible to adapt Westernized perspectives in the Global South. She will examine the influence of economic factors on women victims' ability to access justice. Of the 44 fellows in this year’s cohort, Pavithra is the only fellow with a law background, as well as the only fellow from Notre Dame Law School.

Kellogg Institute Ph.D. Fellowship

Through its Ph.D. Fellowship, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies offers five years of supplemental financial support to outstanding graduate students in a variety of disciplines who are committed to the study and understanding of global issues regardless of methodological approach or region of interest. Fellows must devote their major doctoral work to a topic directly related to addressing democracy or human development. Pavithra is concentrating on human development, with an emphasis on advancing women’s rights within the criminal justice system. She started receiving this fellowship in the fall of 2023.

Midwest Conference on Asian Affairs

In September 2024, Pavithra served as the chair of the “Gender and Justice” panel at the 73rd Midwest Conference on Asian Affairs , hosted this year by the University of Notre Dame. She presented her paper, “Societal Stigmatization of Survivors of Sexual Crimes and the Response of the Law: A Spotlight on India,” which will be published in UCLA School of Law’s Pacific Basin Law Journal next year. This was the final paper she wrote for Professor Venter’s Gender Issues and International Law class last semester, for which she was named a recipient of the Faculty Award for Excellence.

You can learn more about Notre Dame Law School’s J.S.D. program at law.nd.edu/academics/jsd/ .