essay about building management system

Review of Smart Building Management System

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• First Online: 04 January 2022
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• Mona Tatari 12 ,
• Parul Agarwal   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7297-335X 12 ,
• M. Afshar Alam   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-711X 12 &
• Jawed Ahmed   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8852-8234 12  

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 321))

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Smart buildings, use information and communication technologies for automating the process of heating, ventilation, cooling, security, water and energy management, health of elderly, and thus aids in achieving energy efficiency. There is an urgent need for smart energy-saving buildings, and modifying the existing buildings so that they are able to use various automation systems and smart energy management systems in an effective manner. This paper provides extensive and systematic review of building management systems (BMS) which can be used to improve building energy consumption, achieve energy efficiency, and reduce maintenance and repair costs. In this paper, some studies would be analyzed to identify the technical advances that have laid the base for a better future. This paper also presents the challenges that confront the real-life scenarios and proposes a guideline for the proposed solutions. It can be concluded that various machine to machine and advanced technologies can enable a building to respond intelligently to achieve energy efficiency.

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Mona Tatari, Parul Agarwal, M. Afshar Alam & Jawed Ahmed

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Tatari, M., Agarwal, P., Alam, M.A., Ahmed, J. (2022). Review of Smart Building Management System. In: Tuba, M., Akashe, S., Joshi, A. (eds) ICT Systems and Sustainability. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 321. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5987-4_18

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Building Management System

T the functions of a building are to create an artificial environment to protect the activities taking place within it from outside influences. To meet the complex needs of modem workplaces computer-based technology is increasingly coming into the design, construction methods, materials, and operation of buildings. The introduction of building management systems in large buildings have not only improved the control of building services for the comfort and safety of mankind, environment, and materials but also provided energy savings. However, current building management systems are limited by the physical level of integration of the building's services as they have separate monitoring and control stations for each parameter like Heating, …show more content…

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Building Management System is a system that controls and regulates the service and interior systems in a building. It is also referred to as Building Automation System or Direct Digital Control Systems.. Some services that it monitors are ventilation, lighting, heating, air conditioning and hydraulics. This system works by linking all the equipment and systems in the building to create an integrated system that is controlled by a network of computerized controllers. The controls will signal the equipment or system to adapt to the needs of the building and adjust to the desired settings. The most popular providers of Building Management Systems are: Cisco, Honeywell , Johnson Controls, Schneider Electric and United Technologies.

Basic Building Management System has essential components through which it controls a building. These components are:

Sensors: These include devices that are able to measure temperature, humidity, daylight, quantities of substances such as CO2, and even, it is able to measure room occupancy.

Controllers: These are the masterminds of the systems. They take the data collected from the building sensors and decide how the system will respond.

Output devices: These carry out the commands from the collector.

Communication protocols: These are protocols used to communicate to the controllers. It is almost a spoken language.

User interface: These include all the devices, such as screens or interfaces that the people use to interact with the building automation systems. The dashboard is where the building data is reported.

All the system components are hidden in the building, just as the wiring and plumbing are. They operate out of sight of the building’s occupants.

Some of the functions that a Building Management System can do are:

Setting up the lighting and HVAC systems to operate according to a certain schedule that makes those systems more intelligent and more efficient at the same time.

Optimizing the flow of incoming outside air to regulate the air freshness, temperature and comfort inside the building.

Telling you when a HVAC unit is running, either in cooling or heating, helping to reduce utility costs.

Identifying emergency situations, such as a fire breaks out. It will automatically turn off any facilities that could endanger the building’s occupants.

Detecting problems with the building’s facilities, and sends instant messages to the building’s facility manager.

Identifying entry and exit of building’s occupants to and from the building.

Turning a camera on and off. It is able to record any activity that is taking place in any particular place.

Types of Data a Building Management System collects:

A Building Management System has access to a wide range of sensor data, depending on the needs of the building and the systems installed. Temperature is one of the important information that is tracked, since it is a critical point for proper climate control. The indoor air quality is controlled to ensure the appropriate amount of external and internal air that is being exchanged. This exact same method is used to control humidity in the building structure.

When there is a problem with air quality or with the mechanical aspects of a building, the pressure and chemical sensor perform.

Motion is also data that is collected by the building management system. Alarms coming from many other parts of a building, such as power supplies, elevators or electronic doors. The data is passed along to the central controllers and sends information to all the devices to act according to their function.

A Building Management System is an excellent method to have centralized control of a building and its systems. Modern options provide some perceptions into the operations made in the building, from discovering issues in advance to optimize performance and get maximum quality of building interior systems.

Where it is used: Building Management Systems are usually installed in large offices as way to control and improve the quality of the working environment, while also reducing energy costs and consumption. Since technology has improved and become cheaper, even smaller buildings can utilize this system. For example, some homes have systems that can automatically shut off lights if a room is not being occupied, which is an example of a Building Management System.

Sustainability:

The implementation of a Building Management System can be very cost effective and sustainable. Since heating and cooling a is major factor that affects the annual cost an owner will pay for a building, this system regulates the amount of heating and cooling by controlling temperature. The system will detect areas that need to be altered and activates the necessary equipment to maintain a stable, safe and comfortable temperature in the building. This reduces the amount of energy consumption and saves money for the owner. Since the system reduces the waste of energy, LEED points and can be gained by utilizing this system.

Another sustainable aspect of this system is its influence on air quality and emissions. Building Management Systems allow for improved indoor air quality as well as reductions in emissions. Its technology allows it to control and monitor the air quality, while also using the necessary equipment or services efficiently. With healthier air quality, comes a better work environment and increased productivity of workers. According to the Advance Control Corporation, in relation to cost the use of Building Management Systems in a building can reduce the cost of equipment operating expenditures by 15%.  Another beneficial system that can be controlled by the Building Management System is the smoke evaluation system. This system detects the origin of the smoke and controls its movement, so as to prevent  it from spreading to other areas of the building. The system will alert all occupants and increases the overall safety of the occupants and building.

LEED Certification

A Building System Management that is well-designed and properly installed in a building can lead up to 48 points in the LEED rating systems. These system has the most impact on the Energy & Atmosphere (A&E) section of the LEED rating system. It is due to the control system that a building can achieve 22 to 26 points. The other components fulfill credits to reach up to 40 points, which is the minimum level for building certification, or even more.

Negative Aspects of BMS

While Building Management Systems have long term cost benefits, there is an issue of high initial costs. Since this systems needs data to be gathered and analyzed to function, it is very expensive. Acquiring data is expensive and requires sensors. The sensors are set to decrease in price, but according to Enertiv,this price change will not make a large difference in the cost of installing a Building Management System. The cost to install a Building Management System was as low as $2.50/sqft and as high as $7.00/sqft in 2014. Another slight disadvantage is that it must be configured perfectly. If there is a slight error in its configurations, the data will not be able to registered and utilized properly, thus defeating the purpose of this system.

As mentioned previously the cost to install a Building Management System is between $2.50 – $7.00 per square foot. This can create a large expense when considering the whole building and usually takes around 4 years or more  to get a return on investment.

Some factors that affect the cost are:

Area needed to be covered

Amount of sensors

Maintenance:

Building Management Systems need sufficient maintenance and testing to continue to function at its best capabilities and provide expected quality of results. If left unmaintained it will ruin and perform poorly. Along with the system not functioning at its best, the occupants will also be negatively affected and reduce their comfortability and productivity. All equipment should be reviewed regularly by the required specialist in a detailed manner to ensure the proper functioning of each component of the equipement.

Some maintenance techniques offered by Air Services are the following:

Tailored BEMS Maintenance Packages

Remote Monitoring and Bureau Services

Alarm Rationalising and re Transmission

Planned Preventative maintenance

Data Backup Support

National Reactive Works

System Integrity Checks

24 hour emergency service Plans

Technical Help Desk

Product support and Stock holding

Durability:

In terms of durability, the Building Automation System helps control the interior systems integration. All the interior components of the building can reach certain durability due to the control system that is constantly taking care of them, especially heating, ventilation, air condition and electricity.

Regarding the durability of the system itself, it might be a challenge. A decade or two after the installation, the technology used in the system may be out of date. Since technology is advancing every single year, there is new technology with better features that will come eventually, replacing the old system. Building managers are looking for new solutions to either update the system with a new technology, or an easy way to re-install another system easily. A new strategy must be a priority in order to address this eventuality.

Code requirements:

Building management systems must conform to Construction Specifications Institute requirements found: in section 23 09 23 Direct-Digital Control Systems for HVAC. Some of the requirements deal with:

The system used

The server hardware

The controllers

Method of server communication

The user interface

Installation, testing and protection

Building Management Systems in Canada

A Building Management System is located all across UBC campus in Vancouver, British Columbia. It is a modern university that has incorporated these system of computer-based controller in their campus. It is a critical component of UBC’s energy efficiency and conservation efforts.

The system primarily controls the HVAC equipment in order to maintain the temperature and air flow set points of most of the rooms throughout each building. They are controlled by sensors that allows these components to be modified. The Building Management System provides real-time conditions of the environment at UBC, therefore it is easier to control every single system and give instant feedback.

UBC has incorporated the control systems from merchants such as Siemens, Delta/ESC and Johnson Controls Inc. (JCI). The building management system network consists of approximately 4,700 Siemens controllers, 1,430 Delta/ESC controllers and 1,260 Johnson controllers.

it is true that adequating a huge quantity of controllers in a building could be costly, however the impact of it across the campuses, and the energy efficiency it provides by managing every system in every building, bring more environmental benefits to the whole UBC community. The number one priority is energy saving. Due to the systems, it is able to estimate building’s occupancy. Researchers use this information to only heat and cool rooms when they’re occupied. They are able to manage the amount energy delivered to each room and reduce the overall energy consumption on campus.

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Building Management Systems

Contents: Pages 1. Project details. 03 2. Sensors and actuators used. 05 3. Details on controllers/DDC used in the project. 17 4. Software, GUI, and communication protocols. 25 5. Drawbacks of the overall system. 25 6. Discussion. 25 BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM PROJECT- ADMINISTRATION BUILDING OF TRELLEBORG LANKA (PVT) LTD 1.0 PROJECT DETAILS A Building Management System (BMS) is a computer-based control system installed in buildings that controls and monitors the building’s mechanical and electrical equipment such as ventilation, lighting, power systems, fire systems, and security systems. A BMS consists of …show more content…

2.0 SENSOR AND ACTUATORS USED ✓ Temperature Transducers [pic] [pic] ✓ Pressure sensors [pic] [pic] ✓ Humidity Sensor ✓ Differential Pressure sensors [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] ✓ Humidity Transducers [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] ✓ Level sensors ✓ CO2 sensor ✓ Flow Meter ✓ CCTV Cameras ✓ Light sensors ✓ Occupancy sensors ✓ Water Pumps ✓ Valve actuators ✓ Fans 3.0 DETAILS OF CONTROLLERS/DDC USED Inputs allow the controller to read temperatures, humidity, pressure, air flow, and other essential factors. The outputs allow the controller to send command and control signals to slave devices, and to other parts of the system. Inputs and outputs are digital or analog. The BMS is facilitated with a System/Network controller as this is a Supermarket/Office building. System controllers provide general purpose feedback loops, as well as digital circuits. System/Network controllers are applied to control more mechanical systems such as an Air Handler Unit (AHU), boiler, chiller , etc. Terminal Unit controller is used for control of lighting. |POINT SCHEDULE -BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (TRELLEBORG LANKA (PVT) LTD | | | | | |

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Home > Buildings > Building Management > Unlocking operational efficiency: Why an EMS is the precision tool facilities managers need

Building Management

Unlocking operational efficiency: Why an EMS is the precision tool facilities managers need

April 24, 2024

6 min read |  Wade Leipold

This audio was created using Microsoft Azure Speech Services

Many of us have been wisely taught that we should “always use the right tool for the job.” Doing so saves time and effort in the end and produces better results. For example, just because you can use a wrench to pound nails doesn’t mean you should. It might work, but it’s an inefficient process that ultimately bends and ruins the nails. There are far better ways to approach the task.

Facilities managers often struggle with a similar concept when managing energy consumption and operational efficiency. Do I need a building management system (BMS), energy management system (EMS), or both? They ask, “What is the right tool for this job?”

Let’s examine the distinct roles these two systems play in facilities management and consider how integrating an EMS into a facility can improve operational efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness.

The distinctive roles of EMS and BMS

Many facilities already have building management systems (BMS) to ensure occupant comfort and safety. However, using them for other energy measurements falls outside their parameters.

A BMS primarily manages HVAC, lighting, and occupancy levels to ensure a comfortable environment. It adjusts the building operations to the needs of its occupants, balancing comfort with energy efficiency. While it can read data from connected energy monitoring components and display basic units like kW, KVA, and kVAR, its capabilities in deep energy analysis are limited. It is possible to repurpose a BMS to measure other parameters, but this requires significant reprogramming hours, retesting, and recommissioning. It’s simply not designed to manage energy.

Enter the energy management system (EMS). Designed out of the box to provide deep dives into energy usage, power quality monitoring, sub-billing, and reporting, it’s the perfect tool for energy efficiency, cost savings, and optimized electrical infrastructure. This system analyzes energy usage data, including voltage, current, total harmonic distortion, and power quality. It goes beyond monitoring and provides predictive analytics for electrical systems and proactive maintenance alerts. It also gives detailed insights into energy efficiency and conservation opportunities. An EMS is a robust tool that turns raw energy data into  action , with near-zero programming and easy-to-understand visualizations.

Energy management systems: A precision facility tool

An energy management system is a critical asset for power system optimization. With precise, high-resolution views of power quality and electrical events, it predicts maintenance requirements for equipment like breakers and transfer switches and analyzes and identifies core electrical needs. These systems can determine the source of power issues, enhancing the facility’s response to and resolution of such events:

• Enhanced data analysis and quality:  Energy data has great strategic value. An EMS shows how operations use energy and finds areas of inefficiency and opportunities for cost reduction. The level of detail and accuracy in energy data an EMS provides is ideal for strategic decision-making and operational optimization.
• Predictive maintenance:  By analyzing energy consumption patterns and identifying deviations from the norm, an EMS can predict potential system failures before they occur. Timely maintenance prevents costly downtime and extends critical equipment’s lifespan, ensuring facilities run smoothly and efficiently.
• Power quality and improved equipment life:  Power quality issues –  harmonics, sags, or swells  – lead to significant operational disruptions and equipment damage. An EMS identifies and diagnoses these issues, and facilities can take corrective actions before this happens. An EMS’s power quality monitoring capabilities contribute to longer equipment life and more reliable facility operations.
• Seamless integration with business operations:  An EMS doesn’t have to operate in isolation. It can integrate and share data with business systems like BMS, asset management, or enterprise resource planning systems. This integration bridges a gap between energy management and strategic business decisions.
• Financial and regulatory impact:  An EMS has significant financial implications. Besides its  compelling return on investment  through reduced energy costs, there are environmental benefits of minimized waste and optimized use of resources. An EMS contributes to sustainability efforts and regulatory expectations by reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions.
• Detailed data reports:  These systems also provide reports to help facilities comply with local, state, or national energy codes, such as energy performance monitoring and reporting for  ASHRAE 90.1 ,  LEED , and  California Title 24 .
• Value-added services:  An EMS is designed to be simple and show the data. It isn’t a black box that needs deciphering, but companies may often not have the resources or knowledge to analyze their EMS data. In this case, a  service contract  connects facilities with experts who will examine the EMS data and interpret it. This helps the customer find the root causes of electrical system issues, and then take action.

The right tool makes all the difference

An energy management system (EMS) has many capabilities and benefits that differ from those of a BMS. It can track energy consumption in real time, identify inefficiencies in the electrical network, find new process efficiencies, and report and reduce energy consumption, carbon footprint, and costs. It’s the tool to use for operational efficiency and sustainability. With deep analytical insights, foresight into power system performance, and comprehensive energy oversight, an EMS is indispensable for modern facilities.

Learn more about Schneider Electric’s  energy management systems  and its  commitment to a sustainable future , or feel free to  contact us  at FTI to discuss how we can help you drive your sustainability goals with data.

EcoXperts are the enablers of net-zero buildings

The EcoXpert Partner Program is unique and comprises a best-in-class, global ecosystem of expertise. Trained and certified by Schneider Electric,  EcoXpert partners digitize and electrify our world for a more sustainable future.

The path to net zero is about delivering solutions for sustainable, resilient, efficient, and people-centric buildings.  For our EcoXpert partners , this unveils immense growth opportunities through the transition to end-to-end portfolio sales that will resolve our customers’ most critical needs.  For our shared customers , this means that together with our EcoXpert partners, we will drive the building industry transformation and help our customers survive and thrive today – and tomorrow.

Visit the  EcoXpert webpage  to learn more.

About the author

Wade Leipold, Executive VP of Faith Technologies Incorporated

Wade Leipold is the executive vice president of Faith Technologies Incorporated (FTI). FTI is a Master EcoXpert™ and is proud to partner with Schneider Electric to provide EcoStruxure™ IoT open architecture building management and security systems to our clients. A dynamic organization comprised of construction, engineering, manufacturing, and renewable energy experts, we create success for our partners and team members through innovation and expertise, rethinking how energy is designed, applied, and consumed – providing solutions that prepare clients for today and the future.

Tags: building management solutions , EcoXpert , energy management , Energy Management Control System , facilities

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