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What is Post Secondary Education?

What is post-secondary education.

Your education is a journey to prepare you for the life you want to lead, and there are many possible paths to explore after graduating high school. Post secondary education opportunities can allow you to dive deeper into your interests and discover your true passions. Many post secondary education programs offer more hands on learning experiences that provide clarity about what you want to do with your life. 

In this post, we outline the most common post-secondary education options available after high school. But first things first: What exactly is post-secondary education?

Post Secondary Education: Meaning and Definition

As one might expect, post-secondary education comes after secondary education (also known as high school, which is the final phase of basic education). Post-secondary education is also known as third-level education , higher education , or tertiary education , and is an optional educational path for those who have completed their high-school or GED requirements. The goal of a post-secondary education program is to further train students in specialized skills, preparing them for more-advanced career and life opportunities. 

Post-secondary education programs generally (but not always) culminate in a degree or other form of certification, verifying that the student has completed all associated requirements and is ready to graduate from the program. Post-high school education options that do not award degrees are usually called continuing education , and may include workshops, seminars, and other supplemental opportunities. That said, both of the terms “continuing education” and “post-secondary education” may also be used to describe any form of education available after secondary education.

Types of Post Secondary Options 

While for many, “post-secondary education” is synonymous with college , the truth is that high school graduates have a number of different options to choose from for structured learning after high school. Consider these different types of post-secondary education programs: 

Vocational Schools

Vocational schools (also called trade schools or technical schools ) offer specialized education designed to prepare students for specific lines of work. Compared to a college education, which is usually more academic-focused, vocational programs tend to be more hands-on, experience oriented, and tailored towards practical career knowledge. Additionally, by eliminating many of the general-education and liberal-arts requirements found in colleges, vocational schools may offer a more direct route into the job market. This is the result of job-specific training opportunities and shorter completion times.

Vocational schools typically funnel students directly into careers in skilled trades. Examples of vocational courses include: healthcare and home caregiving, plumbing, electrical services, hairstyling, carpentry, computer network management, paralegal studies, massage therapy, and more. 

Community Colleges

Community colleges are shorter-duration alternatives to the traditional four-year university experience. Most community colleges allow students to earn an associate degree over the course of two years, focusing primarily on the general-education classes required by accredited universities. They sometimes also offer non-degree certification and vocational training.

Most community colleges are open admission , meaning that the admission process is non exclusive, and not dependent on any academic factors other than a high school diploma or equivalent certification. After earning their associate degree through the community college, students may either enter the job market with increased training and certification, or choose to transfer to a four-year college or university to pursue a specific major and earn a bachelor’s degree.

Colleges and Universities

Colleges and universities are generally what first come to mind when people think of post-secondary education. These higher-education institutes offer bachelor degree (four-year) programs. Additionally, students may choose to continue their education past the BA/BS level; colleges and universities tend to offer post-graduate programs, allowing dedicated individuals to earn master’s degrees or doctorates. Completing a four-year college program may make some graduates more appealing to job interviewers, and there are a number of companies that won’t even consider applicants unless they have at least a bachelor degree. On the other hand, colleges and universities are usually the most-expensive post-secondary education options — averaging approximately $28,000 in tuition annually. However, many different scholarship and grant programs exist to help offset some of these costs; prospective students should research these possibilities while considering post-secondary options. 

Fellowship and Abroad Programs

Many post-secondary students want to take the time to travel, see the world, and enjoy the freedom that comes from having completed their high school education. At the same time, many feel the desire to use this time to better themselves, learn valuable leadership skills, and give something back. For these students, fellowships and abroad programs may be the answer they’re looking for.

Fellowship and abroad programs offer experiential learning, hands-on training, and real-life opportunities to help and connect with individuals around the world. Students often pursue these opportunities during a ‘gap year’ (either after high school and before college, or between college years). Many gap-year programs combine education and service, and are designed to produce well-rounded, socially conscious individuals who are ready to excel in whatever careers or life paths they choose.

If you are looking to grow your leadership skills and connect with people from around the world, but aren’t drawn to an abroad experience, there are also many opportunities for you! Consider an online leadership program to connect with likeminded young people from around the world, and together build leadership skills to help solve global challenges.

Get the Most out of Your Post-Secondary Opportunities 

If you’re interested in pursuing a post-secondary education, you have a lot of different options to consider. But if you want something that expands your worldview, strengthens your leadership skills, and allows you to interact with new people and cultures, then why not apply for an immersive fellowship abroad or a virtual leadership program? Global Citizen Year is a non-profit organization offering opportunities to enhance your post-secondary education. Make global connections, get hands-on learning opportunities, and gain the experience needed to change the world for the better. 

Learn more about Global Citizen Year , and turn your post-secondary education into an opportunity of a lifetime!

EXPERIENCE A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A GLOBAL CITIZEN YEAR FELLOW

Fellow / Ecuador

— Anna del Savio

I work with a group of indigenous artisans that make fair trade jewelry. …

Fellow / Brazil

— Amari Leigh

After my community garden apprenticeship, I like to hang out at the local waterfall with my friends. …

— Basil Wiering

I often hail a rickshaw into various parts of the city to meet friends and practice street photography. …

— Fernanda Tornell

I've developed my public speaking skills and encouraged hundreds of people to take care of our planet. …

Fellow / India

— Luciana Ribeiro da Silva

I apprentice with Teach For India and also volunteer with a non-profit working to end child marriage. …

— Noah Hapke

I co-teach English classes at the school in my community. …

— Sarah Murray

My apprenticeship is at a school for people with disabilities where I help to lead gardening, games, and capoeira. …

— Alana Poole

In the afternoons, I often go on home visits to meet my students' families and understand where they come from. …

REQUEST INFO

For potential applicants, sign up here to learn more. We'll help you decide if Global Citizen Year is right for you! Not a student? Please visit our newsletter form to request info.

The Postsecondary Education Conundrum

Subscribe to the brown center on education policy newsletter, cecilia elena rouse cecilia elena rouse @ceciliaerouse.

June 5, 2013

Postsecondary education in the United States faces a conundrum: Can we preserve access, help students learn more and finish their degrees sooner and more often, and keep college affordable for families, all at the same time? And can the higher education reforms currently most in vogue—expanding the use of technology and making colleges more accountable—help us do these things?

Since the 1960s, colleges and universities have worked hard to increase access to higher education. Fifty years ago, with the industrial economy booming—as Sandy Baum, Charles Kurose, and Michael McPherson write in the latest issue of the Future of Children —only 45 percent of young people went to college when they graduated from high school. Today, they note, at least 70 percent enroll in some form of postsecondary education. Women, who once accounted for little more than a third of the college population, now outnumber men on campus, and minorities and the poor have also seen many barriers to a college education fall. Certainly, we still have work to do—for example, advantaged children are still much more likely than children living in poverty to go to college, and to attend elite institutions when they do. Yet the gains in access have been remarkable.

Over the past decade, critics have increasingly questioned the quality of college education in the U.S. In particular, they have pointed to low completion rates—only about half of the people who enroll at a postsecondary institution complete a degree or certificate within six years. Yes, there are many reasons that students attend such institutions, but even among those who report that they aspire to earn at least a bachelor’s degree, only about 36 percent do so.

Most recently, the loudest debates in higher education have been about cost. When people talk about the cost of postsecondary education, they usually mean tuition. The most alarming recent increases have been in the “sticker price,” or the published cost of attending an institution. Sticker prices for full-time in-state students at public four-year colleges and universities increased 27.2 percent between 2007 and 2012, according to the College Board. But only about one-third of full-time students pay the sticker price; the other two-thirds of full-time students pay the “net price,” which is the sticker price minus grants and other forms of aid. On average, the net price is 70 percent less than the sticker price. Even so, the net price of college has also increased steeply, by 18 percent over the same five years.

Many people take the sharp rise in tuition costs as evidence that institutions of higher education are inefficient and growing more so—in other words, that colleges and universities are spending more and more money to deliver the same education. They argue that if we aggressively adopt technology and strengthen accountability, we can make colleges and universities more efficient, whether that means providing the same education for less money, or a better education for the same cost.

But, in truth, tuition—whether we’re talking about sticker price or net price—doesn’t really tell us how much a college education costs. As McPherson, who is president of the Spencer Foundation, pointed out recently at a conference at Princeton, an institution’s total expenditure per student is a much better measure of the cost of a college education. Based on 2012 data from the College Board, expenditures per student, especially at public institutions, have been relatively flat over the past decade, increasing by about 6.4 percent at four-year public institutions and actually decreasing at two-year public institutions. Tuition itself accounts for only a part of the total expenditure per student. At public institutions in particular, the rest is made up largely by state subsidies. What has changed in recent years is that state subsidies have fallen precipitously, meaning that parents and students are shouldering more of the cost through rising tuition payments. From 2000 to 2010, the portion of total expenditures covered by tuition at public institutions went from just over one-third to just over one-half, with subsidies falling accordingly. If we look at the cost of college this way, it’s unlikely that growing inefficiency is the main problem facing institutions of higher education; in fact, they are educating more students than ever and doing so at roughly the same cost per student. Nonetheless, few people expect state subsidies to rebound to their former levels. If college is to remain affordable, state institutions must seek ways to lower their cost per student so that they can keep tuition in check.

What are the prospects, then, that technology and accountability can help us rein in the rate of growth in tuition? Unfortunately, the answer isn’t clear.

Policymakers like to focus on advances in technology as a solution for the tuition crisis because a major component underlying the cost of a postsecondary education is the cost of paying the faculty. As long as the wages that faculty members could earn in other parts of the economy continue to increase, there will be upward pressure on the cost of educating students. But if we could use advanced technology to let each faculty member teach more students, we could lower the cost of a college education. However, no one wants such an increase in productivity to reduce the quality of the education that students receive. Therefore, if technology is to help us solve higher education’s quandary, it must provide education at a lower cost without lowering its quality.

We have scant evidence of whether e-learning is comparable in quality to traditional classroom instruction. However,  the best research so far suggests that in large lecture classes, at least, especially those that cover introductory material in some subjects, students learn just as well online as they do in “chalk and talk” classes. We know even less about the long-term cost of teaching in this way. On the one hand, once we pay the start-up and transition costs associated with adopting new technology and training faculty how to use it, the cost per student is likely to fall because faculty will be able to teach more students in larger classes. On the other hand, the best evidence about technology comes from its use in large lecture classes; we know much less about its effectiveness in smaller, typically more advanced courses, which are more expensive to teach by definition. We also have virtually no evidence about technology’s effectiveness in some disciplines, particularly the humanities. If technology can’t deliver the same education that students get in the classroom, what may look like a decrease in cost may actually be a decrease in quality. Thus before we know whether widespread adoption of technological tools is truly a promising approach to reducing the cost of a college education, we need more and better evidence about how these tools affect student learning, in which settings and for whom they work best, and how much they cost to implement and maintain.

Accountability

Policymakers are also talking about accountability as a way out of the postsecondary conundrum. Most public institutions receive state subsidies based on the number of students they enroll. Enrollment-based funding gives these colleges and universities a huge incentive to increase access, but far less incentive to boost completion rates and other measures of student success. On the heels of the movement to increase accountability in K-12 education, a lot of people, including President Obama, have been calling to make colleges and universities more accountable, most notably by tying some portion of state or federal funding to student completion or other measures of success—for example, how many graduates find jobs. Many states have already tried this, but the results have been disappointing (though it must be said, as Davis Jenkins and Olga Rodriguez write in the Future of Children , that much of the research on performance funding thus far has been qualitative rather than quantitative). One reason that performance funding hasn’t worked well may be that the percentage of aid that states have tied to performance has been quite low, meaning that institutions have had little to lose if they fail to meet performance targets. As a result, some reformers are calling for an even stronger connection between funding and accountability. Fair enough, and probably worth a try, but the bottom line is that we have yet to find solid evidence that tying appropriations to student success will produce the results we desire. And caution is in order: Unless such an approach is implemented and monitored carefully, it will create a perverse incentive for institutions to restrict admission to the students who are most likely to do well, thus potentially reversing the gains in access that we’ve worked so hard to achieve.

Despite the caveats I’ve presented here, I believe that both technology and accountability have their place in any effort to solve the postsecondary conundrum.

In the case of new technological tools to expand teaching productivity, we need to carefully study their effect on student learning, institutional stability, educational quality, and cost. It’s going to take some tinkering to build new models of technology-supported teaching that work as well as or better than a traditional classroom education, and we should not hesitate either to try promising approaches or to abandon those that fail to make the grade.

When it comes to imposing stronger accountability, we need comprehensive data systems and other ways to gather information that will give us a clearer, more scientifically sound picture of institutional performance than do the rough measures we use now, such as completion rates. Furthermore, measures of quality should never be the only criteria through which we reward or punish postsecondary institutions, not only because expanding access must remain a priority, but also because it is extremely unlikely that we will ever be able to capture all of postsecondary education’s beneficial outcomes through large-scale data. 

In the end, however, technology and accountability alone will not solve the postsecondary conundrum. As tuition costs rise, parents and prospective students are starting to question the value of the postsecondary institutions they’re considering, seeking better information about quality and completion rates, and making decisions based on hard financial realities. This kind of pressure from prospective students and their families is likely to be the most effective incentive of all.

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Post-Secondary Education: The Educational Beyond High School

Post-secondary education emerges as a transformative phase, beckoning individuals to explore a vast array of opportunities beyond the confines of high school. Understanding the intricacies of post-secondary education, delving into its varied applications, exploring concrete examples, and unraveling the terminologies associated with this educational realm can significantly empower individuals as they embark on this enriching journey.

Defining the Essence of Post-Secondary Education

It is also commonly referred to as tertiary or higher education and is a broad term encapsulating diverse learning experiences that follow the completion of secondary schooling. It signifies a pivotal shift from the generalized nature of high school education to a more specialized and in-depth exploration of academic and professional interests. This phase lays the foundation for advanced knowledge acquisition, skill development, and the pursuit of specialized qualifications that extend beyond the parameters of secondary education.

Examples Illuminating the Diversity of Post-Secondary Education:

1. universities and colleges.

The traditional pursuit of a bachelor’s degree remains one of the most prevalent paths in post-secondary education. Universities and colleges offer extensive programs spanning an array of disciplines, providing students with the opportunity to specialize in subjects aligned with their passions and career aspirations.

2. Community Colleges

Serving as accessible gateways to higher education, community colleges offer two-year associate degree programs. These programs often act as stepping stones for individuals intending to transition to a four-year university, providing a cost-effective and flexible alternative.

3. Vocational and Technical Schools

For those inclined towards hands-on learning and specific vocational training, vocational and technical schools present tailored programs in trades, technology, healthcare, and other specialized fields. These institutions prioritize practical skill development, preparing students for direct entry into the workforce.

4. Professional Certifications

Acknowledging the evolving landscape of professions, this education also includes avenues for acquiring professional certifications. These certifications validate expertise in specific areas, enhancing an individual’s employability and professional credibility.

5. Online Learning Platforms

The digital revolution has ushered in an era of flexibility and accessibility through online learning platforms. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and digital certifications provide learners worldwide with the opportunity to engage in post-secondary education without geographical constraints.

Applications:

1. career advancement.

One of the primary applications of this education lies in the realm of career advancement . Many professions demand specialized knowledge and skills that can be acquired through higher education, positioning individuals for advanced and fulfilling career opportunities.

2. Skill Development

Post-secondary education, whether through traditional degree programs or vocational training, places a strong emphasis on skill development. These acquired skills enhance an individual’s competitiveness in the dynamic job market, contributing to professional success.

3. Research and Innovation

Universities, as key players in post-secondary, contribute significantly to research and innovation. The pursuit of advanced degrees fosters an environment of inquiry, critical thinking, and discovery, resulting in advancements across diverse fields.

4. Personal Growth

Beyond the academic and professional realms, post-secondary education fosters personal growth. It encourages critical thinking, independence, and a broader understanding of the world, shaping individuals into well-rounded contributors to society.

Terminologies: Navigating the Lexicon of Higher Education:

• Undergraduate: Refers to students pursuing their first degree, typically a bachelor’s degree.

• Graduate: Encompasses students pursuing advanced degrees beyond the undergraduate level, such as master’s or doctoral degrees.
• Degree Programs: Structured courses of study leading to academic degrees. Common types include Associate, Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate.
• Semester/Quarter: Academic terms during which courses are offered, with varying lengths of duration.
• Major/Minor: The primary subject of study (major) and secondary area of focus (minor) within a degree program.
• Alumni: Individuals who have graduated from a particular institution, forming a network of former students.

The Decision-Making Process:

Embarking on the journey of post-secondary education necessitates thoughtful consideration of various factors:

• Career Goals: Identifying career paths aligned with personal interests and aspirations is crucial. Certain professions may require specific degrees or certifications.

• Learning Preferences: Considering the preferred learning environment—be it a traditional campus, online platform, or hands-on vocational training—helps match individual learning styles.
• Financial Planning: Evaluating the cost of education, potential financial aid options, and the return on investment in terms of future career opportunities aids in informed decision-making.
• Researching Institutions: Exploring institutions that offer programs aligned with career goals involves considerations such as faculty reputation, available resources, and industry connections.
• Personal Development: Reflecting on how post-secondary education can contribute not only to professional growth but also to personal development and fulfillment is paramount.

Post-secondary education unveils a dynamic and multifaceted landscape, offering diverse avenues for individuals to explore and excel. Whether pursuing a traditional degree, vocational training, or digital certifications, the journey beyond high school holds transformative potential. Informed decision-making, alignment with personal goals, and a commitment to lifelong learning are pivotal in navigating the intricate terrain of post-secondary education, ensuring a fulfilling and impactful educational journey.

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This is used to describe any type of education occurring after high school/secondary school. While post-secondary education isn’t mandatory, it offers added advantages because it helps students get additional education and develop various skills, which may increase their chances of securing higher-level employment. Students should also consider the salary difference. A significant percentage of high school graduates choose to receive post-secondary education because the mean annual salary of a college graduate is far better than that of a high school graduate.

Students planning to receive post-secondary education can choose from different types of post-secondary education institutions.

Colleges and universities: These are the two most sought-after choices for post-secondary education. Some students attend post-secondary education institutions, such as business schools and graduate schools, to earn a master’s degree that gives them a leg-up in the competitive job market. While colleges and universities are usually the most expensive forms of post-secondary education, several grants and scholarship programs are available that can help ease students’ financial burden.

Community colleges: By attending community colleges, students can earn an associate degree after two years. Some community colleges also offer vocational courses and non-degree certificates. Apart from academic classes, these colleges offer various programs for the community. It’s important to understand that community colleges take just two years to award an associate degree because they only offer general education courses that all college students must take. In four-year colleges and universities, students spend the first two years meeting the general education requirements and the next two years taking specialized classes depending on their majors.

Vocational schools: These schools teach students the technical sides of certain skills or crafts of a particular job. Unlike colleges that provide students with academic training to pursue careers in specific professional disciplines, vocational schools provide job-specific training where certain skills are prioritized over academic learning. While there’re many different types of vocational courses available, not all vocational schools provide all kinds of vocational courses. By completing any of these courses, a student receives a certificate that demonstrates they are trained for the skill of their choice. Students may also earn multiple certificates for multiple courses if they think it’ll give them a further advantage.

Apart from these, some students may choose to receive non-degree post-secondary education. Non-degree students are individuals who may be interested in learning a certain field and want to pursue academic interests but don’t want to earn a degree. By completing such a program, students can earn a certificate of completion instead of an associate’s degree.

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College & Careers

Postsecondary education should be a right for all

Lia Izenberg

May 6, 2021.

The pandemic is exacerbating an already wide chasm in opportunity and access to higher education in the Bay Area — and across the United States.

Before the pandemic, only 22% of students from low-income communities nationally earned a postsecondary degree, compared to 67% of their peers from high-income areas.

In the nine-county Bay Area, for adults age 25 and older, only 29% of Black and 22% of Latino people hold bachelor’s degrees compared with 60% of their white peers.

That was before the pandemic, and now it seems that even fewer California students are taking the steps to enroll in college during the coming year, and possibly beyond. According to a  recent EdSource article , college financial aid applications from students under 18 are considerably down compared to prior years, with just 314,855 students under age 18 submitting an application (27,522 fewer than in 2020) as of February 15.

One core issue contributing to this degree divide is the lack of access to high-quality college counseling for students, particularly those in low-income communities. Chronic low spending on counselors has led to extremely high counselor-to-student ratios.

In 2011, high school students received an average of only 38 minutes of college advising in their high school career. Since then, some districts that have invested in more counselors have seen improvement in college-going rates as a result, but these investments require tough trade-offs and are harder to make for lower-income districts that tend to have smaller budgets. California is 21st in the nation in per-pupil spending despite its high cost of living, which means districts have to make their dollars stretch farther.

In affluent communities, accessing support to plan postsecondary education isn’t a question — it’s a given. There, well-resourced high schools typically have robust college counseling programs, parents hire private college coaches or students already know what colleges they want to apply to and how to do so.

At this moment when the nation is paying more attention to deeply rooted inequities, we have an opportunity to reimagine what effective preparation for a postsecondary education can look like. We should focus on investing in postsecondary access and success in school districts that have not historically had the resources or vision to do so for every child . Postsecondary education should be the baseline expectation for all students.

This means systematically ensuring that every child, regardless of apparent interest, has access to a high-quality curriculum, advising, mentoring and data that help them make informed decisions about their futures and to apply, enroll and matriculate to a postsecondary institution.

There are many nonprofit and community-based programs that are working toward this goal; 10,000 Degrees and Destination College Advising Corps , for example, both do their work embedded within school buildings, and organizations like the Northern California College Promise Coalition are working to build momentum toward our shared goal of postsecondary success for all.

At OneGoal , the organization I head in the Bay Area, we offer a three-year program that starts as a G-Elective — one of the requirements for entry to the University of California and California State systems — during junior year, and continues through senior year and the first year of post-secondary education.

One of the students who participated in the course was Jorge Ramirez, now a freshman at Sacramento State. He told us that before knowing what his options were, he did not plan to go to college because he wasn’t motivated to enroll, and, more important, he didn’t see how he would find the funds to do so.

After he enrolled in the course in 2018, he learned about the FAFSA , a form to apply for college financial aid from the federal government, and the entire college application process. While he originally wanted to study engineering in college, he discovered his passion once in school and is now working on getting his bachelor’s degree with the goal of becoming a social worker.

Our experience suggests that by embedding postsecondary planning into the school day, along with equipping educators to act as mentors and supporters to students’ journeys, students like Jorge can have an equitable opportunity to attain their postsecondary aspirations.

But reversing chronic divestment requires systematic in vestment. We must take action now. That will require parents and community members backing and supporting school board members who place a high priority on postsecondary attainment.

It will also require looking closely at their school or district’s strategies for promoting postsecondary success, and advocating for plans that provide all children with support to pursue higher education.

As we’ve seen so clearly over the last year, the people’s voice matters. I hope that people all around the country will rise up to demand that postsecondary preparation be integrated into all schools as a matter of equity, and look forward to the day when a postsecondary degree or credential is a right for all.

Lia Izenberg is the executive director of OneGoal Bay Area .

The opinions in this commentary are those of the author. If you would like to submit a commentary, please review our  guidelines  and  contact us .

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Daphne 3 years ago 3 years ago

As a high school teacher I have told my students that if I were graduating high school now, I would not go to 4 year college. It is not a guarantee to a good job anymore. Trade school and job experience are better investments, as is military service.

Robert Jaurequi 3 years ago 3 years ago

Excellent article!!!

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What is a Post-Secondary Degree, and Do I Need One?

Quick Degree Finder

Part of the American dream has always been to send your children to college so they could obtain their degree. Despite a struggling economy, the last decade has seen record numbers of people seeking higher education. In 2019 alone, nearly 20 million Americans enrolled in colleges and universities to receive their degree, and experts are expecting this number to increase over the coming years .

And it’s not just wealthy families that are sending their kids to college. Recent surveys have found more low- and middle-income families are making higher education a priority.

If you have been wondering about getting a post-secondary degree – what it was exactly and if it was something that could help you earn more – be sure to read this entire article , because I’m going to share absolutely everything you need to know about post-secondary degrees.

Let’s get started!

What is a Post-Secondary Degree?

To keep things simple, a post-secondary degree is one that a person can obtain once they’ve received their high school diploma or GED. Post-secondary degrees may come from a community college, vocational school, an undergraduate college or a university.

These degrees show prospective employers that you have taken the time to receive specialized skills and knowledge. Beyond helping you stand out from other candidates come hiring time, post-secondary degrees can help you earn more – and in some cases – quite a bit more!

Types of Post-Secondary Degrees

As I mentioned, a post-secondary degree lets prospective employers know you have obtained specialized skills and information. But there are different types – or levels – of post-secondary degrees, and each one connotes a different level of expertise.

Associates Degree

Associates degrees are typically obtained in two years at either a community college or vocational/technical school. These degrees offer students a higher understanding of different professional settings and prepares them for entry-level work.

An associates degree can also be counted as the first two years of a 4-year bachelor’s degree. Many students, particularly adult students, will obtain their associates degree in order to get their foot in the door of their chosen field. Later, they can use this degree to jumpstart their next leg of education and obtain their bachelor’s degree, which will provide further employment and earnings opportunities.

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Bachelor’s Degree

When we hear the term “college degree,” most people think of the classic 4-year bachelor’s degree. This is the most popular post-secondary degree people earn.

Bachelor’s programs provide a more holistic educational experience because they not only teach employable skills, but also academic subjects that help sharpen the students’ critical thinking skills.

While it typically takes students four years to earn a bachelor’s degree, it can sometimes take six or even eight years to complete. This is usually due to financial reasons, however. If you’re interested in obtaining a bachelor’s degree, be sure to read this article all the way to the end because I’m going to share how you can earn your bachelor’s degree for less money and even cut your time in half!

Master’s Degree

Once you have obtained your bachelor’s degree you may choose to go on and pursue a master’s degree. These programs allow students to gain even more expertise around a particular field of study. Depending on the program, master’s degrees typically take an additional two to three years to complete. Once obtained, these degrees can help you advance your career into management roles and earn much higher salaries.

Obtaining a doctorate degree is the highest academic achievement a person can attain. Holders of Ph.Ds. are usually in top positions in their field and earn much more. How much? Keep reading, I’m about to let you in on some salary secrets !

The Benefits of a Post-Secondary Education

At this point you hopefully understand what a post-secondary degree is. But you may still be wondering if obtaining one of these degrees is worth the time and cost.

The following are just some of the benefits of earning a post-secondary degree.

Higher income

I have been alluding to the fact that obtaining a higher degree usually leads to greater earning potential. According to a  new report  from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce (CEW), those who have obtained their post-secondary degree can expect to earn quite a bit more than those with only a high school diploma.

Of course, when it comes to earning potential, other factors come into play, such as field of study, occupation and location of your employment. So for instance, someone with a master’s of fine art degree may not earn as much as an engineer with only a bachelor’s degree.

Having said that, surveys taken over the years, including this recent one, have found certain generalized statements, such as those with even an associates degree can expect to earn 20% more than those with a high school diploma or GED.

Those with bachelor’s degrees can expect to earn between 35% and 85% more than those with only a high school diploma, while those with master’s degrees and Ph.Ds. can earn between 85% and 100% more than those with only a high school diploma.

So, if you are someone who is looking to advance your career and start earning more, getting a post-secondary degree makes a lot of sense!

Better Employee Benefits

You may not know this, but jobs that require you to have a bachelor’s degree or higher typically offer better job benefits. For instance, you may find your employer offers healthcare coverage, retirement plans, paid time off and other awesome perks.

More Career Options

It’s simple really: the higher you go with your education, the more career opportunities are available to you. While someone with an associates degree will be able to seek entry-level employment, someone with a master’s degree or Ph. D. will fill the highest positions and earn the highest salary.

Having said that, I want to make it clear that master’s degrees and Ph. Ds. are not necessary to have a rewarding and lucrative career. Many people have the career of their dreams and earn a great salary by earning a bachelor’s degree.

Job Security

If you’ve been in the job market over the last decade, you know that when the economy struggles, employers need to make cuts. Without question, those employees who have the most skills and expertise offer the most value to their employers and therefor have greater job security.

Job Satisfaction

We spend eight hours a day (or more) five days a week (or more) at our jobs. That’s a lot of time dedicated to something you may not like doing. Life just feels better when we love our work. Often, the careers that bring those most meaning and purpose into our lives, such as those in healthcare, science or education, require a post-secondary degree.

This isn’t by any means an exhaustive list of benefits, but these give you an idea of why you may seriously want to consider obtaining your post-secondary degree.

Cons of a Post-Secondary Education

Of course, to decide if a post-secondary education is right for you, you’ll also want to take into consideration a couple of cons, namely:

• It’s Expensive!

Obtaining a college degree is a definite financial commitment. And when you hear about students graduating with a mountain of student loan debt, it can stop you from following your dreams.

There are other common ways to pay for college such as applying for grants and scholarships. Unfortunately, what many students don’t realize is, this endeavor often takes a lot of time with no real payoff. There are only so many grants and scholarships to go around, and so most people will waste hours applying and never see any financial help.

Fear not – there is a simple way to save money toward the cost of college tuition, and I’m about to share that with you in just a moment.

Traditional College Degrees are Hard to Obtain for Adult Students

If you’re a working adult with family responsibilities, it can be next to impossible for you to put your life on hold so that you can move to another state to attend college for four years! Even attempting to take evening classes at your local community college can be a challenge when you have a growing family.

Without question, these two cons are why so many adults give up their pursuit of higher education. And that’s too bad because as we’ve seen, earning a post-secondary degree can be life changing!

Well, the good news is, there is any easy fix for these two problems. Earn your post-secondary degree online!

Can I Really Earn My Post-Secondary Degree Online?

Yes, you really can. In fact, according to one recent article in US News, over 6 million students have found earning their college degree online to be the fastest and easiest way to do it!

Here are some of the main benefits of earning your post-secondary degree online:

It’s More Affordable

Traditional college tuition can cost tens of thousands of dollars. It’s getting harder and harder for the average person to be able to afford this.

An online education, on the other hand, costs just a fraction of a typical education. You see, a physical brick and mortar school has a lot of operating expenses, and those expenses get passed onto you, the student.

Online degrees don’t have these same operating expenses and so you can save a ton. In addition, OnlineDegree.com can help you find even better ways to save. We’ve partnered with accredited colleges and universities across the country that not only offer online courses, they also offer upfront tuition discounts.

And as if that isn’t incredible enough, OnlineDegrees.com offers our students FREE classes for credit. You read that right! Take as many FREE classes as you’d like, then apply those later toward your degree. We’ll connect you with those programs that will accept these credits, thereby saving you EVEN MORE money and helping you earn your degree in far less time!

Hey there win/win!

If you’re a working adult raising a young family, you’ll be happy to know that earning your degree online offers a lot of necessary flexibility. Real life can often get in the way of your evening or weekend classes. Your boss may ask you to stay late, or your kid may get sick.

When you earn your degree online, you study when and where is most convenient for YOU. Set your own schedule and never have to worry about missing work or an important family event ever again!

Adult Friendly

Many institutions that offer online degree programs go out of their way to be adult friendly . This means in addition to being more flexible and affordable, these programs also do things like waive the need to submit SAT or ACT scores and also have open admissions. With open admissions, you can sign up for a post-secondary degree 24/7 365. You DON’T have to try and get your application package in by a specific date like most traditional colleges require.

Are You Ready to Get Started with Your Post-Secondary Degree?

I hope this article has answered any questions you may have had about post-secondary degrees. Without question, earning a post-secondary degree can help you build a rewarding career that offers numerous opportunities and a great salary.

And now you know you can earn this degree online far faster and more affordably than you ever thought possible!

OnlineDegree.com is 100% free for you to use . We provide you the tools to meet your education goals so you can learn your way to a more satisfying and prosperous life. By using our Smartplan , you can easily find ways to save time and money in just a few mouse clicks.

Our Smartplan will help you find:

• FREE courses you can take for credit
• Available tuition discounts
• Schools that are “adult friendly” and offer flexible enrollments and course schedules
• Schools that don’t require SAT or ACT scores
• And much more!

It only takes two minutes to sign up and get started on your journey toward earning your post-secondary degree and a brighter future .

What are you waiting for? Get started today .

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About the author, grant aldrich.

Post-Secondary Degrees: What They Are and Why They’re Valuable

• By Emily Summers
• February 17, 2020

The past 10 years was a banner decade for higher education, with the U.S. seeing its highest number of enrolled students to date: in 2019 alone, almost 20 million Americans entered various colleges and universities both in the country and around the world. In fact, experts are expecting this number to get even higher, thanks to more accessible tertiary educational institutions and further interest in academics.

It’s not just the wealthy either: a study shows that more and more low-income and mid-income families are starting to send their kids to college to attain something higher than a high school degree , an option that wasn’t available before to this demographic.

But why is getting a post-secondary degree so popular? Well, according to studies, many people opt to go for higher education after high school for one simple reason: they believe that a post-secondary degree will open up job opportunities for them, ideally something that’s above rank-and-file positions in companies. And it makes sense: roughly 75% of professional positions (with managerial roles and higher) require a minimum of a bachelor’s degree to apply.

What is a Post-Secondary Degree?

Associates degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s degree.

Basically, a post-secondary degree in any kind of educational degree that a person can attain when attending a tertiary educational institution, whether it’s a community college, a vocational/technical school, an undergraduate college, or a university. A post-secondary degree is meant to show employers that you have mastered a certain set of academic and practical skills that make you very valuable to the workforce.

Different types of post-secondary degrees are awarded by different types of institutions: associate’s degrees are usually awarded institutions that offer two-year programs (usually public colleges and/or community colleges), while bachelor’s degrees are often awarded by schools offering four-year programs or higher (usually colleges and universities). Higher degrees, like Master’s and Ph.D’s, are usually granted by private institutions, either specialized graduate schools, research institutions, or private universities.

Beyond an AB Degree , post-secondary degrees come in many shapes and sizes, each of which also carrying different connotations of skill and added value. Even a “basic” post-secondary degree like the Associate’s Degree can bump up a person’s salary by up to 20% , with bachelor’s degree holders earning an extra 66% or more depending on their major and the school they graduated from.

But the pinnacle of academic achievement, of course, is the coveted Ph.D. Having these 3 letters beside your name can earn you, on average, an extra 33% more than Bachelor’s degree, or even Master’s degree, holders.

Types of Post-Secondary Degrees

Depending on your field of study, post-secondary programs usually grant around four or five post-secondary degrees, each one with connoting a different level of expertise about a particular subject. Associate’s programs, which usually lead to an Associate’s Degree, are the shortest programs a student can take. Bachelor’s programs, on the other hand, usually take anywhere between three to five years to complete, again depending on your field of study.

Meanwhile, graduate degrees take longer and are usually more expensive, with professional degrees available to career doctors or lawyers. Ph.D’s, on the other hand, are usually granted to researchers, career academics, and scientists. As for how long it takes to get a doctoral degree, it depends entirely on the student: generally, a Ph.D. student takes around 8 years to complete the program, due to research burdens and other factors.

An Sc.D, on the other hand, is usually granted to students in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) field, and is comparable in both level of difficulty, length of program, and prestige as a Ph.D. (although this is quite different in Europe, where an Sc.D is considered higher than a Ph.D.).

Most Associate’s Degrees are usually awarded to students after attending an education program that has a focus on occupational or professional advancement. These degrees are usually geared towards providing people with a higher understanding of professional settings and prepares them for employment in managerial (or higher) roles, or highly specialized occupation. Usually, an Associate’s Degree is granted after a two-year program, although some degrees can take up to four years to fully complete.

In general, most Associate’s Degree holders come from the business or nursing professions, as most Associate’s Degree programs focus entirely on preparing their students for their chosen occupation (sometimes at the cost of foregoing other academic subjects). However, more academically-inclined students usually use their Associate’s Degree for their Bachelor’s Degree program, cutting the latter’s completion time in half (as most of the freshman and sophomore courses in the Bachelor’s program would have been completed during a student’s time in the Associate’s Degree program).

The most popular, and well-known, post-secondary degree out there, a Bachelor’s Degree holder earns a whopping 84% more than people who only hold a high-school diploma (or General Educational Development diplomas). Bachelor’s Degrees are usually granted after completing a four-year program, however, many students take around six, even eight, years to complete, either due to a lack of interest or because of financial reasons.

Bachelor’s Degree programs are usually built around a more holistic educational experience for students, teaching them not just employable skills, but also academic subjects designed to unlock their critical thinking skills.

Advanced Degrees

Advanced degrees refer to post-secondary degrees that are attained even beyond tertiary education. These degrees are meant to be pursued after a Bachelor’s Degree and are meant for career professionals or academics. It usually takes around 3 to 8 years to finish an advanced degree, depending on the program and the field of study.

Master’s Degrees are usually pursued by students who wish to perform at an even higher function at a specific subject. Master’s Degrees usually require the applicant to already hold a Bachelor’s Degree and is required to further a particular field of study within their chosen expertise. Depending on the program, a Master’s Degree can take around two to three years to complete, although some colleges offer combined Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree programs that take 5 years total to complete.

Ph.D. refers to Doctor of Philosophy, while Sc.D refers to Doctor of Science. In the United States, both degrees are considered of equal quality, with the latter usually conferred to students completing a STEM program. In Europe, however, Sc.D’s are usually considered much higher than Ph.D’s, with Sc.D holders usually attaining this degree only after a lifetime’s worth of research.

Getting a doctorate is the highest possible academic achievement a person can attain, and Ph.D. holders in the country earn more than 100% more than people who hold a high school diploma or equivalent. Doctoral degree holders are almost always at top positions in their field.

About the Author

Emily summers.

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Post Secondary Education: Meaning Explained in Terms of India and Abroad

• Updated on  
• Apr 5, 2024

Post-secondary education refers to the academic period after secondary education. It includes colleges, universities and vocational schools. Post-secondary education is becoming increasingly important in both India and abroad, as countries strive to stay competitive in the global economy. To Know more about Post-secondary education meaning in India and Abroad, and much more, Keep Reading!

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Table of Contents

• 1 Post Secondary Education in India 
• 2 Post Secondary Education Abroad 
• 3 India vs Abroad: Basic Comparison
• 4 Secondary vs Post-Secondary Education
• 5 FAQs 

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Post Secondary Education in India 

In India, post-secondary education is seen as a vital part of the educational system. Students who complete secondary school are expected to pursue higher education to increase their chances of finding well-paying jobs.

Many countries offer generous scholarships and grants to students who wish to pursue post-secondary education. This has made it easier for students from around the world to study in foreign countries and gain valuable experience.

Post-secondary education meaning in India is a level of education that follows the completion of secondary education, usually of a college or university level. It is an important step towards a successful career and can open doors to a wide range of opportunities.

Here are some reasons why post-secondary education is considered so important in India:

• Post-secondary education in India is highly valued and offers students a chance to gain professional and academic qualifications.
• It also provides students with the necessary skills and knowledge they need to succeed in the job market.
• Post-secondary education in India is often a requirement for entry into certain jobs, and it is also essential for students who wish to pursue higher education.
• It is an important part of India’s education system and is highly regarded by employers.

Also Read: Importance of Education in India

Post Secondary Education Abroad 

Post-secondary education meaning abroad is slightly different from India. Abroad, it is an increasingly popular option for students who wish to pursue their academic goals in a new and exciting environment. This type of education allows students to gain international experience while also completing their studies.

Post-secondary education abroad can take many forms, including studying at a university, college, or technical school in a foreign country. Students who choose to pursue post-secondary education abroad have the opportunity to learn about different cultures, explore new ways of thinking, and gain an understanding of global perspectives.

The benefits of pursuing post-secondary education abroad are numerous. Some of them are listed below:

• From gaining a new language to developing strong relationships with peers from other countries, students benefit from the cultural immersion that comes with living in a foreign country.
• In addition, post-secondary education abroad allows students to broaden their academic horizons. With a variety of courses and programs available, students can learn about different fields and disciplines, as well as gain skills applicable to their areas of study.
• Furthermore, studying abroad often results in a unique and eye-opening experience, which can serve as a valuable asset in the future.
• Post-secondary education abroad can also provide students with the opportunity to gain valuable work experience. Working abroad allows students to gain an understanding of how different countries operate and gain invaluable work experience.
• Additionally, students may find that working abroad provides them with a greater appreciation of their home country and the cultural differences between countries.

Post-secondary education abroad can also be an extremely rewarding experience. Students who choose to study abroad have the opportunity to gain international experience, learn about different cultures, and gain an understanding of global perspectives. In addition, students can also benefit from networking and connecting with peers from different countries, which can open up job opportunities in the future.

Also Read: How to Plan Your Tertiary Education

India vs Abroad: Basic Comparison

Post-secondary education is a crucial stepping stone for a successful career. It is the stage after high school and before a professional career. It encompasses a wide range of educational opportunities, including traditional college and university options, as well as more specialized programs such as trade and technical schools, vocational colleges, and community colleges .

In India, post-secondary education is mainly provided by universities and colleges.

The main types of post-secondary education in India include undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, diplomas, and certificates.

• At the undergraduate level, students can pursue a bachelor’s degree, which typically takes three or four years to complete.
• Postgraduate degrees involve advanced study and research and typically take two or more years to complete.
• Diploma courses are shorter and involve specialized training in a particular field.
• Certificate courses are even shorter and involve basic training in a particular field.

In addition to traditional post-secondary education, India also offers a range of vocational and technical programs. These include courses in engineering, technology, and business, as well as courses in specialized fields such as film and television , hotel management , and animation .

The post-secondary education system in India is highly competitive. Admission is based on merit and is usually determined by entrance tests and/or interviews. Many universities also offer scholarships and other financial aid to students.

Post-secondary education abroad is even more varied. Depending on the country, students can pursue a wide range of degree, diploma, and certificate programs. The most popular destinations for post-secondary education abroad include

• United States,
• United Kingdom,
• Australia , and
• New Zealand .

Each of these countries offers its unique educational system and opportunities.

No matter where you choose to pursue post-secondary education, it is important to research and understand the different types of programs and requirements. Doing so will help you make an informed decision about which program best suits your needs and goals.

Also Read: Modern Education: A Significant Leap Forward

Secondary vs Post-Secondary Education

Secondary education is more generally referred to as high school, but it can also apply to individuals who have completed their GED (General Education Development) tests or any similar around the world. Unlike post-secondary education, pupils are forced to attend secondary school (at least until the age of 18 when they can opt-out).

Many people choose to drop out (approximately 527,000 from October 2017 to October 2018). While they can find work (approximately 47.2 percent of them), they cannot attend post-secondary education unless they complete high school or earn a secondary education diploma.

While there are jobs available for those who did not complete secondary school or who completed high school but did not pursue post-secondary education, this closes some doors for them. For example, if you want to be a doctor, you cannot join medical school until you have earned a Bachelor’s degree by enrolling in a four-year college pre-med program . So, even if you excelled in high school biology, no medical school will admit a student without a bachelor’s degree.

Ans: Post-secondary education is any educational program beyond the secondary level of education, such as a college, university, or trade school. It can also include certifications and other specialized training programs.

Ans: Post-secondary education in India is typically more focused on academic and theoretical learning, while post-secondary education abroad often offers more practical and hands-on experiences. Additionally, the cost of post-secondary education in India is typically much lower than it is in other countries.

Ans: Post-secondary education can provide students with the opportunity to gain specialized knowledge and skills that are useful in the workplace. It can also provide a pathway to higher-level jobs and greater earning potential. Additionally, post-secondary education can provide students with a greater understanding of the world around them, as well as the opportunity to develop important life skills such as communication, collaboration and problem-solving.

Related Reads

We hope this blog helped you understand post-secondary education’s meaning in India and Abroad and draw a comparison between the two. For more information on such interesting topics, visit our School Education page and follow Leverage Edu.

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Education in Canada: Post-secondary

Table of contents, on this page.

• Universities
• Colleges and institutes
• Educational credential recognition
• Financial help

Registered Education Savings Plans

Part-time and distance education.

• Government ministries in charge of post-secondary education by province and territory

Types of post-secondary schools

In Canada, there are 3 different types of post-secondary schools

• universities

At most post-secondary schools, the school year is divided into 2 main terms and an optional summer term.

• Term 1: September to December
• Term 2: January to April
• Optional summer term: May to August

Each province and territory makes sure each school and its programs meet a certain set of standards. Schools aren’t officially recognized until they’re certified.

A recognized school can grant

• certificates
• other qualifications

If you’re not sure if a school is officially recognized, contact your ministry or department of post-secondary education.

The Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials (CICIC) also maintains a directory of recognized schools in Canada.

Study at a university

Universities offer programs on a wide range of topics at different levels of difficulty and complexity. When you successfully complete a university program, you’re awarded with a university degree that reflects the type of program you completed. There are 3 types of degrees.

• Bachelor’s degree : This is the simplest degree offered by Canadian universities. It typically takes 3 to 4 years to complete.
• Master’s degree : This is a more advanced degree that usually takes 1 to 3 extra years of study after you get a bachelor’s degree.
• Doctoral degree : This is the most advanced degree offered by Canadian universities. It can take another 3 to 4 more years of study and research following a master’s degree.

In regulated professions, students must complete an internship or pass a standardized test (or series of tests) after getting the degree. You can’t work in these professions until you get the degree and pass the tests. Regulated professions include

Get help choosing a program

Universitystudy.ca can help you plan for your education. Learn about

• universities in Canada
• programs of study
• how to choose a program
• application and admission requirements
• financial planning information

Study at a college or institute

There are many types of colleges and institutes recognized by provinces and territories, including

• community colleges
• colleges of applied arts or applied technology
• institutes of technology or science
• collèges d’enseignement général et professionnel (CEGEPs) in Quebec
• career colleges

More about “career colleges”

These institutions are privately owned and run. They offer programs that focus on specific careers like

• personal support workers
• early childcare assistants
• estheticians

While they’re reviewed and recognized by the provinces and territories, they’re not publically funded. They’re entirely funded through tuition fees.

Learn more about regulated career colleges.

Colleges and institutes usually offer shorter programs than universities (1 to 3 years). Instead of degrees, they issue diplomas and certificates that qualify graduates to do specific jobs in different industries.

These industries can include

• computer and mechanical technologies
• health care
• social services
• agriculture
• trades (such as carpentry, electrical or plumbing)

Many colleges are also starting to offer bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees in certain industries.

Find out more about the available degrees .

Get your educational credentials recognized

To study at post-secondary school in Canada, you need to have your existing level of education assessed. The assessment verifies your foreign degree, diploma or certificate (or other proof of your credential) is valid and equal to a Canadian one.

Contact the post-secondary schools you are interested in to find out what kind of educational assessment they accept.

The costs of post-secondary education

All post-secondary schools charge tuition fees for their programs. For Canadian citizens and permanent residents, tuition fees are between $2,500 and $11,400 a year, depending on the school and program you’ve chosen. Tuition fees can be much higher for international students.

Students will also have to pay for

• course materials, like textbooks and supplies
• transportation
• other expenses

Many students depend on financial support programs to help them cover these costs.

Get financial help

The federal and provincial/territorial governments all have programs that provide low-cost loans, grants and scholarships for students.

There are 2 main types of financial help for students:

• Student loans from a bank or the federal government: These need to be repaid according to the terms of the loan.
• Grants, scholarships or bursaries, which you don’t have to repay.

You can get information from

• National Student Loans Service Centre
• The university or college you plan to attend

Student financial help by province and territory

• British Columbia
• New Brunswick
• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Northwest Territories
• Nova Scotia
• Prince Edward Island
• Saskatchewan

A  Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP) is a tax-free education savings account that lets parents, family members and friends save money for a child’s post-secondary education.

When you open an RESP account, the Government of Canada will help you save by adding money to your RESP through special programs. This encourages people to save more money for their child’s education.

These programs include

• Canada Education Savings Grants (for children aged 17 or younger)
• Canada Learning Bonds  (for children aged 15 or younger)

Find out how to open an RESP account

Many post-secondary schools offer part-time programs and distance education . These programs can help you get an education if you have limited time or can’t attend the school in person.

Contact schools directly to learn about their part-time study and distance education options.

Ministries of post-secondary education

• Alberta Innovation and Advanced Education
• British Columbia Ministry of Advanced Education
• Manitoba Advanced Education
• New Brunswick Ministry of Post-Secondary Education, Training and Labour
• Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Advanced Education, Skills and Labour
• Northwest Territories Ministry of Education, Culture and Employment
• Nova Scotia Department of Education
• Nunavut Department of Education
• Ontario Ministry of Advanced Education and Skills Development
• Prince Edward Island Department of Workforce and Advanced Learning
• Quebec – Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur
• Saskatchewan—Ministry of Advanced Education
• Yukon Department of Education

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FTC Announces Rule Banning Noncompetes

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Today, the Federal Trade Commission issued a final rule to promote competition by banning noncompetes nationwide, protecting the fundamental freedom of workers to change jobs, increasing innovation, and fostering new business formation.

“Noncompete clauses keep wages low, suppress new ideas, and rob the American economy of dynamism, including from the more than 8,500 new startups that would be created a year once noncompetes are banned,” said FTC Chair Lina M. Khan. “The FTC’s final rule to ban noncompetes will ensure Americans have the freedom to pursue a new job, start a new business, or bring a new idea to market.”

The FTC estimates that the final rule banning noncompetes will lead to new business formation growing by 2.7% per year, resulting in more than 8,500 additional new businesses created each year. The final rule is expected to result in higher earnings for workers, with estimated earnings increasing for the average worker by an additional $524 per year, and it is expected to lower health care costs by up to $194 billion over the next decade. In addition, the final rule is expected to help drive innovation, leading to an estimated average increase of 17,000 to 29,000 more patents each year for the next 10 years under the final rule.

Noncompetes are a widespread and often exploitative practice imposing contractual conditions that prevent workers from taking a new job or starting a new business. Noncompetes often force workers to either stay in a job they want to leave or bear other significant harms and costs, such as being forced to switch to a lower-paying field, being forced to relocate, being forced to leave the workforce altogether, or being forced to defend against expensive litigation. An estimated 30 million workers—nearly one in five Americans—are subject to a noncompete.

Under the FTC’s new rule, existing noncompetes for the vast majority of workers will no longer be enforceable after the rule’s effective date. Existing noncompetes for senior executives - who represent less than 0.75% of workers - can remain in force under the FTC’s final rule, but employers are banned from entering into or attempting to enforce any new noncompetes, even if they involve senior executives. Employers will be required to provide notice to workers other than senior executives who are bound by an existing noncompete that they will not be enforcing any noncompetes against them.

In January 2023, the FTC issued a  proposed rule which was subject to a 90-day public comment period. The FTC received more than 26,000 comments on the proposed rule, with over 25,000 comments in support of the FTC’s proposed ban on noncompetes. The comments informed the FTC’s final rulemaking process, with the FTC carefully reviewing each comment and making changes to the proposed rule in response to the public’s feedback.

In the final rule, the Commission has determined that it is an unfair method of competition, and therefore a violation of Section 5 of the FTC Act, for employers to enter into noncompetes with workers and to enforce certain noncompetes.

The Commission found that noncompetes tend to negatively affect competitive conditions in labor markets by inhibiting efficient matching between workers and employers. The Commission also found that noncompetes tend to negatively affect competitive conditions in product and service markets, inhibiting new business formation and innovation. There is also evidence that noncompetes lead to increased market concentration and higher prices for consumers.

Alternatives to Noncompetes

The Commission found that employers have several alternatives to noncompetes that still enable firms to protect their investments without having to enforce a noncompete.

Trade secret laws and non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) both provide employers with well-established means to protect proprietary and other sensitive information. Researchers estimate that over 95% of workers with a noncompete already have an NDA.

The Commission also finds that instead of using noncompetes to lock in workers, employers that wish to retain employees can compete on the merits for the worker’s labor services by improving wages and working conditions.

Changes from the NPRM

Under the final rule, existing noncompetes for senior executives can remain in force. Employers, however, are prohibited from entering into or enforcing new noncompetes with senior executives. The final rule defines senior executives as workers earning more than $151,164 annually and who are in policy-making positions.

Additionally, the Commission has eliminated a provision in the proposed rule that would have required employers to legally modify existing noncompetes by formally rescinding them. That change will help to streamline compliance.

Instead, under the final rule, employers will simply have to provide notice to workers bound to an existing noncompete that the noncompete agreement will not be enforced against them in the future. To aid employers’ compliance with this requirement, the Commission has included model language in the final rule that employers can use to communicate to workers. 

The Commission vote to approve the issuance of the final rule was 3-2 with Commissioners Melissa Holyoak and Andrew N. Ferguson voting no. Commissioners Rebecca Kelly Slaughter , Alvaro Bedoya , Melissa Holyoak and Andrew N. Ferguson each issued separate statements. Chair Lina M. Khan will issue a separate statement.

The final rule will become effective 120 days after publication in the Federal Register.

Once the rule is effective, market participants can report information about a suspected violation of the rule to the Bureau of Competition by emailing  [email protected] . 

The Federal Trade Commission develops policy initiatives on issues that affect competition, consumers, and the U.S. economy. The FTC will never demand money, make threats, tell you to transfer money, or promise you a prize. Follow the  FTC on social media , read  consumer alerts  and the  business blog , and  sign up to get the latest FTC news and alerts .

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Victoria Graham  Office of Public Affairs