essay on weather condition

Essay on Weather

Students are often asked to write an essay on Weather in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Weather

Introduction.

Weather is the day-to-day condition of our atmosphere. It includes factors like temperature, humidity, wind, and rainfall.

Types of Weather

Weather varies greatly around the world. It can be sunny, rainy, snowy, or windy. Each type of weather has its own features and effects.

Importance of Weather

Weather is important for many reasons. It affects our daily activities, health, and agriculture. We need to understand and predict it for safety and planning.

In conclusion, weather plays a significant role in our lives. It is a fascinating and complex natural phenomenon.

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10 Lines on Weather
Paragraph on Weather

250 Words Essay on Weather

Weather is an integral part of our daily lives, influencing our activities, moods, and overall wellbeing. It is the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, characterized by parameters like temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and atmospheric pressure.

The Science of Weather

The science behind weather, meteorology, is a complex discipline that studies atmospheric phenomena. The sun plays a crucial role in weather formation, as it heats the Earth’s surface unevenly, creating temperature differences. These temperature variations lead to air movements that we perceive as wind. Furthermore, the Earth’s rotation and topography also contribute to the intricacy of weather patterns.

Weather and Climate

It’s essential to distinguish between weather and climate. While weather describes short-term atmospheric conditions, climate represents the average weather conditions over a longer period, typically 30 years. This distinction is vital in understanding global issues like climate change, which refers to long-term shifts in climate patterns, rather than daily weather fluctuations.

Weather Forecasting

Weather forecasting, a practical application of meteorology, has evolved significantly over the years. Today, meteorologists use sophisticated technology like satellites, radars, and computer models to predict weather patterns. These forecasts are not only crucial for daily planning but also for mitigating potential disasters.

In conclusion, weather is a dynamic and complex system that impacts our lives in myriad ways. Understanding its mechanisms and implications helps us not only in our daily lives but also in addressing broader environmental issues. As we advance technologically, our ability to predict and respond to weather changes will continue to improve.

500 Words Essay on Weather

Weather is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that influences every aspect of our lives. It is the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time, characterized by parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and atmospheric pressure. The study of weather, known as meteorology, is a crucial branch of Earth sciences, providing essential insights into our planet’s climatic patterns and their impact on the environment and human societies.

The Science Behind Weather

Weather results from the Earth’s atmosphere’s thermodynamic processes, primarily driven by the sun’s energy. The sun heats the Earth unevenly, creating temperature differences that lead to air movement, or wind. The Earth’s rotation, known as the Coriolis effect, further influences this wind, causing it to curve, which contributes to the formation of weather patterns.

Water vapor, a key player in weather formation, can condense into clouds, leading to precipitation when the particles become too large to remain airborne. The interaction of these factors, along with topographical features like mountains and bodies of water, result in the diverse weather phenomena we experience.

Weather forecasting, an application of meteorology, has seen significant advancements over the years. It involves predicting atmospheric conditions at a future time and location. Modern meteorologists use sophisticated equipment like weather satellites, radars, and supercomputers to generate accurate forecasts. These predictions are not only critical for daily planning but also for preventing disasters, aiding agriculture, and informing policy decisions related to climate change.

Impact of Weather on Human Life

Weather significantly influences human activities and well-being. Favorable weather conditions are essential for agriculture, as crops require specific temperature and rainfall patterns to thrive. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts, can cause immense destruction and loss of life.

Moreover, weather plays a pivotal role in our health. Cold weather can exacerbate conditions like arthritis, while heatwaves can lead to heat stroke. Seasonal changes also affect mental health, with conditions like Seasonal Affective Disorder being linked to weather patterns.

Climate Change and Weather

The ongoing climate change, largely driven by human activities, is altering global weather patterns. Rising temperatures are expected to intensify extreme weather events, making hurricanes more powerful and heatwaves more frequent. This underscores the urgent need for effective climate policies to mitigate these changes and adapt to a warmer world.

In conclusion, weather is an intricate and vital aspect of our world, intricately linked with our daily lives and the broader environment. Understanding its mechanisms, predicting its patterns, and studying its impacts is crucial, especially in the face of climate change. As we continue to advance in our knowledge and technology, our relationship with weather will undoubtedly evolve, underscoring the importance of ongoing research and education in this field.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Essay on Weather [ Types, Importance in Life ]

Essay on Weather | Types of Weather | Weather vs Climate

Weather is one of the most important aspects of our lives. It can have a huge impact on our mood, our health, and even our ability to function properly during the day. That’s why it’s so important to understand the different types of weather and how they can affect us.

Types of Weather

There are four main types of weather: sunny, cloudy, rainy, and snowy. Each type of weather has its own set of benefits and drawbacks.

Sunny: Sunny weather is great for outdoor activities and spending time in the sun. However, it can also be very hot and dry, which can be dangerous for people with certain medical conditions.

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Cloudy: Cloudy weather is cooler than sunny weather, but it can also be more humid. This type of weather is good for people who don’t like the heat but don’t want to deal with the cold.

Rainy: Rainy weather is perfect for activities that involve water, such as swimming or fishing. However, it can also be very muddy and wet, which can make it difficult to get around.

Snowy: Snowy weather is great for winter activities like skiing and sledding. However, it can also be very cold and dangerous for people who are not used to the cold weather.

Weather vs Climate:

Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere in a particular place, while climate is the average weather conditions in that place over a long period of time. Climate varies from place to place around the world. The climate in a tropical rainforest is very different from the climate in a desert.

Importance of Climate

Climate is important because it determines the types of plants and animals that can live in a particular place. For example, tropical rainforests have a very different climate from deserts. This means that different types of plants and animals can live in each environment.

Changes in Climate:

Climate change is a long-term shift in the average conditions of the atmosphere over a large area. Climate change could refer to a particular location or the planet as a whole. Climate change has been happening for millions of years, but it is only recently that humans have begun to impact the climate on a global scale.

Steps that we can take to Promote Healthy Weather

There are many things we can do to help promote healthy weather. Some of these steps include:

1. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by using less energy and switching to renewable sources of energy 2. Protecting and restoring forests, which play a vital role in regulating the climate 3. Improving agricultural practices to reduce methane emissions from livestock 4. Conserving water to reduce the amount of energy needed to pump and treat it

Weather is an important part of our lives and can have a big impact on our mood, health, and ability to function properly. There are four main types of weather: sunny, cloudy, rainy, and snowy. Each type of weather has its own set of benefits and drawbacks. Climate is important because it determines the types of plants and animals that can live in a particular place.

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Climate change is a long-term shift in the average conditions of the atmosphere over a large area. There are many things we can do to help promote healthy weather, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting and restoring forests, and improving agricultural practices.

Short Essay on Weather For Students:

Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It includes various elements such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and air pressure. Weather plays an important role in our daily lives as it affects our activities and influences our mood.

Importance of Weather

Weather has a significant impact on human life. It affects agriculture, transportation, tourism, health, and even the economy. Farmers rely on weather conditions for their crops to grow while tourists plan their trips based on favorable weather conditions. Weather also has an effect on mental health as certain weather patterns can lead to seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

Factors Affecting Weather

The main factors that influence the weather are latitude, altitude, topography, and global air circulation patterns. Latitude determines the amount of sunlight received, while altitude affects temperature and precipitation. The shape of the land and presence of water bodies can also affect weather patterns.

Weather conditions can vary greatly depending on geographical location and time of year. Some common types of weather include sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy, windy, hot, cold, and humid.

Sunny Weather

Sunny weather is characterized by clear skies with abundant sunshine. It usually occurs when high pressure systems dominate the area.

Cloudy Weather

Cloudy weather refers to a condition where the sky is covered with clouds blocking out the sun’s rays. This type of weather often occurs during low-pressure systems.

Rainy Weather

Rainy weather is characterized by precipitation in the form of rain. It can be caused by warm air rising and condensing into water droplets, which then fall to the ground.

Snowy Weather

Snowy weather occurs when temperatures are low enough for precipitation to freeze and fall as snow. This type of weather often brings hazardous driving conditions and can lead to school or work closures.

Windy Weather

Windy weather refers to a condition where there is a strong movement of air. It can be caused by differences in air pressure between two areas or by geographical features such as mountains.

Hot Weather

Hot weather is characterized by high temperatures and humidity levels. It can cause heat-related illnesses such as heatstroke and dehydration if precautions are not taken.

Cold Weather

Cold weather is characterized by low temperatures and can bring about freezing conditions, which can be dangerous for both humans and animals.

Humid Weather

Humid weather refers to a condition where there is a high level of water vapor in the air. It can make hot or cold temperatures feel even more extreme and uncomfortable.

Weather affects our lives in many ways, from influencing our daily activities to shaping our emotions. Understanding the different types of weather and the factors that influence them can help us better prepare for any changes in the forecast. As we continue to face the impacts of climate change, it becomes even more important to pay attention to the weather and take necessary precautions to protect ourselves and our environment.

How do you write a weather essay?

A weather essay typically begins with an introduction about the significance of weather, followed by a description of different weather phenomena, their impact on daily life, and any relevant data or statistics. It should also include personal observations or experiences related to weather and conclude with a summary or reflection.

What is weather in 100 words?

Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions in a specific place and time. It encompasses elements such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, and precipitation. Weather can change rapidly and has a profound impact on daily life, agriculture, transportation, and various industries.

It is observed and forecasted by meteorologists using tools like weather stations, satellites, and computer models. Understanding and predicting weather is essential for planning outdoor activities, preparing for extreme conditions, and mitigating the effects of severe weather events like storms, hurricanes, and droughts.

What is weather in short notes?

Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere in a particular place at a specific time. It includes elements like temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, and precipitation. Weather conditions can vary from day to day and even within hours.

Meteorologists study and forecast weather using various instruments and technology to provide information for planning activities, predicting severe weather events, and understanding climate patterns over time.

How do you start a weather paragraph?

A weather paragraph can begin by describing the current weather conditions in a specific location or by introducing the topic of weather in a broader sense. You can use attention-grabbing phrases or statistics to engage the reader’s interest.

Reader Interactions

Climate Change and Extreme Weather Conditions Essay

Climate change has been widely discussed in all aspects. In this regard, the latest global heat wave rekindled the debate on climate change. Proponents of climate change argue that human activities are to be blamed for the current global climate change. Essentially, human activities are cited as the major cause of global warming.

The Intergovernmental Panel’s on Climate Change (IPCC) recent reports indicates close links between human activities and changes in the global climate (Burke 2). The relationships between human activities and global warming are yet to be ascertained though the symptoms are obvious. In fact, extreme weather conditions experienced around the world are attributed to human actions.

The current heat wave is one of the extreme weather conditions resulting from climate change due to human activities. Even though critics argue against the link between extreme weather conditions and climate change, scientific evidence clearly indicate a strong correlation between the global warming and the extreme weather conditions.

However, researchers in this field have been cautious when drawing conclusions directly linking extreme weather conditions to climate change (Burke 2). The opponents question the validity and reliability of current data basing their arguments on the history of world climate. Historically, the world has experienced calamitous heat waves, floods as well as other extreme weather conditions without human activities involved.

In the recent past, scientists have continued to draw in data linking the two variables. The agreement across the board is that human activities such as emissions of the greenhouse gases have contributed to global warming. As such, there should be sustained measures to limit the greenhouse gas emissions (Thurber 2). Unless such measures are undertaken, dangerous heat waves as well as floods are likely to re-occur. In addition, prolonged draughts as well as coastal flooding have increased chances of extreme weather conditions occurrence.

Nonconformist scientists and politicians often dispute about the predictions, yet the number of disasters arising from extreme weather conditions is undoubtedly escalating. In addition, similar data from various sources cannot be disputed on the ground of validity and reliability (Thurber 2). In fact, data from climate agencies indicate similar results with slight variations.

For instance, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Climate Data Center (NCDC) indicate that the last thirteen years have experienced the hottest periods within 132 years. Precisely, the hottest period ever recorded since 1895 occurred from 2001 to 2013. The IPCC, which has been involved in various researches around the world, predicts more extreme weather conditions in the coming decade (Zaelke and Veerabhadran 2).

Moreover, the IPCC reports that the frequencies of extreme weather conditions have increased. Previously, the heat waves occurred once in 20 years. Currently, the heat waves occur two times in one decade. The prediction is that continuous emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere leads to reoccurrences of global warming within two years.

Heat waves are not the only extreme weather conditions that are expected to occur but also flooding, hurricanes, prolonged drought, coastal flooding as well as ice storms are expected in the next decade. The IPCC, which is concerned with the climate studies, normally has accurate predictions and warn associates against premature judgments (Zaelke and Veerabhadran 2). The panel depends on clear evidence to make conclusive predictions.

The reason is that many factors that tend to explain the variations in world temperatures are not directly linked. In other words, there is disconnection between the current causes of extreme weather conditions and the similar past climate situations. The explanations provide facts used by critics to argue their case. In addition, the conclusions drawn from the data taken within 132 years cannot be linked with the similar data from another century.

Consistent with the recent report released by the IPCC and the UN panel, human actions contribute immensely to climate change. The reports follow the studies undertaken to determine the relationship between climate change and human activities. In fact, the reports indicate that typhoons, hurricanes and coastal flooding are likely to increase in this decade (Shank 1). The recent reports concur with previous information on climate change and extreme weather conditions.

In addition, the studies indicate that greenhouse gas emissions are the major cause of climate change (Zaelke and Veerabhadran 2). Some of the effects of greenhouse gas are the extremely high and low atmospheric temperatures. The cyclic global temperatures are prone to intense weather conditions. The data is supported by basic atmospheric science arguing that warmer air causes intense drought and heat waves. The result also explains the cause of the recent heat waves.

According to the reports, the extreme temperatures are also likely to cause increased frequency of precipitation associated with typhoons, cyclones, hurricanes as well as coastal floods. In addition, available data indicate that heavy rains are expected to rise in many parts of the world within this century due to increased atmospheric pressure and temperature (Shank 1).

Even though recent statistics are almost similar to the previous information, the accuracy of data collection and analysis improves the reliability of the conclusions drawn. In other words, the two agencies are majorly concerned with accuracy of the data to draw plausible correlations between the human activities and the global warming.

The IPCC and the UN also found out increasing human susceptibility to extreme weather conditions. While carbon emissions continue to be unabated, human vulnerability to the extreme weather conditions persistently increases (Leonhardt 1).

Flawed decisions on climate change by governments and industrialists together with continued increasing populations are exposing the majority of people to the harms of extreme weather conditions.

Human activities including land use, rapid urbanization, unchecked coastal developments and growth of megacities have led to the increased vulnerability of rural and urban communities to the tribulations resulting from extreme weather conditions. The reports argue that necessary measures have to be taken to avert extreme weather related problems.

Global warming related problems have been cited to vary from social to economic aspects. In other words, climate change significantly influences the political and socio-economic trends around the globe. In particular, the global climate changes have affected the trends of global economic growth.

For instance, the Colorado floods and Yosemite Rim Fire are examples of the devastating effects of climate change. In addition, the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) argued that over fifty percent of extreme weather events in 2012 were influenced by changes in climate (Leonhardt 1). The consequences of the calamities ranged from crippling of tourism to loss of homes and livelihoods.

Further, the weather events posed risks to the economic growth. Moreover, a research by the US Department of Energy (USDE) asserted that energy infrastructure is gradually more susceptible to extreme weather events emanating from climate change. For example, the wildfire that occurred in close proximity to Yosemite National Park in San Francisco led to the declaration of state of emergency due to the threats the wildfire posed to the city’s electricity supply plant.

According to Yale Project on Climate Change Communication (YPCCC), most American citizens are prepared to engage in peaceful civil defiance against organizations promoting global warming in operations. The government’s lack of environmental policy change initiatives is increasingly perturbing the public.

For instance, the Keystone XL pipeline project is facing mass opposition from the public due to the venture’s environmental implications (Shank 1). Through such protests, the government has initiated climate bill, carbon tax as well as having set up the strict limits of carbon emissions into the atmosphere.

Moreover, companies have been on the forefront in ensuring paradigm shifts towards carbon reductions and major ventures in renewable sources of energy (Gillis 1). Studies also indicate that abrupt changes experienced on the planet including melting, acidifying, flooding and warming have led to a completely different globe. In other words, higher amounts of black carbon in the atmosphere heat up the Earth.

Consequently, extreme weather events characterized by heat waves, heavy rains and violent storms occur. Such weather conditions adversely affect vegetation and animals. Scientists link such extreme weather conditions to climate change. The assessment of climate science by the IPCC indicates that the continuous warming of the atmosphere, sea level rise, alterations in the global water cycle and diminishing snow levels are the results of the human influence.

The panel has achieved remarkable successes through endorsement of the carbon budget for humanity. In reality, the regulation of the amount of carbon and greenhouse gases by industries and clearing of forests have led to burning up of approximately a trillion metric tons of carbon and the reduction of planetary warming to about two degrees above the sea level (Shank 1).

However, climate-cynic organizations contend that the report by the IPCC is hysterical and exaggerated. For instance, the Heartland Institute argues that anticipated global warming would be insignificant to be transformed into climatic calamity. In essence, the critics argue that due to the slow rates of global warming experienced over the last decade, rapid reductions in global warming are imminent (Gillis 1).

The administrators of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have put forward the necessary steps that the government should implement to counter the rising climate alterations nationally and at the global level. As the world experiences continuous warming with highest levels of humidity occurrence over the last ten years, the deficiency of actions to curb climate change has negatively influenced the ambiance.

As such, governments are embracing market-based models in reduction of greenhouse gas discharges by imposing carbon taxes on power plants releasing higher amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Augmented ventures in clean energy expertise are also critical in spurring firm economic inclination along with habitable atmosphere.

Most importantly, the amendment of Montreal Protocol (MP) of 1989 will be significant in solving the ozone problems by phasing out warming chemicals including the hydro-fluorocarbons. In reality, the presence of common sense conservative principles based on protecting health, utilization of superior expertise available and innovativeness in economy to obtain solutions have been instrumental in solving climate concerns such as depletion of the ozone layer, pollution of rivers and problems caused by acid rain.

The US citizens have increased calls for the adoption of hydraulic fracturing process in the extraction of natural gas to prevent the emission of carbon in the atmosphere. The use of hydraulic fracturing process will also reduce threats to drinking water and the environment (Gordon 2).

Further, the government is encouraging the utilization of alternative energy sources including wind and solar power. Moreover, increased investments in research, innovative-generation of energy such as use of nuclear plants and experimental expertise are significant in ensuring low-carbon presence in the atmosphere.

Environmental experts have come up with diverse strategies aimed at ensuring a habitable atmosphere. For instance, the actions taken by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) under the Clean Air Act (CLA) have restricted the discharge of effluents from power plants.

In fact, the EPA has stringent discharge standards for the stationary sources leading to virtual elimination of coal-fired plants. However, significant steps put forward at the United Nations climate caucus produce positive impacts on promoting political goodwill to climate change.

In this regard, the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) projects focusing on reducing of greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon, methane, lower-level ozone and hydro-fluorocarbons, will reduce global warming by 40%. In addition, the diminution in global warming is capable of preventing over three million demises resulting from the contamination of the environment.

As it can be observed, climate scientists have continuously forecasted and warned about the increased global temperatures that lead to extreme weather conditions, such as severe droughts, intense flooding as well as ferocious storms. Reports by the United Nations and other climate change agencies indicate that human activities are to be blamed for the extreme weather situations as well as climate changes experienced all over the globe today.

In addition, the scientists warn that weather extremes are projected to worsen in the coming years. In essence, the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activities augment heat and coastal floods as well as increase levels of precipitation (Bordessa 1). The UN report stated that higher temperatures triggered such disasters as floods, heat waves and snowstorms.

As such, the UN has moved to establish the maximum frontier on greenhouse gas emissions. The scientists warn that if humans continue disgorging the greenhouse gases into the atmosphere through their activities, irreversible climate changes are eminent. Actually, the utilization of economical natural gases and current fuel principles as well as rules regulating mercury have led to the reduction of greenhouse gas discharge into the atmosphere by seventeen percent

Additionally, the utilization of filters on automobiles and the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels have benefited California by cutting the level of warming effect caused by diesel by over fifty percent. Further, many countries in the developing world are embracing resourceful biomass stoves, solar lamps and modern brick kilns as opposed to conventional mud stoves and utilization of kerosene lamps leading to reduction of carbon emissions into the atmosphere.

Moreover, several initiatives include reduction of leaks from gas pipes, capturing methane from waste dumps and water treatment plants as well as reducing discharges from rice paddies. In essence, the elimination of such temporary climate noxious wastes is significant in slowing the pace of global warming.

Works Cited

Bordessa, Kris. “Global Climate Change Linked to Extreme Weather?” Wired 11 February 2012: 1. Web.

Burke, Marshall. “Weather and Violence.” The New York Times 30 August 2013: 2. Web.

Gillis, Justin. “U.N. Panel Finds Climate Change Behind Some Extreme Weather Events.” The New York Times 18 November 2011: 1. Web.

Gordon, Kate. “Let’s Upgrade Our Insurance Policy on Climate-Change Risk.” The Wall Street Journal 25 September 2013: 2. Web.

Leonhardt, David. “It’s Not Easy Being Green.” The New York Times 9 February 2013: 1. Web.

Shank, Michael. “Fed Up With Climate Change Apathy.” US News 19 September 2013: 1. Web.

Thurber, Mark. “Carbon Pricing Is the Best First Step to Address Global Warming.” The Wall Street Journal 25 September 2013: 2. Web.

Zaelke, Durwood and Veerabhadran Ramanathan. “Going Beyond Carbon Dioxide.” The New York Times 6 December 2012: 2. Web.

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Have a question?

How is climate change affecting the weather today, our planet is not only getting warmer—it’s also getting wetter. that shows up in ways both subtle and alarming..

September 30, 2020

The Earth has warmed roughly 1.8 ℉ since 1850. This means that people almost everywhere are, on average, experiencing warmer weather. But this rise in temperature is also changing humidity and rainfall, with consequences for extreme weather events, says Professor Paul O’Gorman of the MIT Program in Atmospheres, Oceans and Climate. Warmer weather is causing more humidity. We often think about how humid it feels outside: that muggy feeling is caused by a high amount of water vapor in the air. And warmer air can hold more water; in fact, says O’Gorman, humidity rises about 3.5% for every degree Fahrenheit that the temperature rises. The higher the humidity, the harder it is for our bodies to cool off by sweating, which can be uncomfortable but also increases health risks from exhaustion, fainting, and even life-threatening heat stroke. Humidity also affects rainfall. Experts agree that, in warmer climates, major storms are dropping more rain. Rain gauges show that the rainiest day each year has gotten roughly 3.5% wetter for every degree Fahrenheit of global warming, the same rise we’re seeing in humidity. This makes sense, says O’Gorman: if there’s more water vapor in the air when a storm starts, more rain will fall during that storm. In some regions, rainfall could rise even more as storms develop stronger winds. And the most intense tropical cyclones, or hurricanes , are expected to become more frequent too. Recent terrible hurricane seasons in the Atlantic are likely a preview of the future. In 2017, for instance, Hurricane Harvey dropped more than 60 inches of rain on Texas’s gulf coast. MIT’s Professor Kerry Emanuel has calculated that, as recently as the 1990s, the state of Texas had only a 1% chance of seeing a storm with that much rain in a given year; now, the chances are closer to 6%. 1 It’s less clear how rising temperatures have affected the total number of storms. Most models suggest that both tropical cyclones (seen near the equator) and extratropical cyclones (seen in middle or higher latitudes) will become less frequent due to climate change. While fewer storms overall may seem like a good thing, the fall in extratropical cyclones, which we can already see in the Northern Hemisphere, has actually created an unexpected problem: it tends to make air pollution worse, offsetting some of the gains from reductions in emissions . “Particularly in the summer,” O’Gorman says, “these cyclones move the air around, bringing air from higher in the atmosphere and ventilating the air that’s near the surface, which can remove air pollution and stop heatwaves .” With fewer extratropical cyclones, warm, polluted air is left to linger lower in the atmosphere. If we’re seeing heavier rainfall, we should also see more flooding, right? It turns out it depends. Some parts of the United States, like the Northeast, have seen increasing flooding in recent years, while other areas, like the Southwest, are seeing fewer floods. “The current thinking is that streamflow [the amount of water flowing in rivers and streams] is more complicated than just how much rain fell in the last day,” says O’Gorman. As weather patterns shift, regions that are getting drier on average might see less flooding even after a spectacular storm. Curious about the effects of climate change on specific weather events? Researchers can run simulations of today’s storms under past climate conditions, allowing us to see what aspects of our current weather are the result of climate change. World Weather Attribution is an international effort to share this data with the public. The website publishes analyses of dozens of recent extreme weather events around the world, explaining how these events were affected by the climate change we are already experiencing.

More Resources for Learning

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Listen to this episode of MIT's "Today I Learned: Climate" podcast on hurricanes.

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Extreme Weather 101: Everything You Need to Know

The climate crisis is leading to more regular and more severe forms of extreme weather. Image: Unsplash/Espen Bierud

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Stay up to date:, future of the environment.

The climate crisis is making many extreme weather events more frequent and more severe.
There are two main types of extreme weather – weather-related and climate-related.
Weather-related events are shorter incidents such as tornadoes, deep freezes or heat waves.
Climate-related events last longer or are caused by a buildup of weather-related events over time. They include droughts or wildfires.
Here's a summary of all the main types of extreme weather.

What Is Extreme Weather?

Extreme weather is what we call it when a particular weather event like a flash flood or a heat wave is significantly different from the average weather pattern for an area. It is important to understand these events because they can be disruptive and even deadly, harming human communities, agriculture and ecosystems.

Extreme weather can either be weather related or climate related. Weather-related extreme weather events are shorter incidents like tornadoes, deep freezes or heat waves. Climate related extreme weather events last longer or are caused by a buildup of weather-related events over time. Examples include droughts caused by long dry spells or wildfires caused by an extended drought. Extreme weather events can be caused by natural cycles like La Niña or more immediate influences like high pressure systems. However, they are becoming more likely because of the climate crisis caused by the human emission of greenhouse gasses.

Scientists typically define an extreme weather event in one of two ways, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Climate Hubs. The first looks at the likelihood of a given event occurring at a certain intensity during a specific time frame. The second focuses on whether an event passes a particular limit, i.e. if a heat wave exceeds a number of days over 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

Climate change poses an urgent threat demanding decisive action. Communities around the world are already experiencing increased climate impacts, from droughts to floods to rising seas. The World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report continues to rank these environmental threats at the top of the list.

To limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C and as close as possible to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, it is essential that businesses, policy-makers, and civil society advance comprehensive near- and long-term climate actions in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change.

The World Economic Forum's Climate Initiative supports the scaling and acceleration of global climate action through public and private-sector collaboration. The Initiative works across several workstreams to develop and implement inclusive and ambitious solutions.

This includes the Alliance of CEO Climate Leaders, a global network of business leaders from various industries developing cost-effective solutions to transitioning to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy. CEOs use their position and influence with policy-makers and corporate partners to accelerate the transition and realize the economic benefits of delivering a safer climate.

Types of Extreme Weather

There are various types of extreme weather events that can have a serious impact on human populations.

A drought is defined as a “a period of abnormally dry weather sufficiently prolonged for the lack of water to cause serious hydrologic imbalance in the affected area.” What this means is that a dry spell lasts long enough to diminish the water supply or damage crops. One famous example is the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. While this is often referred to as a single disaster, it was really a series of droughts that impacted the south-central U.S. and were then exacerbated by damaging dust storms. Currently, the southwestern U.S. is in the midst of its biggest megadrought in 1,200 years, which has shrunken reservoirs, depleted Utah’s Great Salt Lake to record low levels and encouraged devastating wildfires.

A heat wave is a stretch of unusually hot weather that lasts for two or more days. To be considered a heat wave, temperatures must rise above the average for an area, so two 95 degree days in Maine would be considered a heat wave, but the same in Death Valley would not. Heat waves are often caused when hot air becomes trapped over an area by something like a high pressure system. Heat waves are actually the deadliest kind of extreme weather event, killing more U.S. residents each year on average than any other weather disaster. The blood thickens when the human body becomes overheated, forcing the heart to pump harder and putting it and other organs at risk for damage. The deadliest heat wave on record was a 2010 heat wave that killed as many as 56,000 people in Russia.

Hurricanes, Typhoons and Cyclones

A tropical cyclone is a type of storm that forms over tropical or subtropical waters. It consists of a rotating circle of clouds and thunderstorms. These weather systems are defined by their maximum sustained wind speed. A system with a wind speed below 39 miles per hour is a tropical depression. A system with a wind speed above this is a tropical storm. A storm with a wind speed 74 miles per hour or higher is a tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones are called hurricanes in the North Atlantic, central North Pacific and eastern North Pacific and typhoons in the Northwest Pacific. In the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, all storms are called tropical cyclones regardless of wind speed. Tropical cyclones are usually accompanied by heavy winds, large waves, heavy rains and flooding. The deadliest tropical cyclone was Cyclone Bhola , which killed as many as 500,000 people in 1970 in what is now Bangladesh. The storm was so deadly because of a storm surge that swamped low-lying islands and tidal flats in the Bay of Bengal. The deadliest hurricane in U.S. history was the Great Galveston Storm of 1900, which saw wind speeds greater than 135 miles per hour and a storm surge of 15 feet. It claimed between 6,000 and 12,000 lives. The second deadliest was Hurricane Maria , which killed 2,975 people in Puerto Rico in 2017.

A tornado is a thin, rapidly rotating column of air extended by a thunderstorm towards the ground. They are one of the most violent effects of atmospheric storms. Also called twisters , they can have wind speeds greater than 250 miles per hour and clear a path a mile wide by 50 miles long. The most destructive tornadoes typically come from large and long-lasting thunderstorms called supercells. Tornadoes occur all over the world, but are most common in the U.S., where there are about a thousand every year, which cause around 80 deaths and more than 1,500 injuries. Tornado Alley is the name the media uses to refer to a part of the central U.S. where violent tornadoes tend to occur. However, tornadoes have been recorded in all 50 states and generally shift from the Southeast in Winter to the south and central Plains in May and June to the northern Plains and Midwest in early summer. The deadliest tornado in U.S. history was the Tri-State Tornado of 1925, which cut a 219-mile long swathe through Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. It killed 695 people and injured 2,027. In a recent example of a tornado outbreak , at least 50 twisters killed more than 100 people in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee and Kentucky in December of 2021.

A wildfire is an unplanned, uncontrolled fire that burns in a natural area like a forest or grassland. They can start either because of a natural occurrence like a lightning strike or because of human activity. However, their spread is determined by external conditions such as high temperatures , high wind speeds and low precipitation that leaves lots of dried vegetation as fuel. Wildfires are actually a natural and helpful part of several ecosystems. Some tree cones need the heat from fires in order to open and release their seeds and chaparral plants need fire for their seeds to germinate. Wildfires can also kill insects and disease and clear out dead vegetation to make way for new growth. However, in some places an increase in fire activity is putting a strain on both ecosystems and human communities. In the Southwestern U.S., a history of fire suppression led to a build up of potential fuel, which has combined with higher temperatures and drought to cause more frequent and extreme fires in recent years. The Camp Fire in 2018 destroyed almost the entire town of Paradise and was the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history. Unprecedented bushfires in Australia in 2019 and 2020 killed or displaced around three billion animals.

Winter Storms

Winter storms are a life-threatening combination of heavy snow, blowing snow and dangerous wind chill. A blizzard is a type of winter storm that combines heavy wind with blowing snow to severely reduce visibility. An ice storm occurs when at least a quarter of an inch of ice accumulates on surfaces. This can make driving or walking very dangerous and cause tree branches or power lines to snap. The deadliest winter storm in U.S. history was the Great Blizzard of 1888 , which killed more than 400 people in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York. It dumped 40 to 50 inches of snow and buried trains and buses. A famous ice storm occurred in New England in December of 2008, cutting off power to more than a million people.

Extreme Weather and the Climate Crisis

The climate crisis is making many extreme weather events both more frequent and more severe. A new scientific field called “ extreme event attribution ” has emerged to assess the human fingerprints on any particular extreme weather event, such as a storm or heat wave. Carbon Brief drew on more than 350 peer-reviewed attribution studies to create a map of 405 extreme weather events or trends. The research had found that 70 percent of them were made more likely or more severe by human-caused climate change. There are several reasons that climate change has this effect, and they vary depending on the weather event in question.

The climate crisis raises the likelihood of drought because higher temperatures lead to more evaporation, reducing surface water and drying out soils and vegetation. Further, increased winter temperatures means that less precipitation falls as snow in some areas. Even if the same amount of precipitation falls overall, this can still lead to drought because some water systems depend heavily on the spring melt from mountain snowpacks. The current megadrought in the U.S. West is calculated to be 42 percent more extreme because of the climate crisis.

The connection between climate change and heat waves is perhaps the most straightforward. As global temperatures rise, periods of extreme heat naturally increase. In the last decade, daily record highs in the continental U.S. have occurred twice as often as record lows. Carbon Brief considered 122 studies that looked at extreme heat events or trends and found that 92 percent of the events studied were made more likely or severe because of the climate crisis. For example, the heat wave that baked France in 2019 was found to be 10 to 100 times more likely because of the burning of fossil fuels.

The climate crisis has several impacts on tropical storms. Warmer sea surface temperatures make storms both stronger and wetter. NOAA has predicted that the number of the strongest Category 4 and 5 hurricanes will increase as the climate warms. Further, more evaporation leads to more moisture in the air, increasing intense rainfall. Scientists estimated that the climate crisis made 2018’s Hurricane Florence 50 percent wetter. Sea level rise also increases the impact of hurricanes because the storm surge does not have as far to travel. Hurricane Harvey ’s storm surge, for example, gained half a foot because of a combination of sea level rise and land sinking due to oil drilling. How climate change will impact the overall frequency of hurricanes is less clear.

The impact of the climate crisis on tornadoes is also uncertain. As far as scientists can tell, there has been no increase in the number of strong tornadoes in the U.S. in the past few decades. There have been more incidents of tornadoes occurring in clusters, and there is some evidence that the overall power of tornadoes is increasing, but there is no clear link between these trends and the climate crisis. There is also evidence that the traditional “ tornado alley ” is moving eastward from the Great Plains to the Midwest and Southeast. Scientists say it is possible that climate change is behind the shift, but more research is needed.

Wildfire risk is increasing for much the same reason as drought. Climate change raises temperatures, increases the amount of dry vegetation that serves as wildfire fuel and reduces the amount of water available. This means that when fires ignite, they are more likely to burn larger and with greater intensity. They are also becoming more frequent and the length of the fire season is getting longer. In the U.S. West, the number of large fires has doubled between 1984 and 2015. Scientists calculated that the climate crisis made Australia’s 2019 and 2020 bushfire season at least 30 percent more likely.

While climate change may lead to warmer winters overall, it can still increase the amount of snow that falls during winter storms . This is because it increases the amount of moisture in the atmosphere, which will fall as snow if temperatures dip below freezing. Further, there is some debate as to whether or not Arctic warming destabilizes the jet stream, leading Arctic air to travel south to cause infamous “ polar vortex ” cold snaps.

Effects of Extreme Weather

Extreme weather can have serious and lasting impacts beyond the initial wildfire, flood or storm. In the immediate aftermath of a storm, access to food, water and shelter are reduced, putting survivors at risk from malnutrition and dehydration. When the power goes out, people often turn to carbon-monoxide-powered generators, which can increase the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Disease is another major risk. Water resources can be contaminated by drought–which increases the spread of “effluent pathogens”–or flooding, which can spill wastewater into the drinking supply. For example, a cholera outbreak followed in the wake of Cyclone Idai , which devastated Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi in 2019. A major concern during the 2020 hurricane and wildfire seasons was whether or not evacuees would contract COVID-19 in crowded shelters. One Harvard study also found that people exposed to wildfire smoke were more likely to both catch and die from the coronavirus.

Both warm and cold weather can also cause long-lasting health implications. The climate crisis has increased the numbers of crop pests, which in turn has prompted farmers to use more pesticides, which both decrease the nutritional value of food and threaten human health. The spread of the mold that creates the liver-damaging toxin aflatoxin has also been linked to the climate crisis. Cold weather can increase the risk of pneumonia, influenza, norovirus and heart disease.

Extreme weather events can also have a major impact on the economy. Europe lost nearly half a trillion euros because of extreme weather events from 1980 to 2000. Twenty extreme weather events in 2021 cost the U.S. at least $145 billion dollars. Individuals and communities can take a long time to recover from the hit of a major disaster. For example, New Orleans’ Lower Ninth Ward, which was hit hard by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, was still full of vacant lots 14 years later. A single grocery store served a population of 1,200.

Have you read?

Droughts, floods, super typhoons. but 2020's extreme weather was eclipsed by covid, exploring the relationship between climate change and extreme weather, this chart shows where extreme weather is causing the most fatalities, extreme weather and environmental justice.

Hurricane Katrina is an example of the truism that “there is no such thing as a natural disaster.” This means that, even if a particular extreme weather event is entirely triggered by natural causes, who suffers the consequences of that event is often based on preexisting social inequalities. In the case of Hurricane Katrina, wealthier, generally white residents had access to the cars and funds needed to evacuate while poorer communities of color did not. Because of historic racism , white communities in New Orleans tended to live on higher ground than Black communities, and therefore a Black homeowner in the city was more than three times more likely to have their home flooded than a white homeowner. More than ten years later, 96,000 fewer Black people lived in the city than before the storm.

The environmental justice aspect of extreme weather events is only exacerbated when those events are caused or worsened by human-generated climate change. A 2018 study found that the countries that did the least to contribute to the climate crisis in the form of greenhouse gas emissions and are already more vulnerable to extreme weather events are the most likely to see increased temperature variability. Indigenous people worldwide are more likely to be impacted by extreme events because they tend to rely more on natural resources, while poorer communities also already lack the infrastructure to withstand weather damage. To address these inequalities on a global scale, developing countries have called on wealthier nations to help them pay for the losses and damages from climate-fueled extreme weather events and other longer-term climate impacts. At the most recent UN COP26 climate conference in Glasgow last November, countries recognized that poorer nations were experiencing greater losses and damages because of the climate crisis, but they did not establish a fund to help cover these losses, largely due to opposition from the U.S., Europe and other wealthy nations.

The severity and frequency of extreme weather events are only expected to increase this century as the climate crisis persists. Many places will see more periods of extreme heat. While overall precipitation is expected to decrease, heavy rainstorms are expected to increase. Drought is expected to become more frequent and severe in places that already see low precipitation. To respond to this risk, it is important to both mitigate and adapt . Mitigation means reducing greenhouse gas emissions as promptly as possible. Adapting means planning for the changes that are already underway or locked in. This means accurately assessing the risk of extreme weather events by looking at recent trends and using climate models to see whether certain events are more likely to occur in certain areas in the future. Adaptations can range from building up oyster reefs to protect New York City from future storm surges to planting trees to reduce the impact of heat waves on cities. Understanding the link between climate change and extreme weather events is therefore essential for making sure they harm as few people and communities as possible going forward.

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Master List for Describing Weather

A lot of writers struggle with describing settings. I’ve written before about how to describe settings and why it matters , but a few people have told me they’d like me to do some of my master lists for writers to help them out!

I have a weird love for creating lists like this, so I’m happy to do it. “How to describe weather” seemed like a good place to start. This way, you won’t get stuck trying to figure out how to describe nice weather, or thinking up ways to describe rain. Hopefully, this will make your writing go faster.

I always include simple as well as more creative ways to describe or write about weather. Sometimes, the simple word is the one you want! I included dryness and humidity in a few of the categories because it felt weird for them to get their own.

As always, this is not a comprehensive list, and I might add to it. My list will probably make you think of other possibilities, too. Bookmark or pin it for future writing reference!

HOT WEATHER

blazing sunshine

glaring sun

baking in the sun

sun-drenched

scorching heat

extravagant heat

relentless sun

like a suana

dense tropical heat

radiating heat

blistering heat

oppressive heat

insufferable heat

suffocating heat

heat pressing down

searing sun

shimmering heat

like an oven

like a furnace

WARM / PLEASANT WEATHER

(“Pleasant” is a matter of opinion, of course.)

a beautiful day

a clear day

a temperate day

a golden day

a glorious day

heavenly weather

bright and sunny

a gorgeous spring day

a dazzling summer day

a brilliant autumn day

a vivid blue sky

a cloudless sky

fluffy white clouds

gentle sunshine

lazy sunshine

kind sunshine

filtered sunlight

dappled sunlight

welcome warmth

one of those rare, perfect days

the kind of day that made people forget to worry

the kind of day that lifted people’s moods

COOL WEATHER

refreshing air

stimulating cool air

invigorating cool air

bracing cool air

a nip in the air

a brisk day

a chilly day

weak sunshine

GRAY / OVERCAST WEATHER

(Most people don’t like gray days, so most of these descriptions are negative. I love them, so I had to add a few positive descriptions.)

colorless sky

a soft gray sky

a dove-gray sky

a gray day made for books and tea

steel-gray sky

granite sky

cement-gray sky

threatening clouds

foreboding clouds

COLD WEATHER

glacial air

bitter cold

brutal cold

bone-chilling cold

penetrating cold

devastating cold

numbing cold

punishing cold

dangerous cold

unforgiving cold

too cold to talk

so cold it burned one’s lungs

so cold it took one’s breath away

like a blast from a hair dryer

a gust of wind

insistent winds

heavy winds

strong winds

cutting wind

whipping winds

biting wind

wintry squall

violent gale

howling wind

shifting winds

restless wind

fresh breeze

soft breeze

balmy breeze

perfumed breeze

slight breeze

hint of a breeze

stirring breeze

wind rustling through the trees

fine drizzle

gray drizzle

pebbles of falling rain

spitting rain

stinging rain

steady rain

rain falling in torrents

cascades of rain

rain beating down

shower of rain

sheets of rain

hard-driving rain

pelting rain

lashing rain

slashing rain

THUNDER AND LIGHTNING

rumbling in the distance

a roll of distant thunder

crash of thunder

crackle of thunder

crack of thunder

clap of thunder

bang of thunder

booming thunder

rattled with thunder

earth-shaking thunder

tempestuous

a furious storm

flash of lightning

streaks of lightning

SNOW AND ICE

flurries of snow

dancing flakes

snowflakes floating down

snowflakes wafting down

swirling snow

falling thick and fast

big flakes falling like petals

blinding snowstorm

raging blizzard

sparkling expanses

blankets of white

caked with snow

boulders of snow

branches coated in ice

glittering ice

crystallized by frost

silvered with frost

clouds of mist

swirling mist

billowing fog

cloaked in mist

cocooned in fog

shrouded in fog

enveloped by fog

smothered by fog

made mysterious by fog

the fog rolled in

the fog was burning off

the fog was lifting

the fog was clearing

the fog was dissipating

I have many lists like this in my book Master Lists for Writers: Thesauruses, Plots, Character Traits, Names, and More . Check it out!

Master Lists for Writers by Bryn Donovan

Do you describe weather conditions in your writing? Do you have a favorite example of a weather description? Let me know in the comments! Thanks for reading, and happy writing!

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How To Describe Settings – and Why It Matters #how to write more descriptively #how to describe scenery in writing #how to make a novel longer

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What is TORCON? Explaining The Weather Channel's system to predict tornadoes in your area

The skies are dark, the wind is howling and social media is filled with references to TORCON , forecasting if a tornado might form in your area.

So what does TORCON mean? And how is it used? Here's an explanation.

What is TORCON? How The Weather Channel's tornado prediction scale started

TORCON, short for the Tornado Condition Index, was developed by Dr. Greg Forbes , a meteorologist and severe weather expert at The Weather Channel who retired in 2018, as an index that helped estimate the risk of tornadoes in a particular area. It is not an official weather term that the National Weather Service or National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration use, according to Newsweek .

How is TORCON used to predict a tornado?

TORCON uses a 0-10 scale to indicate how likely a tornado is within 50 miles of a given location, according to Weather Station Advisor . A TORCON level of 2 would mean a 20% risk of a tornado, TORCON 5 would be 50%, and so on.

In this video from The Weather Channel , Forbes explains the TORCON system and how it's used.

The National Weather Service system uses tornado watch and tornado warning. What's the difference?

There are six categories used by the National Weather Service to classify the rotational speed of tornadoes (EF0-EF5) but just two levels to warn of tornado activity.

A tornado watch means weather conditions could spawn tornadoes within the watch area. People should stay aware of weather conditions and be prepared to act if watchers spot a tornado.

A tornado warning means a tornado has been sighted by a local NWS forecast office or indicated by weather radar and there is imminent danger to life and property.

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Guest Essay

José Andrés: Let People Eat

A woman wearing a head scarf sits on a cart next to a box of food marked “World Central Kitchen.”

By José Andrés

Mr. Andrés is the founder of World Central Kitchen.

In the worst conditions you can imagine — after hurricanes, earthquakes, bombs and gunfire — the best of humanity shows up. Not once or twice but always.

The seven people killed on a World Central Kitchen mission in Gaza on Monday were the best of humanity. They are not faceless or nameless. They are not generic aid workers or collateral damage in war.

Saifeddin Issam Ayad Abutaha, John Chapman, Jacob Flickinger, Zomi Frankcom, James Henderson, James Kirby and Damian Sobol risked everything for the most fundamentally human activity: to share our food with others.

These are people I served alongside in Ukraine, Turkey, Morocco, the Bahamas, Indonesia, Mexico, Gaza and Israel. They were far more than heroes.

Their work was based on the simple belief that food is a universal human right. It is not conditional on being good or bad, rich or poor, left or right. We do not ask what religion you belong to. We just ask how many meals you need.

From Day 1, we have fed Israelis as well as Palestinians. Across Israel, we have served more than 1.75 million hot meals. We have fed families displaced by Hezbollah rockets in the north. We have fed grieving families from the south. We delivered meals to the hospitals where hostages were reunited with their families. We have called consistently, repeatedly and passionately for the release of all the hostages.

All the while, we have communicated extensively with Israeli military and civilian officials. At the same time, we have worked closely with community leaders in Gaza, as well as Arab nations in the region. There is no way to bring a ship full of food to Gaza without doing so.

That’s how we served more than 43 million meals in Gaza, preparing hot food in 68 community kitchens where Palestinians are feeding Palestinians.

We know Israelis. Israelis, in their heart of hearts, know that food is not a weapon of war.

Israel is better than the way this war is being waged. It is better than blocking food and medicine to civilians. It is better than killing aid workers who had coordinated their movements with the Israel Defense Forces.

The Israeli government needs to open more land routes for food and medicine today. It needs to stop killing civilians and aid workers today. It needs to start the long journey to peace today.

In the worst conditions, after the worst terrorist attack in its history, it’s time for the best of Israel to show up. You cannot save the hostages by bombing every building in Gaza. You cannot win this war by starving an entire population.

We welcome the government’s promise of an investigation into how and why members of our World Central Kitchen family were killed. That investigation needs to start at the top, not just the bottom.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said of the Israeli killings of our team, “It happens in war.” It was a direct attack on clearly marked vehicles whose movements were known by the Israel Defense Forces.

It was also the direct result of a policy that squeezed humanitarian aid to desperate levels. Our team was en route from a delivery of almost 400 tons of aid by sea — our second shipment, funded by the United Arab Emirates, supported by Cyprus and with clearance from the Israel Defense Forces.

The team members put their lives at risk precisely because this food aid is so rare and desperately needed. According to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification global initiative, half the population of Gaza — 1.1. million people — faces the imminent risk of famine. The team would not have made the journey if there were enough food, traveling by truck across land, to feed the people of Gaza.

The peoples of the Mediterranean and Middle East, regardless of ethnicity and religion, share a culture that values food as a powerful statement of humanity and hospitality — of our shared hope for a better tomorrow.

There’s a reason, at this special time of year, Christians make Easter eggs, Muslims eat an egg at iftar dinners and an egg sits on the Seder plate. This symbol of life and hope reborn in spring extends across religions and cultures.

I have been a stranger at Seder dinners. I have heard the ancient Passover stories about being a stranger in the land of Egypt, the commandment to remember — with a feast before you — that the children of Israel were once slaves.

It is not a sign of weakness to feed strangers; it is a sign of strength. The people of Israel need to remember, at this darkest hour, what strength truly looks like.

José Andrés is a chef and the founder of World Central Kitchen.

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Total solar eclipse forecast: Will your city have clear skies Monday?

AP Texas and Oklahoma chief photographer Julio Cortez, talks about the best tips and tricks to get the perfect shot during upcoming total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024. (AP Video/Shelby Lum)

This satellite image provided by NOAA shows clouds over North America on Thursday, April 4, 2024. (NOAA via AP)

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DALLAS (AP) — Some who hope to witness Monday’s total solar eclipse may see the sun obscured by clouds instead of by the moon.

There’s still plenty of time for forecasts to change, but meteorologists predict that eclipse day storms could blanket parts of the path , which stretches from Mexico and Texas through Maine and parts of Canada.

If clouds don’t get in the way, viewers in the path wearing eclipse glasses will see the moon begin to slowly cover the sun until it is completely blocked, a period of darkness called “totality” during which temperatures drop and the sun’s corona will be visible.

What’s the forecast along the eclipse’s path?

Clouds are expected in much of the eclipse’s path Monday thanks to storms that are moving across the central U.S.

National Weather Service meteorologist Marc Chenard says the northeast U.S. currently has the best chance of clear skies, along with parts of Arkansas, Missouri and Illinois.

Canada , too, may have only light cloud cover that won’t significantly impact the view. Higher, thinner clouds should still allow eclipse goers to glimpse the sun, while lower, thicker clouds could obscure the spectacle entirely.

Parts of Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Texas are questionable. Northeast Texas, Chenard says, “could kind of go either way at this point.” Mexico may also have low to mid-level cloud cover.

FILE - The moon covers the sun during a total solar eclipse Monday, Aug. 21, 2017, in Cerulean, Ky. On April 8, 2024, the sun will pull another disappearing act across parts of Mexico, the United States and Canada, turning day into night for as much as 4 minutes, 28 seconds. (AP Photo/Timothy D. Easley, File)

Thushari Jayasekara, a physics professor at Southern Illinois University, saw the 2017 eclipse from Carbondale, Illinois, where it was partially hidden by clouds. From her vantage point at the university’s Saluki Stadium, the spectacle disappeared right as the final bit of the sun was extinguished by the moon. The crowd fell silent.

“It was dark, but we were not able to see the sun,” she said. The clouds parted again during totality, allowing those in Carbondale to catch a glimpse of the full effect.

How accurate is the eclipse weather forecast?

“The uncertainty is still pretty high,” Chenard said. The storms moving across the country make it difficult for meteorologists to predict exactly where and when clouds will arrive.

Weather conditions in the northeast U.S. have looked promising so far, but the timing and speed of Monday’s storms may influence what cloud cover looks like for the rest of the country.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Weather Prediction Center will update the eclipse forecast daily until Monday.

How can I see the solar eclipse if it’s cloudy or rained out?

Eclipse viewers can still watch the total solar eclipse online.

NASA will stream telescope views of the sun and on NASA TV starting at 1 p.m. EDT. Associated Press journalists will also bring live coverage of the eclipse from across the path, starting at 10 a.m. EDT with views from Mazatlán, Mexico, and other locations.

The Exploratorium museum, Time and Date and Slooh will also broadcast eclipse day views.

The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

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Weather Argumentative Essays Samples For Students

30 samples of this type

If you're looking for a workable way to streamline writing an Argumentative Essay about Weather, WowEssays.com paper writing service just might be able to help you out.

For starters, you should skim our extensive database of free samples that cover most various Weather Argumentative Essay topics and showcase the best academic writing practices. Once you feel that you've studied the major principles of content presentation and drawn actionable ideas from these expertly written Argumentative Essay samples, putting together your own academic work should go much easier.

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Argumentative Essay On Is Anthropogenic Climate Change A Problem That Needs Immediate And Or/ Long Term

Inspiring argumentative essay about "days of rage" response paper, climate change argumentative essay sample, is anthropogenic climate change a problem that needs immediate and or/ long term argumentative essay examples, free passive energy designs maximize economical and environmental attributes of contemporary architecture argumentative essay: top-quality sample to follow, introduction.

My research will examine techniques that optimize financial, environmental, quality, and energy aspects of contemporary architecture. The work of Norman Foster and Partners will be considered in detail. This award-winning firm has many high-profile projects concerned with energy efficacy. I will examine Foster designed buildings in order to better understand strategies for maximizing savings and encasing ecological conservation through passive solar design.

Principles of Passive Solar Building Design

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Introduction Since the 90s of last century, the European Union as a whole and each of the participating countries have begun to implement various initiatives in the area of climate change. In early 2000, the Commission launches the European Climate Change Programme (ECCP), in which collaboration has been initiated with the industries, organizations for the protection of the environment and other concerned agencies. The purpose of co-operation - identify cost-effective measures to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.

Why it is Important to Reduce CO2 Emissions?

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Solar eclipse 2024: Latest forecast is looking cloudy for some in path of totality

There's just five days to go until the total solar eclipse . Meteorologists continue to refine their cloud cover forecasts for the big day, and as of Wednesday, it's a mix of good and bad news, depending on your location. More about that in a moment.

On Monday afternoon, April 8, a total eclipse of the sun will cross over a dozen states as it traverses from Texas to Maine. Millions of people are expected to travel to see it.

The full total solar eclipse experience will plunge people along a narrow path into darkness midday, but people outside the path of totality can still use eclipse glasses (maybe free eclipse glasses ) to see the moon pass in front of the sun — if it's not blocked by clouds.

Meanwhile, those planning to order glasses online may be rapidly running out of time to do so in order to have them delivered on time .

Here's the latest news about the 2024 total solar eclipse on April 8 :

Where will skies be clear for the total eclipse?

First, the good news. "Clear skies in the path of totality are most likely in northern New England and upstate New York, and possible in Arkansas and Missouri," the Weather Prediction Center , a branch of the National Weather Service, said Tuesday afternoon.

The weather service forecast office in Burlington, Vermont , also gave this optimistic outlook: "The forecast for Monday is looking spectacular across the North Country (of Vermont)." The weather service calls for "great viewing conditions, as mostly clear skies are now in the forecast around eclipse time."

Texas solar eclipse forecast is troublesome

The forecast worsens the farther south and west you go.

"Cloud cover in the path of totality is most likely in south-central Texas, as well as portions of the Ohio Valley, including Indiana, Ohio and northwest Pennsylvania," the Weather Prediction Center said.

AccuWeather lead long-range forecaster Paul Pastelok said, "Most places in the vicinity of the path of totality will have to deal with some level of clouds, whether high or low."

The weather service forecast office in Dallas-Ft. Worth was slightly more upbeat about the type of clouds that will be in the area on Monday: "The forecast for Eclipse Day continues to be cloudy, however, not all hope is lost!," the weather service said. "Widespread upper cloud cover is likely, but dense low clouds look less likely! There is a medium chance of partial visibility across parts of North and Central Texas."

Will clouds really ruin the eclipse?

Clouds are just part of weather, and as noted in the latest forecast, it's likely that some of the millions of people in the path of totality for April's total eclipse will have to endure overcast skies that will impact the experience .

But determining how clouds would change your view depends on the types of clouds – and which expert you ask. Some advise eclipse watchers to not worry about the skies, others say an overcast sky can ruin the experience.

Before last year's annular solar eclipse, National Weather Service meteorologist Tim Daldrup told Oregon Public Radio that if clouds are in the forecast, you should hope for the "right kind of clouds."

“If we want to see it, we’ll want the higher-level clouds,” Daldrup told OPR. “Those tend to be the more feathery cirrus clouds that can still be seen through. They might obstruct the eclipse but you can still see it.”

Cirrus clouds would be in contrast to some of the more eclipse-unfriendly clouds, such as a thick deck of lower-level stratus or cumulus clouds that would likely completely block the sun.

Order eclipse glasses online now to have them delivered on time

If you're planning to be among the millions of people in the United States who will witness the spectacular sight on April 8, having a proper pair of glasses is paramount : The sun's rays will pose a danger to unprotected retinas gazing skyward.

If you're buying your specs through American Paper Optics, the nation's largest supplier of eclipse glasses, the company makes it easy for you with a countdown at the top of its website for how much longer you have to procrastinate. As of Wednesday morning , customers have little more than two days to make their purchase and take advantage of the company's express shipping across the country.

That's about the same amount of time allotted to Walmart+ online shoppers , as well as Prime members looking for reputable glasses on Amazon .

Many eclipse websites like GreatAmericanEclipse.com and NationalEclipse.com also sell a variety of eyewear products, along with plenty of other gadgets — but double check that estimated delivery date before checking out.

What is the path of totality and why does it matter?

This eclipse is all about totality. But what is it? Basically, totality is when the moon totally blocks the sun during a total solar eclipse .

The path of totality is the area where people on Earth can see the moon completely cover the sun as the moon's shadow falls upon them. In the U.S., the path of totality of this eclipse stretches from Texas to Maine.

To view all of the stages of a total solar eclipse, you must watch it from somewhere along that path of totality, NASA said. Viewers outside this narrow, roughly 115-mile wide path will only see a partial eclipse of the sun.

If you're not in the path of totality, hundreds of millions of people across the nation will still be able to view the partial eclipse, weather permitting: "The best locations for viewing can be the Southwest and the East, especially east of the Appalachians," AccuWeather lead long-range forecaster Paul Pastelok said. "Cities like El Paso, Albuquerque, Philadelphia, Washington D.C., New York City and Raleigh should all have great views."

"The area from West Texas to southern Arizona should also have favorable viewing conditions," Pastelok added. "These areas will be close to the path of totality with the least amount of cloud cover anticipated."

Is the April 2024 eclipse safe for pets?

An eclipse itself isn't dangerous for domestic animals such as dogs and cats, but experts say it's probably best to not bring pets to experience the April 2024 total solar eclipse .

Experts' biggest concern is not what’s happening in the sky but on the ground as crowds of excited and anxious people gather , said Dr. Rena Carlson, president of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

“Rather than the effects of the eclipse, I would be more worried about the excitement and all of the people,” she said.

Dogs especially will take their cues from their owners rather than the celestial event.

Dr. Jerry Klein, chief veterinarian of the American Kennel Club, said dogs that are sensitive, that have anxiety or are strongly affected by storms are likely to pick up on the emotions of people gathering to watch the eclipse

That’s especially true for pet owners who might be traveling a long distance to see the eclipse .

How are schools are handling the total solar eclipse

Local governments and organizations have been bracing for months to accommodate the millions of Americans hoping to witness the eclipse.

Amongst those planning for the special day are schools , especially those in states in the path of totality . A lot of foresight and logistics go into managing excitement around such a rare event, and school districts across the 13 states in the eclipse's path have been prepping their students, parents and educators well in advance.

States and districts are taking different approaches: some will dismiss students early or close entirely, while others will find ways to incorporate the celestial event into the day's curriculum.

Schools in each state are handling the rare event in their own way, but one thing widely agreed upon by both educators and parents alike – the eclipse is a rare and exciting teaching opportunity.

Traffic likely to be snarled

Experts warn the eclipse excitement could create dangerous and busy traffic conditions as people pack into the narrow band of the country with the best view.

"Pack your patience, whether traveling a great distance or locally, people will be out and about to catch a glimpse of the eclipse," said Aixa Diaz, a spokesperson for the American Automobile Association.

Roads could be especially packed at the center of the eclipse's path as Americans who want the best view crowd into cities, towns and remote areas, many without the infrastructure to handle big crowds.

In Ohio's Lorain County, county officials are warning residents to be aware about the increase in visitors, traffic and jammed roads — and possible cell phone signal drops.

“What we could have is crowds here that we’re not used to,” said Dave Freeman, the director of Lorain County Emergency Management. “We’re not set up infrastructure-wise for that, we don’t have the roads.”

How to photograph a solar eclipse with your cell phone

You'll need to have the right solar filter in front of your cellphone camera to protect both your device and eyesight , according to Carly Stocks, a Utah-based astronomical photographer who talked to USA TODAY.

The filter must be made specifically for solar viewing , Stocks said. She also emphasized the need to place a filter that is larger than the lens itself and to keep it on at all times if you're in a location where the eclipse is only partially visible. She recommends purchasing a small 4- by 4-inch sheet of the Thousand Oaks solar filter.

And if you're observing the sky in a location where the total eclipse is visible, you'll have a moment when you can take off the solar lens entirely and capture unfiltered images.

"During totality, you can remove all filters," Stocks told USA TODAY. "If you're looking with the solar glasses and you don't see anything, then it's safe to look at it during that time."

When is the next total solar eclipse visible from the U.S.?

It will be 20 years before there's a chance to witness a total solar eclipse in the United States again.

According to NASA, after the total solar eclipse on April 8, the next total solar eclipse that can be seen from the contiguous U.S. will be on Aug. 23, 2044.

What time is the solar eclipse on April 8?

The eclipse will begin in Texas at 1:27 p.m. CDT and end in Maine at 3:35 p.m. EDT, but the exact time of the eclipse varies by where you are in its path.

Here are the major cities in each state where you can expect to experience totality (note that the included times do not account for when the partial eclipse begins and ends):

Dallas, Texas: 1:40-1:44 p.m. CDT
Idabel, Oklahoma: 1:45-1:49 p.m. CDT
Little Rock, Arkansas: 1:51-1:54 p.m. CDT
Poplar Bluff, Missouri: 1:56-2:00 p.m. CDT
Paducah, Kentucky: 2-2:02 p.m. CDT
Carbondale, Illinois: 1:59-2:03 p.m. CDT
Evansville, Indiana: 2:02-2:05 p.m. CDT
Cleveland, Ohio: 3:13-3:17 p.m. EDT
Erie, Pennsylvania: 3:16-3:20 p.m. EDT
Buffalo, New York: 3:18-3:22 p.m. EDT
Burlington, Vermont: 3:26-3:29 p.m. EDT
Lancaster, New Hampshire: 3:27-3:30 p.m. EDT
Caribou, Maine: 3:32-3:34 p.m. EDT

NASA will launch 3 rockets into space during the eclipse

NASA is preparing to launch three giant rockets into our atmosphere on the day of the eclipse. The agency is hoping to gather some valuable scientific data about how solar eclipses alter Earth’s upper atmosphere .

NASA is using spacecraft called sounding rockets that are equipped with scientific instruments to take measurements and perform experiments during its sub-orbital flight.

The three rockets will launch from NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia and will reach an intended altitude of 260 miles, NASA said . That's high enough to study disturbances during a total solar eclipse in the ionosphere, a region of Earth’s atmosphere between 55 to 310 miles above the ground.

Scientists hope to collect data on how the sun's sudden disappearance during the eclipse creates disturbances that could interfere with communications here on Earth.

“Understanding the ionosphere and developing models to help us predict disturbances is crucial to making sure our increasingly communication-dependent world operates smoothly," said mission leader Aroh Barjatya , an engineering physicist at Florida's Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.

Eclipse one of many reasons 'flat Earth' claims are nonsense

Despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary, skeptics continue to believe the Earth is flat , a conspiracy theory experts say dangerously feeds into paranoia and spurs an unhealthy skepticism of all science and credible authorities.

The USA TODAY Fact-Check Team has debunked an array of flat Earth-related claims, including that Antarctica is really an ice wall around a flat Earth and the related conspiracy theory that space – and space travel – isn't real.

Experts say the debunked flat Earth conspiracy theory doesn't slow down when an eclipse happens – even though the event is precisely explained because of scientists' deep understanding of celestial bodies and their orbits.

Speaking about the skeptics, Jeffrey Blevins, a professor of journalism at the University of Cincinnati, said "They’re not just primed to believe the Earth is flat, they’re primed to believe you can’t trust science, academics, the media or government,” he said. “And it might also lead you to see other extremist views as plausible.”

Indiana solar eclipse forecasts have changed as of April 4. Could there be clear skies?

UPDATED FORECAST: Click here for latest solar eclipse weather prediction

The weather forecast for the April 8 total solar eclipse in Indianapolis has slightly changed as the day draws near.

The National Weather Service in Indianapolis offers a 7-day forecast, and despite wintry mix of cold and snow we’ve seen lately, the weather during the eclipse could be mild. NWS's prediction center is now saying Indy might see clear skies.

Here’s what meteorologists are forecasting as of April 4.

What’s Indianapolis weather like for April 8?

Still four days away, the forecast is limited and may change as we progress through the week.

The NWS local meteorologists in Indy say there will be a 10% chance of showers for Monday, April 8. This is a slightly better outlook than yesterday’s forecast for Monday which called for a 20% chance.

Skies are predicted to be partly cloudy with a high near 71 degrees . This is warmer than previous forecasts but calls for more cloud cover.

Winds are expected to gust around 22 mph in the afternoon.

Everything eclipse: The total solar eclipse is just days away. Here's everything you need to know

NWS Weather Prediction forecast for the eclipse

The NWS Weather Prediction Center, based out of Maryland, shows greatly improved conditions for Indianapolis during the eclipse.

The center predicts is now forecasting no cloud cover over Indianapolis skies, a huge improvement from its last forecast of at least 50% cloud cover. Northern Indiana is still expected to see some clouds.

Clear skies have become more likely for Central Indiana.

Hazardous weather outlooks are still uncertain, but the center is predicting rain and thunderstorms near the path of totality in Indiana as well as Texas, Arkansas and Ohio.

What does historic weather data show for the eclipse?

IndyStar analyzed historic weather data earlier this year and found disappointing news when it comes to the state’s cloud cover on April 8.

The cloud cover data between 2000-2023 fails to mention the word "sunny" even once, with the best observation being "fair."

NWS defines a "fair" sky as having less than 3/8ths cloud cover. "Partly cloudy" means between 3/8ths and 5/8ths cloud cover. "Mostly cloudy" is when 6/8 to 7/8 of the sky is covered with opaque clouds. And "cloudy" means 7/8ths or more of the sky is obscured.

The breakdown of recent April 8 cloud-cover observations looks like this:

Fair — 5 days
Partly cloudy — 3 days
Mostly cloudy — 6 days
Cloudy — 10 days

Karl Schneider is an IndyStar environment reporter. You can reach him at [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @karlstartswithk

IndyStar's environmental reporting project is made possible through the generous support of the nonprofit Nina Mason Pulliam Charitable Trust.

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