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The History of Computers

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Presentation on theme: "The History of Computers"— Presentation transcript:

Computer Skills Preparatory Year Presented by: L. Obead Alhadreti.

B ASIC C ONCEPTS O F C OMPUTERS Bajaj Coaching Center, Rohtak For more such slides visit bcc2000.com.

Computer History.

11 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

Lecture 1 “History and Evolution of Computers” Informatics.

Chapter Chapter Goals Describe the layers of a computer system Describe the concept of abstraction and its relationship to computing Describe.

Technology in Action Technology in Focus: History of the PC

Computer History Presented by Frank H. Osborne, Ph. D. © 2005 Bio 2900 Computer Applications in Biology.

Appendix The Continuing Story of the Computer Age.

Lecture 2 Computer development history. Topic History of computer development Computer generation Programming language.

History of Computers Lecture 1. History of Computers Mechanical Computers –Abacus –Jacquard Loom –Player Piano –Difference Engine –Analytical Engine –Hollerith.

CS 104 Introduction to Computer Science and Graphics Problems History of Computer 09/05/2008 Yang Song (Prepared by Yang Song and Suresh Solaimuthu)

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History of IT.

1 Chapter 1 The Big Picture. 2 2 Computing systems are dynamic entities used to solve problems and interact with their environment. They consist of devices,

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End Show History of Computers Ancient Times In the beginning, man used his fingers and toes to perform simple computations such as addition and subtraction.

Prepared by: Jasper Francisco. The Early Years 1  In the early years, before the computer was invented, there were several inventions of counting machine.

KEYBOARD – an input device used to type data.

History of computers By Anne Perera.

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The Evolution of Computers: A Comprehensive History in PowerPoint Presentation

The History and Evolution of Computers

Computers have come a long way since their inception, evolving from simple calculating machines to the sophisticated devices we use today. Let’s take a journey through the history of computers to understand how they have evolved over time.

Early Computing Devices

The history of computers can be traced back to ancient times when devices like the abacus were used for basic calculations. In the 19th century, mechanical calculators such as Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine laid the foundation for modern computing.

The First Electronic Computers

The mid-20th century saw the development of the first electronic computers, such as ENIAC and UNIVAC, which revolutionized data processing and computation. These early computers were large, expensive, and primarily used by governments and research institutions.

The Personal Computer Revolution

In the 1970s and 1980s, the invention of microprocessors led to the rise of personal computers (PCs). Companies like Apple and IBM introduced affordable desktop computers that brought computing power into people’s homes and offices.

The Internet Age

The advent of the internet in the late 20th century transformed how we use computers. The World Wide Web enabled global communication, e-commerce, social networking, and access to vast amounts of information at our fingertips.

Modern Computing Technologies

Today, we live in an era of smartphones, tablets, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing. These technologies continue to push the boundaries of what is possible with computers and shape our digital future.

In Conclusion

The history and evolution of computers is a fascinating journey that highlights human ingenuity, innovation, and progress. As we look towards the future, it is exciting to imagine what new advancements in computing technology will bring.

From Abacus to AI: Tracing the Milestones and Evolution of Computer Technology

Start with a brief overview of the history of computers, highlighting key milestones and inventions., include information about the evolution of computer hardware, from early mechanical devices to modern supercomputers., discuss the impact of major technological advancements on the development of computers over time., incorporate visuals such as images or timelines to enhance understanding and engagement., explore how different generations of computers have influenced each other and shaped today’s technology landscape., conclude with future possibilities and trends in computer evolution to provide a forward-looking perspective..

The history and evolution of computers are marked by significant milestones and groundbreaking inventions that have shaped the modern computing landscape. From the ancient abacus to Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, early computing devices laid the groundwork for the development of electronic computers like ENIAC and UNIVAC in the mid-20th century. The introduction of personal computers in the 1970s and 1980s, followed by the internet age and advancements in modern computing technologies, have propelled us into a digital era defined by innovation and progress. This tip on the history and evolution of computers PowerPoint presentation provides a comprehensive overview of these key historical moments, offering valuable insights into how far we have come in the world of computing.

In a PowerPoint presentation on the history and evolution of computers, it is essential to highlight the remarkable evolution of computer hardware. Starting from early mechanical devices like the abacus and Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, the progression of computer hardware has been monumental. Advancements in technology have led to the development of modern supercomputers that can process vast amounts of data at incredible speeds. By showcasing this evolution in hardware, audiences can appreciate how far computer technology has come and gain a deeper understanding of the impact it has had on various aspects of our lives.

When creating a PowerPoint presentation on the history and evolution of computers, it is essential to discuss the impact of major technological advancements on the development of computers over time. By highlighting key milestones such as the invention of the microprocessor, the introduction of personal computers, and the emergence of the internet, you can demonstrate how these advancements have shaped the evolution of computing technology. Exploring how innovations like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and quantum computing have further propelled the field forward will provide valuable insights into how far computers have come and where they may be headed in the future. Understanding the influence of these technological breakthroughs is crucial for appreciating the continuous growth and transformation of computers throughout history.

To enhance understanding and engagement in a PowerPoint presentation about the history and evolution of computers, it is recommended to incorporate visuals such as images or timelines. Visual aids can help illustrate key points, provide context to historical events, and make complex information more digestible for the audience. By including visuals like photographs of early computing devices, diagrams of technological advancements, or timelines showing the progression of computer development, presenters can create a more immersive and impactful learning experience for viewers. Visuals not only enhance comprehension but also keep the audience engaged and interested throughout the presentation.

By delving into the history and evolution of computers through a PowerPoint presentation, one can uncover how various generations of computers have influenced each other, leading to the shaping of today’s technology landscape. From the early mechanical calculators to the modern era of smartphones and artificial intelligence, each advancement has built upon the innovations of its predecessors, creating a rich tapestry of technological progress. Understanding this interconnected web of influences allows us to appreciate the complexity and interconnectedness of the devices we use daily, providing valuable insights into how far we have come and where future developments may lead us.

In conclusion, delving into the history and evolution of computers through a PowerPoint presentation offers valuable insights into how far we have come in the realm of technology. By reflecting on past milestones and breakthroughs, we can better appreciate the rapid pace of innovation that has shaped the computing landscape today. Looking ahead, it is intriguing to consider the future possibilities and trends in computer evolution. Advancements in areas such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and biotechnology hold immense potential to revolutionize how we interact with technology and each other. Embracing these emerging technologies will undoubtedly lead us towards a future where computers play an even more integral role in shaping our lives and society as a whole.

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History of computers - Mini Presentation

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The world's first modern computer, built in Manchester England in 1948, was followed remarkably swiftly by the first business software, but by 1968 software was in crisis and NATO called a conference. The problems were diagnosed, solutions were proposed - and largely ignored. A second Software Crisis was announced in the early 1980's and again the effective solutions were considered impractical and the practical solutions were largely ineffective. Meanwhile as Moore's Law predicted, hardware costs continued to fall exponentially, making software systems ubiquitous and leading to a third software crisis, this time of cybersecurity.

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The historicization of the computer in the second half of the 20th century can be understood as the effect of the inevitable changes in both its technological and narrative development. What interests us is how past futures and therefore history were stabilized. The development, operation, and implementation of machines and programs gave rise to a historicity of the field of computing. Whenever actors have been grouped into communities – for example, into industrial and academic developer communities – new orderings have been constructed historically. Such orderings depend on the ability to refer to archival and published documents and to develop new narratives based on them. Professional historians are particularly at home in these waters – and nevertheless can disappear into the whirlpool of digital prehistory. Toward the end of the 1980s, the first critical review of the literature on the history of computers thus offered several programmatic suggestions. It is one of the peculiar coincidences of history that the future should rear its head again just when the history of computers was flourishing as a result of massive methodological and conceptual input. The emergence of the World Wide Web in the 1990s, which caught historians totally by surprise, led to an ahistorical, anthropological, aesthetic-medial approach to digitization. The program for investigating the prehistory of the digital age was rewritten in favor of explaining the development of communication networks. Computer systems and their concepts dropped out of history. This poses a problem for the history of computers, insofar as the success of the history of technology is tied to the stability of its objects. It seems more promising to us to not attribute the problem to the object called computer or to the “disciplinary” field, but rather to focus entirely on substantive issues. An issue-oriented technological history of the 21st century should be able to do this by treating the history of computers as a refreshing source of productive friction.

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How-To Geek

How to view and restore old versions of powerpoint files.

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Microsoft PowerPoint lets you view and switch to older versions of your presentations. If you accidentally deleted something important and it got overwritten in PowerPoint, here's how to restore it.

Before you get started, make sure that you have a Microsoft 365 subscription. The ability to view and restore previous versions of PowerPoint presentations can be accessed only through a Microsoft 365 subscription.

Fortunately, this subscription also gives you access to all other Office apps, along with 1TB of OneDrive storage. You can put the cloud storage to good use by automatically saving your presentations to OneDrive.

Also, enabling auto-save  on PowerPoint is required for accessing version history. To do so, you'll need to create a new PowerPoint presentation and then turn the "AutoSave" switch on in the document's title bar. When PowerPoint shows you a confirmation pop-up, select "OneDrive."

Related: How to Automatically Save PowerPoint Presentations to OneDrive

Now that you've sorted out the basics, open PowerPoint and load any PowerPoint presentation. There are two ways to check version history here, and we'll show you both.

First, click "File" in the menu bar.

In the left pane, click "Info."

Click "Version History" on the right.

Alternately, you can click the file name at the top of the document that you've opened and select "Version History" from the pop-up menu.

No matter which method you choose, a new pane labeled "Version History" will open up on the right-hand side of your presentation in PowerPoint.

Microsoft PowerPoint sorts older versions of the document by date and time here. To load a previous version of the presentation, click the "Open version" button below the version that you need to go back to.

This will open a read-only file that shows an older version of your PowerPoint presentation. Right below the ribbon menu, you'll see a button labeled "Restore." Click it to go back to the previous version.

Note that this will overwrite your PowerPoint presentation. You can always repeat the same steps to visit the modified version of your document in case you want to copy any additional changes to the older version.

If you use Microsoft 365 apps frequently, you might also be interested in knowing how to restore previous versions of Excel workbooks or Word documents .

Related: How to View and Restore Previous Versions of a Word Document

Blog > The History and Evolution of PowerPoint

The History and Evolution of PowerPoint

04.20.20   •  #ppt #history #versions.

On April 20, 1987, the first version of PowerPoint was released. Because we love the software so much (and we know many of you readers do, too!), we wanted to celebrate PowerPoint’s 33rd birthday with a whole article dedicated to its origins, history, and use cases! 95% of presentations are created with PowerPoint, 30 Million PowerPoint presentations are given everyday, and 500 million people all over the world are using the software. So without further ado, let’s dive into the success story of PowerPoint - with the early beginnings and the development throughout the different versions (except for version 13, which was skipped due to triskaidekaphobia concerns ).

Timeline & Version History

5. july 1984: the idea was created.

Robert Gaskins was hired by Forethought Inc. as vice president of product development. His task was to create a new software for graphical personal computers like Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh. Already 1 month later, Gaskins came up with the idea of PowerPoint. Back then, the project description was labeled as "Presentation Graphics for Overhead Projection". For the next year they continued to work on the first specification of the software.

November 1984: Start of development

Development officially started under the name "Presenter". However, they started to work on the Macintosh version first. The first developer besides Gaskin was Thomas Rudkin, who joined after 6 months.

January 1987: Funding by Apple

To continue development, the team needed more money. Apple's Strategic Investment Group selected the company for its first investment. One month later, when they announced the software at the Personal Computer Forum in Phoenix, famous Apple CEO John Skully reportedly said "We see desktop presentation as potentially a bigger market for Apple than desktop publishing".

21. January 1987: The name PowerPoint was established

Originally, they chose to keep the name "Presenter" for the final software. However, to everyone's surprise, when they tried to register the trademark, their lawyers replied that the name was already used by another software product. The team had to find a new name quickly and thought about "SlideMaker" and "OverheadMaker". According to Gaskins, one night he came up with "Power point" randomly under the shower. Initially, nobody liked it, but when his colleague Glenn Hobin independently had the same idea (he saw a sign on an airport reading "POWER POINT"), they took it for an omen and stuck with the name. The reason why the name now is a single word with an upper-case P is that back then it was required in the naming of all Macintosh software applications. The common belief that PowerPoint got its name because it "empowers" people is therefore wrong.

20. April 1987: PowerPoint 1.0 (Macintosh)

The first 10.000 copies of the first version of PowerPoint for Macintosh shipped from manufacturing by Forethought Inc. The release was received quite well by the media, commenting it "People will buy a Macintosh just to get access to this product."

July 1987: Acquisition by Microsoft

In early 1987 Microsoft started an internal project to develop a software to "create presentations". Shortly after, they heard that a company called Forethought had nearly finished such a software. The successful release of PowerPoint 1.0 convinced Microsoft to buy the company entirely.

May 1988: PowerPoint 2.0 (Macintosh)

One year later, the second version of the software was introduces. It included color, more word processing features, find and replace, spell checking, color schemes for presentations, guide to color selection, ability to change color scheme retrospectively, shaded coloring for fills.

May 1990: First Windows version of PowerPoint

Almost 3 years later, the presentation software was finally released for Windows PCs. It was announced at the same time as Windows 3.0 and was using the same version number as the current Macintosh variant (2.0).

May & September 1990: PowerPoint 3.0

It was the first application designed exclusively for the new Windows 3.1 platform. New features were: full support for TrueType fonts (new in Windows 3.1), presentation templates, editing in outline view, new drawing, including freeform tool, flip, rotate, scale, align, and transforming imported pictures into their drawing primitives to make them editable, transitions between slides in slide show, incorporating sound and video.

February & October 1994: PowerPoint 4.0

The new version included among others: Word tables, rehearsal mode, hidden slides. Moreover, Microsoft first introduced a standard "Microsoft Office" look and feel (shared with Word and Excel), with status bar, toolbars and tooltips.

July 1995: PowerPoint 95 (new version naming)

To align PowerPoint with all other Office applications, Microsoft decided to skip versions 5 and 6 and instead call it PowerPoint 95.

October 2003: PowerPoint 2003

The 2003 version was the first to include the now called "Presenter View": tools visible to presenter during slide show (notes, thumbnails, time clock, re-order and edit slides). Furthermore, it included an option to "Package for CD" to write presentation and viewer app to a CD.

January 2007: PowerPoint 2007

It brought a new user interface (a changeable "ribbon" of tools across the top to replace menus and toolbars), SmartArt graphics, many graphical improvements in text and drawing, improved "Presenter View" and widescreen slide formats. Another major change was the transition from a binary file format, used from 1997 to 2003, to a new XML file format.

June 2010: PowerPoint 2010

This release added: sections within presentations, a reading view, save as video, insert video from web, embedding video and audio as well as enhanced editing for video and for pictures.

October 2012: PowerPoint for Web was released

The first time ever, the presentation software could be used in your web browser without any installation.

January 2013: PowerPoint 2013

Changes: online collaboration by multiple authors, user interface redesigned for multi-touch screens, improved audio, video, animations, and transitions, further changes to Presenter View. Clipart collections (and insertion tool) were removed, but were available online.

July 2013: First PowerPoint app for Android & iPhone

Finally the famous presentation software came on your mobile device with the first versions for Android and iOS. Giving presentations but as well basic editing of slides was already supported on the small screens. However, there wasn’t an iPad optimized version just yet.

September 2015: PowerPoint 2016

September 2018: PowerPoint 2019

New things in 2019: Morph transition, easily remove image backgrounds, inserting 3D models and SVG icons and a handy Zoom feature.

Are you interested in even more details on the story? You're lucky! Robert Gaskins gave an interview at the 25th anniversary of PowerPoint where he reveals even more on the history of the famous presentation software.

Modern use cases of PowerPoint

Most people use PowerPoint mainly for creating presentations, but did you know that there are many other ways of using the software? PowerPoint is not just for presenting plain slides to your audience - it can do much more - here are some interesting use cases you might not know about:

Games are a great way to lighten the mood during a presentation. Also, they engage the audience. Memory, Charades, or PowerPoint Karaoke - your options are endless! You can choose whatever suits your own presentation style and preference. If you don’t feel like thinking of games yourself, check out the best PowerPoint Games article , where you will get a lot of inspiration, creative game ideas and even a Memory template.

The times of boring, uninspired PowerPoint slides are long gone! Instead, we want to see interactive elements that engage the audience in new, exciting ways! Add Q&A sessions, get your audience’s feedback, share media and capture your audience with stories and unexpected elements! If you want to learn more about audience engagement and interaction, check out our blog post on 10 tools to boost Audience Engagement ! (Also, if you want to save time and energy, you can download SlideLizard , which allows you to create polls, do Q&A sessions, share media and slides and get audience feedback - all in one place!).

Quizzes are extremely popular, and you can create them easily with PowerPoint. We promise that your audience will love them! You can even take your quiz to the next level by matching the design of your quiz to popular quiz shows, like "Who wants to be a Millionaire" (actually, we designed a Who wants to be a Millionaire template with the original design and sound effects so you don’t have to do it yourself). Our advice for quizzes: Use a PowerPoint add-on that allows you to do live quizzes, like SlideLizard . That way you can easily let your audience vote via their smartphones or laptops.

Do you know the struggle of talking in front of a shy audience that doesn’t seem to open up? If you do, you’re definitely not alone: many presenters have to cope with this issue everyday. But there’s good news: By using some icebreaker questions at the beginning of your presentation, you can - well - break the ice. From "How are you feeling today" to "What would your superpower be" you could ask anything, really. Especially funny icebreaker questions (e.g. "Have you ever…?") are known to be very effective. You could even do more than one of these questions in the beginning (to be sure the ice is really broken). We've created a list of 20 great icebreaker questions , which you can use as inspiration.

Common struggles

PowerPoint is easy and intuitive to use - which is the reason why it has become the most used presentation software in the first place. However, there are several little struggles users sometimes have to deal with. They are all easy to solve though, and we will show you how.

Sometimes, the wrong language is set in the beginning, or you would simply like to add another language to your existing one. You can easily change that in the settings. In our blog post, you will get a detailed tutorial on how to install a new language pack and switch to your desired language .

Occasionally, PowerPoint files can get really big in file size. The reason for that are usually pictures or videos within the slides. To save a lot of storage space, you can compress your PowerPoint’s file size (without losing quality!). To learn how to do it, read this detailed step-by-step tutorial on reducing PPT file size .

This problem occurs often: You design a perfect presentation with custom fonts on your computer at home, but once you want to give that presentation on a different computer, all your beautiful custom fonts are gone and replaced with default fonts. That’s really annoying, but can be solved by embedding fonts into your .pptx file .

Templates are so useful, as they save so much time. The sad thing is that not that many people actually use them. We want to contribute to changing that by teaching you how to make your own custom design template for PowerPoint . And if you don’t feel like creating a template yourself, you can download one of ours for free:

• the wonderful Blue Alps template
• the simplistic Elegant Architecture template
• the fresh Caribbean template to get that summer holiday feeling

When was PowerPoint created?

The idea of PowerPoint came up in 1984. In the following years, development started under the name "Presenter". In 1987, the first version of PowerPoint for Macintosh was released. The first Windows release followed in 1990.

When did PowerPoint come out?

The first version of PowerPoint for Macintosh came out on April 20, 1987. The initial Windows version followed 3 years later, in May 1990.

Who created / invented / developed PowerPoint?

Robert Gaskins is one of the inventors of PowerPoint. He developed the first version with the help of his colleagues at Forethought Inc., Dennis Austin and Thomas Rudkin. Microsoft bought the company in 1987.

How old is PowerPoint?

The first version of PowerPoint was released on April 20, 1987, which means that PowerPoint celebrates its 33rd birthday in 2020. However, it was for Macintosh only, the Windows version was release in May 1990.

When did PowerPoint become popular?

According to Google Trends, PowerPoint had its peak in popularity in November 2009 (measured by number of searches). However, PowerPoint was already a popular presentation software in the 1990s.

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Pia works in Marketing as a graphic designer and writer at SlideLizard. She uses her vivid imagination and creativity to produce good content.

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Computer History

Mar 21, 2019

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Computer History. The Computer Years. What is a Computer?. Before 1945, definition of a computer was a human who computes or calculates After 1945, the definition was added to include an automated electronic machine for performing calculations. Mark 1.

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Presentation Transcript

ComputerHistory The Computer Years

What is a Computer? • Before 1945, definition of a computer was a human who computes or calculates • After 1945, the definition was added to include an automated electronic machine for performing calculations

Mark 1 • Mark 1 was the first large-scale automatic digital computer in the U.S.A. It was devised by Howard H. Aiken and was built at IBM. Handled 23-decimal-place numbers (words) and could perform all four arithmetic operations requiring 3 to 5 seconds for a multiplication. The Mark 1 made its first calculation in 1943.

Mark I • 1st successful program-controlled calculator • was Electro-mechanical (a long ways from what we now know as a computer) • 50 feet long, weighed 5 tons and 500 miles of wire • could multiply 10-digit numbers in 3 seconds • Navy used until the end of World War II

Howard Aiken • Harvard Professor • in 1937, started building automatic calculating machine • completed the Mark I in 1944 • did not believe that the use of computers would become widespread • predicted in 1947, that only 6 computers would be needed to fulfill all the United States’ computing needs

ENIACElectronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator • 1st Electronic General-Purpose Computer • could be programmed to do different functions • funded by US Army • completed December 1945 • built by John Mauchly & JP Eckert Jr. • 100 feet long, 10 feet high, 3 feet deep • weighed 30 tons

ENIAC • used 18,000 vacuum tubes & 6000 switches • operating instructions fed externally (had to be re-wired) • No memory, could not store information • only mechanical elements were external, needed to be electrical to be as fast as possible • street lights dimmed in Philadelphia when first turned on • Patent on its design was rejected

ENIAC • A Nuclear Physics problem was the first to be solved • took 2 hours to solve • it would have taken 100mathematicians using mechanical calculators 1 year to solve working on the problem 24/7 • 300times faster than the Mark I

Vacuum Tubes • Vacuum tubes are sealed glass used in electronic circuitry to control the electrons sealed inside the tubes. • They are used for: the amplification of weak currents, rectification of an altering current to direct current (AC to DC), generating of oscillating radio-frequency power for radio, radar, and more. • Some of the earliest forms of a vacuum tube were recorded in the late 17th century but it wasn’t until 1850 when they created sophisticated versions of vacuum tubes. • Some of the first computers were made out of vacuum tubes. (1946)

Vacuum Tubes • 18,000 vacuum tubes was used in the ENIAC • Key component of the First Generation computers • replaced switches in the electro-mechanical computer making electronic and faster

John Mauchly • in 1942, wrote a memo proposing a general purpose electronic computer • contracted by the Army to build the ENIAC • he and JP Eckert started the 1st Computer company • he and Eckert would build • ENIAC • EDVAC • BINAC • UNIVAC

JP ECKERT JR. • invented the first general-purpose electronic computer, the ENIAC • Worked with John William Mauchly • They together invented the UNIVAC • born in 1919, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • Moore Engineering School at the University of Pennsylvania

JP Eckert Jr • was at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering when Mauchly proposed the ENIAC • he and Mauchly would start the 1st Computer company • he and Mauchly would build • ENIAC • EDVAC • BINAC • UNIVAC

John von Neumann • Lived from 1903-1957, and was born in Hungary • In between 1945 and 1955 he developed the MANIAC, (mathematical analyzer numerical integrator and computer), which at the time was the fastest computer of its time. Which just so happened to run on lots of vacuum tubes.

John von Neumann • proposed the internally programmed computer in 1945 • computer would accept & store a set of instructions • programmed by a set of cards containing instructions • tested with sample data before using actual data • would be self-directing, NO human intervention • 2 computers would be the first to do this: • EDVAC • EDSAC • beginning of the Computer Age

EDVAC • 1950 in the United States • vast improvement on the ENIAC • Mauchly & Eckert started to work on it, 2 years before ENIAC was down • it had Internal memory so it could store its program • von Neumann helped with program but came in conflict with Eckert

EDSAC • Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator. • Performed its first calculation in May 1949. • Inspired by John Von Neumann • Made in England

Beginning of the “Computer Age” EDSAC – 1949 (England) EDVAC – 1950 (U.S.) • These 2 computers mark the beginning of “Computer Age” because every computer since them has focused on” • Speed • Size • Cost

MoreImportantPeoplein theHistoryofComputers

1912-1954 Alan Turing • Alan Turing’s importance to computers is the inventing of the Turing machine. • The Turing machine is a theatrical but simple device that can be adapted to simulate the logic of any computer. Also particularly useful in explaining the functions of the CPU. By Chris Woof

Alan Turing • British Code breaker • thought computers should be Logical thinkers not just calculating machines

Konrad Zuse • He was born in 1910 and died in 1995. • Made the worlds first functional program. • Invented Z1,Z2,Z3, and Z4.Also invented the first high-level programming language “Plankalkül.”

Konrad Zuse • German engineer • came up with the idea of using “Binary Digits” in computing • built a electro-mechanical computer (Z3) because he was “Lazy”

Grace Hopper • Born in New York City on December 9, 1906 • Hopper was a American computer scientist. • She developed the first complier for a computer programming language.

Grace Hopper • one of the first programmers • coined the word ‘Debug’ • helped develop the COBOL programming language in 1955 • pushed programming languages to use English and be more people-friendly • pushed for computers to be accessible to everyone not just the military

Thomas Watson Jr. • Thomas Watson Jr. was chairman and chief executive during IBM’s most explosive period of growth. He was President of IBM from 1952—1971. During his leadership IBM became one of the largest industrial corporations in the world. By the time he stepped down IBM had a gross revenue of $8.3 billion.(January 14,1914--December 31, 1993)

Thomas Watson Jr. • despite protest from his father, pushed IBM into the Computer Age in the 1950s • during the 1960s & ’70s, 70% of the world’s computers had an IBM logo

Doug Engelbart • invented the Computer mouse in 1967 • also promoted the use of online conferencing and collaboration • also developed ‘hypertext’

Bill Gates • founded Microsoft with Paul Allen in 1975 • one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution • released the first version of “Windows” in 1985

Steven Jobs • Steven was also known as Steve Jobs. • He was born February 24, 1955. • In the late 1970s Jobs, with Apple co-founder Steve Wozinak, created one of the first commercially successful personal computers. • Jobs was among the first to see the mouse- driven graphical user interface.

continue of Steven Jobs • Until recently, Bill Gates has been viewed as the villain of the tech world, while his archrival, Steve Jobs, enjoys an almost saintly reputation. • After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs resigned from Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher education and business markets.

Steven Wozniak Steven Wozniak was born in San Jose California 1950 He made the first apple computer in 1976 In 1980 he went public with his computer and became a millionaire

Steven Jobs & Steven Wozniak • friends in High School • both very interested in electronics & technology • both dropped out of college • joined the “Homebrew Computer Club” • started Apple in 1977 with release of Apple II • by 1982, Apple was worth $401 million (the Fastest Growing Company ever)

Important Computers

BINAC • 1949 • built by Mauchly & Eckert • 1st computer to use Magnetic tape instead of punch cards

LEO • built by the J. Lyons and Company which was the leading Danish & Pastry company in UK • built in 1951 • became the leading Computer company in UK

UNIVAC • AKA THE Universal Automatic Computer • First US commercial computer • Made by Dr. Presper Eckert and Dr. John Mauchly, the pair that invented the ENIAC computer • The US Census Beuru needed a computer to deal with the baby boom population • April 1946 they recived a 300,000 dollar grant for the univac

UNIVAC INSTALLED • UNIVAC was delivered to the United States Census Bureau on March 31, 1951, and was dedicated on June 14 that year • The 5th computer of the series was given to the US energy Commission which was used to predict the US Election • Had slow sales because it couldn’t read punch cards • 1951-1954 these 46 systems were installed at 1.5 million dollars a piece • UNIVAC I used 5,200 vacuum tubes weighed 29,000 pounds

UNIVAC • 1951 • built by Mauchly & Eckert • First Commercial Computer • predicted the 1952 U.S. Presidential Election, Eisenhower to win in a Landslide

IBM 650 was one of IBM’s first computers and the wolds first mass produced IBM 650

IBM 650 • 1954 • 1st truly Mass-Produced computer • inexpensive for the time • widely accepted by the Business world • IBM had a Great Sales Force • still used the punch cards • not nearly as good as a computer as the UNIVAC

Altair • The first MITS Altair 8800 was made on January 1,1975. • Altair was the first machine to run Microsoft software.

Altair • 1974 • 1st commercially successful micro (personal) computer • came in a kit that you assembled yourself for $400 • MITS, Inc hoped to sell 200 to break-even, but in 3 months had over 4000 orders • no keyboard, printer or input device • little internal memory & no external memory • difficult to assemble & operate

Apple I • built by Steven Wozniak in 1976 • used parts “borrowed” from Hewitt-Packard where worked • not taken very seriously • Steven Jobs was very impressed & wanted to market it • Both men quit their jobs and sold prized possessions (Volkswagon van – Jobs, scientific calculator – Woz) to finance their new company and build…

Apple II • 1977 • made personal computers a household term • had a plastic case • could do color graphics

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