research papers of superconductors

Suggestions or feedback?

MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Machine learning
• Social justice
• Black holes
• Classes and programs

Departments

• Aeronautics and Astronautics
• Brain and Cognitive Sciences
• Architecture
• Political Science
• Mechanical Engineering

Centers, Labs, & Programs

• Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL)
• Picower Institute for Learning and Memory
• Lincoln Laboratory
• School of Architecture + Planning
• School of Engineering
• School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences
• Sloan School of Management
• School of Science
• MIT Schwarzman College of Computing

Physicists discover a new switch for superconductivity

Press contact :, media download.

*Terms of Use:

Images for download on the MIT News office website are made available to non-commercial entities, press and the general public under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives license . You may not alter the images provided, other than to crop them to size. A credit line must be used when reproducing images; if one is not provided below, credit the images to "MIT."

Previous image Next image

Under certain conditions — usually exceedingly cold ones — some materials shift their structure to unlock new, superconducting behavior. This structural shift is known as a “nematic transition,” and physicists suspect that it offers a new way to drive materials into a superconducting state where electrons can flow entirely friction-free.

But what exactly drives this transition in the first place? The answer could help scientists improve existing superconductors and discover new ones.

Now, MIT physicists have identified the key to how one class of superconductors undergoes a nematic transition, and it’s in surprising contrast to what many scientists had assumed.

The physicists made their discovery studying iron selenide (FeSe), a two-dimensional material that is the highest-temperature iron-based superconductor. The material is known to switch to a superconducting state  at temperatures as high as 70 kelvins (close to -300 degrees Fahrenheit). Though still ultracold, this transition temperature is higher than that of most superconducting materials.

The higher the temperature at which a material can exhibit superconductivity, the more promising it can be for use in the real world, such as for realizing powerful electromagnets for more precise and lightweight MRI machines or high-speed, magnetically levitating trains.

For those and other possibilities, scientists will first need to understand what drives a nematic switch in high-temperature superconductors like iron selenide. In other iron-based superconducting materials, scientists have observed that this switch occurs when individual atoms suddenly shift their magnetic spin toward one coordinated, preferred magnetic direction.

But the MIT team found that iron selenide shifts through an entirely new mechanism. Rather than undergoing a coordinated shift in spins, atoms in iron selenide undergo a collective shift in their orbital energy. It’s a fine distinction, but one that opens a new door to discovering unconventional superconductors.

“Our study reshuffles things a bit when it comes to the consensus that was created about what drives nematicity,” says Riccardo Comin, the Class of 1947 Career Development Associate Professor of Physics at MIT. “There are many pathways to get to unconventional superconductivity. This offers an additional avenue to realize superconducting states.”

Comin and his colleagues have published their results today in a study appearing in Nature Materials . Co-authors at MIT include Connor Occhialini, Shua Sanchez, and Qian Song, along with Gilberto Fabbris, Yongseong Choi, Jong-Woo Kim, and Philip Ryan at Argonne National Laboratory.

Following the thread

The word “nematicity” stems from the Greek word “nema,” meaning “thread” — for instance, to describe the thread-like body of the nematode worm. Nematicity is also used to describe conceptual threads, such as coordinated physical phenomena. For instance, in the study of liquid crystals, nematic behavior can be observed when molecules assemble in coordinated lines.

In recent years, physicists have used nematicity to describe a coordinated shift that drives a material into a superconducting state. Strong interactions between electrons cause the material as a whole to stretch infinitesimally, like microscopic taffy, in one particular direction that allows electrons to flow freely in that direction. The big question has been what kind of interaction causes the stretching. In some iron-based materials, this stretching seems to be driven by atoms that spontaneously shift their magnetic spins to point in the same direction. Scientists have therefore assumed that most iron-based superconductors make the same, spin-driven transition.

But iron selenide seems to buck this trend. The material, which happens to transition into a superconducting state at the highest temperature of any iron-based material, also seems to lack any coordinated magnetic behavior.

“Iron selenide has the least clear story of all these materials,” says Sanchez, who is an MIT postdoc and NSF MPS-Ascend Fellow. “In this case, there’s no magnetic order. So, understanding the origin of nematicity requires looking very carefully at how the electrons arrange themselves around the iron atoms, and what happens as those atoms stretch apart.”

A super continuum

In their new study, the researchers worked with ultrathin, millimeter-long samples of iron selenide, which they glued to a thin strip of titanium. They mimicked the structural stretching that occurs during a nematic transition by physically stretching the titanium strip, which in turn stretched the iron selenide samples. As they stretched the samples by a fraction of a micron at a time, they looked for any properties that shifted in a coordinated fashion.

Using ultrabright X-rays, the team tracked how the atoms in each sample were moving, as well as how each atom’s electrons were behaving. After a certain point, they observed a definite, coordinated shift in the atoms’ orbitals. Atomic orbitals are essentially energy levels that an atom’s electrons can occupy. In iron selenide, electrons can occupy one of two orbital states around an iron atom. Normally, the choice of which state to occupy is random. But the team found that as they stretched the iron selenide, its electrons began to overwhelmingly prefer one orbital state over the other. This signaled a clear, coordinated shift, along with a new mechanism of nematicity, and superconductivity.

“What we’ve shown is that there are different underlying physics when it comes to spin versus orbital nematicity, and there’s going to be a continuum of materials that go between the two,” says Occhialini, an MIT graduate student. “Understanding where you are on that landscape will be important in looking for new superconductors.”

This research was supported by the Department of Energy, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the National Science Foundation.

Share this news article on:

Related links.

• Riccardo Comin
• Department of Physics

Related Topics

• Electronics
• Superconductivity
• Materials science and engineering
• Materials Research Laboratory
• Department of Energy (DoE)
• National Science Foundation (NSF)

Related Articles

Physicists observe an exotic “multiferroic” state in an atomically thin material

Physicists discover “secret sauce” behind exotic properties of a new quantum material

Physicists uncover secrets of world’s thinnest superconductor

Physicists find a novel way to switch antiferromagnetism on and off

MIT researchers realize “ideal” kagome metal electronic structure

Previous item Next item

More MIT News

Francis Fan Lee, former professor and interdisciplinary speech processing inventor, dies at 96

Read full story →

Fostering research, careers, and community in materials science

Natural language boosts LLM performance in coding, planning, and robotics

Nuno Loureiro named director of MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center

Studies in empathy and analytics

Science communication competition brings research into the real world

• More news on MIT News homepage →

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA

• Map (opens in new window)
• Events (opens in new window)
• People (opens in new window)
• Careers (opens in new window)
• Accessibility
• Social Media Hub
• MIT on Facebook
• MIT on YouTube
• MIT on Instagram

A Comprehensive Review of Superconductivity Research Productivity

• Published: 22 July 2022
• Volume 35 , pages 2621–2637, ( 2022 )

Cite this article

• Ibrahim Olanrewaju Alade   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-2618 1 ,
• Md Safiqur Rahaman 2 &
• Talal F. Qahtan 3  

1082 Accesses

1 Altmetric

Explore all metrics

This study discusses the development in the field of superconductivity with a focus on the analysis of research publications in superconductivity based on the information from the Web of Science from 1929 to 2021. The work provides the most comprehensive scientometric study on superconductivity to date, which covers the analysis of 79,061 publications. Specifically, the following analyses were conducted: research trends between 1929 and 2021, country-wise research productivity, journal sources analysis, most productive organizations, most influential funding agencies, and research clusters. The study demonstrates that there is a steady growth in superconductivity research. This study also revealed that the USA emerged as the most prolific country with 19,587 publications and 738,984 citations, followed by Japan with 15,923 publications and 347,488 citations, then China with 9743 publications and 152,487 citations, and Germany with 6402 publications and 166,211 citations. Also, the majority of the publications were published in Physical Review B, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, Physica C, Superconductivity and Its Applications, Physical Review Letters. The most productive funding organizations identified are the National Natural Science Foundation of China, United States Department of Energy, Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology Japan, National Science Foundation, and Japan Society for The Promotion of Science. The authors believe this report will be useful for scientists, funding organizations, and policymakers that are interested in superconductivity in making critical research funding decisions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

The PRO-RES Guidance Framework for Scientific Research: A Novel Response to Long-Standing Issues

International perspective on nanotechnology papers, patents, and nsf awards (2000–2016), r & d on carbon nanostructures in russia: scientometric analysis, 1990–2011.

Wördenweber, R., Vanacken, J.: Tutorial on nanostructured superconductors. Supercond. Nanoscale From Basic Res. to Appl. 1–27 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110456806-001/MACHINEREADABLECITATION/RIS

Kunitski, M., Eicke, N., Huber, P., Köhler, J., Zeller, S., Voigtsberger, J., Schlott, N., Henrichs, K., Sann, H., Trinter, F., Schmidt, L.P.H., Kalinin, A., Schöffler, M.S., Jahnke, T., Lein, M., Dörner, R.: Benchmarking an 11-qubit quantum computer. Nat Commun. 10 , 1–6 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07882-8

Article   ADS   Google Scholar  

Huang, H.L., Wu, D., Fan, D., Zhu, X.: Superconducting quantum computing: a review. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 2020. 63 , 1–32 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/S11432-020-2881-9

Ma, Y.: Near-room-temperature superconductivity in hydrogen sulfide. NPG Asia Mater. 2016 81. 8 , e236–e236 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2015.147

Sharma, R.G.: A review of theories of superconductivity. Springer Ser. Mater. Sci. 214 , 123–160 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75672-7_4

Article   Google Scholar  

Goodman, B.B.: Type II superconductors. Reports. Prog. Phys. 29 , 445 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/29/2/302

Stewart, G.R.: Unconventional superconductivity. 66 , 75–196 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2017.1331615

Batlogg, B.: A critical review of selected experiments in high-Tc superconductivity. Phys. B Condens. Matter. 169 , 7–16 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(91)90201-O

A critical review of selected experiments in high-Tc superconductivity - ScienceDirect, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/092145269190201O

Bardeen, J.: Review of the present status of the theory of superconductivity. IBM J. Res. Dev. 6 , 3–11 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1147/RD.61.0003

Article   MathSciNet   Google Scholar  

Marsiglio, F.: Eliashberg theory: a short review. Ann. Phys. (N. Y). 417 , 168102 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AOP.2020.168102

Stewart, G.R.: Superconductivity in iron compounds. Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 , 1589 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/REVMODPHYS.83.1589/FIGURES/30/MEDIUM

Lee, D.H.: Routes to high-temperature superconductivity: a lesson from FeSe/SrTiO3. 9 , 261–282 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-033117-053942

Chu, C.W., Hor, P.H., Meng, R.L., Gao, L., Huang, Z.J.: Superconductivity at 52.5 K in the Lanthanum-Barium-Copper-Oxide System. Science. 235 , 567–569 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.235.4788.567

Bednorz, J.G., Müller, K.A.: Possible highT c superconductivity in the Ba−La−Cu−O system. Zeitschrift für Phys. B Condens. Matter 1986 642. 64 , 189–193 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01303701

Hamoudi, A.R., May, A., Henniche, A., Ouyang, J.H., Guillet, A.: A comparative study of (Ce) and (Gd) doping influence on the superconducting properties of YBCO ceramics. Ceram. Int. 47 , 25314–25323 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2021.05.253

Ye, S., Suo, H.L., Wu, Z.P., Liu, M., Xu, Y., Ma, L.: Research on improving in-field property of YBCO films. Wuji Cailiao Xuebao/Journal Inorg. Mater. 26 , 765–768 (2011). https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1077.2011.00765

Brylewski, T., Przybylski, K., Morawski, A., Gajda, D., Cetner, T., Chmist, J.: Soft-chemistry synthesis of Ba2Ca2Cu3O x precursor and characterization of high-T c Hg0.8Pb0.2Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+δ superconductor. J. Adv. Ceram. 2016 53. 5 , 185–196 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/S40145-016-0189-X

Cho, A.: Condensed matter physics: new superconductors propel Chinese physicists to forefront. Science. 320 , 432–433 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.320.5875.432/ASSET/BC66BBDF-CF6E-4053-87B3-5CF8C7125753/ASSETS/GRAPHIC/432-2.GIF

Chen, X.H., Wu, G., Xie, Y.L., Chen, H., Zhong, M., Liu, R.H., Shi, B.C., Li, Q.J., Wang, X.F., Wu, T., Yan, Y.J., Ying, J.J.: Superconductivity at 56 K in samarium-doped SrFeAsF. J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 21 , 142203 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/14/142203

Drozdov, A.P., Kong, P.P., Minkov, V.S., Besedin, S.P., Kuzovnikov, M.A., Mozaffari, S., Balicas, L., Balakirev, F., Graf, D., Prakapenka, V.B., Greenberg, E., Knyazev, D.A., Tkacz, M., Eremets, M.I.: Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures.

Wang, X., Bi, T., Hilleke, K.P., Lamichhane, A., Hemley, R.J., Zurek, E.: A little bit of carbon can do a lot for superconductivity in H 3 S. (2021)

Service, R.: After decades, room temperature superconductivity achieved. Science. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.ABF2621

Scheuer, C., Boot, E., Carse, N., Clardy, A., Gallagher, J., Heck, S., Marron, S., Martinez-Alvarez, L., Masarykova, D., Mcmillan, P., Murphy, F., Steel, E., Ekdom, H. Van, Vecchione, H.: Superconductivity: recent developments and new production technologies. Phys. Educ. Sport Child. Youth with Spec. Needs Res. – Best Pract. – Situat. 343–354 (2012).

Arunachalam, S., Singh, U.N.: Sophisticated science in a small country: a scientometric analysis of superconductivity research in Israel: https://doi.org/10.1177/016555158501000405 . 10 , 165–171 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/016555158501000405

Jiang, G., Rousseau, R., Wu, Y., Rao, M.K., Raghavan, K.S.: Collaboration in knowledge production: a case study of superconductivity research in India. 230–240 (2003)

González, J.D., De La Hoz, J., Beltrán, J.R.: Scientometric study of superconductivity research in South America from 1980 to 2019. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1391 , 012133 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1391/1/012133

Chen, X., Ding, R., Xu, K., Wang, S., Hao, T., Zhou, Y.: A bibliometric review of natural language processing empowered mobile computing. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 2018, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1827074

Mariam, A.T., Olalusi, O.B., Haupt, T.C.: A scientometric review and meta-analysis of the health and safety of women in construction: structure and research trends. J. Eng. Des. Technol. 19 , 446–466 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-07-2020-0291

Mills, M.C., Rahal, C.: A scientometric review of genome-wide association studies. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-018-0261-x

Maeda, H., Tanaka, Y., Fukutomi, M., Asano, T.: A new High-Tcoxide superconductor without a rare earth element. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27 , L209–L210 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.27.L209/XML

Emery, V.J.: Theory of High-T, Superconductivity in Oxideq. 58 , (1987)

Cava, R.J., Batlogg, B., Van Dover, R.B., Murphy, D.W., Sunshine, S., Siegrist, T., Remeika, J.P., Rietman, E.A., Zahurak, S., Espinosa Atd’, G.P.: Bulk superconductivity at 91 K in single-phase oxygen-deficient Perovskite Ba2YCu309-b. 58 , 16 (1987)

Michel, C., Hervieu, M., Borel, M.M., Grandin, A., Deslandes, F., Provost, J., Raveau, B.: Superconductivity in the Bi - Sr - Cu - O system. Zeitschrift für Phys. B Condens. Matter 1987 684. 68 , 421–423 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01471071

Brandt, E.H., Indenbom, M.: Type-II-superconductor strip with current in a perpendicular magnetic field. Phys. Rev. B. 48 , 12893 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.12893

Nelson, D.R., Vinokur, V.M.: Boson localization and correlated pinning of superconducting vortex arrays. Phys. Rev. B. 48 , 13060 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.13060

Bauer, E.D., Frederick, N.A., Ho, P.C., Zapf, V.S., Maple, M.B.: Superconductivity and heavy fermion behavior in (formula presented). Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 65 , 1–4 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVB.65.100506

Orlando, T.P., Mooij, J.E., Tian, L., Van Der Wal, C.H., Levitov, L.S., Lloyd, S., Mazo, J.J.: Superconducting persistent-current qubit. Phys. Rev. B. 60 , 15398 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.60.15398

Izawa, K., Yamaguchi, H., Matsuda, Y., Shishido, H., Settai, R., Onuki, Y.: Angular position of nodes in the superconducting gap of quasi-2D heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn 5 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 , 057002 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.057002

Varma, C.M., Zaanen, J., Raghavachari, K.: Superconductivity in the fullerenes. Science (80-. ). 254 , 989–992 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.254.5034.989

Mathur, N.D., Grosche, F.M., Julian, S.R., Walker, I.R., Freye, D.M., Haselwimmer, R.K.W., Lonzarich, G.G.: Magnetically mediated superconductivity in heavy fermion compounds. Nat. 1998 3946688. 394 , 39–43 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/27838

Saxena, S.S., Agarwal, P., Ahilan, K., Grosche, F.M., Haselwimmer, R.K.W., Steiner, M.J., Pugh, E., Walker, I.R., Julian, S.R., Monthoux, P., Lonzarich, G.G., Huxley, A., Sheikin, I., Braithwaite, D., Flouquet, J.: Superconductivity on the border of itinerant-electron ferromagnetism in UGe2. Nat. 2000 4066796. 406 , 587–592 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/35020500

Helfand, E., Werthamer, N.R.: Temperature and purity dependence of the superconducting critical field, Hc2. II. Phys. Rev. 147 , 288 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.147.288

Article   ADS   MATH   Google Scholar  

Allender, D., Bardeen, J.: Model for an exciton mechanism of superconductivity. Phys. Rev. B. 7 , 1020 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.7.1020

Finnemore, D.K., Stromberg, T.F., Swenson, C.A.: Superconducting properties of high-purity niobium. Phys. Rev. 149 , 231 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.149.231

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dharhran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

Ibrahim Olanrewaju Alade

Deanship of Library Affairs, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

Md Safiqur Rahaman

Physics Department, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

Talal F. Qahtan

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ibrahim Olanrewaju Alade .

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Annual growth of superconductivity research in terms of TP, TC, and TC/TP between 1929 and 2021

• TP total publication, TC total citation, TC/TP average citation per publication

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Alade, I.O., Rahaman, M.S. & F. Qahtan, T. A Comprehensive Review of Superconductivity Research Productivity. J Supercond Nov Magn 35 , 2621–2637 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-022-06326-1

Download citation

Received : 19 March 2022

Accepted : 19 June 2022

Published : 22 July 2022

Issue Date : October 2022

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-022-06326-1

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Superconductivity
• Superconductors
• Bibliometric
• Web of Science
• Research assessment
• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research

Help | Advanced Search

Condensed Matter > Superconductivity

Title: observation of two-level critical-state in a van-der-waals superconductor pt(bi$_{1-x}$se$_x$)$_2$.

Abstract: Trigonal PtBi$_2$ is one of the attractive van-der-Waals materials because of the enhancement of its superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm{c}}$ by doping chalcogen elements such as Se and Te. Recently, it has been reported that $T_{\rm{c}}$ of Pt(Bi$_{1-x}$Se$_x$)$_2$ is enhanced by a factor of 4, compared to the pristine PtBi$_2$, together with the polar-nonpolar structural phase transition. Thus, it is desirable to study electrical transport properties for this new superconducting compound. Here, we have performed magnetotransport measurements for Pt(Bi$_{1-x}$Se$_x$)$_2$ ($x$ = 0.06 and 0.08) thin-film devices and have observed a peculiar magnetoresistance where a finite hysteresis appears when the superconducting state is broken. By measuring the magnetoresistance systematically, we have attributed this magnetoresistance to the two-level critical-state where fluxons pinned in Pt(Bi$_{1-x}$Se$_x$)$_2$ play an important role.

Submission history

Access paper:.

• Other Formats

References & Citations

• Google Scholar
• Semantic Scholar

BibTeX formatted citation

Bibliographic and Citation Tools

Code, data and media associated with this article, recommenders and search tools.

• Institution

arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators

arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.

Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.

Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs .

• by Greg Watry
• April 29, 2024

To uncover the quantum origins of superconductivity — the ability for some materials to conduct electricity without energy loss — scientists investigate the electronic characteristics of condensed matter materials through a variety of techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

In a  study appearing in Review of Scientific Instruments, UC Davis researchers report a refined NMR method for investigating condensed matter materials, improving the sensitivity of the method by roughly 1,000 times.

“We’re trying to understand what drives materials to become superconductors,” said  Nicholas Curro , a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at UC Davis and co-author on the paper. “One of the things that people have uncovered is that there’s a certain class of superconductors that seem to be very sensitive to distortions, so if you stretch or compress it. We’ve distorted crystals in the past, but our pulsed technique is really novel.”

In the study, Curro, UC Davis graduate student Cameron Chaffey and Macalester College undergraduate student Caleb Williams, among others, exerted straining forces on BaFe 2 As 2 , a compound related to iron-based superconductors.

“This compound isn’t necessarily superconducting on its own,” said Chaffey, a fourth year Ph.D. student in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. “But with strain or with the introduction of other materials, we can see some interesting effects. It’s also very similar in structure to other superconductors.”

By perturbing such condensed matter, through either straining or stretching, scientists can learn more about the electronic characteristics of compounds of interest, thereby probing the origins of emergent phenomena like superconductivity.

Bombarding crystals

To test the quantum mechanical effects of strain on BaFe 2 As 2 , the researchers bombarded crystals of the compound with radio waves while also applying straining forces. The research involved fabricating a device capable of creating straining forces through electric pulsations.

“We weren’t necessarily sure this was going to work,” said Chaffey, who said a lot of work went into learning how to create pulses and learning how long to expose the material to them. “With the NMR, we’re really worried about the signal-to-noise ratio, so we’re always trying to increase the signal and reduce the noise. And that comes with trial and error.” 

Through experimentation, the team confirmed that their refined NMR method detected how applied strain affected the BaFe 2 As 2 ’s nematicity with much higher sensitivity than previously achieved. Nematicity refers to when a material’s structure breaks from its rotational symmetry. For this specific experiment, the pulsations affected BaFe 2 As 2 ’s crystal lattice structure. 

“There’s a certain direction in which strain really causes a change in the orbitals and we can measure that effect on the NMR response,” Chaffey said. 

It’s this shift in structure that scientists believe leads to emergent phenomena, like superconductivity. 

With the method proven and reported, the researchers hope others will use it to further investigate superconducting materials. For Williams, who joined Curro’s research group through the  Department of Physics and Astronomy’s Research Experience for Undergraduates Program , the research was an opportunity to explore the connection between the theoretical and the experimental.

“Condensed matter physics is a unique scenario where you can learn a lot about theory, but it’s also a little easier to do the actual experiments,” said Williams, who was comparing the field to other areas like astrophysics. 

“You can do things that you would never be able to do in outer space,” added Chaffey. “We know that things are happening in crystals and in materials, but when you rearrange those particles, unbelievable things do happen, like superconductivity.” 

Primary Category

share this!

April 29, 2024

This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

fact-checked

peer-reviewed publication

trusted source

Hydride research pushes frontiers of practical, accessible superconductivity

by Bryan Luhn, University of Houston

Science is taking a step forward in the quest for superconductors that will not require ultra-high pressure to function, thanks to multinational research led by Xiaojia Chen at the University of Houston.

"It has long been superconductivity researchers' goal to ease or even eliminate the critical controls currently required regarding temperature and pressure ," said Chen, the M.D. Anderson Professor of Physics at UH's College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and a principal investigator at the Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH.

The evolution toward eliminating the current special handling now required by superconductive material—which is defined as material that offers little or no impedance from electrical resistance or magnetic fields—hints that the potential for radical boosts in efficiency for certain processes in research, health care, industry, and other commercial enterprises might become reality before long.

But currently, the conditions needed for successful superconductivity outstretch the resources of many potential users, even many research laboratories.

Chen explains that lowering the accessible pressure for superconductivity is one important goal of the current studies on hydrides. "But the experiments are still challenged in providing a set of convincing evidence," he said.

"For example, rare-earth hydrides have been reported to exhibit superconductivity near room temperature. This is based on the observations of two essential characteristics—the zero-resistance state and the Meissner effect," Chen said.

(The Meissner effect, discovered in 1933, recognizes a decrease or reverse in magnetism as a material achieves superconductivity, providing physicists with a method to measure the change.)

"However, these superconducting rare-earth materials performed on target only at extremely high pressures. To make progress, we have to reduce synthesis pressure as low as possible, ideally to atmosphere conditions," Chen explained.

Chen's team found their breakthrough with their choice of conductive media—alloys of hydride , which are lab-made metallic substances that include hydrogen molecules with two electrons. Specifically, they worked with yttrium-cerium hydrides (Y 0.5 Ce 0.5 H 9 ) and lanthanum-cerium hydrides (La 0.5 Ce 0.5 H 10 ).

The inclusion of Cerium (Ce) was seen to make a key difference.

"These observations were suggested due to the enhanced chemical pre-compression effect through the introduction of the Ce element in these superhydrides," Chen explained.

Two journal articles detail the team's findings. The more recent, in Nature Communications , focuses on yttrium-cerium hydrides; the other, in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter , concentrates on lanthanum-cerium hydrides.

The team has found these superconductors can maintain relatively high transition temperatures. In other words, the lanthanum-cerium hydrides and yttrium-cerium hydrides are capable of superconductivity in less extreme conditions (at lower pressure but maintaining relatively higher transition temperature) than has been accomplished before.

"This moves us forward in our evolution toward a workable and relatively available superconductive media," Chen said. "We subjected our findings to multiple measurements of the electrical transport, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and theoretical calculations. The tests confirmed that our results remain consistent."

"This finding points to a route toward high-temperature superconductivity that can be accessible in many current laboratory settings," Chen explained. The hydride research moves the frontier far beyond the recognized standard set by copper oxides (also known as cuprates).

"We still have a way to go to reach truly ambient conditions. The goal remains to achieve superconductivity at room temperature and in pressure equivalent to our familiar ground-level atmosphere. So the research goes on," Chen said.

Ge Huang et al, Synthesis of superconducting phase of La0.5Ce0.5H10 at high pressures, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (2023). DOI: 10.1088/1361-648X/ad0915

Journal information: Nature Communications

Provided by University of Houston

Explore further

Feedback to editors

Archaea can be 'picky eaters': Study shows a group of parasitic microbes can change host metabolism

41 minutes ago

EPA underestimates methane emissions from landfills and urban areas, researchers find

This Texas veterinarian helped crack the mystery of bird flu in cows

Researchers discover key functions of therapeutically promising jumbo viruses

Marine sharks and rays 'use' urea to delay reproduction, finds study

2 hours ago

Researchers unlock potential of 2D magnetic devices for future computing

Researchers build new device that is a foundation for quantum computing

Satellite images of plants' fluorescence can predict crop yields

New work reveals the 'quantumness' of gravity

Mystery behind huge opening in Antarctic sea ice solved

3 hours ago

Relevant PhysicsForums posts

How can i calculate spin hall conductivity for a 4*4 hamiltonian.

Apr 27, 2024

Hall effect in P-type semiconductors: electron-centric heuristic?

Apr 25, 2024

Insulator band gap and applied voltage?

Apr 24, 2024

Cavity locking using Lockin PID technique

Question about cgs vs si units in the context of the debye length.

Apr 22, 2024

Looking for study group to hack on basic theory in condensed matter

Apr 20, 2024

More from Atomic and Condensed Matter

Related Stories

Researchers discover new yttrium-hydrogen compounds with implications for high-pressure superconductivity

Mar 14, 2024

New cerium superhydrides become stepping stones to 'Goldilocks' superconductors

Sep 13, 2021

New ternary hydrides of lanthanum and yttrium join the ranks of high-temperature superconductors

Jul 1, 2021

High-temperature superconductivity in lanthanum, yttrium, and cerium ternary hydrides

Nov 16, 2022

Researchers discover tin hydride with properties of strange metal

Aug 30, 2023

New material facilitates search for room-temperature superconductivity

May 12, 2023

Recommended for you

Physicists discover new way to make strange metal

6 hours ago

Researchers discover 'topological Kerr effect' in two-dimensional quantum magnets

Apr 29, 2024

Topologically controlled multiskyrmions: Researchers propose a new family of quasiparticles

When does a conductor not conduct? Switching a 2D metal-organic framework from an insulator to a metal

Research demonstrates a new mechanism of order formation in quantum systems

Apr 26, 2024

Scientists simulate magnetization reversal of Nd-Fe-B magnets using large-scale finite element models

Let us know if there is a problem with our content.

Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. For general inquiries, please use our contact form . For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please adhere to guidelines ).

Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request

Thank you for taking time to provide your feedback to the editors.

Your feedback is important to us. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages.

E-mail the story

Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form.

Newsletter sign up

Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details to third parties.

More information Privacy policy

Donate and enjoy an ad-free experience

We keep our content available to everyone. Consider supporting Science X's mission by getting a premium account.

E-mail newsletter

• Department of Physics

University of Houston Hydride Research Pushes Frontiers of Practical, Accessible Superconductivity

News & events.

April 29, 2024

Xiaojia Chen Publishes Findings in Nature Communications and Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter

Science is taking a huge step forward in the quest for superconductors that will not require ultra-high pressure to function thanks to multinational research led by Xiaojia Chen at the University of Houston.

“It has long been superconductivity researchers’ goal to ease or even eliminate the critical controls currently required regarding temperature and pressure,” said Chen, the M.D. Anderson Professor of Physics at UH’s College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and a principal investigator at the Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH.

The evolution toward eliminating the current special handling now required by superconductive material – which is defined as material that offers little or no impedance from electrical resistance or magnetic fields – hints that the potential for radical boosts in efficiency for certain processes in research, healthcare, industry and other commercial enterprises might become reality before long.

But currently, the conditions needed for successful superconductivity outstretch the resources of many potential users, even many research laboratories.

Chen explains that lowering the accessible pressure for superconductivity is one important goal of the current studies on hydrides. “But the experiments are still challenged in providing a set of convincing evidence,” he said.

“For example, rare-earth hydrides have been reported to exhibit superconductivity near room temperature. This is based on the observations of two essential characteristics – the zero-resistance state and the Meissner effect,” Chen said.

(The Meissner effect, discovered in 1933, recognizes a decrease or reverse in magnetism as a material achieves superconductivity, providing physicists with a method to measure the change.)

“However, these superconducting rare-earth materials performed on target only at extremely high pressures. To make progress, we have to reduce synthesis pressure as low as possible, ideally to atmosphere conditions,” Chen explained.

Chen’s team found their breakthrough with their choice of conductive media – alloys of hydride, which are lab-made metallic substances that include hydrogen molecules with two electrons. Specifically, they worked with yttrium-cerium hydrides (Y 0.5 Ce 0.5 H 9 ) and lanthanum-cerium hydrides (La 0.5 Ce 0.5 H 10 ).

The inclusion of Cerium (Ce) was seen to make a key difference.

“These observations were suggested due to the enhanced chemical pre-compression effect through the introduction of the Ce element in these superhydrides,” Chen explained.

The team’s findings are detailed in two journal articles. The more recent, in Nature Communications, focuses on yttrium-cerium hydrides; the other, in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, concentrates on lanthanum-cerium hydrides.

The team has found these superconductors can maintain relatively high transition temperature. In other words, the lanthanum-cerium hydrides and yttrium-cerium hydrides are capable of superconductivity in less extreme conditions (at lower pressure but maintaining relatively higher transition temperature) than has been accomplished before.

“This moves us forward in our evolution toward a workable and relatively available superconductive media,” Chen said. “We subjected our findings to multiple measurements of the electrical transport, synchrotron x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering and theoretical calculations. The tests confirmed that our results remain consistent.”

“This finding points to a route toward high-temperature superconductivity that can be accessible in many current laboratory settings,” Chen explained. The hydride research moves the frontier far beyond the recognized standard set by copper oxides (also known as cuprates).

“We still have a way to go to reach truly ambient conditions. The goal remains to achieve superconductivity at room temperature and in pressure equivalent to our familiar ground-level atmosphere. So the research goes on,” Chen said.

The team’s findings are detailed in these journal articles:

• “ Synthesis and Superconductivity in Yttrium-Cerium Hydrides at High Pressures ,” published in Nature Communications
• “ Synthesis of Superconducting Phase of La0.5Ce0.5H10 at High Pressures ,” published in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter

Research team

Joining Chen as co-authors on the project are team members Liu-Cheng Chen, Tao Luo, Zi-Yu Cao, Ge Huang and Di Peng from the Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) and Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (Shanghai), and collaborators Philip Dalladay-Simpson, Federico Aiace Gorelli, Li-Li Zhang, Guo-Hua Zhong and Hai-Qing Lin from other academic institutes in China.

- Bryan Luhn, University Media Relations

Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Research method and mechanism analysis of a novel high-performance quaternary zn–sr–co–sb varistor ceramic.

* Corresponding authors

a School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, China

b The State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China

In this paper, a novel high-performance bismuth-free ZnO varistor ceramic was developed involving only three doping elements: Sr, Co and Sb. To specifically study the role of each element in improving electrical properties, a stepwise research method was used for this novel ceramic employing the binary system of Zn–Sr, ternary system of Zn–Sr–Co and quaternary system of Zn–Sr–Co–Sb. Consequently, a possible mechanism corresponding to each doping element is proposed in this work. Moreover, excellent comprehensive properties consisting of a high nonlinear coefficient α of 74.30, ultra-low leakage current I L of 0.29 μA cm −2 and low breakdown voltage gradient E 1mA of 361.02 V mm −1 are exhibited in the quaternary Zn–Sr–Co–Sb varistor ceramic, which are superior to most advanced ZnO varistors with fewer dopants. This novel quaternary ZnO varistor ceramic without expensive, volatile, deliquescent and toxic dopants exhibits sustainability, environmental friendliness, low cost and high volume development, providing a new perspective for the design of novel high-performance bismuth-free ZnO varistor ceramics.

Article information

Download citation, permissions.

K. Wang, Z. Xu, R. Chu and G. Li, J. Mater. Chem. C , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4TC00876F

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content .

Social activity

Search articles by author.

This article has not yet been cited.

Advertisements

Physical Review Journals Archive

Published by the american physical society.

• Featured in Physics
• Free to Read

Theory of Superconductivity

J. bardeen, l. n. cooper, and j. r. schrieffer, phys. rev. 108 , 1175 – published 1 december 1957.

• Citing Articles (9,802)

A theory of superconductivity is presented, based on the fact that the interaction between electrons resulting from virtual exchange of phonons is attractive when the energy difference between the electrons states involved is less than the phonon energy, ℏ ω . It is favorable to form a superconducting phase when this attractive interaction dominates the repulsive screened Coulomb interaction. The normal phase is described by the Bloch individual-particle model. The ground state of a superconductor, formed from a linear combination of normal state configurations in which electrons are virtually excited in pairs of opposite spin and momentum, is lower in energy than the normal state by amount proportional to an average ( ℏ ω ) 2 , consistent with the isotope effect. A mutually orthogonal set of excited states in one-to-one correspondence with those of the normal phase is obtained by specifying occupation of certain Bloch states and by using the rest to form a linear combination of virtual pair configurations. The theory yields a second-order phase transition and a Meissner effect in the form suggested by Pippard. Calculated values of specific heats and penetration depths and their temperature variation are in good agreement with experiment. There is an energy gap for individual-particle excitations which decreases from about 3 . 5 k T c at T = 0 ° K to zero at T c . Tables of matrix elements of single-particle operators between the excited-state superconducting wave functions, useful for perturbation expansions and calculations of transition probabilities, are given.

• Received 8 July 1957

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.108.1175

©1957 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

• Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
• * Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
• † Present address: Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.

Landmarks : Superconductivity Explained

David lindley, phys. rev. focus 18 , 8 (2006).

Vol. 108, Iss. 5 — December 1957

Authorization Required

Other options.

• Buy Article »
• Find an Institution with the Article »

Download & Share

Sign up to receive regular email alerts from Physical Review Journals Archive

• Forgot your username/password?
• Create an account

Article Lookup

Paste a citation or doi, enter a citation.

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

• View all journals
• Explore content
• About the journal
• Publish with us
• Sign up for alerts
• 24 April 2024

Retractions are part of science, but misconduct isn’t — lessons from a superconductivity lab

You have full access to this article via your institution.

Superconductivity has been demonstrated at extremely low temperatures, but it remains elusive at room temperatures. Credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory/SPL

Research misconduct is hugely detrimental to science and to society. Defined as “fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results” by the US Office of Research Integrity, it violates trust in science and can do great harm to the wider public, scientific institutions and especially co-authors and students who had no part in the wrongdoing. In cases involving public funds, it squanders resources that could have been allocated to other research and it can erode lawmakers’ support for science.

Does the scientific community, as a whole, have appropriate processes for reporting, investigating and communicating about instances of potential misconduct? This question is not new . At Nature , we’re asking it again, after two separate studies that we published were subsequently retracted.

Exclusive: official investigation reveals how superconductivity physicist faked blockbuster results

The studies 1 , 2 were originally published in October 2020 and March 2023. The first was retracted in September 2022 and the second in November 2023. The corresponding author on both papers was Ranga Dias, a physicist studying superconductivity at the University of Rochester in New York, and a recipient of grants from the US National Science Foundation (NSF).

The papers by Dias and his co-authors claimed to report room-temperature superconductivity under extremely high pressures, each in different materials. Room-temperature superconducting materials are highly sought after. They could, for example, transform the efficiency of electricity transmission, from the smallest to the largest application. But high-pressure experiments are difficult and replicating them is complex.

Nature initiated an investigative process that resulted in the 2020 paper being retracted after members of the community told the journal they were troubled by aspects of the data being reported. Nature also initiated an investigation into the 2023 paper. However, this article was retracted at the request of most of Dias’s co-authors while the investigation was still ongoing.

Many details about this case came to light thanks to continued questions from the research community, including during post-publication peer review. Much credit must also go to the persistence of science journalists, including members of Nature ’s news team (which is editorially independent of Nature ’s journal team) and those from other publications.

What can journal editors, funding organizations and institutions that employ researchers learn from such cases? We have the same goal: producing and reporting rigorous research of the highest possible standard. And we need to learn some collective lessons — including on the exchange of information.

The University of Rochester conducted three inquiries, which are a preliminary step to making a decision about whether to perform a formal investigation into scientific misconduct. The inquiries were completed between January and October 2022. Each concluded that such an investigation was not warranted .

Superconductivity scandal: the inside story of deception in a rising star’s physics lab

Earlier this month, Nature ’s news team uncovered a 124-page report on a subsequent confidential investigation , performed at the NSF’s request. In it, a team of reviewers concluded after a ten-month assessment of evidence that it was more likely than not that Dias had committed data fabrication, falsification and plagiarism. The report is dated 8 February 2024, and the determination is regarding the two Nature papers, a 2021 study 3 published in Physical Review Letters and a 2022 study 4 in Chemical Communications — both of which were also retracted. However, the investigation has not yet officially been made public.

Some researchers have asked why Nature published Dias’s second paper in March 2023, when questions were being asked about the first one. Others have asked why the retraction notices didn’t spell out that there has been misconduct.

It’s important to emphasize that it’s Nature ’s editorial policy to consider each submission in its own right. Second, peer review is not designed to identify potential misconduct. The role of a journal in such situations is to correct the scientific literature; it is for the institutions involved to determine whether there has been misconduct, and to do so only after the completion of due process, which involves a systematic evaluation of primary evidence, such as unmodified experimental data.

Access to raw data is fundamental to resolving cases of potential misconduct. It is also something we constantly think about in relation to publishing. Indeed, for certain kinds of data, Nature requires authors to deposit them in external databases before publication. But there must be more the research community — including funders and institutions — can all do to incentivize data sharing.

Another question is whether the matter could have been dealt with more quickly. Nature ’s editors have been asking the same question: specifically, could there have been more, or better, communication between journals and institutions once evidence of potential misconduct came to light?

Publish, and be damned...

Last month, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), a non-profit organization that represents editors, publishers and research institutions, updated its guidelines on how publishers and universities could communicate better . The guidelines are full of important advice, including that institutions, not publishers, should perform integrity or misconduct investigations. Investigators require access to primary evidence. As employers and grant-givers, institutions are the appropriate bodies to mandate access to unmodified experimental data, correspondence, notebooks and computers and to interview relevant staff members — all essential parts of an investigation.

But often, journals need to start a process that could lead to retracting a study in the absence of an institutional investigation — or while an investigation, or inquiry, is ongoing 5 . Are cases such as this an opportunity for journals and institutions to discuss establishing channels through which to exchange information, in the interest of expedited outcomes — as part of due process? Nature ’s editors would be willing to play a part in such discussions.

Retractions are part of publishing research, and all journals must be committed to retracting papers after due process is completed. Although a paper can be retracted for many reasons, when the cause is potential misconduct, institutions must conduct thorough investigations.

This case is not yet closed. Both the university and the funder need to formally announce the investigation’s results, and what action they intend to take. They should not delay any more than is necessary. When there is credible evidence of potential scientific misconduct, investigations should not be postponed. There is strength in collaborating to solve a problem, and nothing to be ashamed of in preserving the integrity of the scientific record.

Nature 628 , 689-690 (2024)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-01174-6

Snider, E. et al. Nature 586 , 373–377 (2020); retraction 610 , 804 (2022).

Article   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Dasenbrock-Gammon, N. et al. Nature 615 , 244–250 (2023); retraction 624 , 460 (2023).

Durkee, D. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 , 016401 (2021); erratum 130 , 129901 (2023); retraction 131 , 079902 (2023).

Smith, G. A. et al. Chem. Commun. 58 , 9064–9067 (2022); retraction 60 , 1047 (2024).

Article   Google Scholar  

Garfinkel, S. et al. JAMA Netw. Open 6 , e2320796 (2023).

Download references

Reprints and permissions

Related Articles

• Materials science
• Scientific community

A magnetic liquid makes for an injectable sensor in living tissue

Research Highlight 01 MAY 24

Bevel-edge epitaxy of ferroelectric rhombohedral boron nitride single crystal

Article 01 MAY 24

Corrosion is a global menace to crucial infrastructure — act to stop the rot now

Correspondence 30 APR 24

Allen J. Bard obituary: electrochemist whose techniques underpin clinical diagnostics, materials discovery and more

Obituary 01 MAY 24

Magnetic field responses in Drosophila

Matters Arising 01 MAY 24

Stereoselective amino acid synthesis by photobiocatalytic oxidative coupling

Plagiarism in peer-review reports could be the ‘tip of the iceberg’

Nature Index 01 MAY 24

How reliable is this research? Tool flags papers discussed on PubPeer

News 29 APR 24

Algorithm ranks peer reviewers by reputation — but critics warn of bias

Nature Index 25 APR 24

Director, NLM

Vacancy Announcement Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health   DIRECTOR, NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE   THE POSITION:...

Bethesda, Maryland

National Library of Medicine - Office of the Director

Call for postdoctoral fellows in Molecular Medicine, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine

The Nordic EMBL Partnership is seeking postdoctoral fellows for collaborative projects in molecular medicine through the first NORPOD call.

Helsinki, Finland

Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine

Associate or Senior Editor (microbial genetics, evolution, and epidemiology)

we’re seeking an editor who has a critical eye, a deep understanding of their subject and interests beyond, and who can think on their feet.

London, New York, Philadelphia or Pune – Hybrid working model.

Springer Nature Ltd

Description test

Berlin (DE)

Springer Nature Group

Postdoctoral Associate- Molecular Cell Biology

Houston, Texas (US)

Baylor College of Medicine (BCM)

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Quick links

• Explore articles by subject
• Guide to authors
• Editorial policies