essay on satellite for class 3

Earth Satellites

What comes to your mind when you think of the satellites? Yes, you may definitely think of the MOON. Do you know what are earth satellites and how do these satellites orbit the earth? Let us study about earth satellites in detail.

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What is an Earth Satellite? An object revolving around the earth is earth satellite. Do you why the reason why do the satellite’s orbit? The satellites orbit due to the 1st law of motion which states that an object is at rest or in a state of motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Browse more Topics under Gravitation

• Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
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• Escape Velocity
• Gravitational Potential Energy
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• Weightlessness

So when we talk about a planet and a satellite, when the satellite is orbiting around the planet is because of two reasons. The first reason is that there is a gravitational force between the satellite and the planet. The second reason is that it just wants to speed past the planet. It just wants to go out of the orbit. Satellites are classified into two types.

Natural Satellites

• Artifical Satellites

The satellites there have existed in nature on their own are natural satellites. No efforts have been put to discover these satellites. For example the Moon is a natural satellite of the earth.

In fact, the Moon is the only natural satellite for earth that has existed on its own and keeps on revolving around the earth.

Artificial Satellites

Artificial satellites are the objects that are intentionally placed by humans which orbits the earth for practical uses. These artificial satellites are built for various purposes. They are used for:

• Communication satellites are used for wide communications. eg. Mobile phones.
• Television broadcast
• Military support
• Weather observations
• Scientific Research.

Time period of Earth Satellites

Let us derive an expression to determine the time taken by the satellite to complete one rotation around the earth. Suppose a satellite keeps on revolving around them in a circular orbit. So as it moves in circular motion, there is a centripetal force acting on it.

F c  =  \( \frac{mv²}{r²} \)

F c  =  \( \frac{mv²}{R_e + h} \),  ‘ h ‘ is the distance above earth’s surface.

This centripetal force will act towards the centre. Now there is another gravitational force between the earth and the satellite that is,

• m = mass of the satellite
• M e = mass of the Sun

F G = \( \frac{GmM_e} {(R_e + h)^2}\)

Now F C  = F G , implies

\( \frac{mv²} {R_e + h}\) =  \( \frac{GmM_e} {(R_e + h)^2}\)

⇒  v² =  \( \frac{-GM_e} {R_e + h}\)

⇒  v = \( \sqrt[]{\frac{GM_e}{R_e+h}} \)  = Velocity

We want to calculate the time period of the satellite. We know that, satellite covers a distance of 2π ( R e + h ) in one revolution

T = \( \frac{distance}{velocity} =  \frac{2π (R_e + h )} {v}\)

T = \( \frac{2π (R_e + h )^{3/2}} {√{GM_e}}\)

Thus this is the time period taken by the satellite to revolve around the earth.

The Energy of Orbiting Satellites

We know that m is the mass of the satellite and the velocity with which it moves is v. So what is the kinetic energy of the satellite? It is given by \( \frac{1}{2} \) mv²

As we know v = \( \sqrt{\frac{GM_em} {R_e + h}}\)

So, the kinetic energy is, \( \frac{1}{2} \) \( \frac{GM_em}{R_e + h} \)

Now the potential energy is, \( \frac{- GM_em} {R_e + h}\)

Toatl energy = kinetic energy + potential energy

\( \frac{1}{2} \) \( \frac{GM_em}{R_e + h} \) + \( \frac{- GM_em}{R_e + h} \)

Total energy = \( \frac{- GM_em}{2(R_e + h)} \)

Solved Question For You

Q1. Out of the following statements, the one which correctly describes a satellite orbiting about the earth is

• There is no force acting on the satellite.
• The acceleration and velocity of the satellite are roughly in the same direction.
• Satellite is always accelerating around the earth.
• The satellite must fall back to earth when its fuel is exhausted.

Ans: C. When the satellite is revolving around the earth, it is because of the gravitational force towards the earth that acts as a centripetal force. Since the initial speed is less than the escape speed, earth’s gravity pulls the satellite towards the centre of the earth. So the satellite is always accelerating around the earth.

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Gravitation

• Einstein Field Equation
• Balloon Experiments
• Conservation of Momentum
• Newton’s Third Law of Motion
• Lagrangian Point
• Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motions – Orbits, Areas, Periods

2 responses to “Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motions – Orbits, Areas, Periods”

When earth is near know it move faster some gravity of earth act on it and it produce restriction so speed may be slownear sun

When earth is near the sun how it move faster some gravity of sun act on it and it produce restriction and speed may be slow down

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Artificial satellites.

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An artificial satellite is an object that people have made and launched into orbit using rockets. There are currently over 3,000 active satellites orbiting the Earth. The size, altitude and design of a satellite depend on its purpose.

What are satellites?

Dr Allan McInnes tells us what a satellite is, how they vary in size and, depending on their function, the type of orbit they are placed into.

Sizes and altitudes of satellites

Satellites vary in size. Some cube satellites are as small as 10 cm. Some communication satellites are about 7 m long and have solar panels that extend another 50 m. The largest artificial satellite is the International Space Station (ISS). The main part of this is as big as a large five-bedroom house, but including solar panels, it is as large as a rugby field.

Altitudes of satellites above the Earth’s surface also vary. These are three common orbits:

• Low Earth orbit (LEO) – from 200 to 2,000 km, for example, the ISS orbits at 400 km with a speed of 28,000 km/hour, and time for one orbit is about 90 minutes.
• Medium Earth orbit (MEO) – most MEO satellites are at an altitude of 20,000 km, and time for one orbit is 12 hours.
• Geostationary orbit (GEO) – 36,000 km above the Earth. Time for one orbit is 24 hours. This is to match the rotation of the Earth so that the satellite appears to stay above the same point above the Earth’s surface. This is used for many communications and weather satellites.

The altitude chosen for a satellite depends on the job it is designed for.

Types of satellites

Navigation satellites The GPS (global positioning system) is made up of a minimum of 24 satellites (and allows for up to 32), that orbit at an altitude of 20,000 km above the surface of the Earth. The difference in time for signals received from four satellites is used to calculate the exact location of a GPS receiver on Earth.

Communication satellites These are used for television, phone or internet transmissions, for example, the Optus D1 satellite is in a geostationary orbit above the equator and has a coverage footprint to provide signals to all of Australia and New Zealand.

Weather satellites These are used to image clouds and measure temperature and rainfall. Both geostationary and low Earth orbits are used depending on the type of weather satellite. Weather satellites are used to help with more accurate weather forecasting.

Weather satellite orbits

Weather satellites operate in two orbit types. The GEO mode allows the same geographic area to be viewed continuously from a very high altitude. With the LEO polar orbit, complete Earth coverage is possible.

Earth observation satellites These are used to photograph and image the Earth. Low Earth orbits are mainly used so that a more detailed image can be produced.

Astronomical satellites These are used to monitor and image space. A satellite such as the James Webb Space Telescope provides very sharp images of stars and distant galaxies. It operates in a halo orbit – between about 250,000 and 832,000 km, which keeps it out of both Earth and Moon's shadow. Other space telescopes include Hubble and Chandra.

International Space Station (ISS) This is a habitable space laboratory. At an altitude of 400 km, the ISS travels at a speed of 28,000 km/h and orbits the Earth once every 92 minutes. Scientists inside the ISS are able to perform many valuable experiments in a microgravity environment.

International Space Station (ISS)

The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable artificial satellite that has been placed in a low Earth orbit. It completes 15.7 orbits per day and is maintained at an orbital altitude of between 330 km and 410 km.

Image courtesy of NASA.

Satellite design

Every satellite has some of the same basic parts:

• The bus – this is the frame and structure of the satellite to which all the other parts are attached.
• A power source – most satellites have solar panels to generate electricity. Batteries store some of this energy for times that the satellite is in the shadow of the Earth.
• Heat control system – satellites are exposed to extremely high temperatures due to exposure to the Sun. There needs to be a way to reflect and reradiate heat. Electrical components of the satellite can also produce a lot of heat.
• Computer system – satellites need computers to control how they operate and also to monitor things like altitude, orientation and temperature.
• Communication system – all satellites need to be able to send and receive data to ground stations on Earth or to other satellites. Curved satellite dishes are used as antennae
• Attitude control system – this is the system that keeps a satellite pointed in the right direction. Gyroscopes and rocket thrusters are commonly used to change orientation. Light sensors are commonly used to determine what direction a satellite is pointing.
• A propulsion system – a rocket engine on the satellite may be used to help place the satellite into the correct orbit. Once in orbit, satellites do not need any rockets to keep them moving. However, small rockets called thrusters are used if a satellite needs to change orbit slightly.

Parts of a satellite

Dr Allan McInnes describes the major components common to most satellites. He then explains how some of these function.

As well as these basic parts, satellites carry the equipment needed for their specific purpose.

Making space accessible

To get a satellite into space is a very expensive business that few can afford. Rocket Lab , a company set up by New Zealander Peter Beck , was set up with a vision to “make space more accessible”.

Peter has a vision that affordable access to space will enable powerful global change – for example allowing developing nations better access to internet. In 2012, Peter initiated the Electron programme to focus on providing cost effective rockets and launch services that will allow organisations better access to space and satellite technology.

Nature of science

The operation of the International Space Station depends upon collaboration between countries. It allows scientists to pool their resources in terms of scientific knowledge and finances. As a result, bigger and more substantial projects can be conducted to get more reliable results. This research is of benefit internationally.

Related content

Read about natural satellites , communications satellites and learn about how satellites are launched into space and how some of them have become space junk .

Activity ideas

Get your students turn their eyes to the night sky to observe natural satellites and to spot artificial satellites – like the ISS – as they pass overhead. Back indoors, students can hunt for satellites online with a webquest.

Four activities use models to teach science concepts.

• Build a 3D model of a satellite , complete with solar panels, and aerial and outer casing for heat control.
• Make a model CubeSat and micro:bit sun sensor is ideal for showing the tiny size and complexity of a 1U CubeSat.
• Scale model for satellite orbits explores satellite altitudes and satellite motion.
• Investigating satellite dishes uses an umbrella as a curved reflector to increase a cellphone's Wi-Fi signal.

Find out more about what is in an Earth observation satellite? What keeps it powered, on track, safe from danger and enables it to collect data ? Find out for yourself with the Build a satellite interactive and activity !

Useful links

Information and some images from the Geoeye-1 satellite .

Find out more about the International Space Station from NASA.

This Stuff news story from November 2016, covers the announcement of the launch of New Zealand’s second Regional Research Institute, The Centre for Space Science Technology, will explore the use of space-based measurements and satellite imagery. See the centre's website .

NASA's Eyes on the Earth site shows the positions of their Earth observation satellites. Use the tabs at the bottom of the page to filter for greenhouse gases and other measurements.

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Essay on Satellite

Students are often asked to write an essay on Satellite in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Satellite

Introduction to satellites.

Satellites are objects in space that orbit around larger bodies, like Earth. They can be natural, like moons, or man-made for various purposes.

Types of Satellites

There are many types of satellites. Communication satellites help in sending signals for television and phones. Weather satellites help predict weather changes. Navigation satellites assist in GPS systems.

Importance of Satellites

Satellites are important as they help us in communication, weather forecasting, navigation, and scientific research. They play a crucial role in our daily lives and scientific advancements.

Understanding satellites is fascinating. They are a testament to human ingenuity and our quest to explore the universe.

250 Words Essay on Satellite

Introduction.

Satellites, man-made objects orbiting celestial bodies, play a crucial role in modern society. They are instrumental in various fields including communication, weather forecasting, navigation, and scientific research.

The Science Behind Satellites

Satellites operate on the principle of gravity. Launched into space by rockets, they maintain their orbit around planets due to the balance between their forward motion and the gravitational pull of the planet. The height and speed of the satellite determine the nature of its orbit.

Satellites are broadly classified into natural and artificial. Natural satellites are celestial bodies that orbit a planet, like the moon. Artificial satellites, on the other hand, are man-made and serve specific purposes. They can be further divided into categories like communication, weather, navigation, and research satellites.

Applications of Satellites

Satellites have revolutionized our lives. Communication satellites enable global connectivity, facilitating television broadcasts, phone calls, and internet services. Weather satellites provide meteorological data, aiding in weather prediction and climate studies. Navigation satellites like GPS ensure accurate location and timing information. Research satellites contribute to space exploration and scientific discoveries.

In conclusion, satellites have become an indispensable part of our lives. They have not only advanced our understanding of the cosmos but also enhanced our capabilities in communication and navigation. As technology progresses, the potential applications of satellites are bound to increase, paving the way for a future where space technology is even more ingrained in our daily lives.

500 Words Essay on Satellite

Satellites, the celestial bodies orbiting around a planet, have become an integral part of our modern life. They are not only vital for scientific exploration but also for communication, weather monitoring, navigation, and numerous other applications. This essay aims to delve into the world of satellites, their types, uses, and significance.

Understanding Satellites

A satellite is any object that moves in a regular path around a planet. The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite. However, since the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the Soviet Union in 1957, thousands of these man-made objects have been sent into space for various purposes.

Satellites can be broadly classified into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural satellites are celestial bodies like moons, while artificial satellites are human-made machines launched into space for specific tasks. Artificial satellites can be further categorized into communication satellites, weather satellites, navigation satellites, reconnaissance satellites, and scientific satellites, among others.

Satellites play a pivotal role in various aspects of our daily lives. Communication satellites have revolutionized global communication by facilitating television broadcasts, telephone calls, and internet services. Weather satellites help predict weather changes, enabling timely disaster warnings and facilitating agricultural planning. Navigation satellites, like those in the GPS system, provide precise positional data for navigation on land, sea, and air. Scientific satellites aid in astronomical observations and earth science studies, providing valuable data about our universe and our planet.

Challenges and Future Prospects

Despite their numerous benefits, the use of satellites comes with its own set of challenges. Space debris, also known as ‘space junk’, is a significant problem. It consists of defunct satellites and fragments from satellite collisions and explosions. This debris poses a threat to functional satellites and manned spacecraft.

Furthermore, the increasing dependence on satellites raises concerns about cybersecurity. As these satellites transmit sensitive data, they become potential targets for cyber-attacks.

Looking ahead, the future of satellites is promising. Developments in technology are paving the way for smaller, more capable satellites. The concept of satellite constellations, a group of satellites working together, is gaining traction. Companies like SpaceX with its Starlink project aim to provide global broadband coverage using these constellations.

Satellites, since their inception, have transformed the way we live, communicate, navigate, and perceive our world. As technology advances, the capabilities of satellites will continue to expand, unlocking new possibilities. However, it’s crucial that we address the challenges they pose to ensure a sustainable and secure future in space. The journey of satellites, from being a mere concept to becoming an indispensable tool, is a testament to human ingenuity and the relentless pursuit of knowledge.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Sanitation
• Essay on Sanchi Stupa
• Essay on Ronaldo

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What is a Satellite?

The term ‘satellite’ refers to a natural object such as a moon or spacecraft which is an artificial satellite orbiting a larger astronomical body. Most of the known natural satellites orbit planets , the Earth’s Moon is the most obvious example of it.

All the planets in the solar system generally except Venus and Mercury have natural satellites. More than 160 such objects have so far been discovered in the solar system with Saturn and Jupiter together contributing about two-thirds of the total. 

The planets’ natural satellites vary greatly in size and shape as well as colour. A few satellites are larger than Mercury, for example, the planet Saturn’s Titan and Jupiter’s Ganymede each of which is more than 5,000 km that is about 3,100 miles in diameter. 

The satellites also usually differ significantly in composition. The satellite moon for example generally consists almost entirely of rocky material. On the other hand, we see that the composition of Saturn’s Enceladus is 50 percent or more ice. Some asteroids are said to have their own tiny moons.

Natural and Artificial Satellites

A natural satellite is a moon that orbits a planet or a star. For example, the moon is a satellite because it orbits the earth. Usually, the word that is "satellite" refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around the planet Earth or another body in space.

The planet Earth and the satellite moon are examples of natural satellites. There are thousands of artificial or man-made satellites that are orbiting Earth. 

In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is said to be an object that has been intentionally placed into orbit. These objects are known as artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as planet Earth's Moon.

Some satellites take pictures of the planet earth that helps meteorologists predict weather and track hurricanes. Some of the satellites take pictures of other planets, the sun and the black holes and the dark matter or faraway galaxies . These pictures generally help scientists to understand the solar system and the universe as well.

Still, we can say that the other satellites are used mainly for communications such as beaming TV signals and phone calls that are around the world. A group of more than 20 satellites make up the Global Positioning System or the GPS. If we have a GPS receiver, these satellites can help figure out our exact location.

Satellite Composition

The satellites come in many sizes and shapes. But most have at least two parts in common - that is a power source and antenna. The antenna usually receives and sends information which is often to and from Earth. The power source can be a panel or solar panel or battery. Solar panels generally make power by turning sunlight into electricity .

Many satellites of NASA  carry cameras and scientific sensors. Sometimes these instruments usually point toward the planet Earth to gather information about its land, air and water. Other times they face toward space to collect data from the universe and the solar system.

Satellite Uses

Satellites can collect more data, more quickly than instruments present on the ground.

The satellites also can see into space better than telescopes at planet Earth's surface. This is because satellites usually fly above the clouds and the dust and molecules in the atmosphere that can block the view from ground level.

Before satellites TV signals didn't go very far. The TV signals only travel in line which is straight. So they would quickly trail off into space instead of following the Earth's curve. Mountains or tall buildings would block them. Phone calls to places which are faraway were also a problem. The setting up of wires of telephone over long distances or underwater is difficult and costs a lot.

With satellites, the signals of TV and phone calls are sent upward to a satellite. Then almost instantly the satellite can send them back down to different locations on Earth.

Satellites Launched into Space 

On 4 October 1957, the Soviet Union Russia launched the world's first artificial satellite named Sputnik 1. Since then there are 8,900 satellites from more than 40 countries have been launched. According to the estimates of 2018, there are some 5,000 remaining in orbit. Of those who are about 1,900 were operational while the rest have exceeded their useful lives and become debris space. 

In terms of countries with the most satellites, the country USA has the most with 859 satellites. China is said to be the second with 250 and Russia third with 146. These are then followed by India at 118, Japan at 72 and the UK at 52. 

A few large stations of space including the International Space Station has been launched in parts and then it is assembled in orbit. Over a dozen probes of space have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites of the Moon, and Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, a few asteroids, a comet and the Sun.

FAQs on Satellite

1. What are satellites used for?

Satellites send signals from television directly to connected homes. They also are said to be the backbone of cable and network TV. These satellites generally send signals from a central station that generates programming to smaller stations that send the signals locally via cables or the airwaves.

2. Can one see a live satellite view of my house?

A satellite that has a live view of a house is still a few years off. There are some services which will give us a live view of planet Earth from space.  About 40% of the time if we follow this then we can see a live view of Earth from the space station.

Bangabandhu Satellite Paragraph (BS-1)- for class 3 to 10

After reading this post, you can write Bangabandhu satellite 1 paragraph - for class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 JSC, 9, 10, SSC, 11, 12, HSC.

Paragraph on Bangabandhu Satellite  

Bangabandhu Satellite Paragraph; A satellite is an artificial body that has been intentionally placed into orbit around the earth or another planet. The purpose of a satellite is to collect information or for communication. Bangabandhu satellite-1 (BS-1) is the first Bangladeshi geostationary communications and broadcasting satellite ever. Thales Alenia Space manufactured this satellite. It launched at 20:14 UTC on 11 May 2018. The actual date is 12 May 2018. However, the BTRC (Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission) developed the Bangabandhu satellite. 

Bangladesh Govt. formed a Government-owned Bangladesh Communication Satellite Company Limited, BCSCL with the aim to operate the BS-1. The launch of BS-1 made Bangladesh the 57th nation in the world. And it was fourth in South Asia after India, Srilanka, and Pakistan to own a satellite. Bangabandhu satellite, BS-1 carries a total of 40 transponders (26 Ku-band and 14 C-band transponders).  The total capacity of it is 1600 MHz. The location of the satellite is 119.1°E longitude orbital position. 

Read More paragraph> E-learning Paragraph

It provides broadcasting and telecommunication services to the rural areas in Bangladesh. BS-1 also supports profitable services, including direct-to-home (DTH) services. In the outer section of the Bangabandhu satellite, the red-green flag of Bangladesh is painted. Besides, there is written “Bangabandhu-1” in English on the flag and in Bengali as well. There is also a monogram of the government of Bangladesh. The Bangabandhu-1 satellite weighs 3,500. In this satellite, the priority satellite applications are 

• Direct to Home (DTH) 
• Backhaul and Trucking 
• Network Restoration 
• Disaster Preparedness and Relief. 

For these above-mentioned sectors, Bangladesh was dependent on foreign satellites. It costs us around 14M per year. The govt. will avoid this huge cost. Moreover, by renting some frequency broadband, we will earn a sufficient foreign amount. The Primary Service Area (PSA) of BS-1: Once launched, Bangabandhu-1 will save this annual cost. Besides, it brings foreign currency by leasing out half its capacity to SAARC nations. Bangabandhu satellite will also provide services to Indonesia, Philippines, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan if it coordinates the frequencies properly. The telecom regulator hopes to break in seven years.

Read more> Natural Calamities in Bangladesh Paragraph

The Bangabandhu satellite will narrow the digital divide. And it will help take broadcast and telecom services to the rural area. It allows the launch of some lucrative ventures like direct-to-home services throughout the country. The mission of Bangabandhu Satellite-1 is to last at least a 15-year. After launching the BS-1, Bangladesh began to receive a test signal from it on 12 May 2018. The Govt. has built a ground station at Gazipur to control it. The govt. built a backup ground station of BS-1 at Betbunia, Rangamati.

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Class 3 Science Chapter 14 the Earth

NCERT Solutions for Class 3 Science Chapter 14 the Earth and its properties. The Science chapter for class 3 is modified for the new session 2024-25. All the questions and extra practice material for CBSE Exams are modified in a simple way to learn. The 3rd Science chapter is described in a simple format using good educational pictures.

• Class 3 Science Chapter 14 Study Material
• Class 3 Science Solutions Main Page
• Class 3 all Subjects Solutions Page

NCERT Solutions App Class 3

The Earth is made up of land and water. About 70 percent of the Earth’s surface is water and only 30 percent is land. The earth is surrounded by layer of air called the atmosphere. Our earth is the third planet from the sun. It is the only planet in the solar system which supports life. No other planet supports life. It is because air and water is available only on the earth. Moreover, the temperature of earth is also suitable for the living beings.

There are some big heavenly bodies that orbit the sun. These heavenly bodies are called planets. There are eight planets, namely, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The sun and the eight planets together form our solar system. Planets have no light of their own. They glow only when sunlight falls on them.

Millions of stars are present in the sky. They are uncountable. But there are some stars in the sky that appear in the same position. Many stars together make a definite pattern which is called constellation. Some important constellations are, namely, Ursa Major, Scorpion, Orion and Leo. There are about 88 different constellations.

The earth is round in shape looking like an orange. The first man to prove that the Earth is round in shape was Ferdinand Magellan. He sailed around the Earth in 1519. The earth looks blue from space because of the presence of water on it.

You know that the Earth moves around the Sun. It also spins on its axis. Thus, the Earth makes two kinds of movements: rotation and revolution.

The earth rotates from west to east. It completes one rotation in about 24 hours. The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes day and night.

The movement of the earth around the sun is called revolution. You will learn about it in the next classes. The earth completes its revolution in 365¼ days. Revolution of the earth causes change in season.

The people who study heavenly bodies (Sun, moon, planet and stars) are called astronomers. India has many astronomers in the past. Aryabhatta was such an astronomer in the century. He was a great mathematician. He was the first who said that the earth is round in shape and it rotates on its axis.

1. All the natural bodies present in the space are called heavenly bodies. 2. Beyond the earth’s atmosphere lies the space. 3. There are some big heavenly bodies that orbit the sun. These heavenly bodies are called planets. 4. There are eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. 5. The sun and the eight planets together form our solar system. 6. Many stars together form a definite pattern called constellation. 7. The movement of the earth on its axis is called the rotation and the movement of the earth round the sun is called revolution. 8. The moon changes its shape every night. 9. Aryabhatta was the first man to tell us that the earth is round and it spins on its axis. 10. Varahmihira was a great mathematician, astronomer and astrologer.

How many planets are there in the Solar System?

there are eight planets in the Solar System.

• View Answer

Which one is a satellite of the earth?

Moon is a satellite of the earth.

The earth completes one rotation on its axis in

The earth completes one rotation on its axis in 12 hours.

1. A (planet/star) moves around the sun. 2. There are (nine/eight) planet in the solar system. 3. Leo is a famous (constellation/moon). 4. (Magellan/Newton) proved that the earth is round.

Answers: 1. planets 2. eight 3. constellation 4. Magellan

Answers: 1. d 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. c

heavenly bodies are called planets. For examples: earth, Jupiter, marsh, Saturn etc.

Sun and eight planets rotating around it called solar system

There are eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

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Paragraph on Bangabandhu Satellite for SSC and HSC

Here is a paragraph on Bangabandhu Satellite in English. At present, it has been the most discussed topic in Bangladesh. So, the student should have knowledge about it. You can download Bangabandhu Satellite Paragraph PDF…

Paragraph on Bangabandhu Satellite

Bangabandhu satellite-1.

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Bangabandhu Satellite Paragraph for class 6, 7, 8 ,9, 10, 11, 12, ssc and hsc exam

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Essay on Moon for Class 3

Our planet Earth has many satellites. But the only natural satellite revolving around it is the moon. It is a celestial body that is the nearest satellite to the Earth. The moon does not own any light but reflects the sun’s light. The orbit of the moon around the Earth resembles an ellipse.

We are providing two essay samples for class 3 students on the topic ‘Moon’ for reference.

Short Essay on Moon of 100 Words

The moon, shining with the light reflected from the sun, lights up our enormous sky at night. This celestial body, which looks very big from the Earth’s surface, is relatively small compared to its size. The light that comes from the moon is refreshing and cool. This light gives a soothing effect.

People have worshipped the moon as a goddess in the past. Every object that receives light from the moon shines brightly. The travel period of the moon around the Earth is only about a month. This is the reason the moon always appears to be close to us and with the same surface.

Engage your kid into diverse thoughts and motivate them to improve their English with our  Essay for Class 3  and avail the Simple Essays suitable for them.

Long Essay on Moon of 150 Words

One of the smallest celestial bodies that exist in space is the moon. This body has a rough surface. If observed from a telescope, the moon’s rugged, cold, and hard surface become quite clear. These spots over the moon never change.

Moon does not have any shade or colour. There is a presence of bare rocks, some snow. No traces of living have been discovered on the moon. There are some mountains and volcanoes on the moon’s surface.

Moon is of many uses to the Earth. Along with the sun, the moon helps in the formation of tides. During the night, the moon forms the source of light for the Earth’s inhabitants. Without the moon, the Earth will have a short span of days. The moon causes the lunar eclipses.

The beauty of the moon is phenomenal. Many writers have described this beauty in their poems and stories. Both the light and the sight of the moon are soothing.

10 Lines on Moon in English

• In size, the moon is only one-quarter of the Earth.
• The width of the moon is 3476 km.
• Like the Earth, the moon also has an axis.
• The moon has numerous mountains and some seas made of cool lava.
• This celestial body needs about 27.3 days to travel around Earth.
• At a time, we can only see 60% of its surface.
• The maximum temperature of the moon is 127 degrees.
• When the sun sets, moon’s temperature can drop to -153 degrees.
• The moon has weaker gravity than Earth.
• Neil Armstrong was the leading person to step on the moon.

Frequently Asked Questions on Essay

Question:  What are moon’s different phases?

Answer:  The different lunar phases are:

• New Moon, which means the unlit part of the moon
• Waxing and Waning Crescent, when the moon looks like a crescent just after the first lunar phase and new moon, respectively.
• First and Third Quarters, which are half-moon phases.
• Waxing and Waning Gibbous, when we can see more than 50% of the moon’s surface.

Question:  How does the moon help in the tide?

Answer: Moon helps in bringing tide by its gravitational pull. When the moon’s force is combined with the sun’s pull, the waters in the Earth’s oceans rise in that particular direction. The different positions of sun and moon cause spring and neap tides.

Question:  What can we find on the moon?

Answer: Numerous big craters can be seen on the moon’s surface. There are extinct volcanic mountains, seas that have formed from enormous cooled lava sheets. Many researchers have argued that water can also be found on the moon.

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The Moon – 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay For Children

Key Points To Remember When Writing Essay On Moon For Lower Primary Classes

5 sentences about moon for children, 10 lines on moon for kids, a paragraph on moon for children, short essay on moon in english for kids, long essay on moon for kids, interesting facts about moon for children, what will your child learn from the essay on moon.

The moon revolves around the earth and is Earth’s natural satellite. It reflects bright light from starry skies and adds a sense of peace and tranquillity to nightly environments. The moon is a beautiful sight, and it’s not every night we get to experience a full moon. Moonlight therapy is believed to improve eyesight, visualisation, imagination, and creative thinking skills. It also helps boost focus and overall concentration abilities. There is a lot to learn about moon, and a wonderful way to teach children is by asking them to write an essay in English on Moon.  Essay writing assignments for classes 1, 2, and 3 will be a great way to learn about this fantastic celestial body as well as develop their language, vocabulary and communication skills.

The moon symbolises serenity, beauty, and tranquillity in the night. Here are a few key points to remember when writing an essay about the moon for kids:

• Start with an introductory paragraph on how the moon was formed and its position in the solar system
• Get into the benefits of moonlight for humans and the missions around it.
• End with a conclusion paragraph and summarise the essay

Moon has always attracted humans in some way or other, and kids feel a special bond with it. Here are a  few lines about moon  in English:

• The moon reflects light from the sun and does not produce its own light
• The moon follows a fixed orbital pathway and is Earth’s natural satellite
• There are many rocks and craters on the moon
• Life is not sustainable on the moon since it lacks an atmosphere
• The age of moon is approximately 4.53 billion years

You can help your child learn about the moon by writing these 10 easy lines. Here are a few lines that can be used in an essay on moon for class 1 and 2.

• Moon is an astronomical body with a diameter of around 3475 km.
• There is no life found on the moon yet.
• Humans can’t live on the moon due to the absence of atmosphere.
• Many authors, artists, and poets have been inspired by the moon in the past and given history’s best work.
• Neil Armstrong was the first person to land on the moon in 1969.
• The moon is very dry, and there are no wet environments.
• The moon is Earth’s only natural satellite.
• The moon is beautiful and marvellous to look at.
• The temperature on the moon fluctuates between +200 to -200 degrees Celsius.
• Moon is approximately 4.53 billion old.

Since the beginning of time, man has always had a deep connection with the moon. It’s no wonder why there are so many mysteries around the moon and why scientists continue to do staggering research. Here is a short paragraph on moon for kids:

Moon has always been an object of admiration and curiosity for humanity. Moon is an astronomical body with a diameter of around 3475 km. The moon reflects light from the sun and does not produce its own light. Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin were the first two people to make a landing on the moon. They explored the surface, collected lunar rocks, and gave a moment to humans to remember always. It’s fascinating how scientists study the moon since there is still a lot we don’t know. Since then, many scientists worldwide have flown many astronauts to the depths of the moon.

It’s confirmed that man has conquered the moon. Many moon missions have been carried out since Neil Armstrong made his mark. Here is an essay for classes 1, 2, and 3 on the moon in English.

The moon can be seen from earth at night and shines brightly amidst the starry skies. We do not get to see a full moon every night but somewhat in different phases. The way earth revolves around the sun; the moon revolves around the earth. It takes around 27 days for the moon to do a complete orbit around the earth. There is no atmosphere on the moon; therefore, life cannot exist on earth. The moon is crucial in the formation of calendars. The temperature on the moon fluctuates between +200 to -200 degrees Celsius. It serves spiritual significance and is dubbed the fifth largest natural satellite in our solar system. Though the moon looks beautiful, it is full of rocks and craters. The moon doesn’t have its own shine; it is the reflection of the sunlight. Moon is the only natural satellite earth has. It’s amazing to see how scientists study the moon since there is still a lot we don’t know.

The moon is approximately 240,000 miles away from earth and is one of the brightest and most prominent objects in the night sky. Below is a long essay for class 3 on the moon for kids:

Moon is one of the most beautiful celestial bodies that can be seen from earth, and it has always inspired curiosity and imagination in humankind. Hence, scientists have designed several spacecraft projects to monitor the moon and observe its surroundings. When the moon and sun meet on opposite sides of the earth, it leads to a phenomenon known as a ‘total lunar eclipse.’

The moon is known by different names in various languages, such as ‘Luna,’ in Italian, ‘Mond,’ in German, and ‘Selene,’ in Greek. You can think of the moon as a desert with mountains and valleys since there are no life forms. There are many theories regarding the moon’s origins, but scientists think that the moon was made when the earth collided with a celestial body in space. The way earth revolves around the sun; the moon revolves around the earth. It takes around 27 days for the moon to do a complete orbit around the earth.

What Is Moon?

The moon is a vast rocky object that orbits the earth in space and has a total diameter of roughly 3,500 kilometers.

Phases Of Moon

The key phases of the moon are:

• New moon, which is when the moon is unlit
• Waxing and Waning Crescent, when the moon resembles a crescent, is also called post-lunar phase
• Half-moon phase, which is referred to collectively as the first and third quarter
• Full moon, a full view of the moon
• Waxing and Waning Gibbous, when more than 50% of the moon is visible

Importance Of Moon

The moon creates tides for the earth’s oceans and ensures a steady rhythm which gives the planet direction. It also stabilises the earth’s axis by mentioning its positioning relative to it in the solar system.

Man’s Journey To The Moon

The Apollo-11 mission was man’s first lunar landing. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin stepped out of Apollo 11 onto the moon’s surface. They collected samples from the moon’s surface and opened the room for more research on this glowing ball near earth called the moon.

Here are some interesting facts about the moon:

• The moon’s surface is soft, and powdery, almost resembling a desert
• The earth wouldn’t have long days without the presence of the moon
• Moon has an axis, too, just like the earth
• Armstrong spent 13 hours on the moon collecting rock fragments and doing experiments
• Apollo 11 is the first lunar project that made it to the moon and safely back to earth.

Your child will learn about the moon’s history, its importance, and why it exists through this essay.

1. How Was The Moon Formed?

It is believed that when earth and a small planet close to the size of Mars collided in space; the moon was formed.

2. How Old Is The Moon?

The moon is more than 4.53 billion years old.

3. How Many Moon Missions Has India Completed?

As of 2021, Chandrayaan-2 has completed over 9,000 revolutions of the moon and is India’s second biggest Moon Mission.

4. How Many Days Does The Moon Take to Complete An Orbit Around the Earth?

The moon takes approximately 27 days to complete a full circle around the earth.

Now that you know enough about the moon, you can begin writing that essay for kids. Have fun!

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Essay on “Satellite Communications” Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Satellite communications.

Satellite communications are the outgrowth of development in two main areas, space technology and communication technology. The first requirement for any space activity has, however, nothing to do with the state of technology since it concerns the ability to compute the velocity needed to escape earth’s gravity and, as a next step, to a satellite in orbit. This knowledge comes out of a very old branch of science, celestial mechanics which began when man first studied the motion of stars. The key technology in space flight generally is propulsion since the problem of launching objects into space revolves itself into securing initial thrust required to escape the gravitational attraction of the earth and to give the space object the velocity necessary to hold its course by the inertia of its motion. The ability to provide transportation services for a wide variety of spacecraft has progresses rapidly. The early efforts of the late 1950s involved modest mission any pay load requirements and were generally concerned with the launching of relatively simple space research experiments. The programme of the early 1960s expanded into such areas as lunar and inter-planetary probes. Today, a wide variety of spacecraft are launched on a routine basis. A family of proven launch vehicles exists which can be adapted to specific mission needs.

Rocket technology is more capable of accelerating useful payloads to the very high velocities required to orbit the earth, to escape the earth and go to the moon and the other planets and also of providing a high degree of precision when placing objects in orbit around the earth.

The existing rocketry power, to place satellite in orbit would, however, be of no practical value in the absence of efficient communication with the spacecraft. No meaningful activity in space would be possible without these. Space communication and computer technology depend on innovations and advances in electronics which started with the transistors invented in 1948. Since then the trend has been towards ever smaller, more reliable and versatile electronic devices which have become essential in aviation equipment, computers, space and communication industry.

The communication satellite is described as the climax of the revolution in communication and information which is to change our world into a global village. Some regard satellite communication as a further step towards still more powerful and all pervasive mass media whose contact binds individuals to a technocratic order. Others foresee a global mass of individuals more or less helplessly reeling under the impact of constant floods of incoherent information. Changes in the communication system which make it possible for more people to get access to more and a greater selection of information, education or entertainment might in themselves have far-reaching consequences, regardless of the content at a given moment. The sheer presence of television is expected to break the feeling of isolation in remote communities. The anxieties and fears that have been expressed with regard to the possibility of unwanted television broadcasts via satellites recognise  the importance of both the medium and the message, whatever, the theoretical position is taken. There is also a recognition of the much greater impact of television as compared to such a medium as short-wave radio as well as the concept of certain kinds of content being more acceptable – or unacceptable-than others.

It is often said that one of the main consequences of modern communication technology, as specifically represented by satellite communication, would be instantaneously and universally available information. The problem would then be one, not of availability, but of selectivity. This would imply the recognition of the need for new kinds of education so that “people can cope efficiently, imaginatively and perceptively with information overload” or of the important place held by the mass media, the significance of their goals, principles and practices.

However, these issues cannot be dealt with without some indications of the trends and possibilities and implications of satellite communication in the light of more clearly defined aspects. The implications may be seen from various points over view such as in response to such questions as to what kind of information can be or need be transmitted over satellites, according to what patterns, by whom, and for what purpose, in which context. The introduction of satellite communication occurs in widely different socio-economic, political and cultural contexts. The implications will, therefore, vary from country to country and region to region. One of the basic differences will be between those countries already possessing a well developed telecommunications and broadcasting network and nations with limited, inadequate facilities where geographical and other factors add to the difficulties in establishing nationwide net works. These two categories would generally but not completely correspond to the industrialised and developing areas of the world.

It has been said that satellite technology would be particularly unsuited to developing countries because it is expensive, technologically sophisticated and presents new problems when the present ones have not been solved. While admittedly the cost factor is an essential consideration, the scale of expenditure should not distract from an evaluation in terms of development goals that can be served in this way and in some cases in no other way. Moreover, the satellite system costs have fallen low enough to be within reach of developing countries, and to represent at least an option that should seriously be taken into account.

It has been recognised in various international bodies, primarily in the United Nations, that all efforts should be made to assist developing nations to benefit from space technology. It has been emphasized that if the developing countries continue to rely upon traditional, conventional techniques without taking the plunge into new technology, the gap between them and the technologically advanced countries will not close but continue to widen.

“Several peaceful applications of outer space can be applied now in developing countries to provide a new stimulus for progress. Above all, it is necessary to ensure that they are not compelled to follow through the same steps as were taken during the past century by those countries which are technologically advanced today. Many traditional technologies become much more cost effective if combined with space applications. The population explosion and the rapidly shrinking world do not permit delaying the benefits arising from space until the older methods have been developed. The question is not whether developing countries can afford the peaceful uses of outer space. Rather it is whether they can afford to ignore them”.

Another great inequality in today’s world, that must be overcome, lies in the disparity between the urban centre’s and the rural areas, which is particularly evident in the case of information and communication media. Traditionally, they are first established in the cities from where they slowly, if at all, penetrate the countryside. Terrestrial telecommunication and television networks almost never achieve full coverage. Therefore, “until the advent of space technology, many benefits of a modern society were available only to communities residing in large metropolitan areas or to those linearly connected to such areas. Through communication satellites, it is now possible to reach isolated communities dispersed over a large region without suffering economic penalty. This aspect of space technology is of particular significance to developing countries where agriculture plays a preponderant role and substantial sections of the population are non-urban with a low level of literacy.

“Education as well as information inputs which might contribute to motivation for modernisation, the use of new techniques in the production of food, improved health and sanitation, can all be provided much more readily if reliable audio-visual communication link can be established nation-wide. Moreover, many developing countries face an acute problem arising from social force of disintegration. Their continued viability is dependent on the integration of many religious, tribal, and regional groups which have distinct cultural and political traditions. A single system of mass communications providing a common-shared experience to the entire population can perform an important role in making credible the oneness of the territory.”

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Satellite Communication Questions

Satellite communication plays a vital role in global telecommunication. The use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth is known as satellite communication. Radio waves are used to carry satellite signals. These waves travel at 300,000 km/s.

The advantages of satellite communication are:

• The area of coverage is more than that of terrestrial systems.
• Every corner of the earth can be covered.
• Transmission cost is independent of coverage area.
• More bandwidth and broadcasting possibilities.

The disadvantage of satellite communication are:

• Free space loss is more.
• Launching satellites is not economical.
• Repairing a satellite is a challenging task.
• The propagation delay of satellite systems is more.
• Frequency congestions are seen.

Applications of satellite communication are:

• They are used in TV broadcasting like Direct To Home (DTH), voice communications, and radio broadcasting.
• Satellite communication is used in military applications and navigations.
• Satellite communication is used in remote sensing applications.
• It is used in weather monitoring and forecasting.

Important Satellite Communication Questions with Answers

1. What is a space station?

A space station is a spacecraft that supports a human crew in orbit for an extended period and is, therefore, a space habitat.

2. Ohsumi satellite belongs to which country?

• The United States of America

Answer: d) Japan

Explanation: Ohsumi is the first man-made satellite. It was launched by Japan in 1970.

3. GSAT-30 satellite launched by India is a ______.

• Agriculture satellite
• Weathering satellite
• Communication satellite
• Military satellite

Answer: c) Communication satellite

Explanation: GSAT-30 is a communication satellite.

4. How are the artificial satellites used in satellite communication classified?

Artificial satellites used in satellite communication are classified as:

• Passive satellites
• Active satellites

5. Choose YES or NO: Direct To Home (DTH) television broadcasting is possible because of satellite communication?

Answer: a) YES

Explanation: Direct To Home (DTH) television broadcasting results from satellite communication.

6. Which type of satellite amplifies the transmitted signals before re-transmitting them to Earth?

• Passive satellite
• Active satellite

Answer: b) Active satellite

Explanation: In the early stage, passive satellites were used, but in recent days active satellites have been used.

7. The transmission of the signal from an earth station to the satellite through a channel is known as ______.

• None of the options

Answer: b) Uplink

Explanation: The transmission of the signal from an earth station to the satellite through a channel is known as uplink.

8. How are satellite communication services classified?

Satellite communication services are classified as:

• One-way satellite communication
• Two-way satellite communication

9. Internet services are provided by _____

• Broadcasting satellite

Answer: d) Broadcasting satellite

Explanation: With the help of broadcasting satellites, internet services are provided.

10. Electromagnetic waves can carry _____

• Video signal
• Audio signal
• Both audio and video signals

Answer: c) Both audio and video signals.

Practice Questions

• What is a satellite?
• List the application of satellite communication.
• What are the advantages of satellite communication?
• List three types of satellites.
• Define downtime frequency.

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Solar Storm Intensifies, Filling Skies With Northern Lights

Officials warned of potential blackouts or interference with navigation and communication systems this weekend, as well as auroras as far south as Southern California or Texas.

By Katrina Miller and Judson Jones

Katrina Miller reports on space and astronomy and Judson Jones is a meteorologist.

A dramatic blast from the sun set off the highest-level geomagnetic storm in Earth’s atmosphere on Friday that is expected to make the northern lights visible as far south as Florida and Southern California and could interfere with power grids, communications and navigations system.

It is the strongest such storm to reach Earth since Halloween of 2003. That one was strong enough to create power outages in Sweden and damage transformers in South Africa.

The effects could continue through the weekend as a steady stream of emissions from the sun continues to bombard the planet’s magnetic field.

The solar activity is so powerful that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which monitors space weather, issued an unusual storm watch for the first time in 19 years, which was then upgraded to a warning. The agency began observing outbursts on the sun’s surface on Wednesday, with at least five heading in the direction of Earth.

“What we’re expecting over the next couple of days should be more significant than what we’ve seen certainly so far,” Mike Bettwy, the operations chief at NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center, said at a news conference on Friday morning.

For people in many places, the most visible part of the storm will be the northern lights, known also as auroras. But authorities and companies will also be on the lookout for the event’s effects on infrastructure, like global positioning systems, radio communications and even electrical power.

While the northern lights are most often seen in higher latitudes closer to the North Pole, people in many more parts of the world are already getting a show this weekend that could last through the early part of next week.

As Friday turned to Saturday in Europe, people across the continent described skies hued in a mottling of colors.

Alfredo Carpineti , an astrophysicist, journalist and author in North London, saw them with his husband from the rooftop of their apartment building.

“It is incredible to be able to see the aurora directly from one’s own backyard,” he said. “I was hoping to maybe catch a glimpse of green on the horizon, but it was all across the sky in both green and purple.”

Here’s what you need to know about this weekend’s solar event.

How will the storm affect people on Earth?

A geomagnetic storm watch or warning indicates that space weather may affect critical infrastructure on or orbiting near Earth. It may introduce additional current into systems, which could damage pipelines, railroad tracks and power lines.

According to Joe Llama, an astronomer at Lowell Observatory, communications that rely on high frequency radio waves, such as ham radio and commercial aviation , are most likely to suffer. That means it is unlikely that your cellphone or car radio, which depend on much higher frequency radio waves, will conk out.

Still, it is possible for blackouts to occur. As with any power outage, you can prepare by keeping your devices charged and having access to backup batteries, generators and radio.

The most notable solar storm recorded in history occurred in 1859. Known as the Carrington Event, it lasted for nearly a week, creating aurora that stretched down to Hawaii and Central America and impacting hundreds of thousands of miles of telegraph lines.

But that was technology of the 19th century, used before scientists fully understood how solar activity disrupted Earth’s atmosphere and communication systems.

“That was an extreme level event,” said Shawn Dahl, a forecaster at NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center. “We are not anticipating that.”

Unlike tornado watches and warnings, the target audience for NOAA’s announcements is not the public.

“For most people here on planet Earth, they won’t have to do anything,” said Rob Steenburgh, a space scientist at NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center.

The goal of the announcements is to give agencies and companies that operate this infrastructure time to put protection measures in place to mitigate any effects.

“If everything is working like it should, the grid will be stable and they’ll be able to go about their daily lives,” Mr. Steenburgh said.

Will I be able to see the northern lights?

It is possible that the northern lights may grace the skies this week over places that don’t usually see them. The best visibility is outside the bright lights of cities.

Clouds or stormy weather could pose a problem in some places. But if the skies are clear, even well south of where the aurora is forecast to take place, snap a picture or record a video with your cellphone. The sensor on the camera is more sensitive to the wavelengths produced by the aurora and may produce an image you can’t see with the naked eye.

Another opportunity could be viewing sunspots during the daytime, if your skies are clear. As always, do not look directly at the sun without protection. But if you still have your eclipse glasses lying around from the April 8 event, you may try to use them to try to spot the cluster of sunspots causing the activity.

How strong is the current geomagnetic storm?

Giant explosions on the surface of the sun, known as coronal mass ejections, send streams of energetic particles into space. But the sun is large, and such outbursts may not cross our planet as it travels around the star. But when these particles create a disturbance in Earth’s magnetic field, it is known as a geomagnetic storm.

NOAA classifies these storms on a “G” scale of 1 to 5, with G1 being minor and G5 being extreme. The most extreme storms can cause widespread blackouts and damage to infrastructure on Earth. Satellites may also have trouble orienting themselves or sending or receiving information during these events.

The current storm is classified as G5, or “extreme.” It is caused by a cluster of sunspots — dark, cool regions on the solar surface — that is about 16 times the diameter of Earth. The cluster is flaring and ejecting material every six to 12 hours.

“We anticipate that we’re going to get one shock after another through the weekend,” said Brent Gordon, chief of the space weather services branch at NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center.

Why is this happening now?

The sun’s activity ebbs and flows on an 11-year cycle, and right now, it is approaching a solar maximum. Three other severe geomagnetic storms have been observed so far in the current activity cycle, which began in December 2019, but none were predicted to cause effects strong enough on Earth to warrant a watch or warning announcement.

The cluster of sunspots generating the current storm is the largest seen in this solar cycle, NOAA officials said. They added that the activity in this cycle has outperformed initial predictions .

More flares and expulsions from this cluster are expected, but because of the sun’s rotation the cluster will be oriented in a position less likely to affect Earth. In the coming weeks, the sunspots may appear again on the left side of the sun, but it is difficult for scientists to predict whether this will cause another bout of activity.

“Usually, these don’t come around packing as much of a punch as they did originally,” Mr. Dahl said. “But time will tell on that.”

Jonathan O’Callaghan contributed reporting from London.

An earlier version of this article misstated the radio frequencies used by cellphones and car radios. They are higher frequencies, not low.

How we handle corrections

Katrina Miller is a science reporting fellow for The Times. She recently earned her Ph.D. in particle physics from the University of Chicago. More about Katrina Miller

Judson Jones is a meteorologist and reporter for The Times who forecasts and covers extreme weather. More about Judson Jones

What’s Up in Space and Astronomy

Keep track of things going on in our solar system and all around the universe..

Never miss an eclipse, a meteor shower, a rocket launch or any other 2024 event  that’s out of this world with  our space and astronomy calendar .

A dramatic blast from the sun  set off the highest-level geomagnetic storm in Earth’s atmosphere, making the northern lights visible around the world .

With the help of Google Cloud, scientists who hunt killer asteroids churned through hundreds of thousands of images of the night sky to reveal 27,500 overlooked space rocks in the solar system .

A celestial image, an Impressionistic swirl of color in the center of the Milky Way, represents a first step toward understanding the role of magnetic fields  in the cycle of stellar death and rebirth.

Scientists may have discovered a major flaw in their understanding of dark energy, a mysterious cosmic force . That could be good news for the fate of the universe.

Is Pluto a planet? And what is a planet, anyway? Test your knowledge here .

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Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English for School Students

Essay on chandrayaan 3 for school students: check here 100, 200 words essay on india's latest moon mission chandrayaan 3. students can also use this as a short speech for school assemblies or speech competitions. they, can also check the latest chandrayaan 3 updates to easily edit elements and elongate their essay as per their requirement..

Chandrayaan 3 Essay and Short Speech in English for School Students: Chandrayaan 3 was a gigantic success for India and now its Pragyaan rover has gone to sleep. To commemorate Chandrayaan 3 triumph and the soft landing of Vikram lander on the moon, National Space Day will be celebrated on August 23 every year as announced by PM Modi. Every Indian is proud of the soft landing of Chandrayaan 3 on the moon! In the latest update by ISRO, the propulsion module of Chandrayaan 3 has been brought back into the Earth's orbit.

As per ISRO's other update, t he Rover had completed its assignments and was parked and set into Sleep mode. The Chandrayaan 3 Rover Pragyaan had ramped down from the Lander a while after its landing on August 23rd. Pragyan rover was continuously walking on the moon and sending various details to the ISRO centre.

Related:  Chandrayaan 3: Will Pragyan Rover Wake Up Again? ALL You Need To Know 

In the vast space of our universe, where mythology and science come together so often, Chandrayaan-3 shines brightly as a symbol of India’s astral hope and exploration. It shows India's strong determination to uncover the moon's mysteries. With careful planning and robust designs, Chandrayaan-3 has gotten us closer to landing on the moon and discovering its hidden secrets. In this article, we have provided an essay on Chandrayaan in about 100 and 200 words. Students can easily refer to this essay and come up with their own modifications and tweaks in the essay body. 

Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English

Chandrayaan-3: india's latest lunar mission, chandrayaan 3 details, latest updates and information about chandrayaan 3.

• January 22, 2024

NASA Spacecraft Pings India’s Chandrayaan-3 on the Moon:

• September 22, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Efforts have been made to establish communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover to ascertain their wake-up condition. As of now, no signals have been received from them. Efforts to establish contact will continue. — ISRO (@isro) September 22, 2023

• September 5, 2023

. @NASA 's LRO spacecraft recently imaged the Chandrayaan-3 lander on the Moon’s surface. The ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) Chandrayaan-3 touched down on Aug. 23, 2023, about 600 kilometers from the Moon’s South Pole. MORE >> https://t.co/phmOblRlGO pic.twitter.com/CyhFrnvTjT — NASA Marshall (@NASA_Marshall) September 5, 2023

• September 2, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: The Rover completed its assignments. It is now safely parked and set into Sleep mode. APXS and LIBS payloads are turned off. Data from these payloads is transmitted to the Earth via the Lander. Currently, the battery is fully charged. The solar panel is… — ISRO (@isro) September 2, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: In-situ scientific experiments continue ..... Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) instrument onboard the Rover unambiguously confirms the presence of Sulphur (S) in the lunar surface near the south pole, through first-ever in-situ measurements.… pic.twitter.com/vDQmByWcSL — ISRO (@isro) August 29, 2023

• August 26, 2023: National Space Day on August 23rd, Announced by PM Modi to mark the success of Chandrayaan 3 on the moon.
• Chandrayaan 3 touchdown point on the moon will now be known as Shivshakti.
• Chandrayaan 2 touchdown point on the moon's surface will now be known as Tiranga Point.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Here are the first observations from the ChaSTE payload onboard Vikram Lander. ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) measures the temperature profile of the lunar topsoil around the pole, to understand the thermal behaviour of the moon's… pic.twitter.com/VZ1cjWHTnd — ISRO (@isro) August 27, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: All planned Rover movements have been verified. The Rover has successfully traversed a distance of about 8 meters. Rover payloads LIBS and APXS are turned ON. All payloads on the propulsion module, lander module, and rover are performing nominally.… — ISRO (@isro) August 25, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Chandrayaan-3 ROVER: Made in India 🇮🇳 Made for the MOON🌖! The Ch-3 Rover ramped down from the Lander and India took a walk on the moon ! More updates soon. #Chandrayaan_3 #Ch3 — ISRO (@isro) August 24, 2023

• August 23, 2023: India's lunar mission Chandrayaan 3 has successfully landed on the south pole of the moon.
• August 20, 2023: The Lander Module is in 25 km x 134 km orbit. Powered descent is expected to commence on August 23, 2023, around 1745 Hrs. IST
• August 19, 2023: The Lander Module is in 113 km x 157 km orbit around the moon. Second de-boosting is planned for August 20, 2023
• August 17, 2023: Lander Module is successfully separated from the Propulsion Module. Deboosting planned for August 18, 2023
• August 16, 2023: The spacecraft is in an orbit of 153 km x 163 km after the firing on August 16, 2023
• August 14, 2023: The mission is in the orbit circularisation phase. The spacecraft is in 151 km x 179 km orbit
• August 09, 2023: Chandrayaan-3's orbit is reduced to 174 km x 1437 km following a manoeuvre performed on August 9, 2023
• July 06, 2023: The launch is scheduled for July 14, 2023, at 14:35 Hrs. IST from the Second Launch Pad, SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota

Chandrayaan History - Chandrayaan 1, 2 and 3

Is chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on moon.

Yes, Chandrayaan 3 has successfully made a successful landing on the Southern pole of the Moon.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 'India🇮🇳, I reached my destination and you too!' : Chandrayaan-3 Chandrayaan-3 has successfully soft-landed on the moon 🌖!. Congratulations, India🇮🇳! #Chandrayaan_3 #Ch3 — ISRO (@isro) August 23, 2023

Chandrayaan 3 Photos and Videos

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 🔍What's new here? Pragyan rover roams around Shiv Shakti Point in pursuit of lunar secrets at the South Pole 🌗! pic.twitter.com/1g5gQsgrjM — ISRO (@isro) August 26, 2023

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CBSE Class 10 Maths Question Paper 2024, All SETs Download PDF

i mg src="https://img.jagranjosh.com/images/2024/March/1132024/cbse-class-10-maths-question-paper-pdf-2024.jpg" width="1200" height="675" />

CBSE Class 10 Maths Exam 2024: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Class 10 board exams are over and the 2024 results has been declared. The last examination was on March 13, 2024. The CBSE Class 10 result 2024 was announced on May 13, 2024. 93.60% cleared the examination and the rest have to reappear for the compartment examination. Worry not, the recent CBSE Class 10 board papers will help you in that. On March 11, 2024, the CBSE 10th Mathematics exam was conducted for 041 and 241 subject codes. The examination was scheduled from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. A few students felt the paper was a bit tricky but solvable if given more time. Well, that’s just a view of a handful of students; a larger group might have a different opinion.

Those who are looking for the question paper PDFs for Class 10th Maths paper CBSE, 2024, can download the files from here. The free downloadable PDFs of multiple sets are provided here, along with exam analysis and answer keys for 2024.

CBSE Class 10 Maths Exam 2024: Highlights

The basic highlights from the March 11, 2024 exam. 

CBSE Class 10 Mathematics Question Paper Format 2024

CBSE Question Paper Format (Maths Standard):

CBSE Question Paper Format (Maths Basic):

CBSE Class 10 Maths Question Paper PDF 2024

Get here free downloadable PDFs of CBSE Class 10 Maths Standard and Maths Basic question papers 2024. 

CBSE Class 10 Maths Standard Question Paper 2024 SET 1

CBSE Class 10 Maths Standard Question Paper SET 2

CBSE Class 10 Maths Standard Question Paper SET 3

CBSE Class 10 Maths Basic Question Paper SET 1

CBSE Class 10 Maths Basic Question Paper SET 2

CBSE Class 10 Maths Basic Question Paper SET 3

CBSE Class 10 Maths Exam Analysis 2024

Students’ and experts’ reviews of the CBSE Maths exam 2024 for Class 10 are important. Thus, to know how the CBSE 10th Mathematics Exam 2024 was for standard and basic, check the link below.

CBSE Class 10 Maths 2024 Answer Key

Students looking for provisional solutions for CBSE 10th Maths paper 2024 can check the answer key provided in the link below. The answer is expertly verified and will be perfect to match your answers.

Now the CBSE 10th exams are almost over students can take a relief and enjoy their holidays. 

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