health problem and solution essay

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Problem-solution essays Situation-problem-solution-evaluation

Problem-solution essays are a common essay type, especially for short essays such as subject exams or IELTS . The page gives information on what they are , how to structure this type of essay, and gives an example problem-solution essay on the topic of obesity and fitness levels.

What are problem-solution essays?

Problem-solution essays consider the problems of a particular situation, and give solutions to those problems. They are in some ways similar to cause and effect essays , especially in terms of structure (see below). Problem-solution essays are actually a sub-type of another type of essay, which has the following four components:

The 'situation' may be included in the essay prompt, in which case it will not be needed in the main body. If it is needed, it can often be included in the introduction, especially for short essays, as with the example essay below . The 'evaluation' may be included as part of the conclusion (also as in the example below), or omitted altogether, especially for short essays. For these reasons, problem-solution essays are more common than situation-problem-solution-evaluation essays (or SPSE essays).

There are two main ways to structure a problem-solution essay. These are similar to the ways to structure cause and effect essays , namely using a block or a chain structure. For the block structure, all of the problems are listed first, and all of the solutions are listed afterwards. For the chain structure, each problem is followed immediately by the solution to that problem. Both types of structure have their merits. The former is generally clearer, especially for shorter essays, while the latter ensures that any solutions you present relate directly to the problems you have given.

The two types of structure, block and chain , are shown in the diagram below. This is for a short essay, which includes the 'situation' in the introduction and 'evaluation' in the conclusion. A longer essay, for example one of around 1,000 words, with citations , would probably have these two sections as separate paragraphs in the main body.

Example essay

Below is a problem-solution essay on the topic of obesity and poor fitness . It uses the block structure . Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes) to highlight the different structural aspects in this essay, i.e. Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation. This will highlight not simply the paragraphs, but also (for problems and solutions) the thesis statement and summary , as these repeat the problems and solutions contained in the main body.

Consumption of processed and convenience foods and our dependence on the car have led to an increase in obesity and reduction in the fitness level of the adult population. In some countries, especially industrialized ones, the number of obese people can amount to one third of the population. This is significant as obesity and poor fitness lead to a decrease in life expectancy , and it is therefore important for individuals and governments to work together to tackle this issue and improve their citizens' diet and fitness. Obesity and poor fitness decrease life expectancy. Overweight people are more likely to have serious illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease, which can result in premature death. It is well known that regular exercise can reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, which means that those with poor fitness levels are at an increased risk of suffering from those problems. Changes by individuals to their diet and their physical activity can increase life expectancy. There is a reliance today on the consumption of processed foods, which have a high fat and sugar content. By preparing their own foods, and consuming more fruit and vegetables, people could ensure that their diets are healthier and more balanced, which could lead to a reduction in obesity levels. In order to improve fitness levels, people could choose to walk or cycle to work or to the shops rather than taking the car. They could also choose to walk up stairs instead of taking the lift. These simple changes could lead to a significant improvement in fitness levels. Governments could also implement initiatives to improve their citizens' eating and exercise habits. This could be done through education, for example by adding classes to the curriculum about healthy diet and lifestyles. Governments could also do more to encourage their citizens to walk or cycle instead of taking the car, for instance by building more cycle lanes or increasing vehicle taxes. While some might argue that increased taxes are a negative way to solve the problem, it is no different from the high taxes imposed on cigarettes to reduce cigarette consumption. In short, obesity and poor fitness are a significant problem in modern life, leading to lower life expectancy . Individuals and governments can work together to tackle this problem and so improve diet and fitness . Of the solutions suggested, those made by individuals themselves are likely to have more impact, though it is clear that a concerted effort with the government is essential for success. With obesity levels in industrialized and industrializing countries continuing to rise, it is essential that we take action now to deal with this problem.

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Author: Sheldon Smith    ‖    Last modified: 22 January 2022.

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Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.

Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).

Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.

Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).

Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.

Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.

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90+ Strong Health Essay Topics And How To Handle Them

Table of Contents

You can write about healthy lifestyle, rehabilitation after traumas, childcare, common or rare diseases, global advances in health and medicine, environmental health issues, and more.

How to deal with essay on health?

Your essay will be the most impressive if you choose a topic that is familiar to you or you can write about something you have experience with. It will be easier for you to do a health essay paper and build a convincing argument. Another approach is choosing a topic which is not familiar to you but in which you are interested in. It would be a great opportunity for you to educate yourself.

If you pick an interesting essay topic idea which is too broad to cover in your essay, you should do additional keyword research and look for some specific aspects of this topic to narrow it.

Keep in mind that you should look for a narrow topic which has enough available resources that you can use for researching it.

Before you start writing, make sure you have found enough evidence and examples to support your argument. A good idea is to create a working outline or a mind map for your essay that will guide your writing and help you stay focused on your key points.

First, create a strong thesis statement and think about several main points to support it.

If you are looking for health topics to write about and are not sure what to write about, here we have gathered a lot of exciting ideas that you won’t find on any other essay writing services.

Feel free to use them as inspiration own topic ideas or for writing your essays.

Health topics to write about

• How Can We Help Children Maintain a Healthy Body Weight?
• Ethical and Legal Issues of Surrogate Pregnancy.
• How Dangerous are Long-term Consequences of Anorexia?
• Principles of Preventing Medical Errors in Hospitals.
• How Can Doctors Promote Healthy Lifestyle?
• Why is Homeopathy a Pseudo-Science?
• What Are Side Effects of Blood Transfusion?
• Types of Eating Disorders.
• Can a Vegan Diet Be Healthy?
• The Best Strategies to Maintain Healthy Body Weight.
• Psychological Issues of Breast Cancer.
• Importance of Organ Donation after Death.
• Can Cloning Help Save Lives?
• Ethics in Human Experimentation.
• Symptoms of Heart Attacks in Women.
• Is It Possible to Cure Diabetes in the Future?

Interesting health topics to write about

• What is the Difference Between Western Medicine and Alternative Medicine?
• Health Consequences of Eating Disorders.
• Bioprinting as the Future of Organ Transplants.
• Use of Stem Cell Technologies for Cancer Treatment.
• Ethical and Social Issues of Cosmetic Surgery.
• How Does Advertising Influence Healthy Food Choices?
• Role of Nutrition Education in Promoting Healthy Diets.
• Fast Food Consumption and Obesity.
• How Can Exercise Help Senior Improve Strength and Balance?
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Weight Loss Surgery.
• Obesity as a Medical and Social Problem.
• Strategies for Heart Disease Prevention.
• How Long Can Humans Actually Live?
• Pros and Cons of Clinical Trials.
• Alternative Ways to Treat Depression.
• Is There a Cure for HIV or AIDS?

Controversial health essay topics

• Is There a Link Between Sugary Drinks and Cancer?
• Health Consequences of Caffeine.
• Can Little Kid Food Habits Signal Autism?
• Should Euthanasia Be Legalized?
• Pros and Cons of Medical Marijuana.
• Is Alternative Medicine Dangerous?
• Is Doing Sports always Healthy?
• Which Diet Is Better: Low-Fat or Low-Carb?
• Discuss Measures for Prevention of Communicable Diseases.
• Social Determinants That Influence People’s Well-being.
• Are Doctors Responsible for the Opioid Epidemic?
• Is Religion a Mental Disorder?
• Is Nuclear Waste Really Dangerous for People?
• Is a No-Carb Diet Safe?
• Are We Too Dependent on Antibiotics?
• Are Natural Medicines a Good Alternative to Pharmaceutical?
• Can Blockchain Help Improve the Trust in the Accuracy of Clinical Trials Data?

Mental health argumentative essay topics

• Influence of Environmental Factors on Mental Health.
• Drug Misuse and Mental Disorders.
• Social Effects of Mental Disorders.
• Alcohol Addiction and Psychiatric Disorders.
• Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment of Teen Depression.
• How to Protect Your Mental Health from Social Media Dangers.
• Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness on Severe Mental Disorders.
• Negative Effects of Total Isolation on Physical and Mental Health.
• Mental Health Benefits Associated with Physical Activity.
• Association between Exercise and Mood.
• Mental Health Problems of Homeless People.
• Stress as a Risk Factor for Mental Disorders.
• Effect of Disposer to Violence on Mental Disorders.
• Common Mental Disorders in the USA.
• Depression and Anxiety Disorders among Adults.
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders.
• Economic Burden of Depression and Anxiety Disorders.
• Influence of Anxiety Disorders on the Quality of Life.

Health care essay topics

• Advantages and Challenges of E-health Technology.
• Application of Big Data to the Medical Care System.
• Risk Connected with Untested Methods of Alternative Medicine.
• Controversial Issues in the US Medical Care System.
• Telemedicine and Other Disruptive Innovations in Health Care System.
• How Can We Achieve Health Equity?
• Impact of Racism on the Well-Being of the Nation.
• School-based Health Care and Educational Success of Children.
• Role of School-based Health Care in Preventing Dropout.
• What Can Be Done to Curb Rising Suicide Rates?
• Do Adults and Senior Still Need Vaccines?
• What Human Rights Issues Have an Impact on Public Health?
• What Measures Should Be Taken to Prevent Heat-related Deaths?
• Discuss Healthy Housing Standards.
• What Are Common Strategies for Prevention of Chronic Diseases?

Health essay topics for high school students

• Can Computers Displace Doctors?
• Can People Become Immortal?
• Can Happiness Cure Diseases?
• How to Prevent Teen Pregnancy?
• The Biggest Health Challenges Facing Youth.
• Importance of Balanced Diet for Teenagers.
• Does Being Healthy Make You Happy?
• Why Is Exercise Important to Teenagers?
• Why Is Obesity Becoming an Epidemic?
• How to Become a Healthy Person.
• Importance of Healthy Lifestyle for Teens.
• Negative Impact of Smoking Teenagers.
• How Does Stress Affect Teenagers?
• Why Do Teenagers Experiment with Drugs?
• How to Develop Healthy Eating Habits.

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Home — Essay Types — Problem Solution Essay

Problem Solution Essay Examples

Choosing the right problem solution essay topics can make a significant difference in the quality of your work and your overall success.

The choice of your problem solution essay topics for college students is crucial because it sets the tone for your entire essay. A well-chosen topic not only makes your essay more engaging but also facilitates the research and writing process. It allows you to explore a subject you're passionate about while demonstrating your critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Choosing a Problem Solution Essay Topic

Before we delve into the problem solution essay topics list, let's discuss some essential factors to consider when making your selection:

• Relevance: Choose a topic that is relevant to your course or field of study. It should align with your academic goals and interests.
• Feasibility: Ensure that your chosen problem has a realistic solution. Avoid topics with overly complex or unsolvable issues.
• Significance: Select a topic that addresses a real-world problem or issue. It should be something that matters to your audience and society as a whole.
• Personal Interest: Opt for a topic that genuinely interests you. Your enthusiasm will shine through in your writing and make the essay more enjoyable for both you and your readers.
• Availability of Information: Check if there is enough research material available on your chosen topic. Having access to credible sources is essential for building a strong argument.

15 Unique Problem Solution Topics for Essay

Now that we've covered the importance of choosing the right topic, let's explore 15 unique topics for problem solution essay that you can consider for your next assignment:

• Combating Cyberbullying in Schools
• Reducing Food Waste: A Sustainable Solution
• Promoting Mental Health Awareness Among Teens
• The Opioid Epidemic: Finding a Path to Recovery
• Problems and Solutions of Procrastination Regarding Time Management
• Tackling Air Pollution in Urban Areas
• Overcoming the Digital Divide in Education
• Addressing Youth Unemployment
• Social Media is The Reason for Many of The World’s Problems and Solutions
• Combating Gender Inequality in the Workplace
• Bullying in Schools: A Comprehensive Approach
• Sustainable Agriculture: Feeding the Future
• The Aging Population: Meeting Healthcare Needs
• Curbing Plastic Pollution: A Global Responsibility
• Effective Parenting in the Digital Age

10 Problem Solution Persuasive Speech Topics

These problem solution persuasive speech topics are aimed at persuading the audience to consider and support specific solutions to pressing issues:

• Combating Online Harassment
• Addressing the Mental Health Crisis
• Tackling Childhood Obesity
• Ensuring Affordable Healthcare for All
• Solving the Student Loan Crisis
• Curbing Youth Unemployment: Job Opportunities
• Reversing Climate Change: Renewable Energy
• Implementing Sensible Gun Control Measures
• Supporting Food Security Initiatives
• Promoting Gender Equality in the Workplace

Selecting the right problem solution essay topic is the first step towards crafting a compelling and impactful essay. Remember to consider relevance, feasibility, significance, personal interest, and the availability of information when making your choice. Once you've chosen a topic from our list or been inspired to come up with your own, you're well on your way to crafting a thought-provoking essay that offers solutions to real-world problems.

A problem solution essay is an analytical piece of writing that describes a problem or issue and proposes well-researched, viable solutions. Students are often tasked with writing these essays, as they require critical thinking to develop a thorough understanding of the problem and present solutions supported by evidence. This guide will outline the key steps for writing an excellent problem solution essay, using a problem solution essay example and relevant analysis to illustrate the process. For more impactful guidance, explore analytical essay titles with a punch to spark creativity and precision in your writing approach.

Introduction to the Problem Solution Essay 

A problem solution essay identifies an issue or problem and aims to persuade readers that solutions exist to resolve it. The essay should outline the problem in the introduction, analyze its causes and effects, propose realistic solutions backed by research, recommend the best solution, and issue a call to action to implement the solution. Transitions should connect each section seamlessly. A strong conclusion reiterates the solutions and urges change.

Problem solution essays tackle current social, political, economic, or environmental issues facing society rather than personal problems. The writer’s aim is to bring awareness and understanding to the problem while convincing readers of the feasibility and necessity of the solution. If you’re looking for practical guidance, you can find problem and solution essay examples to further illustrate these concepts and improve your own writing.

Selecting a Topics for a Problem Solution Essay

Choosing an engaging topic is crucial to writing an interesting problem solution essay. The topic should be focused, address a current issue, and offer realistic solutions. Here are some productive categories to consider:

• Political, Social, or Environmental Issues

Examples include poverty, gender inequality, pollution, global warming, public health, etc. Provide well-researched data and expert analysis of the origins and development of the issue.

• Everyday Problems 

Topics like traffic congestion, lack of recycling, childhood obesity, high cost of college, boredom and stress in school, etc. connect with readers’ daily lives. Support causes and effects with surveys and statistics.

• Hypothetical Situations

Speculative topics imagine an unfavorable scenario like all energy sources disappearing or aliens attacking Earth. Explore imaginative preventative solutions supported by logic and reason.

Avoid overly broad or vague topics without clear solutions. Select issues that really spark your interest as your enthusiasm will show in your writing.

Components of a Problem Solution Essay

• Engaging Introduction. Open with a thought-provoking statistic, question, anecdote, or fact about the problem. Foreshadow the solutions and briefly state the call to action.
• Background on the Problem. Provide detailed facts, data, history, and context. Analyze the causes, effects, and current status through research. Use sources like academic studies, news articles, and surveys.
• Solutions Section. Brainstorm 2-3 attainable solutions. Logically analyze the pros and cons of each solution. Cite evidence on the feasibility or past successes of these approaches.
• Recommended Solution with Rationale. Choose one robust solution and argue convincingly why it is the best option based on your research in the previous section. Address opposing viewpoints.
• Persuasive Call to Action. Inspire readers to implement this solution through collective action. Describe specific steps readers can take. Share resources.
• Smooth Transitions. Use transition words like “First”, “However”, “Consequently”, “Therefore”, “On the other hand”, “For example”, “In conclusion” between ideas and sections.
• Impactful Conclusion. Restate the problem and solutions. Summarize your argument advocating for the best solution. End with a memorable final statement to motivate readers.

How to Write a Conclusion For problem Solution Essay 

Writing a conclusion for a problem solution essay involves summarizing the key points and providing a clear and compelling resolution to the problem discussed. Here are the three most important points to include in your conclusion:

Problem Solution Short Essay Example Analysis 

Here is an excerpt of a problem solution essay responding to the prompt : “Obesity is becoming an increasingly difficult problem across the globe. How can we combat this issue?”

> Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, with rates doubling since 1980. A 2018 CDC study found that 40% of American adults are obese, causing chronic illnesses like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer (Smith, 2019). We must take collective action to reverse this preventable health crisis through measures like sugar taxes, nutrition education, and access to healthy affordable foods.

> Implementing a sugar tax on sodas and junk food is an effective solution evidenced by results in countries like Mexico and Hungary where obesity rates declined after introducing taxes…[analysis of research studies]

This introduction hooks readers by stating a surprising fact about escalating obesity rates while foreshadowing solutions like a sugar tax. The background provides well-cited statistics demonstrating the scope of the problem through authoritative sources. The writer recommends the tax as the best solution based on concrete evidence. The sample essay follows the standard problem-solution structure and addresses the prompt appropriately.  

Problem Solution Essay Example

In this compilation, we present a selection of problem-solution essay examples . These essays offer practical insights into addressing various issues through persuasive arguments and proposed solutions. Explore these examples of problem-solution essays to grasp effective problem-solving techniques, innovative approaches, and persuasive writing strategies. If you’re looking for further inspiration, consider delving into i nsights into argumentative essay examples for additional guidance and strategies in crafting compelling arguments.

Problem Solution Essay: Additional Tips for Students

To summarize, here are some key tips for students writing problem solution essays:

✅ Select a focused, current issue for your topic with achievable solutions 

✅ Research extensively to understand the problem’s origins, effects, key stakeholders etc.

✅ Brainstorm innovative but realistic solutions supported by facts, statistics, expert data and case studies

✅ Recommend one solution using convincing evidence and address opposing viewpoints

✅ Persuade readers to take action through clear steps in your call to action

✅ Use transitions, precise language, and an organized structure

✅ Proofread carefully and check formatting requirements

By following these guidelines, students can produce compelling problem solution essays on topics that really resonate with their interests. The professional structure and tips provided above will help tackle these academically challenging essays effectively.

Homelessness Problem Solution

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What is a problem solution essay?

An essay that identifies the problem or an issue, providing several ways to resolve it. A typical problem solution essay example is river pollution or youth gang problems. Include a description of a problem with statistical data or references. As a rule, a solution is offered with due analysis. All problems and solutions examples must include strong argumentation and references.

How to write a problem solution essay?

An introduction part must provide information about the issue and explain why it matters. Provide a list of solutions or mention a methodology. Good problem solution essay topics analyze the strengths and weaknesses of existing solutions by coming to a conclusion and a list of recommendations. Remember about references and backing up your argumentation with evaluation in the Conclusion part.

How do I choose a good topic for a problem solution essay?

Focus on a current issue that interests you and has viable solutions. Avoid topics that are too broad or have no clear remedies. Select locally relevant problems or hypothetical scenarios.

What makes a good thesis statement for a problem solution essay?

Your thesis should identify the problem and the solution(s) you will argue for in the essay. Keep it concise, focused, and clear.

What types of evidence should I use to support my solutions?

Reference studies, statistics, expert opinions, case studies, logical reasoning, analogies, and anecdotes that build a strong case for your solution

The most popular topics for Problem Solution Essay

• Gun Control
• Drug Addiction
• Women's Rights
• Postpartum Depression
• Illegal Immigration
• Gun Violence
• Teenage Pregnancy
• Consumerism
• Human Trafficking
• Domestic Violence

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How to build a better health system: 8 expert essays

We need to focus on keeping people healthy, not just treating them when they're sick Image:  REUTERS/Rupak De Chowdhuri

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Introduction

By Francesca Colombo , Head, Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Helen E. Clark , Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999-2008), The Helen Clark Foundation

Our healthy future cannot be achieved without putting the health and wellbeing of populations at the centre of public policy.

Ill health worsens an individual’s economic prospects throughout the lifecycle. For young infants and children, ill health affects their capacity to acumulate human capital; for adults, ill health lowers quality of life and labour market outcomes, and disadvantage compounds over the course of a lifetime.

And, yet, with all the robust evidence available that good health is beneficial to economies and societies, it is striking to see how health systems across the globe struggled to maximise the health of populations even before the COVID-19 pandemic – a crisis that has further exposed the stresses and weaknesses of our health systems. These must be addressed to make populations healthier and more resilient to future shocks.

Each one of us, at least once in our lives, is likely to have been frustrated with care that was inflexible, impersonal and bureaucratic. At the system level, these individual experiences add up to poor safety, poor care coordination and inefficiencies – costing millions of lives and enormous expense to societies.

This state of affairs contributes to slowing down the progress towards achieving the sustainable development goals to which all societies, regardless of their level of economic development, have committed.

Many of the conditions that can make change possible are in place. For example, ample evidence exists that investing in public health and primary prevention delivers significant health and economic dividends. Likewise, digital technology has made many services and products across different sectors safe, fast and seamless. There is no reason why, with the right policies, this should not happen in health systems as well. Think, for example, of the opportunities to bring high quality and specialised care to previously underserved populations. COVID-19 has accelerated the development and use of digital health technologies. There are opportunities to further nurture their use to improve public health and disease surveillance, clinical care, research and innovation.

To encourage reform towards health systems that are more resilient, better centred around what people need and sustainable over time, the Global Future Council on Health and Health Care has developed a series of stories illustrating why change must happen, and why this is eminently possible today. While the COVID-19 crisis is severally challenging health systems today, our healthy future is – with the right investments – within reach.

1. Five changes for sustainable health systems that put people first

The COVID-19 crisis has affected more than 188 countries and regions worldwide, causing large-scale loss of life and severe human suffering. The crisis poses a major threat to the global economy, with drops in activity, employment, and consumption worse than those seen during the 2008 financial crisis . COVID-19 has also exposed weaknesses in our health systems that must be addressed. How?

For a start, greater investment in population health would make people, particularly vulnerable population groups, more resilient to health risks. The health and socio-economic consequences of the virus are felt more acutely among disadvantaged populations, stretching a social fabric already challenged by high levels of inequalities. The crisis demonstrates the consequences of poor investment in addressing wider social determinants of health, including poverty, low education and unhealthy lifestyles. Despite much talk of the importance of health promotion, even across the richer OECD countries barely 3% of total health spending is devoted to prevention . Building resilience for populations also requires a greater focus on solidarity and redistribution in social protection systems to address underlying structural inequalities and poverty.

Beyond creating greater resilience in populations, health systems must be strengthened.

High-quality universal health coverage (UHC) is paramount. High levels of household out-of-pocket payments for health goods and services deter people from seeking early diagnosis and treatment at the very moment they need it most. Facing the COVID-19 crisis, many countries have strengthened access to health care, including coverage for diagnostic testing. Yet others do not have strong UHC arrangements. The pandemic reinforced the importance of commitments made in international fora, such as the 2019 High-Level Meeting on Universal Health Coverage , that well-functioning health systems require a deliberate focus on high-quality UHC. Such systems protect people from health threats, impoverishing health spending, and unexpected surges in demand for care.

Second, primary and elder care must be reinforced. COVID-19 presents a double threat for people with chronic conditions. Not only are they at greater risk of severe complications and death due to COVID-19; but also the crisis creates unintended health harm if they forgo usual care, whether because of disruption in services, fear of infections, or worries about burdening the health system. Strong primary health care maintains care continuity for these groups. With some 94% of deaths caused by COVID-19 among people aged over 60 in high-income countries, the elder care sector is also particularly vulnerable, calling for efforts to enhance control of infections, support and protect care workers and better coordinate medical and social care for frail elderly.

Third, the crisis demonstrates the importance of equipping health systems with both reserve capacity and agility. There is an historic underinvestment in the health workforce, with estimated global shortages of 18 million health professionals worldwide , mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Beyond sheer numbers, rigid health labour markets make it difficult to respond rapidly to demand and supply shocks. One way to address this is by creating a “reserve army” of health professionals that can be quickly mobilised. Some countries have allowed medical students in their last year of training to start working immediately, fast-tracked licenses and provided exceptional training. Others have mobilised pharmacists and care assistants. Storing a reserve capacity of supplies such as personal protection equipment, and maintaining care beds that can be quickly transformed into critical care beds, is similarly important.

Fourth, stronger health data systems are needed. The crisis has accelerated innovative digital solutions and uses of digital data, smartphone applications to monitor quarantine, robotic devices, and artificial intelligence to track the virus and predict where it may appear next. Access to telemedicine has been made easier. Yet more can be done to leverage standardised national electronic health records to extract routine data for real-time disease surveillance, clinical trials, and health system management. Barriers to full deployment of telemedicine, the lack of real-time data, of interoperable clinical record data, of data linkage capability and sharing within health and with other sectors remain to be addressed.

Fifth, an effective vaccine and successful vaccination of populations around the globe will provide the only real exit strategy. Success is not guaranteed and there are many policy issues yet to be resolved. International cooperation is vital. Multilateral commitments to pay for successful candidates would give manufacturers certainty so that they can scale production and have vaccine doses ready as quickly as possible following marketing authorisation, but could also help ensure that vaccines go first to where they are most effective in ending the pandemic. Whilst leaders face political pressure to put the health of their citizens first, it is more effective to allocate vaccines based on need. More support is needed for multilateral access mechanisms that contain licensing commitments and ensure that intellectual property is no barrier to access, commitments to technology transfer for local production, and allocation of scarce doses based on need.

The pandemic offers huge opportunities to learn lessons for health system preparedness and resilience. Greater focus on anticipating responses, solidarity within and across countries, agility in managing responses, and renewed efforts for collaborative actions will be a better normal for the future.

OECD Economic Outlook 2020 , Volume 2020 Issue 1, No. 107, OECD Publishing, Paris

OECD Employment Outlook 2020 : Worker Security and the COVID-19 Crisis, OECD Publishing, Paris

OECD Health at a Glance 2019, OECD Publishing, Paris

https://www.un.org/pga/73/wp-content/uploads/sites/53/2019/07/FINAL-draft-UHC-Political-Declaration.pdf

OECD (2020), Who Cares? Attracting and Retaining Care Workers for the Elderly, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris

Working for Health and Growth: investing in the health workforce . Report of the High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, Geneva.

Colombo F., Oderkirk J., Slawomirski L. (2020) Health Information Systems, Electronic Medical Records, and Big Data in Global Healthcare: Progress and Challenges in OECD Countries . In: Haring R., Kickbusch I., Ganten D., Moeti M. (eds) Handbook of Global Health. Springer, Cham.

2. Improving population health and building healthy societies in times of COVID-19

By Helena Legido-Quigley , Associate Professor, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a stark reminder of the fragility of population health worldwide; at time of writing, more than 1 million people have died from the disease. The pandemic has already made evident that those suffering most from COVID-19 belong to disadvantaged populations and marginalised communities. Deep-rooted inequalities have contributed adversely to the health status of different populations within and between countries. Besides the direct and indirect health impacts of COVID-19 and the decimation of health systems, restrictions on population movement and lockdowns introduced to combat the pandemic are expected to have economic and social consequences on an unprecedented scale .

Population health – and addressing the consequences of COVID-19 – is about improving the physical and mental health outcomes and wellbeing of populations locally, regionally and nationally, while reducing health inequalities.¹ Moreover, there is an increasing recognition that societal and environmental factors, such as climate change and food insecurity, can also influence population health outcomes.

The experiences of Maria, David, and Ruben – as told by Spanish public broadcaster RTVE – exemplify the real challenges that people living in densely populated urban areas have faced when being exposed to COVID-19.¹

Maria is a Mexican migrant who has just returned from Connecticut to the Bronx. Her partner Jorge died in Connecticut from COVID-19. She now has no income and is looking for an apartment for herself and her three children. When Jorge became ill, she took him to the hospital, but they would not admit him and he was sent away to be cared for by Maria at home with their children. When an ambulance eventually took him to hospital, it was too late. He died that same night, alone in hospital. She thinks he had diabetes, but he was never diagnosed. They only had enough income to pay the basic bills. Maria is depressed, she is alone, but she knows she must carry on for her children. Her 10-year old child says that if he could help her, he would work. After three months, she finds an apartment.

David works as a hairdresser and takes an overcrowded train every day from Leganés to Chamberi in the centre of Madrid. He lives in a small flat in San Nicasio, one of the poorest working-class areas of Madrid with one of the largest ageing populations in Spain. The apartments are very small, making it difficult to be in confinement, and all of David’s neighbours know somebody who has been a victim of COVID-19. His father was also a hairdresser. David's father was not feeling well; he was taken to hospital by ambulance, and he died three days later. David was not able to say goodbye to his father. Unemployment has increased in that area; small local shops are losing their customers, and many more people are expecting to lose their jobs.

Ruben lives in Iztapalapa in Mexico City with three children, a daughter-in-law and five grandchildren. Their small apartment has few amenities, and no running water during the evening. At three o’clock every morning, he walks 45 minutes with his mobile stall to sell fruit juices near the hospital. His daily earnings keep the family. He goes to the central market to buy fruit, taking a packed dirty bus. He thinks the city's central market was contaminated at the beginning of the pandemic, but it could not be closed as it is the main source of food in the country. He has no health insurance, and he knows that as a diabetic he is at risk, but medication for his condition is too expensive. He has no alternative but to go to work every day: "We die of hunger or we die of COVID."

These real stories highlight the issues that must be addressed to reduce persistent health inequalities and achieve health outcomes focusing on population health. The examples of Maria, David and Ruben show the terrible outcomes COVID-19 has had for people living in poverty and social deprivation, older people, and those with co-morbidities and/or pre-existing health conditions. All three live in densely populated urban areas with poor housing, and have to travel long distances in overcrowded transport. Maria’s loss of income has had consequences for her housing security and access to healthcare and health insurance, which will most likely lead to worse health conditions for her and her children. Furthermore, all three experienced high levels of stress, which is magnified in the cases of Maria and David who were unable to be present when their loved ones died.

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it evident that to improve the health of the population and build healthy societies, there is a need to shift the focus from illness to health and wellness in order to address the social, political and commercial determinants of health; to promote healthy behaviours and lifestyles; and to foster universal health coverage.² Citizens all over the world are demanding that health systems be strengthened and for governments to protect the most vulnerable. A better future could be possible with leadership that is able to carefully consider the long-term health, economic and social policies that are needed.

In order to design and implement population health-friendly policies, there are three prerequisites. First, there is a need to improve understanding of the factors that influence health inequalities and the interconnections between the economic, social and health impacts. Second, broader policies should be considered not only within the health sector, but also in other sectors such as education, employment, transport and infrastructure, agriculture, water and sanitation. Third, the proposed policies need to be designed through involving the community, addressing the health of vulnerable groups, and fostering inter-sectoral action and partnerships.

Finally, within the UN's Agenda 2030 , Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 sets out a forward-looking strategy for health whose main goal is to attain healthier lives and wellbeing. The 17 interdependent SDGs offer an opportunity to contribute to healthier, fairer and more equitable societies from which both communities and the environment can benefit.

The stories of Maria, David and Ruben are real stories featured in the Documentary: The impact of COVID19 in urban outskirts, Directed by Jose A Guardiola. Available here. Permission has been granted to narrate these stories.

Buck, D., Baylis, A., Dougall, D. and Robertson, R. (2018). A vision for population health: Towards a healthier future . [online] London: The King's Fund. [Accessed 20 Sept. 2020]

Wilton Park. (2020). Healthy societies, healthy populations (WP1734). Wiston House, Steyning. Retrieved from https://www.wiltonpark.org.uk/event/wp1734/ Cohen B. E. (2006). Population health as a framework for public health practice: a Canadian perspective. American journal of public health , 96 (9), 1574–1576.

3. Imagine a 'well-care' system that invests in keeping people healthy

By Maliha Hashmi , Executive Director, Health and Well-Being and Biotech, NEOM, and Jan Kimpen , Global Chief Medical Officer, Philips

Imagine a patient named Emily. Emily is aged 32 and I’m her doctor.

Emily was 65lb (29kg) above her ideal body weight, pre-diabetic and had high cholesterol. My initial visit with Emily was taken up with counselling on lifestyle changes, mainly diet and exercise; typical advice from one’s doctor in a time-pressured 15-minute visit. I had no other additional resources, incentives or systems to support me or Emily to help her turn her lifestyle around.

I saw Emily eight months later, not in my office, but in the hospital emergency room. Her husband accompanied her – she was vomiting, very weak and confused. She was admitted to the intensive care unit, connected to an insulin drip to lower her blood sugar, and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. I talked to Emily then, emphasizing that the new medications for diabetes would only control the sugars, but she still had time to reverse things if she changed her lifestyle. She received further counselling from a nutritionist.

Over the years, Emily continued to gain weight, necessitating higher doses of her diabetes medication. More emergency room visits for high blood sugars ensued, she developed infections of her skin and feet, and ultimately, she developed kidney disease because of the uncontrolled diabetes. Ten years after I met Emily, she is 78lb (35kg) above her ideal body weight; she is blind and cannot feel her feet due to nerve damage from the high blood sugars; and she will soon need dialysis for her failing kidneys. Emily’s deteriorating health has carried a high financial cost both for herself and the healthcare system. We have prevented her from dying and extended her life with our interventions, but each interaction with the medical system has come at significant cost – and those costs will only rise. But we have also failed Emily by allowing her diabetes to progress. We know how to prevent this, but neither the right investments nor incentives are in place.

Emily could have been a real patient of mine. Her sad story will be familiar to all doctors caring for chronically ill patients. Unfortunately, patients like Emily are neglected by health systems across the world today. The burden of chronic disease is increasing at alarming rates. Across the OECD nearly 33% of those over 15 years live with one or more chronic condition, rising to 60% for over-65s. Approximately 50% of chronic disease deaths are attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the coming decades, obesity, will claim 92 million lives in the OECD while obesity-related diseases will cut life expectancy by three years by 2050.

These diseases can be largely prevented by primary prevention, an approach that emphasizes vaccinations, lifestyle behaviour modification and the regulation of unhealthy substances. Preventative interventions have been efficacious. For obesity, countries have effectively employed public awareness campaigns, health professionals training, and encouragement of dietary change (for example, limits on unhealthy foods, taxes and nutrition labelling).⁴,⁵ Other interventions, such as workplace health-promotion programmes, while showing some promise, still need to demonstrate their efficacy.

The COVID-19 crisis provides the ultimate incentive to double down on the prevention of chronic disease. Most people dying from COVID-19 have one or more chronic disease, including obesity, CVD, diabetes or respiratory problems – diseases that are preventable with a healthy lifestyle. COVID-19 has highlighted structural weaknesses in our health systems such as the neglect of prevention and primary care.

While the utility of primary prevention is understood and supported by a growing evidence base, its implementation has been thwarted by chronic underinvestment, indicating a lack of societal and governmental prioritization. On average, OECD countries only invest 2.8% of health spending on public health and prevention. The underlying drivers include decreased allocation to prevention research, lack of awareness in populations, the belief that long-run prevention may be more costly than treatment, and a lack of commitment by and incentives for healthcare professionals. Furthermore, public health is often viewed in a silo separate from the overall health system rather than a foundational component.

Health benefits aside, increasing investment in primary prevention presents a strong economic imperative. For example, obesity contributes to the treatment costs of many other diseases: 70% of diabetes costs, 23% for CVD and 9% for cancers. Economic losses further extend to absenteeism and decreased productivity.

Fee-for-service models that remunerate physicians based on the number of sick patients they see, regardless the quality and outcome, dominate healthcare systems worldwide. Primary prevention mandates a payment system that reimburses healthcare professionals and patients for preventive actions. Ministries of health and governmental leaders need to challenge skepticism around preventive interventions, realign incentives towards preventive actions and those that promote healthy choices by people. Primary prevention will eventually reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the healthcare system.

As I reflect back on Emily and her life, I wonder what our healthcare system could have done differently. What if our healthcare system was a well-care system instead of a sick-care system? Imagine a different scenario: Emily, a 32 year old pre-diabetic, had access to a nutritionist, an exercise coach or health coach and nurse who followed her closely at the time of her first visit with me. Imagine if Emily joined group exercise classes, learned where to find healthy foods and how to cook them, and had access to spaces in which to exercise and be active. Imagine Emily being better educated about her diabetes and empowered in her healthcare and staying healthy. In reality, it is much more complicated than this, but if our healthcare systems began to incentivize and invest in prevention and even rewarded Emily for weight loss and healthy behavioural changes, the outcome might have been different. Imagine Emily losing weight and continuing to be an active and contributing member of society. Imagine if we invested in keeping people healthy rather than waiting for people to get sick, and then treating them. Imagine a well-care system.

Anderson, G. (2011). Responding to the growing cost and prevalence of people with multiple chronic conditions . Retrieved from OECD.

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. GBD Data Visualizations. Retrieved here.

OECD (2019), The Heavy Burden of Obesity: The Economics of Prevention, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris.

OECD. (2017). Obesity Update . Retrieved here.

Malik, V. S., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2013). Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications. Nature Reviews Endocrinology , 9 (1), 13-27.

Lang, J., Cluff, L., Payne, J., Matson-Koffman, D., & Hampton, J. (2017). The centers for disease control and prevention: findings from the national healthy worksite program. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine , 59 (7), 631.

Gmeinder, M., Morgan, D., & Mueller, M. (2017). How much do OECD countries spend on prevention? Retrieved from OECD.

Jordan RE, Adab P, Cheng KK. Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ. 2020;368:m1198.

Richardson, A. K. (2012). Investing in public health: barriers and possible solutions. Journal of Public Health , 34 (3), 322-327.

Yong, P. L., Saunders, R. S., & Olsen, L. (2010). Missed Prevention Opportunities The healthcare imperative: lowering costs and improving outcomes: workshop series summary (Vol. 852): National Academies Press Washington, DC.

OECD. (2019). The Heavy Burden of Obesity: The Economics of Prevention. Retrieved here .

McDaid, D., F. Sassi and S. Merkur (Eds.) (2015a), “Promoting Health, Preventing Disease: The Economic Case ”, Open University Press, New York.

OECD. (2019). The Heavy Burden of Obesity: The Economics of Prevention. Retrieved from OECD.

4. Why e arly detection and diagnosis is critical

By Paul Murray , Head of Life and Health Products, Swiss Re, and André Goy , Chairman and Executive Director & Chief of Lymphoma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center

Although healthcare systems around the world follow a common and simple principle and goal – that is, access to affordable high-quality healthcare – they vary significantly, and it is becoming increasingly costly to provide this access, due to ageing populations, the increasing burden of chronic diseases and the price of new innovations.

Governments are challenged by how best to provide care to their populations and make their systems sustainable. Neither universal health, single payer systems, hybrid systems, nor the variety of systems used throughout the US have yet provided a solution. However, systems that are ranked higher in numerous studies, such as a 2017 report by the Commonwealth Fund , typically include strong prevention care and early-detection programmes. This alone does not guarantee a good outcome as measured by either high or healthy life expectancy. But there should be no doubt that prevention and early detection can contribute to a more sustainable system by reducing the risk of serious diseases or disorders, and that investing in and operationalizing earlier detection and diagnosis of key conditions can lead to better patient outcomes and lower long-term costs.

To discuss early detection in a constructive manner it makes sense to describe its activities and scope. Early detection includes pre-symptomatic screening and treatment immediately or shortly after first symptoms are diagnosed. Programmes may include searching for a specific disease (for example, HIV/AIDS or breast cancer), or be more ubiquitous. Prevention, which is not the focus of this blog, can be interpreted as any activities undertaken to avoid diseases, such as information programmes, education, immunization or health monitoring.

Expenditures for prevention and early detection vary by country and typically range between 1-5% of total health expenditures.¹ During the 2008 global financial crisis, many countries reduced preventive spending. In the past few years, however, a number of countries have introduced reforms to strengthen and promote prevention and early detection. Possibly the most prominent example in recent years was the introduction of the Affordable Care Act in the US, which placed a special focus on providing a wide range of preventive and screening services. It lists 63 distinct services that must be covered without any copayment, co-insurance or having to pay a deductible.

Whilst logic dictates that investment in early detection should be encouraged, there are a few hurdles and challenges that need to be overcome and considered. We set out a few key criteria and requirements for an efficient early detection program:

1. Accessibility The healthcare system needs to provide access to a balanced distribution of physicians, both geographically (such as accessibility in rural areas), and by specialty. Patients should be able to access the system promptly without excessive waiting times for diagnoses or elective treatments. This helps mitigate conditions or diseases that are already quite advanced or have been incubating for months or even years before a clinical diagnosis. Access to physicians varies significantly across the globe from below one to more than 60 physicians per 10,000 people.² One important innovation for mitigating access deficiencies is telehealth. This should give individuals easier access to health-related services, not only in cases of sickness but also to supplement primary care.

2. Early symptoms and initial diagnosis Inaccurate or delayed initial diagnoses present a risk to the health of patients, can lead to inappropriate or unnecessary testing and treatment, and represents a significant share of total health expenditures. A medical second opinion service, especially for serious medical diagnoses, which can occur remotely, can help improve healthcare outcomes. Moreover, studies show that early and correct diagnosis opens up a greater range of curative treatment options and can reduce costs (e.g. for colon cancer, stage-four treatment costs are a multiple of stage-one treatment costs).³

3. New technology New early detection technologies can improve the ability to identify symptoms and diseases early: i. Advances in medical monitoring devices and wearable health technology, such as ECG and blood pressure monitors and biosensors, enable patients to take control of their own health and physical condition. This is an important trend that is expected to positively contribute to early detection, for example in atrial fibrillation and Alzheimers’ disease. ii. Diagnostic tools, using new biomarkers such as liquid biopsies or volatile organic compounds, together with the implementation of machine learning, can play an increasing role in areas such as oncology or infectious diseases.⁴

4. Regulation and Intervention Government regulation and intervention will be necessary to set ranges of normality, to prohibit or discourage overdiagnosis and to reduce incentives for providers to overtreat patients or to follow patients' inappropriate requests. In some countries, such as the US, there has been some success through capitation models and value-based care. Governments might also need to intervene to de-risk the innovation paradigm, such that private providers of capital feel able to invest more in the development of new detection technologies, in addition to proven business models in novel therapeutics.

OECD Health Working Papers No. 101 "How much do OECD countries spend on prevention" , 2017

World Health Organization; Global Health Observatory (GHO) data; https://www.who.int/gho/health_workforce/physicians_density/en/

Saving lives, averting costs; A report for Cancer Research UK, by Incisive Health, September 2014

Liquid Biopsy: Market Drivers And Obstacles; by Divyaa Ravishankar, Frost & Sullivan, January 21, 2019

Liquid Biopsies Become Cheap and Easy with New Microfluidic Device; February 26, 2019

How America’s 5 Top Hospitals are Using Machine Learning Today; by Kumba Sennaar, February 19, 2019

5. The business case for private investment in healthcare for all

Pascal Fröhlicher, Primary Care Innovation Scholar, Harvard Medical School, and Ian Wijaya, Managing Director in Lazard’s Global Healthcare Group

Faith, a mother of two, has just lost another customer. Some households where she is employed to clean, in a small town in South Africa, have little understanding of her medical needs. As a type 2 diabetes patient, this Zimbabwean woman visits the public clinic regularly, sometimes on short notice. At her last visit, after spending hours in a queue, she was finally told that the doctor could not see her. To avoid losing another day of work, she went to the local general practitioner to get her script, paying more than three daily wages for consultation and medication. Sadly, this fictional person reflects a reality for many people in middle-income countries.

Achieving universal health coverage by 2030, a key UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), is at risk. The World Bank has identified a $176 billion funding gap , increasing every year due to the growing needs of an ageing population, with the health burden shifting towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs), now the major cause of death in emerging markets . Traditional sources of healthcare funding struggle to increase budgets sufficiently to cover this gap and only about 4% of private health care investments focus on diseases that primarily affect low- and middle-income countries.

In middle-income countries, private investors often focus on extending established businesses, including developing private hospital capacity, targeting consumers already benefiting from quality healthcare. As a result, an insufficient amount of private capital is invested in strengthening healthcare systems for everyone.

Why is this the case? We discussed with senior health executives investing in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) and the following reasons emerged:

• Small market size . Scaling innovations in healthcare requires dealing with country-specific regulatory frameworks and competing interest groups, resulting in high market entry cost.
• Talent . Several LMICs are losing nurses and doctors but also business and finance professionals to European and North American markets due to the lack of local opportunities and a significant difference in salaries.
• Untested business models with relatively low gross margins. Providing healthcare requires innovative business models where consumers’ willingness to pay often needs to be demonstrated over a significant period of time. Additionally, relatively low gross margins drive the need for scale to leverage administrative costs, which increases risk.
• Government Relations. The main buyer of health-related products and services is government; yet the relationship between public and private sectors often lacks trust, creating barriers to successful collaboration. Add to that significant political risk, as contracts can be cancelled by incoming administrations after elections. Many countries also lack comprehensive technology strategies to successfully manage technological innovation.
• Complexity of donor funding. A significant portion of healthcare is funded by private donors, whose priorities might not always be congruent with the health priorities of the government.

Notwithstanding these barriers, healthcare, specifically in middle-income settings, could present an attractive value proposition for private investors:

• Economic growth rates . A growing middle class is expanding the potential market for healthcare products and services.
• Alignment of incentives . A high ratio of out-of-pocket payments for healthcare services is often associated with low quality. However, innovative business models can turn out of pocket payments into the basis for a customer-centric value proposition, as the provider is required to compete for a share of disposable income.
• Emergence of National Health Insurance Schemes . South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria and others are building national health insurance schemes, increasing a population’s ability to fund healthcare services and products .
• Increased prevalence of NCDs. Given the increasing incidence of chronic diseases and the potential of using technology to address these diseases, new business opportunities for private investment exist.

Based on the context above, several areas in healthcare delivery can present compelling opportunities for private companies.

• Aggregation of existing players.
• Leveraging primary care infrastructure. Retail companies can leverage their real estate, infrastructure and supply chains to deploy primary care services at greater scale than is currently the case.
• Telemedicine . Telecommunications providers can leverage their existing infrastructure and customer base to provide payment mechanisms and telehealth services at scale. As seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, investment in telemedicine can ensure that patients receive timely and continuous care in spite of restrictions and lockdowns.
• Cost effective diagnostics . Diagnostic tools operated by frontline workers and combined with the expertise of specialists can provide timely and efficient care.

To fully realize these opportunities, government must incentivise innovation, provide clear regulatory frameworks and, most importantly, ensure that health priorities are adequately addressed.

Venture capital and private equity firms as well as large international corporations can identify the most commercially viable solutions and scale them into new markets. The ubiquity of NCDs and the requirement to reduce costs globally provides innovators with the opportunity to scale their tested solutions from LMICs to higher income environments.

Successful investment exits in LMICs and other private sector success stories will attract more private capital. Governments that enable and support private investment in their healthcare systems would, with appropriate governance and guidance, generate benefits to their populations and economies. The economic value of healthy populations has been proven repeatedly , and in the face of COVID-19, private sector investment can promote innovation and the development of responsible, sustainable solutions.

Faith – the diabetic mother we introduced at the beginning of this article - could keep her client. As a stable patient, she could measure her glucose level at home and enter the results in an app on her phone, part of her monthly diabetes programme with the company that runs the health centre. She visits the nurse-led facility at the local taxi stand on her way to work when her app suggests it. The nurse in charge of the centre treats Faith efficiently, and, if necessary, communicates with a primary care physician or even a specialist through the telemedicine functionality of her electronic health system.

Improving LMIC health systems is not only a business opportunity, but a moral imperative for public and private leaders. With the appropriate technology and political will, this can become a reality.

6. How could COVID-19 change the way we pay for health services?

John E. Ataguba, Associate Professor and Director, University of Cape Town and Matthew Guilford, Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Common Health

The emergence of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has challenged both developing and developed countries.

Countries have approached the management of infections differently. Many people are curious to understand their health system’s performance on COVID-19, both at the national level and compared to international peers. Alongside limited resources for health, many developing countries may have weak health systems that can make it challenging to respond adequately to the pandemic.

Even before COVID-19, high rates of out-of-pocket spending on health meant that every year, 800 million people faced catastrophic healthcare costs ,100 million families were pushed into poverty, and millions more simply avoided care for critical conditions because they could not afford to pay for it.

The pandemic and its economic fallout have caused household incomes to decline at the same time as healthcare risks are rising. In some countries with insurance schemes, and especially for private health insurance, the following questions have arisen: How large is the co-payment for a COVID-19 test? If my doctor’s office is closed, will the telemedicine consultation be covered by my insurance? Will my coronavirus care be paid for regardless of how I contracted the virus? These and other doubts can prevent people from seeking medical care in some countries.

In Nigeria, like many other countries in Africa, the government bears the costs associated with testing and treating COVID-19 irrespective of the individual’s insurance status. In the public health sector, where COVID-19 cases are treated, health workers are paid monthly salaries while budgets are allocated to health facilities for other services. Hospitals continue to receive budget allocations to finance all health services including the management and treatment of COVID-19. That implies that funds allocated to address other health needs are reduced and that in turn could affect the availability and quality of health services.

Although health workers providing care for COVID-19 patients in isolation and treatment centres in Nigeria are paid salaries that are augmented with a special incentive package, the degree of impact on the quality improvement of services remains unclear. The traditional and historical allocation of budgets does not always address the needs of the whole population and could result in poor health services and under-provision of health services for COVID-19 patients.

In some countries, the reliance on out-of-pocket funding is hardly better for private providers, who encounter brand risks, operational difficulties, and – in extreme cases – the risk of creating “debtor prisons” as they seek to collect payment from patients. Ironically, despite the huge demand for medical services to diagnose and treat COVID-19, large healthcare institutions and individual healthcare practitioners alike are facing financial distress.

Dependence on a steady stream of fee-for-service payments for outpatient consultations and elective procedures is leading to pay cuts for doctors in India , forfeited Eid bonuses for nurses in Indonesia , and hospital bankruptcies in the United States . In a recent McKinsey & Company survey, 77% of physicians reported that their business would suffer in 2020 , and 46% were concerned about their practice surviving the coronavirus pandemic.

COVID-19 is exposing how fee-for-service, historical budget allocation and out-of-pocket financing methods can hinder the performance of the health system. Some providers and health systems that deployed “value-based” models prior to the pandemic have reported that these approaches have improved financial resilience during COVID-19 and may support better results for patients. Nevertheless, these types of innovations do not represent the dominant payment model in any country.

How health service providers are paid has implications for whether service users can get needed health services in a timely fashion, and at an appropriate quality and an affordable cost. By shifting from fee-for-service reimbursements to fixed "capitation" and performance-based payments, these models incentivize providers to improve quality and coordination while also guaranteeing a baseline income level, even during times of disruption.

Health service providers could be paid either in the form of salaries, a fee for services they provide, by capitation (whether adjusted or straightforward), through global budgets, or by using a case-based payment system (for example, the diagnostics-related groups), among others. Because there are different incentives to consider when adopting any of the methods, they could be combined to achieve a specific goal. For example, in some countries, health workers are paid salaries , and some specific services are paid on a fee-for-service basis.

Ideally, health services could be purchased strategically , incorporating aspects of provider performance in transferring funds to providers and accounting for the health needs of the population they serve.

In this regard, strategic purchasing for health has been advocated and should be highlighted as crucial with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to ensure value in the way health providers are paid, inter alia to increase efficiency, ensure equity, and improve access to needed health services. Value-based payment methods, although not new in many countries, provide an avenue to encourage long-term value for money, better quality, and strategic purchasing for health, helping to build a healthier, more resilient world.

7. L essons in integrated care from the COVID-19 pandemic

Sarah Ziegler, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Zurich, and Ninie Wang, Founder & CEO, Pinetree Care Group.

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, people suffering non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been at higher risk of becoming severely ill or dying. In Italy, 96.2% of people who died of COVID-19 lived with two or more chronic conditions.

Beyond the pandemic, cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease and diabetes are the leading burden of disease, with 41 million annual deaths. People with multimorbidity - a number of different conditions - often experience difficulties in accessing timely and coordinated healthcare, made worse when health systems are busy fighting against the pandemic.

Here is what happened in China with Lee, aged 62, who has been living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) for the past five years.

Before the pandemic, Lee’s care manager coordinated a multi-disciplinary team of physicians, nurses, pulmonary rehabilitation therapists, psychologists and social workers to put together a personalized care plan for her. Following the care plan, Lee stopped smoking and paid special attention to her diet, sleep and physical exercises, as well as sticking to her medication and follow-up visits. She participated in a weekly community-based physical activity program to meet other COPD patients, including short walks and exchange experiences. A mobile care team supported her with weekly cleaning and grocery shopping.

Together with her family, Lee had follow-up visits to ensure her care plan reflected her recovery and to modify the plan if needed. These integrated care services brought pieces of care together, centered around Lee’s needs, and provided a continuum of care that helped keep Lee in the community with a good quality of life for as long as possible.

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, such NCD services have been disrupted by lockdowns, the cancellation of elective care and the fear of visiting care service . These factors particularly affected people living with NCDs like Lee. As such, Lee was not able to follow her care plan anymore. The mobile care team was unable to visit her weekly as they were deployed to provide COVID-19 relief. Lee couldn’t participate in her community-based program, follow up on her daily activities, or see her family or psychologists. This negatively affected Lee’s COPD management and led to poor management of her physical activity and healthy diet.

The pandemic highlights the need for a flexible and reliable integrated care system to enable healthcare delivery to all people no matter where they live, uzilizing approaches such as telemedicine and effective triaging to overcome care disruptions.

Lee’s care manager created short videos to assist her family through each step of her care and called daily to check in on the implementation of the plan and answer questions. Lee received tele-consultations, and was invited to the weekly webcast series that supported COPD patient communities. When her uncle passed away because of pneumonia complications from COVID-19 in early April, Lee’s care manager arranged a palliative care provider to support the family through the difficult time of bereavement and provided food and supplies during quarantine. Lee could even continue with her physical activity program with an online training coach. There were a total of 38 exercise videos for strengthening and stretching arms, legs and trunk, which she could complete at different levels of difficulty and with different numbers of repetitions.

Lee’s case demonstrates that early detection, prevention, and management of NCDs play a crucial role in a global pandemic response. It shows how we need to shift away from health systems designed around single diseases towards health systems designed for the multidimensional needs of individuals. As part of the pandemic responses, addressing and managing risks related to NCDs and prevention of their complications are critical to improve outcomes for vulnerable people like Lee.

How to design and deliver successful integrated care

The challenge for the successful transformation of healthcare is to tailor care system-wide to population needs. A 2016 WHO Framework on integrated people-centered health services developed a set of five general strategies for countries to progress towards people-centered and sustainable health systems, calling for a fundamental transformation not only in the way health services are delivered, but also in the way they are financed and managed . These strategies call for countries to:

• Engage and empower people / communities: an integrated care system must mobilize everyone to work together using all available resources, especially when continuity of essential health and community services for NCDs are at risk of being undermined.
• Strengthen governance and accountability, so that integration emphasizes rather than weakens leadership in every part of the system, and ensure that NCDs are included in national COVID-19 plans and future essential health services.
• Reorient the model of care to put the needs and perspectives of each person / family at the center of care planning and outcome measurement, rather than institutions.
• Coordinate services within and across sectors, for example, integrate inter-disciplinary medical care with social care, addressing wider socio-economic, environmental and behavioral determinants of health.
• Create an enabling environment, with clear objectives, supportive financing, regulations and insurance coverage for integrated care, including the development and use of systemic digital health care solutions.

Whether due to an unexpected pandemic or a gradual increase in the burden of NCDs, each person could face many health threats across the life-course.

Only systems that dynamically assess each person’s complex health needs and address them through a timely, well-coordinated and tailored mix of health and social care services will be able to deliver desired health outcomes over the longer term, ensuring an uninterrupted good quality of life for Lee and many others like her.

• Wang B, Li R, Lu Z, Huang Y. Does comorbidity increase the risk of patients with COVID-19: evidence from meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020;12: 6049–57.
• WHO. Noncommunicable diseases in emergencies. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016.
• WHO. COVID-19 significantly impacts health services for noncommunicable diseases. June 2020.
• Kluge HHP, Wickramasinghe K, Rippin HL, et al. Prevention and control of non-communicalbe diseases in the COVID-19 response. The Lancet. 2020. 395:1678-1680
• WHO. Framework on integrated people-centred health services. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016.

8 . Why access to healthcare alone will not save lives

Donald Berwick, President Emeritus and Senior Fellow, Institute for Healthcare Improvement; Nicola Bedlington, Special Adviser, European Patient Forum; and David Duong, Director, Program in Global Primary Care and Social Change, Harvard Medical School.

Joyce lies next to 10 other women in bare single beds in the post-partum recovery room at a rural hospital in Uganda. Just an hour ago, Joyce gave birth to a healthy baby boy. She is now struggling with abdominal pain. A nurse walks by, and Joyce tries to call out, but the nurse was too busy to attend to her; she was the only nurse looking after 20 patients.

Another hour passes, and Joyce is shaking and sweating profusely. Joyce’s husband runs into the corridor to find a nurse to come and evaluate her. The nurse notices Joyce’s critical condition - a high fever and a low blood pressure - and she quickly calls the doctor. The medical team rushes Joyce to the intensive care unit. Joyce has a very severe blood stream infection. It takes another hour before antibiotics are started - too late. Joyce dies, leaving behind a newborn son and a husband. Joyce, like many before her, falls victim to a pervasive global threat: poor quality of care.

Adopted by United Nations (UN) in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. SDG 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all. The 2019 UN General Assembly High Level Meeting on Universal Health Coverage (UHC) reaffirmed the need for the highest level of political commitment to health care for all.

However, progress towards UHC, often measured in terms of access, not outcomes, does not guarantee better health, as we can see from Joyce’s tragedy. This is also evident with the COVID-19 response. The rapidly evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted long-term structural inefficiencies and inequities in health systems and societies trying to mitigate the contagion and loss of life.

Systems are straining under significant pressure to ensure standards of care for both COVID-19 patients and other patients that run the risk of not receiving timely and appropriate care. Although poor quality of care has been a long-standing issue, it is imperative now more than ever that systems implement high-quality services as part of their efforts toward UHC.

Poor quality healthcare remains a challenge for countries at all levels of economic development: 10% of hospitalized patients acquire an infection during their hospitalization in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC), whereas 7% do in high-income countries. Poor quality healthcare disproportionally affects the poor and those in LMICs. Of the approximately 8.6 million deaths per year in 137 LMICs, 3.6 million are people who did not access the health system, whereas 5 million are people who sought and had access to services but received poor-quality care.

Joyce’s story is all too familiar; poor quality of care results in deaths from treatable diseases and conditions. Although the causes of death are often multifactorial, deaths and increased morbidity from treatable conditions are often a reflection of defects in the quality of care.

The large number of deaths and avoidable complications are also accompanied by substantial economic costs. In 2015 alone, 130 LMICs faced US $6 trillion in economic losses. Although there is concern that implementing quality measures may be a costly endeavor, it is clear that the economic toll associated with a lack of quality of care is far more troublesome and further stunts the socio-economic development of LMICs, made apparent with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Poor-quality care not only leads to adverse outcomes in terms of high morbidity and mortality, but it also impacts patient experience and patient confidence in health systems. Less than one-quarter of people in LMICs and approximately half of people in high-income countries believe that their health systems work well.

A lack of application and availability of evidenced-based guidelines is one key driver of poor-quality care. The rapidly changing landscape of medical knowledge and guidelines requires healthcare workers to have immediate access to current clinical resources. Despite our "information age", health providers are not accessing clinical guidelines or do not have access to the latest practical, lifesaving information.

Getting information to health workers in the places where it is most needed is a delivery challenge. Indeed, adherence to clinical practice guidelines in eight LMICs was below 50%, and in OECD countries, despite being a part of national guidelines, 19-53% of women aged 50-69 years did not receive mammography screening.4 The evidence in LMICs and HICs suggest that application of evidence-based guidelines lead to reduction in mortality and improved health outcomes.

Equally, the failure to change and continually improve the processes in health systems that support the workforce takes a high toll on quality of care. During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Vietnam, which adapted and improved their health systems after the SARS and H1N1 outbreaks, were able to rapidly mobilize a large-scale quarantine and contact tracing strategy, supported with effective and coordinated mass communication.

These countries not only mitigated the economic and mortality damage, but also prevented their health systems and workforce from enduring extreme burden and inability to maintain critical medical supplies. In all nations, investing in healthcare organizations to enable them to become true “learning health care systems,” aiming at continual quality improvement, would yield major population health and health system gains.

The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the importance for health systems to be learning systems. Once the dust settles, we need to focus, collectively, on learning from this experience and adapting our health systems to be more resilient for the next one. This implies a need for commitment to and investment in global health cooperation, improvement in health care leadership, and change management.

With strong political and financial commitment to UHC, and its demonstrable effect in addressing crises such as COVID-19, for the first time, the world has a viable chance of UHC becoming a reality. However, without an equally strong political, managerial, and financial commitment to continually improving, high-quality health services, UHC will remain an empty promise.

1. United Nations General Assembly. Political declaration of the high-level meeting on universal health coverage. New York, NY2019.

2. Marmot M, Allen J, Boyce T, Goldblatt P, Morrison J. Health equity in England: the Marmot review 10 years on. Institute of Health Equity;2020.

3. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: Committee on Improving the Quality of Health Care Globally. Crossing the global quality chasm: Improving health care worldwide. Washington, DC: National Academies Press;2018.

4. World Health Organization, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank Group. Delivering quality health services: a global imperative for universal health coverage. World Health Organization; 2018.

5. Kruk ME, Gage AD, Arsenault C, et al. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. The Lancet Global Health. 2018;6(11):e1196-e1252.

6. Ricci-Cabello I, Violán C, Foguet-Boreu Q, Mounce LT, Valderas JM. Impact of multi-morbidity on quality of healthcare and its implications for health policy, research and clinical practice. A scoping review. European Journal of General Practice. 2015;21(3):192-202.

7. Valtis YK, Rosenberg J, Bhandari S, et al. Evidence-based medicine for all: what we can learn from a programme providing free access to an online clinical resource to health workers in resource-limited settings. BMJ global health. 2016;1(1).

8. Institute of Medicine. Best Care at Lower Cost: The Path to Continuously Learning Health Care in America . Washington, DC: National Academies Press 2012.

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The Definitive Guide to Writing a Problem Solution Essay

06 February, 2021

13 minutes read

Author:  Josh Carlyle

In this article, we cover the basics of problem solution essay writing. We will explain what a problem and solution essay is in academic and straightforward terms. We shall also cover the four essential components that make this essay coherent. With these four components in mind, we will offer guidance on the outline structure and provide some general writing tips on research and problem solving, as well as some topics and essay samples.

What is a Problem Solution Essay?

A problem solution essay is a staple of humanities and social science subjects. These essays cover a pressing issue, examine how it causes problems, and offer solutions to these problems. The topic for problem solution essay papers can be incredibly diverse. The problem could be local, regional, or global. It could affect a wide range of people or be part of the discourse on an arcane and obscure aspect of computing.

If you are wondering how to write a problem solution essay, look no further than its name. The core of a problem solution essay is in the title. In this type of essay, a problem is presented, and a solution is offered. Doing this well requires presenting the issue in an audience-appropriate way and then offering solutions that thoroughly negate any critiques of those solutions. 

4 Components of a Problem Solution Essay

In a problem and solution essay, the following aspects must be included:  

• The Situation: this opening part is where the foundation of the problem lies. It is not an introduction in the sense that you may be familiar with or an abstract that covers the entirety of your thesis. Rather, it is a short and straightforward briefing that will make a layperson familiar with the situation at hand.
• The Problem: this part provides specifics of the problem. Detailed dissections of evidence take place here; we’ll summarise those later in the evaluation section. 
• The Solution: this component covers push-back specific solutions you may encounter. Part of a correct answer is thinking of your opponents’ perspectives and ensuring that they address their assumptions and points.
• The Evaluation: in this section, it is crucial to write with brevity and wit; this will make your position memorable. Readers will often remember the last part of essays they read, so make sure it represents a microcosm of your essay as a whole. 

These components are the essence of the structure required in a problem solution essay. The actual structure you will work with will require a finer granulation of sections. For instance, in the solution section, the critiques will also need to have a review applied, demonstrating their lack of applicability or irrelevance. 

Problem Solution Essay Outline

The best guide for a problem solution essay outline is the four components mentioned above. Cover the situation, the problem, the solution, and then evaluate both or all sides of the story. 

To drill down further into the outline, you should have an introduction that will set out your paper’s structure. Then you should present the situation. Keep this section free from emotive language. Use it to ensure the reader has all the facts, and imagine that you want everyone reading the paper to be on a level playing field in terms of knowledge and framing of the problem.

In the problem section, you must explain why there is a particular issue. At this point in your essay, ensure that you do not leave the door open to other causes of the problem. Find ways to make the problem something that the reader cares about and wants to solve, but beware of assuming the reader is on your side simply because you’ve said some things and made some points. 

Once the situation has been explained, and the problem elucidated, present your solution. It  should use evidence, and you should be able to explain how it directly relates to the question.  Don’t use ad hominem attacks or go polemic. Unravel the problem with your solution. Take it to step by step and keep your writing composed.

In the evaluation section, you should find your argument’s weaknesses and the views that find fault with your solution.

How To Find Solutions to Your Problems

You can find solutions to your problems by researching them; someone will have asked the question before, or one very similar to it. You can talk to your peers and even conduct polls on social media to gauge the public’s position on various solutions. 

Another way of finding solutions include flipping your perspective. Take the position of the other side and see the world through their gaze. By putting yourself in the opponent’s shoes, you can see weaknesses in your ideas and perhaps adjust them to take on more relevance to more people or factor in an aspect that you had overlooked.

Ultimately, the best way to find solutions is to read and read some more. Try looking in your library if you prefer books to the internet, but don’t leave Google out of it. Using the search engine correctly, you can dig up all kinds of books, papers, and presentations that will be very useful in your studies.

Problem Solution Essay Topics

The list of problem solution essay topics is very long. As mentioned earlier, the problem can be a local issue, affecting a specific demographic or being universal. Regardless of the topic you choose, there are another million waiting for an answer.

To start you off, the climate crisis is an excellent area for debate. 

• How do we deal with stranded assets in the fossil fuel industry and financial sector? 
• What should the laws be surrounding new cars run on petrol and diesel? 
• How should electrification be carried out in developing nations? Is a carbon tax a viable way to reduce emissions? 

Other problem solution essay ideas might include social media’s effect on dopamine levels, gerrymandering in electoral districts, or the working week’s length. 

Problem Solution Essay Examples

Reading previous papers is a fantastic method to improve your grades. Study essays that get top marks and some of the ones which get lower marks. The difference will be apparent in their vocabulary, logic, and evidence. Read a few problem solution essay sample papers but don’t plagiarize them; always cite your sources. Here are a few examples to help you get started: 

https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/problemsolution/  

https://www.ieltsbuddy.com/problem-solution-essays.html  

Writing Tips for a Problem Solution Essay

An essay is a complex task to complete. That’s why it’s useful to break down the whole into several steps. 

Step one is to conduct some thorough research and planning. If you have free choice over the problem at hand, then start by brainstorming some groups you belong to and decide whether they’re officially mandated ones like a sports team or a club, or broader, like your sex, gender, nationality, or language grouping.

After this, jot down some issues in the groups. Are you struggling to manage the payment plan for your sports hall? Has there been an instance of bullying or shaming in your school? With the topic in mind, move onto research. 

When researching your topic, it’s always useful to remember that there is nothing new under the sun. It is almost definite that similar problems have arisen before, and most solutions already exist.

Then, conduct and compose a literature review on the topic. A literature review is an excellent addition to your essay as a standalone section. It helps to situate your issue within the world and builds relations to other similar problems. 

You may think you have nothing to say about the problem or find it hard to justify your opinion. Well, in the problem solution essay, your voice matters. Always try to back up what you’re saying through evidence and try not to stray into writing a polemic. Yet, passion and emotion are useful tools for framing the problem. Just try not to make these responses the whole essay.

As far as solving problems goes, you can use some general mechanics to come up with solutions. The following paragraphs will present some of these logical mechanics; feel free to use them in your writing:

• Add something new: this solution works when something is lacking. The problem may be a lack of funding, equipment, or motivation. The assumed problem when using this angle of attack is that there is a lack of resources available. Concrete examples of this could include more teaching assistants in education, longer opening hours at a library, or more significant legislation to protect the environment.
• Remove something: this is the inverse of the previous point. Inversing is a useful strategy for thinking about problems in general. If something is too crowded or too busy, it might be a solution to limit exposure to something and devise a solution. 
• Education: learning is a more specific aspect of ‘adding something’; it presupposes that a lack of information and awareness is the cause of the problem. If people had this knowledge, the theory goes that the issue would disappear or reduce because people could make informed decisions and correct their behavior.
• Enforcement: if something like school rules, or even the law, is being ignored, proper enforcement might be a solution. Enforcement has its own sets of problems. This angle is an excellent way to write an unfolding and varied essay as it requires lots of discussion around proper enforcement. Making people do things they don’t want to do is a tricky situation and is riddled with structural and psychological issues.
• Compromising: proposing compromise through mediation or bi-partisan effort is another complex solution. To work effectively, it has to involve people who possess robust negotiation techniques. But settlements happen all the time, so they’re a powerful solution to many problems. It may be useful to learn about zero-sum and relative issues to argue this case correctly.
• A change in leadership: leaders can become stale and cumbersome; they may get weighed down by responsibility and have a low tolerance for change. Although, many problems require systemic changes, such as the climate crisis. With an established leader in charge, progress could be slow as they may be blinkered by their position. In this case, they are proposing an election or vote of confidence as a solution that can break the deadlock and offer people a chance to voice their concerns through voting.

One could surmise that the problem and solution essay is an incredibly relevant style of writing. By dissecting an issue and coming up with solutions, you learn a skill that is useful in many careers and practices. But writing one effectively requires both passion and perseverance; writing about topics that move us, though letting the fire burn too brightly, can put readers off or lead them to ignore their blind spots. 

Follow the structures set out above and make sure to proofread your essays before submission. Finding a good editor is always a positive step; they can help to rephrase your words so that your argument comes across more fluently. 

Writing drafts is good practice, although not always possible due to time constraints. Ideally, you should work through two drafts before submitting a final piece; if the essay makes up a small part of your overall grade, adjust the drafting process accordingly. 

Write a Problem Solution Essay with HandmadeWriting

Problem solution writing has been speaking truth to power for millennia. HandmadeWriting loves seeking solutions as much as it loves a simple academic essay or lab report. It’s hard to become a good essay writer without getting critical at times. That’s why we pride ourselves on producing some of the most compelling content around. So be the next one to enjoy our writing and get an A+ for it.

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Composition Type: Problem-Solution Essays

• An Introduction to Punctuation
• Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia
• M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester
• B.A., English, State University of New York

In composition , using a problem-solution format is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solutions. A problem-solution essay is a type of argument. "This sort of essay involves argumentation in that the writer seeks to convince the reader to take a particular course of action. In explaining the problem, it may also need to persuade the reader concerning specific causes" (Dave Kemper et al., "Fusion: Integrated Reading and Writing," 2016).

The Thesis Statement

In many types of report writing, the thesis statement is posed front and center, in one sentence. Author Derek Soles writes about how the thesis statement in a problem-solution paper differs from a straight "report of findings" type of text:

"[One]  expository  mode is the problem-solution essay, topics for which are typically framed in the form of questions. Why did fourth-graders from poor families score low on a nationwide math test, and how can educators improve math education for this group? Why is Iran a threat to our national security, and how can we reduce this threat? Why did it take the Democratic Party so long to select a candidate for the 2008 presidential election, and what can the party do to make the process more efficient in the future? These essays have two parts: a full explanation of the nature of the problem, followed by an analysis of solutions and their likelihood of success."

("The Essentials of Academic Writing," 2nd ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 2010)

Readers need additional context before you get to your thesis, but that is not to say that the thesis has to be posed as a question in the introduction:  

"In a problem-solution essay, the thesis statement usually proposes the solution. Because readers must first understand the problem, the thesis statement usually comes after a description of the problem. The thesis statement does not have to give details about the solution. Instead, it summarizes the solution. It should also lead naturally to the body of the essay, preparing your reader for a discussion of how your solution would work."

(Dorothy Zemach and Lynn Stafford-Yilmaz, "Writers at Work: The Essay." Cambridge University Press, 2008)

Sample Introductions

It can be helpful to see completed examples before writing in order to examine what makes for an effective piece. See how these introductions give some context before posing the topic and lead naturally into the body paragraphs, where the evidence will be listed. You can imagine how the author has organized the rest of the piece.

"We buried my cousin last summer. He was 32 when he hanged himself from a closet coat rack in the throes of alcoholism, the fourth of my blood relatives to die prematurely from this deadly disease. If America issued drinking licenses, those four men—including my father, who died at 54 of liver failure—might be alive today."

(Mike Brake, "Needed: A License to Drink."  Newsweek , March 13, 1994)

"America is suffering from overwork. Too many of us are too busy, trying to squeeze more into each day while having less to show for it. Although our growing time crunch is often portrayed as a personal dilemma, it is, in fact, a major social problem that has reached crisis proportions over the past twenty years."

(Barbara Brandt, "Whole Life Economics: Revaluing Daily Life." New Society, 1995)

"The modern-day apartment dweller is faced with a most annoying problem: paper-thin walls and sound-amplifying ceilings. To live with this problem is to live with the invasion of privacy. There is nothing more distracting than to hear your neighbors' every function. Although the source of the noise cannot be eliminated, the problem can be solved."

(Maria B. Dunn, "One Man's Ceiling Is Another Man's Floor: The Problem of Noise")

Organization

In "Passages: A Writer's Guide, " how to organize a problem-solution paper is explained:  

"Though to some extent [your organization of the paper] depends on your topic, do make sure that you include the following information:

Introduction: Identify the problem in a nutshell. Explain why this is a problem, and mention who should be concerned about it.

Problem Paragraph(s): Explain the problem clearly and specifically. Demonstrate that this is not just a personal complaint, but a genuine problem that affects many people.

"Solution Paragraph(s): Offer a concrete solution to the problem, and explain why this is the best one available. You may want to point out why other possible solutions are inferior to yours. If your solution calls for a series of steps or actions to be followed, present these steps in a logical order.

"Conclusion: Reemphasize the importance of the problem and the value of your solution. Choose a problem that you have experienced and thought about—one that you have solved or are in the process of solving. Then, in the essay itself, you may use your own experience to illustrate the problem. However, don't focus all the attention on yourself and on your troubles. Instead, direct the essay at others who are experiencing a similar problem. In other words, don't write an I essay ('How I Cure the Blues'); write a you essay ('How You Can Cure the Blues')."

(Richard Nordquist, Passages: A Writer's Guide , 3rd ed. St. Martin's Press, 1995)

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How to Write a Problem and Solution Essay With Tips and Examples

22 December 2023

last updated

When students face issues on how to write a problem and solution essay, they need clear guidelines. The key insights in the text include a definition of a problem and solution essay, its unique structure, and organizational pattern. Other essential details include the possible easy topics students can choose when writing their paper, the technical steps, and tips for creating a high-standard document. A sample outline and example of a problem and solution essay give readers a practical paper of how the text should appear after its completion. Therefore, this guideline is a must-read for every student who hopes to write a good problem and solution essay that meets the instructor’s quality expectations.

General Aspects of How to Write an Outstanding Problem and Solution Essay & Examples

Academic texts are an excellent place to build critical writing skills and develop the intellectual capacity to create different types of essays that others can use as sources of ideas. Since most types of papers are technical, students must continuously expose themselves to ideas and knowledge about how to write good essays. This guideline on how to write a problem and solution essay includes vital insights for students and anyone interested in writing this kind of text for academic or intellectual reasons. By reading this article, people can learn the meaning of a problem and solution essay, its unique structure, distinctive features, tips for a high-standard piece, and possible topics, among other essential details. A sample outline and practical example of a problem and solution essay offer readers a good paper of this type of text.

Definition of What Is a Problem and Solution Essay and Its Meaning

As the name suggests, this kind of academic essay addresses a specific problem and its solution. In other words, someone writing this paper should identify a particular problem and explain how to solve it. This text mainly applies where instructors want to assess students’ writing skills and ability to investigate matters and find relevant information that enhances one’s understanding of them. In this respect, a problem and solution essay differs from other types of scholarly texts, including a research paper or a research proposal , and some essays, like an argumentative essay , a cause and effect essay , or a compare and contrast essay . While these texts require writers to examine issues and use evidence to construct and defend arguments and observations, a problem and solution essay means that one must state a problem and explain its solution.

Unique Structure of a Problem and Solution Essay

Like other academic texts, a problem and solution essay has a unique essay structure that writers should adopt to ensure their work meets the instructor’s expectations. The design features certain elements, including a description of the problem in a way that attracts the reader’s interest, an explanation of the solution, a plan for implementing the answer, and a procedure for evaluating the outcome. In short, students should approach the task more carefully when writing a problem and solution essay. For example, a mistake writers make is to assume expectations and rely on their knowledge of other papers in writing assignments. While there are areas of similarities, most types of academic texts have distinct features that form part of expectations. An essay structure is one of these features and determines whether writers score highly or poorly in the eyes of readers.

🔹 Problem Description

Defining a specific problem is a writer’s first task when generating ideas about a problem and solution essay. This definition should form part of a thesis statement to inform readers early about the paper’s aim. While using many words to describe the problem in a college essay introduction is not advisable, writers should use the paper’s body to comprehensively address the issue, including its causes and who or what is affected. Essentially, the description part of an essay should make readers care about the situation and be curious about the solution.

After describing a defined problem, writers should explain a logical solution in the body of a problem and solution essay. Typically, they should tell readers something about the solution in the thesis statement because it mentions the problem. Ideally, a good thesis statement should focus on the most critical aspects of the paper, in this case, the problem and the solution. However, the body paragraphs should tell readers more about the solution, including who or what provides it and how it will impact the situation. A problem and solution essay should be rich with information that enables readers to understand everything without outside input. In this respect, all solutions should not leave readers confused or unimpressed because of simplicity or unreasonableness.

🔹 Implementation Plan

A good solution for writing an essay should have an implementation plan because it takes time to happen. Since most problems are complex and multifaceted, solutions take time to develop because of the dynamics involved, including the need to consult and budget-making. Therefore, writers should discuss implementation by addressing who or what would provide the solution, how, and the time it will take to get results. These details are essential to readers because they provide a roadmap for dealing with the problem when going through an essay. The most critical element of an implementation plan is the timeline, meaning when the solution will be available to when expected outcomes will manifest.

🔹 Evaluation of Outcome

The most effective strategy for assessing whether a particular solution described in an essay has solved a specific problem is to evaluate the outcome. Some solutions may be futile if they do not address the issue. Therefore, when writing a problem and solution essay, students should explain who or what would evaluate the outcome and the features they would assess to determine whether it is the right outcome.

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Organizing a Problem and Solution Essay

The most notable feature of scholarly documents is the content organization from the introduction to the conclusion . For example, students can adopt block or chain structures when writing a problem and solution essay depending on whether the instructor has specified the pattern. Ideally, different patterns determine how writers describe the problem and the solution.

🔸 Block Structure

The block structure is where writers divide the body of a problem and solution essay into two sections. The first element of an essay addresses the problem(s) and all the crucial details, like the causes and effects. The second section outlines the solution(s) to the problem and essential elements, like who or what would provide and the expected outcome. Therefore, when adopting the block structure in an essay, students should deal with the issue entirely before proceeding to the solution. Then, they should have another section in an essay for the implementation plan and another for evaluating outcomes. The format should be as follows:

• Section 1: problem 1, problem 2;
• Section 2: solution to problem 1, solution to problem 2;
• Section 3: implementation plan;
• Section 4: evaluation of outcomes.

🔸 Chain Structure

The chain structure divides the body of a problem and solution essay into several sections depending on the number of problems. In this case, students use each section to describe a problem, addressing the cause and effects and its solution, and essential details, like who or what would offer it and how long it would take to solve. Depending on essay instructions, students can use subheadings to identify the sections or use body paragraphs, each for one problem and its solution. Then, writers should have another section in an essay for the implementation plan and another for evaluating outcomes. As a result, the format should appear as follows:

• Section 1: problem 1, solution 1;
• Section 2: problem 2, solution 2;

Table Representing 12 Types of a Problem

Examples of 12 Problems, Their Solution(s), Implementation, and Evaluation for Writing an Essay

Topic Examples for Writing a Problem and Solution Essay

Choosing good essay topics is the first task when writing an academic paper, and it determines whether students have an easy or hard time generating ideas and putting them together coherently. Therefore, they should know that selecting problem and solution essay topics can mean the difference between a below-average and an excellent document. Before deciding on the topic, one should read widely to seek knowledge on what topics are easy and which can complicate producing a high-standard paper. The following list comprises easy topics that students can choose from when writing a problem and solution essay because they require writers to describe a problem, state a solution and how to implement it, and evaluate the outcomes.

• Reducing Plastic Waste in the Ocean: An Innovative Approach
• Discussing the Effects of Internet Addiction on Students and What Parents and School Administrators Can Do to Protect Learners
• What Are the Side Effects of Prolonged Use of Painkillers, and How Can Governments Intervene?
• Discussing Student Loan Debt as a Burden to Graduates and How the Government Can Lighten It
• Exploring How Illegal Immigration Affects Natural Citizens and the Solutions to the Problem
• Evaluating the Impact of Substance Abuse on Pregnant Women and What Health Professionals Can Do to Protect Mothers and the Unborn From Harm
• What Causes Teen Pregnancy, and How Can Communities Prevent It?

Sample Outline Template for Writing a Good Problem and Solution Essay

I. Introduction

• Hook : A statement starting with a quotation , striking example, or brief anecdote to capture the reader’s attention and stir their interest to know more about the topic.
• Context: State the background of the problem and its development, including when and how it started, the cause, and who or what it affects.
• Thesis : State the idea(s) that guide the rest of the paper, pointing to the problem and the possible solution for an essay.

II. Body of an Essay

A. The problem:

• Describe the problem in depth, focusing on the causes and statistical evidence.
• Explain the effects of the problem, including the people or other entities it affects and how.

B. Solution(s):

• Explore the possible logical solution(s) that exist and their weaknesses.
• State an ideal solution(s) to the problem.

III. Conclusion

• Make deductions about the problem and solution(s).
• Summarize the main points of a problem and solution essay.
• Reinforce the thesis.
• Make a call to action that enlightens readers about the problem and possible solution(s).

Example of a Problem and Solution Essay

Topic: Discuss Student Loan Debt as a Burden to Graduates and How the Government Can Lighten It

I. Example of an Introduction in a Problem and Solution Essay

The high cost of college education is historically out of reach for the majority. Officials in America enacted legislation to facilitate loans to individuals who see a college education as the pathway to economic mobility. Although student loan has helped millions to come closer to experiencing the American Dream, repaying it is burdensome to graduates, and some stakeholders believe loan forgiveness is the best solution.

II. Example of Body Paragraphs in a Problem and Solution Essay

A. problem sample paragraph.

Student loan debt results from the government’s effort to assist millions of Americans in attaining a college education despite their socioeconomic status. Any day of the week, a review of the mass media will reveal sentiments from various quarters about student loan debt and how it has made graduates’ lives a nightmare. For example, multiple reports show that most people graduating from higher education enter the job market yearly with a loan burden. These reports indicate the adverse effects of this condition, including sinking individuals into financial slavery and making a high standard of living a mirage. Arguably, people can conclude that a college education is no longer a pathway to the American Dream but one to economic slavery.

B. Solution Sample Paragraph

Since Joe Biden assumed the presidency, a section of congressional members has called for the federal government to adopt loan forgiveness to make life bearable for many graduates. Ideally, this intervention means the federal government owning up the student loans in the market to free graduates from loan repayment, which has proven to be a significant barrier to financial independence and a high living standard. While this solution is commendable, it has several weaknesses. Firstly, it does not solve the problem but transfers it from the individual to the government. Since the government gets money through taxation, student loan forgiveness will become a problem for taxpayers. Secondly, it does not address why people seek student loans, meaning the problem will continue manifesting. Another solution to the problem, which most people believe is ideal, is making the necessary arrangements, including legal, to make student loan repayment part of employment benefits. This solution recognizes that almost every graduate entering the job market has a student loan repayment obligation. Therefore, employers should make loan repayment an employment benefit and kill two birds with one stone, which means attracting the best candidates and retaining them because of improved life satisfaction. Companies are constantly losing their best employees because most skilled workers are always searching for an employer with the best compensation package. Making student loan repayment an employment benefit, like health insurance, will make an employer the dream workplace for most graduates because everyone wants the burden off their shoulders.

III. Example of a Conclusion in a Problem and Solution Essay

Student loan debt is a burden to most graduates that the federal government and employers can help lighten for millions of Americans. The media shows how loan repayment has sunk a majority of graduates into financial slavery and made the American Dream just that, a dream. Loan forgiveness by the federal government can help to lighten the burden. However, making loan repayment an employment benefit is the best solution because it does not transfer the obligation to the taxpayer. Therefore, legislators should refocus their efforts on loan forgiveness and consider how loan repayment can become part of employment benefits.

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4 Easy Steps for Writing a Problem and Solution Essay

Writing scholarly papers or essays is a technical process that requires an in-depth understanding of certain conventions. These conventions include following a prescribed essay outline ; formatting in APA , MLA , Harvard , or Chicago/Turabian ; using the active voice; adopting a formal tone; writing papers without grammar or format errors; and producing essays with a logical order of ideas and thought. Students should capture these details in various sections of their problem and solution essays. Ideally, the writing process happens in steps, each with its demands that form the instructor’s assessment criteria. Thus, the main steps for writing a great problem and solution essay are preparation, stage setup, document writing, and wrap-up.

Step 1: Preparation

Preparation is the first step of writing a problem and solution essay, requiring writers to focus on several details. The first aspect is defining the topic if the instructions do not specify it. The secret to a good topic is to identify a problem one cares about deeply that has practical solutions. Writing about a specific problem that cannot be solved would be frustrating because it would defeat the purpose of a problem and solution essay. Moreover, when defining the topic and generating ideas, writers should consider the audience to determine whether to use simple or technical language. The most effective strategy for writing essays is for students to incubate ideas during learning habitually. Course content is rich in ideas one can use to construct topics usable when professors issue instructions to write a paper for assessment.

Step 2: Stage Setup

Setting the stage is the second step of writing a problem and solution essay. The first task for students is to find credible sources . In this task, writers should research widely and identify materials relating to the topic to generate ideas for their essays. The best approach is to read several reliable sources while making notes. Besides, students should focus on materials that help them to construct a specific topic that addresses a problem with possible solutions. The next task is to create a clear outline according to the one above. However, someone may decide to follow block or chain structures in the paper’s body. The choice will depend on the number of problems and solutions, but a chain structure is best suited for an essay addressing several problems and solutions because it provides a logical flow.

Step 3: The Writing Process of Starting a Problem and Solution Essay

The third step in writing a problem and solution essay is to begin typing words, focusing on producing an initial draft. This first draft allows students to organize all ideas into a coherent paper. After completing the document, students should read it and confirm if the ideas are sufficient. If they are not, they should add more academic sources . However, if they are too many, one should delete some irrelevant sources. Writers should also alter their essay outlines after adding or deleting sources to fit the ideas. For example, people may switch from a block format to a chain structure in their essays if they find more problems and solutions and vice versa if the problems and solutions reduce significantly. The last task in this step is to create a well-organized thesis summarizing the paper’s objective, mentioning the problem(s) and solution(s).

Writing an Introduction for a Problem and Solution Essay

In the first paragraph, students should focus on a hook, background information, and a thesis when writing an introduction paragraph for a problem and solution essay. The hook is a statement that grabs the reader’s attention and stirs their interest in reading the entire text. Background information tells the context of the topic by stating why the problem is a matter of concern to a writer, a reader, and a broader society. The thesis tells the audience the reason for writing a problem and solution essay. As the last sentence in the introduction, the thesis gives readers a sneak peek into the argument that is the focus of body paragraphs.

Writing Body Paragraphs for a Problem and Solution Essay

The body is the most comprehensive section of a problem and solution essay because it comprehensively describes the problem(s) and solution(s). For example, students can adopt block or chain structures depending on the number of problems and solutions. An important detail for students to consider is ensuring each paragraph writing has a topic sentence that identifies an idea relating to a central thesis statement. The rest of the paragraph in an essay should focus on supporting the idea through evidence-based writing. In short, writers should use evidence from various sources, such as government websites and research materials. Moreover, one should cite such evidence in the applicable format: APA, MLA, Harvard, or Chicago/Turabian. The end of each paragraph should have a transition that allows for a logical flow to the next paragraph or section. Depending on the college essay length, writers can use headings and sub-headings to organize the body.

Writing a Conclusion for a Problem and Solution Essay

As the term suggests, the conclusion paragraph is the last part of a problem and solution essay. In this section, writers should end their papers by reminding readers of the thesis with a summary of the main points. Essentially, the conclusion of an essay should restate the problem(s) and solution(s) and make a call to action that allows readers to formulate ideas of what society should do to make the problem(s) less severe and the solution(s) sustainable.

Step 4: Wrap-Up

The wrap-up is the last step of writing a problem and solution essay, and it is all about perfecting an initial draft document to make it final. The first task for students is to read and reread a problem and solution essay to identify and revise mistakes. Revision of an essay should involve rearranging words and sentences to eliminate an illogical flow of ideas and thoughts. The next task is to edit essays by fixing grammatical and formatting errors, including missing punctuation or wrong citations. As for formatting, students should adopt one style, like APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago/Turabian, or others, in the whole essay since each one is unique.

For example, when citing a book, citations should read as follows for each type:

📕 APA Citation for a Book

• References entry:

Author’s surname, initials of first and second names. Publication year in brackets. The title in the sentence case . The publisher’s name.

• In-text citation:

(Author’s surname, publication year, page number)

📕 MLA Citation for a Book

• Works Cited entry:

Author’s surname, complete first and second names. Title in the title case . The publisher’s name, the publication year.

(Author’s surname and page number).

📕 Harvard Citation for a Book

• Reference List entry:

Author’s surname, initials of first and second names with date of publication. Title in the sentence case . The publisher, the publisher’s location.

(Author’s surname, publication year, page number).

📕 Chicago/Turabian Citation for a Book

• Bibliography entry:

Author’s surname, complete first and second names. Title in the title case . The publisher’s location, the publisher.

• Footnote entry:

Author’s first, second, and third names. The title in the title case . The publisher’s location, name, and publication year are in brackets. The page number from where writers got the information they are citing.

20 Tips for Writing a Problem and Solution Essay

A high-standard scholarly essay is a product of enough preparation and focused intellectual engagement. This condition makes it essential for writers to learn to accomplish their tasks flawlessly. The tips for students and anyone writing a problem and solution essay include identifying vulnerable groups in society; brainstorming about the problems they face; thinking about the possible solutions; generating ideas about the problems and solutions, creating an essay outline; considering whether to adopt the block or chain structure; writing the introduction with a hook, background information, and a thesis; describing the problems and the possible solutions comprehensively in the body; ensuring the body paragraphs have topic sentences, evidence, transitions, and citations; and writing a conclusion that restates the thesis, summarizes the main points, and makes call to action in an essay.

10 things to do when writing a problem and solution essay include:

• identifying the situation to address in an essay, such as a political, economic, social, or cultural problem;
• thinking about the solutions to the problem;
• creating an outline that considers the paper’s content, including the problem, solution, implementation, and evaluation;
• researching to find evidence about the problem for starting an essay;
• evaluating the weaknesses of the existing interventions; adopting one formatting style for the entire paper;
• creating a thesis that emphasizes the problem and possible solution;
• constructing body paragraphs that satisfy all academic writing conventions, including topic sentences, transitions, and citations;
• creating an initial essay draft;
• reading and rereading a final draft essay to identify and fix mistakes;
• proofreading a final version of a problem and solution essay.

10 things not to do:

• defining an essay topic that does not address a problem or solution;
• addressing a problem without a practical solution;
• providing an introduction without a hook, context, or thesis statement;
• adopting an essay outline that does not consider the four components of problem, solution, implementation, and evaluation;
• using both block and chain structures;
• failing to support arguments with evidence in an essay;
• citing evidence wrongly;
• mixing different formats (APA, MLA, Harvard, or Chicago/Turabian) in the same or different paragraphs;
• writing a problem and solution essay with numerous grammatical and formatting errors;
• failing to conclude a paper.

Summing Up on How to Write a Perfect Problem and Solution Essay

• Define a problem afflicting vulnerable groups, like children, senior citizens, and persons with disabilities, for an essay.
• Consider if there are existing solutions to the problem and their weaknesses.
• Brainstorm to generate ideas about possible solutions to the problem.
• Create an outline and populate each section with ideas, considering the hook, background information, topic sentences, transitions, evidence, citations, and a call to action.
• Ensure a problem and solution essay adopts block or chain structures, not both.
• Provide an in-depth description of the problem, its causes, and the people or other entities it affects.
• Explain the possible solutions and who or what should provide them.
• Make a call to action to leave readers with a lasting impression about the importance of the problem and why it is necessary to sustain the solution.

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130 best problem solution essay topics.

It is quite ironic that the first problem you encounter in problem solution essays is choosing the best problem solution essay topics!

However, it doesn’t have to be that difficult. All you have to do is look for problem solution essay topics with viable solutions, and you should genuinely care about the problem. If you still have trouble finding good problem and solution topics, you can look for examples of problem and solution essay topics.

We have provided more than enough examples for you with over 100 problem solution essay topics contained in this article. Ready to find a solution to your problem solution essay topics? Let’s get started!

Problem Solution Essay Topics for College Students

Problem solution essay topics for middle school, problem solution essay topics about animals, environment problem solution essay topics, health problem solution essay topics, political problem solution essay topics, problem solution gun control topics, funny problem solution essay topics, more problem solution essay topics.

Problem solution essays are one of the most common essays for college students. Students in college face a unique set of problems from other students. It is essential to write topics for problem solution essay on issues that you can relate to or have experienced.

Therefore, problem solution essays written by college students are quite different from all others. These essays deal with issues common among college students.

Still at a loss as to the problem solution topics to choose as a college student? Here are some examples that would point you in the right direction. Note that you don’t have to use them verbatim. These can serve as samples or inspiration.

• How can college students effectively balance out personal needs and academics? Is it possible to still have a social life?
• Large lecture halls can make it more challenging to learn and hear lecturers. How can campuses work on solving this problem?
• Most students have to work and study to pay for their education. However, work often takes away the time for learning. How can a student find a solution to this problem?
• Going away from home can be pretty hard, and many students battle with homesickness for a time. Proffer solutions to this problem.
• How can a student cut costs on decorating a dorm room or apartment?
• Lots of colleges match students as roommates. This practice often causes some problems between people with different personalities and interests. What can be done to make the adjustment period more comfortable for each roommate?
• Every student knows that the cafeteria is rarely the best place to get the best food. How can students help change this situation, though?
• How can parents help their children and wards without intruding on their privacy and taking away their independence?
• What should colleges do to have a more diverse number of students in their schools?
• How can colleges help their students relieve stress?
• Do parents need to know the grades of their children in college?
• How can colleges encourage students to participate more actively in sports and politics?
• How do college students decide on their major?
• What happens to a long-distance relationship when you are in college?
• How can a college student persuade his parents to allow him to be independent?
• What is the best way to handle issues with roommates?
• How can a college student stop procrastination?
• What degrees are the most marketable for college students?
• How do college students handle noisy or dirty roommates or neighbors?
• What can you do if you find out that your friend is suicidal?

These problems are issues that college students frequently encounter. Therefore, you only have to seek actionable solutions to the question, outline them and have a good problem solution paper.

These sample topics can also be converted into problem solution speech topics. If you were to give a speech, all these questions would make a good thesis for problem solution speech topics college students would love. You have the advantage of capturing your audience’s attention right from the onset as they can relate to the problems.

Not everyone is in college, though. For instance, if you are in middle school, the type of problem solution essay that would appeal to your audience and find interesting is quite different. Therefore, we have highlighted more problem solution paper topics to help everyone in different situations.

Middle School is often a challenging time for most people. It is a time when teenagers feel like adults yet are still children in the real sense. This problem, coupled with many other issues, makes for a quite impressive problem solution essay topics list.

• What can a school do to help children who have behavior issues that stem from their home?
• How can society help and encourage children with autism and other developmental disorders instead of blaming their parents?
• What can parents and teachers do to help young female teenagers who are unrealistically trying to fit into the images they see on social media?
• Should middle school students look for a job before they gain admission into college?
• How can parents teach middle school students financial management before they get to college?
• How can parents and teachers combat the adverse effects of cell phones and other electronic devices on students?
• How can therapy dogs be controlled in a classroom such that it does not become a distraction?
• How can students do tests without experience undue stress and anxiety?
• How can society help children who are talented but have no means to further their education?
• How can school fit more creative subjects into pupils’ schedules to help them broaden their mental capacities?

Beyond school topics for problem solution essays, there are also other general topics that anyone who wants to write problem solution persuasive speech topics can use. We have highlighted these topics under the different sections below.

If you love animals, then you would care about what happens to them. A problem solution essay can help you affect the changes that you want to see concerning animals. Here are a few interesting topics that you might want to try your hands on first.

• What is the solution to the animals that are overpopulating particular habitats because human activity has chased their natural predators?
• How can we prevent people from disturbing the natural habitat of endangered animals living in parks?
• How can we solve the problem of plastics destroying the natural ecosystem in the ocean?
• What can people do to combat the global climate change issues that would affect several animals’ habitats?
• How do we deter people who adopt pets on a whim and decide they don’t want these animals anymore?
• How we protect endangered species like snakes, which might live on people’s properties, without causing problems for the people or the animals?
• How can we prevent poaching with the rise in demand for animal flesh and parts worldwide?
• How do we protect migratory birds from obstacles like tall buildings and wind turbines?
• How can we deal with irresponsible dog breeders who run dog mills?
• How can farmers provide free-range eggs at a more affordable price?

You might have thought of some of these issues at one point or the other if you love animals in any capacity. Therefore, it would be relatively easy for you to write a problem solution paper on any of these topics if necessary.

Anything that affects the environment affects everyone in it. Therefore, problem solution essay topics environment-related are a common one for people. You can try your hands on any one of them. Who knows? Your solution might be what the world needs.

Some sample environment problem solution essays that you attempt are:

• How can we encourage more countries to work on climate change and take it more seriously?
• What can everyday people do to help cleanse the waterways from pollution?
• How can we encourage farming communities to convert to wind or solar farming?
• What can we do the stop the extinction of monarch butterflies?
• How can we reduce air pollution in major world cities?
• What steps should members of societies take to stop the rising acidity of the oceans?
• What can be done about the increasing world population as it affects the environment?
• GMOs lead to more food production but could cause biodiversity challenges. What could be done to solve the problem?
• How can we reduce food wastage, especially in larger cities?
• How can we reduce deforestation and encourage tree planting?

Find more environmental science topics on our blog.

One significant aspect of life that people face challenges is in their health. This fact makes this aspect a good source for problem solution essay topics. Some of the health problem questions that these essays seek solutions to include:

• How can we encourage parents to vaccinate their children at an early age to prevent dangerous illnesses?
• How can people develop the habit of regular exercise?
• What can parents do to help their obese children?
• How can we get more people to sign up for a health insurance plan in the United States?
• How can the stigma surrounding mental health issues be reduced in our societies?
• How can we combat increasing health challenges like asthma caused by air pollution?
• How can we strongly encourage people to stop taking tobacco?
• How do we reduce death rates caused by accidental gun discharge?
• What can we do to encourage people to eat fresher, more balanced meals?
• How do we ensure people seek primary health care when they fall ill? How do we make primary health care accessible to all?

Politics is an issue that concerns everyone, whether we like it or not. One way or the other, your actions and inactions would determine the state of your society and country.

There are no doubts that there are several problems in the political system all over the world today. These problems serve as the basis of political problem cause solution speech topics.

These examples that we have provided below will help you write on any of these political problem solution essay topics.

• How do we encourage people to vote more?
• Should the age limit of voting reduce as more children mature at younger ages?
• How do we enforce laws that would help our societies?
• Is there a way that we can eradicate racism, nepotism, and tribalism from the society
• Is there a way to increase the number of literate people in society?
• How do we balance the free speech right with the right not to insult or abuse?
• How can we solve the problem of terrorism?
• How can mass job creation reach everyone and reduce the poverty rate?
• Should politicians have some form of control over social media? How can we create a free and fair media space without any political interference?
• How should we deal with illegal immigration issues?

Gun control has been a big issue for years. Different people have their opinions on the solution to the problems that guns cause in society. Here are a few on the topic:

• How can we help victims of gun violence?
• Is there any way to reduce the rate of gun violence?
• Do we prosecute the sellers or buyers of illegal guns?
• Should civilians be allowed to carry guns? What justifiable reasons can a civilian give for owning a gun?
• How can we make our communities safer without guns?

These problem solution gun control topics can help you explore the issues surrounding gun use control.

Whether you want to or not, some problems would make you laugh. We have highlighted a few funny problem solution essay topics for you.

• Funny cat videos reduce stress during finals.
• Programmable electric locks might help you stop eating at night.
• Photoshop solves Instagram users’ low self-esteem issues.
• Would 3D Printing solve the dorm cooking problems?
• Lecturers can serve free coffee to keep students awake during class.
• Could recorders be used to solve the problem of sleeping in class?
• Can autocorrect solve the problem of texting language in essays?
• Glowing pillows could solve issues in long-distance relationships
• iPads as a replacement for textbooks would make the class more fun and engaging
• Alarm clocks should run from student’s reach before they turn them off to prevent oversleeping.

These topics contain funny solutions to real-life issues. While you can write a paper on these funny topics to entertain yourself, you might need more problem solution essay topics.

• How can we stop social media bullying?
• How can you help a depressed person?
• What can we do to domineering and manipulating people?
• How do you leave a bad relationship?
• How can we stop or limit steroid use in sports?
• Should student-athletes get paid?
• How can you learn a sport that you have never played before?
• How can you boost attendance at a sporting event?
• Should parents or teachers push children to engage in sports?
• How do homeschooled children prepare for college?
• Should schools offer more technical courses to prepare children for the changing world?
• What should parents or guardians do when a student gets pregnant?
• How can we encourage more people to adopt children?
• How can parents teach the value of honesty?
• What is the best way to discipline a child?
• How can we prevent traffic violations?
• How do we prevent drunk driving?
• Is there a way to increase driver education in the country?
• What is the best way to find a new location you have never visited?
• What can traffic law changes make driving easier?
• How can we make people use more public transport?
• What is the best way to train a student as a driver?
• How can we combat driving and texting?
• Should parents impose their religious beliefs on their children?
• How can we help families who have someone with mental health challenges?
• How can parents help their children have a confident body image?
• How should parents help with homework?
• In what way should technology be used in the classroom?
• Should teachers or students be allowed to carry licensed guns into the school premises?
• What should be the standard for dress codes in schools?
• Should students who prefer online studies in high school be allowed to use that medium?
• How can schools retain their outstanding teachers?
• Should schools promote more physical education?
• Should there be a general core curriculum for all schools?
• Is it ideal to give every child an iPad or laptop in school?
• Has digital technology caused challenges for the education sector?
• Should foreign language be made compulsory for every student?
• How should teachers treat cheaters when caught?
• Would a nationalized test prove the standard of schools?
• How can we help children flunking class?
• What can make gifted and talented programs more effective?
• How much should sports players earn?
• Should women ask men out on dates?
• How can you move out of a friend zone?
• What makes for a healthy relationship?

You can change these topics into local problem solution essay topics by specifying a state or location. If you are looking for easy problem solution essay topics or problem solution proposal essay topics, these topics will meet your needs. All you have to do is choose appropriate problem solution essay topics or contact a paper writer and get more help.

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• A Research Guide
• Essay Topics

120 Problem Solution Essay Topics for College Students

Selecting a topic for a problem solution essay:.

Problem Solution Health Essay Topics:

• The rising obesity epidemic: Implementing effective strategies for promoting healthy eating and physical activity
• Access to healthcare in rural areas: Improving healthcare infrastructure and telemedicine services
• Mental health stigma: Raising awareness and promoting acceptance to reduce discrimination
• Substance abuse among teenagers: Enhancing prevention programs and providing accessible treatment options
• Lack of sex education in schools: Implementing comprehensive and evidence-based sexual education curriculum
• The impact of air pollution on respiratory health: Implementing stricter regulations on industrial emissions
• Insufficient access to clean drinking water: Developing sustainable solutions for water purification and distribution
• The rise of antibiotic resistance: Promoting responsible use of antibiotics and investing in alternative treatments
• Inadequate support for caregivers of elderly individuals: Establishing support programs and respite care services
• The impact of social media on mental health: Promoting digital well-being and responsible online behavior
• Food insecurity and malnutrition: Implementing policies to ensure access to nutritious food for all
• Lack of physical activity among children: Enhancing physical education programs and creating safe recreational spaces
• The impact of sleep deprivation on overall health: Promoting healthy sleep habits and raising awareness about its importance
• Limited access to affordable healthcare for low-income individuals: Expanding Medicaid and increasing funding for community health centers
• The stigma surrounding mental health in minority communities: Promoting culturally sensitive mental health services and education

Problem Solution Education Essay Topics:

• Addressing the achievement gap: Strategies to bridge the educational disparities among students from different socioeconomic backgrounds
• Enhancing teacher training programs: Improving the quality of education by providing teachers with effective professional development opportunities
• Reducing school dropout rates: Implementing interventions to prevent students from leaving school prematurely
• Promoting inclusive education: Strategies to ensure equal access to education for students with disabilities
• Combating bullying in schools: Implementing comprehensive anti-bullying programs to create a safe and supportive learning environment
• Improving digital literacy: Enhancing students’ skills to effectively navigate and utilize technology for educational purposes
• Enhancing parental involvement: Strategies to encourage parents to actively participate in their children’s education
• Addressing the shortage of qualified teachers: Implementing initiatives to attract and retain highly qualified educators
• Reducing the emphasis on standardized testing: Exploring alternative assessment methods to promote a more holistic approach to education
• Promoting cultural diversity in schools: Strategies to create inclusive learning environments that celebrate and respect different cultures
• Addressing the lack of resources in underfunded schools: Implementing measures to provide adequate funding and resources for schools in disadvantaged areas
• Preventing academic cheating: Implementing integrity programs to promote academic honesty among students
• Enhancing career guidance programs: Providing students with comprehensive career guidance to help them make informed decisions about their future
• Addressing the mental health crisis in schools: Implementing mental health support services to address the increasing prevalence of mental health issues among students
• Promoting critical thinking skills: Incorporating critical thinking into the curriculum to foster independent and analytical thinking among students

Problem Solution Psychology Essay Topics:

• The impact of social media on mental health: Addressing cyberbullying and online addiction
• Reducing the stigma surrounding mental illness: Promoting understanding and empathy in society
• Enhancing psychological support in schools: Strategies to improve student well-being and academic performance
• Overcoming the challenges of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Effective therapeutic interventions and support systems
• Addressing the rise of anxiety disorders in young adults: Identifying causes and implementing preventive measures
• Combating the negative effects of body image dissatisfaction: Promoting self-acceptance and positive body image
• Reducing the prevalence of eating disorders: Implementing comprehensive prevention and treatment programs
• Enhancing mental health services in rural areas: Overcoming barriers to access and improving outreach efforts
• Addressing the psychological impact of unemployment: Strategies for coping and reintegration into the workforce
• Promoting positive parenting techniques: Reducing the risk of child abuse and fostering healthy child development
• Overcoming the challenges of addiction: Effective treatment approaches and relapse prevention strategies
• Addressing the psychological impact of discrimination: Promoting equality and inclusivity in society
• Enhancing mental health support for veterans: Addressing the unique challenges faced by military personnel
• Reducing the prevalence of self-harm and suicide: Implementing early intervention and support programs
• Overcoming the psychological impact of natural disasters: Building resilience and providing post-disaster mental health support

Problem Solution Environment Essay Topics:

• Deforestation: Implementing sustainable logging practices to protect forests
• Air pollution: Promoting the use of electric vehicles to reduce emissions
• Plastic pollution: Encouraging the adoption of reusable alternatives to single-use plastics
• Water scarcity: Implementing efficient irrigation systems to conserve water in agriculture
• Climate change: Promoting renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
• Loss of biodiversity: Establishing protected areas and wildlife corridors to preserve ecosystems
• Soil erosion: Promoting sustainable farming practices to prevent soil degradation
• Overfishing: Implementing stricter regulations and sustainable fishing practices
• Urbanization: Designing green cities with more parks and green spaces to improve air quality
• Waste management: Encouraging recycling and composting programs to reduce landfill waste
• Deficient waste disposal: Implementing proper waste disposal systems in developing countries
• Acid rain: Reducing industrial emissions and promoting cleaner energy production
• Ozone depletion: Phasing out the use of ozone-depleting substances in manufacturing
• Noise pollution: Implementing noise reduction measures in urban areas to improve quality of life
• Industrial pollution: Enforcing stricter regulations and penalties for polluting industries

Problem Solution Technology Essay Topics:

• Cyberbullying: Implementing stricter regulations and educational programs to combat online harassment
• Digital divide: Bridging the gap between individuals with limited access to technology and those with advanced technological resources
• Online privacy: Developing effective measures to protect personal information and prevent data breaches
• Fake news: Promoting media literacy and critical thinking skills to combat the spread of misinformation
• E-waste management: Implementing recycling programs and encouraging responsible disposal of electronic devices
• Internet addiction: Raising awareness and providing resources for individuals struggling with excessive internet usage
• Online security: Enhancing cybersecurity measures to protect against hacking and identity theft
• Digital literacy: Promoting education and training programs to ensure individuals have the necessary skills to navigate the digital world
• Online harassment: Implementing stricter laws and policies to address and prevent online harassment and cyberstalking
• Technology addiction in children: Educating parents and caregivers on healthy technology usage for children and promoting alternative activities
• Data privacy in social media: Strengthening regulations and user control over personal data shared on social media platforms
• Digital piracy: Developing effective strategies to combat copyright infringement and protect intellectual property rights
• Technological unemployment: Implementing retraining programs and promoting entrepreneurship to address job displacement caused by automation
• Online scams: Raising awareness and providing resources to prevent individuals from falling victim to online scams and fraud
• Digital divide in education: Providing equal access to technology and internet resources for students in underserved communities

Problem Solution Philosophy Essay Topics:

• The problem of free will and determinism: Finding a solution to the debate between human agency and predestination
• The problem of evil: Exploring philosophical solutions to the existence of evil in a world created by a benevolent God
• The problem of personal identity: Examining philosophical theories that address the question of what constitutes personal identity over time
• The problem of skepticism: Proposing philosophical solutions to the challenge of skepticism and the possibility of knowledge
• The problem of moral relativism: Analyzing philosophical approaches to resolving the conflict between moral relativism and moral objectivity
• The problem of consciousness: Investigating philosophical theories that offer solutions to the mind-body problem and the nature of consciousness
• The problem of induction: Evaluating philosophical responses to the problem of induction and the reliability of empirical knowledge
• The problem of universals: Discussing philosophical solutions to the debate over the existence and nature of universals
• The problem of personal responsibility: Examining philosophical perspectives on the concept of personal responsibility and its implications for moral accountability
• The problem of theodicy: Exploring philosophical responses to the problem of reconciling the existence of God with the presence of evil and suffering
• The problem of identity politics: Analyzing philosophical approaches to addressing the challenges and controversies surrounding identity politics
• The problem of moral luck: Investigating philosophical theories that attempt to reconcile the role of luck in moral judgments and moral responsibility
• The problem of the self: Discussing philosophical solutions to the question of the self and its relationship to consciousness and personal identity
• The problem of relativism in ethics: Evaluating philosophical responses to the challenges posed by ethical relativism and the possibility of moral objectivity
• The problem of the nature of reality: Examining philosophical theories that offer solutions to the question of the nature of reality and the limits of human perception

Problem Solution History Essay Topics:

• The impact of colonization on indigenous cultures: Strategies for cultural preservation and revitalization
• The causes and consequences of the Great Depression: Implementing economic reforms to prevent future economic crises
• The rise of totalitarian regimes in the 20th century: Strategies for promoting democracy and safeguarding human rights
• The causes and consequences of the Cold War: Finding diplomatic solutions to reduce tensions and promote global cooperation
• The challenges faced by women suffragettes in the fight for voting rights: Strategies for achieving gender equality in politics
• The effects of the Industrial Revolution on working conditions: Implementing labor reforms to protect workers’ rights
• The causes and consequences of the Civil Rights Movement: Strategies for combating racial discrimination and promoting equality
• The impact of imperialism on African nations: Strategies for decolonization and nation-building
• The causes and consequences of the French Revolution: Implementing political reforms to address social inequality and promote democracy
• The challenges faced by Native American tribes during westward expansion: Strategies for preserving tribal sovereignty and cultural heritage
• The causes and consequences of the Holocaust: Strategies for preventing genocide and promoting tolerance
• The impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis on the Cold War: Strategies for nuclear disarmament and peaceful coexistence
• The challenges faced by African Americans during the Jim Crow era: Strategies for achieving racial integration and equal rights
• The causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution: Implementing economic reforms to address social inequality and promote stability
• The impact of the Vietnam War on American society: Strategies for healing and reconciliation after a divisive conflict

Problem Solution Sociology Essay Topics:

• The impact of income inequality on social mobility: Exploring solutions for a more equitable society
• Addressing racial discrimination in the criminal justice system: Strategies for promoting fairness and equality
• Combating gender inequality in the workplace: Implementing policies to ensure equal opportunities and pay
• Tackling the rise of hate crimes: Promoting tolerance and understanding in diverse communities
• Overcoming the challenges of urban poverty: Developing comprehensive strategies for poverty alleviation
• Addressing the digital divide: Bridging the gap in access to technology and internet connectivity
• Promoting mental health awareness and support: Strategies for reducing stigma and improving access to mental health services
• Combating the opioid crisis: Implementing effective prevention and treatment programs
• Addressing the challenges of aging population: Developing policies to support the elderly and ensure their well-being
• Promoting inclusive education: Strategies for providing equal educational opportunities for students with disabilities
• Tackling food insecurity: Implementing sustainable solutions to ensure access to nutritious food for all
• Addressing the challenges of immigration: Developing comprehensive policies for integration and inclusion
• Combating domestic violence: Implementing effective prevention programs and support services for victims
• Promoting environmental sustainability: Strategies for reducing pollution and mitigating the effects of climate change
• Addressing the challenges of substance abuse: Developing comprehensive prevention and treatment programs

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A List of 339 Problem Solution Essay Topics & Questions

A problem solution essay is a type of persuasive essay. It’s a piece of writing that presents a particular problem and provides different options for solving it. It is commonly used for subject exams or IELTS writing tasks.

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In this article, we’ll take a look at how to write this type of essay. We will also provide ideas of good problem and solution essay topics to ease students’ writing process. But first: check out our custom writing service in case you need academic assistance!

• 🔝 Top 10 Topics

✅ How to Write a Problem Solution Essay

⭐ top 10 problem and solution essay topics for 2024.

• 🧑🤝🧑 Topics about Society
• 🏫 Topics on Education
• 💵 Business & Finance Topics
• 🍎 Health & Psychology Topics
• 🌎 Environment Topics
• 🐶 Topics about Animals
• 🔬 Science & Technology Topics
• 🏠 Local Problem Solution Topics
• 😄 Funny & Easy Topics
• 🤔 Other Problem Solution Topics

🔍 References

🔝 top 10 problem solution essay topics.

• The best way to improve logistics
• How to prevent drunk driving
• How can we prevent stroke?
• Ways to promote independent music
• How to prevent teen pregnancy
• Can schools help with childhood obesity?
• Ways to teach children financial literacy
• What can we do to stop human trafficking?
• Can teaching self-defense reduce violence?
• Building dams to fight the flooding problem

When starting to write an essay, think about a problem in the community that needs to be resolved. Sometimes, you will get a ready topic, like at an IELTS exam.

The topics might vary, but the outline of an essay will remain the same. First, write a list of actions that can help to solve the problem. Then, pick the three that you like best and evaluate them.

Once you get your solutions, start writing.

Any essay, whether it’s for high school or college, should be well-structured. Problem solution essays consist of two paragraphs: problem description and solution . The first section is generally divided into several parts:

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• Introduction. Provide the definition of the problem, some general background, and thesis statement with possible solutions.
• Situation. Give clear examples on the issue so that readers can understand it better.
• Problem. Describe the issue and its effect on people.

In the solution section, you need to identify several potential solutions and evaluate their effectiveness. It should include:

• Two or more possible solutions .
• Evaluation and critical assessment of the solutions.
• Conclusion with a summary of the main points of the text.

Now, you have a general idea about the writing process. To help facilitate your writing, take a look at the topic ideas below.

• Is group therapy effective against BPD?
• Can smart fridges prevent binge eating?
• Can having remote workers decrease costs?
• Sustainable homes as a way to save energy
• How nature reserves prevent wildlife extinction
• Reducing education costs with online education
• Is gun control a way to stop mass shootings?
• Can class discussions help fight youth violence?
• One-child policy as a way to stop overpopulation
• Is car sharing effective for decreasing CO2 emissions?

🧑🤝🧑 Problem and Solution Topics about Society

Social issues are problems of every level that influence the members of our society. They may refer to various factors, such as racial inequality or bullying, that affect the well-being of people or the community as a whole. Here are some problem-solving topics that will help you start writing.

• A part of the world’s population lives in conditions that don’t meet their basic needs. What are the ways to alleviate or prevent poverty ?
• There were several instances when social media websites were accused of gathering people’s private information . What are the ways to ensure privacy in the digital age?
• A vast number of girls get pregnant and give birth before the age of 20. What are some ways to reduce the teenage pregnancy rate in your country?
• Body shaming is one of the biggest problems of today’s society. What are the ways to solve this issue?
• Despite an increase in public awareness about the adverse effects of racism , the issue persists. How can we eliminate it?
• Unemployment negatively affects the living conditions of many people. It also facilitates such issues as domestic violence and depression. How can unemployment rates be improved in your country?

• Education is a fundamental human right, yet many people in some developing countries remain illiterate. How can we solve this issue?
• Habits such as smoking and overeating negatively affect people’s health. How can we better promote healthy lifestyles ?
• Victims of domestic violence often develop physical disabilities, chronic health problems, and stress. In what ways can we reduce domestic violence in our society?
• Inequality in payment, sexual harassment, and difficulty getting promoted are some of the issues women face at workplaces. What can our society do to increase equality ?
• Celebrities often appear to look flawless, which affects people’s body image . How can we promote healthier beauty standards ?
• When children observe violent behaviors , they become more aggressive. In what ways can we prevent them from witnessing violence?
• Health care is a major social issue, as many people don’t have access to high-quality services. How can we improve this situation?
• The ownership of guns increases the chances of unintentional shootings, which can result in casualties. How can gun control policies be improved?
• The consumption of illegal drugs often leads to overdosing. In what ways can people be persuaded not to do drugs?
• Drunk driving is the leading cause of vehicle accidents. What is the best way to restrict people from doing it?
• Human trafficking is a grave problem that affects countries all over the world. How can it be prevented?
• Women often report being sexually assaulted while in college. What can we do to reduce this problem?
• Homeless people are more likely to engage in abuse or violent behavior. What can be done to solve the issue?
• Parental divorce is a traumatic experience for a child. How can its adverse effects be eliminated?

🏫 Problem Solution Essay Topics on Education

The educational system is riddled with issues. You can think of numerous drawbacks that need to be addressed to make education better. Below are several examples of problem solution essay topics that will inspire you to write.

• In the pandemic environment, many students had to resort to online education , often with questionable quality. What are the ways to make e-learning effective?
• Many schools fail to provide adequate sex education programs. How can we reduce the stigma around this topic?
• Numerous students get bad grades due to reasons other than laziness. How can we help struggling learners?
• For many students, a strict schedule remains a big issue. Should students be offered the possibility of flexibility?
• Many private and public schools require a strict uniform . Are there ways to express one’s individuality without violating the dress code?
• A majority of students in schools and colleges admit to cheating . What are the ways to put an end to this behavior?
• Technology usage in education can be beneficial, as it might improve engagement and individual learning. How can schools become more adaptable to digitalization?
• Learning a foreign language can help students develop additional mental abilities. Should it be mandatory in all schools?
• Students often find themselves delaying or postponing tasks. It leads to lower grades and health issues, such as headaches or insomnia . How can we reduce the levels of student procrastination ?
• Obesity is associated with the leading causes of death in the US. Should the educational system include more physical education classes to build a fitter community?
• Students with learning disorders may have a feeling of frustration when mastering a subject. In what ways can colleges adapt to their needs?
• There are many subjects in school, and not all of them are equally useful for everyone. How can we make sure that students are learning what is best for them?
• Schools often put more funding into science, mathematics, and humanities. Should they also fund physical education (PE)?
• Gifted education allows talented students to learn more and move ahead at their pace. At the same time, it creates inequality. How can these programs be improved?
• Disruptive children usually prevent themselves and other students in class from working. What are the ways to deal with these students to make the work effective?
• The core curriculum for all schools allows all children to be taught all subjects but can be a bit strict. Should all schools have the same curriculum?
• Students are often provided with college preparation classes that don’t prepare them for work. Should schools focus more on getting students job-ready?
• Bullying and violence are the major issues at school that affect mental and physical health. What can teachers do to prevent these behaviors at school?
• The majority of students don’t perform equally well in all subjects. Instead, they excel in certain ones and fail in others. Should learners be allowed to choose their courses?
• Printed books are not easy to update, as new editions are often costly. Should schools move to digital textbooks ?

💵 Business & Finance Problem Solutions Topics

A significant number of issues can arise while managing a business or creating a startup. It can be related to anything from cybersecurity to marketing strategies. If you are into entrepreneurship, consider choosing a problem solutions topic from the list below.

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• Raising minimum wages might result in the loss of jobs. What are the alternatives?
• Job dissatisfaction often stems from issues related to wages, career progression, and leadership approach. How can we increase job satisfaction?
• The high unemployment rate brings an economic loss to the government, as well as causes individual sufferings. What are the possible methods to reduce it?

• A large number of startups fail in the first year of functioning. How can governments ensure their sustainability?
• Low employee productivity can create serious setbacks for businesses. What are the ways to increase productivity?
• Bad customer service damages the company’s reputation and leads to the loss of clients. What are the steps to fix this issue?
• The lack of teamwork might result in efficiency and productivity drop. How can we improve team cooperation in the company?
• Inflation negatively affects people with fixed wages and large amounts of cash savings. How can it be avoided?
• Carrying a student loan debt and failure to repay one may result in serious financial troubles. How can we solve the problems associated with student credit?
• The lack of performance monitoring might lead to unintended behaviors within the organization. How can we persuade people to start using a set of performance indicators?
• A significantly high number of people live from payday to payday, failing to accumulate savings. What is the best way to save money monthly?
• Bad investments rarely bring any profit. How can people avoid poor investments?
• Financial crisis can lead to mass job losses and businesses shutting down. How can we overcome recessions effectively?
• The biggest challenge for small businesses during a pandemic is staying open and making a profit. How can governments support small businesses in case of another epidemic?
• Poor marketing might result in financial problems and low customer volumes. How can you improve an average marketing strategy ?
• Imagine a company whose cash flow is adequate, yet there aren’t enough financial resources for it to grow. What are the ways to manage a strapped budget?
• Employee turnover has immediate consequences for a company. How can we reduce it?
• Business competition can harm small businesses through price factors and labor costs. How can they handle the competition?
• Poor workflow directly affects the revenue of the company. How can companies manage it effectively?
• Unsatisfied customers might spread the word about the ineffectiveness of the company. How can organizations increase customer satisfaction ?

🍎 Health & Psychology Problem Solving Topics

Problems related to health and mental well-being are common in the modern world. It’s not surprising, considering the influence of consumerist culture and environmental factors. You can address any issue you’re particularly concerned about. The following problem solution essay topics will give you an idea of where to start.

• There are several reasons for poor mental health among older people in the US. What are the ways to improve it?
• Substance addiction affects individuals because of the stigma associated with it. In what ways can we help people in recovery?
• A significant number of people suffer from eating disorders , which affects their mental and physical states. How can society prevent it?
• Depression is a common disorder among teenagers. How can teachers and parents help them manage it?
• Birth order can impact the way parents treat their children and children’s behavior. Can we, as a society, raise more awareness about the effects of birth order ?
• Post-traumatic stress disorder is experienced by people who suffered from trauma. How can society help those who have it?
• Peer pressure forces people to do things that they might not want to do. How can we reduce its influence?
• Romantic relationships often fail due to misunderstandings. How do we raise awareness about the possible difference in love styles?
• Schizophrenia is a complicated mental illness that has a severe impact on one’s life. How can society help people seek treatment for this disorder?
• Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) might isolate themselves from peers. How can teachers and parents help kids with social skills impairments?
• Alzheimer’s disease affects intellectual and physical abilities, memory, and personality. How can people prevent its development?
• Somatization disorder is a tendency to feel psychological pain in the form of physical. What is the best treatment for its symptoms?
• Prolonged use of defense mechanisms makes people feel as if they aren’t in control of their own emotions. How can we help people overcome these feelings?
• A significant percentage of children have ADHD . How can we help children with this disorder?
• Nowadays, many people have sleep disorders. How can insomnia be prevented?
• The coronavirus pandemic of 2020 caused many children to feel lonely and detached. What can parents do to help their kids in case of another pandemic?
• Suicide is a growing problem among people of all ages. What can we do to prevent it?
• Constant stress negatively affects sleep quality. What techniques can help improve it?
• It’s natural for parents to help their children as much as possible. But because of this, they often put them under too much pressure. How can we help parents find the right balance?
• Constant stress increases the chances of stroke . What are the ways to reduce the risk?

🌎 Problem Solving Topic Ideas about Environment

Today’s most significant environmental issue is climate change, but it’s not the only one. There are more global problems that need to be resolved. If you’re concerned about the environment, here are some problem-cause-solution topics for you.

• Drinking water has become an uncommon thing in many countries due to pollution. What can people do to help with this problem?
• Climate change has numerous adverse effects, such as shifting seasons and new sicknesses. How can this issue be effectively addressed?
• Vehicles release a significant amount of greenhouse gases , which contributes to global warming. Should there be a rule about reducing car usage to facilitate the solution to the environmental problem?
• Woodlands produce oxygen and help regulate the temperature. Unfortunately, a vast amount of wooded areas is lost due to deforestation . What are the possible ways to solve this problem?
• Marine life is suffering because of the amount of carbon in the water. How can people protect it?
• Air pollution poses a serious danger to people’s health . How can we reduce its adverse effects?
• Overpopulation results in a deficiency of assets like water, food, and fuel. How can we control it?
• Ozone depletion leads to an increase in the amount of ultraviolet. It results in cancer and other skin diseases. How can we solve this problem?
• Due to overpopulation , people use natural resources faster than nature can replenish them. How can we prevent its depletion?
• Leftover food is a massive problem, as it wastes water and farmland. How can we reduce it?
• Pesticides used to grow fruits and vegetables might cause health problems. How can we promote organic farming ?

• Polluted soil contains chemicals dangerous to humans, animals, and plants. Is there something that can help to avoid soil pollution ?
• Using bicycles reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. How can governments promote the usage of bicycles to reduce air pollution ?
• Natural disasters result from Earth’s processes and negatively affect people’s lives. What can we do to prepare for natural hazards?
• Fluorinated gases used in refrigerators and hair sprays significantly contribute to climate change. How can we minimize their impact on the environment?
• Oil spills harm wildlife and marine life, as well as contribute to climate change. How can major companies prevent that from happening?
• Marine life is drowning in plastic, which creates major environmental issues. How can we stop plastic pollution in the ocean?
• The rapid loss of biodiversity threatens our health and economic stability. What can we, as consumers, do to solve this issue?
• A significant amount of money is spent on cleaning garbage. Still, it’s not enough to get rid of it completely. What are the solutions to the problem of littering ?
• Noise pollution creates discomfort and lowers the quality of people’s lives. What are the practical ways to reduce it?

🐶 Problem Solution Essay Topics about Animals

Animals have existed on our planet way before the emergence of humans. As time went by, many species vanished or became endangered due to people’s activities. Factory farms, fur industry, poaching— all of these issues require a solution. If you’re passionate about this topic, try exploring one of the following prompts.

• Circus animals are often violently forced to jump through rings of fire, ride bicycles, and do other activities. How can we stop the use of wild animals in circuses?
• Experiments on animals lead to reduced quality of their life and are often ineffective. How can we help stop this practice?
• Hunting causes pain and suffering to animals and disrupts the patterns created in the animal communities, such as wolf packs. How can people reduce hunting?
• The animals in zoos are deprived of natural habitat and are forced to be near people. How can we make zoos as comfortable as possible for them?
• The fur industry takes millions of animals’ lives away. How can people stop it?
• One of the issues animal shelters face is the lack of public awareness. What are the strategies to improve their work?
• Many animals live in abusive environments, where they’re neglected or physically hurt. What are the solutions to this problem?
• Dog Hunters Association argues for the right to use dogs in hunting. How can we change their attitude towards animals?
• Dogs from puppy mills are often poorly treated and suffer from a variety of diseases. How can this practice be stopped?
• Due to human activities, many animals are on the brink of extinction. How can we protect endangered species ?
• Dog meat is still used for human consumption in some parts of Asia. What are the ways to stop the inhumane trade?
• Some animal species are sold, either alive or dead, to various countries. What are the ways to stop the wildlife trade and keep animals safe in their natural environment?
• One of the primary reasons for animal extinction is poaching . What are the solutions to this issue?
• After adopting animals, some people decide that they no longer want them and send them to shelters. How can we prevent this from happening?
• Killing horses for meat is inhumane, and horse meat consumption is dangerous. How can we stop these practices?
• With more forests being cleared for farming and building, wild animals lose their natural habitats. How can people make safer environments for them?
• Ring fighting leaves animals with severe wounds that might lead to death. What can we do to stop it?
• Some countries continue to kill whales for commercial purposes, which threatens their existence. How can we stop whaling?
• The continuation of the ivory trade results in thousands of elephants being killed annually. What actions should be taken to stop it?
• Factory farms work to maximize profit, which is why animals are kept in inhumane conditions. What are the ways to reduce this cruelty?

🔬 Science & Technology Problem Solutions Topics

Scientific and technological processes are complicated and riddled with issues. Advances in these fields increase as well as worsen the quality of human life. In case you’re interested in science or technology, have a look at these problem solution essay topics.

• With the widespread use of technology, students can find everything online, which affects their critical thinking . What are the most effective ways to preserve this ability?
• There’s a price we have to pay for living in a digital age . It includes the loss of online data privacy. What is the best way to maintain it?
• To run research, scientists need large amounts of money, which often becomes an issue. How can they get more funding?
• A significant percentage of research papers contain wrong results due to poor study design . What is the best way to improve it?
• Scientists rarely want to replicate existing research. The results might turn out insignificant, and some studies are too hard to replicate. How can scientists be encouraged to do it nevertheless?
• Peer review is meant to prevent poor-quality works from being published. Yet, it doesn’t always work. How can the peer review system be fixed?
• Often, not everyone can access a published study due to journals being expensive. How can we make knowledge more accessible?
• Many people are unaware of scientific research in crucial areas such as nutrition . What is the best way to communicate scientific facts to a larger population?
• Cyber attacks are a significant threat to many businesses, as they involve the theft of large amounts of information. What are the ways to prevent them from happening?
• Artificial intelligence implementation creates new challenges, such as the risk of unemployment. How can we solve emerging technological problems?
• Technological advances allowed some countries to transition to cashless societies . While it has many advantages, it also creates some security concerns. What is the best solution for these issues?
• With technology advancing at a quicker pace, it is harder to find talented personnel to work with it. How can you help the employees to adapt to new technologies?
• While many researchers have ideas for studies, only a few get financial support for them. How can the government support scientists more effectively?

• Mobile apps, social media, and games distract people from the real world. How can we stop smartphone addiction ?
• Many graduating Ph.D. students have limited training for jobs outside of academic research. What can universities do to change the situation for the better?
• Wearable computers, such as Apple Watch , have become very convenient. Yet, they create additional privacy and security issues. How can we overcome the challenges of body-borne computers?
• Cyberbullying victims might experience psychological issues, such as depression, anxiety, and social exclusion. What is the best way to prevent it?
• Environmental issues, such as air and water pollution , negatively affect the quality of life. How can technology help us save the environment?
• Scientists are often obligated to publish research only with statistically significant results. How can bias towards certain studies be eliminated?
• The constant stress and underpayment cause talented people to quit their careers in science. How can they be encouraged to continue working in their field?

🏠 Local Problem Solution Essay Topics

Another excellent idea for your essay is to write about the problems in your community. Think about the issues that need to be resolved, and start your writing. These topics will facilitate your creativity.

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• A significant number of people view affordability of healthcare as a pressing problem, as it is quite expensive. How can healthcare costs be reduced in your community?
• Children may be exposed to hazardous labor, which can harm their health. What can be done to stop child labor in your country?
• Youth violence increases the possibility of future behavior and mental health problems. How can people stop this type of violent behavior in your community?
• The rise in rent prices makes housing hard to afford. How can housing in your country be improved?
• People who leave school or college often feel unprepared for work. This makes them feel anxious about getting a job. How can school leavers in your country be helped to get employed?
• When they get older, many young adults struggle to manage their finances. What is the best way to improve financial literacy in your community?
• A good internet connection has become a necessity for many people. This also made access to high-speed internet a major issue. How can you solve this problem in your local community?
• Drug addiction is a public health problem that affects many people, especially youth. What are the solutions to the drug abuse problem in your country?
• Traffic congestion causes environmental issues, as well as vehicle breakdowns. What is the best way to stop this in your country?
• Poverty leads to a lack of education, malnutrition, social exclusion, and limited access to other essential services. How can this problem be solved in your country?
• Crime can cause short-term problems, like an injury , and long-term ones, such as depression or PTSD . How can illegal behavior be reduced in your community?
• After graduating from college, many students face difficulties in finding a job. How can educational institutions in your country help graduates get employed?
• Public transportation can be frustrating with its inflexibility and delays. How can it be improved in your country?
• Lack of car parking areas is a common problem in urban areas. How can people solve this issue in your city?
• Junk food advertisements target children, which later leads to an increase in childhood obesity. How can we protect young people in your country from being affected by these advertisements?
• Hate crime affects the security of individuals and societies as a whole. How can such crimes be prevented in your community?
• Corruption is a global issue that negatively affects the economic and political systems of the country. What are the measures to resolve this issue in your state?
• Low fertility rates reduce the population size of a country. If your country has low birth rates, how can it be improved?
• Media propaganda has the potential of promoting violent behavior and reducing trust in the government. How should this problem be dealt with in your country?
• The number of acts of domestic violence against women, men, and children continues to grow drastically in many societies. How should these cases be handled in your country?

😄 Funny & Easy Problem Solution Essay Topics

Problems are not always serious and yet require a solution. Whether it’s a choice of cereal or a friend zone, it’s an issue that has to be dealt with. Take a look at the funny problem solution essay topics list, and choose the one you like the most.

• We often buy items that we never use afterward. How can we prevent ourselves from buying unnecessary stuff ?
• Your favorite soccer team keeps losing, and it’s affecting your mood. What’s the best way to cope with this continuous disappointment?
• You’ve invented a cool, new nickname for yourself. How do you get people to use it?
• You love playing League of Legends with your friend. They’re the worst support, but they insist on having this role. What should you do about it?
• Santa Claus is a beloved figure for many children. But they can’t believe in him forever. How should parents tell their kids that Santa isn’t real?
• Water is crucial to human survival. Still, some people don’t like its bland taste. How can you stay hydrated without resorting to unhealthy, sugary drinks?
• Happiness matters, as it makes people feel at ease. What can you do to make your community happier?
• Your partner loves jazz while you prefer death metal. How do you overcome this musical discrepancy?

• A sturdy case can ruin the appearance even of the most beautiful phone. How can one compromise effectively on this issue?
• House parties are fun, but your neighbors probably disagree. How can you throw a noisy party without upsetting those who live close by?
• It’s hard to keep up the spark in long-distance relationships. Conversations via Zoom quickly get boring. What are fun things a couple can do together on the internet?
• Many people believe that legalizing marijuana will reduce its consumption levels and solve social and economic issues. What are the other solutions to cannabis use?
• Taking a perfect selfie requires much patience. How can you make creating a fantastic picture of yourself easier?
• Pizza is great, but it’s not particularly healthy. How can you upgrade your favorite junk food to make it more nourishing?
• Studies have shown that growing houseplants is good for the mood. But what do you do if you simply don’t have a green thumb?
• Exercising is important, but it’s not fun for everyone. What can unathletic people do to stay fit without suffering?
• Being the funny one among friends often prevents people from taking you seriously. What can change people’s attitude towards you?
• Some people face the issue of “having a lot of clothes, but nothing to wear.” How can we fix this problem?
• Your friends want to go on a trip soon, but you’re broke. What are the best strategies for students to save $100 in four weeks?

🤔 Other Problem Solution Essay Topics

• What can we do about the problem of smoking in teenagers?
• Obesity as a global problem of modern society
• Reading problems and how to help students with reading disabilities
• The solutions to environmental effects of e-waste
• Potential solutions to noise pollution
• The migration issue and how to solve it
• The discussion and solution of COVID-19 ethical dilemma
• The problem of lack of parking in big cities and how to help it
• Nursing shortage as a national healthcare issue
• Agriculture in Honduras: existing challenges and possible solutions
• The issue of patient safety
• The problem of safety and efficiency amidst staff deficiency
• The problem of substance abuse and mental health issues within the homeless African American community
• The issue of medically assisted suicide
• The problem of obesity in India
• Medicare challenges and issues facing America
• The problem of institutional racism: effects and possible solutions
• Contemporary issues in health care delivery
• Solution of every-day problems: scientific method
• The issue of genetically modified crops
• Librarian management consultancy: challenges and solutions
• The software patent issues in China
• The solution to compassion fatigue and related issues in nursing
• Is e-cigarettes smoking a solution?
• Problems in a contemporary health environment and how to overcome them
• American government contemporary issues
• Can obesity problem be solved by proper nutrition and exercise?
• Diversity and cross-cultural issues in the global workplace
• Ethical issues and dilemmas in business
• Finding solutions for ethical dilemma
• Translating Emirati proverbs: problems and solutions
• How to solve traffic congestion in my school district
• The Rock Blocks company’s recruiting issues and solutions
• Staffing problem solution: HR metrics and workforce analytics
• Solving the health problems of the United States
• Possible solutions to health disparities
• Problems of sitting for long and their solutions
• Will banning plastic bags not solve pollution problem?
• Problem of predicting fluid responsiveness and its solution
• Escalating drug prices: the ways to avoid the problem
• The best way to address obesity in the United States
• Solution to the world poverty problem
• Gun violence: the ways to overcome the issue
• Design solutions for improving website quality and effectiveness
• Is simplification the best way to express ideas?
• Fairtrade: better solution to underdevelopment
• The problem of drug addiction in America and the solutions to it
• Can charging children as adults solve juvenile criminal problems?
• Stress in law: reasons and solutions
• The ways to solve the increasing incidence of criminals reverting
• Communication solutions for atmospheric scientist
• Are financial rewards the best way to increase work motivation?
• The environmental effects of the deforestation problem and how to solve it
• Recycling: finding the solution
• The use of the Internet to solve crimes
• The solution to social inequality and discrimination
• Encryption as a corporate security technological solution
• Principal threats to a building efficiency research and ways to overcome them
• Lack of social tolerance as the cause of discriminatory behavior problem and its solutions
• Environmental problems and their potential solutions
• Why technostress is harmful to psychological well-being and ways to reduce it
• Infant’s health: growth problems and solutions
• Community policing: the alternative solution to youth crime
• Strategies to overcome the organization’s problem due to community losses
• Metropolitan police service: identity management solution
• The problem of sexual harassment in the army and the ways to eliminate it
• Reasons of anti-Asian crimes and ways to deal with the problem
• Green logistics: implementation issues and solutions
• Technological solutions for effective communication
• Ways to defend against cyber terrorism
• Workplace conflict problem and its solutions
• Doha negotiations: possible solutions and outcomes
• Handling difficult conversations and ways to avoid conflict escalation
• Healthcare in Canada: problems and solutions
• Problem of verbal orders in medicine and how to overcome it
• Law contracts and ways to break the contract
• Cinemark USA, Inc.: problems and solutions
• Air pollution solutions: how to improve air quality
• The problem of homelessness in Los Angeles and the ways to reduce it
• Jamaica’s economy: problems and solutions
• Solutions to poverty in urban areas
• Australian economy: economic problems and ways of its solving
• Decrease the disparity between rich and poor solution
• Lebanon’s environmental problems and solutions
• Ways of treating obesity in older patients
• The global water crisis: issues and the ways to avoid them
• The Bauer school’s parking problem and solution
• Ways of reducing human trafficking of children
• Heartland payment system data breach problem solution
• Immigration policy in US. problem and how to solve it
• The ways to overcome the investment problem
• The problem of dysfunctional companies and its solution
• Du Bois vs. Washington: racist problem solution
• Fad diets’ impact on human health: problem solution
• Environmental challenges for NAFTA and how to solve them
• Three solutions to the problem of pollution externalities
• Buying things to solve personal problems
• Remington Peckinpah Davis Inc.’s problem solution
• Problem solution: best snacks INC.
• Solutions to the problem of steroids in sports and athletics
• Problem solution: global communications
• The problem of global warming and ways of its solution
• Cyber-bullying and ways to solve the problem
• Losses of personal data: problem and solution
• Obamacare: the solution to the healthcare problem
• The problem of Palestinian-Israeli conflict and viable solution
• The problem of coral reef depletion and how to address it
• Social security long-term solvency problems
• Economic crisis: bailout plan as solution
• The problem of anterior spacing in dentistry female patients and possible solutions
• Rising sea levels: how to reduce the global concern
• Organ trafficking problem and policy solution
• Cultural issues and their solutions in project management
• Transforming the Texas plant: possible solutions to the problems
• Nursing understaffing and evidence-based solution
• Critical thinking to solve hard problems
• Healthcare disparities and the ways to overcome them
• Pressure injury prevention: evidence-based solution
• Nursing stress solutions: benefits and support
• The problem of violence in nursing and its solutions
• What is the best way to stimulate economic growth?
• Decision making process in management: problem solving
• Pressure ulcers issue and defense of solution
• Land pollution and ways to minimize pollution in the US
• Vancouver’s housing crisis and solution
• The problem of stress and solutions for working students
• Seven ways to find help in starting a business
• Courtelaney Pass police department: potential problem solutions
• The problem of plagiarism, its reasons and solutions
• Ways of managing conflict
• Political corruption and how to address it
• Low wages and inequality problem and its solutions in the USA
• Child abuse and ways for its elimination
• The problem of infant mortality issue in India: possible solutions
• Domestic violence problem and the ways to overcome them
• Ways of avoiding cross-cultural miscommunication
• Risk incidence solution to the problem of substance use disorder
• Is assisted suicide a humane solution?
• Successful ways of preventing crime by Blundell
• Iron seeding oceans: global warming solution

Thank you for reading this article! Hopefully, these topics will help you write your problem-solution essay. Also, don’t forget to send this article to your friends, who might find it useful!

Further reading:

• 182 Free Ideas for Argumentative or Persuasive Essay Topics
• 200 Creative Topics for Opinion Essays
• 180 Excellent Evaluation Essay Topics
• 140 Classification Essay Topics and Ideas
• 150+ Excellent Narrative Essay Topics
• 260 Good Descriptive Essay Topics and Writing Tips
• 135 Creative Definition Essay Topics and Writing Tips
• Prewriting for Problem Solution Essays: Thoughtful Learning
• Structuring Your Essay: Solent University
• Analyzing Community Problems and Solutions: The University of Kansas
• 10 Major Challenges Facing Public Schools: Public School Review
• Major Issues in Education: 20 Hot Topics: Trade Schools
• The 10 Biggest Challenges Businesses Face Today (and Need Consultants for): Hiscox UK
• How to Overcome Financial Stress and Improve Finances: Bank of America
• The Most Important Health Problems (and Why They Matter): Harvard
• 5 Health Problems You’re Actually Not Too Young For: John Hopkins Medicine
• 10 Health Problems Related to Stress that You Can Actually Fix: WebMD
• Top 25 Environmental Concerns: Conserve Energy Future
• All Our Fights: The Humane Society of the United States
• The 7 Biggest Problems Facing Science, According to 270 Scientists: Vox
• Problems that Face Urban, Suburban, and Rural Communities in America: Pew Research Center
• 14 Major Tech Issues & What Can Solve Them: Built In
• Five of the World′s Biggest Environmental Problems: DW.com
• Top 10 Most Common Health Issues: University of Rochester
• Against the Environment. Problems in Society/Nature Relations: Frontiers
• Business Financing Problems: Chron.com
• Social Issues and Community Interactions: The National Academies Press
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Problem Solution Essays

A problem-solution essay is a type of argumentative writing that addresses a specific problem and proposes one or more solutions. It requires not only critical thinking and analysis but also creativity and foresight to propose effective solutions. Writing a problem-solution essay involves identifying a problem that is both significant and relevant, exploring its various facets, and suggesting actionable solutions that are both practical and innovative. This article will guide you through the process of crafting a compelling problem-solution essay, from conceptualization to structure.

What Is Problem Solution Essay

A problem-solution essay is an essay that describes a problem in detail and presents a clear solution or a set of solutions to that problem. It aims to convince the reader that the problem is significant and needs addressing, and that the proposed solution(s) is both feasible and effective. This type of essay is common in academic settings and other contexts that require critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It emphasizes not only the identification of a problem but also the proactive search for solutions that can improve or resolve the situation.

How to Start a Problem Solution Essay

Starting a problem-solution essay involves several key steps:

• Identify a Problem: Choose a problem that is relevant and significant to your audience. It should be something with clear implications that require addressing.
• Research Thoroughly: Conduct comprehensive research to understand all dimensions of the problem. This includes its causes, effects, stakeholders involved, and any previous attempts at solutions.
• Formulate a Thesis Statement: Your thesis statement should clearly state the problem and hint at the solution you will propose. It serves as the foundation of your essay, guiding your argument and analysis.
• Outline Your Essay: Plan the structure of your essay. An outline helps organize your thoughts and ensures you cover both the problem and the solution adequately.

Why Does the Thesis Statement Matter?

The thesis statement is crucial in a problem-solution essay because it:

• Establishes the Purpose: It clearly defines the purpose of your essay, focusing on the specific problem you aim to address and the solution you propose.
• Guides the Structure: A strong thesis statement provides a roadmap for your essay, indicating how you will explore the problem and elaborate on your proposed solution.
• Engages the Reader: By presenting a compelling problem and hinting at an innovative solution, your thesis statement piques the reader’s interest and encourages them to read further to understand your argument and analysis.

How to Write a Structure for Problem Solution Essay

A well-structured problem-solution essay enhances clarity and persuasiveness. Here’s a suggested structure:

Introduction

• Start with a hook to capture the reader’s attention, such as a startling fact or a personal anecdote related to the problem.
• Provide background information to set the context for the problem.
• Present your thesis statement, defining the problem and indicating your proposed solution.
• Problem Description: Detail the problem, including its causes and effects. Use evidence from your research to underscore its significance and the need for a solution.
• Solution Proposal: Present your solution(s) to the problem. For each solution, describe how it addresses the problem, including steps for implementation and potential obstacles. Use evidence to argue for its feasibility and effectiveness.
• Evaluation: Compare your proposed solution(s) with existing solutions, if any, to highlight its advantages and innovations.

Final Thoughts

• Summarize the problem and the proposed solution(s), reinforcing the importance of action.
• Restate the thesis in the context of the information presented in your essay.
• End with a call to action, encouraging the reader to consider or adopt your proposed solution.

Writing a problem-solution essay is a valuable exercise in critical and creative thinking. By carefully selecting a significant problem, conducting thorough research, crafting a clear thesis statement, and structuring your essay to effectively argue for a practical solution, you can produce a compelling and insightful essay. Remember, the key to a successful problem-solution essay lies in presenting a well-defined problem and proposing a solution that is both innovative and feasible, encouraging your readers to see the possibilities for positive change.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How to start a problem solution essay.

Introduce the problem with a compelling description or statistic, and state your proposed solution or thesis.

How Can A Topic Web Help You Write A Problem-and-solution Essay?

It organizes your thoughts, visually mapping out the problem, possible solutions, and their potential impacts or outcomes.

Which Advice Would Weaken A Problem Solution Essay?

Suggesting a solution that is vague, unrealistic, or unrelated to the root causes of the problem.

What Is The Usual Purpose Of A Problem-and-solution Essay?

To identify a specific problem and propose one or more solutions, convincing the reader of the solutions' viability.

What Are Good Problem Solution Essay Topics?

Topics that are current, relevant, and have feasible solutions, such as environmental issues, social injustices, or educational challenges.

How To Write Introduction For Problem Solution Essay?

Start with a hook to grab interest, describe the problem succinctly, and state your solution thesis.

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• Academic practice
• General practice
• Task 1 Academic
• Task 1 General
• Task 2 (essay)

IELTS Writing: problem and solution essay

In this lesson you’ll learn how to answer problems/solutions questions in IELTS Writing . This type of questions gives you an issue and asks you to describe some common problems associated with it and propose some possible solutions.

• See problem-solution question sample
• Learn how to generate ideas
• Learn band 9 answering strategies
• See full band 9 answer

Question sample

This is an example of problem-solution question in IELTS Writing:

Despite a large number of gyms, a sedentary lifestyle is gaining popularity in the contemporary world.

What problems are associated with this?

What solutions can you suggest?

How to answer the question?

Before starting to write your answer, you should think of 1-2 problems and 1-2 solutions, so you know what to write about. In our case:

Problems associated with sedentary lifestyle :

• problems with backbone (osteoporosis, scoliosis)

Solutions :

• promote walking and cycling as safe and attractive alternatives to motorized transport
• promote visiting gyms and doing exercises

Now, after we’ve generated some ideas for our essay, it’s time to use them in our writing .

Remember : it’s not enough to simply state these facts, you should also extend the ideas in your writing.

Band 9 answer structure

Although there are many possible ways to structure your essay, we’ll use this band 9 answer structure that has been approved by many IELTS examiners:

Band-9 essay structure:

• Introduction
• Body paragraph 1 - problems
• Body paragraph 2 - effects

Let’s take a look at each of these sections in detail:

Introduction Write your introduction in two sentences:

• Sentence 1 - paraphrase the statement (you can use ‘nowadays/today/these days’ to start):

These days a sedentary lifestyle is becoming more and more popular despite a big number of sport facilities.

• Sentence 2 - say what you’ll write about in your essay:

This essay will discuss the main problems associated with this epidemic and propose some possible solutions to avoid them.

Body paragraph 1- problems

• Sentence 1 - summarise the main problems of inactive lifestyle:

The main problems caused by inactive lifestyle are obesity and various spine disorders.

• Sentences 2-3 - state and explain the first problem (you can also give an example). It’s very important to expand your opinion! Imagine that your examiner doesn’t know this subject at all and you have to explain everything in detail:

A growing number of body research shows that long periods of physical inactivity raise a risk of becoming overweight. This is because people burn fewer calories and easily gain weight.

• Sentences 4-5 - describe the second problem (as usual, expand your opinion). You can give an example and use linking words ‘ moreover’ , ’ what’s more’ or ‘ also ’ to start:

What’s more, a lot of studies show that so-called ‘sitting disease’ often results in posture and backbone problems. Due to constant sitting, person loses muscle tissue and curves spine, developing numerous spinal diseases. For example, it has been proven that about 80% of people experience backache at least once a week.

Body paragraph 2 - solutions

• Sentence 1 - briefly state the main solutions:

In my opinion, the best solution to this problem is promoting active lifestyle.

• Sentences 2-3 - write the first solution and explain it:

Firstly, millions of people stay less active because they use cars instead of walking. Therefore, an effective way to make people more active is to advertise walking and cycling as safe and attractive alternatives to motorized transport.

Moreover, inactive lifestyle is gaining popularity because nowadays a lot of people prefer passive rest to workouts in the gym. And the best way to avoid the hazards of unhealthy living is to obtain a regular dose of physical activity. Thus, promoting gyms and regular exercising would increase the level of activity.

Write your conclusion in 2 sentences by summing up the problems and solutions you’ve written in your body paragraphs:

In conclusion, leading a sedentary lifestyle causes a lot of health problems, including obesity and spinal diseases. The most effective solution is to increase the level of fitness among the society by advertising physical activity.

Band 9 answer sample

These days a sedentary lifestyle is becoming more and more popular despite a big number of sport facilities. This essay will discuss the main problems associated with this epidemic and propose some possible solutions to avoid them.

The main problems caused by inactive lifestyle are obesity and various spine disorders. A growing number of body research shows that long periods of physical inactivity raise a risk of becoming overweight. This is because people burn fewer calories and easily gain weight. What’s more, a lot of studies show that so-called ‘sitting disease’ often results in posture and backbone problems. Due to constant sitting, person loses muscle tissue and curves spine, developing numerous spinal diseases. For example, it has been proven that about 80% of people experience backache at least once a week.

In my opinion, the best solution to these problems is promoting active lifestyle. Firstly, millions of people stay less active because they use cars instead of walking. Therefore, an effective way to make people more active is to advertise walking and cycling as safe and attractive alternatives to motorized transport. Moreover, inactive lifestyle is gaining popularity because nowadays a lot of people prefer passive rest to workouts in the gym. And the best way to avoid the hazards of unhealthy living is to obtain a regular dose of physical activity. Thus, promoting gyms and regular exercising would increase the level of activity.

(268 words)

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An Ultimate Guide to Writing IELTS Problem Solution Essays

Updated On Nov 08, 2023

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Introduction

The IELTS problem solution essays are a type of IELTS writing task 2 essay that asks you to discuss a problem and propose possible solutions. These problem solution essays are designed to assess your ability to identify, analyze, and evaluate problems, as well as your ability to develop and articulate effective solutions.

The IELTS problem solution essay topics can be drawn from a variety of sources and are based on real-world situations and issues. Therefore, to do well in writing task 2, it is important to be familiar with the range of IELTS problem solution essay topics.

Identifying IELTS Problem Solution Essays

Each essay type has a unique structure, so it’s important to identify the type of essay you’re writing before you start. Problem solution essays in IELTS are often worded as follows:

It is important to be able to identify the common synonyms, words, and phrases used in problem solution questions. Here are the key words and their synonyms used in the examples above:

• Problem : issues, resulting, situation
• Cause : reasons, why
• Solution : deal with, addressed, tackled, remedied, improved, measures taken, solved, prevent

However, you will mostly be asked to write about both the problem and its solution. The first part of the question will state the problem or cause, and the second part will ask you to identify solutions.

How to Write a Problem Solution Essay IELTS?

To plan and write a problem solution essay IELTS, you can follow these steps:

• Understand the question

The first step is to carefully read the question and understand what is being asked. You should identify the problem, the cause(s) of the problem, and the required solution(s).

• Brainstorm your ideas

Once you understand the question, take some time to brainstorm your ideas. What are the different aspects of the problem? What are the possible causes? What are the different solutions that could be implemented?

• Organize your ideas

Once you have a good understanding of the problem and its possible solutions, it is time to organize your ideas into a logical structure.

• Write your essay

When writing your essay, be sure to use clear and concise language. Avoid using complex sentences and jargon. You should also support your claims with evidence from credible sources.

• Proofread your essay

Once you have finished writing your essay, be sure to proofread it carefully for any errors in grammar, spelling, or punctuation.

Now that we have understood how to write a problem solution essay, let’s have a look at the structure of a problem solution essay.

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Structure of Problem Solution Essay

Let’s do an example problem solution essay to understand the above mentioned structure.

Problem Solution Essay Example with Structure

Introduction:.

• Before you begin writing your problem solution essay,  read  the question and  identify  the problem/ solution.
• Note down the ideas that come to your mind naturally. For example, look at the table below.
• Choose one of the  problems  and discuss it in detail. Here’s an example:
• Problem : Dumping of industrial wastes into the nearby water bodies.
• Solution : They must be treated, purified and recycled.
• Wastewater treatment
• Biodegradable products
• Water bodies such as lakes, rivers etc

You should paraphrase the question and outline the problem and solution in your introduction as mentioned below:

Body Paragraph 1:

The body paragraph 1 must be organised as follows:

• Main body paragraph 1:  Letting out of industrial wastes in nearby water bodies
• Central idea:  Industries are increasing in number.
• Explanation : There are no strict rules in place regarding the environment. So industries let out their wastes into the nearby water bodies such as lakes, rivers, etc which affects the respective eco-system and thereby leading to more serious issues.
• Example : As installing a wastewater treatment plant is an additional burden and is costly, it is easier to let the waste water into the nearby water bodies as nobody questions this.

The completed main body paragraph 1 will look like this :

Body Paragraph 2:

The body paragraph 2 must be organised as follows:

• Main body paragraph 2:  Industrial wastewater treatment
• Central idea:  Installing Industrial waste water treatment plants could be beneficial to the environment.
• Explanation : Industrial wastewater treatment illustrates the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries into a by-product. The treated industrial wastewater may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer.
• Examples:  There are proven records for reducing water pollution after wastewater treatment.

The completed main body paragraph 2 will look like this :

Conclusion:

• Make sure to sum up all that has been in the previous paragraphs.
• Use words like in summary, to summarise, to conclude, or as a conclusion, etc.

The final conclusion will look like this:

Therefore, the finished essay will have the following structure:

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Common Mistakes to Avoid in IELTS Problem Solution Essays

Following are some of the Common mistakes that should be avoided in IELTS problem solution essays

• Not understanding the difference between a problem and its causes.
• Trying to include too many ideas in the essay, without developing them fully.
• Not considering both sides of the argument equally.
• Not linking the problems to the solutions.
• Not being specific enough in the discussion of the problems and solutions.

Read:  All Useful IELTS Writing Lessons & Websites

Tips for IELTS Problem Solution Essays

Here are some of the tips to follow while practicing or writing an IELTS Problem Solution Essays:

• Read and understand the instructions given in the question (sometimes the question might ask to write about the cause of the issue as well).
• Follow the word count (no less than 250 words)
• Plan the problems and solutions you wish to write about, before starting to write.
• Start the essay with an introduction paragraph and conclude it with a conclusion paragraph, with the body paragraph between the two.
• If you’re asked to write about both, cause and the solution, then you can write the cause in one body paragraph and the solution in the next body paragraph.

Pro tip:  To avoid a low score in IELTS problem solution essays, focus on one or two problems and identify specific solutions. Explain the problems and solutions in detail, with examples.

Check out some of the  Recent Writing Task 2 Essay Topics for IELTS 2023

Problem Solution Essay IELTS Topics:

Here are some sample IELTS problem solution essay topics:

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can I write cause and solution in the same paragraph?

How to write a solution paragraph?

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Janice Thompson

Soon after graduating with a Master’s in Literature from Southern Arkansas University, she joined an institute as an English language trainer. She has had innumerous student interactions and has produced a couple of research papers on English language teaching. She soon found that non-native speakers struggled to meet the English language requirements set by foreign universities. It was when she decided to jump ship into IELTS training. From then on, she has been mentoring IELTS aspirants. She joined IELTSMaterial about a year ago, and her contributions have been exceptional. Her essay ideas and vocabulary have taken many students to a band 9.

Explore other Problem Solution Essays

Nehasri Ravishenbagam

Kasturika Samanta

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Posted on Jan 5, 2024

indeed you are excellent\ every one must use them

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I hope the sample questions will help me ace the exam!!! Thank you for the resources.

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Obesity as a Worldwide Problem and Its Solution Essay

Introduction, what exactly is obesity, reasons of obesity, healthy eating habits – the only solution, survey page.

The progress of a nation solely rests on the citizens. Of greater significance are their socio-economic, political conditions. A huge sum is spent every year by the government for the welfare of the subjects. With the change in policies every year, a novel decision is taken up. These decisions cater to individual interests in the larger interest of society in general.

Unfortunately, the world now witnesses an unhealthy scenario caused due to socio-economic, political imbalances. They affect the physical and mental health of individuals. Perhaps, one of the most glaring problems of the day seems to be obesity. Once, considered a symbol of wealth and social status, physical attractiveness, strength, and fertility by certain European cultures, western culture takes a negative stand on it. The obese are unattractive and negative stereotypes. They are a social stigma, targets of bullies, and shunned by peers. Above all, obesity is seen as a sign of lower socioeconomic status, more a medical condition in modern western culture. Ironically, the USA accounts for 64.5% of its population either overweight or obese.

The Times America has reported, “It’s not healthy to be obese, and if we keep going the way we are headed, the long-term medical costs may be more than we can bear” (Americas Obesity Crisis, 2004).

The problem of obesity is a worldwide issue that needs due attention. It has been medically proved that obesity could be fatal. What exactly is obesity? “The natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of human and other mammals is increased to a point where it is associated with certain health conditions or increased mortality. It is viewed as a serious and growing health problem which gives birth to certain other diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, sleep apnea and osteoarthritis” (Obesity, 2008).

Visit: www win.niddk.gov/publications/health_risks.htm# sleep for more information on the relationship between sleep apnea and obesity.

BMI (body mass index) is a widely used method for estimating body fat. Calculated by dividing the subject’s weight by the square of his/her height, typically expressed either in metric or US “Customary” units, a frightening score could take away the cheer from every face.

The dreaded physical condition has umpteen reasons for its attack, the main being a sedentary lifestyle. The last quarter of the 20th century has witnessed a rapid acceleration of obesity in western society. Hence, it remains a persistent problem.

To arrive at a definite reason for a large number of obese in a nation, it would be sufficient to note the patterns of lifestyles of each individual. It would also suffice if the socio-economic conditions are taken into consideration. It would be wise to elaborate on the principal causes of this condition and arrive at a suitable solution to it.

The primary reason is we have seen earlier is an increasingly sedentary lifestyle and lack of activity. This causes the deposits of excess fat principally in the abdomen areas and hence enlargements of muscles concerned. Yet another reason could be the lower relative cost of foodstuffs. This enables people of all walks of life to take in food whether necessary or unnecessary. Increased marketing, accounts for the innumerable stock of junk food, preferred by children and adults alike. In two-income households, the clock never ticks in the kitchen, the occupants never bother to take care of their health. Food is often taken from restaurants where delicious and sumptuous food three or more times a day causes unhealthy eating habits.

Regular exercise and eating right are considered to be the best solution to the problem. Exercise requires energy (calories) stored as body fat. The body breaks down its fat stored to provide energy during prolonged aerobic exercise. Medical help ranging from pills to surgery is recommended in certain extreme cases of obesity. The probable reasons could be thyroid malfunction or other organ dysfunction.

It is the only problem that needs immediate remedy as the sufferers not only undergo physical torture but also mental anguish. In the years to come, a significant number of Americans could turn against themselves and the results could lead to disaster and deaths. I could sound embarrassing. But there is enough evidence to prove that the silent sufferers end up taking their own lives due to social pressures and inhospitable environment.

Concrete measures in this direction must be enforced by the government. Citizens should be given proper guidance. Measures to enhance awareness should be designed.

It is pathetic that America, the world’s most developed country has the ‘smallest fund of practical nutritional knowledge’ (Obesity in America).

To illustrate this point, Dr. Dean Ornish. M.D- Cardiologist said in an interview, “I’d love to be able to tell people that bacon and eggs are health food, but they are not.” “An easier way a fewer calorie is not just to change the amount of food but the type of food, because fat has 9 calories per gram, whereas protein and carbohydrates have only 4. So when you eat less fat, you eat fewer calories without having to eat less food.” (Interview Dean Ornish, M. D, 2004).

Dr. Ornish’s book Eat More, Weigh Less is based on this concept.

His method has been scientifically proven because it is based on abundance rather than on deprivation.

“You can eat when you’re hungry, you can eat until you’re full, and you still lose weight and keep it off…..” (Ornish).

Dr.Ornish further claims that his diet has been proven to stop or reduce heart disease and has been backed up by scientific studies. His claim and findings cannot be written off as our ancestors led a healthy life as they fed on food coming directly from the land. Obesity wasn’t even a word.

With modern technology, change in American diet and lifestyle, eating fast food, microwave dinners, and a diet of packaged, processed, and refined foods, the American finds himself digging his own grave. People with determination and a will to survive have succeeded in being healthy again. Alas! The number of such people is only a handful. Inevitably, processed food, fast foods, meat products, high sugar, and high sodium food have to be substituted by whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes.

To substantiate the above statement, Nathan Sorensen, a leading dietician has outlined 10 important tips for a healthy eating habit.

• Eat breakfast daily.
• Plan your daily meals.
• Pack a fruit snack for the commute.
• Choose the smaller portion food entrée’s, if you eat out for lunch.
• Eat a snack when you get home; tortillas with salsa.
• Before grocery shopping, write a shopping list.
• Plan and prepare fish and vegetable meals weekly.
• Choose not to add fat to prepared foods.
• Eat dinner every night before 7.30P.M.
• Have a snack an hour or so before food. (Sorensen, 2008).

There have been innumerable articles, journals, and books written on this concern. Medical science has advanced to such an extent that it can provide a remedy to almost all ailments. Health is probably the only field wherein the individual has to equip himself before approaching his specialist on his predicament. The most important factor seems to be willpower and self- control. Yet another fact is a change in his lifestyle. The doctor is only a medium through which the individual can find a solution to his ailment, but the ultimate cure lies in the hands of the patient.

A nation can be adjudged the best by the quality of its products, its approach on the socio-economic and political fronts, individual expertise, and above all health. America stands ahead of all the nations in the world in all the above respects except, general health. This problem has assumed a gigantic proportion which requires total co-operation to the reduction of its size. By total co-operation, I mean the individual, the market, the government, and medical science sitting together to arrive at an amicable solution.

Americas Obesity Crisis . Time Online addition. 2004. Web.

Obesity . Wikipedia. 2008. Web.

Obesity Trends. ObesityinAmerica.org. 1991-2003. Web.

Obesity in America . Down to Earth. Natural Foods .2008. Web.

Ornish, Dean M. D.Interview Frontline. 2004. Web.

Sorensen, Nathan. Obesity in America. Food & Nutrition . 2008. Web.

To show the depth of the gravity of the situation, a survey was conducted and the results obtained was quite alarming. Nearly, 65% of adults in America are prone to obesity due to circumstances of the modern man’s life.

The percent obese graph listed below supports the view.

Age group 1991 1995 1998 2000 2001

18-29 7.1 10.1 12.1 13.5 14

30-39 11.3 14.4 16.9 20.2 20.5

40-49 15.8 17.9 21.2 22.9 24.7

50-59 16.1 21.6 23.8 25.6 26.1

60-69 14.7 19.4 21.3 22.9 25.3

>.70 11.4 12.1 14.6 15.5 17.1

An alarming upward trend is seen. (Obesity Trends, 1991-2003).

The US has the highest rate of obesity in the developed world. In 2004, the CDC reported that 66.3% of the adults in the US are overweight or obese. True but unbelievable, a stressful mentally and insufficient sleep could also result in obesity. Genetic reasons seem to be silent killers in this direction.

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, March 1). Obesity as a Worldwide Problem and Its Solution. https://ivypanda.com/essays/obesity-as-a-worldwide-problem-and-its-solution/

"Obesity as a Worldwide Problem and Its Solution." IvyPanda , 1 Mar. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/obesity-as-a-worldwide-problem-and-its-solution/.

IvyPanda . (2024) 'Obesity as a Worldwide Problem and Its Solution'. 1 March.

IvyPanda . 2024. "Obesity as a Worldwide Problem and Its Solution." March 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/obesity-as-a-worldwide-problem-and-its-solution/.

1. IvyPanda . "Obesity as a Worldwide Problem and Its Solution." March 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/obesity-as-a-worldwide-problem-and-its-solution/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Obesity as a Worldwide Problem and Its Solution." March 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/obesity-as-a-worldwide-problem-and-its-solution/.

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A Problem-Solution About Healthcare In America Essay Example

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Market , United States , Health Care , America , Health , Insurance , Workplace , Marketing

Words: 2250

Published: 02/27/2020

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The U.S has the most expensive healthcare system in the world. However, it is puzzled with issues ranging from inefficiencies, inflated prices, excessive administrative expenses, inappropriate care, fraud, and waste. These issues are caused by a considerable lack of quality. However, of these issues I presume that major ones require immediate attention, while the minor ones require long-term solutions. Arguably, the country’s largest economic sector is healthcare which accounts for approximately $2.1 trillion in annual expenses. Yet, thousands of Americans cannot afford good healthcare services, and needs. Despite spending that entire amount in healthcare, serious issues regarding quality of healthcare emerge every day. Studies show that between 43,000 and 97,000 Americans die because of medical errors every day (Fradin, 2008, p. 117). Although there are numerous health insurances including Medicare, the majority of Americans do not fully benefit from these services. There are many instances where providers do not have enough information, wrong medication is given, or prescriptions are unreadable due to factors such as doctors’ handwriting. Healthcare issues in America range from health insurance, negligence of doctors, unreliable information, and financial issues. Notably, the problems in American health care have entirely been caused by distortions that are imposed on the market from various directions. Programs that have created a third party payment system and federal tax subsidies are the most significant issues that insulate consumers from market and prices forces. Healthcare is indeed a spending program. However, this spending is inappropriate because more than 47 million people in America lack health insurance and around 8 million of them are children. Additionally, over 41 million Americans do not get medical care when they dearly need it, whether insured or not, because they simply cannot afford it.

Health Care Issues At Hand

Despite being high on the nation’s agenda, fundamental quality, cost, and access problems need to be addressed. The U.S is the only developed country with a huge growing gap between private and public health coverage. To add on to that, health care cost are extremely high and they consume an escalating proportion of the GDP. America’s cost and access issues are simply intertwined with inconvenient quality issues. The issue of squeezing out inefficiencies and unnecessary care are most visible making headlines in the health care debate (Hardoy, 2013, p. 33).

Affordability

Notably, the cost of health care and health care insurance in America is rising faster than inflation and wages. A recent study that was done by an NGO shows that from the year 2001 to 2007, wages increased 3.8%, the rate of inflation increased between 3.4%, and health care premiums increased 87%. The issue with this statistics is that the majority of the uninsured are working Americans do not afford health care costs. Seemly most Americans are capable of affording insurance simply because it is subsidized by their employer. For instance in 2007, the average health insurance premium for a single family that is provided with the health benefit of an employer was $11,500. From this amount, an average of $2,700 was paid by the employee towards the premiums. This shows that, out of the 83% insured Americans, about 58% get health insurance through their employer, only 8% of the insured purchase their own policies. The rest insured employees get health coverage from the government through; Medicare, Medicaid, and Military (Stange, 2009, p. 56).

Malpractice Suits with Large Compensatory Awards

There are numerous malpractice suits with large compensatory awards in America. This is because there are very many doctors who practice incompletely and carelessly. Recent reports reveal that more than 89,000 Americans die every year needlessly from medical mistakes. Health professionals and doctors, who do not disinfect or wash their hands after visiting patients particularly in hospitals, transmit infections agents that are drug-resistant. In addition, some doctors operate on wrong limbs and organs after reading X-rays incorrectly. Basically, these are incompetent or careless doctors who are either untrained, or unskilled (Jameson, 2007, p. 12).

Portability

The current health care system in America is seemingly complex; most of the health insurance coverage is tied to employment. Thus condition is risky because once health insurance is tied to employment status; it can be inefficient and disruptive. Notably, it is projected that close to 22% of uninsured persons lack insurance because they either had a change in employment, or they lost their job. People worry too much about their health needs and health insurance if they change employers, take time off to raise a family, become injured, lose their job, or retire.

Accessibility

Cost is the major reason people lack health insurance. However, there are so many people who cannot access good insurance because of issues pre-existing medical conditions. A great deal of people has had their bills left unpaid, and health insurance cancelled. Consequently, lack of health insurance is a major drawback that limits access to medical care such as check-ups, immunization, preventative health care, dental care, mental health care and prescriptions. The majority of uninsured individuals have no choice but to live without good medical care, even when they need it in extreme conditions. Subsequently, such drawbacks often escalate minute health problems to become very serious leaving many untreated, and many are left to die from conditions that are preventable.

Distortions Imposed on the Market from Several Directions

Notably, issues in American health care are caused by distortions imposed on the market from diverse directions. Federal tax subsidies are one of these issues where a third party system is involved. This system insulates consumers from market and price forces. Doctors and other health specialists want to serve patients well but the industry is massively subsidized. Exclusion is open-ended. People are paying more for inappropriate services. For instance, this trend in the market has encouraged medical suppliers to increase the quantity of what Americans literally get. This issues result to dramatic decline in personal and private out-of-pocket spending. Presumably, issues with insurance, health care services and lack of a stable market have created serious problems. The good news is that today, Americans know more about the economics of health care. Fragmentation is the key problem with the U.S health care system. Certainly, current issues with health care in America show that indeed health care is a spending program, not a service program as it should be. Studies show that America is spending more on medicine, and neglected important programs that give citizens good services. The Worlds Health Organization indicates that approximately 32% of all health care dollars are spent on administrative costs. The irony with this finding is that, the majority of Americans do not benefit from it. For instance, there are political pundits who focus on high cost of prescription. This affects the cost medicines and services causing instability in the market. Today, the current health care system in America is restricted. The insurance industry is a profit firm and the sad news thing is that Americans do not have a choice to switch between the market alternatives.

Solutions to Health Care Problems

America has an unfruitful and long history of attempts to reform health care. Looking at health care in the U.S, the issues and their underlying causes are a matter if concern. In fact, it could be an uphill task to attain universal access to good quality and cost effective health care. Americans have been raised to believe that medical care and science will meet all their needs. This implies beliefs relate to the inappropriate health insurance firms in America that only focus on profit, and forego the critical aspect of considering their health. Notably, it would be very inappropriate to introduce a new system of thing because change is not easily accepted. Instead, it would be better if ways to curb the current situation. The following are coherent ways to solve these problems.

Medical Coverage

Having access to a doctor anytime you need is a benefit shared by a few. The current escalated cost of insurance shows that record numbers of families are underinsured or uninsured. The solution to the skyrocketing premiums faced by Americans is simply finding the right medical coverage. People with coverage through their employer should check to see if they can lower or raise their deductable as expected to accommodate the needs of their families. In addition, there could be need to consider an insurance plan with co-pay that will allow them to pay set fees for every time they visit the doctor, as an alternative of allowing it to apply to their deductable. - Free Market Arguably, insurance is the dominant issue that confining health care in the U.S. Therefore, having a free market for health insurance could be the simplest solution to this problem. A free market will give people a chance to vote with their feet, meaning that the free market will coordinate with insurance companies to give discounts to employers. This will make it very easy for any employer to buy insurance instead of employees doing so. For this reason, health insurance should count as a tax deductable expenditure. Employers ought to be restricted from forcing their employees to accept any plans they make. A price based on sex, weight, and age should be set. It would also be reasonable to allow plans not to cover conditions that have existed for long. In addition, the government should introduce a new system where everyone must have insurance; to complement that, it should give vouchers for the purchase of health insurance. Such considerations would make health insurance convenient and less expensive.

Preventative Care

The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and WHO reveal that, close to half of all chronic diseases; asthma, and diabetes are preventable. Uninsured and underinsured persons have a tendency of cutting corners by skimping on preventative care. Studies show that the majority of adult consumers on limited incomes do not utilize and take advantage of opportunities with preventative-care options. In order to cut cost on preventative care, individuals should find insurance plans that offer free or discounted visits for preventative visits. Additionally, one should consider taking advantage of free/discounted screenings and preventative-care options that are offered by local health departments (Rooney, 2008, p. 11).

Eliminating All Incompetent, Untrained, and Careless Doctors

Malpractices are a very sad phenomenon. In order to shun these inhumane acts, all untrained, careless and incompetent doctors and other health professionals should be eliminated from the profession quickly. These individuals are connected to crude drug companies that operate illegally. It would be effective to prohibit crude companies and doctors from operating and advertising to the general public. To effectively curb this menace, an online library of reports on drug companies, and government labs should be created with supplementary support of data files to register legal companies, and perpetrate illegal ones.

Rights, Responsibilities, & Restrictions

The cost of health care should be reduced by implementing the preceding recommendations. State and federal governments would be required in subsidizing groups that cannot afford to pay for health insurance. Health insurance should be provided by the federal government at affordable premiums. This intervention will resolve more than 60% of health care issues in the U.S (Stamm, 2007, p. 181). The current health care system in America is restricted, and complex. Most of the health insurance coverage is tied to employment. In addition, the insurance industry is a profit firm and the sad news thing is that Americans do not have a choice to switch between the market alternatives. However, the complexity of the health care system is an issue that could be resolved using stern and coherent measures. Reforms would play part in resolving health issues in America; studies reveal that inappropriate underpinnings are a major drawback to good health. The federal and state governments should intervene in finding coherent ways of curbing health care menace to find profound solutions.

Emanuel, E. (2009). Healthcare, Guaranteed: A Simple, Secure Solution for America. New York: PublicAffairs. Fradin, G. (2008). Healthcare problems and solutions. United States: s.n.. Hardoy, J. E., Mitlin, D., & Satterthwaite, D. (2013). Environmental problems in an urbanizing world: finding solutions in cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Routledge. Jameson, J. P., & Blank, M. B. (2007). The role of clinical psychology in rural mental health services: Defining problems and developing solutions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14(3), 283-298. Rooney, J. P., & Perrin, D. (2008). America's health care crisis solved: Money-saving solutions, coverage for everyone. Hoboken: Wiley. Stamm, B. H., Lambert, D., Piland, N. F., & Speck, N. C. (2007). A rural perspective on health care for the whole person. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(3), 298. Stange, K. C. (2009). The problem of fragmentation and the need for integrative solutions. The Annals of Family Medicine, 7(2), 100-103.

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