phd psychology without masters

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• PsyD vs PhD

Getting Your Psychology PhD or PsyD Without a Master’s

Completing a doctoral degree in psychology can be a crucial educational step toward a challenging but rewarding career in the field, whether working with patients or contributing to the field in other ways.

With multiple possible degree paths that end in similar outcomes, it can be difficult for students to understand the best route to take, depending on the education they already have. Specifically, for students who have only a bachelor’s degree, many worry their options for a psychology Ph.D. or a Psy.D. may be limited.

So let’s explore what students need to know about getting a psychology Ph.D. or Psy.D. without having a master’s degree.

Psychology Doctorate Options

At the end of both a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Psychology and a Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.), an individual will have earned a doctorate and, depending on their personal preferences and professional goals, could use the “Dr.” title. But the details of the degrees are quite different, and which is right likely will depend on the individual and their career dreams.

In general, Psy.D. degrees are more appropriate for those who want to work directly with patients or clients, while Ph.D. degrees may appeal more to those who want to work in academic research to help advance understanding of human behavior.

SEE ALSO:   Online Accredited PsyD Programs

Of course, that’s a guideline rather than a rule, and students who earn either type of degree can work in many different areas of psychology, or may earn enough experience and education to overlap a few areas of the field.

Importantly, though, it’s more common for Psy.D. tracks than Ph.D. tracks to include supervised professional experience as part of the doctoral program, which may impact a graduate’s ability to earn professional licensure (more on that later).

Starting Point

Regardless of what comes next, prospective psychology doctoral students will need to earn a bachelor’s degree. Ideally, they’d major in psychology in college, though there are a handful of other subjects that could suffice, depending on their doctoral program.

These include:

• Social work
• Anthropology

Many doctoral programs will accept applicants who have only a bachelor’s degree, but there are several considerations that may impact whether doctoral candidates can apply with only an undergrad degree:

• Length of doctoral program: Shorter Ph.D. or Psy.D. programs, meaning those that are designed to be completed in only a few years, will usually require students to complete a master’s degree before they apply. For example, an optional completion timeline offered in the Psy.D. program at the University of Indianapolis accepts only those applicants who have already completed a master’s degree in the field, and the admissions office prefers those who already have some practical experience under their belts. UIndy’s 3+1 track can be completed in only four years, while most psychology doctorates will take at least five and sometimes closer to seven years.
• Master’s en route: In most longer-timeline programs, students will earn a master’s degree on their way to getting their doctorate. For example, the Tufts University  Ph.D. in Psychology will last at least five years, and students will complete a master’s degree at the end of their second year in the program.
• Prior coursework: In many psychology doctoral programs, students aren’t required to have majored in psychology at any level but rather it’s necessary for them to have completed certain coursework integral to the study of psychology. At the Rutgers Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology , Clinical Psy.D. applicants are required to have completed undergrad courses in introductory psychology, statistics, abnormal psychology and biological bases of psychology, in addition to at least one course in cognitive, developmental and/or social psychology, psychology and perception, conditioning and learning, and psychology of personality.

SEE ALSO:   List of Combined Master’s and PsyD Programs

In every state, a series of rules and guidelines apply to the licensure of psychologists. States vary quite dramatically in what they require, but a psychology doctorate is generally the most important educational step.

However, professional experience is also required in every state, usually both before and after earning a doctorate. That means that students who attend Psy.D. or Ph.D. programs that don’t include a supervised professional experience period, such as an internship or other professional practicum, may not satisfy the licensure requirements in their state.

Additionally, many states require students who attend programs that are not accredited by the American Psychology Association to provide a detailed list of all coursework at the doctoral level, and students may have to take remedial graduate courses if their programs don’t meet the standards.

Earning your doctoral degree in psychology, whether by completing a Ph.D. or a Psy.D., is the single best way to earn licensure and become a professional psychologist. While there’s no single possible way of getting there, students who don’t have a master’s degree, and have no need to earn one, likely will find many options for doctorate programs.

Doctorate in Psychology (Ph.D. and Psy.D.) Program Guide

Contributing Writer

Learn about our editorial process .

Updated August 16, 2024

Joey Morris

Reviewed by

Tracey Burrell

Contributing Reviewer

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The American Psychological Association (APA) recognizes three distinct categories of doctoral programs : clinical, counseling, and school psychology. But what's the best Ph.D. to get? It turns out that doctoral options for psychologists go beyond the Ph.D., with the Psy.D. degree also being a possibility. It all depends on your circumstances and aspirations.

Clinical psychology emphasizes compiling and analyzing research data about people, while counseling psychology students focus more on treating mental and emotional health issues.

School psychology programs explore issues surrounding child and adolescent mental development.

Students interested in teaching or research roles can earn a Ph.D. in psychology, while candidates planning to go into private practice or work with patients may pursue a Psy.D.

This page covers everything psychologists need to know about the best Ph.D. to get or the best potential Psy.D. program for you, as well as how to prepare for both, what to expect, and how to choose the right school or degree program.

Pros and Cons of Earning a Doctorate in Psychology

Earning a Psy.D. or a Ph.D. in psychology is a significant investment of time and money, and while psychologists earn above-average salaries, other fields such as medicine, law, finance, and engineering often pay more for the same level of education.

However, psychology often offers more work-life balance than these fields, and many psychologists find it a uniquely fulfilling career.

It Takes Longer to Earn a Doctorate Degree in Psychology

Most doctoral degree in psychology programs can be completed in four to seven years. This, of course, is the longest possible amount of time a psychology professional can expect to spend on their schooling.

The time commitment requires a student's full attention, which makes some students move straight from their bachelor's in psychology to their Ph.D. in psychology.

Earning a doctorate in psychology and qualifying for a state license is the only way to become a licensed psychologist. A degree from one of the best psychology Ph.D. programs or Psy.D. programs can be a key ally. The demand for psychologists is high in most parts of the country, and once you are licensed, you can practice independently. However, if you enjoy collaborating with other professionals, you can work in a hospital, as part of a joint practice, or in other group settings.

At times, it can be very hard for Ph.D. in psychology students to juggle work, internships, clinical training and psychology studies. What's more, almost all Ph.D. in psychology candidates go on to continue their research and training for one to two years after graduation; these externships and practical experiences must be present in order to qualify most Ph.D.s for work.

Once Graduated with a Ph.D. in Psychology, You Enter the Workforce as an Authority in the Field

Part of enrolling and earning a doctoral degree in psychology is making the time and the connections that will allow students to gain intensive practical experience after graduation.

Employers often prefer Ph.D. in psychology candidates with some experience to master's degree in psychology candidates who may have more hands-on skills.

Some evidence suggests that Ph.D. in psychology candidates can oversaturate a market. In these cases, employers may be inclined to hire a candidate with more life experience (such as a master's degree) and lesser academic credentials.

The Doctorate Degree in Psychology is Versatile

Because a Ph.D. in psychology is a terminal credential for the majority of occupational psychologists, earning a doctoral degree in psychology in this broad field may be the best Ph.D. to get, as it offers candidates a certain amount of flexibility when searching for a career.

For example, while there may not be many opportunities in a graduate's chosen field right away, a doctorate from one of the nation's best psychology Ph.D. programs programs is an excellent credential for those who may be interested in teaching at the college or university level.

Only graduates with a Psy.D. or a Ph.D. in psychology can become licensed psychologists (except for school psychologists ). Similarly, if you want to become a professor of psychology in most colleges or universities, you will need to graduate from an accredited doctorate in psychology program. The APA does not accredit online programs.

Because a psychology Ph.D. or Psy.D. is the terminal degree in psychology, those with a doctorate in psychology are considered more authoritative in jobs such as consulting, government or nonprofit work, or publishing.

Psychology Ph.D. programs are long and hard, and even when you graduate you must work under the supervision of a licensed psychologist before you can work independently.

While many students work while earning their Psy.D. or Ph.D. in psychology, they are often not yet earning at their full potential and graduate with student loans .

One of the core parts of any doctorate in psychology is conducting original research, which requires years of focus on a single project. Students in psychology Ph.D. programs who do not enjoy the research process may find this very draining.

A Doctoral Degree Offers a High Return on Investment

Because of the high demand for the position and the time and cost psychology Psy.D. or Ph.D. programs involve, psychologist salaries are well above the national average.

Psychologists often earn a median salary over $90,000 annually, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The median BLS salary for psychologists include both graduate and undergraduate level occupations. According to Payscale , of the 25 people reporting in September 2023, the average salary for graduates with a Ph.D. in psychology is $95,000. The best psychology Ph.D. programs or Psy.D. programs are one factor that can help you capitalize on this potentially lucrative field.

September Payscale data for 2023 reports the average salary for graduates with a Psy.D. as $92,000.

This is considerably higher than the 2023 national median salary of $48,060, and for many psychologists, the financial and emotional rewards justify the cost and time spent in a doctorate of psychology program.

While only those with a Psy.D. or Ph.D. in psychology can become licensed psychologists, other careers, such as law, medicine, engineering, or finance often offer much higher salaries for programs that take as much time or less than a psychology Ph.D. program.

Some high-paying psychology careers, such as industrial-organizational psychologists, may require just a master's degree.

Featured Online Psychology Programs

Figuring out where to apply? These top, accredited schools offer a variety of online degrees. Consider one of these accredited programs, and discover their value today.

What Are The Admission Requirements for Psychology Ph.D. and Psy.D Programs?

Psychology Ph.D. programs require a master's in psychology from an accredited program or an equivalent mix of education and experience. Many will accept students with a master's in a related field or a bachelor's degree with work experience.

Students seeking a Ph.D. in psychology often need to demonstrate knowledge of psychology research, while students applying for a Psy.D. program need to show even more extensive research skills or aptitude.

• Minimum Education Level : Master's degree, although a bachelor's with work experience is often also acceptable
• Writing Sample : Transcripts from all undergraduate and graduate institutions attended, usually with a minimum 3.0 GPA
• Transcripts : 3-5 letters
• Standardized Tests : Personal statement of intent; previous academic research papers
• Recommendations : GRE
• Additional Required Materials : Immunization records; interviews; comprehensive qualifying exam; health insurance

How Can I Guarantee My Acceptance Into a Doctorate Degree in Psychology Program?

While there is no way to guarantee acceptance into a psychology Ph.D. or Psy.D. program, you can improve your chances through academic achievement, work, community engagement, professional development, and networking. The more you can show that you have strong professional ethics and are likely to succeed in research and as a professional psychologist, the better.

• The most important thing an applicant can do to increase their chances of being accepted into a doctorate degree in psychology program is participate in research. Clinical trials and data analysis are some of the most vital components of a psychology career. Psychologists focus as much on mental and behavioral health as they do studying and understanding human behavior.
• Completing relevant internships and practicums demonstrates a commitment to independent research and looks great on a doctoral degree in psychology application.
• Prospective Ph.D. in psychology candidates can increase their chance of acceptance by cultivating professional relationships with a community of peers. Many do so by joining alumni associations, reaching out to colleagues on LinkedIn, and participating in professional organizations.
• Subscribing to pertinent publications or joining professional groups can help you learn more about the field and the best education for you. The Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) is a good source for information on this topic.

Should I Get a Ph.D. or a Psy.D.?

The Ph.D. and Psy.D. degrees differ in a variety of ways . Students should consider each option carefully before choosing a program.

Ph.D. in psychology programs take about 5-7 years to complete, and often include one-year internships. These programs can be restrictive with admissions, however. For example, the best psychology Ph.D. programs sometimes admit fewer students into internships, as they tend to offer more funding opportunities.

Ph.D. programs place a stronger emphasis on research, including more coursework in research methods and statistics, and more research-based opportunities during the program. Graduates may pursue careers in research or academia. Check individual programs to learn more and find the best Ph.D. to get for you and your unique situation.

The Psy.D. is a doctor of psychology degree instead of a doctor of philosophy degree. Psy.D. programs take between four and five years to complete, including an internship year. These programs are tailored more towards clinical practice, placing less of an emphasis on research. This track may particularly benefit students who wish to work directly with clients in clinical settings.

Both degrees prepare candidates to seek licensure as clinical psychologists. For individuals who wish to conduct research or teach in colleges and universities after graduating, the Ph.D. in psychology might be the best Ph.D. to get.

What Should I Expect From a Doctorate Degree in Psychology Program?

Degree completion specifics.

• Number of Required Credits: 60-125
• Typical Length of Program: 5-7 years
• Culminating Experience Project/Paper/Exam: Yes
• Practicums/Internships: Yes

Core Concepts

While you will expand your skills in each of these areas while earning your psychology Ph.D., programs expect you to have a solid understanding of these areas from your previous education and work or fieldwork experience.

Developmental Psychology

This topic explores the biological, intellectual, and cognitive foundations of behavior.

Assessment, Statistics and Research Techniques

Research is a major component of psychology. Students pursuing a Ph.D. in psychology should know how to effectively and efficiently gather pertinent information.

Multicultural Consistencies

These studies explore some commonly addressed issues for people of all ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic circumstances.

Dissertation Research

Almost every Ph.D. and Psy.D. in psychology program requires candidates to create and present a dissertation. Many courses prepare students to create, catalog, and share this vital work.

Ethics and Legal Issues in Psychology

More detailed than bachelor's or master's coursework in the same vein, Ph.D. in psychology students explore the important legal responsibilities and concerns commonly associated with their particular field of study.

Concentrations

Doctoral students in psychology often concentrate their studies in a particular clinical or academic discipline. Immersion in these topics solidifies existing knowledge and offers the chance to work side-by-side with other psychology professionals in the candidate's area of interest. Some popular concentrations include:

Behavioral Neuroscience

This subfield explores how human brain systems engage in perception, human error, decision-making, movement, and cognition.

Clinical Psychology

Students gather the data necessary to understand emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal functions in adults and children.

Abnormal Psychological Disorders

In this subfield, students learn to evaluate, manage, and offer empathetic care to people living with ongoing psychological disorders and trauma.

Human Growth and Development

This research track investigates how the human mind evolves and devolves across the lifespan, paying special attention to behaviors, aptitudes, and at-risk behaviors.

Developmental

This focus area is ideal for those who wish to learn skills of value in careers such as teaching, intervention, and research. A developmental psychology specialty explores cognitive/socio-emotional development and developmental psychopathology.

What Kinds of Psychology Careers Can I Pursue With a Doctorate Degree in Psychology?

Most graduates from psychology Psy.D. or Ph.D. programs work as licensed psychologists or in academic settings as researchers and professors. However, there are other careers available in government or corporate roles, or as a consultant.

Psy.D and Ph.D. Career Options

Clinical psychologist.

Clinical psychologists diagnose patients and prescribe treatment for psychological disorders. They often specialize in a particular approach such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or behavioral therapy, or in a particular type of patient or condition, such as adolescents or eating disorders.

They differ from counseling psychologists, who emphasize helping patients with specific issues rather than a disorder. The average annual salary, according to the BLS , is $106,600.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

Industrial-organizational psychologists or human resource managers apply psychology to improve organizational performance in corporations. They provide guidance on organizational culture, leadership development, motivation, and other issues related to productivity. This is one of the higher-paid specialties, according to the BLS , with an average annual salary of $154,380.

Postsecondary Clinical Psychology Educator

Postsecondary clinical psychology educators include college and university professors and other faculty and staff. While the BLS-reported annual salary of $93,990 is lower than other specialties, many professors are eligible for tenure. Administrations expect educators to both teach and publish; the balance will vary by school and position.

Forensic Psychologist

Forensic psychologists work in the legal or justice system in a number of roles. They may work as part of criminal investigative teams, as consultants for criminal law firms, or as part of the correctional system. While many are licensed psychologists, some have a master's rather than a psychology doctorate. The annual salary, according to March 2024 Payscale data , is $78,800.

Educational Psychologist

Educational psychologists apply psychology to improve school and educational performance. School psychologists primarily work with students and families, while educational psychologists focus more on improving the schools' and teachers' overall teaching capacity. According to the BLS , the average annual salary is $91,990.

Research Psychologist

Research psychologists conduct psychological research in corporate, nonprofit, or government research settings. Their work may include user experience design, nonprofit or government program monitoring and evaluation, or research on ways to improve military performance and morale. According to Salary.com , the average annual salary is $103,340.

Frequently Asked Questions About Doctoral Programs in Psychology

Can you prescribe medicine with a ph.d. in psychology.

While some states allow licensed psychologists to prescribe certain medications, psychologists do not have the same prescribing authority that doctors, psychiatrists, or advanced practice nurses have.

Can you get a Ph.D. in psychology without a master's?

In many cases, you do not need to hold a master's for admission to a Ph.D. program in psychology. Many programs accept candidates who hold a bachelor's in the field. Some may require work or internship experience in addition to a bachelor's degree, but this varies from program to program.

Can you get a Ph.D. in psychology online?

Yes! A variety of fully online psychology Ph.D. programs allow students to earn their degree anywhere, at any time. While these programs occasionally take longer to complete than the standard four-year timeline for full-time, full-residency programs, actual program lengths vary. Note that the APA does not accredit online-only programs.

Why get a doctorate in psychology?

Professionals in all states must hold either a Ph.D. or Psy.D. to obtain licensure and practice as a psychologist. A doctorate in psychology prepares candidates for clinical practice, and for more advanced roles in the field. Those with a Ph.D. also tend to earn more than those with a master's degree.

How competitive are Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs?

Doctoral programs in psychology tend to hold high admissions standards, making them very competitive. On-campus programs may be even harder to get into, as they sometimes offer competitive funding and assistantship positions. Applicants should demonstrate a strong academic record with a high GPA.

What's the difference between a Ph.D. in psychology vs. a Ph.D. in clinical psychology?

Ph.D. programs in psychology tend to place a stronger emphasis on research, and often include more courses in research methods and statistics. Psy.D. programs emphasize clinical practice, and are best suited for individuals seeking more clinical experience.

Page last reviewed November 7, 2022. This page's information — not including school descriptions — was reviewed by an independent third party compensated for their time by Psychology.org.

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PhD Admissions

The PhD program in Psychology trains students for careers in research and teaching. In addition to a wide range of courses, the PhD program is characterized by close collaboration between students and their faculty advisors. 

General Information

The Department of Psychology holistically reviews each candidate's complete application to assess the promise of a career in teaching and research. Consideration is based on various factors, including courses taken, grade point average, letters of recommendation, and the statement of purpose. Additionally, the Department of Psychology places considerable emphasis on research training, and admitted students have often been involved in independent research as undergraduate students or post-baccalaureate settings. Although there are no course requirements for admission, all applicants should have sufficient foundational knowledge and research experience to engage in graduate-level coursework and research.

We accept students with undergraduate degrees and those with both undergraduate and master's degrees. An undergraduate psychology major is not required; the Department welcomes applicants from other academic backgrounds.

Our application portal will open for the AY25-26 admissions cycle on September 15, 2024.

How to Apply

Application and deadline.

Our 2025-26 Admissions application will open on September 15, 2024.

Applications will be due on November 30, 2024

The deadline for letters of recommendation will be  November 30, 2024 . 

Once an applicant submits the recommenders' information, the recommenders will receive an automated email with instructions for submitting the letter. Late letters should be sent directly to psych-admissions [at] stanford.edu (psych-admissions[at]stanford[dot]edu) . Staff will add them to the application file if the review process is still underway. Still, the faculty reviewers are not obligated to re-review files for materials submitted after the deadline.

Generally, students will hear from us by the end of January. 

The status of submitted applications can be viewed anytime by logging in to the   application portal . 

The deadline to apply for the '25-26 PhD cohort this year is  November 30, 2024 . Applicants who are admitted to the program will matriculate in Autumn 2025. 

Our next admissions cycle will open in September 2025 and have a November 30, 2025 deadline.

In addition to the information below, please review the  Graduate Admissions  website prior to starting your application. The Department of Psychology does not have rolling admissions. We admit for the Autumn term only.

Requirements

• U.S. Bachelor's degree or its  foreign equivalent
• Statement of Purpose (submitted electronically as part of the graduate application). You will be able to specify three  Psychology Department faculty members , in order of preference, with whom you would like to work. 
• Three  Letters of Recommendation  (submitted electronically). A maximum of six letters will be accepted.
• Unofficial transcripts from all universities and colleges you have attended for at least one year must be uploaded to the graduate application. Applicants who reach the interview stage will be asked to provide official transcripts as well; Department staff will reach out to these applicants with instructions for submitting official transcripts. Please do  not  submit official transcripts with your initial application.
• Required for non-native English speakers: TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) scores, submitted by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) electronically to Stanford. 

Application Fee

The fee to apply for graduate study at Stanford is $125. Fee waivers are available for some applicants. Please visit Graduate Admissions for information on applying for an  Application Fee Waiver .

Application Review & Status Check

The Department of Psychology welcomes graduate applications from individuals with a broad range of life experiences, perspectives, and backgrounds who would contribute to our community of scholars. The review of applications is holistic and individualized, considering each applicant’s academic record and accomplishments, letters of recommendation, and admissions essays to understand how an applicant’s life experiences have shaped their past and potential contributions to their field.

To check the status or activity of your application, please log into your  application account . You can also send reminders to recommenders who have not yet submitted their letter of recommendation.

Due to limited bandwidth, the Department of Psychology staff will not answer any phone or email queries about application status, including requests to confirm the receipt of official transcripts.

Our faculty will interview prospective students before making final admission decisions. Candidates who progress to the interview round will be informed in January. Interviews are generally conducted in February.

The Department of Psychology recognizes that the Supreme Court issued a ruling in June 2023 about the consideration of certain types of demographic information as part of an admission review. All applications submitted during upcoming application cycles will be reviewed in conformance with that decision.

• Diversity and Engagement in Psychology PhD Programs 
• Vice Provost for Graduate Education
• Stanford IDEAL
• Graduate Application Fee Waiver Information

For More Information

Please see our  list of Frequently Asked Questions  and  psych-admissions [at] stanford.edu (contact us)  should you have additional questions.

Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?

• Applying to a PhD

Yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree .

The conventional route for someone who earns a PhD is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree, followed by a Masters degree and then a PhD. However, several students opt to bypass a Master’s degree by enrolling onto a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Before we discuss how this can be done, it is worth mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of this route.

Advantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

The motivations for undertaking a PhD immediately after an undergraduate course are largely in saving money and time. This is because you will essentially eliminate a year of study. Another advantage of immediately enrolling onto a doctorate degree is project availability. If you find a project that you’re really interested in, it’s unlikely that it will still be available in a years’ time. Therefore, bypassing a Masters and enrolling directly into a PhD will increase your chances of securing the research project before it becomes unavailable.

Disadvantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

Although a Masters degree will add a year onto your academic journey, it can be incredibility helpful for your development and can help prepare you for a doctoral degree.

Not having a Master’s degree may prove to be a hindrance during your application process. This is because many other students will also apply to the same research projects, and it’s likely that the majority will hold a Masters. This will put you at a disadvantage to them.

Besides this, the dissertation project you’ll be required to undertake on a Master’s programme will provide you with a taste of what it is like to work on a research-based project. In addition to this, it’s likely that you’ll be able to select your own dissertation topic. As such, you can explore a specific field you’re interested in in further detail. This is a great way to confirm that both research-based work and the specific field you’re interested in are right for you before committing the next few years to it via a PhD.

Another advantage to the dissertation project associated with a Masters degree is the opportunity it provides you with to work closely with a project supervisor. This will help you understand the PhD student-supervisor relationship and communication frequency that works best for you. You can then use this knowledge to find supervisors who would compliment you when it comes time to find a PhD project to apply to. For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide .

PhD without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To be considered for a PhD without a Master’s, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non-STEM PhDs. Rather, students looking to apply to doctorates in subjects such as those surrounding Arts and Humanities are usually expected to have a relevant Bachelors from a 4-year course.

In addition to this, you will need to have demonstrated strong academic performance during your undergraduate course. This means that your Bachelors will need to be at least a UK Upper Second-Class Honours (2.1) for nearly all institutions to consider you.

Should you be accepted into a PhD programme without a Masters, the usual process will be to first register you as an MPhil student. You will then have a year to prepare and submit a thesis. Your thesis will need to detail the research you have carried out within that year and outline how you intend to continue it into a full PhD study. There are three outcomes of this MPhil thesis review:

• Failure and you’re not awarded anything.
• You pass, however, the supervisor doesn’t believe you’ve demonstrated strong research skills. You’re awarded an MPhil but they do not upgrade your course to a PhD programme.
• You pass and the supervisor believes you have proven yourself as a capable researcher. Your course is upgraded to a PhD as opposed to you being awarding an MPhil.

For more information on these outcomes, read the outcomes section of our PhD Viva guide .

Integrated PhD

Some universities offer Integrated PhD degree programmes (also known as an Integrated Masters degree). These are four-year programmes comprising of a one-year Masters degree immediately followed by a three-year PhD degree. These can prove a great option for graduate students who are looking to undertake a PhD without a Masters but are struggling to meet the eligibility requirements. You can read about the many benefits of  integrated degrees here .

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

PhD without a Bachelors – Is It Possible?

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without a Bachelor’s, however, this is extremely uncommon.

When this occurs, it is almost always reserved for very mature individuals. For example, an individual may not be in active academia but still may have significantly contributed to their field. This contribution could be through the work they have undertaken as part of their career, or as part of a long-term study project, they have undertaken out of self-interest.

In either case, the individual would need to prove that they have extensive experience in their field and have directly contributed to new knowledge within it. The key factor here is that their work has pushed the boundaries of existing knowledge. It is not enough for an individual to be regarded as an expert in their field – they must have contributed something new and meaningful. It’s common for individuals awarded a PhD through this means to have produced several publications within their lifetime. It’s also common for the individual to have gained several professional accreditations within their field before even being considered suitable for a PhD research degree.

Universities Offering PhD without a Masters

Unfortunately, there is not a centralised list of universities which offer PhDs without a Master’s degree. The reason for this is that the edibility requirements differ from PhD to PhD and from department to department.

Therefore, you will need to check the guidelines for each individual university and the requirements for each specific PhD you’re interested in.

Should you find a PhD programme you can apply to with a Bachelors, make every effort to make your application as strong as possible. This is because you will be competing against other candidates, most of who will have a Master’s degree.

Not only can you strengthen your application by having a Bachelors with a First-Class Honours (1st), but you can also do so by showing the traits of a successful researcher. This includes showing a genuine interest in the project, a high work ethic, and exceptional communication skills.

Additionally, a strong letter of recommendation from a respected university lecturer will prove very beneficial. This is especially true if the lecturer supervisors his or her own PhD students. This is because the lecturer will understand the skills required for an adept research student.

For more advice on how to apply to a PhD degree, check out our Application Process Guide.

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• Best Online Doctorates In Psychology

Best Online Doctorates In Psychology Of 2024

Updated: Mar 28, 2024, 12:13pm

Psychologists don’t just work one-on-one with patients to treat behavioral and mental health issues. Today, psychologists advise corporations, study cognitive science and the brain, coach athletes to peak performance and help students thrive in school.

In addition to clinical counseling, an online doctorate in psychology can lead to well-paying work in diverse fields like education, business, social services, nonprofit management and community organizing.

To help with your search, Forbes Advisor reviewed 43 programs and ranked eight schools that met our criteria. Each school demonstrates a commitment to student experience, outcomes, credibility and affordability. Programs include Ph.D.s, Psy.D.s and Ed.D.s, with specializations like leadership, community or educational psychology. Explore our recommendations below.

Why You Can Trust Forbes Advisor Education

Forbes Advisor’s education editors are committed to producing unbiased rankings and informative articles covering online colleges, tech bootcamps and career paths. Our ranking methodologies use data from the National Center for Education Statistics , education providers, and reputable educational and professional organizations. An advisory board of educators and other subject matter experts reviews and verifies our content to bring you trustworthy, up-to-date information. Advertisers do not influence our rankings or editorial content.

• Over 3,868 accredited, nonprofit colleges and universities analyzed nationwide
• 52 reputable tech bootcamp providers evaluated for our rankings
• All content is fact-checked and updated on an annual basis
• Rankings undergo five rounds of fact-checking
• Only 7.12% of all colleges, universities and bootcamp providers we consider are awarded

Our Methodology

We ranked eight accredited, nonprofit colleges offering online doctoral degrees in psychology in the U.S. using 15 data points in the categories of student experience, credibility, student outcomes and affordability. We pulled data for these categories from reliable resources such as the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ; private, third-party data sources; and individual school and program websites.

Data is accurate as of February 2024. Note that because online doctorates are relatively uncommon, fewer schools meet our ranking standards at the doctoral level.

We scored schools based on the following metrics:

Student Experience:

• Student-to-faculty ratio
• Socioeconomic diversity
• Availability of online coursework
• Total number of graduate assistants
• More than 50% of graduate students enrolled in at least some distance education

Credibility:

• Fully accredited
• Programmatic accreditation status
• Nonprofit status

Student Outcomes:

• Overall graduation rate
• Median earnings 10 years after graduation

Affordability:

• In-state graduate student tuition
• In-state graduate student fees
• Alternative tuition plans offered
• Median federal student loan debt
• Student loan default rate

We listed all eight schools in the U.S. that met our ranking criteria.

Find our full list of methodologies here .

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Best Online Doctorates in Psychology

Should you enroll in an online psychology doctoral program, accreditation for online doctoral programs in psychology, how to find the right online doctorate in psychology for you, frequently asked questions (faqs) about online doctorates in psychology, national louis university, liberty university, keiser university-ft lauderdale, university of the southwest, the chicago school at los angeles, southern california seminary, william james college, adler university.

Graduate Tuition

$800/credit

Percentage of Grad Students Enrolled in Distance Education

Overall Graduation Rate

This Chicago-based college was founded in 1886 with a mission to train elementary school teachers. Today, National Louis University (NLU) offers a fully online Ph.D. in community psychology to prepare professionals for work in areas including housing, urban education, child abuse and substance abuse.

NLU teaches the foundations of community psychology and encourages learners to research topics that pique their interest. Coursework provides training in quantitative and qualitative methods, grant writing, advocacy, and community development. Online learners complete an internship and dissertation in addition to coursework. NLU offers both synchronous and asynchronous formats.

• Our Flexibility Rating: Learn around your 9-to-5
• School Type: Private
• Application Fee: Free
• Degree Credit Requirements: 69 to 72 credits
• Program Enrollment Options: Full-time, part-time
• Notable Major-Specific Courses: Community organizing, statistics for community psychology
• Concentrations Available: N/A
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, internship required

$595/credit (full-time)

Liberty University ’s Ph.D. in psychology teaches human behavior from a biblical perspective. This nonclinical, nonlicensure program is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC).

Liberty offers six specializations, including social psychology and developmental psychology. Learners conduct their own research, with the opportunity to present their work at conferences. Optional on-campus intensive courses allow students to deepen their academic and professional skills alongside faculty and classmates.

Current and former military members and their spouses qualify for discounted tuition at $300 per credit.

• Our Flexibility Rating: Learn on your schedule
• Application Fee: $50
• Degree Credit Requirements: 60 credits
• Program Enrollment Options: Part-time, full-time
• Notable Major-Specific Courses: Psychological research and biblical worldview, teaching of psychology
• Concentrations Available: Behavioral health leadership, developmental psychology, general psychology, industrial/organizational psychology, social psychology, theology
• In-Person Requirements: No, but optional in-person intensives offered

$528/credit (in-state)

The Fort Lauderdale branch of Keiser University , Florida’s largest private, nonprofit university, offers a research-based online Ph.D. in psychology. The program employs a “scholar-practitioner” model that integrates leading research and professional practices into the classroom experience.

The school offers hybrid and fully online programming. Online learners have access to technical support and academic counseling. With courses held in eight-week terms, students can complete the program in as little as 36 months.

Keiser also offers a baccalaureate entry path; admitted students only need a bachelor’s degree before starting their Ph.D.

• Notable Major-Specific Courses: Behavioral neuroscience, sociocultural basis of behavior
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, two residencies required

$799/credit (in-state)

The University of the Southwest (USW) offers a Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) in educational psychology. The degree suits professionals who work or hope to work in educational leadership and administration. USW’s curriculum focuses on four key areas: leadership foundations, organizational dynamics and change, strategic planning, and research. With an optional self-design track, learners can customize their specialization courses.

Online learners receive free virtual healthcare and a free laptop in their first course. The tuition price includes the cost of all textbooks and course materials. Students can also access leading software designed to guide them through the dissertation process.

Two clinical residencies provide real-world experience. They can be completed in person or virtually.

• Application Fee: N/A
• Notable Major-Specific Courses: Organizational dynamics of human behavior, advanced study of educational psychology
• In-Person Requirements: No, but optional in-person residencies offered

$1,703/credit

The Chicago School at Los Angeles ’ Ph.D. in international psychology prepares learners to work in organizations with global missions. In addition to classwork, the program features an international internship and real-world training opportunities. Students complete two on-campus residencies and two international field experiences.

Learners must pass written and oral comprehensive exams and complete an original dissertation addressing a gap in international psychology’s professional study. The nonlicensure program can be completed in three and a half years.

• Notable Major-Specific Courses: Foundations of international psychology; ethics and professional development
• Concentrations Available: Organizations and systems, trauma services
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, residencies and international trip required

$650/credit (in-state)

Southern California Seminary ’s nonlicensure Psy.D. program uniquely integrates theology and psychology to prepare learners for private counseling, local church ministry, or work in a service or institutional setting. The El Cajon-based school also offers an M.A. to Psy.D. track, which requires a minimum of 99 credits.

Students can choose between four emphases: psychology, educational psychology, international/multicultural psychology and industrial/organizational psychology. Classes begin every seven weeks.

In addition to academic requirements, learners must demonstrate moral integrity and be recommended for graduation by at least four faculty members.

• Application Fee: $85
• Degree Credit Requirements: 54 to 73 credits
• Notable Major-Specific Courses: Advanced psychosocial basis of behavior, hermeneutics
• Concentrations Available: Psychology, educational psychology, international/multicultural psychology, industrial/organizational psychology
• In-Person Requirements: No

$1,675/credit (in-state)

William James College ’s Psy.D in leadership psychology integrates hands-on experience with classroom learning to deeply explore how humans function as leaders and followers. Full-time students can complete the program in four years, while part-time students may take six years.

Students can concentrate in four psychology subject areas or participate in a co-curricular college-wide concentration such as Asian or Latino mental health.

The blended program features a mix of online synchronous activities, like webinars and team projects, as well as asynchronous discussion boards, readings, and pre-recorded lectures. Program graduates complete 900 hours of supervised field training: a 600-hour practicum and 300-hour internship. Practicum sites include Comcast and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. The college is based in Boston, Massachusetts.

• Application Fee: $60
• Degree Credit Requirements: 68 credits
• Notable Major-Specific Courses: The neurobiology of leadership, organization development and change
• Concentrations Available: Educational leadership, inclusive leadership, leading nonprofits and NGOs, neuroscience of leadership psychology
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, for required residencies

$972/credit (in-state)

The online Ph.D. in industrial and organizational psychology by Chicago-based Adler University helps graduates reach their full potential in organizational settings. Elective courses teach skills like consulting, talent management and entrepreneurship.

Learners without a master’s degree can enroll in a 90-credit post-bachelor’s program; those with a master’s degree in a related field can finish in as little as three years. To graduate, learners must pass a comprehensive exam and complete a dissertation in addition to a 200-hour social justice practicum at an aligned community site.

• Application Fee: $32
• Degree Credit Requirements: 90 credits
• Notable Major-Specific Courses: Organizational theory; job and task analysis
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, practicum required

While an online psychology doctoral degree has its upsides, it isn’t the right move for everyone. In light of the huge commitment of time and money—to say nothing of effort—think hard about factors like budget, scheduling and learning style.

Online doctoral programs often cost less than campus programs since they allow you to save on big-ticket expenses like housing and transportation. Plus, some state schools extend in-state tuition rates to all online learners, regardless of their state residency status.

Online learning provides flexibility to work around work and family obligations. However, some programs mix asynchronous lessons with synchronous events like discussion groups.

Remote learning works well for disciplined self-starters. But if you need the accountability and support that come with in-person learning, an online doctoral program might not be a good fit for you.

There are two kinds of accreditation to consider in online psychology doctoral programs: institutional and programmatic.

Institutional accreditation is given by bodies recognized by the U.S. Department of Education or the Council of Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). To receive federal financial aid, you must attend an accredited institution. Several institutions on this list have earned accreditation by regional agencies like SACSCOC or the Higher Learning Commission.

Programmatic accreditation proves that a degree has been vetted to meet certain academic standards. The primary accreditor for post-graduate psychology programs in the U.S. is the American Psychology Association (APA), which accredits Ph.D. and Pys.D. programs. APA accredits specific degrees, not departments. You can find programs using APA’s accredited programs search tool . WHAT

To confirm a college’s accreditation status, search CHEA’s directory .

Consider Your Future Goals

To choose the best program for you, think through your long-term career goals. This helps inform whether you should pursue a Psy.D. or Ph.D. and what kind of field experience you may need to complete.

Programs vary in their focus on clinical application of psychological principles versus research and classroom instruction. For example, William James College’s Pys.D. in leadership psychology allows learners to work an additional 150 practicum hours beyond the program requirement. The extra hands-on experience could help you prepare for more specialized psychology careers .

A degree from an APA-accredited program is required for some employment opportunities and, in some states, licensure. If you intend to become a licensed psychologist after graduation, make sure your program prepares you for this path.

Understand Your Expenses and Financing Options

The programs on this list vary greatly in terms of cost. On the high end, the Chicago School at Los Angeles charges $1,703 per credit. At $528 per credit, Keiser University-Ft. Lauderdale offers the cheapest option. Both programs require 60 credits, putting our range between about $31,000 and $102,000.

Fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) to learn about financial aid opportunities. Other financing options to explore include assistantships, scholarships, grants and loans.

How long does it take to get a doctorate in psychology?

A psychology doctorate typically takes four to six years, but some programs can be completed in less time. In addition to coursework, programs generally require clinical or practicum hours and a dissertation.

Is it worth it to get a doctorate in psychology?

A doctorate in psychology is not easy to obtain, but it can help you land an in-demand job that tends to pay well. However, many people pursue this degree out of personal interest rather than a desire for financial gain.

Is a Psy.D. higher than a Ph.D.?

Both degrees concern the same subject matter, but a Psy.D. focuses on clinical practice, while a Ph.D. has more to do with scientific research. Ph.D., or Doctor of Philosophy , programs are more common and contain more sub-fields. A Psy.D., or Doctor of Psychology, focuses on preparing students to serve clients and patients.

Is a psychology doctorate hard?

Doctorate programs are generally difficult and take a long time to complete. The vast field of psychology features training in both the natural and social sciences. In addition to years of coursework, most psychology doctorate programs require supervised practicum hours and an original dissertation.

Garrett Andrews is an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Political Science at Portland Community College where he teaches State and Local Government.

• PhD Without a Masters

Can you do a PhD Without a Masters?

Written by Hannah Slack

When considering the path to a PhD, one common question emerges: Can you do a PhD without a Masters? While the traditional route involves earning a Masters first, the answer isn't as straightforward as one might think.

Depending on various factors, it is possible to embark on a PhD journey without a Masters degree. This guide will explore the different routes, requirements, and considerations for pursuing a PhD without first obtaining a Masters.

On this page

Do i need to get a masters to do a phd.

The short answer is no, you do not always need a Masters degree to start a PhD. However, whether this route is available to you can depend on several factors including your personal experience, the subject you wish to study, the structure of the PhD programme, and the country in which you are applying.

Considerations by subject area

• STEM or vocational subjects : it's more common to find PhD candidates in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) or vocational subjects (e.g., Social Work, Business) who skip the Masters degree. These fields sometimes value professional experience just as highly as formal academic qualifications.
• Arts and humanities : in contrast, jumping directly from a Bachelor's degree to a PhD in the Arts and Humanities is rare. These disciplines often require a Masters, which hones research skills and deepens subject knowledge – prerequisites for formulating and justifying original research proposals.

Geographical differences

• UK and Europe : in the UK, and Europe more broadly, a Masters degree is generally required to enrol in a PhD programme. However, integrated PhD programmes (commonly four years) could be an exception.
• USA : in the USA, it is more common to enter a PhD programme directly after completing an undergraduate degree. These programmes typically integrate a Masters level of study within the early years of the PhD, offering a structured progression that accommodates students transitioning from their bachelor's directly to doctoral studies.

Can you get a PhD without a Masters in the USA?

In the USA , it's fairly common for students to go straight from their undergraduate degree to a PhD. This is because universities will usually award PhD candidates a Masters degree on their way to achieving their final doctorate. American PhD programmes typically have a large taught element during the first 1-4 years, making them suitable for students who have not previously studied at the postgraduate level.

Routes to a PhD without a Masters

Integrated phd programmes.

One feasible option is to apply for integrated PhD programmes. These are typically structured to include a preparatory year focused on extensive training, followed by the three years more commonly associated with a PhD. Such programmes are often referred to as Integrated PhDs, 1+3 PhDs, or Doctoral Training Programmes (DTPs). Key features:

• One year of preparatory coursework, seminars, and workshops.
• Potential for completing a Masters of Research (MRes) within the first year.
• Automatic enrolment into the PhD phase upon successful completion of the preparatory year.

Looking for an integrated PhD programme?

You can browse four-year integrated PhD programmes here on FindAPhD .

Professional experience

Another avenue is leveraging professional experience. This is particularly viable for vocational and STEM fields where the practical application of skills and experience can be just as valuable as academic achievements.

• Industrial exeprience : years of work experience following an undergraduate degree can demonstrate readiness for a PhD.
• Research-based roles : conducting independent research projects in a professional setting can further bolster an application.

What is it like to do a PhD without a Masters?

Read about one student's experience making the leap from undergraduate to PhD .

Developing a strong application

• Academic preparation : ensure that your undergraduate degree demonstrates strong academic performance, particularly in research projects and relevant coursework.
• Research CV : highlight any research projects or professional experience relevant to your intended PhD field.
• References : seek references from academicians familiar with your research prowess or professional life who can vouch for your potential to succeed in a PhD programme.

The benefits of a Masters degree

While it’s possible to undertake a PhD without a Masters, there are several benefits to consider:

• Research experience : Masters programmes often include comprehensive research training and the opportunity to complete significant research projects.
• Networking : Masters provides invaluable opportunities to connect with academic peers and potential supervisors.
• Skill development : postgraduate study builds advanced skills that may benefit PhD research, such as project management and subject-specific techniques.

Should you do a PhD without a Masters?

Whether you decide to pursue a PhD without a Masters will ultimately depend on your background, experience, and specific circumstances.

If you’re confident in your research skills and academic foundation, it may be worth applying directly. However, it’s essential to discuss your plans with academic advisors and potential supervisors to gauge the best pathway.

Final thoughts

Pursuing a PhD without a Masters is a non-traditional route but one that’s possible given the right circumstances and preparation. Whether via an integrated programme, leveraging professional experience, or enhancing your academic CV, understanding the pathways can open doors to advanced research opportunities.

Remember, whether you choose the direct route or opt for a Masters first, what matters is preparing thoroughly and making informed decisions to shape your academic and professional future.

Find a PhD project

Ready to make the leap? Browse PhD projects on our website today.

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We've answered some of the most frequently asked questions about PhDs, covering course types, applications, funding and the benefits of further study.

Getting ready to apply for a PhD? Our guides explain research proposals, references and entry tests for doctoral programmes.

Understand what a successful PhD research proposal needs to include and how to go about writing one for your project application.

Our guide explains how to contact a potential PhD supervisor to discuss your proposal or ideas with them before applying.

A checklist of the things you'll need to do when making an international PhD application, from meeting the entry requirements to sorting out your visa.

What documents you need for a complete study abroad application, what they are and what they should and should not include.

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Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD-PSY)

100% online phd-psy.

Complete your studies on your own time.

New start date every Monday

Start your first course when it’s convenient for you.

46 Months to your PhD-PSY

Finish your PhD-PSY in just 20 courses.

National and Northcentral have merged, and this program is now offered by NU.  Learn more .

PhD-PSY in Psychology

Prepare for leadership roles in psychology with the 100% online Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD-PSY) degree program at National University. As a student, you’ll hone your critical thinking skills and expand your knowledge base to evaluate individual, social, organizational, and global problems. You’ll also learn and practice research methods as you make the transition from doctoral student to independent scholar in your field.

In NU’s online PhD in Psychology, you’ll be prepared to excel in your profession with applied learning in case studies, scenarios, vignettes, and real-life situations. You’ll gain a wealth of experience from your paired mentoring professors in NU’s PhD-PSY program.

Prepare for Careers in Advanced Psychology and Earn Your PhD Online

As it concerns psychology, PhD programs can’t be found anywhere else to match National University’s uniquely flexible approach, which includes weekly course starts to fit your schedule. Start today!

Tailor your online PhD in Psychology to match your interests with one of these specializations: 

Counseling Psychology

General psychology.

• Gerontology 
• Health Psychology 
• Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Psychology of Gender and Sexual Fluidity

Social policy and behavioral health administration, sport and performance psychology.

• Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders 

Trauma and Disaster Relief

The Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) accredits public and private schools, colleges, and universities in the U.S.

Course Details

• Credit Hours: 60
• Courses: 20
• Estimated Time to Complete: 46 months

The Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD-PSY) degree program can be completed in 60 credits. Each course runs 8 weeks, except for the research, dissertation, and internship courses which run 12 weeks. You’ll receive 3 semester credits per course but  may require additional credit hours , depending on the time required to complete the dissertation research. If granted, additional courses will be added to the student degree program in alignment with the SAP and Academic Maximum Time to Completion policies. Students who do not complete their program in accordance with these policies may be dismissed.

Course Sequence

Students in this course will be prepared for success in the psychology doctoral program at the University. Students are introduced to relevant academic communities, professional standards, and doctoral-level expectations. Essential skills needed to pursue a doctoral degree in psychology are emphasized, including critical thinking, comprehending complex scholarly texts and research articles, and effective written communications. Students will identify and begin to explore potential research topics for use in their doctoral studies and complete the course with a roadmap to navigate their way to degree completion.

This course focuses on scholarly and academic writing with an overarching goal of critically analyzing and thoughtfully synthesizing research findings while adhering to APA style and the principles of Academic Integrity. The emphases in this course are on how to (a) conduct effective literature searches; (b) critically review and summarize research studies; (c) write comprehensive, critical, and synthesized reviews of research literature; (d) formulate ideas and convey them in an ethical fashion; and (e) use feedback to revise and improve one’s work.

This doctoral-level course focuses on the fundamentals of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches to psychological research. Students gain an understanding of the strengths and limitations of each approach, and how these methods apply to a research topic. The concepts of critical evaluating, published research, research ethics, and developing a research proposal will also be explored and practiced. In addition, it provides a foundation for subsequent research courses in preparation for successfully completing a dissertation at the University.

This course provides an introductory exploration of statistics for the graduate student. It includes instruction on the calculation, use, and interpretation of descriptive statistics, and introduces inferential statistical analysis. The emphasis of this course is on providing a working knowledge of basic statistical concepts to help the student understand statistical methodology used in psychology, and also more generally, developing a working knowledge of statistical usage in everyday life.

This doctoral course in tests and measurements provides the student conceptual as well as practical guidelines in test and scale construction. This course will expose the students to concepts and theories including: the nature of psychological constructs and concepts, measurements and measurement error, item construction and analysis, Classical Test Theory, and the different approaches to establishing instrument reliability and validity. Students will have the opportunity to apply the skills and concepts to a construct relevant to their own research interests.

This doctoral-level course will introduce the student to psychological test construction, administration and interpretation as well as current research in the area. Commonly used tests to assess cognition and personality will be studied.

In this course you will examine the principles of quantitative research methodologies. Specifically, you will take a deep dive into the different types of quantitative research methodologies, when to use each, strengths/weaknesses, associated reliability/validity issues, and sampling methods. You will learn how to identify appropriate statistical analyses based on research questions and data considerations, as well as use SPSS to run, analyze, and interpret statistical results. You will explore how to examine, analyze, and interpret psychometric properties for existing instruments/measures in psychological research. Additionally, you will examine feasibility issues and ethical principles related to quantitative research methodologies. Scholarly writing and appropriate use of scholarly literature will be reinforced throughout this course.

In this doctoral-level course, you will be immersed in the intricacies of qualitative research methods tailored for the psychology field. You will be introduced to a spectrum of methodological approaches and the foundational philosophical premises guiding them. Central to the course is hands-on application: you’ll gain the skills to adeptly navigate the stages of problem formulation, method selection, data collection, analysis, and interpretation. We place a strong emphasis on the ethical dimensions of research, ensuring you are well-versed in the ethical considerations intrinsic to qualitative studies. Moreover, we encourage you to adopt a critical lens when assessing study design, execution, and data interpretation. Research is not just about data; it is about sharing discoveries. This course ensures you develop advanced communication skills for disseminating your findings across diverse platforms. Plus, you’ll have opportunities to craft and present comprehensive qualitative research proposals. By the course’s conclusion, you’ll not only be proficient in methodologies but also gain a deeper appreciation for the depth and transformative potential of qualitative research in psychology.

This course focuses on how to conduct effective literature searches, specifically in preparation for the dissertation, develop a plan for writing comprehensive, critical, and synthesized reviews of research literature, and critically review and write about underlying theoretical frameworks that lay the foundation for future research. The overarching goal of this course is for students to conduct an extensive search of the peer-reviewed empirical and theoretical literature in their topic area and identify potential areas of inquiry for their dissertation.

The Pre-Candidacy Prospectus is intended to ensure students have mastered knowledge of their discipline prior to candidacy status and demonstrated the ability to design empirical research as an investigator before moving on to the dissertation research coursework. Students will demonstrate the ability to synthesize empirical, peer-reviewed research to support all assignments in this course. The Pre-Candidacy Prospectus is completed only after all foundation, specialization, and research courses have been completed.

Students in this course will be required to complete Chapter 1 of their dissertation proposal including a review of literature with substantiating evidence of the problem, the research purpose and questions, the intended methodological design and approach, and the significance of the study. A completed, committee approved (against the minimum rubric standards) Chapter 1 is required to pass this course successfully. Students who do not receive approval of Chapter 1 to minimum standards will be able to take up to three supplementary 8-week courses to finalize and gain approval of Chapter 1.

Students in this course will be required to work on completing Chapters 1-3 of their dissertation proposal and receive committee approval for the Dissertation Proposal (DP) in order to pass the class. Chapter 2 consists of the literature review. Chapter 3 covers the research methodology method and design and to includes population, sample, measurement instruments, data collection and analysis, limitations, and ethical considerations. In this course, a completed, committee-approved Chapters 2 and 3 are required and, by the end of the course, a final approved dissertation proposal (against the minimum rubric standards). Students who do not receive approval of the dissertation proposal will be able to take up to three supplementary 8-week courses to finalize and gain approval of these requirements.

Students in this course will be required to prepare, submit, and obtain approval of their IRB application, collect data, and submit a final study closure form to the IRB. Students still in data collection at the end of the 12-week course will be able to take up to three supplementary 8-week courses to complete data collection and file an IRB study closure form.

In this dissertation course students work on completing Chapters 4 and 5 and the final Dissertation Manuscript. Specifically, students will complete their data analysis, prepare their study results, and present their findings in an Oral Defense and a completed manuscript. A completed, Committee approved (against the minimum rubric standards) Dissertation Manuscript and successful Oral Defense are required to complete the course and graduate. Students who do not receive approval for either or both their Dissertation Manuscript or defense can take up to three supplementary 8-week courses to finalize and gain approval of either or both items as needed.

*The Elective course in the PhD in Psychology degree can be satisfied by any 8000-level course in the Department of Psychology.

Exceptions:

• The elective for both counseling specializations is PSY-8606 Clinical Supervision.
• The preferred elective course for the Industrial/Organizational Psychology specialization is PSY-8413. Students that would like to work with the I/O Psychology Internship Coordinator to participate in an internship will need to enroll in PSY-7118 Internship in I/O Psychology, after the I/O Psychology Internship Coordinator approves the internship site and plan
• The preferred elective course for Substance-Related Disorders is PSY-8118 Grant Writing in Psychology or PSY-8511 Behavioral Health Administration and Management or PUB-7005 Public Budgeting and Finance.
• The preferred elective course for Social Policy and Behavioral Health Administration is PSY-8118 Grant Writing in Psychology or PSY-8140 Community Psychology. Students that would like to work with the Internship Coordinator to participate in an internship will need to use this elective to enroll in PSY-8508 Internship in Social Policy and Mental Health Administration, after the Internship Coordinator approves the internship site and plan. 

Degree Requirements

The PhD in Psychology degree requires a minimum of 60 credit hours at the graduate level beyond the master’s degree.

The University may accept a maximum of 12 semester credit hours in transfer toward the doctoral degree for graduate coursework completed at an accredited college or university while enrolled in a doctoral program with a grade of “B” or better.

The PhD degree programs in psychology have the following graduation requirements:

• A minimum of 48 credit hours of graduate instruction must be completed through NU
• Grade Point Average of 3.0 (letter grade of “B”) or higher
• Satisfactory completion of the Pre-Candidacy Prospectus course 
• University approval of dissertation manuscript and successful completion of the dissertation defense
• Submission of the approved final dissertation manuscript to the University Registrar, including the original unbound dissertation manuscript and an electronic copy
• Official documents on file for basis of admission: a conferred master’s degree from an accredited academic institution
• Official transcripts on file for all transfer credit hours accepted by the University
• All financial obligations must be met before the student will be issued their complimentary diploma and/or degree posted transcript

Graduates of the National University PhD in Psychology program have a diverse array of work opportunities to grow professionally. Depending on students’ interests, possible career pathways include*:

• College Professor / Instructor
• College / University Administrator
• Health Information Manager / Director
• Medical Office / Practice Manger
• Researcher (government or private business / organizations)
• Government positions (advocacy, interventions, eldercare, crisis intervention, etc.)
• Non-profit organizations (support services, educational services, etc.)
• And many more, in public and private facilities of all different sizes!

*Positions may require additional experience, training, and other factors beyond successfully completing this degree program. Depending on where you reside, many positions may also require state licensure, and it is the responsibility of the student to ensure that all licensure requirements are met. We encourage you to also review program specific requirements with an NU advisor. Any data provided on this page is for informational purposes only and does not guarantee that completion of any degree program will achieve the underlying occupation or commensurate salary.

Specializations

Substance-related and addictive disorders.

Substance-related and addictive disorders remain a public health concern with all ages. Looking on current data on the staggering demand for treatment for substance use and addictive disorders, the demand for professionals who understand the theoretical underpinnings and are able to conduct research in this field becomes clear. The purpose of the substance-related and addictive disorders specialization is to provide mental health professionals, providers and researchers knowledge and expertise in the area of substance related and addictive disorders. Dynamics of substance-use and addictive disorders, with an emphasis on assessment and treatment planning will be explored. Coursework also examines research and theories related to substance use and addictive disorders, as well as co-occurring disorders.

Specialization Courses – 18 Credit Hours Total. Each course is 3 semester credits and runs 8 weeks.

The purpose of the Psychology of Gender and Sexual Fluidity specialization is to provide an in-depth understanding of the social, cultural, and biological foundations of human sexuality, gender, and sexual orientation, prepare students to apply principles of psychology related to gender diversity in a variety of settings, and carry out research related to gender diversity in a variety of settings. Eighteen (18) credit hours of coursework are devoted to Psychology of Gender and Sexual Fluidity studies.

The General Psychology specialization allows students to select courses from a broad range of electives to fit their personal and professional goals. This specialization also prepares students to apply principles of psychology and conduct research related to their area of interest in a variety of settings.

*Courses listed are examples and upon acceptance to the program, the initial degree plan will include these courses. Students in the General Psychology specialization are encouraged to choose six courses (18 credit hours) based on personal and professional goals and will work with their Academic and Finance Advisor to revise their degree plan. Students can select any PSY-8000 level course for this specialization. Courses from other disciplines may fill this requirement, with Department of Psychology approval. Please consult the course descriptions for a full list of available courses. Note: an internship course cannot count towards the degree program. 

Specialization Courses – 18 Credit Hours Total. Each course is 3 semester credits and runs 8 weeks. 

Gerontology

The Gerontology specialization is designed to assist in training individuals interested in working with older adults and their families. As the world’s population continues to age, the demand will continue for individuals trained in gerontology. Coursework in this certificate prepares individuals for career opportunities in health facilities, mental health clinics, numerous government agencies, and community organizations.

Health Psychology

The purpose of the Health Psychology specialization is to provide an in-depth understanding of the total matrix of factors influencing psychological and physical health and illness, prepare students to apply biopsychosocial principles in a variety of settings, and carry out research related to health psychology in a variety of settings. Eighteen (18) credit hours of coursework are devoted to Health Psychology.

Industrial Organizational Psychology

In the PhD-PSY in Industrial-Organizational Psychology specialization, you will learn to apply psychological theories to critical issues in the fields of business and industry. Specifically, you’ll gain expertise in the dynamics of leadership and management, the best practices for enhancing employee motivation and engagement, and the structure and procedures of organizational development. You will become adept at applying the scientific method to investigate issues of critical relevance to individuals, businesses, and society; including employee stress and well-being, workforce diversity, and work-life balance. The application of tests and measurements and the interpretation of their results as applied to employee selection, performance appraisals, and training evaluations will also be addressed. 

During the program, you will have the option to complete an internship, where you can apply your newly gained knowledge and skills in an organizational setting. The internship course offers you the opportunity to train in the field, build your professional resume, and network with organizational practitioners. This I/O specialization was created to align with the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology’s (SIOP) guidelines for education and training, and thus it offers course work which allows for the development of key competencies required for success in the field. In particular, the I/O specialization will prepare you to assume leadership positions in industry, government, consulting, and education.

Social Policy and Behavioral Health Administration Specialization will focus on two areas: social policy and behavioral health administration. These two areas are highly related in the field and will allow future psychologists the ability to be leaders in the field in different settings (e.g., government, community-based organizations, etc.) and influence decision-making. The specialization contains 21 credits with 4 required courses and 3 electives from a list of 7 courses in PSY, DMFT, and PUB. Students will have the ability to design their specialization with the electives. For example, they may choose organizational-focused courses or complete a supervised internship experience.

Specialization and Elective Courses – 21 Credit Hours Total. Each course is 3 semester credits and runs 8 weeks.

Increasing natural disasters, incidents of abuse and neglect, terrorism, war, violence, and conflict on a local, national, and global level have created a demand for individuals trained in identifying and treating the aftermath of trauma. Victims, witnesses, and relief workers who experience trauma may also find themselves facing a variety of psychological issues, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, physical health problems and be placed at future risk. Mental health workers would benefit from understanding the various facets of trauma, its impact on coping skills, and treatment, intervention, and prevention strategies.

Exposure to trauma and disaster can lead to emotional and behavioral issues for victims, survivors, relief workers, and bystanders. The Trauma and Disaster Relief specialization prepares students to work with individuals who have witnessed natural disasters, accidents, abuse, physical injury, bullying, etc., and who are now grappling with how to cope or to integrate memories or feelings related to that experience.

The Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology specialization in counseling psychology is designed for mental health professionals who are licensed or pre-licensed having a foundation of clinical knowledge and skills at the master level. The program is intended for professionals who seek to improve their theoretical knowledge and clinical skills, while preparing them to advance their career in the mental health field. In addition, the program is designed to provide for the meaningful integration of theory, practical application, research, and scholarship, culminating in a dissertation.

PhD-PSY specialization students will learn about clinical supervision, psychopharmacology, program evaluation, research, and cognitive and personality assessment. In addition, students in this program can choose to deepen their knowledge and skills in several areas of their interest. For example, students can choose courses in psychopathology, addictions assessment and treatment, multicultural psychology, and other areas of interest.

The PhD Specialization in Sport and Performance Psychology offers a strong base in theory and research, promotes an awareness of ethics and a respect for diversity, and will help you advance your critical thinking and mental performance coaching skills. Taught by professors who all hold doctoral degrees, you will analyze the latest theories and trends in sport psychology literature and gain an in-depth understanding of the essential applied strategies for enhancing performance. In addition, you will gain advanced knowledge about leadership, motivation, and ethics in sport and performance psychology. Also, you will explore topics related to sport injury and rehabilitation and diversity in sport.

Program Learning Outcomes

As a graduate of National University’s Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD-PSY) degree program, you’ll be able to:

• Appraise theories and principles in psychology to inform professional contexts
• Evaluate research methods and data analysis in psychology
• Select psychological principles and research for application to personal, social, and organizational issues
• Evaluate ethical principles of psychology in academic and professional issues
• Critique diversity issues in professional contexts
• Design clear and effective communication for fellow professionals and the public

Enrolling in a university is a big decision. That’s why our dedicated admissions team is here to guide you through the admissions process and help you find the right program for you and your career goals.

To that end, we’ve simplified and streamlined our application process, so you can get enrolled in your program right away. Because we accept and review applications year round, you can begin class as soon as next month, depending on your program and location of choice.

Learn more about undergraduate, graduate, military, and international student admissions, plus admissions information for transfer students. You can also learn more about our tuition rates and financial aid opportunities.

To speak with our admissions team, call  (855) 355-6288  or request information and an advisor will contact you shortly. If you’re ready to apply to the Psychology PhD program, simply  start your application today .

Weekly Course Starts

Finish Your Dissertation!

Dissertation Completion Pathway (DCP) is a 100% online pathway helping students “All But Dissertation” finish their doctoral degree.

• Block transfer of credit from your previous institution
• Flexible monthly start dates
• Highly trained faculty providing feedback each week on your dissertation
• Strategic support and targeted resources to help you finish

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We’re proud to be a Veteran-founded, San Diego-based nonprofit. Since 1971, our mission has been to provide accessible, achievable higher education to adult learners. Today, we educate students from across the U.S. and around the globe, with over 240,000 alumni worldwide.

“National University has impacted my career. You can immediately apply what you learn in class to your business.”

-Francisco R., Class of 2016

Useful Links

• Clinical vs. Non-clinical Psychology PhD Programs

The Key Grant Scholarship

Do you qualify for a needs-based scholarship? Learn more about the NU Key Grant Scholarship and other scholarship opportunities to unlock the door to your dreams!

Frequently Asked Questions

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a doctoral degree that can be awarded in various fields of study, including psychology, while a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) is a professional degree focused specifically on psychology. The primary difference between the two is that PhD programs tend to focus on research and theoretical knowledge, while PsyD programs focus more on practical, hands-on experience.

Both PsyD and PhD degrees are highly respected and valued in the field of psychology. The choice between the two depends on individual career goals and interests. If the focus is on clinical practice and practical experience, a PsyD may be a better fit. If the goal is to conduct research and teach at the university level, a PhD may be a better choice.

The value of earning a PhD in Psychology depends on your career goals and interests. A PhD in psychology can lead to a variety of career paths, including academic research, teaching, clinical practice, and more. However, a PhD requires a high level of dedication and commitment. Prospective students should carefully consider their goals and options before pursuing a degree in Psychology.

Program Disclosure

Successful completion and attainment of National University degrees do not lead to automatic or immediate licensure, employment, or certification in any state/country. The University cannot guarantee that any professional organization or business will accept a graduate’s application to sit for any certification, licensure, or related exam for the purpose of professional certification.

Program availability varies by state. Many disciplines, professions, and jobs require disclosure of an individual’s criminal history, and a variety of states require background checks to apply to, or be eligible for, certain certificates, registrations, and licenses. Existence of a criminal history may also subject an individual to denial of an initial application for a certificate, registration, or license and/or result in the revocation or suspension of an existing certificate, registration, or license. Requirements can vary by state, occupation, and/or licensing authority.

NU graduates will be subject to additional requirements on a program, certification/licensure, employment, and state-by-state basis that can include one or more of the following items: internships, practicum experience, additional coursework, exams, tests, drug testing, earning an additional degree, and/or other training/education requirements.

All prospective students are advised to review employment, certification, and/or licensure requirements in their state, and to contact the certification/licensing body of the state and/or country where they intend to obtain certification/licensure to verify that these courses/programs qualify in that state/country, prior to enrolling. Prospective students are also advised to regularly review the state’s/country’s policies and procedures relating to certification/licensure, as those policies are subject to change.

National University degrees do not guarantee employment or salary of any kind. Prospective students are strongly encouraged to review desired job positions to review degrees, education, and/or training required to apply for desired positions. Prospective students should monitor these positions as requirements, salary, and other relevant factors can change over time.

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Is it Possible to Skip a Master’s in Psychology and Go Straight to PhD?

• Published November 30, 2016
• Last Updated May 21, 2021
• Read Time 3 mins

If you’re ready for a career in psychology, you’re probably wondering if it’s possible to skip a master’s in psychology and go straight to a PhD. While you can do this, you should consider if it’s the best option for your long-term goals. Enrolling directly in a PhD or PsyD graduate program has advantages and disadvantages. After reading about your choices, you might decide that picking up a master’s degree first is the smartest plan for you.

Finish Faster by Going Straight to a PhD Program

Earning a master’s in psychology and then a doctoral degree takes longer than simply enrolling in a PhD program. Although many of your M.S. in psychology credits will transfer over, not all of them will. You will have to write a master’s thesis to graduate, but you likely won’t use the same research for your dissertation. That means starting over on choosing a project, collecting data and conducting a literature review. You can save anywhere from six months to several years by heading directly to a doctoral program.

Build Stronger Relationships with Your Professors by Skipping a Master’s Degree

Networking matters in graduate school. Your professors will help you get jobs, research grants and valuable laboratory experience. They’ll also sit on your dissertation and oral exam committees and decide whether you even graduate. By entering a PhD program right away, you’ll be able to form stronger relationships with your professors. You’ll be relying on them as mentors and fellow scholars throughout your entire graduate career. Plus, most of your professors will have doctoral degrees and a passion for academic research; if you’re just a master’s degree student, they’ll assume you have different long-term goals.

Enhance Your Learning with a Master’s Degree in Psychology

A doctoral degree prepares you to conduct research studies in the field of psychology. This means learning statistics, literature synthesis and other research skills as well as studying the history of psychological experiments. A master’s degree is less focused on research and more focused on teaching you about the field of psychology today. For some students, earning a master’s degree before a PhD offers a chance to explore an area of interest without the pressure of conducting research and writing a dissertation. You can choose one concentration for your master’s degree and a different area of focus for your PhD, giving you a broader understanding of the field.

Make Sure You Want a PhD

The average PhD takes almost 7 years to complete. That’s a significant portion of your life. Graduate school, peer-reviewed research and teaching classes are very different experiences than your undergraduate studies. Earning a master’s degree in psychology first lets you test the waters and make sure you want to commit yourself to academia. You should try to publish a peer-reviewed paper during your M.S. studies to gain experience with this style of writing and ensure you enjoy it.

Not all schools allow you to enroll in a doctoral program without a master’s degree because they want to ensure you understand the commitment you’re making. While your preferred school may not make it possible to skip a master’s in psychology and go straight to a PhD, only you can decide if that’s a positive or a negative.

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Online PhD in Psychology

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• Current Step 1: About You
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NEXT START DATE

October 07, 2024

TRANSFER OF CREDITS

Up to 55 credits

Walden Is the Top Granter of Doctoral Degrees in Psychology

Impact people’s lives—and the psychology field at large—with Walden’s online PhD in Psychology program. In this non-licensure program, you’ll gain advanced skills applicable to areas like teaching, research, program evaluation, and consulting. Tailor your coursework to your goals with one of six specializations that combine classic theory with real-world application. From early on in your studies, you’ll have access to robust dissertation support that helps guide you toward the doctoral finish line.

Choose: Track I if you have a master’s in psychology or a related field; Track II if you have a bachelor’s or unrelated master’s.

SUPPORTIVE COMMUNITY

Get personalized guidance at every step—Enrollment Specialists, peer mentors, writing coaches, tech support, and more.

PUT LEARNING INTO PRACTICE

Expand your knowledge, skills, and professional practice in one of four academic residencies (held virtually or in person).

PURPOSEFUL PROGRAMS

Expand your professional passions and tailor your coursework to fit your education plan in one of six areas of PhD specialization.

Find Your Specialization

PROGRAM DETAILS

Take a Closer Look

Are you ready to take the next step in your journey? Walden’s online PhD in Psychology program is designed to remove barriers and put your doctoral goals within reach.

STREAMLINED ADMISSION

We’ve simplified the online PhD in Psychology admissions process. When you’re ready to apply, you’ll pay no application fee—and no essay is required.

EASY CREDIT TRANSFER

Transferring credits is easy at Walden, allowing you to potentially save time and money. Talk to an Enrollment Specialist about specific guidelines for the PhD in Psychology program.

FAST TRACK OPTION

Feeling ambitious? Complete your doctoral program sooner and potentially reduce your tuition through our PhD in Psychology Fast Track option. 1

Tuition and Scholarships

Walden is committed to reducing barriers to higher education. Request information to learn more about grants and financial aid for those who apply and qualify.

Tuition Breakdown

Cost is important when you’re exploring online PhD in Psychology programs—and we want to help put your goals within reach. Walden offers many options to potentially lower the cost of your degree:

Transfer of credits

Special tuition savings

Standard Option – Track I

Fast Track – Track I

These are ranges of what a student can expect in terms of time and tuition cost to complete a degree. It does not include other fees, nor is it adjusted for tuition increases over time. Walden faculty has concluded that generally students who do not complete their program in eight years are unlikely to complete and only allow students to exceed that time frame when a student petitions for an extension and provides good reason for the delay and assurances that obstacles to completion can be overcome. Time is calculated using the time allowed for each semester or unit that the student completes. Students are encouraged to work continuously during the program so as not to extend the time needed to complete the degree as work can become stale and students lose focus. Students who earn two grades of “Unsatisfactory,” who repeatedly drop a course before a semester or unit has been completed, or are unable to complete in the eight year time frame, should expect that they may be dismissed from the program. Walden believes that it is in the best interest of a student who is unable to complete the degree in the stated ranges to strongly consider withdrawal or obtaining a lesser degree.

Time to completion and cost are not estimates of individual experience and will vary based on individual factors applicable to the student. Factors may be programmatic or academic such as tuition and fee increases and/or the student’s transfer credits accepted by Walden; program or specialization changes; unsuccessful course completion; credit load per term; writing, research and editing skills; use of external data for their doctoral study/dissertation; and/or individual progress in the program. Other factors may include personal issues such as the student’s employment obligations; care giving responsibilities or health issues; part-time vs. full-time enrollment; leaves of absence; and/or other personal circumstances.

Tuition and fees are subject to change. Books and materials are not included. Students may incur additional costs for remedial writing assistance, if necessary.

^ This assumes students successfully complete their coursework on the first attempt.

† Based on a 2.5 to 3-year minimum completion requirement and an 8-year maximum timeframe as outlined in Walden academic policy .

*Tuition and fees will be higher if students petition to extend the 8-year maximum timeframe or choose to take more expensive elective courses.

+ Tuition and time to complete may be reduced if transfer credits are accepted, or if you receive grants, scholarships or other tuition discounts. For a personalized estimate of the number of your transfer credits that Walden would accept, call an Enrollment Specialist at 844-642-0198.

Standard Option – Track II

Fast Track – Track II

YOUR DOCTORAL JOURNEY

Earning a PhD is no easy feat—it takes drive, dedication, and perseverance. Knowing what to expect can help you make an informed decision.  

DOCTORAL DEGREE COACH TM

Map and track your PhD in Psychology milestones, meet weekly targets, connect with faculty, and find support when you need it.

MPhil ALONG THE WAY

You will be eligible to be awarded a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree upon completion of PhD in Psychology requirements, prior to completion of your dissertation.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

Build a Strong Foundation

Society needs experts who understand the human attitudes and behaviors that drive our most persistent challenges. With a Walden PhD in Psychology degree, you’ll be prepared to inform sustainable solutions in areas like education, research, and consulting.

Career Opportunities

An online PhD in Psychology degree can prepare you to effect positive change in academia and other areas.

Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary

Teach courses in psychology at colleges and universities; conduct academic research in the field.

Expected growth: 5% 1

Estimated annual wage: $49,790–$106,610 1

1 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Job outlook | Estimated wage (as of May 2023) No guarantee is made that a person who enrolls in the PhD in Psychology program will obtain a job or will earn the stated salaries.

Learning Outcomes

Graduates of this online PhD in Psychology program will be prepared to:

Apply principles of basic and advanced research methods to produce independent scholarly research.

Apply relevant ethical codes (e.g., APA) to decision making with diverse populations in various settings.

Promote social change through the integration of principles of psychology in scholarly and/or professional activities.

Communicate effectively to a variety of stakeholders and audiences.

Demonstrate an in-depth understanding of psychology-specific knowledge and theory to improve the condition of individuals, groups, and organizations.

Demonstrate proficiency in utilizing empirically supported models for teaching, consultation, and research.

Develop a professional identity appropriate to one’s professional goals.

Meet Your Academic Team

Walden’s faculty comprises dedicated scholars and active practitioners with many years of experience in the psychology field.

Explore More

s our online PhD in Psychology program the right choice for you? Learn more about the value of this credential and how a Walden degree can help you turn your aspirations into impact.

You Might Also Be Interested In 

Explore other online psychology programs at Walden.

Doctoral Degrees PhD in Industrial Organizational (I/O) Psychology 6 Specializations Available Next Start Date: October 07

Doctoral Degrees PhD in Developmental Psychology 8 Specializations Available Next Start Date: November 25

Doctoral Degrees Doctor of Psychology in Behavioral Health Leadership 7 Specializations Available Next Start Date: November 25

Master’s Degrees MS in Forensic Psychology 2 Specializations Available Next Start Date: October 07

Have a Question?

Chat Now with a PhD in Psychology Enrollment Specialist.

Online PhD in Psychology FAQ

The amount of time it takes to complete your PhD in Psychology will depend on your previous educational experience and how long you work on your dissertation. Walden’s PhD in Psychology degree program offers a Track I for those entering with a master’s degree in psychology or a related field and a Track II for those entering with a bachelor’s degree or with a master’s degree in an unrelated field. There is also a Fast Track option, in which students take additional courses and begin their dissertation early to expedite their path through the program. The minimum amount of time required to complete the coursework and dissertation is 2.5 years. Students have up to eight years to complete their doctoral degree requirements.

No. Through Track II, you can enter Walden’s program with a bachelor’s degree from an accredited school or with a master’s degree unrelated to psychology. If you enter with a bachelor’s, you must take three additional core courses.

There are some key differences between the two programs. PhD in Psychology programs are plentiful, but also fairly competitive, with more rigorous admission criteria. Because of the strong focus on research, it’s an ideal track for students interested in academia and research.

PsyD programs were developed as an alternative to PhD psychology programs and are usually more hands-on. Like Walden’s online PhD in Psychology program, a PsyD program prepares students to be a psychology professional in a wide range of settings. A PsyD, however, focuses more on practice and less on research and academia.

Pursuing your online PhD in Psychology at Walden University can equip you with the expertise to qualify for a range of professional opportunities. This includes teaching courses in psychology at colleges and universities and conducting academic research in the field.

Questions about our PhD in Psychology?

Questions about our [current-page:query:program_of_interest] .

By submitting this form, I provide my signature, expressly consenting to calls, prerecorded messages, messages created by generative artificial intelligence, emails and/or texts regarding my educational options from Walden University (Walden) and its affiliates and contractors using an automated dialing system to the number and email address provided. I understand my consent is not required to enroll at Walden, and that I can withdraw my consent at any time. To request information without consenting, please call 844-977-8323.

DISCLOSURES

1 Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) | Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary

2 BLS | Postsecondary Teachers : Occupational Outlook Handbook

Note on Licensure: The PhD in Psychology is not a licensure program and does not prepare an individual to become a licensed psychology professional.

Note: Time to completion and cost are not estimates of individual experience and will vary based on individual factors applicable to the student. Factors may be programmatic or academic, such as tuition and fee increases; transfer credits accepted by Walden; program or specialization changes; unsuccessful course completion; credit load per term; part-time vs. full-time enrollment; writing, research, and editing skills; use of external data for the doctoral study/dissertation; and individual progress in the program. Other factors may include personal issues such as the student’s employment obligations, caregiving responsibilities, or health issues; leaves of absence; or other personal circumstances.

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• Doctoral Psychology Programs | Walden University

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Psychology Graduate Program

• Psychology Department
• FAQ for Applicants

Please check out our  PRO-TiP  (PhD Resources and Online Tips Page)!  PRO-TiP provides easy and open access to resources that help demystify the process of applying to graduate programs in Psychology.

What kind of program does Harvard offer?

The Harvard Psychology Department offers a research-oriented Ph.D. program in four areas: Experimental Psychopathology & Clinical Science, Developmental, Social, and Cognition, Brain, and Behavior (CBB). The Department does not offer a terminal master’s degree in psychology, though students admitted to the Ph.D. program can earn a master’s along the way. Some graduates of the program seek positions as research psychologists in an academic setting. Other graduates get positions in government, consulting firms, tech startups or larger tech companies, hospitals or social service agencies, and other network or private clinical settings.  The Department offers two tracks, Clinical Science and a Common Curriculum. The common curriculum is composed of three sub-fields: Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology, and Cognition, Brain, and Behavior (CBB). The Common Curriculum, described in the program section of the graduate program website ,   is taken by all students except those in Clinical Science. Though these area boundaries exist, collaboration is an important aspect of our academic community. As such, faculty and students collaborate within and across these area boundaries.

How do I get information about Harvard doctoral program admissions?

The Harvard Griffin GSAS Admissions website includes information about how to apply, required application materials, test score requirements, deadlines, and FAQs.  The application process is online .  This link connects you to the Psychology Program of Study page on the GSAS Admissions website. You can refer to our PRO-TiP page to find faculty answers to frequently asked questions.

Prospective applicants will want to read carefully about departmental faculty research interests   to decide whether this department is a good match. "Fit" of interests is an important criterion when the Department makes admissions decisions.

This list of theses and dissertations completed by current and previous students in the doctoral program may be useful in figuring out if this department would provide a good fit for your research goals.   

Do I need an undergraduate degree in Psychology to be eligible for the PhD program?

A psychology major is not required, but it is recommended that applicants take some basic psychology courses and obtain research experience. Admitted applicants have excellent grades, test scores, letters of recommendation, research experience and are a good match in terms of research interests with one or more members of the faculty, who serve as advisors.

Do I need to submit GRE scores, and how do I submit them?

*For Fall 2025 admission, the submission of GRE scores is required for applicants to the Clinical Science area and optional but recommended for applicants to the Social, Developmental, and CBB areas.*  GRE scores are valid for five years from the test date. If you have personal score reports available from tests taken within the last five years, you can upload them to your online application for consideration by the admissions committee. However, you will still need to ensure that  Educational Testing Service  (ETS) sends an official score report. Be sure to register for the tests well before administration dates and request that your scores be sent to Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences using code 3451 (department code is not required).

Does the Psychology Department offer a master's degree?

No, we do not offer a terminal master’s degree in psychology, though students admitted to the PhD program can earn a master’s along the way.   

How long does the program take?

Some students find four years is sufficient to complete the program, although most take five and a few take six years. Financial aid is generally offered for up to six years. 

Who may act as a PhD advisor?

Only tenure-track faculty members in the Department of Psychology may serve as primary advisors to PhD students in Psychology. Affiliated faculty cannot serve as primary mentors for PhD students. Students are welcome to form collaborations with affiliated faculty, but these individuals do not participate in our PhD program admissions.

Can I get training in clinical psychology at Harvard?

The Department offers a research-oriented program in Clinical Science. Our program was designed and is perhaps best suited for individuals who aspire toward careers in clinical scientific research and teaching. As compared with some more clinically oriented programs, we place relatively more emphasis on research training and experience in our program admissions and our training program for admitted graduate students. That said, the clinical training opportunities afforded by the program provide excellent training in clinical intervention and assessment as well. The Clinical Program is accredited by the American Psychological Association and by the Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System (PCSAS).

Is there a part-time or distance learning option?

This is a full-time, in-person program. In unusual circumstances, the Department may grant permission for an enrolled student to temporarily register for a part-time schedule. It is required that students be in residence for at least two years in the program, and almost all students are in residence for the entire program. It is possible to receive permission to be a "traveling scholar" and do research or writing away from Cambridge, but this is most typical for students at an advanced stage of the program who have finished data collection. There is no online or distance-learning program.

Can I apply if I already have a master's degree?

Yes. Students that have completed prior graduate work can petition, after a semester of satisfactory work in the Department, to receive credit for up to eight relevant half-courses, the equivalent of a year's worth of work. However, many students in the program don't bother to apply for this credit since it is rare for a student to be exempted from any courses required by the department. In addition, the bulk of time in the doctoral program is spent on research projects, and the department very rarely exempts students from these. Even students coming in with a master's degree take between 4-6 years to complete the program, though an incoming student with more education may naturally be more focused at an earlier point in their program. By the time a student has finished all requirements for the doctorate, including research requirements, they will have many more than the required minimum number of credits.

Is there financial aid available?

Funding is in the form of grants in the early years and teaching or research fellowships in later years. Typically all admitted students are offered a funding package consisting of up to six years of full tuition, three years of living stipend, and two years of guaranteed teaching fellowships (which would provide a similar level of living support). Additional teaching is usually available in the fifth year. Both international and U.S. applicants are eligible for this financial package. Because funds are limited, applicants are urged to apply for any outside fellowships they may be eligible for.  NSF graduate fellowships  and those from the  Department of Defense  are examples of national fellowship competitions open to U.S. citizens. There are also the  Ford Foundation Fellowships , available specifically for URM scholars.    Receiving an outside fellowship may allow you to have a higher stipend, to decrease your teaching commitment or to have an additional year to complete your degree. Receiving an outside fellowship is also a professional honor that will help you in applying for jobs after graduate school.  

How can I maximize my chances of being admitted?

We use a holistic approach in evaluating applicants and admitting graduate students to the program. Among the factors considered are grades from undergraduate coursework, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, application essays, prior research experience, and focused research interests, with an emphasis on those that are compatible with those of faculty members. The department is also actively committing to building an inclusive field. Part of that commitment is prioritizing diversity and support for diverse individuals within our own department.

While we do not require an undergraduate concentration in psychology, some social science coursework is recommended. Because the program is heavily quantitatively oriented, college-level math and statistics are also advised. Research experience is extremely helpful: successful applicants have often worked for professors, done research projects as part of college courses, written an undergraduate thesis, or volunteered in a psychology research lab.

Candidates’ research interests and compatibility with the program are determined in large part by the candidate's application essay, the Statement of Purpose. Here is some advice from a professor for writing a good application essay:

Over the past 12 years, I have been reading graduate school admissions’ essays. These include essays from students applying to work with me as well as those from my own students who are preparing to apply to other graduate programs. When my own students apply to graduate school, I give them very specific advice about the nature of the essay, what I think most candidate schools and advisors are looking for. I have always had a particular view about what makes for a good read , of course from a personal perspective. I have been struck by the fact that many of the incoming essays lack the kind of content that I am looking for, having the appearance of an undergraduate application essay. This seems unfortunate because I often use the essay more than almost anything else to get a sense of the applicant’s intellectual potential and passion. Many students that apply have stellar GPAs and GREs, but only a few present carefully reasoned essays that really motivate the reasons for going to graduate school. In essence, essays that capture my attention are ones that develop ideas, propose experiments, point to holes in the literature, and do these things with passion and excitement. These very general comments, which will certainly not capture every advisor’s perspective, or even the majority, can be distilled to a few essential ingredients, presented below as questions:

• Why continue on with your education? Why do you need to learn more? What skills, theories, and knowledge do you lack?
• What are the kinds of discoveries and theories that sparked your interest in the chosen discipline?
• In graduate school, what kinds of questions do you hope to address? Why do you think that these questions are important? Given the set of questions that you will focus on, what kinds of methods do you hope to apply? What skills do you bring forward as you enter graduate school and which skills do you hope to acquire?
• What holes do you see in the current discipline [big picture stuff]? In what ways do you think that they can be addressed during your graduate career?
• What kind of graduate environment are you looking for? Are you particularly keen on working with one faculty advisor, and if so, why this particular person? If you are leaning more toward a cluster of advisors, as well as the department more generally, why? Hint: faculty are engaged by students who have read some of their work, have thought critically about it, and wish to develop some of the issues addressed. Further, it helps with admissions to have one or more faculty championing your case.

Essays that have the above ingredients are truly informative. They tell each faculty member why the candidate wants to go to graduate school, what problems they hope to tackle, what skills they bring, and which skills they hope to acquire. Following this format is, of course, not a ticket of admission, but it will certainly make your application more interesting and informative.

More information from faculty in this program can be found on our PRO-TiP page .

Can I take courses without being admitted to the degree program?

The only way to take Harvard FAS courses, unless you are enrolled in another Harvard graduate program or MIT, is to be admitted as a  Special Student , which allows you to take between one and four courses a semester. Foreign national students  have  to take a full-time load in order to get a student visa. Students are issued a transcript, but no degree or certificate, for their work in the Special Student program.

Admitted Special Student applicants should be aware that the Department does not have the resources to provide the same support, academic and otherwise, to Special Students as it does to PhD students. Special Students are not assigned advisors, office space, research space, research funds, financial aid, library keys, or computer lab accounts. They are restricted from taking the Department's proseminar (PSY 2010), and other courses at the discretion of the instructor. 

Many Special Students hope eventually to enroll in a psychology graduate program; some plan to apply to Harvard's Ph.D. program. However, applicants should consider the Special Student year an opportunity to take courses, rather than a way to get an early start on the PhD program. While Special Students are certainly eligible to apply, potential applicants should be aware that admission as a Special Student does not guarantee admission to the PhD program. Special Students who are later admitted to the doctoral program receive credit for appropriate graduate-level courses taken during the Special Student term(s).

• Resources for Applicants

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The clinical program is accredited by the American Psychological Association and the Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System.

Your program will typically be fully funded for five years thanks to stipend grant support and guaranteed teaching fellowships. Tuition support is also available for a six-year program. Funding is also available for research, travel, and conferences. You will have access to the latest technology at FAS Research Computing and the Neuroimaging Facility at the Center for Brain Science.

Examples of student dissertations and theses include “Childhood Anxiety Disorders: Developmental Risk Factors and Predictors of Treatment Response,” “Clarifying the Pathway to Suicide: An Examination of Subtypes of Suicidal Behavior and Their Association with Impulsiveness,” and “A Cognitive Neuroscience of Social Groups.”

Graduates have secured positions in academia at prestigious institutions such as Princeton University, Dartmouth College, and Columbia University. Others have embarked on careers with companies such as Facebook, BetterUp, and Apple.

Additional information on the graduate program is available from the Department of Psychology , and requirements for the degree are detailed in Policies .

Areas of Study

Cognition, Brain, and Behavior | Experimental Psychopathology and Clinical | Developmental | Social Psychology

Admissions Requirements

Please review the admissions requirements and other information before applying. You can find degree program-specific admissions requirements below and access additional guidance on applying from the Department of Psychology .

Academic Background

While an undergraduate concentration in psychology is not required, some social science coursework is recommended. Because the program is heavily quantitatively oriented, college-level math and statistics are also advised. Research experience is extremely helpful; successful applicants have often worked for professors, done research projects as part of college courses, written an undergraduate thesis, or volunteered in a psychology research lab.

Please Note: Before making the decision to apply, the program in psychology suggests checking individual faculty/lab websites or emailing faculty directly to inquire whether they plan to consider applicants for fall 2025 admission. It’s important to note that while individual faculty members may have every intention of bringing in a new student this year, we cannot guarantee that they will all be able to do so. The total number of offers of admission to be extended by the graduate program is based on applicant preparedness and fit, availability of university advising and support resources, and target class size. Some of these factors are not able to be determined until after the applicant pool has been finalized.

Personal Statement

Standardized tests.

GRE General: Optional for Cognition, Brain, and Behavior, Developmental, and Social Psychology. Required for Experimental Psychopathology and Clinical. GRE Subject: Optional

Theses and Dissertations

Theses & Dissertations for Psychology

See list of Psychology faculty

APPLICATION DEADLINE

Questions about the program.

Other Doctorates in Psychology

• Doctorate of Counseling Psychology (PsyD)
• Doctorate in Industrial-Organizational Psychology (PsyD)
• PsyD in General Psychology
• PhD vs. PsyD
• Online Degrees in Psychology

PhD in General Psychology

About the PhD in General Psychology

Degree type:, total credits:, aid eligible:.

General psychologists help all types of people overcome many different mental health challenges. While it’s possible to specialize in certain patient populations or conditions, a PhD in general psychology can give you the knowledge you need to use research or treatment to impact patients across a wide range of demographics and situations.

Interested in getting an education that can help you improve the lives of those struggling with mental health concerns? Keep reading to learn about the curriculum, costs, and employment opportunities related to a PhD in general psychology.

What Is a PhD in General Psychology?

A general psychology PhD is a terminal degree, or the highest degree available, in the field. The degree focuses on developing a broad base of knowledge, strong research and critical thinking skills, and analytical expertise across many subfields of psychology.  

PsyD vs. PhD degrees

There are 2 options for earning a doctoral degree in general psychology. You can earn either a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree. While both a PhD and PsyD will prepare you to work in many of the same roles, there are some key differences in program curriculum.

A PsyD program focuses more on applying existing knowledge to clinical settings and interactions with clients. In contrast, a PhD program is focused more on studying trends in the profession and producing new knowledge through research.

If your goal is to assess and treat patients with psychotherapy techniques, a PsyD may be the best choice for you. If you want to investigate psychological theory or work in academia—with or without a career in private practice—a PhD may be a better option.

Who are PhDs in psychology intended for?

PhDs in psychology are intended for students who want to work in research, academia, or administration. The degree’s emphasis on research and analysis is a good fit if you’re interested in a career as a university professor, researcher, consultant, or program director. A psychology PhD is also appropriate for private practitioners who have an interest in teaching or research since the degree meets qualifications for most state licenses and specialty certifications.

Careers with a PhD in Psychology

A PhD in general psychology can qualify you for many types of careers. This degree can lead you to positions in government agencies, corporations, universities, healthcare organizations, and private practice. While this list is by no means comprehensive, the following roles are just some of the careers you may find with a PhD.

Clinical psychologist

While a PhD emphasizes research, the degree still allows you to earn the education you need to get a psychology license and work in private practice. A clinical psychologist works with clients to help them manage challenges posed by physical, mental, or behavioral issues. Many PhD clinical psychologists maintain a private practice, while also pursuing research and/or teaching endeavors.

Salary         

According to the 2022 U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS), clinical psychologists earn a median annual salary of $96,100 .

Other requirements

To practice independently as any kind of psychologist, you’ll have to earn a psychology license in your state. This usually requires having between 1,000 and 2,000 hours of postdoctoral supervised work experience and passing the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) , as well as any other exams required by your state. After receiving your license and meeting specific criteria, you can apply for optional specialty certification in clinical psychology from the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) . Continuing education will also be required to maintain an active license.

Educational psychologist

An educational psychologist focuses on identifying and studying the ways people learn and retain new information. Since education isn’t restricted to school settings, an educational psychologist can work to improve all types of learning at all stages of life. That said, they may specialize in 1 type of patient population, such as children, adults, or individuals with specific conditions.  

While the BLS doesn’t record salaries for educational psychologists specifically, the median annual salary for general psychologists is $117,750 .

Other requirements       

You’ll need to complete a set number of hours of supervised work experience, pass the EPPP exam and any other test required by your state, and pursue continuing education once you have your license.

Organizational psychologist

An organizational psychologist applies psychological theories to organizations and the workplace. Professionals in this field use principles of individual, group, and organizational behavior to design and implement programs related to areas such as performance, training, and quality of work life.

Salary           

According to the BLS, the median annual salary for organizational psychologists is $147,420 .

Other requirements        

Along with the work experience, testing requirements, and continuing education required of all licensed psychologists, you can opt to earn certification in organizational and business consulting psychology from the ABPP specialty board.

Psychology professor

Colleges and universities typically require a PhD for psychology professors. Depending on your experience and interests, you can pursue programs that allow you to teach general or specialized psychology principles. Many psychology professors combine teaching with research to contribute new knowledge to the field.

Salary       

Psychology educators at the postsecondary level earn a median annual salary of $79,870 .

To work as a psychology professor, you’ll have to earn your teaching certification from your state’s Board of Education. This typically involves completing an approved teacher preparation program and passing required exams. Certification renewal may be required every few years depending on your state’s criteria.

Research psychologist

A PhD is the standard for conducting independent research in the field of psychology. Research psychologists typically work in universities, government health agencies, and private research organizations. They’re typically required to publish their findings in peer-reviewed journals and give presentations at psychology conferences to maintain their positions.  

While the BLS doesn’t track salaries specifically for research psychologists, you may expect to earn around the same as a psychology professor. However, salaries can vary greatly depending on the exact setting in which you work.

As with all other psychologists, you’ll need to meet the national and state-specific requirements for earning your license.

Admission Requirements Before Starting a PhD in General Psychology

PhD admission requirements vary by program and school. Most students begin the program with a master’s degree in psychology or an advanced degree in a closely related field. Getting into a leading PhD program can be competitive and most base their admissions on a holistic assessment of the following:

• Academic and professional letters of recommendation
• Academic writing samples
• Official academic transcripts
• 1-on-1 interview
• Proof of internship or professional experience
• Responses to admission essays

Do you need to take the GRE or other standardized tests?

Achieving a specific score on the GRE is a requirement for admission to many general psychology PhD programs, though some don’t require this or any other standardized test. You’ll need to check with your program of choice for specific requirements.

GRE scores for the most competitive psychology graduate programs average around 160 out of 170 on both the Verbal and Quantitative sections, and about a 5 out of 6 on Analytical Writing. Some PhD programs may also require the GRE Psychology subject test for admission. Schools that do require the GRE or another standardized test typically only accept scores received within the previous 5 years of your application date.

Can you get in without a master’s degree?

Some general psychology PhD programs accept students without a master’s, but you’ll need at least a bachelor’s degree for admission. Programs that don’t require a master’s are often called dual or joint-degree programs.

They’re configured so that you earn a master’s degree after accruing a set number of credits in the PhD curriculum. These may take longer than other PsyD programs , but they can ultimately save you time and money overall as your credits are being counted toward 2 degrees simultaneously. 

Can you get in if your master’s isn’t in psychology?

Many programs allow students to enter without a master’s specifically in the field, though you’ll probably have to complete prerequisites in psychology, human development, or statistics before beginning any PhD coursework.

Can you apply credits from a master’s degree?

Some programs allow you to apply credits from a master’s degree, though it’s usually contingent on whether the credits are applicable to the program’s coursework. In addition, most schools only accept transfer credits from an institution approved by the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Commission on Accreditation .      

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Psychology?

Your PhD in psychology can take between 4 and 8 years to complete, with about 4–6 years being the average. For APA accreditation, programs must provide at least 3 full-time academic years and a 1-year internship. The number of credits required for graduation varies significantly by program, with the average being between 60 and 90 semester credits or the quarter equivalent.

Your time to completion is also determined by the structure of your program, your dissertation subject, and whether you attend full- or part-time. If you’re earning a master’s degree concurrent with your PhD, you can expect your program to take at least 5 years to complete. Some programs limit the amount of time you have to finish your degree to between 7 and 8 years.

The PhD in Psychology Curriculum

The PhD in general psychology curriculum emphasizes research, teaching, and leadership in the field. The coursework is intended to provide students with the unique perspective of a scientist-practitioner. Most PhD in psychology programs require a dissertation, which count toward a set number of credits.

What courses are involved?

Common classes in general psychology PhD programs include coursework in:

• Foundations of theory and practice of psychology
• Qualitative analysis and design Advanced inferential statistics
• Program evaluation
• Quantitative analysis and design
• Research theory, design, and methods
• Teaching of psychology
• Professional ethics, law, and psychology

Popular concentrations      

A PhD in general psychology typically allows you to take courses in a broad range of popular concentrations. Depending on the number of electives you’re allowed, you may be able to combine courses in more than 1 concentration to design an individualized program that meets your goals.

Specific concentrations vary by program, but popular options include:

• Child and adolescent development
• Consultation
• Organizational
• Program evaluation and measurement
• Teaching and instruction

Is an internship required?

Requirements vary by school, however, APA-accredited programs must include at least a 1-year full-time or 2-year part-time internship. Even if your program doesn’t require an internship, you’ll need between 1,000 and 2,000 hours of postdoctoral experience to qualify for a psychologist license in your state.

Are There Online PhD Programs in Psychology?

There are 3 different structures of programs that allow you to earn a PhD in general psychology, though keep in mind that you’ll most likely still be required to gain hands-on experience no matter the design of your program.

Online PhD programs let you complete most of your coursework online at your convenience. However, most online programs have an internship or research requirement that you’ll have to complete in person. In addition, some states require that qualifying degrees include at least 1 year in-residence.

Classroom PhD programs provide the most comprehensive experience. By attending courses onsite, you’ll be able to interact with professors and fellow students in-person. While attending school full-time isn’t an option for everyone, the experience can facilitate your participation in psychology research.

Hybrid programs combine online and onsite courses. Most hybrid courses allow you to complete courses online with the requirement to attend periodic seminars or courses on campus or at regional locations. Hybrid programs incorporate the convenience of online learning with the support of regular in-person instruction and supervision.

How to Pick a Degree Program

When selecting a general psychology PhD program, look for accreditation from the APA, the Canadian Psychological Association , or another accrediting body recognized by the ABPP . Accreditation ensures that your program meets the minimum standards of quality defined by the profession, qualifies you for state licensing applications, and meets the criteria for ABPP specialty certifications.

It’s also important to ensure that your institution is accredited by an institutional accrediting organization recognized by the U.S. Department of Education . Attending an accredited institution is a prerequisite for applying for federal financial aid and can ensure that your credits are accepted by other accredited institutions.

Choosing a general psychology PhD program requires comparing its structure, curriculum, and cost against your professional goals and financial resources. Consider the following:

• Does the program offer courses in the specialized areas I want?
• Can I take classes part-time and/or online?
• Will I have to complete a dissertation?
• What’s the average class size?
• How many students match with their first-choice internship?
• What are the program’s rates for graduation and employment?
• How do graduates perform in exams for licensure and certification?
• Are assistantships, fellowships and/or scholarships available?

Financial Aid for Psychology PhD Students

The cost for your general psychology PhD will depend on the type of institution you attend.

While the cost can be daunting at first, keep in mind that PhD students often qualify for partial to full tuition remission through research or teaching assistantships. In addition, you may qualify for reduced student housing and other benefits while working on campus in these positions.

School-sponsored fellowships and scholarships are additional sources of income. These awards may be short- or long-term and can include additional benefits and stipends.

You also may be eligible for other kinds of financial aid. Find out whether you qualify for need-based awards by submitting the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) . If you’re eligible for aid, you also may be able to secure a part-time job in the Federal Work-Study program .

For additional financial help, look to scholarships awarded for academic achievement or other criteria. Some places to check include:

• Scholarships from your program or school
• Incentive programs funded by your state
• Private businesses and foundations
• Local and national chapters of psychology associations
• Community or professional organizations
• Scholarships for nontraditional students
• Employer tuition reimbursement
• Military or other service scholarships
• Federal or private student loans

Does psychology qualify for student loan forgiveness?

Your PhD in general psychology may qualify for student loan forgiveness if you have direct federal student loans, make a minimum of 120 repayments, and have a full-time position in a nonprofit organization or government agency. Other standards can require that you work in an area where there’s a shortage of psychologists. 

The U.S. government funds the following loan forgiveness programs:

• Federal Perkins Loan Cancellation Program
• Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program
• National Health Services Corps Loan Repayment Program
• National Institutes of Health (NIH) Student Loan Repayment Program

You may also qualify for state loan forgiveness programs by meeting similar criteria for employment and repayment. Contact your state’s Department of Health for details about available programs.

• Psychology Programs

Accredited Psychology PhD and PsyD Programs That Don’t Require GRE [2024]

Not that long ago, the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) was a basic requirement to get into most master’s degree and doctoral programs. That’s no longer the case.

While many Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs still request your GRE scores, a growing number have omitted that requirement. Rather than relying on your performance on a four-hour-long exam to predict how you might do in graduate school, more and more schools are taking a holistic view of your educational background as a determiner of how equipped you are for graduate studies.

This shift has taken hold in the natural and life sciences, including many psychology programs.

If you want to enroll in a psychology PhD/PsyD program but don’t want to take the GRE, consider enrolling in one of the programs listed below.

Psychology PhD Programs That Don’t Require GRE

Listed below are some of the popular schools that offer psychology PhD programs that don’t require GRE:

Stanford University

The university of arizona, the chicago school of professional psychology.

• Boston University
• Grand Canyon University

Capella University

Northcentral university.

• The University of Arizona Global Campus

Not only does the Ph.D. program at Stanford not require the GRE for admission, but it’s also one of the best psychology programs in the nation. In fact, Stanford ranks first in the country for psychology, according to US News and World Report .

Stanford’s Ph.D. program requires you to complete at least 135 course units, which typically takes about five years of full-time study. During that time, you will focus on gaining knowledge and skills in two areas: psychological theory and psychological research.

The requisite skills in psychological theory and related areas come in courses and seminars that populate the program’s first few years. You will take part in high-level inquiries with your professors and classmates and have opportunities to tailor your learning to your desired sub-discipline.

The development of research-related skills come from hands-on research experiences. These experiences begin your first semester and comprise about half of your time in the program, though much more research occurs in the latter years of your studies.

Application requirements for this program include the following:

• Have a bachelor’s degree or higher from an accredited U.S. institution (or an equivalent program abroad)
• Submit an application
• Submit transcripts from any college you’ve attended for at least one year
• Submit a statement of purpose
• Submit three to six letters of recommendation

Additionally, if you aren’t a native English speaker, you must submit scores from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).

You can study three distinct areas of psychology in the Ph.D. program at the University of Arizona: Cognition and Neural Systems, Social Psychology, or Clinical Psychology. In each case, taking the GRE is not a requirement for admission.

Since this program is in the College of Science, all three specialization areas have a heavy research component. Likewise, your studies in this program will be highly interdisciplinary, with coursework in areas like Speech and Language Science, Neuroscience, and Cognitive Science.

This is a full-time, residential, 63-credit program that takes four to five years to complete. You will take varied courses, including statistics, research fundamentals, and current issues in psychological theory. Additionally, you must take six units of elective coursework in your specialty area.

As noted above, you will undertake psychological research throughout your tenure in the program. There are research opportunities both on and off campus. Regardless of where you conduct research, you will work closely with a faculty member who will help guide and direct your research activities.

Application to this program requires that you:

• Submit an application to the graduate college and pay a $90 fee
• Have a 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale
• Submit letters of recommendation from past professors (including two who teach psychology)

The Chicago School of Professional Psychology offers a number of doctoral programs that don’t require a GRE. This includes the Psy.D. in Clinical Forensic Psychology offered at their Anaheim, California campus.

This is a full-time residential program that requires four years to complete. Your time in the program is spent in seminars, conducting research, and getting real-world experience using your forensic psychology skills in supervised situations. You will take courses in topics ranging from Forensic Assessment to Violence and Risk Assessment to Psychopathology.

Likewise, you must complete a practicum and an internship in forensic psychology to graduate. The practicum serves as a highly supervised entry point to working in the field. In contrast, the internship is a culminating field experience where you conduct more independent (yet still supervised) fieldwork.

This program also has a dissertation component. Dissertation research is done throughout the program, but the dissertation defense takes place after the practicum and before the internship.

Admissions requirements include submitting the following:

• An application to the program, along with a $50 fee
• A resume or curriculum vitae
• A personal essay
• Official college transcripts
• Three letters of recommendation

Boston University (BU)

Boston University’s program is worth a look if you want to pursue a Ph.D. in clinical psychology but don’t want to take the GRE. This program began in the 1940s and has been accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) since 1948. As such, the education you get at BU aligns with current standards of psychological practice.

This five-year clinical program includes traditional coursework and seminars, as well as opportunities to conduct research and get clinical experience. In fact, you will begin psychological research in your first year in the program, and internship experiences follow in the second year. These opportunities extend throughout the program until year five, which includes two semesters of internship placements.

Initially, your formal clinical training is on campus at BU’s Psychological Services Center. Your training includes 10 hours of work per week for a period of 11 months. During the third year of the program, your clinical experiences move to locations off campus and require you to work two full days each week for 11 months. The final internship during the fifth year of the program is a full-time placement.

Additional graduation requirements include dissertation research and defense, compiling a portfolio of competencies, and passing a qualifying exam.

To apply to BU’s Ph.D. program in clinical psychology, you must submit the following:

• An application by December 31 for the following academic year
• A personal statement explaining why you are a good fit for this program

The general psychology Ph.D. program at Northcentral University is another excellent example of a Ph.D. program that doesn’t require the GRE, provided your college GPA is at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale.

This is a non-licensure program, so completing this degree won’t qualify you as a licensed clinical psychologist. However, the program’s emphasis on biological and social bases of behavior, and the robust research requirements, prepare you for many different jobs in psychology research.

You will need about four years to complete the 60 credits for graduation. Northcentral offers flexible courses to assist you in completing your degree with minimal disruptions to your life and work. For example, there are no weekly assignments, no lecture hours, and courses start every week.

Furthermore, Northcentral’s Ph.D. in psychology program offers one-to-one engagement with your professors, all of whom hold a doctorate in this field. You will benefit from their expertise by developing the ability to:

• Evaluate ethical considerations in psychology
• Use psychological theories and techniques in professional contexts
• Evaluate psychological research and analyze data

Northcentral provides the following guidelines for applying to this program:

• You must have a master’s degree from an accredited institution.
• If your master’s degree is in psychology, you may begin the Ph.D. program immediately.
• If your master’s degree is not in psychology, Northcentral will evaluate your transcripts to determine what prerequisite courses you need to take, if any.

Capella University offers a number of psychology doctoral programs, none of which require you to take the GRE. These include:

• Ph.D. in General Psychology
• Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology
• Ph.D. in Educational Psychology
• Ph.D. in Behavior Analysis
• Ph.D. in Industrial-Organizational Psychology
• Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology
• Psy.D. in School Psychology
• Ed.S. in School Psychology

Needless to say, Capella offers the pathways you need to pursue a specific type of expertise in psychology. Whether you want to practice in a clinical setting, conduct research in a laboratory, apply psychological principles in the workplace, or something in between, these programs will prepare you to do so.

Depending on your chosen specialty, your program might take two to five years to complete. Furthermore, some specialties offer 100 percent online studies, while others have online and in-person requirements. Additionally, some tracks, like behavioral analysis, have more research requirements than other tracks.

You need to meet the following requirements to apply to one of Capella’s doctoral programs in psychology:

• Submit an application and a $50 fee
• Possess a master’s degree from a regionally-accredited school in the United States or from a foreign program that is internationally recognized
• Submit transcripts from your master’s program showing a minimum 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale

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Applying to Graduate School

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This series of 12 videos takes prospective graduate students step-by-step through the preparation, application, interview, and admission processes. The presenters combine decades of advising experience and research findings with evidence-based and anxiety-reducing strategies for mastering each step.

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Master's in Psychology Prerequisites

Can you get a master's in psychology with a different bachelor's?

Many students who have completed an undergraduate degree in a non-psychology field might want to switch to psychology for graduate school. Can you get a master's in psychology with a different bachelor's in another subject?

It is possible, but you'll need to determine what prerequisites you'll need to get a master's or doctorate in psychology. You may need to complete these prerequisite courses before gaining full admission to a graduate program.

At a Glance

Not everyone figures out where their passions and interests lie during the busy undergraduate years, but it's really never too late to start! It just depends on how much time, effort, and commitment you are willing to put into making the switch to psychology for graduate school.

Let's take a look at things you might want to consider before switching to pursue psychology in grad school, including the prerequisites you'll need before you enroll in a master's or doctorate program.

Can You Switch to Psychology?

So can you switch to a graduate degree in psychology if your undergraduate degree is in a completely different field? Yes, but there are a few important things you need to consider.

• First, you might need to take some additional courses in order to meet the prerequisites before applying to a graduate program .
• Next, you need to be sure that you have completed any tests that are required for admissions to the program, which may include the GRE and the psychology subject test .

Before you fully commit to a graduate program, you might want to consider starting with a few prerequisite psychology courses. This can not only get you up-to-speed on the subject matter, but it will also help give you a better idea of whether you really want to continue your studies in psychology. 

Common Master's in Psychology Prerequisites

Start by looking at a few graduate programs that interest you. Contact each program to learn more about their admissions procedures and requirements.

Some of the most common prerequisites needed for admission to psychology graduate programs include:

• Statistics 
• Experimental methods  
• Introductory psychology
• Abnormal psychology
• Child development
• Personality psychology
• Psychopathology

Some programs have specific credit requirements before enrolling in a master's or doctorate psychology program. For example, you may be required to have a minimum number of credit hours of undergraduate psychology coursework before you enroll in a graduate program. 

It's always a good idea to check with the specific program where you plan to apply. They can offer guidance and suggestions to improve your chances of being admitted to the program.

Program requirements vary. Some schools may require you to complete these prerequisites before applying to the program. Others may admit you to the program and require you to complete the prerequisite courses before you begin taking courses in the program.

Other Prerequisites for Graduate Study in Psychology

Other prerequisites you may need to fulfill before being admitted to a master's or doctorate psychology program include:

• Letters of recommendation : You may need to submit recommendation letters from professors or professionals who can comment on your academic or work qualifications.
• Statement of purpose : Some programs may require you to write a letter describing your background and why you are interested in studying psychology.
• Resume/CV : Some programs may require you to submit your resume or CV to detail your academic, work, and volunteer experience.
• Interview : Some graduate programs may require interviews as part of the admission process. During your interview, you will likely discuss why you are interested in pursuing a master's or doctorate in psychology and your plans for the future.
• Work or volunteer experience : If you come from a different educational background, a psychology program may also ask that you gain a certain number of hours working or volunteering in a psychology-related setting. Internships, volunteer opportunities, and research assistantships are a few possibilities for gaining such experience.

Tests You'll Need to Take

In addition to taking prerequisite classes, you will most likely need to take the GRE and psychology subject tests before submitting your application for admission.

Some graduate-level psychology programs no longer require the GRE for admission. However, some may accept test results to help supplement your application. A good score on the GRE may help demonstrate your ability to succeed in a psychology program even though your bachelor's is in a different subject.

Psychology Graduate Degree Options

Finally, you should remember that there are different psychology degree options to choose from.

Master's in Psychology

You might opt to get a master's in psychology. Such programs may focus on a specific area of psychology, such as clinical or forensic psychology. You might earn a Master of Arts (MA) or a Master of Science (MS).

Such programs may be offered as a terminal degree, meaning you can enter professional practice in your specialty area once you graduate. In other cases, a master's degree may be offered as a transitional step toward a doctorate degree in psychology.

A master's degree in psychology typically takes between two to three years of graduate study to complete. If you are switching to psychology after earning a bachelor's in a different subject, you'll need to also factor in the time it takes you to complete the necessary prerequisite courses.

Depending on the type of degree you earn and your specialty, you might work in therapy, research, teaching, or an applied field such as forensic or industrial-organizational psychology.

Doctorate in Psychology

If you plan on getting a doctorate degree in psychology, you also have a couple of options. A PhD in psychology is one available possibility, but you might also opt for a PsyD program. PsyD programs typically focuses on professional practice while PhD programs center more on a combination of research and practice.

Doctorate programs typically take six to seven years to complete.

Career Options With a Master's or Doctorate in Psychology

While clinical psychology is definitely one of the largest employment areas within psychology, there are many alternatives that will also allow you to work in the field, such as health psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, and forensic psychology.  

Next, learn more about some of your career options with a graduate degree in psychology . If you're still unsure what specific focus you'd like your psychology career to take, this quiz was made just for you .

The key thing to note here is that switching to psychology for graduate school is definitely possible, but it will take some effort on your part. Making sure you have the required prerequisites is an essential step.

If psychology is your passion, then you should definitely spend some time looking at your options and figuring out how you can get started on the path toward your dream career.

American Psychological Association. Master's careers in psychology .

Gee DG, DeYoung KA, McLaughlin KA, et al. Training the next generation of clinical psychological scientists: A data-driven call to action .  Annu Rev Clin Psychol . 2022;18:43-70. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500

Vollmer S, Spada H, Caspar F, Burri S. Expertise in clinical psychology. The effects of university training and practical experience on expertise in clinical psychology .  Front Psychol . 2013;4:141. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00141

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.  Psychologists .  Occupational Outlook Handbook .

American Psychological Association.  Doctoral degrees in psychology: How are they different, or not so different?

Kuther TL.  The Psychology Major's Handbook .  Boston, MA: Cengage Learning; 2016.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

• Degree Guide
• 9 Psychology Graduate Programs That Don’t Require the GRE (Apply Today!)

Psychology Graduate Programs That Don’t Require GRE

Psychology Graduate Programs Without GRE Requirements Do Exist!

Psychology graduate programs that don’t require the GRE may come as a relief to candidates. Especially those who are interested in furthering their educational goals without having to take a costly, difficult test.

We’ve found schools with psychology grad programs that look beyond test scores, making the GRE either optional or not part of the application at all. Whether you’re hoping to earn a master’s degree, a PhD, or a PsyD no GRE, these nine schools are worth checking out.

List of 9 Schools Offering Psychology Graduate Programs That Don’t Require the GRE

These nine sponsored graduate schools below offer master’s and/or doctorate programs in psychology, with no GRE required.* In fact, it is free! So click to learn more about the programs that interest you, or fill out our form to get matched!

*GRE requirements subject to change

written by Shannon Fandler

Sacred Heart University

Sacred Heart University is a private, Catholic university founded in 1963. They serve over 8,500 students across over 80 academic programs. Sacred Heart offers both traditional programs on campus in Fairfield, Connecticut, and online programs that on the whole may be ideal for working adults.

SHU is home to an online Master of Science in Applied Psychology program that does not require the GRE. However, students who wish to strengthen their application are encouraged to submit GRE scores. In addition, students also don’t need to have earned their bachelor’s degree in psychology. However, they must complete prerequisites in order to embark on their graduate studies.

Psychology Graduate Programs:

• Master of Science in Applied Psychology – Industrial-Organizational Psychology
• Master of Science in Applied Psychology – Community Psychology

About the GRE:

Northcentral university.

Northcentral University is a completely online, regionally accredited university that offers both undergraduate and graduate programs in areas like Psychology, Health Sciences, Business, and more. They serve students from around the world.

NCU is home to several master’s and doctorate programs designed to help students pursue new goals in psychology. For instance, the 60-credit PhD in Psychology features eight specializations, including gender diversity, gerontology, addictions, and health psychology. None of the psychology graduate programs at NCU require the GRE.

• Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology – Gender Diversity Studies
• Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology – General Psychology
• Master of Science in Child and Adolescent Developmental Psychology
• Master of Science in Industrial/Organizational Psychology
• Not required

Vanguard University

Vanguard University is a private, Christian university dedicated to liberal arts and professional studies. The university is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). They are based in Costa Mesa, California.

Vanguard offers Master of Science degrees in Clinical Psychology and Organizational Psychology. Each differs slightly when it comes to goals and application requirements. However, neither program accepts GRE scores for consideration in the admissions process.

• Master of Science in Clinical Psychology
• Master of Science in Organizational Psychology
• Not required or considered

Grand Canyon University

Grand Canyon University is a private, Christian university with over 65 years of serving students. GCU is based in Phoenix and has locations in Arizona and New Mexico, in addition to online learning. They offer career-focused learning in areas like STEM, business, healthcare, and more.

GCU is home to several graduate programs in psychology and counseling. These include a Ph.D. in General Psychology program with your choice of emphasis, and a Master of Science (M.S.) in General Psychology program designed to help students explore contemporary and ethical issues in psychology, human development, research methods, and more. The GRE is not required.

• Ph.D. in General Psychology with an Emphasis in Performance Psychology
• M.S. in Professional Counseling with an Emphasis in Childhood and Adolescence Disorders
• M.S. in Psychology: General Psychology

California Southern University

California Southern University is a private, online university offering undergraduate, master’s and doctoral degree programs. Their mission is to help make higher education more accessible for busy, working adults. CalSouthern is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).

CalSouthern is home to several graduate psychology programs, including a 66-credit PsyD program designed to help students pursue licensure in the state of California. Each program requires an enrollment application, official transcripts, a personal statement, and an application fee. Submitting GRE scores is not necessary.

• PsyD – Doctor of Psychology
• Master of Arts in Psychology (MA)

• Award-winning programs created to help you succeed.
• A quality education doesn’t have to be expensive. Earn an accredited degree for less.
• Programs started monthly – Apply free this week!

Walden University

Walden University has been specifically designed to serve the unique needs of adult learners, and has been doing so for the past 45 years. Walden serves students from all 50 states and more than 150 countries. This diverse student population pursues degrees that reflect current market trends and promote positive social change.

When it comes to psychology offerings Walden has you covered. The school offers four master’s programs and five doctoral options, and some have concentrations available. Currently, none of these programs require the GRE.

• Master of Science (MS) in Psychology: Social Psychology
• (MS) Master of Science in Psychology: Organizational Development
• Master of Science (MS) in Forensic Psychology: Family Violence
• PhD in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Leadership Development and Coaching
• PhD in Development Psychology: Health and Human Development

Saybrook University

Saybrook University is an institution of higher education that takes a humanistic approach to education. They focus on psychology and other social sciences, as well as integrative medicine and health sciences. Saybrook is based in Oakland, California.

Saybrook is home to Humanistic and Clinical Psychology programs that focus on the whole person. Choose from integrative concentrations such as Creativity Studies and Existential, Humanistic, and Transpersonal Psychology. No GRE scores are needed.

• Ph.D. Psychology, Clinical Specialization
• PhD Psychology

The Chicago School of Professional Psychology

The Chicago School of Professional Psychology has been educating students in psychology and related behavioral science programs since 1979. They have campuses around the country, including Chicago, New Orleans, Dallas, Southern California, and Washington, D.C., plus online learning.

While some of the programs at The Chicago School do require GRE scores (see above), others make test scores optional. Check out the 60-credit M.A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling program, which features courses in Couples & Family Counseling, Diversity & Multiculturalism, Addictions, and more.

• Ph.D. Applied Behavior Analysis
• M.A. International Psychology
• M.A. Clinical Mental Health Counseling
• The GRE is only required for the following programs: Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology, Psy.D. in Clinical Forensic Psychology, Psy.D. in Business Psychology

Lynn University

Lynn University is a private university founded in 1962. They serve over 3,000 undergraduate and graduate students across six schools and 37 majors. The university is based in Boca Raton, Florida, convenient to Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami-Dade counties. They also offer online programs.

Lynn offers an MS in Psychology program that may be earned entirely online. The curriculum focuses on psychological research and human behavior, with an emphasis on scientific writing and information literacy. Choose from two tracks: general or industrial/organizational psychology.

• MS in Psychology
• Not Required

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5 Things You Need to Know About Applying to Psychology Graduate Programs That Don’t Require the GRE

If you’re applying to a GRE-free graduate program in psychology, as a result you may not have to worry about test scores. But while skipping the GRE means one less thing to prepare for when it comes to that lengthy grad school application process, there is still plenty more you’ll need to do to ensure you’re as competitive as you can be.

The GRE is all about evaluating students for their potential success as graduate students. But, there are other ways to prove your potential. For one thing, as you apply to Psychology graduate programs that don’t require the GRE, you may want to:

1. Find Strong Recommenders

In fact, most psychology graduate programs require letters of recommendation. For example, Saybrook University – which offers tracks like clinical psychology PhD programs, no GRE – requires one letter of recommendation. However, many programs ask for two or more. With this in mind, it’s wise to put some time into finding recommenders who know your work and can speak to your strengths.

2. Perfect Your Personal Statement

A personal statement is a chance to explain why you wish to pursue graduate work in psychology, the contributions you hope to make to your field, etc. This may be a great chance to wow admissions, so be sure to pay attention to requirements on the length and topic of your statement. California Southern University – which offers potential paths such as online PsyD programs, no GRE – asks for one to two pages about your background, education, work experience, and motivation for grad school.

3. Highlight Your Work Experience

Not all programs may require work experience, but most programs will be interested in any relevant professional or volunteer experience you have. For instance, the Chicago School of Professional Psychology states that they value professional experience and accomplishments as part of a holistic admissions process.

4. Prepare for an Interview

After all, some psychology graduate programs require an interview, which may be the ideal chance to let your passion and personality shine. For this reason, get comfortable in advance by doing practice interviews and preparing to answer questions about your background, interests, strengths, and professional goals.

5. Pay Attention to Prerequisites

Many psychology graduate programs require candidates to have completed prerequisite courses – like Human Development of Theories of Personality – before they can move on to graduate studies. Therefore learn about your prospective school’s prerequisites to make sure you meet the requirements, and find out if you can take additional courses to make up subjects you missed.

Check out partner institutions in the table below.

List of Psychology Graduate Programs That Don’t Require GRE

Other Psychology Graduate Programs with No GRE Required

You may also be interested in these Psychology graduate programs that do not require a GRE:

• Online Psychology Masters (no GRE)
• Speech Pathology programs (no GRE)
• Online School Counseling programs (no GRE)

Featured Schools

All Partner Schools with Psychology (or Related) Programs

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Department of Psychology

You are here, overview of the program.

These are remarkable times for psychology. Scientific breakthroughs concerning the biological, emotional, cognitive, and social basis of normal and abnormal behavior are reported in the media almost daily. The faculty associated with the Department of Psychology at Yale University represents the cutting edge of research and scholarship in this broad and exciting field.

The primary goal of graduate education in psychology at Yale University is the training of researchers, for academic and applied settings, who will broaden and deepen the knowledge base on which the science of psychology rests. The graduate program in the Department of Psychology annually enrolls about 15 new Ph.D. students. When applying to the Department, each potential graduate student indicates one of five areas of concentration, and usually has a “home” in a particular lab, but it is also possible to collaborate with faculty and students in other labs and participate in programs that cut across these traditional areas (e.g., cognitive, affective and social neuroscience; health sciences).

Our Department has an illustrious history, but, more important, continues to reinvigorate itself by recruiting the most outstanding scholars we can identify in clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, neuroscience, and social-personality psychology, with special efforts to attract those whose interests bridge these areas. These scholars include faculty, research scientists, postdoctoral fellows, graduate students, and undergraduates in Psychology and other programs (e.g., the School of Management, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program).

A primary objective of our graduate program is to encourage research that follows from an understanding of the substantive and methodological bases of scientific psychology as well as from other social and biological sciences. We encourage students to appreciate the multiple historical and theoretical contexts from which the field has emerged, and to create an environment that facilitates student and faculty interest and participation in research activities. Moreover, many members of the faculty are committed to exploring the impact of their work on individual, community, and societal problems. Consequently, faculty and student interests and research often bridge basic science to issues of public policy, providing opportunities for students to develop broad areas of expertise.

We are deeply committed to graduate education and are eager to work closely with students to help them take advantage of the rich offerings of our Department and University in ways that suit their interests and talents. Our department is a thriving and diverse intellectual community that is committed to a culture of inclusiveness. The relatively small size of our graduate program and the large number of primary and affiliated faculty ensure that each student receives extensive attention in following an individualized curriculum. Over the years, we have cultivated a supportive environment that provides rigorous training. Our program is an active, exciting, flexible, and challenging setting in which qualified students who share our interests thrive. We welcome your application.

School Psychology PhD Program of Study

Doctoral program course sequence.

Program Handbook (PDF)

Students in our APA-accredited PhD program complete a minimum of 117 graduate credits. Students who enter the program directly from the baccalaureate degree earn a master's of education (M.Ed.) in education en route to completing the doctoral program requirements. Students who enter the program with previously earned graduate credits may apply up to 12 of those credits toward the doctoral plan of study. Students are not required to retake courses that apply to the doctoral plan of study in school psychology; rather, courses and credits in excess of the 12 that are transferred in are waived from the doctoral plan of study and replacement courses are selected in areas mutually agreed upon by the student and advisor. In these instances, students often elect to take additional course work in areas of psychology and neuroscience, and measurement and statistics. Typically, students are awarded their PhD degree after 5 or 6 years of graduate work – 3 or 4 years of coursework (including practicum requirements), 1-year full-time doctoral internship, and dissertation work (which usually bridges the 4 years on campus and the year of internship).

**In addition to the courses listed above, students are required to take EDUC 687M (research credits) during any semester in which they participate in a research project (e.g. faculty research, dissertation support) or participate in regularly scheduled faculty research team meetings.

Accreditation

Questions about our APA-accreditation should be directed to the Commission on Accreditation:

Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation American Psychological Association 750 1st Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002 Phone: (202) 336-5979 apaacred [at] apa [dot] org (apaacred[at]apa[dot]org) www.apa.org/ed/accreditation

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PhD is high note for UL graduate using music therapy to help new mothers

A music therapy graduate, praised for her work towards developing an innovative therapy service for new mothers, ended her time at University of Limerick on a high note this week as she was conferred with a PhD from the Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences.

Dr Pui Sze Cheung, originally from Hong Kong, completed her PhD research in the area of using music therapy in perinatal mental health services to improve maternal mental health and wellbeing. She joined over 3,600 students graduating this week as part of UL’s autumn conferrings.  

Pui Sze’s dedication to this research is rooted in her lifelong passion for music. Having studied psychology at undergraduate level, she was keen to combine her degree with her love of music and pursue music therapy as a career; however, with no such course existing in her native country at the time, she opted to become a music teacher.  

It wasn’t long before the “dream” of studying music therapy caught up with Pui Sze, and in 2014 she moved to Ireland with her husband. She studied jazz and contemporary music performance in Dublin’s New Park Music Centre, enthusiastic at the opportunity to continue her education at the prestigious Berklee College of Music in Boston at the end of the two-year programme.  

During that time, Pui Sze says, she became aware of UL through conversations with her peers, who frequently referenced the prestige of the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance . While she had applied to study music therapy at Berklee and had successfully secured a place on a scholarship, she embraced curiosity and the lure of UL. 

“At the time, I thought ‘OK, since I’m applying and doing auditions, why don’t I go for the course in Limerick as well?’ So, when I finished the music course in 2016, I applied for the MA in Music Therapy at UL,” she recalls.  

Pui Sze found herself in the fortunate position of having to choose between Berklee and UL, and, in the end, Limerick won out. 

“When I came to UL, I thought the environment was really nice and the programme seemed very rich – there were a lot of opportunities,” she says. 

It was during her MA that Pui Sze was first introduced to the concept of using music therapy to support mothers. Her thesis focused on the use of music during childbirth, and she worked with parents on designing bespoke playlists to support them through the pain, stress and anxiety experienced during the process. 

The research project was illuminating to Pui Sze, who recognised there was “a lot of potential for using music in supporting new parents”. After hearing first-hand of the mental health needs of mothers and their support systems during the perinatal period, and the lack of literature on the role of music therapy in addressing those needs, Pui Sze chose to develop her research further through a PhD. 

Supported by supervisors Dr Tríona McCaffrey (Irish World Academy of Music and Dance, UL) and Dr Sylvia Murphy-Tighe (Department of Nursing and Midwifery, UL), along with Dr Mas Mahady Mohamad, Consultant Psychiatrist with the Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Team (University Maternity Hospital Limerick/UMHL), Pui Sze developed a pilot study to explore the impact of a six-week music therapy programme with a small group of women attending the Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Services at UMHL. 

The research results were “promising” and “encouraging”, Pui Sze says. 

“[The pilot] has clinical significance; every mothers participating in music therapy had significant improvement in the levels of anxiety, mental wellbeing, and prenatal attachment.” 

The significance of Pui Sze’s PhD research has also been acknowledged at government level, receiving funding for its continuance through the Women’s Health Fund. Up to €1.9 million was pledged to this fund by the Department of Health in 2022, following consultation with the Health Service Executive, for the development of services to support women and girls.  

For Pui Sze, the next step will be to develop and scale up the research project nationally and, she hopes, internationally.  

“This kind of service doesn’t exist at all in Ireland. Even in the UK, I don’t think there is that particular service, with perinatal health,” she says. 

The dream, for Pui Sze, would be to see music therapy for perinatal mental health rolled out as a service in Ireland and further afield, making a tangible difference to the lives of new mothers and their families, as well as practitioners. 

“When you work with the pregnant population, there is so much potential and you can see how a very tiny change for the mother can mean so much for the family and have so much impact for the long-term development of both the parents and the children. I just really love this kind of work,” she says. 

Looking back on her time at UL, PuiSze – who was the recipient of several scholarships, including the Stepping Stone Scholarship for non-EU students – says the support she received during both her MA and PhD made her dream into a reality. 

“I wouldn’t have been able to pursue the MA/PHD without this support … I am forever grateful for the opportunities and support that the Irish World Academy of Dance has given me.”