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Travel Guide: Moscow

Travel guide: moscow presentation, free google slides theme and powerpoint template.

Do you know some acquaintances that want to travel to Russia, the biggest country in this planet? Now you can be their own tour guide with this template. Include as much information as possible about tourist attractions, monuments and things to do in Moscow. Let the simplicity of these slides and their cool illustrations speak in favor too!

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A History of Moscow in 13 Dishes

Featured city guides.

Planning a trip to Moscow? Our travel guide contains up-to-date, personal information on everything from what to see , to when to visit , where to stay , and what to eat !

• General Information
• What to see
• How to get to Moscow
• Where to stay
• Where to eat

Why visit Moscow?

Majestic churches, impressive historic fortresses, and palatial buildings: Moscow is a fascinating city whose emblematic architecture reflects the turbulent history that has defined Russia throughout the centuries.

The traces of the USSR can be found around every corner of the city , side by side with the iconic relics of Imperial Russia , like the mythical Red Square , the imposing Kremlin , and the beautiful  St Basil's Cathedral . 

Discover a fascinating world of Cold War bunkers, golden-domed basilicas, world-class art museums, and the legendary "palace of the people,"  as the Moscow Metro has been nicknamed. Whether you fancy watching a classical Russian ballet at the Bolshoi Theatre , perusing the fine arts at the Pushkin Museum , or marveling at the sheer size of the monuments to the Soviet state's achievements at the  All-Russia Exhibition Centre , this travel guide will help you on your way!

Where to start?

If you're going to travel to Moscow and you don't know much about the city yet, the first thing to do is to dive into its legendary history - understanding the past will help you understand the present. Next, check out our practical hints and tips on traveling to the city before discovering which of its most important museums , monuments , and attractions pique your interest.

Looking for a place to stay?

Booking your accommodation in advance is the best way to get great discounts. Our detailed guide on where to stay in Moscow  will help you decide which neighborhood you'd like to look for hotels or apartments in, and our hotel search engine will find you the best deals!

Why is our Moscow travel guide the best?

Introducing Moscow is a  city guide written by travelers for travelers  and contains personalized advice to help you make the most of your trip to the city.

All the information in this guide is valid as of December 2022. If you find any errors or have any comments, please feel free to contact us .

Our travel guides

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During any season, at any hour of the day, Moscow thrills visitors with its artistry, history and majesty.

Your next trip starts here

Go from dreaming to planning with trip planning options made to help you craft your ideal itinerary.

Attractions

Must-see attractions.

The Armoury dates to 1511, when it was founded under Vasily III to manufacture and store weapons, imperial arms and regalia for the royal court. Later it…

Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

Arbat & Khamovniki

This is Moscow’s premier foreign-art museum, split over three branches and showing off a broad selection of European works, including masterpieces from…

St Basil's Cathedral

At the southern end of Red Square stands the icon of Russia: St Basil’s Cathedral. This crazy confusion of colours, patterns and shapes is the culmination…

Moscow Kremlin

The apex of Russian political power and once the centre of the Orthodox Church, the Kremlin is the kernel of not only Moscow, but of the whole country…

Lenin's Mausoleum

Although Vladimir Ilych requested that he be buried beside his mum in St Petersburg, he still lies in state at the foot of the Kremlin wall, receiving…

Zamoskvorechie

Moscow's main city escape isn't your conventional expanse of nature preserved inside an urban jungle. It's not a fun fair either, though it used to be one…

Immediately outside the Kremlin’s northeastern wall is the celebrated Red Square, the 400m-by-150m area of cobblestones that is at the very heart of…

State Tretyakov Gallery Main Branch

The exotic boyar (high-ranking noble) castle on a little lane in Zamoskvorechie contains the main branch of the State Tretyakov Gallery, housing the world…

Latest stories from Moscow

Public Transport

Apr 3, 2020 • 2 min read

You can check out the history and beauty of Moscow Metro's Soviet and modern Russian architecture online.

Mar 31, 2020 • 2 min read

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Jan 23, 2020 • 5 min read

Dec 11, 2019 • 2 min read

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Everything you wanted to know about Moscow

When was Moscow founded?

Moscow appears in historical chronicles for the first time in 1147. The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky of Suzdal , and the future megalopolis started with a fortress named the Kremlin.

We have already written about the facts and secrets of Moscow's Kremlin, and all the general knowledge you could possibly wish for – not to mention some great places to eat nearby.

However, initially, the land and villages close to where Moscow is situated today did not belong to the prince. It was the property of a boyar (nobleman) called Kuchka and was known as Kuchkovo. Kuchka fell from Dolgoruky’s grace and was sentenced to death and confiscation of all his landholdings .

Why was Moscow called ‘The third Rome’?

Actually it was the Orthodox monk Philotheus (Filofei) who called Moscow the Third Rome for the first time . He wrote: "All the Christian kingdoms have come to an end and have converged in the single kingdom of our sovereign," Philotheus wrote in one of the epistles. "Two Romes fell, a third stands, and there will not be a fourth one".

NB: Did you know that there are approximately 30 cities and villages named Moscow around the world ?

When did Moscow become Russia's capital?

Despite the fact Moscow was founded in 1147, it took almost another two centuries for the city to become the capital. It was only in 1380 that Moscow became the uncontested center of Russian territory for the first time.

In 1712, a few years before the Russian Empire was established, Peter the Great decided to move the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg.

St. Petersburg remained the capital until the Empire’s demise following the 1917 Revolution. The Bolsheviks moved the capital back to Moscow in 1918 fearing foreign invasion.

Read about other places that once reigned supreme over Russian land s (spoiler: there were even six of them!)

Is it safe to travel to Moscow?

Contrary to popular notions, Russia, and especially the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg are perfectly safe for tourists. Read our guide with four travel tips to ensure a safe journey: how to talk to Russian people, deal with emergencies and not get in trouble .

To support the contrary opinion, we have 10 reasons you should never ever visit Moscow (but we are not sure it works).

Read also the top 5 mistakes foreigners make in Moscow and try not to repeat them.

Is it expensive to visit Moscow?

There’s no point to lie – yes, it is. Moscow is one of the most expensive cities in the world, but still there are activities and tours you will not spend a single ruble on .

Check if you can afford to live in Moscow !

In case you can (and will), check these 5 most expensive suites in Moscow hotels .

How to rent an apartment in Moscow?

Read the story from our ex-web-editor with really useful life hacks on how to manage it without being fooled . Another article – with advice on payment and about essential things to discuss with your new landlord .

Video guide from Tim Kirby:

Also you can read how to rent an office and how much it costs .

Take a while and check yourself: how well do you know the capital of Russia ?  

What to see and where to go?

• What to see in the Kremlin: Top 10 highlights of Moscow Kremlin museums .
• Moscow off the beaten path: What to see beyond the Kremlin and the Bolshoi .
• Major masterpieces of Tretyakov Gallery that are usually only shown to presidents and prime ministers on a tight schedule in just 30 minutes.
• 8 things you can learn in Moscow in one day .
• Park Zaryadye: 7 things that will surprise you .
• Moscow’s secret museums: 7 art galleries you need to visit .
• Contemporary art in Moscow: a guide to museums and galleries .
• 6 Moscow train stations that are temples of art, architecture and history .
• VDNKh: Everything about the Soviet Era Theme Park .

Where to eat?

• Back in the USSR: 10 places to eat in Moscow with a Soviet atmosphere .
• Where to find real Russian food in Moscow .
• Moscow after dusk: 10 places to drink, dance, and groove .
• Eating healthily: 5 restaurants to visit in Moscow .
• Midnight feasts in Moscow: 5 restaurants for night owls and insomniacs .
• A coffee map of Moscow: A guide for all occasions .
• 5 restaurants with incredible views of Moscow .

And don’t forget to download these 10 useful free apps to make your Moscow trip smooth and unforgettable .

What about the transport in Moscow?

The first one to mention is Moscow subway system – one of the most picturesque and great. Here are a few life hacks and secrets:

• 9 steps to manage the Moscow Metro like a local .
• How to use a Troika card on Moscow’s Metro, and other ways to buy tickets .
• Moscow metro navigation: Moscow metro to be more tourist-friendly .
• How to avoid trouble in the Moscow metro .
• What to see in the Metro, Moscow’s cheapest and most incredible museum .
• How to survive a zombie apocalypse in Moscow’s Metro .
• How to meet a girl on the Moscow Metro ?
• What are those strange black barrels in subway stations (and other stuff you’ve most likely seen and thought: “What the hell is that?”)
• 18 little known facts about the Moscow Metro .
• Moscow’s urban legends: Ghosts, mutant rats under the Metro .

Bonus : video guide from Tim Kirby:

You can also use alternative ground transportation. Read how Russians mock their most unusual form of transportation – the marshrutka and why Moscow residents are crazy about car sharing .

"Everything you wanted to know…" is an extended guide to the most popular topics about Russia. We constantly work on new material, and this page will be updated with new entries and information as it’s received.

If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material.

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TRAVELLING ABOUT MOSCOW

Jul 31, 2014

721 likes | 1.13k Views

TRAVELLING ABOUT MOSCOW. The Cathedral of Christ of Saviour – St.Paul’s Cathedral. The Kremlin - The Tower of London. The Bolshoi Theatre -The Globe Theatre. The Tretyakov Gallery – The National Gallery. Soldiers changing the guard. Who was Yuri Dolgoruky ?. When was Moscow first named ?.

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• uspensky cathedral
• state kremlin palace

Presentation Transcript

The Cathedral of Christ of Saviour – St.Paul’s Cathedral

The Kremlin - The Tower of London

The Bolshoi Theatre -The Globe Theatre

The Tretyakov Gallery – The National Gallery

Soldiers changing the guard

Who was Yuri Dolgoruky?

When was Moscow first named ?

When was the first Russian University founded ?

When was the first horse-drawn tram line put into service? How was it called?

When did Moscow become the capital of Russia ?

What year was the first line of Moscow Metro opened and put into operation?

Yuri Dolgoruky

Mother of Kazan Cathedral

The Kremlin

Uspensky Cathedral

Archangel Cathedral

Ivan the Great’s Bell Tower

State Kremlin Palace

The Cathedral of Christ of Saviour

The Tretyakov Gallery

The Bolshoi Theatre

ALL-RUSSIAN DECORATIVE-APPLIED and FOLK MUSEUM

The queen’s swam keeper

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The capital of Russia is Moscow. Moscow is an old city. It is more than 850 years old. The city is situated on seven hills. On one of them is the Kremlin with its ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

• The capital of Russia is Moscow. Moscow is an old city. It is more than 850 years old.
• The city is situated on seven hills. On one of them is the Kremlin with its beautiful red walls and famous towers.
• The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow.
• There are a lot of beautiful churches, cathedrals, bell towers and temples in Moscow.
• Now Moscow is the biggest and most wonderful city in Russia. There are many modern buildings, streets and bridges.

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MoSCoW Prioritization

What is moscow prioritization.

MoSCoW prioritization, also known as the MoSCoW method or MoSCoW analysis, is a popular prioritization technique for managing requirements. 

  The acronym MoSCoW represents four categories of initiatives: must-have, should-have, could-have, and won’t-have, or will not have right now. Some companies also use the “W” in MoSCoW to mean “wish.”

What is the History of the MoSCoW Method?

Software development expert Dai Clegg created the MoSCoW method while working at Oracle. He designed the framework to help his team prioritize tasks during development work on product releases.

You can find a detailed account of using MoSCoW prioritization in the Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM) handbook . But because MoSCoW can prioritize tasks within any time-boxed project, teams have adapted the method for a broad range of uses.

How Does MoSCoW Prioritization Work?

Before running a MoSCoW analysis, a few things need to happen. First, key stakeholders and the product team need to get aligned on objectives and prioritization factors. Then, all participants must agree on which initiatives to prioritize.

At this point, your team should also discuss how they will settle any disagreements in prioritization. If you can establish how to resolve disputes before they come up, you can help prevent those disagreements from holding up progress.

Finally, you’ll also want to reach a consensus on what percentage of resources you’d like to allocate to each category.

With the groundwork complete, you may begin determining which category is most appropriate for each initiative. But, first, let’s further break down each category in the MoSCoW method.

Start prioritizing your roadmap

Moscow prioritization categories.

1. Must-have initiatives

As the name suggests, this category consists of initiatives that are “musts” for your team. They represent non-negotiable needs for the project, product, or release in question. For example, if you’re releasing a healthcare application, a must-have initiative may be security functionalities that help maintain compliance.

The “must-have” category requires the team to complete a mandatory task. If you’re unsure about whether something belongs in this category, ask yourself the following.

If the product won’t work without an initiative, or the release becomes useless without it, the initiative is most likely a “must-have.”

2. Should-have initiatives

Should-have initiatives are just a step below must-haves. They are essential to the product, project, or release, but they are not vital. If left out, the product or project still functions. However, the initiatives may add significant value.

“Should-have” initiatives are different from “must-have” initiatives in that they can get scheduled for a future release without impacting the current one. For example, performance improvements, minor bug fixes, or new functionality may be “should-have” initiatives. Without them, the product still works.

3. Could-have initiatives

Another way of describing “could-have” initiatives is nice-to-haves. “Could-have” initiatives are not necessary to the core function of the product. However, compared with “should-have” initiatives, they have a much smaller impact on the outcome if left out.

So, initiatives placed in the “could-have” category are often the first to be deprioritized if a project in the “should-have” or “must-have” category ends up larger than expected.

4. Will not have (this time)

One benefit of the MoSCoW method is that it places several initiatives in the “will-not-have” category. The category can manage expectations about what the team will not include in a specific release (or another timeframe you’re prioritizing).

Placing initiatives in the “will-not-have” category is one way to help prevent scope creep . If initiatives are in this category, the team knows they are not a priority for this specific time frame. 

Some initiatives in the “will-not-have” group will be prioritized in the future, while others are not likely to happen. Some teams decide to differentiate between those by creating a subcategory within this group.

How Can Development Teams Use MoSCoW?

  Although Dai Clegg developed the approach to help prioritize tasks around his team’s limited time, the MoSCoW method also works when a development team faces limitations other than time. For example: 

Prioritize based on budgetary constraints.

What if a development team’s limiting factor is not a deadline but a tight budget imposed by the company? Working with the product managers, the team can use MoSCoW first to decide on the initiatives that represent must-haves and the should-haves. Then, using the development department’s budget as the guide, the team can figure out which items they can complete. 

Prioritize based on the team’s skillsets.

A cross-functional product team might also find itself constrained by the experience and expertise of its developers. If the product roadmap calls for functionality the team does not have the skills to build, this limiting factor will play into scoring those items in their MoSCoW analysis.

Prioritize based on competing needs at the company.

Cross-functional teams can also find themselves constrained by other company priorities. The team wants to make progress on a new product release, but the executive staff has created tight deadlines for further releases in the same timeframe. In this case, the team can use MoSCoW to determine which aspects of their desired release represent must-haves and temporarily backlog everything else.

What Are the Drawbacks of MoSCoW Prioritization?

  Although many product and development teams have prioritized MoSCoW, the approach has potential pitfalls. Here are a few examples.

1. An inconsistent scoring process can lead to tasks placed in the wrong categories.

  One common criticism against MoSCoW is that it does not include an objective methodology for ranking initiatives against each other. Your team will need to bring this methodology to your analysis. The MoSCoW approach works only to ensure that your team applies a consistent scoring system for all initiatives.

Pro tip: One proven method is weighted scoring, where your team measures each initiative on your backlog against a standard set of cost and benefit criteria. You can use the weighted scoring approach in ProductPlan’s roadmap app .

2. Not including all relevant stakeholders can lead to items placed in the wrong categories.

To know which of your team’s initiatives represent must-haves for your product and which are merely should-haves, you will need as much context as possible.

For example, you might need someone from your sales team to let you know how important (or unimportant) prospective buyers view a proposed new feature.

One pitfall of the MoSCoW method is that you could make poor decisions about where to slot each initiative unless your team receives input from all relevant stakeholders. 

3. Team bias for (or against) initiatives can undermine MoSCoW’s effectiveness.

Because MoSCoW does not include an objective scoring method, your team members can fall victim to their own opinions about certain initiatives. 

One risk of using MoSCoW prioritization is that a team can mistakenly think MoSCoW itself represents an objective way of measuring the items on their list. They discuss an initiative, agree that it is a “should have,” and move on to the next.

But your team will also need an objective and consistent framework for ranking all initiatives. That is the only way to minimize your team’s biases in favor of items or against them.

When Do You Use the MoSCoW Method for Prioritization?

MoSCoW prioritization is effective for teams that want to include representatives from the whole organization in their process. You can capture a broader perspective by involving participants from various functional departments.

Another reason you may want to use MoSCoW prioritization is it allows your team to determine how much effort goes into each category. Therefore, you can ensure you’re delivering a good variety of initiatives in each release.

What Are Best Practices for Using MoSCoW Prioritization?

If you’re considering giving MoSCoW prioritization a try, here are a few steps to keep in mind. Incorporating these into your process will help your team gain more value from the MoSCoW method.

1. Choose an objective ranking or scoring system.

Remember, MoSCoW helps your team group items into the appropriate buckets—from must-have items down to your longer-term wish list. But MoSCoW itself doesn’t help you determine which item belongs in which category.

You will need a separate ranking methodology. You can choose from many, such as:

• Weighted scoring
• Value vs. complexity
• Buy-a-feature
• Opportunity scoring

For help finding the best scoring methodology for your team, check out ProductPlan’s article: 7 strategies to choose the best features for your product .

2. Seek input from all key stakeholders.

To make sure you’re placing each initiative into the right bucket—must-have, should-have, could-have, or won’t-have—your team needs context. 

At the beginning of your MoSCoW method, your team should consider which stakeholders can provide valuable context and insights. Sales? Customer success? The executive staff? Product managers in another area of your business? Include them in your initiative scoring process if you think they can help you see opportunities or threats your team might miss. 

3. Share your MoSCoW process across your organization.

MoSCoW gives your team a tangible way to show your organization prioritizing initiatives for your products or projects. 

The method can help you build company-wide consensus for your work, or at least help you show stakeholders why you made the decisions you did.

Communicating your team’s prioritization strategy also helps you set expectations across the business. When they see your methodology for choosing one initiative over another, stakeholders in other departments will understand that your team has thought through and weighed all decisions you’ve made. 

If any stakeholders have an issue with one of your decisions, they will understand that they can’t simply complain—they’ll need to present you with evidence to alter your course of action.  

Related Terms

2×2 prioritization matrix / Eisenhower matrix / DACI decision-making framework / ICE scoring model / RICE scoring model

Prioritizing your roadmap using our guide

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MoSCoW: A SMART Way To Prioritize Your Tasks For Effective Project Management

Management today is all about prioritization- be a strategy- which some define as the art of prioritization, business analytics- deciding what is important to analyze, project management – to ensure most important areas get the right focus in the right sequence, marketing- to pick the right customer, right channels, etc or software development- to build the most important features first. Prioritization indeed is central to work, ensuring focus and achieving results.

But as teams diversify, and more stakeholders become involved in the process, so do the complexities surrounding tasks and deliverables for a project or company. As such, methods such as MoSCoW Prioritization can allow managers to prioritize certain products and deadlines in their workflows.

In this blog, we will talk about

What is MoSCoW Prioritization?

What is MoSCoW Prioritization Technique?

• How To Use the MoSCoW Prioritization Method?

SlideUpLift Templates for Presenting MoSCoW Prioritization Technique

MoSCoW method is a prioritization technique for managing requirements and deadlines within a project. While it is defined in the context of project management , the ideas can apply to any discipline of management. 

It is a functional tool that allows management to reach an understanding with the various stakeholders on the importance placed on various requirements and their delivery. The degree of importance identifies its placement on the prioritization list, with high importance requirements being prioritized over low importance requirements. 

MoSCoW method was originally developed in 1994 by Dai Clegg specifically for its use in Rapid Application Development . The initial scope of the technique was its use for timeboxed projects. With fixed deadlines to work with, MoSCoW gave Clegg a way to prioritize the tasks that were essential for the project, and sideline those that weren’t, in order to deliver the requirements on time. However, it soon evolved to become a key part of the latest management and prioritization thinking across disciplines.

The MoSCoW Prioritization technique consists of four categories. These categories signify the importance of the task or deliverable to the overall success of the project, as well as those that are essential for its running. 

These four categories are- 

Each requirement that is labeled “Must Have” are non-negotiable requirements that are critical to the success of the final product or project objectives. Notably, if any requirement is noted as “must-haves”, the failure in its delivery results in the total failure of the whole project. As such, each requirement within this category needs to be delivered within its given timeframe for success. 

Should Have

Requirements labeled “Should Have” are important but ultimately not necessary for the success of the project. The absence of this product or requirement will be to the detriment of the overall project, but the final result will still be viable. As such, while these requirements need to be added if possible, they can be prioritized lower than must-haves in situations of time or resource crunch. 

“Could Have” requirements are essentially those that are desirable and should be included if time and resources permit, but their absence will not significantly impact the final product or the success of the project. They are usually additions that contribute to a user’s experience or satisfaction but do not actively contribute to a product’s overall success and can be dropped in the case of approaching deadlines and a shortage of time.

Each requirement labeled “Wont-Have” would have been struck off by the team and the stakeholders as unnecessary, least-critical, and lowest payback items. Or these could be things that are just not appropriate for the time frame. These are requirements that are dropped for the entirety of the project, or shelved for later consideration should time and resources permit and all other items have been delivered. 

How to Use the MoSCoW Prioritization Method?

Usually, the MoSCoW Prioritization Method is used early in the life cycle of a project. The final list is a collaborative effort by the team, project heads, department heads, upper management, and stakeholders. Everyone that has a vested interest in the project is expected to participate in the process of delineating the different items into different categories. This ensures smooth functioning of the project, where everyone is aware of and aligned to the project’s and stakeholders’ priorities and objectives. 

Thus, MoSCoW method allows projects to work with a broader perspective, and reach a consensus on the different tasks enabling effective decision making .

In order to achieve maximum effectiveness in using the MoSCoW Prioritization Method, there are certain things to keep in mind. 

Balancing the Priorities

When deciding on the Must Have priorities, it becomes important to understand exactly what those are. A method to gauge Must Haves is by defining a product’s minimum usable subset. This is an articulation of the minimum requirements of a project for it to be viable, functional and by all accounts, considered a success. 

And other priorities, therefore, automatically become a contingency wherein beyond the must-haves, there is no outright effect on the functionality or success of a project. 

Balancing all the categories of prioritizations becomes key in successfully managing a project using MoSCoW. Having more must-haves than possible or viable for a team is a one-way ticket to disaster. A good rule of thumb is to have a maximum of 60% of your tasks and team effort be for must-haves. This leaves room for the team to build confidence in their work and their ability to deliver on time. 

Defining Prioritization Categories

Must-haves are generally easy to identify when discussing priorities within a group of people. However, the difference between Should Have and Could Have priorities is subjective and can be a point of contention if there are drastically warring views on the same.

Therefore, it is always a good idea to be extremely clear about the definitions and scope of the categories in question with an upfront discussion about the same with each stakeholder. 

When to Prioritize

This primarily refers to any new requirements that come up during the process of working on the project. New requirements will need to be categorized under the MoSCoW technique, but they cannot be too disruptive to the process that is already underway. Most importantly, they should not interfere with the previously agreed-upon limit of 60% of work being under must-haves, as that can be an instant demoralizing element for the team. 

Knowing when to prioritize any new requirements is key to the smooth functioning of a project.

Reviewing Priorities

At the end of each deliverable or project increment, all priorities need to be re-examined and discussed with the stakeholders. The working process often highlights misplaced and missing priorities, and those need to be included for the next deliverable. It is also important to review all priorities as a low-priority task may now have greater importance in the project. 

SlideUpLift offers a vast collection of pre-made presentation templates that can be used to present your MoSCoW Prioritization Technique to all stakeholders and team members, becoming an effective tool for business and professional communication. These presentation templates are visually engaging and creatively built to showcase your MoSCoW method effectively. Each PowerPoint template is fully editable and uses visual elements such as graphics, colors, and shapes to present information in a professional way, saving you the time and effort that goes into creating beautiful and complex project management presentations . 

MoSCow Method

Source: MoSCow Prioritization by SlideUpLift

MoSCow Matrix

Source: MoSCow Matrix by SlideUpLift

Find out more MoSCow Prioritization PowerPoint templates.

MoSCoW method is a great tool for prioritization, especially for projects that are time-sensitive and need a system that allows them to prioritize tasks for delivery. While there are watch-outs and things to be mindful of as mentioned earlier, this technique can save you tons of time and help define and achieve success on your next project.

Happy MoSCoWing!!!

Now you don’t have to scour the web to find out the right templates. Download our PowerPoint Templates from within PowerPoint. See how ?

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Moscow concert hall attack: Why is ISIL targeting Russia?

Deadly attack in Moscow claimed by ISIL affiliate leaves more than 133 people dead and approximately 100 injured.

More than 133 people have been killed and more than 100 others were injured following a brazen attack on concertgoers at Moscow’s Crocus City Hall before a performance by a Soviet-era rock band on Friday.

Assailants dressed in camouflage uniforms opened fire and reportedly threw explosive devices inside the concert venue, which was left in flames with its roof collapsing after the deadly attack.

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At least 115 killed, more than 185 injured in attack on moscow concert hall, more than 130 killed in moscow concert hall attack, ‘heinous, cowardly’: world reacts to attack on moscow concert hall, moscow concert hall attack: what do we know so far.

Eleven people had been detained, including four people directly involved in the armed assault, Russia’s Interfax news agency reported on Saturday.

ISIL’s Afghan branch – also known as the Islamic State in Khorasan Province, ISKP (ISIS-K) – has claimed responsibility for the attack and United States officials have confirmed the authenticity of that claim, according to the Reuters news agency.

Here is what we know about the group and their possible motive for the Moscow attack.

ISIL’s Afghanistan branch

The group remains one of the most active affiliates of ISIL and takes its title from an ancient caliphate in the region that once encompassed areas of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan and Turkmenistan.

The group emerged from eastern Afghanistan in late 2014 and was made up of breakaway fighters of the Pakistan Taliban and local fighters who pledged allegiance to the late ISIL leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi .

The group has since established a fearsome reputation for acts of brutality.

Murat Aslan, a military analyst and former Turkish army colonel, said ISIL’s Afghanistan affiliate is known for its “radical and tough methodologies”.

“I think their ideology inspires them in terms of selecting targets. First of all, Russia is in Syria and fighting against Daesh [ISIL] like the United States. That means they see such countries as hostile,” Aslan told Al Jazeera.

“They are now in Moscow. Previously they were in Iran, and we will see much more attacks, maybe in other capitals,” he added.

Though its membership in Afghanistan is said to have declined since a peak in about 2018, its fighters still pose one of the greatest threats to the Taliban’s authority in Afghanistan.

Previous attacks by the group

ISKP fighters claimed responsibility for the 2021 attacks outside Kabul airport that left at least 175 civilians dead, killed 13 US soldiers, and many dozens injured.

The ISIL affiliate was previously blamed for carrying out a bloody attack on a maternity ward in Kabul in May 2020 that killed 24 people, including women and infants. In November that same year, the group carried out an attack on Kabul University, killing at least 22 teachers and students.

In September 2022, the group took responsibility for a deadly suicide bombing at the Russian embassy in Kabul.

Last year, Iran blamed the group for two separate attacks on a major shrine in southern Shiraz – the Shah Cheragh – which killed at least 14 people and injured more than 40.

The US claimed that it intercepted communications confirming that the group was preparing to carry out attacks before coordinated suicide bombings in Iran in January this year killed nearly 100 people in the southeastern Iranian city of Kerman. ISKP claimed responsibility for the Kerman attacks.

Why is ISIL attacking Russia?

Defence and security analysts say the group has targeted its propaganda at Russian President Vladimir Putin in recent years over the alleged oppression of Muslims by Russia.

“Russian foreign policy has been one big red flag for ISIS [ISIL],” Michael Kugelman, director of the South Asia Institute at the Washington-based Wilson Center told Al Jazeera. “The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Russian actions in Chechnya, Moscow’s close relationships with the Syrian and Iranian governments, and especially the military campaigns that Russia has waged against ISIS fighters in Syria and — through Wagner Group mercenaries – in parts of Africa.”

All of that has meant that Moscow has become a focus of ISKP’s “extensive propaganda war,” said Amira Jadoon, assistant professor at Clemson University in South Carolina and co-author of, The Islamic State in Afghanistan and Pakistan: Strategic Alliances and Rivalries.

“Russia’s engagement in the global fight against ISIS and its affiliates, especially through its military operations in Syria and its efforts to establish connections with the Afghan Taliban – ISIS-K’s rival – marks Russia as a key adversary for ISIS/ISIS-K,” Jadoon told Al Jazeera.

Should the Moscow attack be “definitely attributed” to ISKP, Jadoon said, the group hopes to win support and advance “its goal to evolve into a terrorist organisation with global influence” by demonstrating that it can launch attacks within Russian territory.

“ISK [ISKP] has consistently demonstrated its ambition to evolve into a formidable regional entity … By directing its aggression towards nations such as Iran and Russia, ISK not only confronts regional heavyweights but also underscores its political relevance and operational reach on the global stage,” Jadoon said.

Kabir Taneja, a fellow at the Strategic Studies Programme of the Observer Research Foundation – a think tank based in New Delhi, India – told Al Jazeera that Russia is seen by ISIL and its affiliates as “a crusading power against Muslims”.

“Russia has been a target for ISIS and not just ISKP from the beginning,” Taneja, author of the book, The ISIS Peril, said.

“ISKP attacked [the] Russian embassy in Kabul in 2022, and over the months, Russian security agencies have upped their efforts to clamp down on pro-ISIS ecosystems both in Russia and around its borders, specifically Central Asia and the Caucusus,” he said.

In early March, Russia’s Federal Security Service, better known as the FSB, said it had thwarted an ISIL plan to attack a Moscow synagogue.

“The most compelling current motivation for ISIS-K to attack Russia is the Taliban factor. The Taliban is a bitter rival of ISIS, and ISIS views Russia as a friend of the Taliban,” said Kugelman.

Moscow’s close relations with Israel are also anathema to ISIL’s ideology, Taneja said.

“So this friction is not new ideologically, but is so tactically,” he told Al Jazeera.

There’s another factor, too: Largely away from the world’s attention, the armed group has regrouped into a formidable force after setbacks in Syria and Iran.

“ISKP in Afghanistan has grown in strength significantly … and it’s not just ISKP, ISIS in its original regions of operations, Syria and Iraq, also sees [an] uptick in operational capabilities,” Taneja said. Today, he added, it is “ideologically powerful even if not politically, tactically or strategically … that powerful any more”.

That poses a challenge for a distracted world, he said.

“How to combat this is the big question at a time when big power competition and global geopolitical churn has put counterterrorism on the back burner,” Taneja added.

How has ISIL responded?

ISKP social media channels are “jubilant” following the attack on Moscow, said Abdul Basit, a senior associate fellow at the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Singapore.

“They are celebrating the attack,” Basit told Al Jazeera, adding that supporters are “translating and recirculating the responsibility claim” issued by the ISIL-linked Amaq News Agency.

Basit said that ISIL’s method of operations involves amplifying a propaganda campaign in advance of large-scale attacks and this had been observed in recent anti-Russian messaging. Such attacks “add to the credibility” of armed groups, Basit explained, which then “increases the scope of their funding, recruitment and propaganda”.

More attacks are possible in Russia and elsewhere, he added, given the key role that ISIL recruits of Central Asian origin – particularly Tajiks – played when the group held territory in Syria. They have now returned to the Central Asia region and their intent to carry out attacks has now materialised in capability, Basit said.

Previous attacks in Russia

Moscow and other Russian cities have been the targets of previous attacks.

In 2002, Chechen fighters took more than 900 people hostage in a Moscow theatre, the Dubrovka, demanding the withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya and an end to Russia’s war on the region.

Russian special forces attacked the theatre to end the standoff and 130 people were killed, most suffocated by a gas used by security forces to leave the Chechen fighters unconscious.

The deadliest attack in Russia was the 2004 Beslan school siege which was carried out by members of a Chechen armed group seeking Chechnya’s independence from Russia. The siege killed 334 people, including 186 children.

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Putin vows to find the masterminds of the Moscow concert hall attack and urges tighter security

Russian President Vladimir Putin attends the annual meeting of Russian Interior Ministry Board in Moscow, Russia, Tuesday, April 2, 2024. (Pavel Bednyakov, Sputnik, Kremlin Pool Photo via AP)

Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, addresses the annual meeting of Russian Interior Ministry Board in Moscow, Russia, Tuesday, April 2, 2024. Russian Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev sits on the right. (Pavel Bednyakov, Sputnik, Kremlin Pool Photo via AP)

Russian President Vladimir Putin attends the annual meeting of Russian Interior Ministry Board in Moscow, Russia, Tuesday, April 2, 2024. Russian Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev sits on the right. (Pavel Bednyakov, Sputnik, Kremlin Pool Photo via AP)

FILE - A massive blaze is seen over the Crocus City Hall concert venue on the western edge of Moscow, Russia, Friday, March 22, 2024. The attack on the venue that killed over 140 people marked a major failure of Russian security agencies. (Sergei Vedyashkin/Moscow News Agency via AP, File)

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MOSCOW (AP) — President Vladimir Putin vowed Tuesday to track down the masterminds of the Moscow concert hall attack that left 144 people dead in the worst assault on Russian soil in two decades, and urged its law enforcement agencies to tighten security at mass gatherings.

Putin has repeatedly sought to link the March 22 killings to Ukraine and the West despite the Islamic State group’s claim of responsibility and Kyiv’s vehement denial, as well as a U.S. government warning to Moscow days earlier of an imminent attack.

Speaking at a meeting with top officials of the Interior Ministry that oversees the nation’s police force, Putin said it is important to determine “not only the perpetrators of this outrage but all links in the chain and its beneficiaries.”

He added, in an apparent threat of retaliation: “Those who use this weapon against Russia should realize it’s a double-edged weapon.”

Putin said that the masterminds of the concert hall raid sought to “sow discord and panic, strife and hatred in our country in order to break up Russia from within,” adding that “we mustn’t allow them to do that.”

“It’s inadmissible to use the tragic event to provoke ethnic tensions, xenophobia and Islamophobia,” he said.

Russian security agencies have detained four suspects, all of them citizens of Tajikistan, and seven other alleged accomplices.

The attack has fueled anti-migrant sentiments and drawn calls from Russian hawks to limit immigration despite the fact that the Russian economy strongly depends on such workers, most of them from ex-Soviet nations in Central Asia, including Tajikistan.

Russian media reported that authorities have strengthened controls over migrants following the attack.

Putin urged the Interior Ministry to tighten controls on illegal migration and close loopholes in existing procedures that allow people with a criminal past to get work permits and even Russian citizenship.

The lapse in security has led many to wonder how gunmen could easily kill so many people at a public event. Kremlin critics have argued that it was rooted in the vast Russian security apparatus focusing not on threats of terrorism but on stifling the political opposition, independent media and civil society groups in the harshest crackdown since Soviet times.

Putin said the authorities are investigating the performance of law enforcement structures and other agencies in the concert hall attack. He urged law enforcement agencies to strengthen security at public gatherings.

“We have paid a very high price, and the analysis of the situation must be objective and professional,” he said. “It’s important to do that in order to take ensuring security and order at mass gatherings, sports facilities, transport, trade and recreational centers, schools, hospitals, universities, theaters and so on to a new level. All those facilities must be under constant control.”

Putin again charged that Moscow’s foreign adversaries were aiming to “ruin what is left of historic Russia, to break up its core” in order to win control over the country’s vast resources.

“Some of them are trying to preserve their hegemony in today’s rapidly changing world at our expense,” he said. “Some apparently saw our country as a weak link. They are mistaken.”

The Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan claimed it carried out the attack, and U.S. intelligence said it had information confirming the group was responsible. The U.S. government said it told Russia in early March of an imminent attack under the “duty to warn” rule that obliges U.S. intelligence officials to share such information, even with adversaries. It was unclear how specific the tip was.

The U.S. Embassy in Moscow also issued a public notice March 7 advising Americans to avoid crowds in the capital over the next 48 hours due to “imminent” plans by extremists to target large gatherings, including concerts. Just three days before the attack, Putin dismissed the U.S. Embassy notice as an attempt to scare or intimidate Russians and blackmail the Kremlin.

The chief of Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service, Sergei Naryshkin, confirmed that Moscow received the U.S. tip but said it was lacking detail.

“The information was too general and didn’t allow to fully identify those who were involved in that horrible crime,” Naryshkin said, following a similar statement last week from Alexander Bortnikov, the director of the Federal Security Service, Russia’s main domestic security agency.

Russia says it has arrested four more Moscow concert hall attack plotters

Russia's top security agency says it has broken up what it calls a "terrorist cell" in southern Russia whose members allegedly provided weapons and cash to gunmen who launched a deadly assault on a Moscow concert hall.

The Federal Security Service, or FSB, said it detained four suspected members of the cell in the Russian province of Dagestan in the North Caucasus on Sunday.

The agency alleged that the suspects detained in Dagestan were involved in channelling funds and providing weapons to the gunmen who attacked the concert hall on Moscow's western edge on March 22 , killing 144 people in the deadliest attack on Russian soil in two decades.

"The detained militants directly participated in financing the perpetrators of the March 22 terror attack on the Crocus City Hall in Moscow and providing them with terror means," the FSB said in a statement.

It said one of the suspects detained in Dagestan had confessed to personally bringing weapons to the Moscow attackers.

The FSB released a video showing one of the suspects saying that they also planned an attack in the city of Kaspiysk in Dagestan. It wasn't clear whether the two confessions came from the same person.

The agency said the suspects are foreign nationals, without specifying their nationality. The suspected attackers of the Moscow concert hall arrested hours after the March 22 raid are citizens of the Central Asian nation of Tajikistan.

The detention of the four suspects in Dagestan follows the arrest of four suspected gunmen and seven others who were accused of involvement in the attack.

An affiliate of the Islamic State group claimed responsibility for the attack.

President Vladimir Putin acknowledged that "radical Islamists" conducted the raid, but alleged — without providing evidence — that Ukraine and the West were involved , despite Kyiv's vehement denials.

Also on Monday, a Moscow court ordered a suspected accomplice of the attackers to two months in pre-trial detention.

Suspect Yakubjoni Yusufzoda, a Tajikistan citizen, allegedly provided money for accommodation for the gunmen, Russian news reports said.

He was detained four days after the attack and jailed for failure to obey police, but now is charged with committing fatal terrorism, the reports said.

He is the 10th person charged in the case.

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Putin vows to find the masterminds of the Moscow concert hall attack and urges tighter security

MOSCOW (AP) — President Vladimir Putin vowed Tuesday to track down the masterminds of the Moscow concert hall attack that left 144 people dead in the worst assault on Russian soil in two decades, and urged its law enforcement agencies to tighten security at mass gatherings.

Putin has repeatedly sought to link the March 22 killings to Ukraine and the West despite the Islamic State group's claim of responsibility and Kyiv's vehement denial, as well as a U.S. government warning to Moscow days earlier of an imminent attack.

Speaking at a meeting with top officials of the Interior Ministry that oversees the nation's police force, Putin said it is important to determine "not only the perpetrators of this outrage but all links in the chain and its beneficiaries.”

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He added, in an apparent threat of retaliation: “Those who use this weapon against Russia should realize it's a double-edged weapon.”

Putin said that the masterminds of the concert hall raid sought to “sow discord and panic, strife and hatred in our country in order to break up Russia from within," adding that “we mustn't allow them to do that.”

“It's inadmissible to use the tragic event to provoke ethnic tensions, xenophobia and Islamophobia," he said.

Russian security agencies have detained four suspects, all of them citizens of Tajikistan, and seven other alleged accomplices.

The attack has fueled anti-migrant sentiments and drawn calls from Russian hawks to limit immigration despite the fact that the Russian economy strongly depends on such workers, most of them from ex-Soviet nations in Central Asia, including Tajikistan.

Russian media reported that authorities have strengthened controls over migrants following the attack.

Putin urged the Interior Ministry to tighten controls on illegal migration and close loopholes in existing procedures that allow people with a criminal past to get work permits and even Russian citizenship.

The lapse in security has led many to wonder how gunmen could easily kill so many people at a public event. Kremlin critics have argued that it was rooted in the vast Russian security apparatus focusing not on threats of terrorism but on stifling the political opposition, independent media and civil society groups in the harshest crackdown since Soviet times.

Putin said the authorities are investigating the performance of law enforcement structures and other agencies in the concert hall attack. He urged law enforcement agencies to strengthen security at public gatherings.

“We have paid a very high price, and the analysis of the situation must be objective and professional,” he said. “It's important to do that in order to take ensuring security and order at mass gatherings, sports facilities, transport, trade and recreational centers, schools, hospitals, universities, theaters and so on to a new level. All those facilities must be under constant control.”

Putin again charged that Moscow's foreign adversaries were aiming to “ruin what is left of historic Russia, to break up its core" in order to win control over the country's vast resources.

“Some of them are trying to preserve their hegemony in today's rapidly changing world at our expense,” he said. “Some apparently saw our country as a weak link. They are mistaken.”

The Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan claimed it carried out the attack, and U.S. intelligence said it had information confirming the group was responsible. The U.S. government said it told Russia in early March of an imminent attack under the “duty to warn” rule that obliges U.S. intelligence officials to share such information, even with adversaries. It was unclear how specific the tip was.

The U.S. Embassy in Moscow also issued a public notice March 7 advising Americans to avoid crowds in the capital over the next 48 hours due to “imminent” plans by extremists to target large gatherings, including concerts. Just three days before the attack, Putin dismissed the U.S. Embassy notice as an attempt to scare or intimidate Russians and blackmail the Kremlin.

The chief of Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service, Sergei Naryshkin, confirmed that Moscow received the U.S. tip but said it was lacking detail.

“The information was too general and didn’t allow to fully identify those who were involved in that horrible crime,” Naryshkin said, following a similar statement last week from Alexander Bortnikov, the director of the Federal Security Service, Russia’s main domestic security agency.

This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers visit http://www.djreprints.com.

https://www.barrons.com/news/ukraine-denies-attacking-russian-held-nuclear-plant-a780dd9b

• FROM AFP NEWS

Kyiv, Moscow Trade Accusations Of Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Plant Attacks

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RECASTS with new drone attack, CHANGES dateline

Russia on Monday accused Ukraine of attacking the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power station with a drone for the second day running, after Kyiv had earlier pointed the finger at Moscow.

The plant in southern Ukraine, Europe's largest nuclear facility, has been under the control of Russian forces since the first days of the military offensive in early 2022.

Both sides have regularly traded accusations of attacking the facility over the last two years, accusing each other of risking a potentially devastating nuclear disaster.

"Attempts by the Ukrainian armed forces to attack the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant continue," the Russians controlling the facility said on Telegram on Monday.

"Today a kamikaze drone was shot down over the plant. It fell on the roof of unit 6," they said, referring to one of the power station's reactors.

They said there was no threat to the plant's safety.

Russian forces have controlled the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant since their seized it in March 2022.

Ukraine had earlier said Moscow was spreading "fake" information that Kyiv had fired drones at the plant on Sunday.

The head of Ukraine's centre for countering disinformation, Lieutenant Andriy Kovalenko, said Russia was intensifying a "campaign of provocation and fakes".

He said it was Russia that was attacking the facility "with drones, pretending that the threat to the plant and nuclear safety is coming from Ukraine".

Russia's nuclear agency Rosatom said there was a "series of attacks" on Sunday.

It alleged that one drone had struck the site's canteen, wounding three staff members, one of them "severely".

Drones also hit a cargo port and the roof of one of the power plant's six nuclear reactors, it said.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which has experts at the plant, said Sunday's strikes resulted in one casualty.

"This is a major escalation of the nuclear safety and security dangers facing the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant.

"Such reckless attacks significantly increase the risk of a major nuclear accident and must cease immediately," Director General Rafael Grossi said on Sunday.

The IAEA said on Sunday there were no indications of "damage to critical nuclear safety or security".

Rosatom urged Grossi and Western nations to "categorically condemn" the attack.

Ukraine's Kovalenko accused Russia of "manipulating the concerns of the IAEA" and "trying to accuse Ukraine of nuclear terrorism".

A spokesman for the Ukrainian defence ministry's main directorate of intelligence, Andriy Yusov, had earlier accused Russia of endangering the power station and carrying out "simulated strikes".

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