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The research conducted at google has broadened dramatically, becoming more important to our mission than ever before..

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From Accra to Zürich, to our home base in Mountain View and beyond, we’re looking for talented, creative computer scientists to drive our work forward.

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Our teams in Atlanta focus on theoretical and application aspects of computer science with a strong focus on machine learning and the algorithmic foundations and theoretical underpinnings of deep learning, with applications to natural language understanding, machine perception, robotics, and ubiquitous computing and sensing.

Our teams in Cambridge work closely with academics at local universities as well as collaborators at local institutes with a goal to impact both Google’s products and general scientific progress. We accomplish this by releasing open source tools, publishing our work and sharing our findings with the academic community.

More boardshorts than boardroom, high tech meets high tide at Google L.A. Our engineers work on such high-impact products as Ads, Chrome, and YouTube, while our sales teams push the limits of digital advertising for top-tier clients. Take advantage of our picture-perfect SoCal weather by hitting the rock wall and elevate team strategy sessions with a game of oversized chess on the roof deck. In-house coffee and juice bars provide pick-me-ups, and beach breaks double as brainstorm sessions when you borrow one of our 4-seat surrey bikes, beach cruisers, or surfboards and head to the boardwalk.

Google Research in Montreal performs both open-ended and applied research, in numerous areas including reinforcement learning, meta-learning, optimization, program synthesis, generative modeling, machine translation, and more. We also support the local academic community and have several academic collaborations, including with Mila – Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute.

Our headquarters has come a long way from its humble roots in a Menlo Park garage, but our innovative Silicon Valley spirit is stronger than ever. On our largest campus, we work on cutting-edge products that are changing the way billions of people use technology. Onsite benefits like fitness and wellness centers embody our philosophy that taking care of Googlers is good for all of us. Build team skills with a group cooking class or coffee tasting, ride a gBike to one of our cafés, or work up a sweat in a group class. Here at the Googleplex, we’re looking for innovators, collaborators, and blue-sky thinkers. We’re looking for you.

We work in close collaboration with academia, with a goal to impact both Google’s products and general scientific progress. We accomplish this in two ways: by releasing software libraries, a way to build research findings into products and services, and through publishing our work and sharing our findings with the academic community.

Our team in Pittsburgh conducts research in natural language processing, machine learning, image and video understanding, and optimization, and our impacts range from academic paper publications to software systems used throughout Google. We collaborate closely with research and applied groups in many areas, and also work closely with Carnegie Mellon University and other organizations in the extremely strong computer science community in Pittsburgh.

As our company headquarters, Mountain View and the surrounding offices in Sunnyvale, San Francisco, and San Bruno are home to many of our world-class research teams and the innovative projects they work on.

Our research teams in Seattle and Kirkland work on a wide range of disciplines — from quantum computing to applied science to federated learning and health. In doing the above, and more, a large focus of our work also focuses on advancing the state of the art in machine learning.

Nestled between the Santa Cruz Mountains and the San Francisco Bay, with San Jose to the south, San Francisco to the north, and NASA right next door, you’ll find one of Google’s largest and newest global campuses in Sunnyvale. Here in the heart of the original Silicon Valley innovation is happening everywhere—from our Cloud team developing exciting new products and services, to moving into our latest office spaces which include interconnected building projects, the creation of green spaces connecting campuses with the community, and the creative restoration of local habitats. We love growing in Sunnyvale—and you will too.

We develop novel neural network architectures and learning algorithms, with applications to computer vision, natural language and speech processing, medical image analysis, and computer architecture and software.

Europe, Middle East, and Africa

Google Research teams in Accra collaborate with global research teams to lead many sustainability initiatives of particular interest to Africa. We implement theoretical and applied artificial intelligence with a strong focus on machine learning and algorithmic foundations to tackle some global challenges, such as food security, disaster management, remote sensing, among others.

Researchers in our Amsterdam office push the boundaries of what is possible in many domains, including natural language understanding, computer vision and audio, reinforcement learning and machine learning for the natural sciences.

In Berlin, our teams work on a range of topics from foundational to more applied and involve data comprised of text, images, video, audio and more. We are engaging and collaborating closely with Berlin’s vibrant academic and startup communities.

We work on machine learning, natural language understanding and machine perception, from foundational research to AI innovations, in search, healthcare, and crisis response.

We work on natural language understanding and conversational dialog, text-to-speech, (on-device) machine learning, human-centered AI research and user research as well as healthcare.

We work on problems in quantum computing as well as speech and language processing, and collaborate closely with Google’s product teams across the world.

We tackle big challenges across several fields at the intersection of computer science, statistics and applied mathematics while collaborating closely with a strong academic community.

We solve big challenges in computer science, with a focus on machine learning, natural language understanding, machine perception, algorithms and data compression.

Asia-Pacific

Google Research Australia aims to advance the state-of-the-art in machine learning, in areas such as Fundamental Machine Learning, Natural Language Understanding, and Systems Programming. We aim to apply our research in ways that benefit Australia, Google and global society.

We are interested in advancing the state of the art and applications in areas like Machine Learning, Natural Language Understanding, Computer Vision, Software Engineering and Multi-agent Systems.

We are interested in advancing the state of the art and applications in areas like machine learning, speech, and natural language processing.

Meet the teams driving innovation

Our teams advance the state of the art through research, systems engineering, and collaboration across Google.

Our impact reaches billions

Google Research tackles challenges that define the technology of today and tomorrow.

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Our researchers are embedded in teams across computer science, to discover, invent, and build at the largest scale.

Our research-focused software engineers are embedded throughout the company, allowing them to setup large-scale tests and deploy promising ideas quickly and broadly.

Work across data mining, natural language processing, hardware and software performance analysis, improving compilation techniques for mobile platforms, core search, and much more.

Internships take place throughout the year, and we encourage students from a range of disciplines, including CS, Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Physics to apply to work with us.

Collaboration is essential for progress

We’re proud to work with academic and research institutions that push the boundaries of AI and computer science.

Measuring and improving the accuracy, safety, speed, and efficiency of AI technologies.

Working to advance fire modeling tools and fire spread prediction algorithms.

Anthropic, Google, Microsoft and OpenAI are launching the Frontier Model Forum, an industry body focused on ensuring safe and responsible development of frontier AI models.

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Physical Address: Morrill Hall 105

Mailing Address: 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3010 University of Idaho Moscow, ID 83844-3010

Phone: 208-885-5663

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Morrill Hall Room 414 Moscow, ID  83844

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Physical Address: Morrill Hall 105 Moscow, ID 83844-3003

Mailing Address: 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3003 Moscow, ID 83844-3003

Email: [email protected]

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We invite you to learn more about the opportunities to work with the Office of Research and Economic Development team. We encourage you to visit our unit websites to find out more about the integral work being completed by our offices.

Please note, these job postings reside within the University of Idaho Careers  page. The Careers page is maintained by Human Resources and if any posting details are changed, the Careers page will be updated before this page.

For the most current list of job opportunities, refer to the University of Idaho Human Resources job board .

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Available Jobs

Geological mapping laboratory manager, idaho geological survey, position overview:.

The Geologic Mapping Lab Manager of the Idaho Geological Survey (IGS) manages and oversees all aspects of the geologic mapping and GIS lab, leading the implementation and development of core capabilities of the lab, including supervision of the production of geologic maps, publications, and data management across a range of software and platforms.

The position is responsible for all aspects of the daily operations of the lab, including production and revision of maps. It supervises lab staff, which includes GIS Analysts and Digital Cartographers; assists the geological staff with mapping solutions, GIS-related applications, vector graphics, and other computer applications; and advises and assists with the development and integration of new technologies, such as drones and other surveying and mapping techniques. The position also assists with the submission and management of grants in collaboration with the geologic mapping program coordinator.

Limited travel is required as needed to attend professional or technical meetings and for visits to the IGS office in Boise.

Establishing or maintaining a research portfolio compatible with the position’s time commitments and with the IGS mandate and priorities is encouraged but not required.

The position is stationed at the Moscow campus of University of Idaho and reports to the IGS Director.

Duties may include:

• Supervising scientific/technical staff.
• Interfacing with geologic staff on IGS research projects.
• Establishing work priorities, procedures, and performance standards; hiring, training, evaluating staff; assigning, and reviewing work.
• Providing technical revisions of maps and publications, effectively acting as principal map editor.
• Coordinating with the University of Idaho Office of Information Technology (OIT) to ensure continuity in the server functionalities and management of Windows network domain and active directory.
• Maintaining and purchasing of lab software and hardware and advising the IGS director on technology needs.
• Co-managing of the IGS website.
• Providing technical support within the area of responsibility.
• Making managerial decisions that directly affect the efficiency, cost, reputation, and service quality of the Idaho Geological Survey.
• Other duties as assigned.

Ideal Candidate:

• Broad geoscience background
• Experience supervising subordinate staff to achieve team objectives
• An ability to take on large, multi-faceted projects
• Innovative problem-solving abilities
• Ability to communicate information and ideas clearly and concisely both verbally and in writing
• Leadership qualities that motivate others to achieve
• Ability to navigate and manage competing deadlines

Why You Should Join Our Team:

You will work closely with a dedicated, enthusiastic, and talented team of geoscientists who are passionate about Idaho’s geology. You will play a fundamental role in the mission of the Idaho Geological Survey. You will have a chance to perform a very impactful job in service of the state, its constituents, and the nation, with direct influence and application to energy, resources, resiliency, and economy. You will earn ample vacation and sick leave, be able to enjoy a flexible schedule and maintain a work-life balance. You will gain full access to the great outdoors that Idaho has to offer and the unique culture of the Inland Northwest region. The position is housed on University of Idaho campus in Moscow, ID , a family-friendly community that merges the progressive vibes of the university culture with the small-town, outdoors feel of the beautiful Palouse .

Manage the Digital Mapping and GIS Laboratory (DML) by (Estimated effort: 70%) :

• Providing leadership and management of the lab and direct supervision of lab staff (GIS Analysts, Digital Cartographers, and others working on IGS projects).
• Assigning technical tasks to lab and other staff and setting project priorities.
• Supervising the development of lab procedures, computer scripts, and software code as needed to maintain compliance with agency and industry protocols and providing training to IGS staff as needed.
• Supervising all map production tasks and serving as principal map editor to ensure high quality and compliance to standards of map and database products.
• Overseeing publication and web delivery of map products and other IGS publications.
• Supervising and conducting a range of simple to complex GIS and geospatial tasks, GIS digitization, and production and editing of vector graphics.
• Overseeing archiving of IGS projects at the end of performance period, in collaboration with authors and database manager.
• Implementing strategies and best practices for centralizing data repository and data sharing.
• Coordinating and communicating with Information Technology contractors to maintain file servers and the IGS domain.
• Coordinating with the Director to develop and implement computer maintenance and replacement strategies and purchasing computers, servers, peripherals, and software as needed.
• Maintaining the Active Directory for Windows Server and the IGS Windows network domain (e.g., creating users, and managing and enforcing permissions).
• Maintaining, updating, and installing hardware and software and assisting staff on computer and software maintenance and finding solutions to problems.

Support research and program development by (Estimated effort: 15%) :

• Assisting staff in grant preparation and submission; providing input and guidance on all aspects of the grant process, with emphasis on STATEMAP announcements.
• Assist with submitting grant deliverables.
• Helping build partnerships and collaborations with academia and industry.

Assist with Survey publications and publication sales by (Estimated effort: 10%) :

• Coordinating and assisting IGS staff with the publication process.
• Overseeing the editing and revising of publications, including layout and supporting figures.
• Assigning publication identifier numbers.
• Coordinating with administrative staff to ensure delivery of Survey publications to the Idaho State Commission for Libraries and other agencies per requirements.

Co-manage the IGS website by (Estimated effort: 5%) :

• Coordinating with Administrative staff and Database manager on website management, maintenance, and content updates.
• Coordinating with IGS staff on research projects that have website requirements and assisting with web content design and construction.
• Ensuring the collection and interpretation of website statistics.

Requirements

Required experience:.

• Strong understanding of general geology, with emphasis on geologic mapping concepts and procedures.
• Interpreting and analyzing geologic maps.
• Using ESRI ArcGIS software applications.
• Using computer software and applications for vector graphics and illustrations.
• Supervising and managing technical staff.
• Managing multiple projects concurrently.
• Two years of post-degree experience with geologic and/or geospatial data. Graduate teaching or research assistantships will be considered up to one year and postdoctoral fellowships will be considered up to one year and six months.

Required Education:

• Master’s Degree in Geology or Earth Sciences.

Required Other:

• Must possess a valid driver’s license and be able to meet policy requirements for driving university-owned vehicles.

Physical Requirements and Working Conditions:

• Ability to carry and/or otherwise move equipment weighing as much as 35 pounds.
• Requires occasional overnight travel.

Additional Preferred Qualifications:

• Map publication experience
• Proven experience with conducting geologic mapping.
• Demonstrated work experience with overseeing IT contractors.
• Working with GeMS databases
• Demonstrated experience with teaching GIS and database skills to technical staff.
• Applied GIS/geology work experience with a state or federal geologic survey.
• Proven working experience with Lidar applications in the field of geology.
• Ph.D. in Geology or closely related field with an emphasis in geospatial and GIS applications of geology.
• GIS Certificate or equivalent.
• Experience supervising geologists, GIS, and digital cartographic staff.
• Familiarity with the geology of Idaho.
• Working knowledge of SQL database scripting language.
• Working knowledge of computer IT systems including MS Active Directory and managing local domains.
• Proven and advanced knowledge/work experience with Python programming.
• Managing PC computer networks and servers.
• Managing and designing databases.

Special Instructions to Applicants:

Apply through the University of Idaho Careers Page .

Please address all the minimum requirements in the Letter of Qualification. Preferential review of applicants to begin on April 29.

For more information, please contact Claudio Berti at [email protected] .

Assistant Laboratory Manager, IAMP

Position overview.

This is a position that will be associated with University of Idaho’s project entitled Innovative Agriculture and Marketing Partnership (IAMP). A large component of the project is the measurement, monitoring, reporting and verification (MMRV) of agronomic management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Included in this work is the analysis of soils and plant organic matter. The laboratory assistant will work with a team of students and project faculty to accomplish MMRV goals over the grant period. The position is located in the lab Biogeochemistry Core at U of I and affiliated with SWS. Reports to the Biogeochemistry Core Facility Leader on behalf of the user group which includes representatives of other departments in CALS, Engineering and Science.

The Assistant Laboratory Manager works with the Biogeochemistry Lab Manager to manage sample flow through and data quality with a focus on the Innovative Agriculture and Marketing Partnership samples (IAMP). The assistant will help to maintain and conduct analyses using analytical instrumentation within the Biogeochemistry Core Facility. Prepares reports of sample analyses.

• Operate, troubleshoot and maintain analytical instruments including greenhouse gas analyzers, elemental analyzers and flow injection analyzers
• Prepare standard solutions for instrument calibration, operation and analyses
• Interpret test results and compare with determined standards and limits
• Collect and organize laboratory data
• Upload data to data repositories as required
• Develop reference files, comparison charts and graphs on research data
• Maintain compliance with laboratory safety regulations
• Maintain schedule of users and clients and coordinate use of the instruments to maximize use and accessibility to members of the instrument user group
• Other duties as assigned

Sample preparation and analysis by (Estimated effort: 60%) :

• Grinding soil and plant samples
• Preparing reagents for nutrient extractions
• Weighing sample material for analyses
• Following Environmental Health and Safety regulations on chemical disposal

Maintenance of instrumentation by (Estimated effort: 20%) :

• Exchanging spent solid and liquid reagents with new reagents
• Following protocols in cleaning instrumentation
• Performing periodic cleaning of sensitive instrumentation with supervision
• Ordering new materials for instrumentation

Preparing data reports by (Estimated effort: 20%) :

• Collecting data from instruments and uploading to lab database
• Performing quality assurance and quality control of data from analysis
• Sending results to investigators with a report of internal precision
• High School Diploma or equivalent
• Experience working with instrumentation in a laboratory setting
• Collecting and recording data following pre-established procedures or protocols
• Accomplishing goals or completion of projects in a team environment
• Using computer software and applications for word processing, developing spreadsheets, email and internet research

Physical Requirements and Working Conditions

• Ability to lift, carry or otherwise move up to 50 pounds

Preferred Qualifications

• Bachelor’s Degree
• Hands-on research experience through coursework, employment, internships, fellowships or similar educational opportunity

Additional information

• Apply through the University of Idaho Careers page .
• In your application, please address all the minimum requirements in the Letter of Qualification. Preferential review of applicants to begin on April 29.

Institutional Program Implementation Specialist

Under the direction of the Office of Research and Economic Development Business Officer and alongside assigned project Principal Investigator(s), the Institutional Program Implementation Specialist will provide post-award performance, project and fiscal management of sponsored programs as assigned, with a focus on large and/or complex awards.

The Institutional Program Implementation Specialist will lead project management efforts and provide support to the Principal Investigators (PI), Research Administrators (RA), and project or program teams in the fiscal management, implementation and execution of complex sponsored project efforts. Post-Award responsibilities include creating comprehensive project implementation plans, managing budgets and program expenditures, project and task timelines and technical aspects of strategic sponsored projects in coordination with department personnel and PIs. This position will function as a liaison to facilitate a thorough understanding of each project or program team’s needs and performance and technical goals to strengthen and enhance existing support within the university and identify areas where additional support is needed.

• Lead, organize and track project communications with all stakeholders, including externally funded partners, sub-recipients and contractors
• Participate in setting meeting goals and outcomes
• Lead project management efforts by documenting scope and timelines, track progress towards key deliverables, draft meeting notes/records and facilitate the flow of information to project participants; may independently plan and complete assigned projects, events and programs with a defined scope
• Input sponsored program components into a project management software program and create a comprehensive timeline including internal and external partner tasks
• Coordinate complex travel, meeting and event arrangements for project leadership and other individuals
• Coordinate office operations, delegate work and provide input on performance evaluations
• Coordinate personnel actions
• Coordinate the purchasing of identified goods and services
• Monitor transactions and coordinate timely adjustments to ensure allowability of expenditures
• Develop and deliver project reports to internal and external stakeholders
• Ad hoc reporting including budget projections and monitoring
• Coordinate award closeout activities

Project Performance Management (Estimated effort: 55%) :

• Review of project Request for Proposal (RFP), Fully Executed Award and compliance requirements of both
• Lead project management efforts by developing and documenting scope and timelines, tracking progress towards key deliverables, drafting meeting notes/records and facilitating the flow of information to project participants; may independently plan and complete assigned projects, events and programs with a defined scope
• Contribute to the development of appropriate contract types, agreement mechanisms and strategies
• Lead initial program award “kick-off” and monthly, quarterly and annual program review sessions with the project team to ensure cost, schedule and technical performance goals are achieved
• Provide training and ongoing guidance to project participants, including faculty, administrative staff, central administration and external partners as project needs require
• Proactively identify project issues and work with stakeholders to find solutions
• Identify areas of project risk and implement appropriate risk mitigation strategies
• Ensure projects are compliant with university policy and regulatory requirements in areas such as Export Control, Restricted Research, Conflict of Interest, Research Security, Human Subjects, Animal Research, Environmental Health and Safety, etc.
• Develop and disseminate information continually to all pertinent parties concerning the fulfillment of project goals and objectives
• Delegate and monitor project workloads across the workforce to ensure timely, accurate and professional execution of project goals
• Provide guidance and/or support to project administration personnel related to personnel functions relative to the project
• Coordinate and execute the development, delivery and submission of performance reports as required by the sponsor and/or university

Project Fiscal Management (Estimated effort: 40%) :

• Function as primary contact for all post-award program activities, including reporting and budget management
• Working collaboratively with the Office of Sponsored Programs (OSP) to ensure the award setup accurately reflects the terms and conditions of the award as well as anticipated spending
• Function as liaison to OSP and assist with reporting and compliance inquiries and submissions
• Advise the project participants and teams on fiscal concerns and provide prudent corrective actions
• Audit project expenditures
• Advise project participants of the allowability of expenditures
• Facilitate and coordinate budget activities of the project
• Communicate regularly with project participants and OSP regarding grant activity, including developing and presenting financial reports
• Support and assist the Office of Research and Economic Development (ORED) in organizing, planning and implementing the project management approaches, tools, templates and best practices. Activities include development of recommended processes and procedures and training and support to employees

Other (Estimated effort: 5%) :

• Provide back-up and coverage in the ORED Fiscal Operations unit as needed
• Train and support other positions within ORED as assigned
• Serve on committees as appropriate and as appointed by supervisor
• Execute responsibility for other duties, projects and business in a collaborative and collegial way as assigned
• Two years of experience with funding-related proposal development, funding management or grant management
• One year of experience independently managing projects that involve multiple stakeholders which required providing training to personnel and stakeholders
• Serving as a liaison between internal and external entities and individuals to coordinate activities and resolve issues
• One year leading a team or teams
• Analyzing information from a variety of sources, including identifying problems, defining alternatives and assisting in implementing recommendations

Certification

• Project Management Professional
• Three or more years of experience in a sponsored programs-related support position doing work related to compliance with the regulatory principles that govern sponsored funding, preferably at an institution of higher education, non-profit or federal entity
• One year of experience working at a matrixed organization, such as an institution of higher education (IHE), preferably working in or with university research administration or management
• Experience managing conflict with the skills necessary to bring parties with disparate views toward mutually beneficial outcomes that promote long-term relationship-building

Knowledge and Skills

• Demonstrated ability to organize work effectively, conceptualize and prioritize objectives and exercise independent judgment based on an understanding of university policies and objectives
• Edit and write business correspondence using proper grammar and punctuation as demonstrated in application materials
• Knowledge of and experience applying accounting theory, principles and practices
• Knowledge of 2 CFR 200, federal and state regulations that govern sponsored projects and/or knowledge of U of I policies pertaining to sponsored funding
• Experience with project management software
• An open-minded and multidimensional approach to problem-solving
• Ability to evaluate internal controls and understand organizational risk, implementing appropriate policies or procedures to ensure compliance
• Collaborative, team-oriented leadership style and assessing where improvements are needed, making appropriate connections and building synergies
• Extensive proficiency in Word, Excel and PowerPoint

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• 01 May 2024

Found: the dial in the brain that controls the immune system

• Giorgia Guglielmi 0

Giorgia Guglielmi is a science journalist in Basel, Switzerland.

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Scientists have long known that the brain plays a part in the immune system — but how it does so has been a mystery. Now, scientists have identified cells in the brainstem that sense immune cues from the periphery of the body and act as master regulators of the body’s inflammatory response .

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-01259-2

Jin, H., Li, M., Jeong, E., Castro-Martinez, F. & Zuker, C. S. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07469-y (2024).

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Microsoft and LinkedIn release the 2024 Work Trend Index on the state of AI at work

May 8, 2024 | Microsoft Source

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New data shows most employees are experimenting with AI and growing their skills — now, the job of every leader is to channel this experimentation into business impact

REDMOND, Wash. — May 8, 2024 — On Wednesday, Microsoft Corp. and LinkedIn released the 2024 Work Trend Index, a joint report on the state of AI at work titled, “ AI at work is here. Now comes the hard part .” The research — based on a survey of 31,000 people across 31 countries, labor and hiring trends on LinkedIn, trillions of Microsoft 365 productivity signals, and research with Fortune 500 customers — shows how, just one year in, AI is influencing the way people work, lead and hire around the world. Microsoft also announced new capabilities in Copilot for Microsoft 365, and LinkedIn made free more than 50 learning courses for LinkedIn Premium subscribers designed to empower professionals at all levels to advance their AI aptitude. [1]

The data is in: 2024 is the year AI at work gets real. Use of generative AI at work has nearly doubled in the past six months. LinkedIn is seeing a significant increase in professionals adding AI skills to their profiles, and most leaders say they wouldn’t hire someone without AI skills. But with many leaders worried their company lacks an AI vision, and employees bringing their own AI tools to work, leaders have reached the hard part of any tech disruption: moving from experimentation to tangible business impact.

“AI is democratizing expertise across the workforce,” said Satya Nadella, chairman and CEO, Microsoft. “Our latest research highlights the opportunity for every organization to apply this technology to drive better decision-making, collaboration — and ultimately business outcomes.”

The report highlights three insights every leader and professional needs to know about AI’s impact on work and the labor market in the year ahead:

• Employees want AI at work — and won’t wait for companies to catch up: Seventy-five percent of knowledge workers now use AI at work. Employees, many of them struggling to keep up with the pace and volume of work, say AI saves time, boosts creativity, and allows them to focus on their most important work. But although 79% of leaders agree AI adoption is critical to remain competitive, 59% worry about quantifying the productivity gains of AI and 60% say their company lacks a vision and plan to implement it. So, employees are taking things into their own hands. 78% of AI users are bringing their own tools to work — Bring Your Own AI (BYOAI) — missing out on the benefits that come from strategic AI use at scale and putting company data at risk. The opportunity for every leader is to channel this momentum into business impact at scale.
• For employees, AI raises the bar and breaks the career ceiling : Although AI and job loss are top of mind for many, the data offers a more nuanced view — one with a hidden talent shortage, employees eyeing a career change, and massive opportunity for those willing to skill up on AI. A majority of leaders (55%) are concerned about having enough talent to fill roles this year with leaders in cybersecurity, engineering and creative design feeling the pinch most. And professionals are looking. Forty-six percent across the globe are considering quitting in the year ahead — an all-time high since the Great Reshuffle of 2021. A separate LinkedIn study found U.S. numbers to be even higher with 85% eyeing career moves. Although two-thirds of leaders (66%) wouldn’t hire someone without AI skills, only 39% of users have received AI training from their company and only 25% of companies expect to offer it this year. So, professionals are skilling up on their own. As of late last year, we’ve seen a 142x increase in LinkedIn members adding AI skills like Copilot and ChatGPT to their profiles and a 160% increase in nontechnical professionals using LinkedIn Learning courses to build their AI aptitude. In a world where AI mentions in LinkedIn job posts drive a 17% bump in application growth, it’s a two-way street: Organizations that empower employees with AI tools and training will attract the best talent, and professionals who skill up will have the edge.
• The rise of the AI power user — and what they reveal about the future: Four types of AI users emerged in the research — from skeptics who rarely use AI to power users who use it extensively. Compared to skeptics, AI power users have reoriented their workdays in fundamental ways, reimagining business processes and saving over 30 minutes per day. Over 90% of power users say AI makes their overwhelming workload more manageable and their work more enjoyable, but they aren’t doing it on their own. These users are 61% more likely to have heard from their CEO on the importance of using generative AI at work, 53% more likely to receive encouragement from leadership to consider how AI can transform their function, and 35% more likely to receive tailored AI training for their specific role or function.

“AI is redefining work, and it’s clear we need new playbooks,” said Ryan Roslansky, CEO of LinkedIn. “It’s the leaders who build for agility instead of stability and invest in skill building internally that will give their organizations a competitive advantage and create more efficient, engaged and equitable teams.”

Microsoft is also announcing Copilot for Microsoft 365 innovations to help people get started with AI.

• A new auto-complete feature is coming to the prompt box. Copilot will now help people who have the start of a prompt by offering to complete it, suggesting a more detailed prompt based on what is being typed, to deliver a stronger result.
• When people know what they want, but don’t have the right words, the new rewrite feature in Copilot will turn a basic prompt into a rich one with the click of a button.
• Catch Up is a new chat interface that surfaces personal insights based on recent activity and provides responsive recommendations. For example, Copilot will flag an upcoming meeting and provide relevant information to help participants prepare.
• And new capabilities in Copilot Lab will enable people to create, publish and manage prompts tailored to them, and to their specific team, role and function.

These features will be available in the coming months.

LinkedIn is also providing AI tools to enable you to stay ahead in your career.

• For upskilling. LinkedIn Learning offers more than 22,000 courses, including more than 600 AI courses, to build aptitude in generative AI , empower your teams to make GAI-powered business investments , or simply to keep your skills sharp. This includes over 50 new AI learning courses to empower professionals at all skill levels. New courses are free and available for everyone to use through July 8. Additionally, our new AI-Powered Coaching in LinkedIn Learning helps learners find the content they need to grow their skills faster, with greater personalization and guided conversational learning.
• For career advancement. For LinkedIn Premium subscribers, AI-powered personalized takeaways on LinkedIn Feed on posts, articles or videos (from the article to the commentary) can also help you daily in your career with personalized, relevant insights and opportunities including ideas and actions you can take.
• For job seeking. And if you’re looking to change your job, we’re also making it easier and faster to find your ideal job. With new AI-powered tools, you can now assess your fit for a role in seconds based on your experience and skills, get advice on how to stand out, and subscribers will also see nudges, for example suggestions for skills to build, professionals in your network to reach out to, and more . So far, more than 90% of subscribers who have access shared it’s been helpful in job search.

To learn more, visit the Official Microsoft Blog , the 2024 Work Trend Index Report , and head to LinkedIn to hear more from the company’s Chief Economist, Karin Kimbrough.

About Microsoft

Microsoft (Nasdaq “MSFT” @microsoft) creates platforms and tools powered by AI to deliver innovative solutions that meet the evolving needs of our customers. The technology company is committed to making AI available broadly and doing so responsibly, with a mission to empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more.

About LinkedIn

LinkedIn connects the world’s professionals to make them more productive and successful and transforms the way companies hire, learn, market and sell. Our vision is to create economic opportunity for every member of the global workforce through the ongoing development of the world’s first Economic Graph. LinkedIn has more than 1 billion members and has offices around the globe.

For more information, press only:

Microsoft Media Relations, WE Communications, (425) 638-7777,  [email protected]

LinkedIn Press Line, [email protected]

Note to editors:  For more information, news and perspectives from Microsoft, please visit the Microsoft News Center at  http://news.microsoft.com . Web links, telephone numbers and titles were correct at time of publication but may have changed. For additional assistance, journalists and analysts may contact Microsoft’s Rapid Response Team or other appropriate contacts listed at  https://news.microsoft.com/microsoft-public-relations-contacts .

[1] Courses will be available for free until July 8, 2024.

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Microsoft earnings press release available on Investor Relations website

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Research: Negotiating Is Unlikely to Jeopardize Your Job Offer

• Einav Hart,
• Julia Bear,
• Zhiying (Bella) Ren

A series of seven studies found that candidates have more power than they assume.

Job seekers worry about negotiating an offer for many reasons, including the worst-case scenario that the offer will be rescinded. Across a series of seven studies, researchers found that these fears are consistently exaggerated: Candidates think they are much more likely to jeopardize a deal than managers report they are. This fear can lead candidates to avoid negotiating altogether. The authors explore two reasons driving this fear and offer research-backed advice on how anxious candidates can approach job negotiations.

Imagine that you just received a job offer for a position you are excited about. Now what? You might consider negotiating for a higher salary, job flexibility, or other benefits , but you’re apprehensive. You can’t help thinking: What if I don’t get what I ask for? Or, in the worst-case scenario, what if the hiring manager decides to withdraw the offer?

• Einav Hart is an assistant professor of management at George Mason University’s Costello College of Business, and a visiting scholar at the Wharton School. Her research interests include conflict management, negotiations, and organizational behavior.
• Julia Bear is a professor of organizational behavior at the College of Business at Stony Brook University (SUNY). Her research interests include the influence of gender on negotiation, as well as understanding gender gaps in organizations more broadly.
• Zhiying (Bella) Ren is a doctoral student at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Her research focuses on conversational dynamics in organizations and negotiations.

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Yale Child Study Center Job & Trainee Opportunities: May 2024

Yale child study center office entrance.

The Yale Child Study Center (YCSC), which serves as the child psychiatry department at the Yale School of Medicine (YSM), offers a variety of opportunities for talented individuals seeking to improve and impact the lives of children and families through research, service, training, and more.

Several excellent benefits and rewards packages are offered for YSM faculty and staff, and current openings are listed below. To receive monthly updates on opportunities to join YCSC in your inbox, be sure to subscribe to YCSC Connections .

Faculty positions

• Assistant Professor of Clinical Child Psychology (Pediatric GI Psychologist)
• Assistant Professor of Clinical Child Psychology (Pediatric Psychologist – Pediatric Craniofacial)
• Child Clinical Psychologist
• Child Psychiatry Faculty Position (Westport)
• Clinical Faculty Position (Anxiety Treatment)
• Clinical Faculty Position (Autism)
• Clinical Faculty Position (Early Childhood)
• Clinical Faculty Position (High Intensity Care)

Staff positions

• Grant & Gift Administrator , Center for Emotional Intelligence
• Marketing & Engagement Manager , Center for Emotional Intelligence
• Research Assistant , Gracco/Pugh Lab (Reading Remediation Study)

Trainee positions

Several open postgraduate and postdoctoral positions are now available for review on Yale’s Office for Postdoctoral Affairs website , including:

• Postdoctoral Associate, Center for Emotional Intelligence Mirror to the World Program
• Postdoctoral Associate, Center for Emotional Intelligence RULER Program

The department of child psychiatry for YSM and Yale New Haven Hospital, the YCSC is also a center for basic neurodevelopment research on the earliest neurodevelopment and behavioral problems troubling children. The mission of the center is to improve the mental health of children and families, advance understanding of their psychological and developmental needs, and treat and prevent childhood mental illness through the integration of research, clinical practice, and professional training.

Yale University considers applicants for employment without regard to, and does not discriminate on the basis of, an individual’s sex, race, color, religion, age, disability, status as a veteran, or national or ethnic origin; nor does Yale discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity or expression.

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 protects people from sex discrimination in educational programs and activities at institutions that receive federal financial assistance. Questions regarding Title IX may be referred to the University’s Title IX Coordinator, at [email protected] , or to the U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, 8th Floor, Five Post Office Square, Boston MA 02109-3921. Telephone: 617.289.0111, Fax: 617.289.0150, TDD: 800.877.8339, or email [email protected] .

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Microsoft and LinkedIn release the 2024 Work Trend Index on the state of AI at work

May 8, 2024 | Jared Spataro - CVP, AI at Work

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One year ago, generative AI burst onto the scene and for the first time since the smartphone, people began to change the way they interact with technology. People are bringing AI to work at an unexpected scale — and now the big question is, how’s it going?

As AI becomes ubiquitous in the workplace, employees and businesses alike are under extreme pressure. The pace and intensity of work, which accelerated during the pandemic, has not eased, so employees are bringing their own AI to work. Leaders agree AI is a business imperative — and feel the pressure to show immediate ROI — but many lack a plan and vision to go from individual impact to applying AI to drive the bottom line.

At the same time, the labor market is set to shift and there’s a new AI economy. While some professionals worry AI will replace their job, the data tells a more nuanced story — of a hidden talent shortage, more employees eyeing a career change, and a massive opportunity for those willing to skill up.

“AI is democratizing expertise across the workforce,” said Satya Nadella, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Microsoft. “Our latest research highlights the opportunity for every organization to apply this technology to drive better decision-making, collaboration — and ultimately business outcomes.”

For our fourth annual Work Trend Index, out today, we partnered with LinkedIn for the first time on a joint report so we could provide a comprehensive view of how AI is not only reshaping work, but the labor market more broadly. We surveyed 31,000 people across 31 countries, identified labor and hiring trends from LinkedIn, analyzed trillions of Microsoft 365 productivity signals and conducted research with Fortune 500 customers. The data points to insights every leader and professional needs to know — and actions they can take — when it comes to AI’s implications for work.

1. Employees want AI at work — and won’t wait for companies to catch up.

Three in four knowledge workers (75%) now use AI at work. Employees, overwhelmed and under duress, say AI saves time, boosts creativity and allows them to focus on their most important work. While 79% of leaders agree AI adoption is critical to remain competitive, 59% worry about quantifying the productivity gains of AI and 60% worry their company lacks a vision and plan to implement it. While leaders feel the pressure to turn individual productivity gains into organizational impact, employees aren’t waiting to reap the benefits: 78% of AI users are bringing their own AI tools to work. The opportunity for every leader is to channel this momentum into ROI.

2. For employees, AI raises the bar and breaks the career ceiling .

We also see AI beginning to impact the job market. While AI and job loss are top of mind for some, our data shows more people are eyeing a career change, there are jobs available, and employees with AI skills will get first pick. The majority of leaders (55%) say they’re worried about having enough talent to fill open roles this year, with leaders in cybersecurity, engineering, and creative design feeling the pinch most.

And professionals are looking. Forty-six percent across the globe are considering quitting in the year ahead — an all-time high since the Great Reshuffle of 2021 — a separate LinkedIn study found U.S. numbers to be even higher with 85% eyeing career moves. While two-thirds of leaders wouldn’t hire someone without AI skills, only 39% of users have received AI training from their company. So, professionals are skilling up on their own. As of late last year, we’ve seen a 142x increase in LinkedIn members adding AI skills like Copilot and ChatGPT to their profiles and a 160% increase in non-technical professionals using LinkedIn Learning courses to build their AI aptitude.

In a world where AI mentions in LinkedIn job posts drive a 17% bump in application growth, it’s a two-way street: Organizations that empower employees with AI tools and training will attract the best talent, and professionals who skill up will have the edge.

3. The rise of the AI power user — and what they reveal about the future.

In the research, four types of AI users emerged on a spectrum — from skeptics who rarely use AI to power users who use it extensively. Compared to skeptics, AI power users have reoriented their workdays in fundamental ways, reimagining business processes and saving over 30 minutes per day. Over 90% of power users say AI makes their overwhelming workload more manageable and their work more enjoyable, but they aren’t doing it on their own.

Power users work for a different kind of company. They are 61% more likely to have heard from their CEO on the importance of using generative AI at work, 53% more likely to receive encouragement from leadership to consider how AI can transform their function and 35% more likely to receive tailored AI training for their specific role or function.

“AI is redefining work and it’s clear we need new playbooks,” said Ryan Roslansky, CEO of LinkedIn. “It’s the leaders who build for agility instead of stability and invest in skill building internally that will give their organizations a competitive advantage and create more efficient, engaged and equitable teams.”

The prompt box is the new blank page

We hear one consistent piece of feedback from our customers: talking to AI is harder than it seems. We’ve all learned how to use a search engine, identifying the right few words to get the best results. AI requires more context — just like when you delegate work to a direct report or colleague. But for many, staring down that empty prompt box feels like facing a blank page: Where should I even start?

Today, we’re announcing Copilot for Microsoft 365 innovations to help our customers answer that question.

YouTube Video

• Catch Up, a new chat interface that surfaces personal insights based on your recent activity, provides responsive recommendations , like “You have a meeting with the sales VP on Thursday. Let’s get you prepared — click here to get detailed notes.”

These features will be available in the coming months, and in the future, we’ll take it a step further, with Copilot asking you questions to get to your best work yet.

LinkedIn has also made free over 50 learning courses to empower professionals at all levels to advance their AI aptitude.

Head to WorkLab for the full Work Trend Index Report , and head to LinkedIn to hear more from LinkedIn’s Chief Economist, Karin Kimbrough, on how AI is reshaping the labor market.

And for all the blogs, videos and assets related to today’s announcements, please visit our  microsite .

Tags: AI , LinkedIn , Microsoft Copilot , Work Trend Index

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Northern Lights Set to Return During Extreme Solar Storm’s 2nd Night

Electrical utilities said they weathered earlier conditions as persistent geomagnetic storms were expected to cause another light show in evening skies.

By Katrina Miller ,  Ivan Penn and Emmett Lindner

Night skies in many parts of the Northern Hemisphere are expected to bloom again on Saturday night with the vivid colors of the northern lights , or aurora borealis, as a powerful geomagnetic storm caused by a hyperactive sun persists through the weekend.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , which monitors space weather, said in an update on Saturday that it continued to observe solar activity that could lead to periods of “severe-extreme” geomagnetic storms . The federal agency first issued a warning on Friday as bursts of material from the sun’s surface traveled into Earth’s atmosphere, causing irregularities in power, navigation and communication systems.

Major power utilities had largely prepared their electrical grids for the solar storm, and their customers were unaffected.

For most people, the solar storm was a gift: It caused ribbons of pink, purple and green light across night skies of much of the United States, Canada and Europe . Where evening skies are clear on Saturday, the lights can be expected again.

Known as aurora, the light is caused by particles from the sun interacting with gases in Earth’s atmosphere, and is usually only observed at latitudes closer to the North or South Pole. But on Friday night, residents of lower latitudes, including those in North Carolina and Arizona, saw the dancing lights.

Jane Wong, 30, of San Francisco, drove to the Presidio overlooking the Golden Gate Bridge where conditions started out foggy. But at midnight, her wait paid off as the sky started to clear.

“It’s right here, which is really magnificent,” she said.

Benjamin Williamson, 41, of Bath, Maine, drove to the Portland Head Light, a lighthouse in the state. An aurora enthusiast, he’d seen the northern lights during another major solar event in 2003, and in Iceland in 2017. None of those events, nor the April 8 solar eclipse, prepared him for what he saw on Friday.

“The solar eclipse last month, I thought that was the coolest thing I’d ever seen,” he said. “This might have beat it.”

Solar storms are caused by violent expulsions of charged particles from the sun’s surface. When directed toward Earth the material can interact with our planet’s magnetic field, resulting in a geomagnetic storm.

NOAA categorizes geomagnetic storms on a “G” scale of 1, or “minor,” to 5, “extreme.” On Thursday, the agency issued its first watch in 19 years for a G4, or “severe,” storm, which escalated into a warning on Friday afternoon.

Activity has exceeded the agency’s prediction, and some of it is now classified as G5, making it the strongest storm to reach Earth since October 2003.

The storm is caused by a giant cluster of sunspots, or dark, cool regions on the solar surface with strong magnetic fields. (If you still have your eclipse glasses handy, you may be able to see the sunspots during the day.) According to NOAA, the cluster will continue to flare and explode, with effects on Earth through at least the weekend. In 1989, a geomagnetic disturbance disrupted power systems in Canada and the United States. Energy providers have been on guard ever since.

“The utilities have been preparing for a large storm with the required vulnerability assessments,” said Bob Arritt, a technical executive at the Electric Power Research Institute, an independent research and development organization.

Some utilities saw high temperature alarms triggered overnight on parts of the electric grid, Mr. Arritt said, but added that it was too early to know if the alarms were related to the solar storm. He said he could not disclose the locations of the alerts as of Saturday.

But while the power system faced some additional stress from the storm, he added, “We have no reason to feel that there is any imminent threat to damaging equipment.”

The solar storm prompted managers of a number of electric grids to take extra precautions to keep electricity flowing, and to issue warnings to customers about potential disruptions.

PJM, the manager of the nation’s largest grid network across 13 states from the East Coast to the Midwest, said its geomagnetic disturbance warning would continue through the end of Saturday. ISO New England, which manages the electric grid for six states in the Northeast, issued a precautionary alert, which notified participants in wholesale energy markets and owners of electrical generation equipment that abnormal conditions are present on the power system.

Katrina Miller is a science reporting fellow for The Times. She recently earned her Ph.D. in particle physics from the University of Chicago. More about Katrina Miller

Ivan Penn is a reporter based in Los Angeles and covers the energy industry. His work has included reporting on clean energy, failures in the electric grid and the economics of utility services. More about Ivan Penn

Emmett Lindner writes about breaking and trending news. He has written about international protests, climate change and social media influencers. More about Emmett Lindner

What’s Up in Space and Astronomy

Keep track of things going on in our solar system and all around the universe..

Never miss an eclipse, a meteor shower, a rocket launch or any other 2024 event  that’s out of this world with  our space and astronomy calendar .

A dramatic blast from the sun  set off the highest-level geomagnetic storm in Earth’s atmosphere, making the northern lights visible around the world .

With the help of Google Cloud, scientists who hunt killer asteroids churned through hundreds of thousands of images of the night sky to reveal 27,500 overlooked space rocks in the solar system .

A celestial image, an Impressionistic swirl of color in the center of the Milky Way, represents a first step toward understanding the role of magnetic fields  in the cycle of stellar death and rebirth.

Scientists may have discovered a major flaw in their understanding of dark energy, a mysterious cosmic force . That could be good news for the fate of the universe.

Is Pluto a planet? And what is a planet, anyway? Test your knowledge here .

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Moscow court bans racist job adverts

Solntsevo District Court in Moscow has banned the dissemination online of job advertisements containing phrases such as “only for Slavs” as a precondition for applicants, the press service of the capital’s courts of general jurisdiction announced Monday. 

The court ruled that the racial qualification listed in job ads which require applicants to have a Slavic appearance or ethnicity, “contradict the fundamentals of law and order [and] violate the interests of society and the state.”  

Any such hiring policy adopted by employers posting job ads containing racial requirements on public websites can be considered “illegal and criminally punishable,” according to the court.

Article 136 of the Russian Criminal Code provides for penalizing any discrimination against citizens because of their “gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations or social groups,” by individuals “using their official position.”

On conviction, the maximum penalty for a crime under the article is five years in prison.

In March, Russian President Vladimir Putin emphasized the importance of persevering with the multinational Russian state, saying that nationalist ideas are of concern for the country.

Russia is a multinational and a multi-confessional state, and the violation of rights of any citizens will only lead to a collapse of the country, the president warned. He noted that 190 ethnic groups currently live in Russia, with some nationalities comprising millions of people.

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Expiring TCJA Tax Provisions in 2026 Would Produce Substantial Tax Hike across the U.S.

At the end of 2025, the individual tax A tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities. provisions in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ( TCJA ) expire all at once . Without congressional action, most taxpayers will see a notable tax increase relative to current policy in 2026.

In 2026, business taxes will also be higher as 100 percent bonus depreciation Bonus depreciation allows firms to deduct a larger portion of certain “short-lived” investments in new or improved technology, equipment, or buildings in the first year. Allowing businesses to write off more investments partially alleviates a bias in the tax code and incentivizes companies to invest more, which, in the long run, raises worker productivity, boosts wages, and creates more jobs. continues to phase down and TCJA base broadeners like research and development (R&D) amortization and a tighter limit on interest deductions remain in effect.

Policymakers may consider extending the current TCJA policy for individual tax provisions and canceling the business tax hikes. Tax Foundation estimates that permanence for the individual and business provisions (excluding the estate tax An estate tax is imposed on the net value of an individual’s taxable estate, after any exclusions or credits , at the time of death. The tax is paid by the estate itself before assets are distributed to heirs. changes) would cost about $3.8 trillion over the 10-year budget window from 2025 through 2034.

To visualize what’s at stake, Tax Foundation has estimated the average change in taxes paid per taxpayer under TCJA expiration relative to current policy across each congressional district. The congressional district map below shows the tax increase households will face if TCJA individual tax provisions expire and business taxes increase as scheduled.

The tax hikes from TCJA expiration would vary across the United States . The largest average tax hikes would be experienced by taxpayers who reside in California ’s congressional districts. For example, the congressional district covering the San Francisco area would see an average tax hike of $16,127 per taxpayer, the highest in the U.S.

By contrast, northern New York City would see an average tax increase of $807 per taxpayer under TCJA expiration. Across all congressional districts, the average tax increase costs each taxpayer about $2,853 compared to current policy where TCJA remains in place and the business tax hikes are canceled.

Individual tax provisions also exhibit geographic variation. For example, the $10,000 cap on state and local tax (SALT) deductions tends to have the greatest impact on taxpayers in higher tax localities on the coasts of the U.S.

Tax Foundation estimates permanence for TCJA would create about 904,000 full-time equivalent jobs, ranging from more than 136,000 jobs in California and 75,000 jobs in Texas to about 1,660 new jobs in Vermont .

The resulting increase in employment would otherwise not occur if the TCJA is allowed to expire as scheduled in 2026 or is not made permanent. The map provides a state-level breakdown of the full-time equivalent jobs that would be lost if the TCJA individual provisions are not made permanent and the domestic TCJA-related business tax hikes are not canceled. In other words, it illustrates the potential job gains forfeited by allowing the TCJA to expire rather than be made permanent.

The choice to let TCJA provisions expire or to extend them will also forfeit broader economic gains. Making the TCJA individual tax provisions permanent and canceling TCJA-related business tax hikes would raise long-run GDP by about 1.1 percent, increase wages by about 0.3 percent, and create a 0.9 percent larger national capital stock.

The Impact Of TCJA Expirations By Congressional District, 2026

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Methodology

We estimate the geographic distribution of tax changes under an extension of the TCJA individual provisions and cancellation of domestic business provisions using conventional revenue estimates at the national level generated by the Tax Foundation’s General Equilibrium Model. In this map, we do not include the impact of making permanent the TCJA’s estate tax changes.

We then allocate to filers in congressional districts using data from the IRS Statistics of Income for individual tax returns in 2021. (Conventional revenue estimates do not include impacts on GDP and other economic aggregates.) The IRS data provides various tax characteristics broken down by congressional district (CD). For consistency with the latest SOI data, we use CDs as they existed in 2021, which may not map onto existing CDs due to redistricting.

From the IRS data, certain tax characteristics are used to allocate to CDs the conventional national revenue estimates for each of the TCJA provisions, as described in Table 2, and then averaged by the number of filers in each CD. This analysis’s accuracy is limited by the extent of the IRS data at the CD level.

For the TCJA business provisions, we assume these fall partly on capital income and partly on labor income, in accordance with several studies . In particular , we assume the corporate tax is initially borne mainly by capital income (90 percent in the first year), and over time the burden shifts to labor income until it is evenly split across capital and labor income in the long run (50 percent capital income and 50 percent labor income in the fifth year and beyond).

Our state-level jobs impacts are allocated based on the national jobs estimated from the Tax Foundation General Equilibrium Model and the distribution of labor and capital income across the states.