essay on civil service

US Civil Service Reforms Essay

The U.S. has undergone several civil service reforms through its history. From the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in 1883 that mandated that government positions should be filled according to merit rather than other criteria to lesser State reforms. In recent years, different states, including Georgia, Florida, Arizona, Colorado, and Tennessee, have been reforming their civil service policies. These reforms, in general, are aimed at making it easier to hire and retain government employees based on their merit and job performance.

These reforms also make it easier for government agencies within these states to seek the most competent employees. In a large part, this is achieved by removing protections current employees enjoy, such as seniority, and converting their positions to “at will” status. This status means that an employee can be laid off without having to find a justifiable cause for termination. The exception is illegal termination, such as that based on discrimination on the grounds of sex or religion.

Tennessee saw a major reform of its civil service in 2012, addressing the issues mentioned above. In the previous system, seniority was considered the primary criterion for employment, giving preference to more senior employees rather than ones who are more competent or suitable for the job (Barrett & Greene, 2015). The test given to applicants was described as “antiquated” and not necessarily related to the skills required by the position (Barrett & Greene, 2015). Finally, only the top 5 scorers on the test could be hired, giving preference to the most senior candidates, and thus severely limiting an agency’s hiring options (Barrett & Greene, 2015). State legislators targeted these issues with their proposed reform.

The 2012 Tennessee Excellence, Accuntability and Management (TEAM) Act sought to change that, as well as introduce other improvements to the state’s civil service system. It concerns both hiring and layoff practices, and makes civil employees’ performance easier to evaluate. Specifically, the TEAM Act requires agencies to clearly define the knowledge and skills required for each position (Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions, n. d.).

Furthermore, in case two candidates with equal qualifications are available, preference will be given to veterans (Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions, n. d.). Employees performance is now evaluated through setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-sensitive (SMART) goals, a system commonly used in private businesses (Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions, n. d.). Finally, though seniority is considered in cases of layoff, it is secondary to job performance (Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions, n. d.). These changes shift the focus in hiring, layoff, and performance evaluation practices away from seniority and towards merit and performance.

In the state of Arizona, similarly outdated civil service rules caused significant problems, highlighting why the subsequent reforms were necessary. A lack of at-will employment policies led to major complications when trying to lay off employees and an overuse of paid administrative leave within state institutions (Kelley, n. d.). Furthermore, a lack of reliable tools for performance evaluation made it difficult to determine a government employee’s competence and, therefore, decide whether to discipline or fire him or her (Kelley, n. d.). Moreover, the protections afforded to current employees made laying them off difficult even in cases where insufficient performance or disciplinary issues could be proven (Kelley, n. d.). Such issues with the previous system have prompted the state to launch its reform in 2012.

Barrett, K., & Greene, R. (2015). How Tennessee transformed the way it hires and fires people. Governing. Web.

Kelley, M. (n. d.) Civil service rules keep inept government employees on the job . Goldwater Institute. Web.

Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions. (n. d.). TEAM Act . Web.

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Discrimination: Trans World Airlines, Inc. vs. Hardison
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Women's Health in Correctional Settings: Addressing the Crucial Issues
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UPSC Civil Services – Exam, Syllabus, Current Affairs | CivilServices.com

Civil Services Essay Exam (Mains) – Tips for Writing the Best Essay

The Civil Services Essay Mains Exam is one of the essential exams in the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Civil Services Mains Examination. For this part, candidates have to write two essays, each with a word count of 1000 – 1200 words or as per the latest requirement of the UPSC. The candidates can select one out of four options. Each essay comprises of 125 marks with a total of 250 marks.

Candidates need to prepare well for this exam, and they should start practising for this exam after analyzing the pattern from the previous year papers.

Note- It is recommended that you follow specific steps while writing the essay paper.

Read the topics thoroughly in order to be able to choose one out of four topics. Selecting a topic for UPSC plays a very critical role in determining your chances of scoring good marks in the result, make sure you know most about that topic out of the given topics.
Do not pick a sensitive or controversial topic.
Never select a topic which you are too passionate or feel strongly about as it can lead to a very personal and opinionated essay.
Think and take some time in justifying your chosen topic.
After finalizing your topic, you should think about the key areas and points you want to cover in the essay, and you shouldn’t start writing it right away. It is essential to remember and collect your thoughts on the topic. Start writing your points with pencil, as this is essential because only then you can re-write your critical points in the correct sequence while writing your final essay.

Note- Once you have decided upon the key points, you can start framing the final essay. While writing, you need to focus on a good structure.

Recommended Structure of the UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam Essay Paper

Start with a strong introduction.
Historical facts.
Describe the main issue/problem.
Plot the current scenario/current news related to the topic.
Positive and negative aspects of the topic.
Obstacles while solving the problem.
Reforms/way forward.

Get some extra marks by including the following pointers

Relevant or motivational quote/saying by any famous personality
Relevant government schemes and policies.
Any data and stats based information should be correct.

Essential points to consider while writing the essay

Never get personal in your essay.
Don’t have extreme views on any topic.
Don’t just present problems. Give possible reforms/solutions also.
Don’t criticize anyone/anything excessively with a single point of view.
Never choose a provocative topic for your essay; your essay shouldn’t be the centre around it. Present a balanced picture. You don’t HAVE to agree to the issue.
Avoid writing perfect solutions.
Understand the fact that you are a future officer.

Other points to keep in mind while preparing to write the essay

What does the UPSC say about the essay paper?
What resources do you have to prepare?
How do you improve language and expression?
A better understanding of subheadings and rough drafts.
What words or mistakes should you avoid?
How do you write a compelling and grammatically correct introduction?
Developing the content strategy of the essay.
Substantiating your arguments and points.
How do you conclude an essay with a call to action?

One of the essential papers in the UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam is the Essay Paper. Candidates are required to write two essays, each having 1000 to 1200 words. To qualify for this part, candidates should score 125 out of the 250 total marks.

To be able to get favorable scores, candidates can follow the recommended structure for the UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam Essay paper.

Areas covered in this article

Tips to write a good essay for the UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam

Practice Essay Topics for UPSC

March 2024 Essay Contest (Last date is March 31, 2024)

Method of Writing Essay Paper for civil services: After deciding the topic 1. Start brain stroming 2. Write down all the ideas that you about the topic. 3. Do not classify or systematise your points at this stage. 4. Put them on paper randomly as they flow in. 5. Later, arrange the ideas in a logical and sequential manner. 6. Having arrived at the sequence, start writing, giving due care to the introduction, the body and finally the conclusion. 7. Ensure that you have enough time for revision. 8. Remember it is a General Essay Paper and you should not be highly technical.

IAS Essay Writing Tips By Mr Ravi Kapoor IRS

How closely is the topic related to what I have studied
I have completely understood the topic
Have I practiced this topic before?
I can think of 3 arguments for and 3 against the topic.
There are 3 connections of this topic with India.
There is one current event associated with the topic.

If Youth knew if Age could
The Game of Politics
Secularism in India

Essay Topics: September - 2019 ( Last Date: 30 th September )

Feeding India’s billion plus population, the roadmap ahead.
Tree plantation drives, are they enough to get enough rains?
What does marriage mean to the millennials in India?
How important is the role of a housewife to India’s economic growth?

Selected Essay Topics: August - 2019

Fulfilment of ”new Women” in India Is a Myth - Dr.Rashmi Bhat.
Fulfilment of ”new Women” in India Is a Myth - Yohalakshmi Nethi Gopalakrishnan
Farming Has Lost the Ability to Be a Source of Subsistence for Majority of Farmers in India - M.Surya (Winner)
Is There Enough Employment for the Youth of India? What Can Be Done? - Jnandeep Bora. (Winner)

Essay Topics: April - 2019 ( Last Date: 30 th April )

Rahul Gandhi's minimum income guarantee scheme - Comment
Pak approval to establish a corridor for Sharda Peeth
SC decision to aside the life ban imposed on Sreesanth
Defeat of Islamic State in Syria

Essay Topics: March - 2019 ( Last Date: 31 st March )

Govt announcement of No tax for income till Rs 5 lakh- Comment
Pulwama terror attack and its aftermath.
Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan and his approach towards peace
Priyanka Gandhi and her entry into politics

Essay Topics: February - 2019 ( Last Date: 28 th Feb )

10 per cent reservation for general category - Comment
Is the current Indian Cricket team, the best ever Indian Team ?
Sea Erosion and its implication.
Economic offenders in India.

Essay Topics: January- 2019 ( Last Date: 31 st Jan )

Plastic ban in India
Witness protection scheme in India
Importance of Reservation of Seats for Women in Parliament - Comment
India's dependence on Russia for critical defense equipments.

Essay Topics: December- 2018 ( Last Date: 31 st Dec )

Can fake news affect the voting pattern in India ?
Cyclone Gaja and its effect on Tamilnadu
Is the ongoing crisis in CBI hurting the image of Indian government - Comment
UP government decision to build a 221 metre Ram statue.

Essay Topics: November- 2018 ( Last Date: 30 th Nov )

SC lifts ban on entry of women in Sabarimala temple - Comment.
India's Statue of Unity - Comment
Will the political crisis in Srilanka, affect India's interest in the country ?
Can the 'Me Too' Campaign bring about a change ?

Essay Topics: October- 2018 ( Last Date: October 31 )

The Supreme Court verdict on Sabarimala Case - Discuss
Adultery is not crime - Comment
Can the bullet train from Mumbai to Ahmedabad create a big difference ?
Decriminalisation of Section 377

Essay Topics: September- 2018 ( Last Date: September 30 )

Sudden rise of petrol and diesel price
Reasons behind the Kerala floods
Stone pelting in Jammu and Kashmir
Challenges before the new Pak PM Imran Khan

Selected Essay Topics: July - 2019

Customary Morality Cannot Be a Guide to Modern Life - Karthiayani Nair
A Good Life Is One Inspired by Love and Guided by Knowledge - Krupan P M (Winner)
A People That Values Its Privileges above Its Principles, Loses Both - Shuvajyoti Dutta

Selected Essay Topics: June - 2019

Alternative Technologies for Climate Change. - Surya
Alternative Technologies for Climate Change. - Sayyed Samreen Roomi
Poverty Anywhere is a Threat to Prosperity Everywhere. - Durgesh Kumar Singh (Winner)
Poverty Anywhere is a Threat to Prosperity Everywhere. - Mimansa Sahrawat
Poverty Anywhere is a Threat to Prosperity Everywhere. - Jnandeep Bora

Selected Essay Topics: May - 2019

Rise of Religious Terrorism in Sri Lanka - Sayed Nishat Tanaum (Winner)
India's Decision to Create Indo-pacific Division. - Malavika.R
The Proposal to Allow Dentist Practice as General Physician. - Reshma Bhat.DR

Selected Essay Topics: April - 2019

Rahul Gandhi's minimum income guarantee scheme - Harshini Manthripragada (Winner)

Selected Essay Topics: March - 2019

Priyanka Gandhi and her entry into politics - JNANDEEP BORA (Winner)
Pulwama terror attack and its aftermath - Amit Aseri (Selected)
Government announcement of No tax for income till Rs. 5 lakh - Sneha Lad (Selected)

Essay Topics: February - 2019

10 Per Cent Reservation For General Category - Veena Goyal (Winner)
10 Per Cent Reservation For General Category - Manish Kumar (Selected)
Economic Offenders in India - Abraham Johnson Achaniyil (Selected)

Essay Topics: January - 2019

Plastic ban in India - Manish Kumar (Winner)
Importance of reservation of seats for women in Parliament - Dr Rashmi Bhat (Selected)

Essay Topics: December- 2018

Can fake news affect voting pattern in India -Mohammad Fasal (Winner)

Essay Topics: November- 2018

Statue of Unity -Dr Rashmi Bhat
Statue of Unity -VVV Satyanarayana
Statue of Unity -Shaoni Chakraborty
SC lifts ban on entry of women in Sabarimala temple -Sumit Chauhan (Winner)

Essay Topics: October- 2018

Adultery is not a crime -Aakash Kadam (Winner)
Adultery is not a crime -Devarakonda sailesh
The Supreme Court Verdict on Sabarimala Temple Case -Paarinder Singh (Winner)
The Supreme Court Verdict on Sabarimala Temple Case -Atrayee Banerjee
Can the bullet train from Mumbai to Ahmedabad create a big difference -Chitresh Shrivastva (Winner)
Can the bullet train from Mumbai to Ahmedabad create a big difference -Karthiayani S Nair
Decriminalization of 377 -Atrayee Banerjee (Winner)

Essay Topics: September- 2018

Sudden rise of petrol and diesel price -Aakash Kadam (Winner)
Reasons behind the Kerala floods -Srishakthi.M

Essay Topics: August- 2018

Why India Needs Judicial Reforms ? -Sharanya Sanjay (Winner)
Why India Needs Judicial Reforms ? -Satarupa Mukherjee
Should Petroluem brought under GST -Abraham Johnson Anchaniyil
Rise Of Naxalism -Sudhir Kumar Yadav (Winner)
Rise Of Naxalism -Vidhi Bhardwaj

Essay Topics: July- 2018

Social media and its impact on Indian society -Ananya Mohanty
Political turmoil in Kashmir - Tanya Ahuja
The challenge of education in India - Avantika Bhardwaj (Winner)
The challenge of education in India - Ritesh Kumar
The challenge of education in India - Srishakthi.M
The challenge of education in India - Anita Yesale
Why are Indian users, very vulnerable to cyber attacks? - M. Jhoshit Reddy

Essay Topics: June- 2018

Do you think the TN government decision to close sterlite plant hurt industries? -Srishakthi.M
Do you think the TN government decision to close sterlite plant hurt industries? -Vinita Pahel (Winner)
Will the University Grants Commission's decision to approve graduate and diploma programme online impact regular courses? � Comment -Abraham Johnson Anchaniyil
Will the University Grants Commission's decision to approve graduate and diploma programme online impact regular courses? � Comment -Anuj Pandey (Winner)
US withdrawal from Iran nuclear deal - Comment. -Satarupa Mukherjee

Essay Topics: April- 2018

Did Ball tempering issue derailed the reputation of the Australian Cricket Team ?- Comment -Prasoon chuadhary (Winner)
Is it possible to solve Cauvery water dispute between Tamilnadu and Karnataka? -Satarupa Mukherjee
Is it possible to solve Cauvery water dispute between Tamilnadu and Karnataka? -Irfan Ahamed (Winner)
Is it possible to solve Cauvery water dispute between Tamilnadu and Karnataka? -SRISHAKTHI M
Will the Indian Real Estate Industry Back to Track on 2018? -B.V.KRISHNA REDDY

Essay Topics: March- 2018

What is the cause for decrease in the forest cover in India? -Deepa H Kurane
What is the cause for decrease in the forest cover in India? -Jnandeep Bora
Is Saudi Arabia modernising with the recent reforms? -Abu Talha
Is Saudi Arabia modernising with the recent reforms? -M.JHOSHIT REDDY (Winner)
Does Karnataka really need its own flag? -B.V.KRISHNA REDDY
42 Indian Languages and dialect stare at extinction - Comment -B .Thulasi (Winner)

Essay Topics: February - 2018

What are the Pros and cons of solar energy ? -Zujamo Ngullie
What are the Pros and cons of solar energy ? -Jnandeep Bora
What are the Pros and cons of solar energy ? -Kanika Varma (Winner)
How can India become self sufficient in Defence Sector? -Ritesh Kumar (Winner)
How can India become self sufficient in Defence Sector? -Satarupa Mukherjee
Has the Budget 2018 lost its excitement, with the introduction of GST ? -B.L.Prasad

Essay Topics: January - 2018

What are the positive and negative impacts of GST ? -Aayushi Shukla
What are the positive and negative impacts of GST ? -Akriti Singh
What are the positive and negative impacts of GST -B V Krishna Reddy (Winner)
What are the positive and negative impacts of GST -Laxmi Prasad
Why India is not developed as a great scientific power ? -B.Dwarakanada Reddy
Why India is not developed as a great scientific power ? -Nitin Thakur
Why India is not developed as a great scientific power ? -Ritesh Kumar (Winner)
India a loser in most of the sports apart from cricket ? -Rohini Singh (Winner)
Do privacy issues outweigh the important benefits of Aadhaar Card ? -Karthiayani Nair

Essay Topics: December - 2017 How the goal of energy security can be achieved in India? -Akriti Singh How the goal of energy security can be achieved in India? -Sudhakaran K (Winner) What growing Hindu Religious chauvinism means to Indian nation? -Jnandeep Bora (Winner) What growing Hindu Religious chauvinism means to Indian nation? -Ruchi Singh Will the new economic measures take the Indian economy in right direction? -B Dwarakanadha Reddy (Winner) Will the new economic measures take the Indian economy in right direction? -Laxmi Prasad Will the new economic measures take the Indian economy in right direction? -Megha Mukherjee Essay Topics: November - 2017 What is behind India's 30 step jump in ease of doing business- What does it means to Indians? -B.Dwarakanadha Reddy hat is behind India's 30 step jump in ease of doing business- What does it means to Indians? -Abhilash Kumar What is behind India's 30 step jump in ease of doing business- What does it means to Indians? -Anji Naik Mudavath (Winner) Can India can become Open Defecation free by 2019, if so how? -Akriti Singh Can India can become Open Defecation free by 2019, if so how? -Abhilash Kumar Can India can become Open Defecation free by 2019, if so how? -Muruga Nagaraj Can India can become Open Defecation free by 2019, if so how? -AkashKumar (Winner) Has demonetization and goods and service tax brought financial reform in the country? -B.V.Krishna Reddy (Winner) How much Ethics and Integrity play a role in the conduct of Public servants in India? -Atrayee Banerjee How much Ethics and Integrity play a role in the conduct of Public servants in India? -Jnandeep Bora How much Ethics and Integrity play a role in the conduct of Public servants in India? -Anupama Guha (Winner) Essay Topics: October - 2017

Should India accept Rohingya refugees -Aditi Subhash Dhale
Should India accept Rohingya refugees -Rohit Singh Raghuvanshi (Winner)
Should India accept Rohingya refugees -AnjiNaikMudavath
Should India accept Rohingya refugees -Akriti Singh
Should India accept Rohingya refugees -Wish rajput
Should India accept Rohingya refugees -Satarupa Mukherjee
Should India accept Rohingya refugees -Jyoti Solanki
India GDP growth rate slumps to 5.7 per cent - Comment -B.Dwarakandha Reddy
India GDP growth rate slumps to 5.7 per cent - Comment -Sebin Thomas (Winner)
Why agriculture is important to the country's economy ? -Atrayee Banerjee (Winner)

Essay Topics: September - 2017

Demonitazation - What were the gains and the loses. -NeerNandeha
Demonitazation - What were the gains and the loses. -Suman Singh
Demonitazation - What were the gains and the loses. -Akriti Singh
Demonitazation - What were the gains and the loses. -Susmita Sarkar (Winner)
Why people trust 'Godmen' in India ? -NeerNandeha (Winner)
Why people trust 'Godmen' in India ? -Anupama Guha
Religion divides Faith unites -Amish khan (Winner)

Essay Topics: August - 2017

Which is better; corrupt but secular political parties or corruption less but communal political parties- Comment. -Jnandeep Bora (Winner)
Which is better; corrupt but secular political parties or corruption less but communal political parties- Comment. -Akriti Singh
Which is better; corrupt but secular political parties or corruption less but communal political parties- Comment. -Shailendra Chauhan
How to save Indian from flood's furry and loss of life and property- Comment. -NEEL KAGATHARA
How to save Indian from flood's furry and loss of life and property- Comment. -Rishabh Srivastava (Winner)
How to save Indian from flood's furry and loss of life and property- Comment. -Krishna Prajna Rao
Reasons drugs problem among youth in Punjab and Telngana, suggest remedies- Comment. -R. Malavika

Essay Topics: July - 2017

What is happiness and what are the ways and means to achieve happiness -Shiv Parsad Gupta
What is happiness and what are the ways and means to achieve happiness -Jnandeep Bora (Winner)
What is happiness and what are the ways and means to achieve happiness -Akriti Singh
What is happiness and what are the ways and means to achieve happiness -Preksha Agarwal
What is happiness and what are the ways and means to achieve happiness -Satarupa Mukherjee
What is happiness and what are the ways and means to achieve happiness -Nilanjan Biswas
Government alone will benifit from the GST or traders and consumers also- Discuss -Abraham Johnson Anchaniyil (Winner)
Government alone will benifit from the GST or traders and consumers also- Discuss -Bharath Prasath
India- China border tension - Is it a sign of a war? -AnushaKolli
India- China border tension - Is it a sign of a war? -Krishna PrajnaRao
India- China border tension - Is it a sign of a war? -R. Malavika (Winner)

Essay Topics: June - 2017

What are the implications of Cattle trade legislation? -Rishabh Srivastava
What are the implications of Cattle trade legislation? -Deedhiti Das (Winner)
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? -AnushaKolli
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? -Niweditaranjan
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? -Neha P Asrani
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? -Rishabh Srivastava (Winner)
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? -R.Malavika
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? -Parvathy Chandrasekhar
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? -Adithya.S.Anand
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? -Anita Yesale
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? - Aayushi Shukla
How to tackle farmer's suicide issue? - Satarupa Mukherjee
China's One Belt One Road Policy- how it may harm India? -AkankshaSengupta
China's One Belt One Road Policy- how it may harm India? -R. Malavika
China's One Belt One Road Policy- how it may harm India? -Aayushi Shukla
China's One Belt One Road Policy- how it may harm India? -P.Galaxy Roy
China's One Belt One Road Policy- how it may harm India? -Bhavya Srivastava (Winner)
China's One Belt One Road Policy- how it may harm India? -Dibyendu Mondal

Essay Topics: May - 2017

Triple talaq - is doing away with it really going to empower Muslim women or is maintenance the bigger issue? -Sanyog Varshney
Triple talaq - is doing away with it really going to empower Muslim women or is maintenance the bigger issue? -Laxmi Prasad (Winner)
Triple talaq - is doing away with it really going to empower Muslim women or is maintenance the bigger issue? -Ayonija Tripathi
Triple talaq - is doing away with it really going to empower Muslim women or is maintenance the bigger issue? -Bharti Garg
Suggest improvements in our education system -Jnandeep Bora
Suggest improvements in our education system -Lipun Das
Suggest improvements in our education system -Mrinal Malakar
Suggest improvements in our education system -Dr B.R Prasad (Winner)
Suggest improvements in our education system -Abraham Johnson Anchaniyil
Suggest improvements in our education system -Monalisa Poali
Suggest improvements in our education system -Divya Prasad
Suggest improvements in our education system -Saurabh Sen
Suggest improvements in our education system -Neha P Asrani

Essay Topics: April - 2017

Religious Nationalism has established its supremacy in India after UP election-Agree or Disagree -Nitisha Bora
Religious Nationalism has established its supremacy in India after UP election-Agree or Disagree -Sanyog Varshney
Religious Nationalism has established its supremacy in India after UP election-Agree or Disagree -R. Malavika
Religious Nationalism has established its supremacy in India after UP election-Agree or Disagree -Sandeep Kumar
Religious Nationalism has established its supremacy in India after UP election-Agree or Disagree -A. Rama Sankar (Winner)
Relevance of Nehruvian Secularism in the country -Dilshad PT (Winner)
Relevance of Nehruvian Secularism in the country -Neha P Asrani
Necessity of censorship in the age of internet- Comment -Satarupa Mukherjee (Winner)
Necessity of censorship in the age of internet- Comment -G Saugat
Necessity of censorship in the age of internet- Comment -SaurabhSen
Necessity of censorship in the age of internet- Comment -Bhavya srivastava
Necessity of censorship in the age of internet- Comment -Bharti garg
How to check the decline of ethics and morality in our society and politics -Divya Prasad

Essay Topics: March - 2017

ISRO achievements are many, enumerate them in some detail -Sanyog Varshney (Winner)
ISRO achievements are many, enumerate them in some detail -Neha P Asrani
ISRO achievements are many, enumerate them in some detail -Dipti Sinha
View your Preferences -Social Media or Conventional Media -Linga siva.P
View your Preferences -Social Media or Conventional Media -Chelladurai.P
View your Preferences -Social Media or Conventional Media -Satarupa Mukherjee (Winner)
View your Preferences -Social Media or Conventional Media -Govarthanan K
View your Preferences -Social Media or Conventional Media -A. Rama Sankar

Essay Topics: February - 2017

Budget 2017 - How it will shape India's economy - Comment - P.ANNA LAKSHMI
Budget 2017 - How it will shape India's economy - Comment - Rohan Sengupta
Budget 2017 - How it will shape India's economy - Comment - Neha P Asrani
Budget 2017 - How it will shape India's economy - Comment - Nitisha Bora (Winner)
Jallikatu Protest in Chennai- In Retrospect and Prospects - Chelladurai. P
Jallikatu Protest in Chennai- In Retrospect and Prospects - Anusha Kolli (Winner)
Jallikatu Protest in Chennai- In Retrospect and Prospects - Sanyog varshney
Jallikatu Protest in Chennai- In Retrospect and Prospects - Lavanya sree
Jallikatu Protest in Chennai- In Retrospect and Prospects - BHARTI GARG
Jallikatu Protest in Chennai- In Retrospect and Prospects - TRISIDDHA NATH
Is Mahatma Gandhi still inspires today's youth - Namrata Rai
Is Mahatma Gandhi still inspires today's youth - SHUBHAM R BAJAJ (Winner)
Is Mahatma Gandhi still inspires today's youth - Satyasmita Pandey
Is Mahatma Gandhi still inspires today's youth - SARAVANA KUMAR S
Movie Padmavati Controversy - A case of Hurting the Sentiments VS Freedom of Expression - Sanyog varshney (Winner)

Essay Topics: January - 2017

After demonetization what next steps should be taken to clean up the system? - SAI JIJNASA ROY
After demonetization what next steps should be taken to clean up the system? - Aditya Kumar Rai
After demonetization what next steps should be taken to clean up the system? - Satyasmita Pandey (Winner)
After demonetization what next steps should be taken to clean up the system? -Neha P Asrani
merits and demerits of cashless economy - K.P. Nagasaritha
merit and demerit of cashless economy - Sanyog varshney
merit-and-Demerit-of-cashless-economy - Arkadyuti
merit-and-Demerit-of-cashless-economy - ABHISEKH SAHU (Winner)
merit-and-Demerit-of-cashless-economy - WAQAR MEHDI
merit-and-Demerit-of-cashless-economy - Mishkil.A.Gaikwad
merit-and-Demerit-of-cashless-economy -santosh kamble
merit-and-Demerit-of-cashless-economy -Nitisha Bora
Jayalalitha's legacies what it means to the country -Chelladurai.P (Winner)
has-independence-of-RBI-compromised-due-to-demonetization - Durai. P (Winner)

Essay Topics: December - 2016

Enumerate the political social and economic impact of demonetization on India - Ritesh Kumar
Enumerate the political social and economic impact of demonetization on India - Aman Tiwari
Enumerate the political social and economic impact of demonetization on India - Chella Palaniappan
Enumerate the political social and economic impact of demonetization on India - Drisha Sobhakar (Winner)
Enumerate the political social and economic impact of demonetization on India - Sanyog Varshney
Enumerate the political social and economic impact of demonetization on India -PRATIBHA LOHIYA
Enumerate the political social and economic impact of demonetization on India -JNANDEEP BORA.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - Chelladurai. P
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - SHREYA ANURAKTI
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - Karthik Goud
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - Mani Kant Jha
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - PARVIN MOR
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - Neha P Asrani
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - Sakshi Sharma
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - Ritwik Mehta
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - Ridhima Chhabra
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - Richa Padhi (Winner)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonetization policy - Anusha Kolli
Accident free trains or bullet trains in India - Discuss - Shailendra Chauhan
Accident free trains or bullet trains in India - Discuss - Bharti Garg (Winner)
Accident free trains or bullet trains in India - Discuss - Raghuram Bachu
Accident free trains or bullet trains in India - Discuss - Vindhya Vasini
What does the victory of Donald Trump in USA means to India - K.P. Nagasaritha
What does the victory of Donald Trump in USA means to India - Durai
What does the victory of Donald Trump in USA means to India - Montai Basu
What does the victory of Donald Trump in USA means to India - Satyasmita Pandey (Winner)
What does the victory of Donald Trump in USA means to India - Ritesh
What does the victory of Donald Trump in USA means to India - Akshay Kumar .P

Essay Topics: November - 2016

Among all the multilateral organizations of which India is member, which one serves India's interest more - Sanyog Varshney
Among all the multilateral organizations of which India is member, which one serves India's interest more - Anusha Kolli (Winner)
Will SAARC ever live to its ideal or it will remain a flogging horse - Caren Felicia (Winner)
Will SAARC ever live to its ideal or it will remain a flogging horse - Satarupa Mukherjee
Will SAARC ever live to its ideal or it will remain a flogging horse - Twinkle
Does BIMSTEC as multilateral organization has any future - Montai Basu
Does BIMSTEC as multilateral organization has any future - P.Likhitha (Winner)
Describe the relevance of BRICS and its future - Aditi Subhash Dhale
Describe the relevance of BRICS and its future - Mani Kant Jha
Describe the relevance of BRICS and its future - REKHA G
Describe the relevance of BRICS and its future - Gautam Govinda (Winner)

Essay Topics: October - 2016

Cauvery dispute and its solutions - R.Karthika
Cauvery dispute and its solutions - Rohit Singh Raghuvanshi
Cauvery dispute and its solutions - Suman Sourav Jena
Cauvery dispute and its solutions - K.P.Nagasaritha
Cauvery dispute and its solutions - Aswathi P
Cauvery dispute and its solutions - Mani Kant Jha (Winner)
Cauvery dispute and its solutions - Ch. Phaneendra
Cauvery dispute and its solutions - Neda Fatima
Cauvery dispute and its solutions - Ashima Mittal
Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan - K.P.Nagasaritha
Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan - Radhika Satheesan (Winner)
Religious Liberty and Women Rights - ABRAHAM JOHNSON ANCHANIYIL
Religious Liberty and Women Rights - Bharti Garg (Winner)
Religious Liberty and Women Rights - Siddharth Sharma
Religious Liberty and Women Rights - Vikrant Mahajan
Cooperative federalism in India - Aswathi P
Cooperative federalism in India - ANKUSH SHARMA
Cooperative federalism in India - Santosh Kamble (Winner)

Essay Topics: September - 2016

With greater power comes greater responsibility. - Neha Goyal
With greater power comes greater responsibility. - Mani Kant Jha
With greater power comes greater responsibility. - Twinkle (Winner)
With greater power comes greater responsibility. - Dipanjan Dutta
With greater power comes greater responsibility. - Suman Saurav Jena
With greater power comes greater responsibility. - ANKUSH SHARMA
With greater power comes greater responsibility. - K.P. Nagasaritha
With greater power comes greater responsibility. - Amit Sharma
With greater power comes greater responsibility. - Sumita Sharma
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - N Neethipathy
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - Santosh Kamble
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - Satarupa Mukherjee
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - Abhishek R Singh
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - ATHIRA.B.ANIL
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - DEBADRI SOM (Winner)
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - Harmandeep Kaur
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - JNANDEEP BORA
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - Rahul Mishra
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - Jayant Joshi
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? - Urvashi Chauhan
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? - RUTUJA D. RATHOD
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? - Neha P Asrani (Winner)
Words are Sharper than the two-edged sword - Vindhya Vasini
Words are Sharper than the two-edged sword - Aswathi P (Winner)
Words are Sharper than the two-edged sword - Neda Fatima

Essay Topics: August - 2016

Lending Hands to someone is better than giving a dole - Niharika Gogoi
Lending Hands to someone is better than giving a dole - Supraja Kannan
Lending Hands to someone is better than giving a dole - Ekta Misra
Lending Hands to someone is better than giving a dole - Caroline Christy.T
Lending Hands to someone is better than giving a dole - Neha P Asrani
Lending Hands to someone is better than giving a dole - Paramita Mazumdar
Lending Hands to someone is better than giving a dole - S.PRASATH (Winner)
Quick but steady wins the race. - MOHIT KUMAR
Quick but steady wins the race. - POOJA GUPTA (Winner)
Quick but steady wins the race. - D. Revanth Chandra
Quick but steady wins the race. - Twinkle
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. - ADITYA KUMAR RAI
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. - Satarupa Mukherjee
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. - Shailendra Chauhan
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. - Neda Fatima (Winner)
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. - Aditi Subhash Dhale
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. - Nithin V Rajan
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Abraham Johnson Anchaniyil
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - M.B.Suvarchala
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Robin Lambora
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - ATHIRA.B.ANIL
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Jayant Joshi
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Jnandeep Bora
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Swadha Tripathi
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Priyansh Verma
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Saranya P.S. (Winner)
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Raghuram Bachu
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Puja Kakati
Education without values, is useful or a complete waste. - Sukhomay Chatterjee

Essay Topics: July - 2016

Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - Satarupa Mukherjee (Winner)
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - Abhishek Kumar Ranjan
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - DEBADRI SOM
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - KUMAR GAURAV
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - Raghuram Raju Bachu
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - Swadha Tripathi
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - Robin Lambora
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - RAHUL UPADHYAY
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - Shailendra Chauhan
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - JNANDEEP BORA
Northeast needs special attention from rest of India, if so why? - G. Madhavi Ratnam
Maritime terror a major threat to India than land security - Discuss - SOYEL ROY (Winner)
Maritime terror a major threat to India than land security - Discuss - Kriti Bhatt
Are you in favour or against more nuclear plants to generate energy in India - Khushboo Monga (Winner)
Are you in favour or against more nuclear plants to generate energy in India - Sukhomay Chatterjee
Are you in favour or against more nuclear plants to generate energy in India - Aditya Kumar Rai

Essay Topics: June - 2016

Write short notes following agricultural schemes initiated by PM Modi's government -PUSHKAR DANGI
Write short notes following agricultural schemes initiated by PM Modi's government -Rudresh Bodwal (Winner)
Will this time monsoon bring cheer to the farmers, will it help in stopping their suicide? -Ashima Mittal
Will this time monsoon bring cheer to the farmers, will it help in stopping their suicide? -Rajesh Chalke (Winner)
What are the remedies to handle water scarcity and to avoid draught situation in the country? -Aparna Tiwari
What are the remedies to handle water scarcity and to avoid draught situation in the country? -Deep Chandra Chaurasiya
What are the remedies to handle water scarcity and to avoid draught situation in the country? -SRINIVAS VADADA
What are the remedies to handle water scarcity and to avoid draught situation in the country? -JNANDEEP BORA
What are the remedies to handle water scarcity and to avoid draught situation in the country? -Paramita Mazumder
What are the remedies to handle water scarcity and to avoid draught situation in the country? -Sukhomay Chatterjee
What are the remedies to handle water scarcity and to avoid draught situation in the country? -Suhasini Gupta (Winner)
Attack on African students, rape of foreigners, are such incidents denting India's image abroad- Comment -Aparajita Guria (Winner)
Attack on African students, rape of foreigners, are such incidents denting India's image abroad- Comment -SHASHI KANT
Attack on African students, rape of foreigners, are such incidents denting India's image abroad- Comment -Shailendra Chauhan

Essay Topics: May - 2016

Analyse Elections in Four states, will it impact national politics? -Aparna Tiwari (Winner)
List BRICKS achievements and failures and India's role in BRICS -DHEERAJ SINGH
List BRICKS achievements and failures and India's role in BRICS -Sanyog Varshney
List BRICKS achievements and failures and India's role in BRICS -SHREYA ANURAKTI (Winner)
List BRICKS achievements and failures and India's role in BRICS -Neda Fatima
Analyse different schemes started under PM Modi - Will they achieve the target? -ARUSHI AIRAN
Analyse different schemes started under PM Modi - Will they achieve the target? -Aayushi Shukla (Winner)
Analyse different schemes started under PM Modi - Will they achieve the target? -Saranya M
Bihar Liquor Ban - Is Prohibition the solution to kick the bottle? -POOJA GUPTA
Bihar Liquor Ban - Is Prohibition the solution to kick the bottle? -Abhishek Kumar Ranjan (Winner)
Bihar Liquor Ban - Is Prohibition the solution to kick the bottle? -Rudresh Bodwal
Bihar Liquor Ban - Is Prohibition the solution to kick the bottle? -Kriti Bhatt

Essay Topics: April - 2016

How digitisation is strengthening Indian democracy -Sai Deepthi
How digitisation is strengthening Indian democracy -Dipti Sinha (Winner)
How digitisation is strengthening Indian democracy - G KEERTHI PRIYA
100 percent FDI in E commerce - what it means to retail business? -Siva Gopal Reddy (Winner)
100 percent FDI in E commerce - what it means to retail business? -Rudresh Bodwal
100 percent FDI in E commerce - what it means to retail business? -Mrinal Malakar
Which to prefer Freedom of expression or Nationalism & Why -DHEERAJ SINGH
Which to prefer Freedom of expression or Nationalism & Why -Poulami Banerjee
Which to prefer Freedom of expression or Nationalism & Why -Aparna Tiwari
Which to prefer Freedom of expression or Nationalism & Why -GUPTA POOJA NANDLAL SAVITRI
Which to prefer Freedom of expression or Nationalism & Why -S.PRASATH
Which to prefer Freedom of expression or Nationalism & Why -JNANDEEP BORA
Which to prefer Freedom of expression or Nationalism & Why -Neda Fatima (Winner)
Which to prefer Freedom of expression or Nationalism & Why -Nikita Thatai
Which to prefer Freedom of expression or Nationalism & Why -GURUPRAKASH
Which is bigger evil - Corporate corruption or Civil Corruption -RITWIK MEHTA
Which is bigger evil - Corporate corruption or Civil Corruption -Raj Bharath
Which is bigger evil - Corporate corruption or Civil Corruption -G GIRIJA PRIYA (Winner)

Essay Topics: March - 2016

Discuss the Pros and Cons of the Union Budget 2016 -DHEERAJ SINGH
Discuss the Pros and Cons of the Union Budget 2016 -JNANDEEP BORA (Winner)
Discuss the Pros and Cons of the Union Budget 2016 -Aparna Tiwari
Discuss the Pros and Cons of the Union Budget 2016 -GUPTA POOJA NANDLAL
JNU Row has opened up the debate on freedom of expression verses nationalism-Comment -Abhishek Kumar Ranjan
JNU Row has opened up the debate on freedom of expression verses nationalism-Comment -Neda Fatima (Winner)
JNU Row has opened up the debate on freedom of expression verses nationalism-Comment -Jayasri Selvakumar
JNU Row has opened up the debate on freedom of expression verses nationalism-Comment -ABHINAB BORUAH
JNU Row has opened up the debate on freedom of expression verses nationalism-Comment -KUMARI PRIYA RANI
JNU Row has opened up the debate on freedom of expression verses nationalism-Comment -Ankush Yadav
JNU Row has opened up the debate on freedom of expression verses nationalism-Comment -SOMA SARKAR

Essay Topics: February - 2016

After 67 years of Republic, what India has achieved and yet to achieve-Enumerate -Rahul Upadhyay
After 67 years of Republic, what India has achieved and yet to achieve-Enumerate -Paramita Mazumdar (Winner)
After 67 years of Republic, what India has achieved and yet to achieve-Enumerate -S.Durgadevi
After 67 years of Republic, what India has achieved and yet to achieve-Enumerate -Debtanu Roy
Youth Suicide case has stirred Dalit politics in University campus-Comment -Bharti Garg (Winner)
Youth Suicide case has stirred Dalit politics in University campus-Comment -Poulami Banerjee
Further Opening up Indian Economy Will Be Beneficial or Detrimental Give Opinion -Payal Mittal (Winner)
Suggest measures to make Ganga Action plan successful -NEHA SONI (Winner)

Essay Topics: January- 2016

A transformational India needs to overhaul its education system- Comment - Prashant Kumar Shekhar
A transformational India needs to overhaul its education system- Comment - Twinkle Singh
A transformational India needs to overhaul its education system- Comment - Payal Mittal
A transformational India needs to overhaul its education system- Comment - Swaswati Goswami
A transformational India needs to overhaul its education system- Comment - Rubbayya. K Mohammed (Winner)
India Pakistan peace process, hype or realism - C Sunil Kumar (Winner)
India Pakistan peace process, hype or realism - Abhinab Boruah
India Pakistan peace process, hype or realism - Rahul Upadhyay
Make in India- vs Incredible India - Compare -Harika Kuncha (Winner)
Make in India- vs Incredible India - Compare -Abhishek Kumar Ranjan
Make in India- vs Incredible India - Compare -Puja Rani
Make in India- vs Incredible India - Compare -Sanyog varshney
Make in India- vs Incredible India - Compare -Ayush Garg
Make in India- vs Incredible India - Compare -Keshav Raghav
Make in India- vs Incredible India - Compare -Irishna Solanki
Soaring pollution, crippling floods, India's environment in a fix - comment -S.Durgadevi
Soaring pollution, crippling floods, India's environment in a fix - comment -Merin Selvi Nelson (Winner)

Essay Topics: December- 2015

Achievements and Failures of Climate Change Conference at Paris -A Mahesh
Achievements and Failures of Climate Change Conference at Paris -Dipanjan Dutta (Winner)
Reasons for Chennai rains and future preparedness -Payal Mittal (Winner)
Reasons for Chennai rains and future preparedness -Ranjith kumar
Reasons for Chennai rains and future preparedness -S.Durgadevi
Amir Khan and Intolerance Debate in India -Nikita Vij
Amir Khan and Intolerance Debate in India -Shivraj Shahaji Dongare
Amir Khan and Intolerance Debate in India -Neha Pal (Winner)
Beef Politics – Cheap Protein Verses Religious Sentiments. -Soma Sarkar
Beef Politics – Cheap Protein Verses Religious Sentiments. -Shailesh Shinde
Beef Politics – Cheap Protein Verses Religious Sentiments. -Sri Harshith Rajam (Winner)

Essay Topics: November- 2015

Essay topics: november- 2015 (last date: november 30).

Carbohydrates vs Proteins, Discuss -Dhara Vaghela (Winner)
Carbohydrates vs Proteins, Discuss -Ranjith kumar
With 2G and 3G, now India is Heading towards 4G, Discuss Pros and Cons. -Abhishek Dhiman (Winner)
With 2G and 3G, now India is Heading towards 4G, Discuss Pros and Cons. -Rudresh Bodwal
Caste System in India, Discuss -Abhishek Kumar
Caste System in India, Discuss -Vaishnavi-Arora
Caste System in India, Discuss -Manjinder Singh (Winner)
Being Vegetarian or Non-Vegetarian, Comment. -Shivraj Shahaji Dongare (Winner)
Being Vegetarian or Non-Vegetarian, Comment. -Abraham Johnson Anchaniyil

Essay Topics: October- 2015

Pubs and Discos, are they any good for the youth? Comment
Coaching Classes, should be allowed only in school premises? Discuss
Digital India or Green India, Discuss
Organ Donation, are we doing enough to spread enough awareness? Comment
Pubs and Discos, are they any good for the youth? Comment -AAKANKSHA SEKHON (Winner)
Pubs and Discos, are they any good for the youth? Comment -Sachin Godbole
Pubs and Discos, are they any good for the youth? Comment -HIMANSHU YADAV
Pubs and Discos, are they any good for the youth? Comment -Pooja Gupta
Pubs and Discos, are they any good for the youth? Comment -Meghna Nimbekar
Pubs and Discos, are they any good for the youth? Comment -Lalit Kishore
Coaching Classes, should be allowed only in school premises? Discuss -Jnandeep Bora (Winner)
Coaching Classes, should be allowed only in school premises? Discuss -Neha Pal
Coaching Classes, should be allowed only in school premises? Discuss -Rajwinder Kaur
Coaching Classes, should be allowed only in school premises? Discuss -Deepika Phutela
Coaching Classes, should be allowed only in school premises? Discuss -Shivraj Shahaji Dongare
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -Payal Mittal
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -M.Divyabharathi
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -Rudresh Bodwal
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -Supriya Saraswat
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -Vimi Mihu
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -Vishnu Mohan
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -Ms. Chaichi Devi
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -K.Charan Kumar
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -Navneet Kumar
Digital India or Green India, Discuss -Nithin Rajan (Winner)
Organ Donation, are we doing enough to spread enough awareness? Comment -D. Rajesh
Organ Donation, are we doing enough to spread enough awareness? Comment -Nishant Kumar
Organ Donation, are we doing enough to spread enough awareness? Comment -Santosh Prakash
Organ Donation, are we doing enough to spread enough awareness? Comment -Subhaashree.S (Winner)

Essay Topics: September - 2015

Role of Sensex with respect to Food Inflation, Discuss
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age?
Should the Government's New Schemes be named in Hindi Only?
Allopathy Vs Homeopathy, Discuss
Role of Sensex with respect to Food Inflation, Discuss -Raviraj Ghanvat
Role of Sensex with respect to Food Inflation, Discuss -Dwarakanadha Reddy
Role of Sensex with respect to Food Inflation, Discuss -Nikhil
Role of Sensex with respect to Food Inflation, Discuss -S. HarshaVarthan (Winner)
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Bharat
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Hiral D. Myatra
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Jnandeep Bora
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Aditya Parameswaran
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Suchita Marathe
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Sayantika Banerjee (Winner)
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Vimi Mihu
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Bipasha Malakar
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Pari Acharya
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Sneha G Bhat
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Sudhanshu Bhandari
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Soumi Das
Pocket Money, Should Parents develop this habit at the tender age? -Tanumoy Mondal
Should the Government's New Schemes be named in Hindi Only? -Narasimharao Pulibandla
Should the Government's New Schemes be named in Hindi Only? -Durgesh Vijay Bhende
Should the Government's New Schemes be named in Hindi Only? -Sachin Yadav
Should the Government's New Schemes be named in Hindi Only? -Shiva Gupta
Should the Government's New Schemes be named in Hindi Only? -Vijayavani. C
Should the Government's New Schemes be named in Hindi Only? -Suman Kumar
Should the Government's New Schemes be named in Hindi Only? -Kartik Patel (Winner)
Allopathy Vs Homeopathy, Discuss -Padma Bandaru
Allopathy Vs Homeopathy, Discuss -Santosh Prakash (Winner)
Allopathy Vs Homeopathy, Discuss -Shrija Kumari
Allopathy Vs Homeopathy, Discuss -Jayapriya

Essay Topics: August - 2015

Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -Dimple Pal
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -Sameera Salim
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -Durgesh Vijay Bhende
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -Aneesha Resham
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -S.Jayasri
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -Gunjan Chandel
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -Santosh P. Rav (Winner)
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -Rouf Raza Dar
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -S. Harsha Varthan
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -Lalit Kishore
Indian Judicial System, can the poor expect fair Judgement? -Babita Palta
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Bhanu Pratap
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Akshay Modi
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Sanya Dhoundiyal
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Anuj Mehta
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Divya Aggarwal
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Sachin Yadav
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Shrija Kumari
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Vasundhra Sen Jaswal (Winner)
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Yogitha Sankla
Impact of the Internet on our Daily Life, Pros and Cons. -Ankush Sharma
Biographical Films being made on popular personalities including victims, comment. - Suhrudwamsi Musunuri
Biographical Films being made on popular personalities including victims, comment. - Amit Adhikari
Biographical Films being made on popular personalities including victims, comment. - Jaideep Singh (Winner)
Moral and Ethics in everyday life. - Abraham Johnson Anchaniyil
Morals and Ethics in Everyday Life. - Sree Kavya Vallabhaneni
Morals and Ethics in Everyday Life. - Rajashree Ravindra Bhirud
Morals and Ethics in Everyday Life. -Raghuram Raju Bachu
Morals and Ethics in Everyday Life. -Nitin Thakur (Winner)
Morals and Ethics in Everyday Life. -Syed Abbas

Essay Topics: July - 2015 (last date: July 31)

G7 Summit 2015, India's Role -Sanyog Varshney
G7 Summit 2015, India's Role -Ajeet Singh
G7 Summit 2015, India's Role -Rouf Raza Dar (Winner)
G7 Summit 2015, India's Role -Santosh Prakash
Trial by Media, Is it fair? -Sanyog Varshney
Trial by Media, Is it fair? -Manasi Gupta
Trial by Media, Is it fair? -Bhishm Khanna (Winner)
Trial by Media, Is it fair? -Javid Hassan
Trial by Media, Is it fair? -Ruqeya Afshan
Trial by Media, Is it fair? -Akash Kumar
Trial by Media, Is it fair? -Suhrudwamsi Musunuri
Trial by Media, Is it fair? -Abhilasha Singh
The School Bag gets heavier, are we planting the seeds to a stressful society? -Arushi Arora
The School Bag gets heavier, are we planting the seeds to a stressful society? -Bhabesh Kumar choudhury
The School Bag gets heavier, are we planting the seeds to a stressful society? -Reeva Mishra
The School Bag gets heavier, are we planting the seeds to a stressful society? -Babita Palta
The School Bag gets heavier, are we planting the seeds to a stressful society? -Akash Banerjee
The School Bag gets heavier, are we planting the seeds to a stressful society? -Kartik Patel
The School Bag gets heavier, are we planting the seeds to a stressful society? -Nikita Rathi (Winner)
The School Bag gets heavier, are we planting the seeds to a stressful society? -Saikrishna Repalli
The School Bag gets heavier, are we planting the seeds to a stressful society? -Nitin Thakur
RBI's Strategic Debt Restructuring Scheme (SDR), Discuss -Monali Mishra
RBI's Strategic Debt Restructuring Scheme (SDR), Discuss -Laxmi Prasad (Winner)

Essay Topics: June - 2015

Role of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Discuss. -S. Paul
Role of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Discuss. -Rishi Ranjan Singh
Role of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Discuss. -K.Yuvasri
Role of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Discuss. -Sanyog Vashney
Role of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Discuss. -Tanumoy Mondal
Role of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Discuss. -Monali Mishra
Role of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Discuss. -Amresh Chandra Jena
Role of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Discuss. -Lokesh P (Winner)
Minimum Alternate Tax(MAT) Issue on Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), Comment. -Payal Mittal (Winner)
Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS), Discuss. -Laxmi Prasad
Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS), Discuss. -Mallika Verma
Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS), Discuss. -Ruqeya Afshan
Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS), Discuss. -Akarsh Misra
Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS), Discuss. -Kumar B (Winner)
Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS), Discuss. -Prateek Kumar
Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS), Discuss. -Ashish Anand
Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS), Discuss. -Ekta Awasthi
Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS), Discuss. -Babita Palta
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Roshni Rajpal
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Sai Jigyasa Roy
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Rouf Raza Dar
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -K.B.D.Sridevi
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Anirudh Jangu
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Javid Hassan
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Priyashree Srikanth
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Ayushi Srivastava
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Rajendraprasad Medepalli
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Praveen Joshi
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Kamran
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Imrana Ataur Rahman
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Atishay Jain (Winner)
Is the youth of India swayed by the use of social media in politics. -Arushi Arora

Essay Topics: May - 2015

Government's 100,000 - MV Solar Energy Plan, Discuss -Javid Hassan
Government's 100,000 - MV Solar Energy Plan, Discuss -Shweta Iyer
Government's 100,000 - MV Solar Energy Plan, Discuss -Abhishek Kumar (Winner)
Government's 100,000 - MV Solar Energy Plan, Discuss -Prasanth Ganivada
China's refusal to aid Nepal due to Indian Military Presence in Nepal, is it justified? -Prasad Bagauli
China's refusal to aid Nepal due to Indian Military Presence in Nepal, is it justified? -Tanumoy Mondal (Winner)
Global E-Waste Monitor Report -C.Siva Gopal Reddy
Global E-Waste Monitor Report -K.Yuvasri
Global E-Waste Monitor Report -Smriti Pranjal
Global E-Waste Monitor Report -Rajendraprasad Medepalli (Winner)

Essay Topics: April - 2015

Water Crisis and the Monsoon Factor in India, Discuss the necessary measures. -Harsh Bhardwaj
Water Crisis and the Monsoon Factor in India, Discuss the necessary measures. -Kaushik Sen
Water Crisis and the Monsoon Factor in India, Discuss the necessary measures. -Javid Hassan
Water Crisis and the Monsoon Factor in India, Discuss the necessary measures. -Mohammad Uzair (Winner)
Water Crisis and the Monsoon Factor in India, Discuss the necessary measures. -Jnandeep Bora
Water Crisis and the Monsoon Factor in India, Discuss the necessary measures. -Sumisha Sharma
Agricultural Techniques in India and the condition of farmers, Comment. -Snehal Adekar
Agricultural Techniques in India and the condition of farmers, Comment. -R. Suresh Verma
Agricultural Techniques in India and the condition of farmers, Comment. -Vaishnavi Retharekar (Winner)
Agricultural Techniques in India and the condition of farmers, Comment. -Gautam Kumar Jha
Agricultural Techniques in India and the condition of farmers, Comment. -Nishant Gaurav
Agricultural Techniques in India and the condition of farmers, Comment. -R. Gokulnath
Agricultural Techniques in India and the condition of farmers, Comment. -Abhisekh Sahu
Land Acquisition Bill: Discuss the Pros and Cons. -Bunny P
Land Acquisition Bill: Discuss the Pros and Cons. -Ruha Latif Ruha
Land Acquisition Bill: Discuss the Pros and Cons. -Rajendraprasad Medepalli
Land Acquisition Bill: Discuss the Pros and Cons. -Aditya Narayan Srivastav
Land Acquisition Bill: Discuss the Pros and Cons. -Sreelakshmi.K
Land Acquisition Bill: Discuss the Pros and Cons. -Tanumoy Mondal
Land Acquisition Bill: Discuss the Pros and Cons. -Rachana Gupta (Winner)

Essay Topics: March - 2015

Kasturirangan Panel Report on Western Ghats , Discuss -Arushi Agarwal
Kasturirangan Panel Report on Western Ghats , Discuss -Vinay Mawandia
Kasturirangan Panel Report on Western Ghats , Discuss -Sumit Kumar Kawde
Kasturirangan Panel Report on Western Ghats , Discuss -Pallabi Chakraborty
Kasturirangan Panel Report on Western Ghats , Discuss -Arun Kumar Nayak
Kasturirangan Panel Report on Western Ghats , Discuss -Ashish Rawat
Kasturirangan Panel Report on Western Ghats , Discuss -Abhisekh Sahu (Winner)
Kasturirangan Panel Report on Western Ghats , Discuss -Santosh Kamble
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -G.V.D.S Krishna Sai
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Rajendraprasad Medepalli
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Aakanksha Sekhon
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Zenith Sahai
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Padma Bandaru
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Kumari Priya Rani
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Rahul Kumar
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Sukhlal Rana
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Anwesha Banerjee
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Piyush Malviya (Winner)
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -Harsh Bhardwaj
India and USA Relationship on Smart Cities, Comment -M S R Prasanth
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Purnima Surve
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Prakash Kumar
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Prachi Gandhi
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Rashi Rana Gusain
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Pranati Reddy
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Suman Kumar (Winner)
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Safiyah Zuhra
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Ruby Chaudhary
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Vijayalakshmi YC
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Tanumoy Mondal
H1N1 Virus / Swine Flu - Discuss -Deepak Soni

Essay Topics: February - 2015

Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Alice
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Priyanka Singh
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Sourabh Vyas
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Zenith Sahai (Winner)
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Payal Mittal
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Rahul Jha
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -P.Linga Siva
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Vipul Kumar Pathak
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Abhisekh Sahu
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Deepika Prajapati
Why should a Public Servant not be Corrupt? -Fatima Ashraf
ICC Cricket World Cup 2015, Comment -G.V.D.S Krishna Sai
ICC Cricket World Cup 2015, Comment -Abhishek Kapoor
ICC Cricket World Cup 2015, Comment -Hemit Mazny
ICC Cricket World Cup 2015, Comment -Padma Bandaru (Winner)
ICC Cricket World Cup 2015, Comment -Anuj Mehta
Indian Awards System, like Padma Award and Bharat Ratna Award. Discuss -Meena TS
Indian Awards System, like Padma Award and Bharat Ratna Award. Discuss -Dwarkanadha Reddy
Indian Awards System, like Padma Award and Bharat Ratna Award. Discuss -Pallabi Chakraborthy
Indian Awards System, like Padma Award and Bharat Ratna Award. Discuss -Anne Phani Teja (Winner)

Essay Topics: January - 2015

Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Yaksh Kumar
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Dipankar Choudhury
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Neha Kapila
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Akanksha Taneja
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Nishant Kumar
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Gopika Jayan (Winner)
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Prafull Bajpai
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Pallabi Chakraborty
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Sohini Majumder
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Saniya Bordawekar
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Mani Kant Jha
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Rajendraprasad Medepalli
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Abhishek Gautam
Social Networking Site: Its Advantages and Disadvantages -Harshavardhan Ranshevre
Atal Bihari Vajpayee's Birthday celebrated as Good Governance Day, comment? -Vikas Aswal
Atal Bihari Vajpayee's Birthday celebrated as Good Governance Day, comment? -Aditya Narayan Srivastav
Atal Bihari Vajpayee's Birthday celebrated as Good Governance Day, comment? -Manas Panda (Winner)
Mahendra Singh Dhoni, retirement from Test Cricket - it is too early. -Shivraj Shahaji Dongare
Mahendra Singh Dhoni, retirement from Test Cricket - it is too early. -Jnandeep Bora
Mahendra Singh Dhoni, retirement from Test Cricket - it is too early. -Rattandeep Kaur (Winner)
Politicians granted Bail even after conviction - does it leave a good impact? -Pranjal Singh (Winner)
Politicians granted Bail even after conviction - does it leave a good impact? -Bharti Singh
Politicians granted Bail even after conviction - does it leave a good impact? -Vashu Gandharv

Essay Topics: December - 2014

Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -K.Sai Naveen
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Karthiayani Sugunan Nair
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Pallabi Chakraborty (Winner)
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Shivangi Singh
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Payal Tyagi
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Bhagya Lakshmi Vijayan
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Yuttika Singh
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Jnandeep Bora
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Pranita Agrawal
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Sanjana.F
Is Molestation at Public places becoming a Daily Routine? Discuss. -Abhiram Viswanadha
Professional League Tournaments for budding players, boon or curse. -Ayan Dey
Professional League Tournaments for budding players, boon or curse. -Arjun. Sanghvi
Professional League Tournaments for budding players, boon or curse. -Divyah Shruthi (Winner)
Professional League Tournaments for budding players, boon or curse. -Nabil CK
Once again the age limit is scheduled to be reduced? Is it hampering students to plan well? -Anurag Mishra
Once again the age limit is scheduled to be reduced? Is it hampering students to plan well? -Radhee Krishna (Winner)
Once again the age limit is scheduled to be reduced? Is it hampering students to plan well? -Shruthee Srinivasan

Essay Topics: November - 2014

To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -Kashish Verma
To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -Mani Kant Jha
To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -Rahul Bajpayi
To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -Rohit Ghosh
To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -Sumit Kumar Kawde
To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -S. Paul
To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -Jhilik Chakraborty
To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -Kumari Priya Rani
To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -Olivia.S (Winner)
To Keep Ganga Clean the puja's should not be performed on the bank of the river, do you agree? -Sarwez Alam Kahan
Natural Disasters , the govt. should be ready with the relief operations rather than declaring relief funds - Discuss -Ayan Dey
Natural Disasters , the govt. should be ready with the relief operations rather than declaring relief funds - Discuss -Ramniwas Devaji
Natural Disasters , the govt. should be ready with the relief operations rather than declaring relief funds - Discuss -Vinod Kumar Singh
Natural Disasters , the govt. should be ready with the relief operations rather than declaring relief funds - Discuss -Anurag Mishra
Natural Disasters , the govt. should be ready with the relief operations rather than declaring relief funds - Discuss -Jnandeep Bora (Winner)
Natural Disasters , the govt. should be ready with the relief operations rather than declaring relief funds - Discuss -Manoj Yadav
Bringing back Black Money to India will increase the Indian Revenue, but should the names be revealed? -Dharmjeet Singh (Winner)
Bringing back Black Money to India will increase the Indian Revenue, but should the names be revealed? -Yuttika Singh
Setting up a new commission for Netaji Disappearance Mystery, will it bear positive results? -Sanjana.Fernandes
Setting up a new commission for Netaji Disappearance Mystery, will it bear positive results? -B.Dwarakanadha Reddy. (Winner)
Setting up a new commission for Netaji Disappearance Mystery, will it bear positive results? -Priyanka Singh

Essay Topics: October - 2014

Does the civil service exam need to change? -Chani Pagadala
Does the civil service exam need to change? -Vishal Yadav
Does the civil service exam need to change? -K Parameswaran (Winner)
India's Mission to Mars - Will it lead to a heightened scientific temper of Indians. -Himanshu Dhumash
India's Mission to Mars - Will it lead to a heightened scientific temper of Indians. -Abhinav Akash (Winner)
India's Mission to Mars - Will it lead to a heightened scientific temper of Indians. -Anwesha Bandopadhyay
India's Mission to Mars - Will it lead to a heightened scientific temper of Indians. -Priyanka singh
The future of the Internet. -C.P Sabari (Winner)
The future of the Internet. -Abhishek Raghuwanshi
The future of the Internet. -Mohit Prakash
The future of the Internet. -Payal Tyagi
The future of the Internet. -Samidha Banka
The future of the Internet. -Rajat Agarwal
The future of the Internet. -Bindhu Baby
The future of the Internet. -V. Preetham
The future of the Internet. -Pinkypta Khuntia
The future of the Internet. -Debarati Das Gupta
The future of the Internet. -Sanjana.Fernandes
Sports in India and the Asian Games. -Payal Mittal
Sports in India and the Asian Games. -Blossom B. Sahoo (Winner)
Sports in India and the Asian Games. -Mahesh.K.Ram
Sports in India and the Asian Games. -Merin Selvi Nelson
Sports in India and the Asian Games. -Ankit Chakraborty
Sports in India and the Asian Games. -Anuj Mehta

Essay Topics: September - 2014

Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Vaibhav Mahadevan
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Anil Kumar Yadav
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Rishi Tandon
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Deepak Rathee
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Venkatesh Reddy
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Suma Mandalapu
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Ruchika Chaudhary (Winner)
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Manoj Kumar
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Nilaya Mitash Shanker
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Abhishek Gautam
Scrapping of the Planning Commission- Discuss. -Himanshu Dhumash
Renaming of Teachers Day on Guru Utsav will it change anything? -Vaishali S (Winner)
Renaming of Teachers Day on Guru Utsav will it change anything? -Vaibhav Mahadevan
Renaming of Teachers Day on Guru Utsav will it change anything? -Rohan Srinivas
Renaming of Teachers Day on Guru Utsav will it change anything? -Bindhu Baby
Renaming of Teachers Day on Guru Utsav will it change anything? -Sumith Velayudhan
Does the human race need to slow down? -Anita Gautam
Does the human race need to slow down? -Abhinav Palia
Does the human race need to slow down? -A.Raja Rajeswari
Does the human race need to slow down? -Karan Gautam
Does the human race need to slow down? -Srinivas (Winner)
Does the human race need to slow down? -Prem Kumar
Does the human race need to slow down? -N Neethipathy

Essay Topics: August - 2014

With a growing elder population should the retirement age be made 62 years. -Anubhav Chatterjee
With a growing elder population should the retirement age be made 62 years. -Jiya Jain (Winner)
With a growing elder population should the retirement age be made 62 years. -Pallavi.Prashant.Deshmukh
With a growing elder population should the retirement age be made 62 years. -Suman Kumar
Increasing the attempts and the age limit--------is it producing better talent for the bureaucracy? -Chandni Singh
Increasing the attempts and the age limit--------is it producing better talent for the bureaucracy? -Jashanpreet Singh
Increasing the attempts and the age limit--------is it producing better talent for the bureaucracy? -Rushikesh Reddy (Winner)
India & its neighbors -Surendra Pal Singh (Winner)
India & its neighbors -Manthan Sharma
India & its neighbors -Shobitha
India & its neighbors -Tatsat Mishra

Essay Topics: July - 2014

Do backward people still need reservation? -Rishi Tandon
Do backward people still need reservation? -Anurag Sharma (Winner)
Do backward people still need reservation? -Rohit
Do backward people still need reservation? -Sai Jijnasa Roy
Are marriages becoming obsolete in the new world order? -Manpreet
Are marriages becoming obsolete in the new world order? -Pooja Gupta (Winner)
Are marriages becoming obsolete in the new world order? -A.R.Rajeswari
India and its neighbours current govt policies and efforts. -Vaibhav Mahadevan (Winner)
India and its neighbours current govt policies and efforts. -Sanyog Varshney
Hindi as the National language- advantages and disadvantages. -Nidhi Lata (Winner)
Hindi as the National language- advantages and disadvantages. -M. Nagaraj
Hindi as the National language- advantages and disadvantages. -Shashaank Singh
Hindi as the National language- advantages and disadvantages. -Vaibhav Mahadevan

Essay Topics: June - 2014

Article 370, what should be the government's approach to it? -Ashish Anand
Article 370, what should be the government's approach to it? -Sk.Amer Arafath (Winner)
Article 370, what should be the government's approach to it? -Tapasya Ghosh
India and the SAARC nations, the roadmap ahead. -Vijay Singh (Winner)
Is the Politics of Coalitions over? -Arani Ray
Is the Politics of Coalitions over? -Rajesh Gangadhar
Is the Politics of Coalitions over? -Jnandeep Bora
Is the Politics of Coalitions over? -Anwesha Bandopadhyay (Winner)
Is the Politics of Coalitions over? -Anurag Sharma
Is the Politics of Coalitions over? -Animesh Kumar
In these times of globalization, is National Identity and Patriotism important? -Sai Jijnasa Roy
In these times of globalization, is National Identity and Patriotism important? -Zeba Zoariah Ahsan (Winner)
In these times of globalization, is National Identity and Patriotism important? -Anwesha Bandopadhyay
In these times of globalization, is National Identity and Patriotism important? -Manpreet kaur sandhu

Essay Topics: May - 2014

Should the marital status/affairs of a Politician be open to public debate? -Sumedha Bhattacharjee
Should the marital status/affairs of a Politician be open to public debate? - Yuttika Singh
Should the marital status/affairs of a Politician be open to public debate? - Pooja Gupta
Should the marital status/affairs of a Politician be open to public debate? - Rahul Bajpayi
Should the marital status/affairs of a Politician be open to public debate? - Manpreet Kaur sandhu
Should the marital status/affairs of a Politician be open to public debate? - K.B.D.Sridevi (Winner)
Is getting rich looked down upon in India publicly while being coveted secretly? -Anand Joy
Is getting rich looked down upon in India publicly while being coveted secretly? -Jnandeep Bora
The elnino effect and agriculture in India. -Kushant Kumar
The elnino effect and agriculture in India. -Reema Singh
The elnino effect and agriculture in India. -Kajal Gurnani
The elnino effect and agriculture in India. -Tapasya Ghosh
The elnino effect and agriculture in India. -Pranav Mayekar (Winner)
The elnino effect and agriculture in India. -Manish Bhojwani (Winner)
Is college education in India not world class? -Satwik Patnaik
Is college education in India not world class? -P.Indrani
Is college education in India not world class? -Somi Jha
Is college education in India not world class? -Jayraj Singh
Is college education in India not world class? -Bharanidhar.T.S
Is college education in India not world class? -Akash Agarwal
Is college education in India not world class? -Harshavardhan (Winner)

Essay Topics: April - 2014

What are the unique features of electioneering in India? -Manish Bhojwani (Winner)
Indian Agrarian economy is in shambles, what are its fault lines. -Himanshu Dhumash (Winner)
Indian Agrarian economy is in shambles, what are its fault lines. -Arijit Goswami
Discuss the pros and cons of India's stand on human rights issue in Srilanka. -Harshavardhan B J (Winner)

Essay Topics: March - 2014

What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Rajeev Ranjan
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Rohit Kushwaha
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Ujwala Nathu Bhoi
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Pooja Gupta
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Ashutosh Kumar
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Rashmi Chaudhary
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Sanjeev Kumar
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Palak Goel (Winner)
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Govind Prakash
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Kanagaraj Raj
What sense does freeing Rajiv Gandhi's killers make to the common Indian? -Anwesha Bandopadhyay
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Himanshu Yadav
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Himanshu Dhumashv
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Harpreet Arora
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Rohan Sengupta
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Suman Kumar
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Vipin Mishra
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Mayil ravanan V
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Raghuram R Bachu
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Anwesha Bandopadhyay (Winner)
Prospects of non BJP, non Congress parties alliance in 2014 General election -Jnandeep Bora
With growing numbers of Crorepati MPs, can poor Indians contest Lok Sabha Election. -Rohan Bhowmik
With growing numbers of Crorepati MPs, can poor Indians contest Lok Sabha Election. -B.Dwarakanadha Reddy (Winner)
With growing numbers of Crorepati MPs, can poor Indians contest Lok Sabha Election. -Tejpal Singh Ratnu
With growing numbers of Crorepati MPs, can poor Indians contest Lok Sabha Election. -Himanshu Dhumash
With growing numbers of Crorepati MPs, can poor Indians contest Lok Sabha Election. -Ayush Bhatia
With growing numbers of Crorepati MPs, can poor Indians contest Lok Sabha Election. -Jashan Singh Sahib
With growing numbers of Crorepati MPs, can poor Indians contest Lok Sabha Election. -Ayush Jaiswal
With growing numbers of Crorepati MPs, can poor Indians contest Lok Sabha Election. -Rishi Tandon
With growing numbers of Crorepati MPs, can poor Indians contest Lok Sabha Election. -Sanjeev kumar sharma
India's stand at the WTO on patents and Intellectual Property Rights. -Anuradha.M.
India's stand at the WTO on patents and Intellectual Property Rights. -Ajeet Singh
India's stand at the WTO on patents and Intellectual Property Rights. -Alwyn Sebastian
India's stand at the WTO on patents and Intellectual Property Rights. -Rajat Luthra
India's stand at the WTO on patents and Intellectual Property Rights. -Shyama Bharati (Winner)

Essay Topics: February - 2014

What are the real issues confronting India in the run up to the general election 2014. -Dwarakanadha Reddy
What are the real issues confronting India in the run up to the general election 2014. -Sumit Bhola
What are the real issues confronting India in the run up to the general election 2014. -Manpreet Kaur
What are the real issues confronting India in the run up to the general election 2014. -Adithya Bharadwaj
What are the real issues confronting India in the run up to the general election 2014. -Shruthee Srinivasan (Winner)
What are the real issues confronting India in the run up to the general election 2014. -Ajeet Singh
What are the real issues confronting India in the run up to the general election 2014. -Rajesh Ravindra Chalke
What are the real issues confronting India in the run up to the general election 2014. -Prashant Mishra
What is the proper path for the Central government to take on the Telangana Issue. -Manish Bhojwani
What is the proper path for the Central government to take on the Telangana Issue. -Dwarakanadha Reddy Bayana
What is the proper path for the Central government to take on the Telangana Issue. -Raghuram R Bachu
What is the proper path for the Central government to take on the Telangana Issue. -Rashi Rastogi
What is the proper path for the Central government to take on the Telangana Issue. -Rahul Bajpayi (Winner)
The poverty line - how should it be defined? -Dwarakanadha Reddy Bayana
The poverty line - how should it be defined? -Mani Kant Jha (Winner)
The poverty line - how should it be defined? -Mrinal Malakar
After one year of the Nirbhaya Incident of Dec 2012 has anything changed for women in India. - G.R.Hiranmai
After one year of the Nirbhaya Incident of Dec 2012 has anything changed for women in India. - Jnandeep Bora
After one year of the Nirbhaya Incident of Dec 2012 has anything changed for women in India. - Rajat Luthra
After one year of the Nirbhaya Incident of Dec 2012 has anything changed for women in India. - Ishani Mishra
After one year of the Nirbhaya Incident of Dec 2012 has anything changed for women in India. - Rashmi Chaudhary (Winner)
After one year of the Nirbhaya Incident of Dec 2012 has anything changed for women in India. - Anwesha
After one year of the Nirbhaya Incident of Dec 2012 has anything changed for women in India. - Parul Sharma
After one year of the Nirbhaya Incident of Dec 2012 has anything changed for women in India. - Anuradha.M
After one year of the Nirbhaya Incident of Dec 2012 has anything changed for women in India. - Rohan Sengupta
What Aam Admi Party means to a common Indian? -Kamal Duggal
What Aam Admi Party means to a common Indian? -Shashidhar Mishra
What Aam Admi Party means to a common Indian? -Raghuram R Bachu
What Aam Admi Party means to a common Indian? -Vinod Kumar Garg
What Aam Admi Party means to a common Indian? -Lakshmi M Das
What Aam Admi Party means to a common Indian? -Samritika (Winner)
What Aam Admi Party means to a common Indian? -Kumar Gaurav
What Aam Admi Party means to a common Indian? -Arihara Sudhan
What Aam Admi Party means to a common Indian? -Aman Kumar Pandey
Will the recently passed Lok Pal Bill end Corruption in India? -Jashanpreet Singh (Winner)
Will the recently passed Lok Pal Bill end Corruption in India? -Manish Bhojwani
Will the recently passed Lok Pal Bill end Corruption in India? -Ajeet Singh
Will the recently passed Lok Pal Bill end Corruption in India? -Niraj Satnalika
Will the recently passed Lok Pal Bill end Corruption in India? -Ancy Wilson
Will the recently passed Lok Pal Bill end Corruption in India? -Anwesha Bandopadhyay
Will the recently passed Lok Pal Bill end Corruption in India? -Devang R Mehta
Will the recently passed Lok Pal Bill end Corruption in India? -Vaishnavi jha
Will the recently passed Lok Pal Bill end Corruption in India? -Mrinal Malakar
How Indian Diplomat row in US could be resolved? - Dwarakanadha reddy Bayana
How Indian Diplomat row in US could be resolved? -A.Hari Chandana (Winner)
How Indian Diplomat row in US could be resolved? -Shivangi Rajani
Is Supreme Court Gay sex verdict progressive? -Zeeshan Elyas
Is Supreme Court Gay sex verdict progressive? -Divya Sarjolta
Is Supreme Court Gay sex verdict progressive? -Shilpi Agarwal
Is Supreme Court Gay sex verdict progressive? -Sneha pawar
Is Supreme Court Gay sex verdict progressive? -Ankita Aggarwal (Winner)
Is Supreme Court Gay sex verdict progressive? -Jyoti Yadav

Essay Topics: December - 2013

After nearing 25 years, does India needs reforms once again - Nikhi Ramchandra Jathe
After nearing 25 years, does India needs reforms once again - Sneha Pawar
After nearing 25 years, does India needs reforms once again - Abhijeet Singh Rathore
After nearing 25 years, does India needs reforms once again - Manpreet Kaur
After nearing 25 years, does India needs reforms once again - Rishi Tandon (Winner)
Opinion poll, exit poll are they necessary, if so why? - Ankush Sharma
Opinion poll, exit poll are they necessary, if so why? - Nikhi Ramchandra Jathe
Opinion poll, exit poll are they necessary, if so why? - Shilpi Agarwal (Winner)
Opinion poll, exit poll are they necessary, if so why? - Adithya Bharadwaj
Opinion poll, exit poll are they necessary, if so why? - Harshraj Roman
Opinion poll, exit poll are they necessary, if so why? - V.A.M.Karthik
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Ninaad Athalye
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Shilpi Agarwal
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Priya Singh
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Aishwarya Jain
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Aritra Chakraborty
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Vijay Peddada
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Mrinal Malakar
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Adeeba Fahiem (Winner)
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Ankita Aggarwal
Sexual harassment in workplace causes and remedies - Ayushi Kulshrestha
Surveillance of an individual raises moral, ethical and legal questions - Revati Chandrabhatta
Surveillance of an individual raises moral, ethical and legal questions - Shivangi Rajani (Winner)

Essay Topics: November - 2013

Discuss success to tackle Cyclone Phalin-Failure to control Uttrakhand floods. -Imroz Ahmed
Discuss success to tackle Cyclone Phalin-Failure to control Uttrakhand floods. -Sejal Goel
Discuss success to tackle Cyclone Phalin-Failure to control Uttrakhand floods. -K Divija
Communalism and Terrorism are interlinked, challenges in controlling them -K.Shreya Ghosh
Communalism and Terrorism are interlinked, challenges in controlling them -K.Farijuddin Khan
Communalism and Terrorism are interlinked, challenges in controlling them -K.Ninaad Athalye
Sachin Tendulkar has made a huge impact- Discuss his qualities as a trailblazer. -K.Chitti Raju
Sachin Tendulkar has made a huge impact- Discuss his qualities as a trailblazer. -Tittu Sunny

Essay Topics: October - 2013

Ordinance on Convicted legislatures sets bad precedent -Rishi Tandon
Ordinance on Convicted legislatures sets bad precedent -Akshith
Ordinance on Convicted legislatures sets bad precedent -Praveen Ebenezer Paul. E (Winner)
Necessity for Communal Violence prevention bill -Bhagya Lakshmi Vijayan (Winner)
Necessity for Communal Violence prevention bill -Shreya Ghosh
Necessity for Communal Violence prevention bill -Harsha Vardhan
Necessity for Communal Violence prevention bill -Gokul Abraham
Alternatives to India's dependence on energy supply -Srinivas Vadada
Alternatives to India's dependence on energy supply -Reema D`souza
Alternatives to India's dependence on energy supply -Monic Abhishek.K (Winner)
SC's negative voting verdict, good or bad for democracy -Krishna S (Winner)
SC's negative voting verdict, good or bad for democracy -Ankush Sharma
SC's negative voting verdict, good or bad for democracy -Bafpalbir singh
SC's negative voting verdict, good or bad for democracy -Preeti Aggarwal
SC's negative voting verdict, good or bad for democracy -Smita Saxena
SC's negative voting verdict, good or bad for democracy -Divya Annepu

Essay Topics: September - 2013

Measures to reinvigorate Indian Economy -Ramsnehi Meghna (Winner)
Measures to reinvigorate Indian Economy -Shubham
Food Security Bill - A poll gimmick or anti hunger action plan -Anubhav Mishra
Food Security Bill - A poll gimmick or anti hunger action plan -Gokul Abraham
Food Security Bill - A poll gimmick or anti hunger action plan -Padma Priya
Food Security Bill - A poll gimmick or anti hunger action plan -Balasubramanyan Menon (Winner)
Food Security Bill - A poll gimmick or anti hunger action plan -Amit Srivastav
Land acquisition bill - Boon or Bane -Jashanpreet Singh (Winner)
Land acquisition bill - Boon or Bane -Neha Ghosh
Land acquisition bill - Boon or Bane -Amit Srivastav
Fight against Superstition needs a countrywide campaign -Vipul Kumar Pandey (Winner)
Fight against Superstition needs a countrywide campaign -Neha Ghosh
Fight against Superstition needs a countrywide campaign -Swathi Gs
Fight against Superstition needs a countrywide campaign -Henna Jain

Essay Topics: August - 2013

Telengana sparks fresh debate on reorganization of Indian states -R.Menon
Telengana sparks fresh debate on reorganization of Indian states -Sumeet Garg
Telangana sparks fresh debate on Reorganization of Indian States -Sundeep Shukla
Telengana sparks fresh debate on reorganisation of indian states -Manpreet Kaur
Telengana sparks fresh debate on reorganization of Indian States -Gopika Jayan
Bihar Mid-Day meal tragedy signals revamping of the nutrition scheme -Shreya Anurakti
Bihar Mid-Day meal tragedy signals revamping of the nutrition scheme -Balasubramanyan.R.Menon (Winner 2)
Revamping Nutrition Support Schemes -Prashant jain

Essay Topics: July - 2013

Uttrakhand floods - Nature or Human have aggravated the miseries -Balasubramanyan.R.Menon (Winner)
Uttrakhand floods - Nature or Human have aggravated the miseries -Vijay Yadav
Uttrakhand floods - Nature or Human have aggravated the miseries -Kamaldeep Singh
Why the Indian Rupee is depreciating and measures to control it. -Aditya Das
Why Indian rupee is deprecating, measures to control it. -Azad Singh Bothra
Why Indian rupee is deprecating, measures to control it. -SHREYA ANURAKTI

Essay Topics: june - 2013

Maoist should be treated on par with terrorist and anti-nationals -Pratibha Sharma (Winner)
Maoist should be treated on par with terrorist and anti-nationals -Abhishek Dixit
Maoist should be treated on par with terrorist and anti-nationals -Arjun Tyagi
Maoist should be treated on par with terrorist and anti-nationals -Dharmesh Sharma
Is food security law necessary for India? -Ashish Pandey
How to clean up the mess of Indian Premier League -Rishi Tandon

Essay Topics: May - 2013

Anatomy of Rape, causes and remedies -Priyanka Agarwal

Essay Topics: April - 2013

Italian Marines brought back is a national victory - Himanshu Dhumash

Essay Topics: March - 2013

From Bofors to Helicopters, Bribery in Defence Deals Stinks - Ajit Lodhi

Essay Topics: February - 2013

Freedom of expression is superior or the right to protest - Rishav jha

Contest Essay for January - 2013

Are Women in India safe? Are stringent Laws enough to curb the male sexual overdrive? -Saurabh Sharan
Are Women in India safe? Are stringent Laws enough to curb the male sexual overdrive? -Akash Sharma
The Youth of India, are they in a position of unrest? -Rajendra Koushik

Contest Essay for December - 2012

In corruption, India ranks 94th in the world -Ansh Neeraj Tayal
India's recent test failure vs England -Shashidhar mishra

Essay Topics: November - 2012 (last date: November 31)

Swamy seeks Congress' de-recognition
Obama vs Romney
Why Digitization hits metros in India?

Contest Essay for October - 2012

Indian people vs price hike -Aurag

Contest Essays for September - 2012

Contest essays for august - 2012.

India declares drought: How will it affect country economy - Ganga
Why Indian athletes are falling back in Olympics 2012 ? - Disha gandhi
India declares drought: How will it affect country economy - Isha roy

Contest Essays for July - 2012

Who deserves to take the seat of president? either sangama or Pranab Mukerjee ? - Addeba fahiem
Who deserves to take the seat of president? either sangama or Pranab Mukerjee ? - Amit Kumar
"God Particle" Found? will it be a Historic Milestone in science - Aleem javed

Contest Essays for June - 2012

Will INS Vikramaditya War ship add strength to our Indian navy? - Ankit Agarwal
Will INS Vikramaditya War ship add strength to our Indian navy? - Vamshi Krishna
Dollar increase against rupees - Shekhar
Petrol price hike and its effects on our day to day life - Priyanka Singh

Contest Essays for May - 2012

Should Sachin Tendulkar conferred Rajya Sabha nomination or Bharat Ratna? - Himanshu Dhumash
Should Sachin Tendulkar conferred Rajya Sabha nomination or Bharat Ratna? - Pratik Mantri
Central- State hassle over NCTC - Saahil Bhanot
Central- State hassle over NCTC - Nilmani
Will india meet surplus electric power production in 2013? - Bharath Akkera

Contest Essays for April - 2012

UP : Miscary for Congress and Rahul - Ankit Agarwal
Corruption case against Jagan Mohan-split - Abhishek Dixit
Union budget 2012-13- crucial or noncrucial? - Himanshu Dhumash
Anna protest against corruption: is he still a crowd-maker? - kaustubh verma

Contest Essays for March - 2012

Collapse of Kingfisher Airlines - Himanshu Dhumash
Collapse of Kingfisher Airlines - Kaustubh Verma
Disputes over National Counter Terrorism Center - Kanwar Deep Singh
Disputes over National Counter Terrorism Center - Himanshu Dhumash
Disputes over National Counter Terrorism Center - Raj Cham

Contest Essays for February - 2012

Economic Growth Of India In 2011 - Priya Sharma
Economic Growth Of India In 2011 - Ramandeep Kaur
Economic Growth Of India In 2011 - Bharath B Gowda
Economic Growth Of India In 2011 - Abhinav Akash
2G Scam and Chidambaram - Raj Cham
Reason behind Rahul Gandhi enter into politics - Pushkar Ashwani

Contest Essays for January - 2012

Lokpal Bill fiasco - Govind Prakash
Has Anna's agitation lost steam? - saurabh shubham
Censorship on networking websites - Henna Jain
The Truth vs Hype of FDI - Rishav Jha
The Truth vs Hype of FDI - Vyom Bindal

Contest Essays for December - 2011

Are scientific inventions making us happier - kriteesh parashar
Are scientific inventions making us happier - swasti raizada
Sharad Pawar Slapped: is it the right way for showing discontent? - Ikram singh Harika
Sharad Pawar Slapped: is it the right way for showing discontent? - Pranay Chaturvedi
Has corruption haunted india's growth ? - Shruti Roy
Has corruption haunted india's growth ? - Mudasir Husssain
Has corruption haunted india's growth ? - Sonali Dinkar
Has corruption haunted india's growth ? - Ikram singh Harika
Has corruption haunted india's growth ? - Ranjana

Contest Essays for November - 2011

Why India is the next global leader? - Biswaranjan Sahoo
Population Explosion - How can we tackle this problem? - Shreyosi Pal
Gaddafi and the north african search for freedom and democracy - Catherine Pushpam Joseph

Contest Essays for October - 2011

Narendra Modi, a right choice for PM of India - Rishav Jha
Solution for Kudankulam project agitation - Vikram Gs
Solution for Kudankulam project agitation - Ch.srujana
Telangana state should be granted or not - M Mohan Raj
Anna's Jan Lokpal, a threat to democracy - Sibi Adhithya Senthil Kumar

Contest Essays for September - 2011

Dirty scams, still Manmohan an intellectual - Saurabh Makta
Another blast in Delhi, who should be blamed - Sonali Kolte
Reason for India's debacle in England tour - Tanujit Medhi
Sports Promotion through Ajay Maken's Sports Bill - Rishabh Jain

Contest Essays for August - 2011

cash for vote scam - Rajat-Ali
cash for vote scam - Ajith Nair
anna's lokpal vs. government lokpal - disha gandhi
cwg what went wrong - ritu g

Contest Essays for July - 2011

Can Google circle (+1) beat Facebook? -Deepak Kailash Patra
Does Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene & Cooking gas price hike affect the people? -LAV TRAR
Rise In Oil Prices,An Encounter? -Kiranmayee Manikyam
Is DRS suited for one-day cricket and the World Cup? -JAGTESHWAR SINGH SOHAL.
Why corrupt officials are not getting punishment? Did PM's silence make a bad thing worse? -DANISH KHATANA

Contest Essays for June - 2011

Was the government crackdown on Baba Ramdev and his followers justified ? -KANIKA SINGHAL
Are cricketers beginning to give more importance to club level tournaments like IPL than playing for the country? -Surendra Lalriya
How can one effectively bridge the rich poor gap in India ? -Gajendra Choudhary

Contest Essays for May - 2011

Is the media of today upholding good journalistic standards? -Avneesh Kumar
Pakistan is serious about their efforts in eradicating terrorists from their soil? -Unni Krishnan Nair
Is Obesity a growing concern in India? -Priya Sharma

Contest Essays for April - 2011

Anna Hazare's Movement Against Corruption -Gopika Jayan
Anna Hazare's Movement Against Corruption -Ingudum Lalit
Future of Indian Cricket -Souvik Ghosh
Supermarkets -Anubhav Yadav
2G Scam -Gopika Jayan
Cricket -P.Leo
Supermarkets -Prashant Sree
Reality Shows -Rajasekar
Reality Shows -Sneha Gangadharan
Capital Punishment -Aparna Pandey
Capital Punishment -Deepti Shriram
Capital Punishment -Kanishka
Sexual Exploitation Against Women -Gitanjali Maria
Sexual Exploitation Against Women -Harshita
Sexual Exploitation Against Women -Saumitra shukla
Honor killing in India -Shipra Pandey
Honor killing in India -Vikas Singh
Honor killing in India -Abdullah Panniyankara
Honor killing in India -Haritha Reddy
Honor killing in India -Himani Grover
Should we hang all corrupt politicians -Jatin Sehgal
Should we hang all corrupt politicians -Surbhi Sati
Should Students Be Allowed To Grade Their Teachers -Anubha Gupta
Should Students Be Allowed To Grade Their Teachers -Ajay Sethu
Western Culture Promotes Divorces -Nilopher Khan
Western Culture Promotes Divorces -Sundeep Shukla
Western Culture Promotes Divorces -Dr.Purvaja Mahadevan
Should all terrorists caught red handed on camera, be hanged without trial - Gopika Jayan
Should Students Be Allowed To Grade Their Teachers -Rahul Aggarwal
Should all terrorists caught red handed on camera, be hanged without trial -A.Prasanna
Western Culture Promotes Divorces -Haritha Chaganti
Western Culture Promotes Divorces -Dinu Nair
Should Students Be Allowed To Grade Their Teachers -Atanu kashyap Adhikari
Should all terrorists caught red handed on camera, be hanged without trial -S. Madhan mohan
Indian Education System -Biswajit Pattanayak
Is India fit for democracy -Tusheet Saraf
Effects of Technology - Mayank Gupta
Advanrages of School Uniforms - Indrani Bhattacharyya
Advanrages of School Uniforms - Navin Shetty
Life in Kashmir Valley - Anukriti Ranjan
Effects of Technology - Virinder Gupta
Corruption in India - Karthick Babu
Corruption in India - Tanvir
Corruption in India - Jasbir Singh Kaura
Corruption in India - Shinaaz Mittal
Corruption in India - Swapnil Kapse

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Civil Service Essay Contest March 2024

Changing trends in the female workforce, how it can be harnessed for better growth.
How is the startup scene in India contributing to the GDP?

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Is the caste barrier breaking due to increased love marriages in India? Views : 1468
Is the caste barrier breaking due to increased love marriages in India? Views : 1960

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UPSC Civil Services Exam Previous Year Question Papers (IAS/IPS)

Last updated on January 26, 2024 by Alex Andrews George

Do you wish to download or practice UPSC Previous Year Questions (PYQs)?

This post contains links for free download of official UPSC question papers from 2011.

Table of Contents

Practice Previous Year UPSC Questions Online

ClearIAS Mock Exam platform offers the facility to re-take UPSC Preliminary Exam questions from 2011 to 2023 with negative marking (answers as per official UPSC key).

Re-Take UPSC CSE Prelims General Studies Paper 1 Questions (from 2011)
Re-Take UPSC CSE Prelims General Studies Paper 2 Questions (from 2011)

Note: To practice UPSC CSE Prelims model exams, join the ClearIAS Prelims Online Mock Test Series .

Download UPSC Civil Services Exam Previous Year Question Papers: Prelims

ClearIAS provides the option to download the previous year’s UPSC CSE questions as PDFs.

Click the below links to download UPSC Prelims question papers from 2011.

Join Now: UPSC Prelims cum Mains Course

Download UPSC Civil Services Exam Previous Year Question Papers: Mains

Click the below links to download UPSC Mains question papers from 2011.

Analysis of UPSC CSE Mains Previous Year Question Papers

Essay Paper

Official UPSC Answer Keys

You can find the official UPSC answer key for various exams conducted last year from the link – UPSC Answer Keys .

Note: You will get answer keys for only the latest exams from the above link. If you need official keys for the last 10+ years, explore Re-Take option of PYQs provided by ClearIAS .

We have provided an opportunity to take previous year’s UPSC questions (year-wise) in a timed environment to get your performance reports. You will also get solutions (as per official UPSC answer keys) and detailed explanations in your user account in our mock test platform.

Official UPSC Cut-Off Marks

Find the official UPSC cut-off marks for various exams conducted last year from the link – UPSC Cut-Off Marks .

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

May 10, 2014 at 6:44 pm

one simple doubt, for mains optional we have to choose two subjects or one with paper one and two???? please any one help me

June 18, 2014 at 9:47 pm

only one…

June 30, 2017 at 9:25 am

Hello bro kya aap bata sakte hain samnya adhyan 1,2,3,4 k liye kaun si book padhni chahiye

April 6, 2019 at 1:10 am

Thanks for sharing

October 29, 2019 at 12:28 am

hi, ias mains book list you tube pe search karo then you will get your answer.

September 9, 2016 at 1:16 pm

Only one paper of optional can be choose by applicant in upse mains which contains two paper,paper 1 and paper 2 having 250 marks each paper

November 15, 2016 at 8:02 am

June 10, 2018 at 3:37 pm

We have to choose one subject..for that subject there are 2papers

June 15, 2018 at 12:07 pm

Only one subject u have to choose but there is two paper if that subject in upsc mains

August 8, 2018 at 2:29 pm

muja ips ka bara ma jan na ha aap muja es ka bara ma bata eya ips exam,selabus,etc. all details lease

December 19, 2018 at 1:01 pm

You have to choose one subject. Both the paper one and to of optionals will be of the chosen subject.

December 28, 2018 at 9:45 pm

Only one subject you have to choose..but it consist of two papers..paper 1-250 marks paper 2-250 marks

February 4, 2019 at 3:25 pm

We have to chose one subject as for the mainstream optional and in that two parts we have to study

March 23, 2019 at 9:15 am

How do u knw that ur doubt is simple?

June 20, 2020 at 6:16 pm

December 20, 2020 at 3:49 pm

Hi u need to choose only *one subject* which is having two papers from optional subjects.

July 2, 2014 at 11:17 am

For paper A and B,only language is required or their literature also have to study with the subject has been choosen??plz clear my confusion

November 15, 2016 at 8:06 am

only language.

July 2, 2014 at 8:08 pm

sir piz add answer to questions paper

February 4, 2019 at 9:24 am

Which paper, ?

September 26, 2014 at 11:45 am

where can i find last 30 years prelims questions ?

October 30, 2014 at 11:24 am

Sir i am student of mechanical engineering of 2nd year sir i want to preparing for ias exam ,sir i want to take optional subject political science .sir can i take it

October 30, 2014 at 2:10 pm

Yes. You can.

January 10, 2017 at 9:02 pm

sir i want to preparing for ias exam sir how many subject can take in mains exam

August 16, 2018 at 3:16 am

U have to give totally 26 subjects. You choose any one subject and any one language England or Telugu

September 20, 2018 at 4:21 pm

I want to make Ips officer

November 15, 2016 at 8:10 am

First try to write sentences that are at least not laced with phrases like “to preparing for ias exam…”.

July 3, 2018 at 6:31 pm

ofcourse you can

January 22, 2015 at 12:43 pm

Sir I have done b tech mechanicals I want to be a ias officer how and from were I start this I m totally confused plz help me.

February 1, 2015 at 8:59 am

sir I am a student of std. 10 …. My only dream is I.A.S .. Can i start my coaching. ??

March 14, 2016 at 12:09 am

Babu pehele 12th mein pass ho jao… Phir IAS ka sochna

July 24, 2016 at 1:33 pm

S u can join coaching centre bt ur age is not comfortable for understanding the coaching, so better is u must complete the 2nd pu

May 18, 2018 at 5:24 am

January 11, 2019 at 9:45 pm

No. Your time will come. Everything has it’s own time, otherwise the labor & enthusiasm may go in vain

February 4, 2019 at 9:29 am

Not now my child

April 10, 2015 at 11:18 pm

hello, sir i need info about ips exams.. which languages are allowed in ips examination…gujarati language is allowed ?!

August 25, 2017 at 6:42 pm

Yes….but question paper language only in English and Hindi

May 30, 2021 at 12:52 pm

I want to know after 12th what should i do for I.A.S ….can you clear out cuz i have 5 years gape after 12th so it’s possible or not

April 11, 2015 at 5:18 pm

sir i am a student of B.A final and done my exam but result nt cm can i do i.a.s pre exam i am confused plz help me

June 13, 2016 at 1:17 pm

April 20, 2015 at 11:24 pm

Sir, I have given my 12th main exams with PCB and I want to prepare for IAS thoroughly, which are the best institutions for UPSE exam and which which degree you would prefer me to take as to save my most of the time to study for Ias

April 6, 2019 at 10:09 am

I also have the same doubt

May 3, 2015 at 2:56 pm

Sir I am student Sanskrit sub. I want toprepare IAS exam I can do it please sand me ias rules for apply IAS exam

May 6, 2015 at 9:23 pm

sir i have qualified 12 class in 2015 by PCM. but my physics is too poor.i think i should graduate from BA and prepare for IAS exam. will it b right sir?

July 18, 2018 at 11:37 pm

May 24, 2015 at 11:07 am

sir, i want to take hindi honours ………….will I able to appear UPSC exam ??????

December 24, 2020 at 7:00 pm

Ha aap aapne aap par confidence rakhe, Kare ke liye sab kuch aasan he or hoga

May 29, 2015 at 12:42 am

sir im ba final year student now. i want to know the ias exam process from beginning to end in detail. plz gave me reply

June 19, 2015 at 11:17 am

IAS can be cleared, what ever subject you take for 12th or graduation. So take subjects of your interest. Of-course there are certain overlapping subjects which can give you an edge in UPSC exams. But you don’t need to take graduation subject just for the sake of UPSC preparation. Almost every query of a fresher is answered in the article: Clear IAS FAQ. Please go through the same in detail. All the best!

June 30, 2015 at 2:57 pm

Sit I’m BE student final year I want a IAS officer pls help me witch subject I have to take

July 8, 2015 at 1:24 pm

i’m B.com student final year I want IAS officer pls me which subject i have to take

August 23, 2015 at 5:25 pm

Sir , I’m 2nd year student of b.tech ECE , my dream is to become ias officer , but don’t know how to start , can u guide me sir , please .

January 26, 2019 at 5:04 pm

Hello safiya,u can start ur training by joining a best coaching institute,near to ur residents u can start ur coaching from now if u can manage ur BTech and IAS coaching,if not after BTech take its coaching,if u study u can achieve any thing.thank u

November 2, 2015 at 9:04 pm

can english literature be a optional subject or its a compulsory subject

December 15, 2015 at 9:51 pm

I read in class 12th I want to make an IAS officer

January 8, 2016 at 1:36 pm

Sir I wanna know each nd everything about Ias examination I only become Ias officer can u explain me how to start preparation for it

January 15, 2016 at 3:42 pm

Sir i am ips officar start guadence work

January 22, 2016 at 7:04 pm

sir I am 3rdyear Biochemisty student my aim is to became a IAS officer.i want idea to start preparing for xam and help me with exam syllabus plz

February 2, 2016 at 1:58 pm

Sir I have done engineering sir i want to preparing for ias exam ,sir i want to take optional subject urdu .sir can i take it

March 22, 2016 at 4:25 pm

Sir Maine 15/06/2015 ko IAS pre exam from applied kiya exam date please

December 17, 2017 at 9:53 am

Sir kya mai IAS ki taiyari kisi bhi state se Taiyari kar Sakta hun

May 7, 2016 at 5:10 pm

Hello sir My Name is Shahjada kalam & My Aim is ips officer and My qualification is B.com 2nd year … And sir My engiish is week so can i prepare ips in hindi medium…..Please help me

February 13, 2019 at 3:58 pm

I’M NISHCHITHA DEVADIGA MY AIM IS IPS OFFICER AND MY QUALIFICATION IS BA COMPLETED. PLEASE IPS PROCIDURE AND RULES..

May 17, 2016 at 1:07 pm

Sir l am in class 12, (pcm) sir my aim is to become an ips officer. Sir what should i do after completing 12. Sir please advise me and help me. Plz…

September 18, 2016 at 5:15 pm

Ready to get this contact 8533092764

May 19, 2016 at 7:40 pm

HI I WANT TO APPEAR UPSC EXAMINATION I AM STUDENT OF GRADUATION PART 1 POL SCIENCE BUT STILL RYT NOW I AM NOT GETTING WHATS ACTUALY NEED FOR THE UPSC AND WHICH TYPE OF SYLBUSS I HAVE NEED PLEASE GUIDE ME IAS CLEAR. ANAS KAMAL

May 31, 2016 at 2:07 pm

Sir i am doing Btech. My only one dream is to become an IAS officer but i don’t have enough knowledge about the procedures and coaching centres ..so can you please help me to be ome an IAS officer

June 4, 2016 at 2:29 pm

UPSC Civil Services Exam Previous Year Question Papers (IAS/IPS): This post contains links for free download of official UPSC question papers from 2009 to 2015.

lINKS ARE INACTIVE OF 2009 TO 2013.Please correct it

June 4, 2016 at 2:46 pm

UPSC has taken out the links recently.

June 5, 2016 at 10:33 pm

sir,I clear 12th . kya m IPS kr sakta hu

June 14, 2016 at 10:30 pm

i have very less time to study. is it enough to solve only sample papers from your site and other coaching centres like vision?

June 16, 2016 at 2:57 pm

Sir,there is available books upsc in hindi medium.online books are isufficient books for upsc

June 26, 2016 at 9:40 pm

please share me the previous years prelims Q.paper . with analysis, subject taken from.. i had a pdf of 2015 CSP ..PLZ POST other Q.papers till 2011 ..thank u

June 27, 2016 at 11:22 pm

sir /mam , i am an employee of centeral police as constable as i have passed my 12th throught CBSE from JNV , sir i have an great urge to crack IAS but sometimes it seems too tought for me because of time bond . so can u plzzz suggest me to crack without any special coaching ,or it’s necessary to join any institute for coaching , plzzz tell mee sir . and i m reading Magbooks for prelims and mains , are they good for me or not plzzz suggest me it will be your most kindness plzzz sir/mam

December 26, 2017 at 5:43 pm

sir, it’s not necessary to join any institute for coaching for preparation of UPSC exam. You also study in online for UPSC exam. Best of luck

July 24, 2016 at 11:02 am

Sir I am completed 12 class in this yrr with 86.6% math group my main target qualified IAS exam sir please suggest me how I prepare for this exam

July 26, 2016 at 12:53 pm

Sir which the best prepartion for IAS. which books is perfect to prepare of IAS.

August 1, 2016 at 6:53 pm

sir actually I dine his 10 class And I took ARTs background side then what should be first step for me

August 9, 2016 at 8:19 am

I am studying in mechanical engineering , can I take literature as optional subject

December 26, 2017 at 5:49 pm

yes, you take literature as an optional subject, don’t worry. Best of luck

August 23, 2016 at 5:25 pm

Sir I am a student of 10th class and my only aim is to become an I.A.S Officer .so please advise me what stream I will choose next year.

March 22, 2017 at 5:13 pm

you should choose the maths in allien institue kota …….

September 17, 2016 at 4:36 pm

Can i have previous year question papers plzz

September 21, 2016 at 9:33 am

sir how i reconfirm my email id for registration

October 13, 2016 at 9:38 am

Who do preparation??

November 2, 2016 at 3:27 pm

sir I am doing bsc hotel management…but I am not comfortable with this course..it was my parents who forced me to join the hotel management.But i want to become a IAS officer .can i apply for the exam after my course!!!??

December 26, 2017 at 6:11 pm

Yes, you can apply for UPSC exam. Best of luck

December 26, 2017 at 6:23 pm

yes, you can apply for UPSC exam. After your graduation. Don’t worry, best of luck

November 6, 2016 at 2:06 pm

I am in 2 nd year architcture…. I want to give IAS xam.. Plz hlp me ..i want to know at what stage i should start its preparation n frm where… Mns books and subjects….

November 6, 2016 at 10:49 pm

Hlw sir, My name is priyatam debnath.. Nd I study B. Sc nursing in Tripura Medical college. After graduation…. I will face IPS exam. So, I need help for this exm.

December 26, 2017 at 7:02 pm

you follow this link : https://www.clearias.com/upsc-exam-guidance/ Best of luck.

January 26, 2017 at 2:26 am

Geart job by clear IAS team, Thanx a lot to you people . You are like pole star to a wandered sailor.

February 3, 2017 at 12:43 pm

i actually read Times Of India newspaper!! Is it useful or not?? And in newspapers what should i concentrate more on?? Please help me out…Please!!

February 14, 2017 at 10:45 am

Anyone help me to fill the forms of ips/ias can we fill both by same tym or one person can face only one exam

March 6, 2017 at 7:52 pm

I am student of 9th standard.I want to be an IAS officer. On which subjects I must pay attention. Else social studies, I like all the subjects. What should I do.

March 24, 2017 at 10:43 am

hlw sir.. i am aarti jha and i want to become a ips officer..i am in 11 standard .but i take science in 11 ..so that it was correct for me to cracker ups exam or not ..plz suggest mei which subject i had to take in collage

June 3, 2017 at 4:08 pm

Sir I m doing b.sc 2 ND yr and u want to be a IAS plz guide me and I want to know the language system and more information about the exam

October 3, 2017 at 5:57 pm

drop ur no. here i will clear ur confusion

December 26, 2017 at 6:59 pm

you follow this link : https://www.clearias.com/upsc-syllabus/ best of luck

June 4, 2017 at 10:25 am

Plese help me sir I join for upsc exam

July 14, 2017 at 9:01 pm

sir i am shyam, iam studying degree B.A .SIR i want to become a IAS officer . how to prepared in civil serivces . SIR i am telugu medium student. sir nenu na goal in reach avagalana sir

December 26, 2017 at 6:54 pm

August 13, 2017 at 6:26 pm

Sir i have a question. Did main exam of ias contain mcq or writing answer

December 26, 2017 at 6:37 pm

essay writing of mains paper pattern. Best of luck

October 3, 2017 at 5:51 pm

i am doing bsc from ignou.. will i be eligible for upsc after completing my grad

October 6, 2017 at 12:29 pm

Respected sir; I am Digendra ;student of 12 class (CBSE board).I have pcm and I want to become an IAS officer.So please tell me what I do now. Thanks

December 3, 2017 at 11:32 pm

My question is,can I choose two languages for different subjects,as one in hindi and another one in english.. Is this possible ????? Pls tell me….

December 26, 2017 at 6:48 pm

It’s not possible. you take only one language Hindi or English. Best of luck.

Sir plzzz tell me ias ke exam me questions Hindi language me hote hain ya fir hindi or English dono languages me… plzzz sir reply me I m confused

December 26, 2017 at 6:43 pm

Hindi and English both language. Best of luck

December 26, 2017 at 6:50 pm

Best of luck with your career

December 30, 2017 at 11:14 am

Sir where do i get upsc civils past 25 years previous papers??

December 30, 2017 at 11:16 am

Where do i get free downloads of all exams by upsc ??

January 2, 2018 at 1:58 pm

Sir my am war to be an IAS office sir can you please help me to find out how many subjects were required for ias

January 5, 2018 at 3:36 pm

Sir, is i have to write mechanical engineering subject in kannada language if I chosed to write in kannada language..?

January 10, 2018 at 11:11 am

Sir I am 1st year BALLB student … I want to become IPS officer but … there is one problem that .. my eye vision is .. some what bad so … can u help me

January 14, 2018 at 6:04 pm

I am student of class ninth i want to be an ips officer. I do not like social science subject. Can i apply for upse exam without studying this subject?

January 29, 2018 at 3:47 pm

I would like to become a ias officer , how can I improve myself.

February 6, 2018 at 7:25 pm

hlo sir, i am a student dentist (3rd proff.) and i am aiming at cracking IAS , could you please guide me as in what books to study and also where can i get previous years papers.

February 16, 2018 at 10:25 pm

My dream is … Mala IPS vaichay.. Me maharastra Madhe rahate so.. I like my culture and mother tan…. lps is my dream… I’m in 11th art class and I want get a complete graduation and i have after 12th I ‘ll start to MPSC exam study….. I’m vary happy with my dream come true…. And I have come true my dream …….. Let’s Smile….. 😊😉🙏

March 1, 2018 at 3:49 pm

Its very helpful for all students as well as everyone … Thanks for great job

March 10, 2018 at 5:21 pm

Sir/madam,I have one doubt ias preliminary exam paper 2 is optional paper questions are asked? ..

March 14, 2018 at 12:13 pm

sir i m a graduate in b.com hons.,can i apply for INDIAN FOREST SERVICE??plzzz reply

March 28, 2018 at 10:11 pm

Sir in IPS exam is there any paper is in Gujarati or hindi, because I don’t know this two languages. I know only English!!!! Sir pls answer my question!!!!!

March 31, 2018 at 4:22 pm

Sir I wanna be a police officer on the base of ips can you help me that what should I do

April 17, 2018 at 5:57 pm

Hlo sir, I have completed my graduation but pol science was not my subject in graduation, can I apply for IAS

April 21, 2018 at 12:56 pm

I m a student of 8th I want to become an IAS officer…..so whn should I start my course..

May 7, 2018 at 1:22 pm

Sir I have passed my inter this year . My dream is to become an IAS officer. So whether I should opt for BA or BSc to complete my graduation Please reply soon

May 10, 2018 at 12:08 am

I am BA Economic student.How many subjects are selected for optional subject.I am very interested in History.

May 20, 2018 at 11:59 am

Respected sir Am doing 11 on bio-math group . I wish to be an I P S officer,and am totally confused about my future courses and finally to my dream I P S .And i wish to graduate Ship-Arc from CU SAT as the key to I C S . Sir please correct me if you note any missing or mistakes on my plan .

June 7, 2018 at 8:40 am

Hello Friends !!! Good Morning Everyone !!! I am also a Civil Engineering students !!! And I am very confused !! So please help me that how to start !!!!

June 7, 2018 at 7:06 pm

Sir I read in +3 first year so can I take IPS coaching from this year?

June 20, 2018 at 3:16 am

I hv cleared a prelim exams n i was worried about my mains and final plzz help me out the syllabus

June 28, 2018 at 7:28 am

Sir, I am Bams Final year student whose exam will be Next year Sept cn I apply fr upsc cse nxt Feb ??

July 11, 2018 at 12:42 am

Sir please tell me what should be the qualification . Is Msc , MA or M. com Or Bsc or BA required

August 11, 2018 at 6:28 am

Bachelor Degree only

August 2, 2018 at 10:30 pm

Sir, i am starting my preparation for the 2019 CSE and i want to know how to prepare notes from newspaper effectively? Do we have to go through the paper everyday? Is that necessary or preparing notes from online sources is enough? Which is better in the long run?

August 11, 2018 at 6:26 am

Reading Hindu Newspaper Is Enough To Get Ample General Knowledge

August 7, 2018 at 6:29 pm

sir, mains exam written hota h ya multiply question

September 16, 2018 at 11:54 am

Sir Maine iss saal b.tech ke last year ka exam diya hai.. Ek subject ki back clear ni hui hai. Iss vajah se mera result ruka hai. Kya mai. kya mai iss exam ko dene ke liye eligible hu ??

December 13, 2018 at 4:53 pm

sir now im studying fourth b tech ece .my dream is become ips officer.i dont know how to apply for ips exam.can u tell me how to apply for the exam and eaxm notification .

December 15, 2018 at 1:04 pm

Is it able to take commerece as main in civil service examination.I am now at the end of my degree.

December 26, 2018 at 1:44 pm

Can I choose English as optional subject???

January 8, 2019 at 9:03 am

Sir.. I have completed my mbbs.. I want to know whether I am eligible for ips exam.. if yes.. what will be my preliminary exam on..? Medical related.. or general studies?

January 30, 2019 at 7:44 pm

Sir, Mera name prince Kumar hai.mai class 12th Mai hu.mera subject science hai.sir mai childhood se hi ips(Indian police service) banana chahata hu lekin age badhane ke sath-sath Mera soch bhi badalane laga.mai abhi bhi ips banana chahata hu lekin pata Chala ki sabhi training nikal lene ke baad bhi Paisa mang rahe jo mere Ghar ke log nahi de sakate hai is liye lagta hai ki ips nahi ban paonga.lekin Mai police me is liye jana chahata hu ki adhikans police wale riswat lete hai jo mujhe pasand nahi karata hu aur agar Mai police Wala ban gaya to jaha join hokhunga waha ke police walo ko sudhar dunga . Lekin Mai form bharunga agar bhagwan daya kar diye to maa kasam Mai India ko to nahi lekin kuchh logo ko jarur sudhar dunga aur kosis karunga ki India ko bhi sudhar du

February 2, 2019 at 1:15 am

Does B.E. (CSE) students can give IAS Exams ??

February 19, 2019 at 7:17 pm

Mai B.s.c first year ka student hu Mujhe ips bnana hai Please help me subject chose Aur kitni class ki book start kru

March 14, 2019 at 7:08 pm

pre me negative marking hoti hai kya?

March 17, 2019 at 6:49 am

How many questions are there exactly in each GS paper prelims

April 17, 2019 at 11:03 am

Sir mai bio strem se hu kya mai upsc ka exam de skta hu

May 18, 2019 at 2:30 pm

Hello sir I am PCB student hu. Graduation bsc. main IPS officer banna chahti hu aage kon se subject choose karu please help me

June 8, 2019 at 3:13 pm

I will write other papers in Assamese. Can I write my optional paper in English ?

July 2, 2019 at 9:36 pm

Sir, I started degree (bcom) in 2012 but I completed my degree in 2019 ,due to few personal reasons I haven’t attended exams, am I eligible to write upsc exams

July 4, 2019 at 4:12 pm

sir i want to prepare for IAS exam, how many subject can take in mains exam out of 26 subject…waiting your positive reply…..

July 6, 2019 at 7:36 am

Hii Friend’s Kya aap me se koi mujhe notes, previous year questions paper, books bhej sakate ho Mera Add. At. Post. Manbda, Tq. Telhara Dist. Akola Maharashtra Pin code – 444 108

July 10, 2019 at 4:26 pm

Sir / mam I am pursuing btech final year i want to became an ias officer can i no that how many papers that the prelims conduct before prelims there is any exams is there clear my confusion sir .

September 11, 2019 at 12:55 pm

Sir i had completed my graduation b.sc 2011 .I want to prepare civil sarvice examination can i do this pls rply

December 16, 2019 at 1:45 am

sir I m final year student of B.A. I want to become an ips officer what should I do plzz help me ………because I don’t know…ki hm kese tyari kre kya padee kya na padee plzz help me

December 18, 2019 at 2:29 pm

meri eng bhot week h kya m upsc clear k lie kosis kr skta hu ….plz tell me

April 23, 2020 at 12:10 pm

Hi, I need small information how many times we can attempt for general cat and how many subjects in ips.

April 28, 2020 at 2:26 pm

Sir , I’m 2nd year student of B.com , my dream is to become’ Ips’ officer , but don’t know how to start , can u guide me sir , please .

May 19, 2020 at 8:49 am

Sir aap hme ghatna chakre ki pdf upload kr do…plz sir🙏🙏🙏

July 3, 2020 at 4:10 pm

How many languages can I select? Any one help me plz.may I select even Bengali?

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Civil services in india: definition, nature and classification.

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Essay on Civil Services in India: Definition, Nature and Classification!

Definition and Nature:

The term civil service may be defined in the following language:

The term generally refers to administrators paid for implementing the policies of national governments. The origin of the term can be traced to the British system of administration which was divided in military and civilian.

Some officials perform civil duties and some military duties. Hence civil service is different from military service. Needless to say that both civil and military officers are parts of the state administration. But the functions of the two groups are different and because of this a distinction has been drawn between the two categories of officers.

The members of the civil service draw their salary and other financial benefits from the state fund. The members of the civil service work for state administration and for that reason they are called civil servants or government officials. These government officials constitute public administration.

The origin of civil service lie in the implementation of the Northcote-Trevelyan reform of 1854. The British parliament constituted the commission and since then the term civil service has come to be an integral part of public administration. The civil servants are also called bureaucrats and in general term it is called bureaucracy. The word bureaucracy is used in a pejorative sense.

However, the German sociologist Max Weber threw light on the concept. After the Industrial Revolution that took place in the 1760s a special category of officers specially trained was needed for the management of industrialised society and, subsequently, those trained officials were collectively known as bureaucracy.

Herman Finer in his The Theory and Practice of Modern Government explains the term in this way: “The functions of the civil service in the modern state is not merely the improvement of government, without it, indeed, the government itself would be impossible. The civil service is a professional body of officials, permanent, paid and skilled” I think this is the most cogent and meaningful definition of civil service.

The state in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries existed, but its existence was felt only in certain limited fields. But today’s state is different from the state of earlier centuries. Though the liberals and neo-liberals are clamouring for a limited state or a state like night watchman, the existence of state is felt almost in every sphere of our life. The state of the twenty-first century is not Leviathan, but it is not an emasculated one. In every sphere of life there is state.

Naturally a modern state requires a vast army of officials to fulfil the demands and cater the interests of all types and groups of people. Tracing the origin of civil service Finer says: “The civil service is as much the product of the spiritual and mechanical factors of the Western civilisation as are all other political institutions. The nineteenth century turned away -from the impotent survival of unsalaried, untrained officers, who were illiterate and unwilling” The rational order of an industrial society demands an organisation of skilled and specially trained group of officials. This is civil service —an essential part of modern public administration.

Classification of Services :

Part XIV of Indian Constitution provides for different types or classes of services for India. The name of the chapter is Services under- Union and the States. The Constitution has not elaborated the types and categories of services. In accordance with the Constitution we divide the services into the followings categories —All India Services (AIS), State Services, and Local and Municipal Services. There are four groups of central services—Central Services Group A, Central Services Group B, Central Services Group C and Central Services Group D.

In the AIS there are several groups and the most important groups are — Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and Indian Police Service (IPS). From the standpoint of prestige and status IAS and IPS are at the top position. These two services are also called premier services in India. In fact, the holders of these two most important posts manage and control the general and police administration. So far as the administrative system in India is concerned it is said that there is a difference. All-India Services include IAS and IPS. The Central Services are divided into four groups. But the former is more important than the latter.

In Group A of central services there are 34 types. Some of them are Indian Foreign Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Indian Statistical Service, Indian Economic Service, Indian Information Service, Indian Railway Service etc. In the Group B Services following categories are included—Central Secretariat Service, Geographical Survey of India, Zoological Survey of India, Central Secretariat Stenographers Service. In Group C All India Service we find the following types. Members of the Clerical Service of Central Secretariat and Telegraph Service.

The members of the Group C staff are recruited by the Staff Selection Committee through an open competitive examination. The Staff selection committee sends the list of successful candidates to the various departments of central government and they recruit from the list of successful candidates. Finally there is the Group D service. Peons, Gardeners etc. fall in this group. Top central government officers appoint peons, sweepers and gardeners for their use.

The All-India Services have a long history. The AIS system was introduced in the first decade of the 20th century. There were several types of AIS and the most important were Indian Civil Service and Imperial Police Service. There were only few thousand ICS and IPS with whom the British government administered undivided India. These two services were the most powerful instruments of British administration in India. Of course the public administration of British India had to maintain law and order and to collect -axes by adopting various penal measures.

The independent Indian government adopted the AIS system of British Raj with a large number of changes. In British India the ICS and IPS were the most important services and the same tradition remained intact in free India. In India there is a special importance of AIS. It is because India from the standpoint of structure, is a federal state, but, in fact, it is a unitary state. This unitary feature is reflected in the administrative system. The constituent units of Indian federation will have their own administrative systems but there shall be unity in administration of whole India.

Besides AIS there are two other services-the State Services and Local Services. Local services are also called municipal services. Here we find that federation has been given priority. There are certain subjects which fall within the jurisdiction of states. Some of these are health, police, agriculture, forest etc. For the recruitment for the posts of state services there are laws enacted by the state legislature.

The persons for the state services are recruited through a competitive examination and the process is very much similar to the competitive examinations conducted by the Union Public Service Commission. At present many top positions of state administration are held by IAS, IPS etc.

There are large number of services that fall under the category of state services. Such as education, police, tourism, judicial service, medical service, co-operative service, irrigation, fisheries etc. In the case of central government the general administrative and police service are very important, so also in the case of state service. All the state government give maximum importance to these two services.

Local services include municipal services and panehayati raj. Today the local self-government enjoys greater importance. When Rajiv Gandhi was Prime Minister he introduced two constitutional amendments to give greater importance to the system of local self- government. I he purpose of the amendment was to decentralise the administration and spread it to the grassroot level of Indian polity. These are the broad categories of the types of services in India.

Recruitment :

The recruitment policy for the persons in AIC services has been stated in our Constitution. Art. 309 states that subjects to the provisions of this Constitution Acts of the appropriate legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the union or any state (Art. 307).

The recruitment to the posts for both central and state governments shall be done by constitutional bodies known as Public Service Commissions. There shall be two broad Public Service Commission’s one for the AIS and the other for the state services. The former is known as UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) and the other is called State Public Service Commission.

The UPSC is in the charge of recruiting four types of persons to various posts for central government services-one type of post is Civil Service. It is nontechnical. Two All-India Services fall in this category-the IAS and IPS. These two are the most important posts. Besides IAS and IPS there are also other categories of services. The UPSC has been empowered to conduct examination for the recruitment to the Engineering Services.

This is a technical service and falls in the second category. In the third category falls Combined Medical Service. The final category is Indian Forest Service. From the above analysis it is obvious that the UPSC is entrusted with the responsibility of recruiting persons to all varieties of public services. But to average Indians, only two categories of posts have importance. These are IAS and IPS. Naturally our analysis will be confined within the selection m service, training etc. of these two premier services. Let us now turn to it.

The aspiring candidates are recruited through an open competitive examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission. There are two stages of examination. The first stage is Civil Service Examination (Objective). The other stage is Civil Service Examination (Main) and it is the final stage. It has two stages —first is written. The candidates who will pass in the written examination will be called for interview. The first stage of examination is called Preliminary, The second stage is more important.

In the Preliminary Examination there are two papers. The first paper is General Studies of 150 marks. The second paper is called optional paper with three hundred (300) marks. There are several subjects and the candidates will have to select from the list of these subjects.

Some of the optional papers are Political Science, Public Administration, Mathematics, Civil Engineering etc. There are 22 subjects. The minimum qualification to appear in the examination is graduation from any recognised university. Previously the students of general streams appeared in the examination. But subsequently engineering and medical graduates are also competing and are becoming successful.

The main examination is the most important one. It is difficult and requires through knowledge in the subject the candidate selects. There are four compulsory papers in the main examination and these papers are a paper on an Indian language. The second paper is English and third and fourth papers are General Studies. There are four optional papers.

There are large number of subjects and the candidates will have to select two subjects from the list. Each subject has two papers. For example if a candidate selects Public Administration as a subject—it will have two papers—one is the Administrative Theory and the other is Indian Public Administration or Indian Administration.

Previously Public Administration was not an optional subject. In 1988 it was included in the long list of optional subjects. It is interesting that Public Administration has earned a wide popularity and large number of candidates select this paper. The main reason is an IAS officer is mainly an administrator and naturally he must have preliminary knowledge on its theoretical aspects.

The candidates who get qualifying marks in the written examination are called for interview. The purpose of interview is to test the personality of the candidates and that is why it is called the personality test. The UPSC decides the qualifying marks. How many candidates will be called for interview or Personality test depends upon the number of vacancies. This test is also an important stage of recruitment.

The examiners test ability to be an administrator, presence of mind, the ability to run the administration, the mental strength to fall any situation. The candidate must have courage of mind. India is a multicultural state with some main languages and a large number of dialects. Above all, there are numerous religious groups. In the midst of all these the IAS officer will have to run the administration.

The candidates who pass the personality test are declared by the UPSC fit for the job and they are recruited. But the recruitment does not mean joining the services. All the successful candidates will have to take rigorous training and the training is the most crucial part of recruitment. There are three types of training. The first one is Foundational Training. The selected candidates are sent to National Academy of Administration. It is situated at Mussorie.

This Academy is in the name of our former Prime Minister Lalbahadur Shastri. This foundational training is very important. The candidates come from different academic institutions, social, economic and cultural backgrounds. Naturally they require common training and certain common instructions. In order to be a good administrator a person must have a clear and deep knowledge about social, economic, cultural and other aspects of India. He must have a preliminary idea about India’s culture and civilisation.

The purpose of foundational training is to impart an idea on these subjects. The foundational course enables a candidate to be acquainted with important aspects of Republic of India. Various persons have given importance to this foundational training.

Another aspect or part of the foundational training is the persons are sent to various parts particularly of rural areas of India and they are asked to prepare report on their observation. This is important because the reports reflect the mental ability, observational power.

The foundational training also includes physical training, games, exercise, swimming, horse riding and training of yoga. At the end of foundational training the candidates are to appear in a written examination and marks are awarded to candidates and these are added to the marks they obtained in the UPSC examination.

After the completion of foundational training the candidates go to their respective training centres. That is, the candidates, selected for IPS, go to the National Police Academy, Hyderabad. Here the candidates of IPS category receive training on police service. But the trainees of IAS continue to study at National Academy of Administration.

Now we shall discuss professional training. Talking’ about professional training S. R. Maheshwari writes: “Professional training is a sandwich programming two phases. The first phase, its duration being three months, mostly covers topics of concern to the IAS like law and orders land revenue etc.

The training methodology includes lecture, discussions, syndicate work, debates and discussions etc. At the end of the first phase of training there is a written examination the marks of which are taken into account while determining the final ranking in the service. Then begins the district training under the supervision of a carefully selected district collector in the state to which an officer is allotted. This is on-the-job training, the trainee getting a feel of administration and obtaining an experience of various field level positions in die district.” It is believed that this is a very crucial stage of professional training and even an important stage of training.

During the period of professional training a trainee is sent to the district to gather practical experience. Today throughout India panchayati raj system has come into effect and panchayat is participating m all types of state administration. Particularly the panchayati raj is a part of all developmental works. For this reason district level training is very important.

Importance of Training:

Many believe that (and it is true) the success (even it may be brilliant) in the written examination cannot make a man a good administrator. He must go through a number of serious and rigorous training. Without it a person can never be a good administrator. In every country enough emphasis is given to the proper training.

A candidate can be successful in the written examination. But a good scholar cannot always be a good administrator. Administration means governance and, for good governance, a person must be given proper training.

Again, training is a continuous process. New situation arises, problems crop up, and the administrator must be prepared to meet the situation and solve the problem. Because of the immense importance of training both IAS and IPS the trainees are sent to districts and in remote areas. The simple purpose is the candidates must be prepared with the realities. This practical experience will help them to be a good administrator.

From practical experience we come to know that the importance of IAS and IPS officers is increasing—specifically in parliamentary form of government. In this type of government both legislature and executive change after certain period of time. Naturally the entire burden of state administration falls upon the bureaucrats or civil servants.

This indirectly means that the civil servants, in parliamentary system, are the key figures of state administration. So the situation that comes out of the above discussion is that the bureaucrats must be good administrators and that largely depends what type of training they have proper received. Every bureaucrat must have proper training and experience about various aspects of society. So only training makes a man good administrator.

Training is an important part of civil service and necessary emphasis is paid to it. For proper training the Government of India has set up two premier institutions —one for IAS officers and the other for IPS officers and huge amount of money is spent for training and maintenance of these institutes. But many people have raised their eyebrows about the efficacy of the long and costly process and programmes of training.

S. R. Maheshwari observes: many people take “an optimistic view of training. They hold that it invariably adds to the functional efficiency of personnel, broadens their mental horizon and endows them with perspective. The other end of the spectrum views training as a paid holiday, enabling the bureaucrats to have a pleasant time at the taxpayers’ expense”. Both these views are partially correct. All the trainees are never serious. Many of them take the training period as paid holiday — particularly when they are sent to districts or rural areas some take it as a form of outing and enjoy it.

But there are good number of trainees who take the training period very seriously. To them “training is a stimulant”. They try to utilise the period of training by doing the work they have been asked to do. They gather practical experience and in their service life they utilise it. It has been maintained that training stimulates them in various ways such as to do something for the people, to gather experience, and they apply the experience when they staff to work as administrator. When several trainees meet together they exchange views among them.

In this age of globalisation and liberalisation there is an immense importance of bureaucracy and the training it has received. It is generally observed that the world today (in the age of liberalisation) has become a big village or a single unit. The states, big or small, are influenced by each other and this influence falls upon the public administration. If the public administration is not well equipped, it is not properly trained, it will not be able to adjust itself with the changes that are taking place. Particularly the public administration of a developing nation like India must be capable of adjusting itself with the changes that are regularly taking place everywhere. Because of this experts are talking about proper training for civil servants.

The idea of good governance also appears. A critic says, “Good governance leads to sound economic, human and institutional development”. The term good governance is a questionable matter. Does it mean that a democratic government assures good governance? This is not. Because the East Asian states are not democratic. But they have achieved miraculous success in the sphere of development.

Though Amartya Sen emphasises that development and democracy are closely linked the East Asian states have falsified it. Now many people say that whether the state is democratic or unitary or dictatorial, that matters little. Its administrative system must be well equipped and properly trained.

An efficient and able public administration is capable of meeting any situation and can assure good governance. In an age of globalisation a well-equipped and well trained public administration can meet any situation and can help the speed of development to the vital key to progress lies in both selection of public servants and their proper training.

Today’s states are not simply political states —they are also welfare states where the bureaucracy has a vital role to play. It should act like a good Samaritan. The civil servants must collect taxes and maintain law and order. Simultaneously they will extend their helping hands to the people in great distress or in the great natural calamities. The purpose of training must be this.

A large section of India’s peoples is in the grip of poverty, misery, diseases, illiteracy etc. The Government of India makes continuous efforts to lift the people from this stage. But this is not enough. The bureaucracy must be prepared to make government’s effort a great success. The in-service training tries to inculcate this.

In India a party comes to power for a fixed period of time. Naturally there is a gap between the coming and going of party or parties. During the period the civil servants run the administration. They decide policies and implement them. Here the basic point is that the civil servants must not forget that they are not the real rulers.

They should not do anything that will violate the principles and purposes of India’s Constitution, particularly the principles laid down in the Preamble and also the Fundamental Rights. S.R. Maheswari correctly says, “A training programme ought to deal with the live problems and issues currently faced by the administrators attending it, with a sustained focus on devising strategies and styles to solve them” .

Code of Conduct :

In every service there are certain rules of conduct which must be strictly followed by every member of the service. Failure to follow the code of conduct or rule will create an atmosphere or chaos in the organisation. In the vast field of Indian civil service there is code of conduct. It is obligatory for everyone to follow the conduct.

These rules or codes are to be found in the All India Service (Conduct) Rules 1958. One such rule is —Every member of the service shall maintain integrity and devotion to duty. The two words integrity and devotion are significant. A public servant must take his job seriously are do the allotted duty with all seriousness.

There is another code which is stated in Rule 4: It is, employment of near relatives in firms enjoying government patronage is forbidden. In other words, the son, daughter, wife or any other near relative of a government officer will not accept any offer of employment in a firm which is getting patronage of the government. The government officers are prevented from accepting any gifts or subscriptions from any firm or organisation or person. Even the family members of the officer cannot accept gifts.

The government officers are not allowed to be involved either directly or indirectly in any business or trade or they are not allowed to get any job in private firms. If they desire to have a job in any other organisation, they will have to seek permission from the highest authority. There are also numerous other rules which the government officers must follow. There is also a provision or rule that every member of the service must submit a list of his movable and immovable property and the same of the other members of his family.

Neutrality of Bureaucracy:

Max Weber, almost a century ago, recommended that the first and most important quality of bureaucracy would be neutrality, and since then, the top theoreticians of public administration have been arguing that the bureaucrats should be neutral. Particularly, in a party government, the neutrality is considered as essential. It is because in parliamentary system one party goes and another party comes to power and in such a situation the bureaucrats are required to change their loyalty.

The public administrationists are of the view that in such a situation the best possible way for bureaucrats is they must maintain neutrality. Whatever may be the colour and ideology of the party government the bureaucracy will always remain neutral. It will serve its present master in the same way as it served the past master. Here master implies political executive or head. It is the central idea of the term neutrality.

Neutrality of bureaucrats has also been explained to mean the following:

(a) No member of the civil service can be associated with any political party or to be its member.

(b) A bureaucrat has no scope to subscribe to any party fund or to contribute to election. He cannot campaign for any party and openly support the party. He, of course, has the right to vote.

(d) A bureaucrat cannot use the print or electronic media for the ventilation of his views regarding the functioning or behaviour of any political party.

(e) After general election a new party comes to power. The bureaucrat will receive his new head as he did earlier. The change of persons will make no difference the bureaucrat. It has been said by many that in India the neutrality of civil service is quite prominent than many other countries. These are the various aspects of political neutrality of bureaucrats.

But some people have questioned the concept of neutrality. To be frank, can an educated and reasonable man be neutral in absolute sense? Apparently he may be neutral but in clandestine way be may support and give financial help and in that case nobody can prevent him. Once a great politician of erstwhile Soviet Union said an educated and reasonable man can never be neutral in the strict sense of the term. We hold the same view.

Hence the idea of neutrality is a misleading concept. In India we are facing a peculiar situation so far as neutrality is concerned. Many top civil servants, after retirement, join political parties and contest elections. This obviously indicates that the person, while in service, had clandestine support or sympathy for that party. There is no guarantee that he did not show any favour to the party while he was in service or in power.

In some countries the idea of neutrality has been viewed from different perspective. For example, in all socialist countries it is openly said that the bureaucrats must show undiluted support to the Marxist-Leninist philosophy and they must discharge their duties to spread this ideology and strengthen its foundation. Not only this, they should disdain all other political ideology opposing to Marxism-Leninist. In all socialist states the neutrality of the civil servants is never accepted as a principle.

A former Russian (when Russia was a socialist plate) politician and communist party’s leader said the idea of neutrality has no place in socialism. Rather everyone must show his support to socialism and work for it. In mature capitalist state, e.g., USA, there is hardly any controversy between neutrality and non-neutrality. All top bureaucrats and public administrationists are supporters of capitalism and all of them are dedicated souls for the propagation of capitalism and strengthening its foundation.

Let us take the case of India. In the 1960s the idea of neutrality was faced with criticism from the All India Congress Party. Indira Gandhi and several other top leaders of the party directly questioned the neutrality of the bureaucrats because it was thought that the bureaucracy —modelled in British style —was the stumbling block on the implementation of progressive measures. Many Congress leaders (including Indira Gandhi and her close aids) thought that most of the bureaucrats showed their utmost apathy to most of the progressive measures.

Indira Gandhi once raised the question —”Who would think and see that certain things which are necessary for our progress are implemented property” .This is a pertinent question raised by Smt. Gandhi. It is the function of political leaders to make proposals for development and the duty of the civil servants implement them. But if the civil service in the name of neutrality or any other issue stalls the implementation of the proposals raised by the political executive, then the progress of the country will be seriously affected. In this background many persons question the time- old issue of neutrality.

So far as the issues of neutrality and progress are concerned who will decide the final issue? In the name of neutrality progress-cannot be scarified. It means that the so-called neutrality of civil service, if it stands on the way of national progress, cannot be given priority at all.

The All India Congress Committee held in Delhi on December 1, 1969 made the following complaint: “The present bureaucracy under the orthodox and conservative leadership of the Indian Civil Service with its upper class prejudices, can hardly be expected to meet the requirement of social and economic change along socialist lines.

The creation of an administrative cadre committed to national objectives and responsive to our social needs is an urgent necessity”. The implication is as clear as broad daylight. Indira Gandhi and her party wanted a committed bureaucracy which means the neutrality of bureaucracy is to be sacrificed.

From the standpoints of Indira Gandhi and her party the idea of committed bureaucracy is perfectly right. But we are to view from a broader perspective. A committed bureaucracy may be salubrious in a particular situation but from the general standpoint it is not an acceptable solution. The leaders of a party decided everything from the background of their party but that may not be good for the whole nation. To view everything, neutrally is essential. Progress is, to some extent, a political issue, but it is not political from top to bottom.

The concept of progress and other related matters are required to be viewed impartially Particularly, in a party government, progress is coloured by the party ideology. When a new party comes to power the concept of progress, the previous party government held, is bound to change. Naturally we are of opinion that though everyone needs change, it to essential that it is essential to be considered neutrally and only the bureaucrats can do the job.

What is the solution? As far as possible the bureaucracy must be neutral and this neutrality must always relate to the national progress, security and welfare of the people. That is, if any progress appear to challenge that the bureaucracy must raise its voice. But when the policy and programmes of a party in power are about to hinder the national progress and security of the nation the bureaucracy must bring it to, the notice of the general public.

It is true that many top bureaucrats come from the affluent section of the society and because of their background they support a class to which they belong. But a recent study reveals that many civil servants belong to middle class and this class background has cast an impact upon their behaviour and administrative functions.

A bureaucrat must be well-acquainted with the social, economic, political conditions of India and needs of the people. In this general background a civil servant must try to run the administration. He must have his own view, but to him the needs of the nation are more important. To the greater interests of the nation the civil servants will sacrifice his own view and ideology. This is, a new- interpretation of political neutrality.

India is a multiparty state and each party has its own programme and ideology. But still there are certain fields on which almost all the major parties agree. A bureaucrat ought to be well-acquainted with it and whenever a policy is going to be made he must see that the policy must be supported by the national consensus. When a particular policy is going to contradict the national interest or national consensus the bureaucracy must point it out. The concept of political neutrality should be interpreted in this way.

The policy of the government must be stated in unambiguous terms and it must be circulated among the civil servants. If necessary their considered opinion must be sought. After a thorough discussion attempts shall be made to “reach a general consensus. After this the policy should be ready for implementation. If this democratic process is adopted the management of public administration should be smooth and the question of political neutrality of bureaucracy will not make any complicated issue.

The issue of neutrality is required to be viewed still from another angle. If the question of neutrality is challenged and if it is said that the civil servants must two the line of political executives and they will have no freedom to express their views, then they will be denied their right to express opinion. This is a clear abnegation of right and no sensible authority can do this.

A civil servant is, after all, an educated person and he has overcome a number of hurdles to reach the stage of an administrator. It is a gross injustice to deprive a man of expressing his considered opinion. A clear line of difference must be drawn between the expression of opinion and to criticise and challenge the policy of the political executive. Our point is that the bureaucrat will have freedom to express his opinion but once the policy has been taken or adopted at the highest level he must accept it and must do everything to make it a grand success.

The civil servants must be well-acquainted with the vexed issue of neutrality. What is exactly meant by neutrality? How far can a civil servant be neutral? Should he be allowed to express his opinion on each and every issue? There are also many other questions. Two things are to be noted here. One is an intelligent bureaucrat should and must know how far to go.

That is, to what extent he should oppose the view of his political master. The other is, he must accept that his political master is the final authority. It may be that his political master is wrong and he is right. But, in democracy, political master’s is the final voice. Finally, I say that the bureaucracy should be trained in this way.

Control over Bureaucracy:

Bureaucracy is an indispensable part of modern administrative system and in this sense we cannot think of public administration without bureaucracy. Thinking in this line Ball and Peters have aptly remarked: “The need for controlling bureaucratic discretion and power is apparent in every political system” This observation of Ball and Peters also holds good for India. It is because India is a liberal democratic country and multiparty state. After general election a new government is formed and though political executives change, the civil servants remain almost same.

This continuity in service and indispensability in administration create opportunities for civil servants to indulge in high-handedness and other anti-people activities. For this reason the control of bureaucracy or to keep a vigil on bureaucrats has arisen. In other words, it is said that the civil servants will be allowed to perform their duties but they shall not be allowed to cross the Lakshman Rekha which is generally interpreted as control of bureaucracy or to make it accountable to the public.

There are several processes of control of bureaucracy and we shall discuss them:

(1) A very important agency of controlling bureaucracy is control by legislature or legislative control. In parliamentary form of government the legislature enjoys enormous powers. The council of ministers is responsible to the legislature and because of this the members can ask questions to ministers regarding the functions of bureaucracy or the lapses of any particular department or the wrongdoing of any bureaucrat.

Again, the legislatures can raise motions, can pass resolutions about the functions of civil servants. The legislature may adopt resolution about bureaucracy, can initiate discussion and start debate. In these ways the legislature can control the bureaucracy. The members of the legislature can criticise a minister for the failure of his ministry to fulfill the basic necessities of people. But since a minister is not directly responsible for the non-implementation of any policy, he has power to call for explanation from his department.

The bureaucracy in India is again controlled by the legislature in another way. It is a general practice that, in every financial year, a budget is placed by the finance minister to the legislature and the civil servants are to act in accordance with the budgetary provisions. The bureaucracy has no power to violate the rules or go beyond the budgetary provisions.

(2) There is another type of control and it is the control of the executive. The ministers are the heads of various administrative departments and they are generally the chief policy-makers. It is true that the ministers take decisions in consultation with the departmental heads or top civil servants. But it is the responsibility of the minister to decide the matter. It is within the jurisdiction of a minister to accept or reject the suggestion or advice of the bureaucrat.

In a system of party government the ministers are accountable to the electorate and, for that reason, the opinion of the minister is supposed to get priority. The minister has full freedom to organise -or reorganise the department according to his own principle or policy of the party. An efficient minister keeps the entire department under his full control. If he rejects the opinion of his departmental head the latter will have no reason to grumble.

The ministers have also power to transfer departmental officers or adopt any other matter if they are not satisfied with their services or behaviour. This is an important weapon to control the bureaucrats. In every administration a department is divided into several sections and the exact type of relation shall be decided by the minister. In the public administration a department cannot take an important decision without the consent of the minister.

Both the ministers and civil servants combinedly constitute the executive. But-there is always a priority of the ministers. If any objection against a bureaucrat is raised it is the duty of the minister to investigate the charge in order to find out the truth. In conclusion, among all sorts of control over the bureaucracy, the executive control or the control of the departmental ministers is by for the most important and effective.

(3) Judicial department also controls the bureaucracy in India and it is called judicial control. The most important control of judiciary over civil service is the rule of law. It is the British system. There are two aspects of this concept. One is equality before law, and the other is equal protection of law. These two have been guaranteed by our Constitution. If the bureaucracy violates these two principles of rule of law the judiciary has full power to take necessary action against the errant officer or department.

In our country the Constitution is the supreme authority and if any of its provision is violated the judiciary has power to stall any executive action. Moreover, people have the right to move the court against any executive action that violates people’s rights. Moreover, if any executive procedure goes against public interest, the court is empowered to take appropriate measure. In this connection we can mention the public interest litigation.

This is an effective way controlling bureaucracy. A citizen can file a complaint against the government or civil servants in case of violation of rights and he can take appropriate steps. In both Supreme Court and High Courts the PIL (Public Interest Litigation) can be filed and in recent years the number of PILs is gradually increasing. The judiciary is also showing interest in the PIL.

This tendency of the judiciary in matters of PIL has been criticised by many as over-activism of judiciary. But we think that the judiciary is taking right steps and the approach of judiciary should be encouraged. In India there are Human Rights Commissions for both Centre and the states.

The commissions will see whether the human rights are violated. If any citizen complains that his fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution are violated by the executive, or human rights are breached, the Human Rights Commission can take action against erring person or authority.

There are also departmental control and self-control. Every department of public administration has certain departmental rules which are to be followed strictly. Any violation is to be followed by disciplinary action. This rule is an effective check upon the activities of the bureaucrats. For example, there are principles of secrecy, discipline, departmental autonomy etc.

These are to be observed strictly while running administration. The rules are not all. The bureaucrats are educated and a large section comes from higher strata of society. It is assumed that they will follow certain norms, discipline and moral and ethical values. It is supposed that they will not indulge in such practices that are not supported by moral and ethical standards. This is an important method of control.

The Government of India has a separate department—department of personnel. It frames rules for discipline which the civil servants must follow. It also decides the policy and principles of recruitment and promotion. This is an important way of controlling bureaucracy. If a civil servant does not behave properly or fails to show efficiency or other qualities his promotion may be stopped or any disciplinary action may be taken.

The personnel department also decides other matters in respect of service and the civil servants know that when these are followed or adopted that will lead to penalisation such as demotion, stopping of increment, transfer etc. The personnel department also frames some service rules for the bureaucrats which must be followed.

The public vigilance is also a way that controls the bureaucracy. In all democracies the bureaucracy is accountable or is supposed to be accountable. Any negligence of duty or violation of rules and regulation is strongly opposed by the vigilant public. There is an old and common saying —eternal vigilance is the price of liberty. An educated, politically conscious and vigilant public is perhaps the most effective and powerful control over civil servants.

Of course, for an effective public control over bureaucracy a large scale political socialisation is essential. People must be well-acquainted with the political culture, administration, purposes and principles of state administration. This acquaintance helps the general public to keep an eagle’s eye over the administration. This also requires that the foundation of democracy must be strong and widespread.

State Public Services Commissions in India
Major Administrative Reforms Made in India

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Civil service essay.

This example Civil Service Essay is published for educational and informational purposes only. If you need a custom essay or research paper on this topic please use our writing services. EssayEmpire.com offers reliable custom essay writing services that can help you to receive high grades and impress your professors with the quality of each essay or research paper you hand in.

Civil service systems are composed of individuals who attain their positions by virtue of their performance on competitive examinations or by holding of specific qualifications such as a bachelor’s degree. In contrast to elected officials who are expected to be policy advocates, civil servants are expected to embody expertise and neutral competence. Typical citizens rarely come into direct contact with their elected officials— one reason for this is the often brief tenure of these officials. In contrast, typical citizens have a good chance of frequently personally encountering the multitudes of civil servants who carry out government policies. Civil servants are present at the national, state, and local levels and may hold their positions for long periods of time. While the size of the U.S. civil service has been stable for the past fifty years, and has declined as a percentage of the total U.S. workforce, the growth of state and local civil service workforces has been steady.

Government service was originally understood to be the domain of the educated gentry. Then in 1829, with the age of President Andrew Jackson, as the U.S. government vastly expanded and political parties took their largely present-day composition, the spoils system flourished. In such a system, the supporters of the winning political party receive government jobs or other material rewards such as government contracts. Anyone could do a government job, so the reasoning went, and the United States should have a representative bureaucracy that mirrors the people it serves. Many a U.S. president has lamented the performance of individuals whom he put in office. Harlan Hahn wrote, “Several years after he left the presidency, William Howard Taft endorsed the familiar political maxim that the distribution of patronage often breeds ‘one ingrate and ten enemies’” (368).

The term civil service itself came into common usage in the United States following the assassination of President James Garfield by Charles Guiteau. Guiteau, a Stalwart Republican, was seeking a government post in Paris, and he believed that if he killed Garfield, a Mugwump Republican, Chester Arthur (Garfield’s successor and a fellow Stalwart) would appoint Guiteau to his desired position. Instead, Guiteau was executed for his offense, and the spoils system was condemned with the cry, “Spoils equals murder.” President Chester Arthur signed the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, which was authored by U.S. senator George H. Pendleton (D-Ohio). Three months later, Democratic governor Grover Cleveland of New York signed into law a bill authored by Republican representative Theodore Roosevelt, which established the first state civil service system. Roosevelt would go on to serve as a U.S. civil service commissioner from 1889 to 1895, his tenure overlapping with the second administration of President Grover Cleveland.

The enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, also known as the Pendleton Act, meant that loyalty to particular politicians or political parties would no longer be a prerequisite for government employment. The act prohibited mandatory campaign contributions and outlawed campaign and political party assessments of U.S. government employees. It established the bipartisan, three-member Civil Service Commission vested with rule–making and investigatory authority. Members required nomination by the president and confirmation by the U.S. Senate in order to serve. The legislation institutionalized the competitive entrance examination as the standard requirement for individuals who aspired to become government bureaucrats.

Competitive examinations for civil service positions also have a long history in China and Korea. The National Museum of Korea exhibits detailed elaborations on the nature of examinations that were administered more than a millennia ago. Indeed, opponents of Pendleton’s legislation denigrated its Chinese antecedents.

The civil service system has gradually expanded, in part because many presidents have converted political positions into civil service ones prior to leaving office. This ensures that officials whose policy views and implementation strategies reflect a president’s own preferences can exercise power potentially for years after an administration has ended. President Jimmy Carter, who had campaigned vigorously for the presidency on his record of executive branch reorganization and innovation during his tenure as governor of Georgia, brought major changes to the civil service with his signing of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. This act abolished the Civil Service Commission and replaced it with the Office of Personnel Management and the Merit System Protection Board. It also established the Senior Executive Service in order to reward outstanding performance and facilitate appropriate lateral transfers between agencies. The Office of Personnel Management is tasked with recruiting the most capable person for each position, while the Merit System Protection Board protects the due process rights of government employees.

The Hatch Act, passed in 1939, placed limitations on the political activities of U.S. civil servants. The following year, further legislation extended these prohibitions to many state and local government employees whose agencies were recipients of federal grants-in-aid. Proponents of the Hatch Acts argue that these limitations promote the ideal of a neutral bureaucracy, whose employees are not subject to manipulation by public officeholders. Those opposed to the Hatch Acts counter that one should not have to surrender fundamental rights of citizenship in order to be a civil servant.

A major contemporary issue concerning the civil service is the extent to which it should be supplanted in favor of contracting out government services to private entities. Proponents of the increased contracting of government services typically tout its efficiency, while its opponents are skeptical about such purported savings and decry the reduced accountability that this practice fosters.

Bibliography:

Alexander, Herbert E. Financing Politics: Money, Elections, and Political Reform, 3rd ed.Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 1984.
Berman, Evan M., James S. Bowman, Jonathan P. West, and Montgomery Van Wart. Human Resource Management in Public Service: Paradoxes, Processes, and Problems, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2010.
Hahn, Harlan. 1966. “President Taft and the Discipline of Patronage.” Journal of Politics 20, no. 2 (1966): 368–390.
Rosenbloom, David H., Robert S. Kravchuk, and Richard M. Clerkin. Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector, 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009.
Taft,William Howard. Our Chief Magistrate and His Powers. New York: Columbia University Press, 1925.
Theriault, Sean M. “Patronage, the Pendleton Act, and the Power of the People.” Journal of Politics 65, no. 1 (2003): 50–68.
S. Office of Personnel Management. Biography of an Ideal: A History of the Federal Civil Service. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2003.
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Civil Service Exam Practice Test

Prepare for your test with realistic questions.

If you want to work in a civil service job, chances are you’ll be asked to take a Civil Service Exam. A Civil Service exam is used by certain job classifications to test a candidate’s skills for specific positions.

The test is utilized at every level of government—local, state, federal—so the exam structure will differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. It’s an important test that requires preparation and an excellent study tool to help candidates prepare.

Click “Start Test” above to start your free Civil Service practice test!

About the Civil Service Exam

Civil service, a term dating back to the 19th century, refers to professional jobs that are required to properly run and maintain a government’s policies and programs.

The US federal civil service system began in 1871, and workers were hired based on a merit-based system. As the civil service system grew and was modified, the Civil Service exam became a mandatory assessment for every person applying for a civil service position, particularly if the position was directly government-related.

In 1978, it was decided that specific exams should be created and administered for each civil service job, which is how the system operates today.

What’s on the Civil Service Exam?

That will vary, depending on the position you apply for. Air traffic controllers, for example, have stiff education and training requirements in addition to the test. Here are some other examples:

The United States Post Office exam focuses, in part, on address-related issues, such as whether a candidate can determine if two addresses are identical. Candidates are tested on address checking, forms completion, coding, memory, and inventory of personal experience and characteristics.
Clerical exams focus on grammar, vocabulary, spelling, word relationships, and reading. You’ll likely see problem-solving questions that include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. You may be presented with a group of words and asked which one is spelled correctly. You’ll also likely find questions that will ask you to identify sentences that contain proper grammar.

In short, each test measures an applicant’s strengths based on the job they’re applying for.

Check Out Mometrix's Civil Service Printed Study Guide

Get practice questions, video tutorials, and detailed study lessons

Study for the Civil Service Exam the Right Way

How to study effectively.

Your success on test day depends not only on how many hours you put into preparing but also on whether you prepared the right way. It’s good to check along the way to see whether your studying is paying off. There are numerous Civil Service practice methods to choose from, but one of the most effective is taking Civil Service practice tests like the one above to evaluate your progress.

Practice tests are useful because they show exactly where you need to improve. Every time you take a Civil Service practice test, pay special attention to these three groups of questions:

The Civil Service questions you got wrong
The ones you had to guess on, even if you guessed right
The ones you found difficult or slow to work through

This will show you exactly what your weak areas are, and where you need to devote more study time.

Ask yourself why each of these questions gave you trouble. Was it because you didn’t understand the material? Was it because you didn’t remember the vocabulary? Do you need more repetitions on this type of question to build speed and confidence?

Dig into those questions and figure out how you can strengthen your weak areas as you go back to review the material.

Answer Explanations

Many Civil Service practice tests have a section explaining the answer choices. It can be tempting to read the explanation and think that you now have a good understanding of the concept. However, an explanation likely only covers part of the question’s broader context. Even if the explanation makes sense, go back and investigate every concept related to the question until you’re positive you have a thorough understanding.

Comprehend Each Topic

As you go along, keep in mind that the Civil Service practice test is simply practice. Memorizing these questions and answers will not be very helpful on the actual test because it is unlikely to have any of the same questions.

If you only know the right answers to the sample questions, you won’t be prepared for the real thing. Study the concepts until you understand them fully, and then you’ll be able to answer any question that shows up on the test.

Strategy for Civil Service Practice

When you’re ready to start taking practice tests, follow this strategy:

Remove Limitations. Take the first test with no time constraints and with your notes and Civil Service study guide handy. Take your time and focus on applying the strategies you’ve learned.
Time Yourself. Take the second practice test “open book” as well, but set a timer and practice pacing yourself to finish in time.
Simulate Test Day. Take any other practice tests as if it were test day. Set a timer and put away your study materials. Sit at a table or desk in a quiet room, imagine yourself at the testing center, and answer questions as quickly and accurately as possible.
Keep Practicing. Keep taking practice tests on a regular basis until you run out of practice tests or it’s time for the actual test. Your mind will be ready for the schedule and stress of test day, and you’ll be able to focus on recalling the material you’ve learned.

What are the civil services?

Civil service employees work for a government department or agency in the public sector. Civil service does not include the military, judicial branches, or elected officials.

What jobs are likely to require a civil service exam?

Here are some examples of civil service jobs:

Air Traffic Control Agent
Customs and Border Patrol
FBI Intelligence Analyst
Police Officer
Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Worker
USPS Worker
911 Dispatcher

Does a town comptroller require a Civil Service exam?

If you are pursuing a job as a town comptroller, you will generally need to take a Civil Service exam. Check with your local government officials to procure more details.

How long do civil service tests take?

It depends on the test, but you can expect the exam to last at least 2-3 hours.

When can I take a civil service test?

Some exams are available on a continual basis, while others have specific test dates.

Where will I take a civil service test?

Some jurisdictions will allow candidates to take the test online. Others require candidates to take the test in person.

If I do well on the test, does that guarantee I’ll get the job?

No. The test can be just one part of the application process. Some jobs may also have training, experience, educational or other requirements. Firefighters, for example, may have to meet minimum requirements for the amount of weight they can lift. Police officers may have to meet certain minimum physical fitness requirements. It’s always best to check with your local jurisdiction for the specifics.

What are the passing scores?

That varies as well. Candidates who take the clerical Civil Service exam, for example, must score at least 33 on the verbal abilities test portion, and a combined minimum score on the clerical and verbal portions of 80.

Is there a fee to take the Civil Service Exam?

Yes, and that fee is set by each jurisdiction. Fees could include a test fee and/or a filing fee.

I’m a veteran. What programs are available to me?

Veterans can receive preference points and may be eligible for the Veteran’s Recruitment Appointment Rule. Veterans who meet certain criteria can have an additional five or 10 points added to their final Civil Service Exam passing score. Under the Veteran’s Recruitment Appointment Rule, veterans can be appointed to white collar posts without competing with other applicants.

What’s the best study tool I can get?

There’s a lot of information for anyone who wants to be a civil servant to consider. That’s why Mometrix has created study tools to help you prepare for this important exam. Remember, this is your career we’re taking about, and you need the best. Our Civil Service Exam study guide walks you through the questions you’ll likely see on the exam, and offers test taking tips. The best way not to get overwhelmed is to get these study materials.

By Peter Rench

Peter Rench joined Mometrix in 2009 and serves as Vice President of Product Development, responsible for overseeing all new product development and quality improvements. Mr. Rench, a National Merit Scholar, graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering and a minor in mathematics from Texas A&M University.

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Essay: Civil Service Reform: Methods and Practices

April 28, 2022
Chronicle of the reform, from the initial stage of investigation and diagnosis to the recommendation, design, and implementation of the pilot plan of the reform and the planning for a broader implementation
Restructuring and modernizing the organizational structures of the agencies of the Government of Puerto Rico
Compensation benchmarking methodology to ensure competitive, fair, and justified salaries in the government

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Civil Service System, Essay Example

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While many safeguards for the civil service system are implemented on a state level, there are several nationwide safeguards that are implemented to uphold the values of the system and to ensure the regulation of these civil service units in a manner that prevents bias from being implemented on the behalf of politicians. Implementing such regulations serves as a part of the checks and balances system that comprises an essential component of governance in the United States (Kettl, 2002). Government agencies therefore take direction from the people and their states, in the form of a top-down model, in which agency workers receive orders from their respective superiors. It is important to consider that while such safeguards are in place, they are occasionally effective, while in other instances, changes to this system are desirable.

One of the major safeguards that have been implemented as a component of the civil service system is the initiation of the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) in 1979 to protect civil service agencies from corruption and undue influence at the hands of politicians (Berry, 2013). An interesting dilemma related to this issue is giving employees fair employment rights under the law. While there is a great extent of worker’s law in place at the federal and state level, government employees are more likely to face retribution from their employers and government officials for their actions. Thus, it is plausible that the MSPB was established because it provides workers with the right to a hearing within 30 days of their termination or suspension to determine whether there was just cause. Because government employees in the civil service system can plausibly take ethical actions that are against the wishes and intensions of politicians, it is valuable to have a system in place that evaluates the validity of such decisions.

Theorists claim that the civil service system was initially meant to operate like a machine. Politicians would collaborate to refine the responsibilities of civil service leaders, who would in turn take action to ensure that their subordinates are playing an acceptable role in their organization. Such as system had been in place since World War II because this chain of command contributes to a greater degree of efficiency. However, the MSPB was put in place to ensure that the politicians would also be held accountable for the work performed within these institutions, in addition to ensuring that higher level civil service managers would be held accountable. A timely example of the need for accountability occurred when county clerk Kim Davis from Rowan County, Kentucky refused to issue licenses to individuals to certify their gay marriages because such an action was against her personal beliefs (Menvile, 2014). However, since the Supreme Court, an additional check on the legal system, politicians, and civil servants, stated that the right to gay marriage is legally upheld by the Constitution and it is therefore necessary for her to issue these marriage licenses according to her job description under the capacity of the law. Since she initially refused to follow this legislation, she was imprisoned for contempt of court, and action was taken against her until she agreed to comply to her job requirements. This situation demonstrates that expectations are put in place for the ethical action of both civil servants and politicians. When individuals in each role function effectively, the civil service system in the country is able to work effectively as well.

To ensure that citizens have influence on the civil service system, some civil service leadership positions must be decided upon by issuing a local election. In this manner, there is a democratic choice involved in the selection, so the selected candidate is reflective of the wishes of the people. In reality, however, this safeguard is not highly effective (Butler, 2007). Many local candidates run unopposed because people are simply unaware of this policy. Furthermore, votes tend to be uninformed about the reach that their civil servants can have on their community, and are therefore more likely to vote according to party lines without giving extensive thought to the candidates or the type of job that they will do once elected. Overall, this demonstrates that it would be beneficial to bring more awareness to this system to ensure that democratic principles are truly carried out.

Many criticisms of safeguards that have been imposed to protect civil servants reflect the concept that the Merit Systems Protection Board is able to go beyond its delegated responsibilities in some instances. This organization has made it too challenging for ineffective civil service workers to be released from their positions. Even when these individuals are in clear repeated violation of policies that would result in immediate termination in other job positions, when cases go to hearing, the MSPB is able to provide job protection to these individuals (White 1995). According to the Partnership for Public Service, “ There is no question that taxpayers are losing hundreds of millions of dollars, in a conservative estimate. They are losing more than that because they are losing the ability to get the very best out of government” (CBS News, 2015). It is important to consider that it is challenging to constantly allow for poor worker performance because this is equivalent to waste in the federal and state government budgets. Thus, it is troubling that even when these employees are terminated for just cause, the system is now in existence in a manner that goes beyond defending the rights of workers and giving them more power to do as they choose without requiring them to be subject to regulation. As a consequence, this is one contributing factor to government corruption.

The civil service merit system improved under the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, which was created “…to provide the people of the United States with a competent, honest, and productive workforce…and to improve the quality of public service, Federal personnel management should be implemented consistent with merit system principles” (OPM, n.d.). Five components of effective management are implemented in order to ensure that civil service agencies operate efficiently. These principles include “planning, monitoring, developing, appraising, and rewarding” and are meant to “reinforce and are directly supported by some key merit system principles highlighted below” (OPM, n.d.). The purpose of safeguards was initially to uphold these values in the workplace. However, they are inconsistently utilized based on the preferences of individual management teams and are therefore generally ineffective. To ensure that such merit systems are able to work effectively, it is beneficial to standardize expectations across agencies and to provide additional oversight requirements to safeguard agencies such as the MSBP.

Overall, it is apparent that the civil service system would be more effective by implementing change that ensures more worker accountability. While there is an apparent need to protect workers in the system against the biased wishes of politicians, it is also beneficial to refine the system in a manner that does not make releasing employees from service an impossibility. The civil service system in the United States will only continue to be effective if it employs individuals that are willing and able to uphold their job responsibilities without influence from politicians. It is therefore necessary to refine the system in the manner that continues to provide workers who have been released with hearings, but this agency needs to be less biased and consider present evidence. When an action is undeniably the employee’s fault, they should be released from service. Meanwhile, if a politician intervenes negatively with the duties of civil service professionals, there should be negative recourse in place for this individual as well. However, it is only likely that changes will occur to this system if politicians are findings it to be overwhelmingly against their favor. Those who wish to refine the use of the budget may act to overhaul the system, but some politicians will continue to benefit from the continued employment of certain individuals, and therefore not take the necessary action. Thus, in order for reasonable change to occur, it is likely that the intervention of the Supreme Court is necessary. Since they have the ability to overturn the decisions of the MSBP if they are repealed, they have potential for implementing new case law to direct the matter. However, if this is not brought to the attention of the court, it is unlikely that the current problems in the civil service system will be resolved.

Berry, JV. (2013). Completing and Submitting an MSPB Appeal. Retrieved from http://www.mspblawblog.com/2013/08/completing-and-submitting-an-mspb-appeal.html

Butler, R. (2007). The Evolution of the Civil Service 2007

CBS News. (2015). Red tape keeps some bad gov’t workers from being fired. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/civil-servant-protection-system-could-keep-problematic- government-employees-from-being-fired/

Kettl, Donald F. (2002). The Transformation of Governance . Public Administration for the Twenty-first Century. Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press.

Menvile, S. (2014). Davis following her mother as county clerk. Retrieved from http://www.themoreheadnews.com/news/local_news/davis-following-her-mother-as- county-clerk/article_29982458-6689-11e4-ad6b-172bf9700635.html

OPM. (n.d.). Performance Management. Retrieved from https://www.opm.gov/policy-data- oversight/performance-management/reference-materials/more-topics/merit-system- principles-and-performance-management/

White, Leonard D. (1955). Introduction to the Study of Public Administration.

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Civil Service Reform in the United States

The civil service is vital for the activities of the government, and its reforms attract much attention and controversy. In the USA, this problem was especially acute at the turn of the 19-20 centuries. The dispute arose due to various views of politicians on the process of hiring employees. By the time parties developed and strengthened in the nineteenth century, loyalty to a particular political force influenced the service’s appointment. Although many reforms were implemented a long time ago, their long-term impact on civil service is still manifested.

Prerequisites for the emergence of the problem appeared during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Then, when appointing federal officials, he did not take into consideration candidates’ education and experience, attention was paid only to applicants’ party affiliation and political merits. This approach became popular among other presidents, and after coming to power, each fired almost all the officials appointed by his predecessor and put his associates in the vacant places.

This method of substitution was called the “spoils system” and was a form of patronage. It was also used by other persons with power, such as city mayors, state governors, and others. As a result of this appointment method, there was chaos due to the periodic change of staff. This state of affairs has created the degradation and decline of the entire system of public administration.

Due to such unrest, the country needed a useful public service. Rutherford Hayes started the reformation – becoming the president in 1876, he began to change the public service, appointing employees, not because of their political affiliation, but according to the results of exams (“Civil Service Reform,” n.d.). His activities were met with resistance but laid the foundation of severe changes. Thus, in 1883, the president Chester Arthur, who had previously been an opponent of reform, signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act and legitimized the appointment through merit and exams, and not political commitment (“Civil Service Reform,” n.d.). Public opinion on this issue was significantly influenced by the murder of President James Garfield by one of the candidates who did not receive an official position.

Another act reorganizing the civil service was adopted in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1978, President Carter’s administration adopted the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA). This reform changed the personnel regulation of federal employees. Its long-term impact is disputed, as critics believe that it has not changed anything. However, proponents of reform argue that it has reduced bureaucracy, abolished some discriminatory hiring practices, and affected global public administration systems.

Thus, it can be stated that the need for Civil Service Reform in the United States arose in response to the inadequate appointment of employees for civil service. When choosing a candidate for a responsible position, people with power – presidents, mayors, and others, selected in the first place, not the experienced and knowledgeable, but the faithful to a particular political force. The change of civil servants each time after the new president’s election became widespread for an extended period.

As a result, a constant shift in activity directions led to chaos in society. In the end, the government changed its approach and, with the help of the Pendleton Act 1883, legitimized people’s admission in accordance with their knowledge. The next law reforming the public service was the 1978 act, which affected the procedures for accepting people into the service, reducing bureaucracy and some discriminatory practices.

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How to Claim Your Part of a $45 Million Walmart Settlement

A class-action lawsuit accusing the retail giant of inflating prices of certain weighed foods and produce resulted in a settlement. Customers may be eligible for a payment of up to $500.

By Emmett Lindner

Some Walmart customers may be entitled to claim up to $500 as part of a $45 million settlement that the retail giant is paying to resolve a class-action lawsuit, according to a settlement administrator’s website .

The lawsuit, filed on Oct. 19, 2022, claimed that Walmart overcharged shoppers for in-store purchases of certain weighted grocery items, including poultry and pork, and for bagged citrus. The lawsuit accuses the company of “unfair and deceptive business practices” that resulted in higher costs than what were advertised, according to court documents .

The lawsuit alleges that Walmart falsely inflated product weight, mislabeled products and overcharged for clearance products sold by weight.

The retail giant has denied the allegations, but it agreed to the settlement. “We believe a settlement is in the best interest of both parties,” a Walmart spokeswoman said in a statement.

Think you’re eligible? Here’s what to know:

Walmart is accused of overcharging for some weighted items.

The lawsuit claims that Walmart overcharged for certain items. Prices for weighted products, including meat, poultry, pork and seafood, sometimes differed between the item labels and the labels on the shelves, and customers were charged for the higher prices at checkout, according to the settlement.

Other grocery descriptions are said to have been distorted, too. Some bagged citrus products, including navel oranges, organic oranges, organic grapefruit and tangerines, were labeled with a weight that was lower than what appeared on the shelf tags, and customers were charged for a heavier weight of the products than what they took home.

The lawsuit also included some weighted goods that were near expiration, and displayed a price that was lower than what appeared on the register.

How do I find out if I’m eligible for a payment?

Any customers who shopped in a store at a Walmart retail location in the United States and Puerto Rico between Oct. 19, 2018, and Jan. 19, 2024, and purchased the included weighted goods or bagged citrus can apply for a settlement payment through the administrator’s website or by mail.

The deadline to submit any claim is June 5, 2024.

How do I apply, and how much should I expect?

To apply, either fill out the online form on the administrator’s website , or download a form to print and send by mail to an address provided on the form. The form requires claimants to submit contact information, describe the type and number of items purchased, and select a payment option, and gives them the opportunity to upload receipts.

The amount that claimants receive, if approved, can vary. With proof of purchase, shoppers can take home up to 2 percent of the total amount they paid for weighted goods and bagged citrus, with a cap of $500.

I don’t keep grocery receipts from five years ago …

Fear not, you may still receive a little cash, though less than the $500 cap. If you submit a claim without documentation, you can receive between $10 and $25 , depending on the number of relevant items purchased.

When will I find out if I’m approved?

The final approval hearing is scheduled for June 12, 2024. If you qualify for a payment, money will be transferred to you electronically, or by check if requested. The deadline to object or comment on the settlement is May 22, 2024.

Emmett Lindner writes about breaking and trending news. He has written about international protests, climate change and social media influencers. More about Emmett Lindner

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