global warming assignment in english pdf

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Climate change

In this integrated skills lesson, students will work on the topic of climate change, particularly considering how it affects the lives of inhabitants of a low-lying island in the Pacific.

Introduction

In this lesson for teenagers and adults, students will discuss the topic of climate change, use expressions to make predictions and write a summary, watch a short video and answer questions, then consider and discuss how climate change has affected where they live, and how it may affect where they live in the future.

The lesson has been designed to be used in classrooms with an internet connection and facilities for viewing video, and also classrooms without these facilities.

• To develop integrated skills: listening and speaking and writing around the topic of climate change
• To develop skills for predicting and summarising audiovisual content

Age group :

Teenagers and adult learners

CEFR B2 and above (the lesson could also be used with students who have a strong intermediate level)

Option A (watching the video in the classroom)

60-75 minutes

Option B (students watching the video at home)

15 - 20 minutes in first lesson

30 - 40 minutes homework

20 - 30 minutes in second lesson

Materials :

The teacher's notes and student worksheets are available to download in PDF format below

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Global Warming Causes and Effects GO -->

Global warming, introduction.

Global warming is the increase of average world temperatures as a result of what is known as the greenhouse effect. 

• Other Greenhouse Gases
• Feedback Process
• What can be Done?

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Essay on Global Warming – Causes and Solutions

500+ words essay on global warming.

Global Warming is a term almost everyone is familiar with. But, its meaning is still not clear to most of us. So, Global warming refers to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere of the Earth. There are various activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature gradually. Global warming is melting our ice glaciers rapidly. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as humans. It is quite challenging to control global warming; however, it is not unmanageable. The first step in solving any problem is identifying the cause of the problem. Therefore, we need to first understand the causes of global warming that will help us proceed further in solving it. In this essay on Global Warming, we will see the causes and solutions of Global Warming.

Causes of Global Warming

Global warming has become a grave problem which needs undivided attention. It is not happening because of a single cause but several causes. These causes are both natural as well as manmade. The natural causes include the release of greenhouses gases which are not able to escape from earth, causing the temperature to increase.

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Further, volcanic eruptions are also responsible for global warming. That is to say, these eruptions release tons of carbon dioxide which contributes to global warming. Similarly, methane is also one big issue responsible for global warming.

So, when one of the biggest sources of absorption of carbon dioxide will only disappear, there will be nothing left to regulate the gas. Thus, it will result in global warming. Steps must be taken immediately to stop global warming and make the earth better again.

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Global Warming Solutions

As stated earlier, it might be challenging but it is not entirely impossible. Global warming can be stopped when combined efforts are put in. For that, individuals and governments, both have to take steps towards achieving it. We must begin with the reduction of greenhouse gas.

Furthermore, they need to monitor the consumption of gasoline. Switch to a hybrid car and reduce the release of carbon dioxide. Moreover, citizens can choose public transport or carpool together. Subsequently, recycling must also be encouraged.

Read Global Warming Speech here

For instance, when you go shopping, carry your own cloth bag. Another step you can take is to limit the use of electricity which will prevent the release of carbon dioxide. On the government’s part, they must regulate industrial waste and ban them from emitting harmful gases in the air. Deforestation must be stopped immediately and planting of trees must be encouraged.

In short, all of us must realize the fact that our earth is not well. It needs to treatment and we can help it heal. The present generation must take up the responsibility of stopping global warming in order to prevent the suffering of future generations. Therefore, every little step, no matter how small carries a lot of weight and is quite significant in stopping global warming.

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FAQs on Global Warming

Q.1 List the causes of Global Warming.

A.1 There are various causes of global warming both natural and manmade. The natural one includes a greenhouse gas, volcanic eruption, methane gas and more. Next up, manmade causes are deforestation, mining, cattle rearing, fossil fuel burning and more.

Q.2 How can one stop Global Warming?

A.2 Global warming can be stopped by a joint effort by the individuals and the government. Deforestation must be banned and trees should be planted more. The use of automobiles must be limited and recycling must be encouraged.

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ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Global warming.

The causes, effects, and complexities of global warming are important to understand so that we can fight for the health of our planet.

Earth Science, Climatology

Tennessee Power Plant

Ash spews from a coal-fueled power plant in New Johnsonville, Tennessee, United States.

Photograph by Emory Kristof/ National Geographic

Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet’s overall temperature. Though this warming trend has been going on for a long time, its pace has significantly increased in the last hundred years due to the burning of fossil fuels . As the human population has increased, so has the volume of fossil fuels burned. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and burning them causes what is known as the “greenhouse effect” in Earth’s atmosphere.

The greenhouse effect is when the sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space. Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere. These greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide , chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor , methane , and nitrous oxide . The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise overtime, otherwise known as global warming.

Global warming has presented another issue called climate change. Sometimes these phrases are used interchangeably, however, they are different. Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world. It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and melting ice sheets and glaciers . Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on Earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather. Scientists continue to study global warming and its impact on Earth.

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Global Warming

What have we done to the world.

The phenomenon of rising average air temperatures close to the surface of the Earth over the previous one to two centuries is known as global warming. Since the middle of the 20th century, climate scientists have accumulated extensive data on a variety of weather events, including temperatures, precipitation, and storms, as well as on factors that have an impact on climates, such as ocean currents and the chemical makeup of the atmosphere. These findings show that Earth's climate has changed on practically every possible period since the beginning of geologic time and that human activities have increasingly affected the pace and scope of current climate change since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

Causes of Global Warming

Green house effect.

The Earth's average surface temperature is maintained through maintaining a balance between various forms of solar and terrestrial radiation. Solar radiation is frequently referred to as a ``shortwave" radiation because of its extraordinarily high frequencies and short wavelengths, which are close to the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Terrestrial radiation, on the other hand, is frequently referred to as "longwave" radiation due to the comparatively low frequencies and lengthy wavelengths—somewhere in the infrared region of the spectrum. Downward-moving solar energy is often measured in terms of Watts per square metre. At the top of the Earth's atmosphere, the "solar constant," or total solar radiation energy, is around 1,366 watts per square metre each year. The average annual surface insolation is 342 watts per square metre accounting for the fact that only 50% of the planet's surface is exposed to solar radiation.

The greenhouse effect adds to the complexity of Earth's energy balance. The so-called greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), are trace gases with certain chemical properties that absorb some of the infrared light emitted by the Earth's surface. A portion of the original 70 units do not directly escape to space because of this absorption. The net result of absorption by greenhouse gases is to increase the total amount of radiation emitted downward toward Earth's surface and lower atmosphere because greenhouse gases emit the due to the radiation's uniform distribution and the fact that they absorb the same amount of it in all directions (that is, as much downward as upward).

Radiative Forcing

The temperature of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere can be changed in three different ways, according to the greenhouse effect discussion above: (1) by a net increase in the solar radiation entering at the top of Earth's atmosphere, (2) by a change in the fraction of radiation reaching the surface, and (3) by a change in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Changes in any situation can be explained by "radiative forcing."

Influence Of Human Activity On Climate

By altering the ozone and aerosol concentrations as well as the surface of the Earth's land cover, humans also have an impact on the climate. Such as

Greenhouse Gases: emitting gases increase the amount of net downward longwave radiation that reaches the surface to warm the Earth's surface .

Water Vapor: it does not have a direct impact on global warming but causes climate change. As surface temperature rises, the rate of water evaporation from a surface increases. A higher quantity of water vapour, which can absorb longwave radiation and emit it downward, can be found in the lower atmosphere because of enhanced evaporation.

Carbon Dioxide: it has been produced by various sources from plants to animals Since the start of the industrial age, anthropogenic CO 2 emissions have caused an average radiative forcing of 1.66 watts per square metre.

Methane: The second-most significant greenhouse gas is methane (CH 4 ). Along with the Pleistocene ice age cycles, methane concentrations have also changed across a smaller range (between roughly 350 and 800 ppb) (see Natural influences on climate). Anthropogenic CH 4 emissions have a net radiative forcing of around 0.5 watt per square metre, or about one-third that of CO 2 .

Surface Level Ozone and Other Compounds : Surface, or low-level, ozone is the second-largest greenhouse gas (O 3 ). Air pollution is the cause of surface O 3 . The best estimates place the natural surface O3 content at 10 ppb, while the net radiative forcing brought on by anthropogenic surface O 3 emissions is roughly 0.35 watts per square metre. In cities that are prone to photochemical smog, ozone concentrations can approach harmful levels (conditions when concentrations meet or exceed 70 ppb for eight hours or longer).

Causes of Climate Change:

Under this head, the causes can be divided into two factors;

Global Warming: Is it a human-made cause?

Higher Levels of Deforestation:

Deforestation affects the release of aerosols and other chemical compounds that affect clouds and changes in wind patterns, causing a flux in precipitation levels. In basic terms, Trees and plants are responsible for being the primary source of oxygen. By taking the carbon dioxide in, they release oxygen in the air, thereby maintaining a state of ecological balance, causing lesser air pollution. Planned human activities like continued forest loss for industrial and commercial motives drive the increase in carbon dioxide concentrations. As we know, Carbon dioxide is one of the leading heat-trapping gases, mainly responsible for average warming and environmental imbalance over the past few decades.

Transportation and Use of Vehicles:

In this fast-paced world, people often use vehicles even for covering short distances. Gaseous emissions from cars and vehicles often drive temperature rise by trapping energy, which translates into heat. Such activities come under 'anthropogenic forcing,' i.e., human-influenced forces on the climate system. Continued transportation around congested areas contributes to air pollution, which eventually leads to increased global warming. According to IPCC reports, the transportation sector's contribution has grown by more than 50% since 1992 and continues to be one of the leading causes of global warming.

Emissions of Chlorofluorocarbons:

In today's state of successive climate imbalance and issues of global warming, we all know that human-made causes have very high tendencies towards rising global surface temperatures. Other factors that add up to the causes are widespread commercialization and increased use of technological appliances such as Air conditioners and refrigerators. The atmospheric ozone layer is responsible for protecting the Earth's temperature from the sun's harmful UV radiation. Such practices have added an extra layer of CFCs or Chlorofluorocarbons in the air, depleting the intensity of the ozone layer.

Emissions From Industries and Power Plants:

According to a report stated in 2018, some of the significant global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are almost equal to 52 billion tonnes of Carbon dioxide. Out of which 72% is released from industries and power plants. With the advent of industrialization, the rising usage of electricity and heat, global warming has increased to a great extent. The release of pollutants from these sources has a significant impact on the environment and disturbs the delicate balance of nature.

Agriculture and Land Surface Changes:

Frequent practices of agriculture take up almost 50% of the world's habitable land. Short term agricultural cultivation affects nearly 24% of the permanent land-use change. These activities also add up to the rise in temperature and GHG emissions from the land surface. The changes in land surface disturb the natural process of carbon storage and affect the reflection and absorption of sunlight heat. Soil erosion , Deforestation, and chemical fertilizers application lead to increased runoff that carries pollutants into water resources and eventually to the oceans.

Combustion of Fossil Fuels, Overpopulation:

Most of the heat-trapping emissions from burning coal, gas, and oil from industries and cars, along with widespread Deforestation and rising levels of black carbon pollution or 'soot' in the form of aerosols affecting Earth's albedo come under this type. Also, the primary gas causing Global warming is Carbon dioxide, which is influenced by rising overpopulation.

Natural Causes of Global Warming

Volcanic Eruptions: They constitute one of the significant natural causes affecting global warming because of the increased release of gases and smoke from the eruptions.

Natural Forest Fires: When significant scale vegetation burns, leading to forest blaze, there is a release of stored carbon and a rise in greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions further trap solar energy leading to Global warming.

Melting Permafrost and Glaciers: Towards the north and south poles of the planet, considerably large amounts of carbon are frozen in the form of permafrost. Disturbances such as solar activities, forest fires, volcanic eruptions can lead to the sudden release of GHGs and carbon sequestration into the atmosphere, giving way to ecological imbalances.

Solar Activities: Changes in solar irradiance in wavelengths and other variations such as solar flares or sunspots, if larger enough, could have an unprecedented impact over global warming and atmospheric temperatures.

Global Warming: Its Effects and Impacts

The major impacts of global warming include societal, economic, and health impacts. It can cause a lot of harm if it continues the same way as it is happening now. Here are its certain impacts:

Rise in Temperature Leading to Ice Melt: Melting glaciers and snow melts will cause severe water shortages and droughts with higher frequencies giving way to heatwaves and extreme weather conditions in the mid-latitudes. Thinning ice of the northern seas will make the atmospheric conditions vulnerable to control.

Ecological Risks: Global warming has contributed to the extension of drier climatic zones such as deserts in the subtropics. Mostly ecosystems and animal life will be affected by higher carbon dioxide levels and global temperatures leading to climate change, which will result in the extinction of many species and reduced ecological diversity.

The Threat to Marine Life: Global warming can lead to the destruction of marine and coral life underwater. Higher content of carbon dioxide in the water inflicts damage to valuable natural resources.

Loss of Settlements: Global warming can also lead to Inundation from sea level rise, which can further threaten infrastructure and establishments of human settlements. This severely leads to a decrease in the human population. Droughts, temperature rise, loss of glacial rivers puts the state of agriculture on ain the rampage.

Health Factors: There are various indirect effects such as malnutrition inflicted by crop failures. Scanty rainfall leading to desertification can also cause several diseases due to global warming.

Flooding in low-altitude regions: Rise in sea level and high flooding tendencies can damage human habitation and cause mass destruction.

Potential Effects of Global Warming

Various assumptions about projected rates of population growth , economic expansion, energy demand, technology improvement, climate mitigation, and other aspects are used to create the scenarios. Simulations of future climate change include patterns of warning It is anticipated that the area of the North Atlantic Ocean south of Greenland will only be slightly warm. It is predicted that this anomaly would develop as warm northward ocean currents diminish and the jet stream shifts, bringing cooler polar air masses to the area, precipitation pattern is anticipated that changes in precipitation patterns would increase the likelihood of both drought and flood conditions in many regions, regional predictions include Increased winter precipitation in the arid southwest of the United States could make the drought worse in places like South Africa, ice melt and sea level rise, ocean circulation changes and tropical cyclones.

Environmental Consequences of Global Warming

Biological systems may change because of climate change and global warming. More precisely, variations in near-surface air temperatures are anticipated to have an impact on ecosystem processes and, consequently, the diversity of plants, animals, and other life forms. Plant and animal species have developed their current geographic ranges because of adaptation to long-term seasonal climate patterns. If global average surface temperatures climb by another 1.5 to 2.5 °C (2.7 to 4.5 °F) by the year 2100, a significant portion of plant and animal species are anticipated to be in increased danger of extinction. For warming above 4.5 °C (8.1 °F), a level that could be attained in the IPCC's higher emissions scenarios, species loss estimates increase to as much as 40%. The food webs within ecosystems would certainly undergo significant alterations because of a 40% extinction rate, which would be detrimental to ecosystem function.

Surface warming in temperate regions is likely to affect a variety of seasonal processes, including changes to the timing of egg laying and hatching, earlier leaf production by trees, earlier vegetation greening, and changes to the seasonal migration patterns of birds, fish, and other migratory animals. Polar bears and walruses, two species that depend on broken sea ice for their hunting activities, are threatened by changes in the seasonal patterns of sea ice in high-latitude habitats. The populations of algae and plankton are likely to decrease or be redistributed in the high latitudes due to a combination of warming temperatures, a drop in sea ice, changes in ocean salinity, and changes in ocean circulation. According to the study, if surface warming rose to preindustrial levels of roughly 4.3 °C (7.7 °F), 16% of Earth's species would disappear.

Socioeconomics Consequences of Global Warming

Depending on how much the global temperature rises during the coming century increases, the socioeconomic effects of global warming may be significant. According to models, regions (especially the tropics and high latitudes) would suffer economic losses and other regions would profit economically from net global warming of 1 to 3 °C (1.8 to 5.4 °F) above the late 20th-century global average.

Interesting Facts

The world has had the maximum rise of CO 2 in 800,000 years.

The year 2017 was the second hottest year followed by 2014.

The US national park is only left with 26 glaciers out of 150.

Key Features

Earth's climate has changed since the beginning of geologic time and that human activities have increasingly affected the pace and scope of current climate change

The temperature of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere can be explained by radioactive force.

Greenhouse gas, water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane influence environmental change.

FAQs on Global Warming

1. What is the difference between Global warming and Climate Change?

The terms Global Warming and Climate Change are often used interchangeably, but there is a slight difference between the two. Global warming refers to the gradual increase of the average global temperature, while Climate Change refers to any significant change in the Earth's climate. So, Global warming can result in Climate Change, but not all cases of Climate Change are due to Global warming. Knowing about both of these is important in understanding the potential effects of climate change. One should know that Global Warming does not occur because of Climate Change. It occurs because of emissions. 

2. How will global warming impact the environment?

There are many ways in which global warming will impact the environment. Global warming will cause an increase in temperatures, which will lead to the melting of glaciers and ice caps. This will result in a rise in sea levels, which will flood low-lying areas and coastal towns. There will also be an increase in extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and typhoons and droughts and wildfires. Some of the most notable effects include:

Melting glaciers and ice caps

The extension of desert zones

Changes in rainfall patterns

The increased intensity of storms and hurricanes

The loss of plant and animal species

Each of these impacts will have serious consequences for both the environment and human society. 

3. What are the effects of global warming on health?

The effects of global warming on health are far-reaching, as they will influence a range of factors from malnutrition to flooding. The negative consequences of global warming on human society include:

Higher rates of heat stress and heat stroke due to warmer temperatures

Loss of food security for some countries due to temperature rise and desertification, which can lead to malnutrition

Higher rates of respiratory problems due to the extension of deserts and wildfires

Increased disease transmission due to insects moving towards higher altitudes

The effects on health are only expected to worsen if global warming continues without being addressed. As a result, it is important that we take steps to eliminate or at least reduce our impact on global warming. 

4. What is the main cause of global warming?

The main cause of global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane trap heat within the Earth's atmosphere rather than allowing it to escape into space. Human activities have been responsible for a steady increase in greenhouse gas emissions over recent decades, which has resulted in global warming. In order to prevent further warming, there must be a decrease in the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Vedantu has covered up all the questions which you can find in this article about global warming. So, now you don't need to wander here and there to get information about global warming. 

5. What are the effects of global warming on marine life?

The effects of global warming on marine life are already being felt, as warmer temperatures have led to the expansion of underwater deserts. As a result, there has been a decline in the populations of marine species and disruptions to their food chains. Coral reefs, in particular, are suffering from the effects of global warming, as they are being killed by warmer water temperatures and acidification. If global warming continues unchecked, it is feared that we could see a mass extinction of marine life. 

6. What is Global warming?

A consistent rise in surface temperatures, because of increased emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants leading to severe climate change is known as "Global warming". 

7. What are the leading issues of global warming?

A few common man-made causes include industrialization, use of vehicles, combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation, emission of CFCs etc. And natural causes include forest fires, melting glaciers leading to rise in sea level, volcanoes and imbalances in solar radiations. 

8. What do you mean by ocean acidification?

When the acid content in the oceans increases owing to raised levels of polluted air circulation. It's known as Ocean acidification. It hampers marine life severely. 

9. How can you control global warming?

Among the major solutions, a few common ones are Energy efficiency, setting a high price on carbon, vehicle fuel economy, usage of biofuels from organic waste, and protection of more and more forests. 

10. How can global warming hamper our lives?

Harmful impacts include Rise in overall global temperature, threat to aquatic life, flooding, desertification due to scanty rainfall, and loss of habitation. 

Biology • Class 7