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Facts and Geography of Honduras

Philippe TURPIN / Getty Images

• Country Information
• Physical Geography
• Political Geography
• Key Figures & Milestones
• Urban Geography
• M.A., Geography, California State University - East Bay
• B.A., English and Geography, California State University - Sacramento

Honduras is a country located in Central America on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It is bordered by Guatemala, Nicaragua and El Salvador and has a population of just under eight million. Honduras is considered a developing nation and is the second poorest country in Central America.

Fast Facts: Honduras

• Official Name: Republic of Honduras
• Capital: Tegucigalpa 
• Population: 9,182,766 (2018)
• Official Language: Spanish
• Currency: Lempira (HNL)
• Form of Government: Presidential republic 
• Climate: Subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains 
• Total Area: 43,278 square miles (112,090 square kilometers)
• Highest Point: Cerro Las Minas at 9,416 feet (2,870 meters)
• Lowest Point: Caribbean Sea at 0 feet (0 meters)

History of Honduras

Honduras has been inhabited for centuries by various native tribes. The largest and most developed of these were the Mayans. European contact with the area began in 1502 when Christopher Columbus claimed the region and named it Honduras (which means depths in Spanish) because the coastal waters surrounding the lands were very deep.

In 1523, Europeans began to further explore Honduras when Gil Gonzales de Avila entered the then-Spanish territory. A year later, Cristobal de Olid established the colony of Triunfo de la Cruz on behalf of Hernan Cortes. Olid however, tried to establish an independent government but was later assassinated. Cortes then formed his own government in the city of Trujillo. Shortly thereafter, Honduras became a part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala.

Throughout the mid-1500s, native Hondurans worked to resist Spanish exploration and control of the region but after several battles, Spain took control of the area. Spanish rule over Honduras lasted until 1821 when the country gained its independence. Following its independence from Spain, Honduras was briefly under the control of Mexico. In 1823, Honduras joined the United Provinces of Central America federation, which collapsed in 1838.

During the 1900s, Honduras's economy was centered on agriculture and particularly on United States-based companies that formed plantations throughout the country. As a result, the country's politics were focused on ways to maintain the relationship with the U.S. and keep foreign investments.

With the onset of the Great Depression in the 1930s, Honduras's economy began to suffer and from that time until 1948, the authoritarian General Tiburcio Carias Andino controlled the country. In 1955, the government was overthrown and, two years later, Honduras had its first elections. In 1963, however, a coup took place and the military again ruled the country throughout much of the later 1900s. During this time, Honduras experienced instability.

From 1975–1978 and 1978–1982, Generals Melgar Castro and Paz Garcia ruled Honduras, during which time the country grew economically and developed much of its modern infrastructure. Throughout the rest of the 1980s and into the next two decades, Honduras experienced seven democratic elections. The country developed its modern constitution in 1982.

After more instability in the later 2000s, Honduras today is considered a democratic constitutional republic. The executive branch is made up of the chief of state and the head of state — both of which are filled by the president. The legislative branch is comprised of the unicameral Congress of Congreso Nacional and the judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court of Justice. Honduras is divided into 18 departments for local administration.

Economics and Land Use

Honduras is the second poorest country in Central America and has a highly uneven distribution of income. Most of the economy is based on exports. The largest agricultural exports from Honduras are bananas, coffee, citrus, corn, African palm, beef, timber shrimp, tilapia, and lobster. Industrial products include sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products, and cigars.

Geography and Climate

Honduras is located in Central America along the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean's Gulf of Fonseca. Since it is located in Central America, the country has a subtropical climate throughout its lowlands and coastal areas. Honduras has a mountainous interior, which has a temperate climate. Honduras is also prone to natural disasters like hurricanes , tropical storms, and flooding. For example, in 1998, Hurricane Mitch destroyed much of the country and wiped out 70% of its crops, 70-80% of its transportation infrastructure, 33,000 homes, and killed 5,000 people. In 2008, Honduras experienced severe flooding and almost half of its roads were destroyed.

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• Human Rights

Summary Honduras LIDC Geography Case Study (A-Level OCR)

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• OCR A Level Geography Second Edition

Detailed case study of human rights in Honduras, including the violations, key stats and population metrics, players involved in global governance, opportunities and challenges and exam technique top-tips

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• Summarized whole book? No
• Which chapters are summarized? Unknown
• Uploaded on September 27, 2023
• File latest updated on October 9, 2023
• Number of pages 2
• Written in 2022/2023
• Type Summary
• developing country
• human rights violations
• global governance

Book Title: OCR A Level Geography Second Edition

Author(s): Michael Raw, David Barker

• Edition: Unknown
• ISBN: 9781471858703

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• Study Level A/AS Level
• Examinator OCR
• Subject Geography
• Unit Human Rights

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Honduras is bordered by Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador.

Honduras is bordered by Guatemala , Nicaragua , and El Salvador . On the north, the country shares a vast stretch of coast with the Caribbean Sea. On the south, it shares a small stretch with the Pacific Ocean. Several islands are also found off the country's coasts. Honduras is the second largest country in Central America, following Nicaragua .

Honduras has four distinct regions: the central highlands, Pacific lowlands, eastern Caribbean lowlands, and northern coastal plains and mountains. Mountains are plentiful in Honduras, with peaks as high as 9,347 feet (2,849 meters), though Honduras is the only country in Central America without volcanoes.

Map created by National Geographic Maps

PEOPLE & CULTURE

The majority of people in Honduras live in the highlands and are Roman Catholic. Family life is considered very important. Many people in the country are poor and nearly half are unable to read or write.

Popular foods vary across the country and include cassava (tapioca), seafood, and chili peppers. The poor rely primarily on corn, beans, rice, and other staples, and eat very little meat.

Soccer is a very popular sport in Honduras and most communities have their own teams in addition to following the national team. While playing soccer is more common among boys, basketball, volleyball, and dancing are more common among girls. Western music and movies are also common forms of entertainment.

Plant life in Honduras varies with climate and elevation, ranging from mangroves to evergreen trees to Spanish cedar to oak.

Honduras is home to many colorful insects, including butterflies, beetles, and spiders. Reptiles, including snakes and crocodiles, are also plentiful in the country's tropical forests. Larger animals include deer, ocelots , and pumas . Birds are also common along the coast.

Honduras has several national parks and other protected areas to preserve its native plants and animls.

GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY

Citizens of Honduras vote for a president who serves a single four-year term. The president appoints 18 governors to run administrative departments. The departments are further broken down with localities being the most local subdivision of government. People in each locality are able to elect a mayor.

A third of the economy in Honduras is derived from agriculture, with coffee being the biggest export. Bananas also contribute a significant percentage of the money brought into the country.

Christopher Columbus discovered Honduras in the 16th century, then home to the Maya and other indigineous people, and his discovery was soon followed by a Spanish conquest of the country.

In the early 19th century, Honduras gained independence from Spain and briefly became part of Mexico before joining the newly-formed United Provinces of Central America.

Following some political instability in the early 20th century, the United States took action to protect its investment of banana crops in the country.

In 1969, while Honduras was under military rule, a brief but serious war broke out with El Salvador as a result of a dispute over immigration and the lack of a clearly defined border between the two countries. Two decades later, Honduras returned to civilian rule and an agreement was reached with El Salvador.

In 1998, Hurricane Mitch took the lives of more than 5,000 people in Honduras and caused billions of dollars in damage. Political instability continues to trouble the country, with another military coup taking place as recently as 2009.

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Case Study: Global Governance in Honduras - Human Rights OCR Geography A-level

Subject: Geography

Age range: 16+

Resource type: Assessment and revision

Last updated

19 November 2022

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All the information required about f the impact of global governance of human rights in an LIDC in the Human Rights topic in the OCR Geography A-level subject.

Specification Points covered:

Case study of the impact of global governance of human rights in an LIDC, including: • the human rights issue/issues • the global governance strategy/strategies used • opportunities for stability, growth and development • challenges of inequality and injustice

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• Human rights
• Created by: lizzie.cotton
• Created on: 07-06-18 11:18
• Least developed country in central America- MMR 120 per 100,000
• 39% work in agriculture, 21% industry, 40% services, 85% literacy rates
• politically unstable country- civil authorities have failed to control security forces and deal with human rights
• devastated by hurricane mitch in 1998- still recovering
• place for women to report violence but its not useful- women face murder if they report crimes
• limited access to education and healthcare
• gang culture and drug related violence - organised crimes include trafficking of child labour and child prostitution
• poverty- 44% of population live on $2 a day
• Sent human rights advisers to Honduras to strengthen government institutions- build stronger human rights culture and help implement human rights action plan
• USA- $50 million in security aid, provides assistance through central American Region
• Ministry for Justice and Human rights to reform citizen security and prevent torture- relies heavily on NGOs to provide healthcare in rural areas
• Care international- tackling human rights issues such as poverty, education, employment opportunity, healthcare, water and food provisions
• San Pedro Sula- most dangerous city in the world, lack of opportunity leads to people joining
• takes 20 people each year to be responsible, respectable part of society- technical and academic training
• for stability-bilateral links with USA are helping economy and national security, political stability is being achieved with US support for anti corruption, community efforts to prevent gang activity- education for at risk youths
• Economic growth-USA and UN are implementing new food security programmes and promoting economic diversification and training citizens to respond to natural disasters, small farmers assisted to increase trade opportunities
• socio- economic development-40% of population is under 15- authorities in rural and urban areas to meet targets fro school enrolment, improving maternal and child health nutrition
• inequality-inequality between rich and poor in urban areas- San Pedro Sula. Rural- urban migration leads to housing shortages- water supply and sanitation, unequal access to education and healthcare and between girls and boys
• injustices- criminal justice system needs modernising- greater protection of human rights, attacks on journalists continue, violence against women and children are high and so is gang culture and trafficking

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