india 2030 smart india essay in english

Essay on India in 2030

Students are often asked to write an essay on India in 2030 in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on India in 2030

Introduction.

India in 2030 will be a vibrant country, bustling with innovation and growth. It will harness the potential of its young population, becoming a global leader in technology and sustainability.

India will be a technology hub, with advancements in AI, robotics, and space exploration. Digital literacy will be widespread, empowering even the rural communities.

Sustainability

Sustainability will be a priority. Solar and wind energy will be major power sources, and cities will be greener, reducing pollution.

The India of 2030 will be a nation that values progress, inclusivity, and sustainability, making it a model for the world.

250 Words Essay on India in 2030

India, a land of diversity and potential, has always been a subject of global interest. By 2030, it is expected to undergo a significant transformation in various aspects, including economy, technology, and social structure.

Economic Growth

By 2030, India is projected to become the world’s third-largest economy. This growth will be driven by a combination of factors such as a burgeoning middle class, increased urbanization, and an upsurge in the manufacturing sector under initiatives like ‘Make in India’.

Technological Advancements

India’s digital revolution will continue to flourish. The country is likely to witness a surge in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other advanced technologies, fostering innovation and creating new job opportunities.

Social Changes

Societal changes will be equally profound. The expected rise in literacy rates and gender equality will drive social progress. However, challenges such as population growth and climate change could pose threats to sustainable development.

India in 2030 will be a blend of traditional values and modern aspirations. While it is set to achieve significant milestones, it must also address its challenges proactively to ensure a balanced and inclusive growth. The path to 2030 offers India an opportunity to leverage its demographic dividend and technological prowess to create a prosperous future.

500 Words Essay on India in 2030

India, the world’s largest democracy and second-most populous nation, is on a trajectory of significant change. By 2030, the country is expected to undergo remarkable transformations in various sectors, including technology, economy, healthcare, and social development. This essay delves into the prospective future of India in 2030, considering the current trends and future possibilities.

India’s technological landscape is expected to experience a major revolution by 2030. The country is likely to be at the forefront of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, integrating physical, digital, and biological systems. Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) will be more deeply embedded in everyday life, driving innovations in sectors like healthcare, education, and transportation. With the government’s emphasis on ‘Digital India,’ we can expect a more digitally inclusive society, with improved internet connectivity reaching the most remote corners of the country.

Economic Progress

India’s economy, already one of the fastest-growing in the world, is projected to become the third-largest by 2030. The country’s GDP is expected to increase significantly, driven by improvements in manufacturing and services. Increased foreign investment, coupled with a shift towards a more sustainable and inclusive economic model, will likely propel India’s economic progress. However, this growth must be balanced with environmental sustainability to ensure long-term prosperity.

Healthcare Developments

By 2030, India’s healthcare system is predicted to undergo a massive transformation. Technological advancements will enable more efficient disease management and patient care. Telemedicine and digital health records will become the norm, ensuring healthcare accessibility even in remote areas. However, the country will need to address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases and the challenges posed by an ageing population.

Social Development

Social development will be a critical area of focus for India by 2030. The country will likely witness significant progress in gender equality, with increased female participation in the workforce and leadership roles. Education will undergo digital transformation, making quality learning accessible to all. However, the government will need to address persistent issues such as poverty and social inequality to ensure inclusive growth.

The vision of India in 2030 is one of a technologically advanced, economically prosperous, and socially inclusive nation. While the journey will undoubtedly have its challenges, the potential for growth and development is immense. By capitalizing on technological advancements, fostering economic growth, improving healthcare, and promoting social development, India can look forward to a promising future. As the youth of today become the leaders of tomorrow, their actions and decisions will play a pivotal role in shaping India’s destiny in 2030.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Future of India
Essay on Indian Heritage
Essay on Indian Farmer

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

How to build a better India by 2030

Hope for the future: India can build a more inclusive economy by 2030 Image: REUTERS/Rupak De Chowdhuri

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Roopa purushothaman.

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India can transform itself in the next days if technology creates opportunity.
In India, 77% of workers currently participate in the informal economy.
90 million people will join the India's pool of potential workers in the next decade.

It is 2030 and India is among the world’s top three economies. Its citizens live with advanced technology in a mutually beneficial ecosystem. Technology creates opportunity. Its users have access to quality jobs, better healthcare, and skill-based education—all of which were out of reach just ten years before. In this vision of India, digital technology helps people bridge gaps that presently hold them back. This is a Bridgital Nation, and it's achievable within a decade.

Have you read?

Urban pollution: breathing new life into india's cities, how can technology help india an extract.

But it is 2020, and we are still on this side of the enormous gap that exists in health, education, justice, and wherever else we look. How will we get to the other side? For India, and developing countries more broadly, the answer lies in the tools of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The prosperity we envision will become real if we think just a little differently about how we can use the technologies bearing down on us to our advantage.

From digital to bridgital

We see digital technologies changing the world around us on a daily basis. From shopping to travel to work, nothing is untouched by digital advances. And the rate of advancement is only increasing. AI and automation are beginning to make their presence felt in our lives. Such has been their impact that they now come with the standard fear of job losses and worse. However, if we look more closely, this narrative applies to advanced economies. In developing countries, which have distinct characteristics, the advance of technology will play out differently. We believe that if applied properly, it will lead to more jobs and better jobs—an approach we call ‘Bridgital’.

Why do we believe this? Because India is ripe for exactly this kind of intervention. Unlike advanced economies, which possess mature markets and where innovation is focused on efficiency, India lacks markets themselves. For instance, there are 190 million adults still without a bank account. Technology-led approaches can create the new markets needed to meet the demands of the underserved. These new markets will bring new local jobs.

India trails global standards in many sectors. In healthcare, for instance, it has half the doctors and a third of the hospital beds compared to global benchmarks. It has neither the time nor the money to catch up with traditional means. When services are reimagined using technology, an additional layer of jobs emerge in mediating technology and existing resources.

In India, 77% of workers currently participate in the informal economy—working on farms or in low productivity jobs like construction or running small local shops. They earn only about $160 a month on average. For this vast informal pool, a contextual technology intervention could boost productivity and wages, thereby improving livelihoods.

In the coming decade, the largest economies will see reductions in their pool of potential workers. The developed world, with fewer workers available, will be busy innovating technology that can substitute for the workforce it is losing. But in India, 90 million Indians, many of whom will be under-skilled and under-qualified, will be added to the workforce. It needs to develop technology to boost its workers’ skills.

In mature markets, digital transformation is focused on increasing efficiency and automating tasks as a profit-making exercise. But in India, where Indians travel huge distances to see a doctor, or where millions of graduates apply for a few hundred positions, a digital transformation will have to take the form of augmenting human ability.

Opening up access to healthcare

Let’s look at the access gap in healthcare, for instance. Right now, there just aren’t enough skilled workers to meet demand. It will take a further 600,000 doctors and 2.5 million nurses to close the access gap.

The doctors we do have spend a quarter to half of their time on activities that anyone else could accomplish: filling prescriptions, logging appointments, administrative paperwork. With a Bridgital intervention, we could change how doctors work. Many pre-diagnosis activities currently undertaken by doctors could be turned into a checklist programmed on to a kiosk, a handheld tablet, or even a smartphone. These could be used by someone without a clinical background, but who has received three to four months’ training on the technology, freeing up the specialist medical team to treat more patients, while giving jobs to those less skilled.

The World Economic Forum was the first to draw the world’s attention to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the current period of unprecedented change driven by rapid technological advances. Policies, norms and regulations have not been able to keep up with the pace of innovation, creating a growing need to fill this gap.

The Forum established the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Network in 2017 to ensure that new and emerging technologies will help—not harm—humanity in the future. Headquartered in San Francisco, the network launched centres in China, India and Japan in 2018 and is rapidly establishing locally-run Affiliate Centres in many countries around the world.

The global network is working closely with partners from government, business, academia and civil society to co-design and pilot agile frameworks for governing new and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) , autonomous vehicles , blockchain , data policy , digital trade , drones , internet of things (IoT) , precision medicine and environmental innovations .

Learn more about the groundbreaking work that the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Network is doing to prepare us for the future.

Want to help us shape the Fourth Industrial Revolution? Contact us to find out how you can become a member or partner.

Technology also gives specialist doctors the ability to conduct virtual consultations with patients well beyond where roads end, providing access to primary care to the 65-70% of Indians who currently struggle for it.

The net effect is to create jobs and increase the supply of medical help: More than 80% of the gap in doctors India will needs by 2030 can be bridged by this approach. It’s a technology-based bridge built using India’s access challenge as an engine of employment.

This isn't simply theoretical. We have seen this at work in healthcare pilots across India. Doctors, nurses, unskilled workers, outreach health workers, and healthcare coordinators are all at work together in a district near Bangalore. Their work is connected by a common technology platform that allows for coordination between patients and doctors. As a result, patients who would normally have waited too long to see a doctor now turn up at the first sign of trouble. This has meant they can be treated at primary health centres, rather than at hospitals—the last resort. In the few months that the system has been at work, the number of visitors to primary health centres has increased noticeably. We noticed this difference in just one tiny district, and that too only in healthcare.

India is an 'antarlaapika'

Simply looking across six sectors—including transportation, healthcare, and the judiciary— this sort of Bridgital reimagining could lead to 30 million jobs.

In truth, we already have what it takes to create more and better jobs. We also have the capability to improve and make better use of the existing skill levels of our people, especially once we tailor digital approaches and technologies to our needs. We need to stop thinking of humans and technology as competing for the same work and instead realize that using both together will definitely be more powerful than either alone.

There’s a word in Sanskrit that suits India perfectly: antarlaapika — a puzzle that holds its own answer. India is an antarlaapika that can be solved from within.

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World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum.

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My Vision For India In 2030 Essay In 500+ Words

Hello Friend, In this post “ My Vision For India In 2030 Essay In 500+ Words “, We will read about My Vision For India In 2030 As an Essay in detail. So…

Let’s Start…

India is a country which a rich heritage and unique culture. India is always famous for its unique identity “ Unity in Diversity “.

The British ruled India from 1858 to 1947. India got its independence on 15th August 1947 from British imperial rule.

As D.r A.P.J. Abdul Kalam had a vision for 2020 India, in which he visualized India as one of the most advanced and developed countries of the world.

I also have a vision for India in 2030 . My vision for India in 2030 is an environment-friendly, educated, clean and healthy India. As there is a famous weapon which you can use to change the world.

In the context of the year 2030 , we have to set a target that after completing 100 years of Independence, where do we see India.

For this, we all will have to work together for the development of the country so that the spirit of unity arises in us and gets rid of fragmented thinking.

So now it is the duty of all of us to get involved in rebuilding the new India of our dreams. Don’t delay any longer. Today, celebrating 75 years of Independence, I am dreaming of a new India.

An India that is fully developed, where every youth has employment, where no one is dying has employment, where no one is dying of poverty and hunger. I also see the India of 2030 as a corruption-free India.

I see that in 2030 there is no hatred in the name of caste and religion in the country. In 2030, Every girl who walks the streets of India is absolutely safe.

I envision the Indian economy as the most established and developed economy in the world. I envision the women of India of 2030 as more empowered. I envision medical facilities in India easily accessible to the general public.

It is my vision that every child of India will be educated in 2030, which will definitely be meaningful. For this, we all should start making efforts from now on. if we make efforts from now on.

If we make efforts with unity, then India will definitely become self-reliant and by 2030, the title of Vishwaguru will definitely be in its name.

Now I would like to share my vision for India in 2030 in detail.

Environment-Friendly India: My vision for India is environment-Friendly India. A good way to start with conserving water, driving less, walking more, planting more trees, and using a battery electric vehicle.

My Vision For India In 2050 Essay In 500+ Words

Paragraph On My Vision For India @ 100 years

Educated India: In 2030, I want to see India with the highest number of literate people. The easiest and the most effective way to achieve this is “each one, teach one”.

Clean India: There is a quote “Clean people and healthy people can make a wealthy country.” I want India as the cleanest country in the world by 2030. By simply throwing the garbage in the bin, not spitting on the streets, and creating less waste I want to achieve my vision-clean India.

Healthy India: By 2030, I want to see India as a healthy India, a fit India. For this, I pledge to donate my organs and I also want to encourage other people to do this noble work. So that together we can make India- healthy India.

Corruption-Free India: My vision for India is a corruption-free India. If we limit our wants and needs then we can easily make corruption-free India.

So, my vision for India in 2030 is an educated, clean and healthy India . That’s why I want to see India as the country with the highest educated people.

Once the people are educated, they will understand the importance of environment-friendly life and cleanliness. Cleanliness is the door to a healthy life.

And healthy people can make a wealthy country. when each and every people become healthy the country will surely be developed and progress.

I want to contribute these little things for the progress of my beautiful country- to fulfill my vision for 2030 as -Happy India.

Thanks For Reading “ My Vision For India In 2030 Essay In 500+ Words “.

If you have any questions regarding “ My Vision For India In 2030 Essay In 500+ Words “, So, please comment.

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tankyou bro

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tanks’

This is also my vision for India 2030. Let’s do it together . Siya A student of blue bird school aligarh

India at 2030: Rooted and connected

We probably cannot always see this, but we are living through a moment that is seeding what could well create a radically transformed nation by 2030.But what are these things? A reimagination of health is one. There are two things happening in India simultaneously that give its health systems and the industry its disruptive edge. India is rediscovering the importance of its traditional medicinal systems in Ayurveda, yoga and others, and making them relevant (dare one say even fashionable) for use today. In the process, it is even gaining the confidence to project and export them around the world. Between 2019 and 2020, exports of Ayurveda grew by 45%.

But it is not merely traditional medicine where India will be, or rather is, demonstrating leadership. The mass manufacture of the AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine is an indication of the future of pharmaceutical manufacturing in India and it strengthens the role of the country as a medicine manufacturing hub at scale. There is another aspect to health where India’s importance will grow in the coming decade—the country would have one of the biggest and demographically most diverse health databases in the world. Used innovatively, this resource could help definitively transform global research and show new digital-based health models used at scale. This is going to be even more powerful with ideas like the digital health stack for India and a digital health ID for Indian citizens.

The seeds of reforms and innovation are being planted today in everything, from infrastructure to the promotion of ‘one district, one product’ (ODOP). If you look carefully, the theme is to change India from the very grassroots. India seeks to reverse the gaze of globalisation in a sense—not just embracing the world as it has since the opening of the economy in 1991, but also confidently making the argument that it too has many goods and materials that would be valued by the world.

The ODOP programme for instance propels the idea, often heard in France, of terroir—things being valuable for they are unique to a location, a geography. The idea is to make every district in the country known for something unique, something that could be presented to the world. In a sense, this is what geographical indication or GI tagging is all about too. Reversing the gaze only begins when a country starts to appreciate and consume the best of its domestic fare even before they are marketed to the world. Vocal for local understands the spirit that consumption, like charity, must begin at home.

In infrastructure development, covering the length and breadth of India with tapped water for every household is as important as the revitalisation of the Indian railways and laying tens of thousands of kilometres of new highways is as vital as the building of a broadband network touching every hamlet in the country. Mass supply of clean water would, in the years to come, transform public health in India as it once did in the West. Road (along with rail and air) networks being laid today to connect the remotest corners of the country would lead to social and economic transformation as they almost always do—connectivity, more often than not, is prosperity.

2030 could see an India more connected than ever before. Digital payments would become the norm, replacing every other payment method. The United Payments Interface, already recognised as a pioneer in the world of democratised money transactions, could well become the backbone of many Indian products in financial technology or fintech. As it reforms its agriculture, India may well become one of the most important, if not the most important, food producers in the world, using its bountiful produce both economically and strategically.

The India of 2030 is being seeded today within the citizens using two big ideas—deeper connections to the civilisational roots of the country and integrated to the everyday seamless use of technology. In other words, the Indian of 2030 would be more rooted than ever in indigenous culture, our heritage and the use of traditional systems—but also more adept at the everyday use of technology, perhaps even in the disseminating of some of those ancient systems. It is customary at the beginning of a decade to gaze ahead to understand where one would be at the start of the next—and today it seems that in 2030, India would be in equal measures rooted and connected to its civilisation and in tune with relentless technological advancement.

Hindol Sengupta ([email protected]) Vice President & Head of Research at Invest India, GoI’s national investment promotion agency

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Smart Cities Mission: A step towards Smart India

Cities accommodate nearly 31% of India's current population and contribute 63% of GDP (Census 2011). Urban areas are expected to house 40% of India's population and contribute 75% of India's GDP by 2030. This requires comprehensive development of physical, institutional, social and economic infrastructure. All are important in improving the quality of life and attracting people and investment, setting in motion a virtuous cycle of growth and development. Development of Smart Cities is a step in that direction.

The Smart Cities Mission is an innovative and new initiative by the Government of India to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people by enabling local development and harnessing technology as a means to create smart outcomes for citizens.

A step towards cleanliness
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Participate as Government Institution
Contribute as other organisation
Cleaning India Together
A Clean and Green India

Smart Cities focus on their most pressing needs and on the greatest opportunities to improve lives. They tap a range of approaches - digital and information technologies, urban planning best practices, public-private partnerships, and policy change - to make a difference. They always put people first.

In the approach to the Smart Cities Mission , the objective is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of 'Smart' Solutions. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development and the idea is to look at compact areas, create a replicable model which will act like a light house to other aspiring cities. The Smart Cities Mission is meant to set examples that can be replicated both within and outside the Smart City, catalysing the creation of similar Smart Cities in various regions and parts of the country.

Smart Cities Mission Strategy

Pan-city initiative in which at least one Smart Solution is applied city-wide
Develop areas step-by-step – three models of area-based developments
Retrofitting,
Redevelopment,

Adequate water supply,
Assured electricity supply,
Sanitation, including solid waste management,
Efficient urban mobility and public transport,
Affordable housing, especially for the poor,
Robust IT connectivity and digitalization,
Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation,
Sustainable environment,
Safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly, and
Health and education.

Coverage and Duration

The Mission will cover 100 cities and its duration will be five years (FY2015-16 to FY2019-20). The Mission may be continued thereafter in the light of an evaluation to be done by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) and incorporating the learnings into the Mission.

The total number of 100 Smart Cities have been distributed among the States and UTs on the basis of an equitable criteria. The formula gives equal weightage (50:50) to urban population of the State/UT and the number of statutory towns in the State/UT. Based on this formula, each State/UT will, therefore, have a certain number of potential Smart Cities, with each State/UT having at least one. The number of potential Smart Cities from each State/UT will be capped at the indicated number. This distribution formula has also been used for allocation of funds under Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation - AMRUT .

The distribution of Smart Cities will be reviewed after two years of the implementation of the Mission. Based on an assessment of the performance of States/ULBs in the Challenge, some re-allocation of the remaining potential Smart Cities among States may be required to be done by the Ministry of Urban Development .

Financing of Smart Cities

The Smart City Mission will be operated as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) and the Central Government proposes to give financial support to the Mission to the extent of Rs. 48,000 crores over five years i.e. on an average Rs. 100 crore per city per year. An equal amount, on a matching basis, will have to be contributed by the State/ULB; therefore, nearly Rupees one lakh crore of Government/ULB funds will be available for Smart Cities development.

Comprehensive development occurs in areas by integrating the physical, institutional, social and economic infrastructure. Many of the sectoral schemes of the Government converge in this goal, although the path is different. There is a strong complementarity between the AMRUT and Smart Cities Mission in achieving urban transformation. While AMRUT follows a project-based approach, the Smart Cities Mission follows an area-based strategy.

Similarly, great benefit can be derived by seeking convergence of other Central and State Government Programs/Schemes with the Smart Cities Mission. At the planning stage itself, cities must seek convergence in the SCP with AMRUT , Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) , National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) - External Website that opens in a new window , Digital India , Skill development, Housing for All, construction of Museums funded by the Culture Department and other programs connected to social infrastructure such as Health, Education and Culture.

What are the Challenges?

This is the first time, a MoUD programme is using the 'Challenge' or competition method to select cities for funding and using a strategy of area-based development. This captures the spirit of 'competitive and cooperative federalism'.
States and ULBs will play a key supportive role in the development of Smart Cities. Smart leadership and vision at this level and ability to act decisively will be important factors determining the success of the Mission.
Understanding the concepts of retrofitting, redevelopment and greenfield development by the policy makers, implementers and other stakeholders at different levels will require capacity assistance. Major investments in time and resources will have to be made during the planning phase prior to participation in the Challenge. This is different from the conventional DPR-driven approach.
The Smart Cities Mission requires smart people who actively participate in governance and reforms. Citizen involvement is much more than a ceremonial participation in governance. The participation of smart people will be enabled by the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) through increasing use of ICT, especially mobile-based tools.

The India Smart Cities Challenge - External Website that opens in a new window is a competition designed to inspire and support municipal officials as they develop smart proposals to improve residents' lives. 100 cities will compete in the first round - with the best proposals receiving funding from the Ministry of Urban Development .

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India @ 2030: India's journey to become $5 trillion economy will depend on the pace of reforms

Byline: Surabhi
Producer: Arnav Das Sharma

As India strives to become a $5-trillion economy by 2030, more inclusive reforms will be necessary for faster growth. The next five years are exciting for the economy—providing both fresh possibilities and new challenges

Five years is not a very long time. But neither is it too short. It’s roughly the same time span in which a teenage child transforms into an adult or certain trees take to mature and bear fruit. For democracies too, five years means new governments, new policies and economic cycles.

The same holds true for India. As the fastest-growing major economy in the world—with an estimated growth rate of more than 7% over two straight years—it has ambitions of turning into a $5-trillion economy over the next few years. But it has to address a number of challenges—from sustaining economic growth through more policy reforms, creation of adequate physical infrastructure, boosting private sector investments, meeting the health and nutritional needs of a growing population, finding adequate jobs for its workforce, and mitigating the risks of climate change.

Meanwhile, the global geopolitical landscape is in for a reset with national elections in as many as 50 countries this year. According to US-based think tank Integrity Institute, in 2024, as many as 83 elections (national or otherwise) are being held across 78 countries; this means these polls would impact the lives of nearly half the world’s population who collectively reside there. “We won’t see that many again until 2048. What also makes 2024 special is not just the number of countries but the fact that for the first time, you will have a US presidential election in the same year as elections in major countries such as India, Indonesia, Ukraine, Taiwan, Mexico, the UK, and the European Parliament,” it noted. (See graphic ‘Poll Fever’.)

What India will be in 2029 will in a large part be shaped by the next government that comes to power after the General Elections this year; the new government will lay down the key priorities for the next five years as well as the policy prescriptions that are required.

A bright spot

The India story continues to be a bright spot for the international community, which is yet to fully recover from the impact of the pandemic, as well as the two ongoing wars and the Red Sea conflict. (See graphic ‘Shining Bright’.)

According to Christian de Guzman, Senior Vice President at Moody’s Investors Service, the agency expects India to be one of the fastest-growing—if not the fastest—G20 economies over the next five years, largely based on its ability to weather the lacklustre near-term outlook for global growth due to its large consumption-based economy, boosted by the government’s efforts to improve productivity via reforms and infrastructure development. “Over the longer-term, India also stands to benefit from favourable demographics in contrast to the ageing populations in other large economies, including China. At the same time, this relatively favourable view assumes that India will sustain broad financial stability and gradual fiscal consolidation—areas that have previously weighed on the country’s potential growth and sovereign credit profile,” he says.

In a recent report, brokerage Morgan Stanley also highlighted India’s strong fundamentals. It said that the country’s nominal GDP growth will accelerate to 11.6% this year, making it the third consecutive year that India’s nominal GDP growth will be the strongest in Asia. India’s contribution to Asian and global growth will rise to 30% and 17%, respectively, up from 28% and 16% in 2023. “Over the medium term, our Chief India Economist Upasana Chachra forecasts that real GDP growth will average 6.3% until FY32,” it noted. The brokerage expects the investment to GDP ratio to rise to 33.5% by FY25, and to 36% by FY27.

Challenges ahead

However, it’s not all smooth sailing. Despite continuous efforts by successive governments, challenges remain. More reforms are needed to further improve the ease of doing business by ensuring faster regulatory clearances, say experts. The notification of the long-pending four Labour Codes, further land reforms, a national e-commerce policy as well as regulation of the digital economy are some of the pending items on the policy reform table.

Arun Singh, Global Chief Economist at research firm Dun & Bradstreet, points out that India is well on its way to becoming a $5-trillion economy. “We should now target becoming a $10-trillion economy. For this, a lot more capital and reforms are needed to bring in global investors,” he says. India still needs to improve its physical infrastructure and raise the foreign investment ceiling in various sectors as well as privatise the non-performing, non-strategic central public sector undertakings, he says.

Arun Singh Global Chief Economist Dun and Bradstreet

“Land and labour reforms also have to be taken forward. The government needs to review the administrative machinery to ensure faster clearances. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code needs to be reviewed for quicker resolutions. We need to create more formal sector jobs and improve the LFPR (labour force participation rate), especially with regard to the female workforce. More MSMEs have to be brought into the formal economy,” says Singh, adding that some of these reforms are structural in nature and could take longer than five years.

According to de Guzman of Moody’s, challenges to the economy include its significant exposure to environmental and social risks. In particular, the relatively large share of the labour force involved in agriculture renders the broader economy susceptible to climate shocks, such as irregular monsoons, flooding, as well as heat and water stress, he says. Low and unevenly distributed incomes, as well as unequal access to high-quality education and other basic services, could also impair progress towards sustaining high growth over the medium- to long term, if not addressed.

“Moreover, India’s investment climate and regulatory quality-while having shown significant improvement over the past decade-remain weak when compared to many of its emerging market peers, although gains in addressing other shortcomings such as poor infrastructure have contributed to the resilience of growth in recent years,” says de Guzman.

India is hoping to significantly raise the share of manufacturing in GDP in the coming years from about 17% at present to 25% in the coming years. Efforts are already underway and some headway seems to have been made through measures such as production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme for 14 sectors. The scheme is yet to fully take off with just Rs 4,415 crore of incentives disbursed and Rs 1.03 lakh crore of investments. Physical infrastructure-in terms of both capacity addition and modernisation as well as new projects-is also a key focus area with a budgeted capex of Rs 10 lakh crore this fiscal.

As many as 248.2 million people have moved out of multidimensional poverty in the nine years to 2022-23, according to a recent NITI Aayog report. However, ensuring adequate social infrastructure-healthcare and education-will remain a key priority for the government as well as further bridging the financial inclusion divide by providing not only banking services, but also adequate credit investment and insurance options to the bottom of the pyramid. Sustainability and green energy are two other areas the government will have to focus on to ensure that India remains ahead in emerging technologies such as green hydrogen. Plus, there are also challenges from emerging digital technologies in the field of AI and machine learning.

The following pages delve into some of these themes to identify and chart out an agenda and aspiration of what India at 2029 should and can be. One thing is for sure: it will be one interesting journey.

UI Developer : Pankaj Negi Creative Producer : Raj Verma Videos : Mohsin Shaikh

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India In 2030 (Essay Sample)

India in 2030.

Today, the difficulties of the world are destitution, lack of education, drinking water, spotless and environmentally friendly power vitality, fair dissemination of assets, quality instruction with values for all, beating societal lopsided characteristics, curing ailments, quality medicinal services for all and great living conditions. Singular countries are attempting to discover an answer for these difficulties. Notwithstanding, numerous global measurements for the reason and arrangements exist. Subsequently, working for arrangements is an aggregate obligation of the worldwide group. By the year 2030, India would be known as the United States of India. It would have turned into a created nation by that point. According to survey, India is ready to assume control over the created nations to rise at the highest point of the stack in the worldwide financial superpower group by 2030. This paper seeks to describe the profile of India in 2030.

Thoughts and advancements are not any more topographically or politically limited. A creation made today some place sets aside no opportunity to discover its market a huge number of miles away. Consistent stream of data and individuals likewise implies that nearby or provincial issues will constantly increase worldwide unmistakable quality and unaddressed issues including neediness can change quickly into worldwide fear based oppression. This stream of thoughts has likewise prompted expanding significance of worldwide human rights and proliferation of the possibility of majority rules system. This will be a universe of countries where the gap amongst rustic and urban, rich and poor people, created and creating has limited; where there is an impartial conveyance to vitality and quality water; where center capabilities of every country are recognized; Missions synergizing the center skills of countries prompt monetary favorable position and quicker improvement of social orders; where all understudies of all social orders are conferred instruction with esteem framework; where moderate quality social indemnity is accessible to all.

Here, administration will be responsive, straightforward and debasement free. Where violations touching ladies and kids are truant and none in the general public feels distanced. A nation, which can give a perfect, green condition to all natives, is prosperous, solid, secure, without fear based oppression, quiet and cheerful. A country with innovative administration to guarantee instruments that, determine clashes amongst countries and social orders keeping peace and flourishing of the world as a goal. One of the objectives is to decrease the provincial urban partition over the world. More than three billion individuals live in provincial locales and strengthening of these three billion is critical from the point of view of comprehensive advancement, supported peace and shared prosperity. Bridging of the country urban gap is firmly connected with the mission of defeating neediness and imbalance. Around seventy percent of the world’s outrageous poor live in towns. Driven by the requirement for instruction, medicinal services and salary, the rustic populace is relocating to urban territories for better open doors, frequently meeting with give up. This further adds to urban neediness too prompting anxieties and societal turbulence. The provincial ranges of the world have unharnessed assets, potential, youth and conventional abilities. They must be urged to include esteem. One would need to advance manageable improvement frameworks and convey in an entrepreneurial way. The need of great importance is the advancement of manageable frameworks that go about as empowering agents and convey comprehensive development and incorporated improvement to countries of the world.

In conclusion, India will be a mainstream put for its hysterical and chronicled things in 2030. India is ready to assume control over the created nations to rise at the highest point of the stack in the worldwide financial superpower group by 2030. Its administration will be responsive, straightforward and debasement free. India will be a nation, which can give a perfect, green condition to all natives, is prosperous, solid, secure, without fear based oppression, quiet and cheerful.

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India’s Next Decade: Some Predictions, Some Speculations

Most of our debates focus on the here and now: issues such as the Covid-19 challenges, border disputes with China, the Agriculture Bills, phone hacking by Pegasus, or the banking sector’s continued bad debt crisis. However, the most important challenges – as well as the most promising opportunities – are what economists call “beyond the horizon” problems. Thanks to our evolution from the reptilian brain and our hardwired survival instinct, we systematically overestimate the magnitude of current challenges and underestimate the challenges that are far away.

This year is the thirtieth anniversary of India’s much vaunted economic reforms. Much has changed since then. In the early decades of independence, India had internalised poverty. In debates whether subsidies or infrastructure should be government priority, because of resource constraints and the zero sum nature of the expenditures, often-times subsidies got priority and long term investments lagged. The “Hindu rate of growth”, which translated to 1.3% per capita growth came to define India’s post-independence performance in early decades, (see Virmani, (2004)) [1] . Today’s India – in its reality and in its aspirations – is dramatically different. Ralph Waldo Emerson famously said: “The years teach much which the days never know.” My corollary: the years hide stories that only decades can tell.

This essay will attempt to look a decade ahead. I will cover a broad range of issues that I believe can be game changers for our country. Navigating these will require not just sound rational analysis, but also political will. And even more, it will require a preparation of society’s diverse constituents. Taken together, these will propel us forward. As we dwell on the decade ahead, it will be useful to recall Abraham Lincoln’s prophetic insight: “The best way to predict your future is to create it.”

1. Operating Leverage of the Indian Consumer Will Be a Potent Force

While there will be inevitable swings in economic conditions, there is a strong unidirectional tailwind that is extremely favourable. I call it the operating leverage of the Indian consumer. For a majority of Indians, out of every Rs 100 of annual income, Rs 80 gets spent on day to day expenses. Only the remaining Rs 20 is discretionary income. If Indian nominal wage growth is 9% [2 ] , which is what the average has been, and if one deducts 4% inflation from this, the real wage growth would be 5%. In real terms, median income increases to Rs 105 annually. However, the median discretionary income goes from Rs 20 to Rs 25; that’s an increase of 25%. We have millions of Indians crossing this threshold, where they have nominal wage growth in the 8-10% range, but in real terms, their discretionary income is growing at 20%.

Business cycles can subdue this trend only somewhat over the short term. Over the medium term, and certainly over the long term, this trend will stay on course. The results of this are quite profound. Here’s a sample: Private general insurers have grown 18.5% and health insurers 21.2% in the decade of 2010-2020 [3] , on the back of increasing market penetration and shift of market share from public sector companies to private insurers because of better quality of their services. Barring the Covid-19 disruption, advertising growth—a direct consumer proxy—has tracked 12% annualised growth over the past decade [4] . Consumer durables have witnessed a 20% growth from 2012-2020. Company-specific numbers show similar trends: Telecom company Jio has grown its wireless subscribers from 186.6 million in end 2017-2018 to 387.5 million at the end of 2019-2020 [5] and its aggressive pricing has made India’s data consumption 11.96GB per subscriber per month on average in 2020 (TRAI, 2020), not just the highest in the world but more than 2x that of the US levels. In the past 20 years, electrical goods company Havells has increased its revenues almost 100x and its profits more than 300x, and as investors have come to realise its potential, its market cap has jumped 6,000x since its listing in 1994. (Just as a fun comparison, since Amazon’s IPO in 1997, its market cap is up 4,000x till date, making Jeff Bezos the richest man in the world.) All of this has one common theme: the Indian consumer. While there is some criticism that Indian purchasing power is limited, effectively, consumer markets are smaller than what top-down analysis shows, and market segments are saturating fast, and my own sense is that there is plenty of headroom. 2030 will see more of the above.

In the top ten industries producing India’s billionaires, the two largest contributors are information technology and pharmaceuticals, both of which are primarily global-contracting sectors.

The mix of India’s billionaires points to the consumer boom. Historically, as domestic markets have been small, exporters have been the darlings of industry. In the top ten industries producing India’s billionaires, the two largest contributors are information technology and pharmaceuticals, both of which are primarily global-contracting sectors. Most of the rest are consumer goods and related sectors: fast moving consumer goods, automotive, food and beverages, textiles and apparel. And in a divergence from its Asian peers, in India, real estate ranks 10 th and infrastructure does not feature on the list at all.

This consumer-centric gravitational pull that one sees in legacy businesses also holds true in the world of disruption. Low penetration levels in most market segments have opened the opportunity for entrepreneurs to launch new products and brands, in online, offline and omni-channel modes. India today has 100 unicorns [6] , and added 3 a month in 2021 [7] . A report by Praxis Global Alliance(2021) is optimistic that India currently has 190 “Soonicorns” which are likely to graduate to Unicorn status by 2025. Fintech happens to be the largest generator of unicorns, followed by retail, online classifieds and travel, education and food, content and gaming. The time taken to reach unicorn-status has shrunk from an average of 7.4 years in 2010 to 2.4 years now, and based on the current trend lines, one can expect 250 unicorns by 2030. My prediction: powered by the domestic consumption boom, the most sought after jobs in 2030 will not be Unilever or Goldman Sachs, which have traditionally ruled Day 1 in top-tier campus recruitments, but in yet to be born, bootstrapped, adrenaline-driven, Unicorn-aspirant startups.

In the consumer sphere, two contra-trends are simultaneously true. New, but traditionally-driven consumer brands continue to create extraordinary wealth. Just look at Vini Cosmetics which makes the Fogg brand of deodorant. Or Pulse in the candy business, started by a true-blooded traditional paan masala company. Or Biba in women’s apparel, Fab India in handwoven garments and home furnishings, Forest Essentials in Ayurveda based skin care, MDH in spices, Veeba in sauces. The list is endless. At the same time, in category after category, digitally native brands are making their mark. Boat’s headphones are a rage with the 20-something crowd. Mama Earth’s skincare products have caught the imagination of young women. Licious found a white space in the meat industry and is attempting to create a direct-to-consumer brand in an otherwise disorganised sector. Country Delight, with its deep supply chains, is disrupting the dairy industry. Pharmeasy, a company we are shareholders in, has built India’s largest online pharmacy, became a Unicorn last year, and is planning an IPO pegged at a $5-6 billion valuation.

India’s disposable income led consumer boom is going to have profound changes in the financial markets as well. Currently as on 30 th Sep 2021, the top seven sectors constituting the Nifty 50 stock market index are financial services (37.23% weightage), information technology (17.41%), oil and gas (12.30%), consumer goods (11.11%), automobile (4.71%), pharma (3.39%), and construction (2.69%) [8] . By 2030, there will be large changes in this composition as the Indian economy evolves. Financial services and oil and gas will reduce their weightage, and consumer goods will clearly gain. A few months ago, Tata Consumer Products replaced Gas Authority of India Limited in the index. And there’s talk that retailer DMart and consumer internet behemoth InfoEdge will soon be included in the index as well. Such changes will affect how India’s savings are eventually invested, creating a positive feedback loop. In more ways than one, this will be the decade of the Indian consumer!

2. Structural Roadblocks and Constraints Will Continue

Offsetting the secular trend of disproportionate increase in disposable income driving consumption-led-growth, there are several challenges that we cannot wish away as a society. We cannot expect government leaders to solve them in the course of the next decade, though we can expect they can be moderated to some degree.

India’s growth will be distorted by the differentials in economic activity in the West and the South as compared to the North and the East.

India’s growth will be distorted by the differentials in economic activity in the West and the South as compared to the North and the East. Already, on average, India’s southern and western states have been growing materially faster than their northern and eastern peers. By 2019, the three richest states in India on an absolute GDP basis were Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. Then came Uttar Pradesh. When one considers that Uttar Pradesh’s population is 3x that of Gujarat and its economy is similar in size to Gujarat, the story becomes shocking [9] . Per capita income of Gujarat, on the basis of Net State Domestic Product is 3x more than that of UP. Here are some more counter-intuitive statistics: Goa, India’s richest state on a per capita basis is more than 10x richer than Bihar, India’s poorest. Punjab, long considered India’s rich state, currently has a smaller GDP than the split-up states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana individually; even on a per capita basis, it ranks much below Telangana and is neck-to-neck with Andhra Pradesh. Indeed, the future comes slowly, and then suddenly.

This would have at least three implications: Given the vastly different levels of prosperity, it would be difficult to get India’s 4817 legislators – the total number of members of parliament and of the various legislative assemblies – to reach common ground on the way forward for India. Moreover, if one adds the cultural and language differences between the rich and the poor states, the electorate would likely turn inward. The prosperous middle class in, say Tamil Nadu, would wonder why their tax monies are being spent to subsidise the inefficiencies of the masses of Uttar Pradesh. The urban crowds of Bangalore or Pune—fearing risks of squalor and crime—may not take too kindly to the rush of poor migrants from Bihar. Such fault lines have been seen in China and Korea, though these countries created high quality jobs in manufacturing, which is less true in India, and given the linguistic differences, managing these will be a fine art at all levels of the administration.

In the run up to 2030, India’s leaders will have to address the skewed nature of India’s development and will have to counter two fundamental questions, both of which have no correct answer.

India has lifted 271 million people out of poverty in the last decade (between 2006 and 2016) [10] , as per the United Nations Development Programme’s 2019 Multidimensional Poverty Index. This number is sometimes contested because of inaccuracies and lags in Indian economic data. Nonetheless, India’s extraordinary feat in tackling poverty hides many inconsistencies, as has been pointed out by Nobel laureate Amartya Sen and economist Jean Dreze in their earlier book “An Uncertain Glory”. Gender, caste and geographical disparities haunt India’s poor. Like elsewhere in the world, rising inequality is an issue in India. India’s Gini Coefficient – a standard measure of income inequality – is already worrying, especially given our stage of development. However, this picture of inequality is very different from western experience in the past decade, where standards of living for large sections of society have declined as compared to that of their parents. In India and in most developing countries, absolute gains have been across the board, even though uneven.

In the run up to 2030, India’s leaders will have to address the skewed nature of India’s development and will have to counter two fundamental questions, both of which have no correct answer. One is philosophical. The contradiction between liberty and equality – highlighted in Will Durant’s remarkable book “The Lessons of History” – will need to be addressed. The other is political. In a famous interaction between former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and an un-named Chinese minister on the Chinese reform programme, when asked whether it would lead to greater inequality in China, the Chinese minister replied “We would certainly hope so.” Ideologically, I consider myself the right fringe of the left-movement, and would suggest that each one of us, not just political leaders or policy wonks, take a hard, holistic and pragmatic look at this question. 2030 is waiting for our answer.

3. Smart Policy Solutions and a Sense of Ownership Will Be Important

My generation has been fortunate that we started our work life in the aftermath of the 1991 reforms. India’s growth rate quickly got reset to an upward trajectory. As India shed its socialist leanings and internalised the dynamism of free markets, the very definition of the ideological centre in the left-right economic dialogues moved decidedly towards the right. This trajectory has continued under governments of all hues and has been accelerated in the recent policy announcements. Indeed, the debates from thirty years ago seem archaic.

As India shed its socialist leanings and internalised the dynamism of free markets, the very definition of the ideological centre in the left-right economic dialogues moved decidedly towards the right.

As businessmen, we need to benchmark what our economic expectations are. First, we need to anchor it to the reality of the country. Economic theory tells us that growth is investment rate divided by incremental capital output ratio. Both are sticky numbers. India’s investment rate for long stretches has hovered around 30% [11] . The investment rate is strongly correlated to India’s savings rate, which in turn is partly cultural and partly determined by the dependency ratio. Because of our high dependency ratio, our savings rate in the 1960s was almost half of what it is currently. As our savings rate doubled, so did our growth. India’s incremental capital output ratio is about 4 and is inching upwards. Therefore, India’s fighting weight in terms of economic growth is in the range of 7-7.5% and this is what it should strive for.

Second, we have to think probabilistically. We have to imagine scenarios and work with possibilities rather than a deterministic path. India’s growth will fluctuate around this number, and we should not get ecstatic if it goes to 9% briefly or collapses to 4.5% periodically. Both have happened and have invited extreme views. As India’s investment rate has circumstantially fluctuated, we have seen its effect on the GDP figures, most of which is short-lived. To borrow from Rudyard Kipling, we have to learn to meet with Triumph and Disaster, and treat those two impostors just the same!

Third, superficial comparisons with other countries are misleading. For instance, an oft-asked question in business circles is how China managed a spectacular growth rate of 10% for almost two decades. Here’s the answer: In most of that period, China’s savings rate was 45% and its incremental capital output ratio was about 5. The math was simple. Years of sub-par investments fuelled by a debt binge increased the incremental capital output ratio to 7 or more [12] . Growth fell at 6.5%. The magic ended. One should not consider this a failure, but a somewhat natural outcome of the economy maturing.

Fourth, India’s favourable demographic window will create what Charlie Munger calls the “Lollapalooza” effect. Berkshire Hathaway Vice Chairman Charlie Munger coined the term to outline how multiple different tendencies and mental models combine to act in the same direction. Low dependency ratios will fuel a self-reinforcing cycle of savings, investments and growth. A bulge in working age population, which started in 2018 and is expected to last till 2050 [13] , can help turbocharge growth, as happened with many Asian countries in the late 20 th century, which saw near-double digit economic growth for decades. To borrow from astrology, India’s stars are rightly aligned.

If one stays with India’s natural fighting weight in terms of economic growth, in the short to medium term, good governance can change the number by 1%.

Governments matter. In some ways, more than we think. In other ways, less than we think. In the early 1990s, 40.85% [14] of Uttar Pradesh’s population and 22.19% of the combined Andhra Pradesh was below the poverty line. Both were near the bottom of the league tables. Twenty years later in 2011-12, Uttar Pradesh’s poverty rate was 29.43% [15] , while Andhra Pradesh had managed to reduce it to 9.20%. Political entrepreneurship clearly works. On the other hand, in the near term global macro and economic cycles matter more than governance. If one stays with India’s natural fighting weight in terms of economic growth, in the short to medium term, good governance can change the number by 1%. Global conditions—trade barriers, commodity prices, interest rates—can change this by a larger factor. In the long term, as macro-forces cancel each other, global macro goes into the background. What’s left is governance. People often tend to misattribute credit and blame. Political and election cycles, the recurring hum of central government or some state government elections, amplify this trend. So, one request, my friends: don’t focus on 2022 or even 2025, but on 2030!

Optimism is warranted. Here’s a surprising fact from the World Bank: Their “Lived Change Index” uses lifetime per capita GDP to track how much economic change a population has experienced [16] . Over the past three decades, China is an outlier, having delivered 31x, with runner up Poland at 9x, and India comes in 6 th at 5x, ahead of Singapore, Malaysia and Brazil. India needs to continue to play the long game well.

An ascending India of 2030 will act in a versatile manner, have foresight and will shape the global agenda.

At the same time, speed will be of essence. Consider the following world events: coup in Myanmar, power crisis in Texas, Australia vs Facebook, Bitcoin hit $50,000, China banned BBC, NASA landed on Mars, India sent vaccines to many countries, global drop in Covid cases, first US airstrike under Biden. As data researcher Norbert Elekes pointed out, all of these happened in the single month of February 2021. Given this accelerating pace of world events, an ascending India of 2030 will act in a versatile manner, have foresight and will shape the global agenda.

4. The Action Will Be at the Intersection of Politics and Economics

The adage “The economy is too important to be left to economists” is often attributed to Winston Churchill but here I am referring to the seminal book by Robert Reich, well known UC Berkeley academic and former Labour Secretary in the Clinton Administration. He wrote passionately about the role of government in the era of late stage capitalism that we are in. South Korea’s “Miracle on the Han River”, from the early 1960s to the late 1980s, is considered unprecedented in the history of the world, and was led by its outward looking government. China’s transformation was anchored by Deng Xiaoping’s “To be rich is glorious” moment in the late 1970s. Germany, Mexico, Czech Republic, all had similar political champions.

In India, as political power devolves from the centre to the states, governance will become a deeper determinant of success.

In India, as political power devolves from the centre to the states, governance will become a deeper determinant of success. Whether it is managing the government’s precarious finances or streamlining the maze of direct and indirect taxation, whether it is solving the accumulated problems of bad loans on the books of India’s banks or bringing real long-term interest rates down from the high 5% that has haunted Indian business, whether it is navigating the world of trade agreements or strategising as multinationals ponder over their China+1 plans, whether it is tackling head on India’s poor social indicators or upgrading India’s state capacity, whether it is advancing India’s geopolitical standing or optimising India’s privatisation programme, whether it is tech-sector regulation or accelerating action on India’s legal backlog of 45 million cases [17] , whether it is catching up on India’s infrastructure needs or solving India’s agricultural inefficiencies, the winning formula will reside at the intersection of politics and economics. Economics will provide the logic, politics will provide the leeway.

India’s demographics is both a boon and a bane. India’s window of opportunity is perhaps the next decade and a half.

India’s demographics is both a boon and a bane. India’s window of opportunity is perhaps the next decade and a half. The over-65 population is projected to overtake the under-five group between 2025 and 2030. “India Ageing Report 2017” by the United Nations Population Fund says the share of population over the age of 60 would increase from 8% in 2015 to 19% in 2050. All this will reverse the trend of declining dependency ratios, hurt the savings-investment-growth dynamic, and moderate India’s economic growth rates. I read a tweet recently, which reflected the sentiments of Middle America: “The lifestyle you ordered is out of stock,” This would likely play out in India as well. With the build up of aspirations on one side and the weight of demographic reversals on the other side, tensions will surely mount.

Political leaders will have to lead with a singular focus and follow Jim Collins’ management advice regarding leadership in a world of complexity and uncertainty: “Instead of being oppressed by the “Tyranny of the Or”, highly visionary companies liberate themselves with the “Genius of the And”— the ability to embrace both extremes of a number of dimensions at the same time.” For Vision 2030 and beyond, boxes are out, fluidity is in.

Policy adventurism has long tails. For instance, recent news reports [18] , though contested [19] , show how government finances have been hurt by the oil bonds of the 2005-10 period, which were issued by the government to oil marketing companies to compensate for under-recoveries resulting from rise in crude prices which they were not allowed to pass on to consumers and industry. These, estimated between $10 to $18 billion, is now coming due, starting from late 2021 through to 2026. Such exercises of creative management of the Union Budget have added up to make government finances precarious and are effectively making taxpayers today pay for subsidies handed out to consumers more than a decade ago. In most such cases, politics wins, economics loses. Hard headed economics needs to be brought centre-stage.

In the near term, while the seductive appeal of nationalism, populism and protectionism will prevail, ultimately the pendulum will swing towards global integration, and our own historical experience of being an autarky will probably make us a champion of free markets and globalisation as this decade comes to an end.

Political polarisation would also likely have economic solutions. In a very timely essay in The American Purpose, Steven Feldstein (2021), a Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment, spoke about the risks of technologically driven echo chambers and safe havens: “There is a risk that democracies will fracture even further, into “splinternets,” unable to coordinate norms and standards.” Such risks are even more stark in India because of its multidimensional diversity. A singular focus on tangible prosperity can channelise the narrative. In the near term, while the seductive appeal of nationalism, populism and protectionism will prevail, ultimately the pendulum will swing towards global integration, and our own historical experience of being an autarky will probably make us a champion of free markets and globalisation as this decade comes to an end. And importantly, India has been conditioned to look West. Much of the action now is in the East and as India cracks the East Asian trade networks, the rewards are likely to be disproportionate.

As the world moves from bilateralism to multilateralism, alignments will be more issue based and tactical, giving Middle Powers like India new abilities to shape the world.

The Lowy Asia Power Index (2020) ranks countries based on eight criteria: economic capability, military capability, resilience, future resources, economic relationships, defence networks, diplomatic relations and cultural influence. Directly or indirectly, all of these factors are a confluence of political and economic forces. In the 2020 survey, India ranked 4th, after the United States, China and Japan. By 2030, India could easily come 3rd, if not 2nd. Geopolitically, India will have an opening: As the world moves from bilateralism to multilateralism, alignments will be more issue based and tactical, giving Middle Powers like India new abilities to shape the world. However, capitalising on it, will require an integrated worldview, the core of which will be India’s economic strength, aided and abetted by political craftsmanship, the deep roots of the Indian diaspora, and India’s near-natural status to be a counterweight to China.

The shortest poem in the world – Me, We – was recited by heavyweight boxing champ Muhammad Ali at the Harvard Commencement in 1975. It signified the paradox of self-confidence and deference to the community. The decade leading to 2030 will need Indian leaders to recite such poetry.

5. Conclusion: To Win, Practice Cathedral Thinking

The economic prize of 2030 may not seem that attractive at first glance. According to the World Economic League Tables (2021), India’s GDP in 2030 will be $6.2 trillion, translating to $4185 on a per capita basis. However, on a PPP basis, this would be at least 3x more, comparable to Indonesia, South Africa or Peru today. As a society we should endeavour to beat this base case. Getting there will require Cathedral Thinking.

Cathedral Thinking refers to long-term, visionary work that could take generations to complete. Much like building a massive cathedral, those who lay the first stones won’t be there to savour the finished product. Yet each worker is driven to make a meaningful contribution to something that will be enjoyed by future generations, who they’ll never meet. That is the long-range vision leaders need if India has to reach its true potential.

For those who think that a nation’s economic fate is determined by geography or culture, Daron Acemoglu and Jim Robinson (2012) have bad news. In their remarkable book, “Why Nations Fail”, they go through two thousand years of political and economic history, and conclude that it’s man-made institutions, not resources or endowments or the contingencies of history, that are the prime determinants of whether a country is rich or poor. India’s institutions need to be reset for the new era of global competition.

India of 2030 will look very different from an institutional setting and that will perhaps be the core driver of all the surface changes that we will encounter.

A few things stand out. India’s institutions are typically forced to cater to a range of conflicting demands. Regulators often play catch up with market realities. Many government policies have a crisis as a frame of reference. And lastly, in India’s defining moments, individual heroism trumps institutional initiatives. India of 2030 will look very different from an institutional setting and that will perhaps be the core driver of all the surface changes that we will encounter.

Success – amongst people, businesses, countries – is not a result of more good luck, less bad luck, bigger spikes of luck, or better timing of luck. Instead, they make more of their luck than others. The current decade is a time to maximise our return on luck!

256 Network & Praxis Global Alliance. (2021). Turning Ideas to Gold. Retrieved from url:https://www.praxisga.com/reports-and-publications/financial-investors-group/report-turning-ideas-to-gold

Acemoglu, D. & Robinson, J.A. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. New York: Crown Publishers, Random House.

Collins, J. & Porras, J.I. (1994). Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies. United States: Harper Business. ISBN 0-060-56610-8

Dreze, J. & Sen, A. (2013). An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Durant, W. & Durant, A. (1968). The Lessons of History. Simon & Schuster.

Feldstein, S. (2021). Can Democracy Survive the “Splinternet?”. American Purpose. Retrieved from url: https://www.americanpurpose.com/articles/can-democracy-survive-the-splinternet/

India Ageing Report (2017). Caring for Our Elders: Early Responses, available at https://india.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/India%20Ageing%20Report%20-%202017%20%28Final%20Version%29.pdf

Lowy Institute Asia Power Index. (2020). Lowy Institute. Retrieved from: https://power.lowyinstitute.org/

Pitch Madison Advertising Report 2019. Retrieved from url: https://www.exchange4media.com/PMAR19-Final.pdf

Press Trust of India. (September 2, 2021). ‘India added three ‘unicorns’ per month in 2021: Hurun report’. Business Standard.

Reliance Industries Limited Integrated Annual Report 2019-2020. https://www.ril.com/getattachment/299caec5-2e8a-43b7-8f70-d633a150d07e/AnnualReport_2019-20.aspx

Reserve Bank of India Bulletin. August 2021. Volume LXXV Number 8. Retrieved from url: https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Bulletin/PDFs/0BULLETINAUG2021767F2556D32A4061B0AC0EE3C54C1208.PDF

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. (2020). The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators, July-September 2020. New Delhi. Retrieved from url: https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/QPIR_21012021_0.pdf

United Nations Development Programme. (2019). The 2019 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). United Nations Development Programme and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. Retrieved from url: http://hdr.undp.org/en/2019-MPI

United Nations Population Fund 2017. ‘Caring for Our Elders: Early Responses’ – India Ageing Report – 2017. New Delhi, India: UNFPA. Retrieved from url: https://india.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/India%20Ageing%20Report%20-%202017%20%28Final%20Version%29.pdf

Virmani, A., 2004. India’s economic growth: From socialist rate of growth to Bharatiya rate of growth, (No. 122). ICRIER Working Paper.

WORLD ECONOMIC LEAGUE TABLE (2021). Available at https://cebr.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/WELT-2021-final-23.12.pdf

Zac Dycthwald. (2021). China’s New Innovation Advantage. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from url: https://hbr.org/2021/05/chinas-new-innovation-advantage

[1] See https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/redefining-the-hindu-rate-of-growth/104268/

[2] https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/at-92-salary-growth-in-india-is-highest-in-asia/article30462524.ece

[3] See data from Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India

[4] See Pitch Madison Advertising Report 2019 available here https://www.exchange4media.com/PMAR19-Final.pdf

[5] Reliance Industries Limited Annual Report 2019-20, page 4

[6] See 100 Unicorns: India’s changing corporate strategy, India Market Strategy, Credit Suisse, March 10, 2021. Quoted in RBI Bulletin, August 2021.

[7] https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/india-added-three-unicorns-per-month-in-2021-hurun-report-121090200848_1.html

[8] https://www1.nseindia.com/content/indices/ind_nifty50.pdf

[9] Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, RBI

[10] https://gdc.unicef.org/resource/report-india-lifted-271-million-people-out-poverty-decade

[11] India’s investment rate as a percentage of GDP has fluctuated between 20% and 35%. With increase in NPAs this has been pulled down. However, the government has been prompt in taking strong actions by the Asset Quality Review followed by the introduction of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. These should bring back the NPAs to reasonable levels and kickstart the credit cycle.

[12] https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2019/01/22/joyless-growth-in-china-india-and-the-united-states/

[13] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/age-dependency-ratio-projected-to-2100

[14] https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=18810

[15] https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=18810

[16] https://hbr.org/2021/05/chinas-new-innovation-advantage

[17] https://www.news18.com/news/explainers/explained-cji-ramana-says-4-5-crore-cases-pending-heres-what-has-been-fuelling-backlog-3977411.html

[18] https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-oil-bonds-upa-launched-why-how-much-and-what-nda-argues-7458773/

[19] https://scroll.in/article/894559/fact-check-have-upa-era-oil-bonds-prevented-modi-government-from-reducing-oil-prices

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India Essay

Essay on India

India is the largest democratic country. It is a big country divided into 29 states and 7 union territories. These states and union territories have been created so that the government can run the country more easily. India also has many different kinds of physical features in different parts of the country that are spread over its states and union territories. India is a very diverse country as well, which means that the people around the country are different in many ways. Even though India is such a diverse place, it is united as one country.

Political Divisions

India is the seventh-largest country and has the second-largest population in the world. Here is the map of India showing 29 states and 7 union territories. These political divisions are made so that the government can run the country more easily. Though we live in different states, everyone is an Indian first.

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Physical Features

The Indian subcontinent has many different physical features shared with its neighbours that are also in the subcontinent – Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. The physical features of India form six different natural regions.

The Northern Mountains

The Northern Plains

The Great Indian Desert

The Southern Plateau

The Coastal Plains

The Island Regions

The Northern Mountains: These are the Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world. They form a natural boundary between India and a large part of Asia. Two neighbouring countries, Nepal and Bhutan are situated in these mountains.

The Northern Plains: They are located to the south of the Himalayas. They extend into Pakistan in the west. Bangladesh is situated on the eastern part of the plains.

The Great Indian Desert: The western part of India is a desert with less rainfall. This desert is called the Thar Desert.

The Southern Plateau: This plateau region lies to the south of the Great Northern Plains and is called the Deccan Plateau. The Vindhya and Satpura ranges in the north, the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats surround the Deccan Plateau.

The Coastal Plains: The Eastern coastal plain lies between the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Ghats. The western coastal plain lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats.

The Island Regions: The island regions of India are two archipelagos on either side of Peninsula India. The Lakshadweep Islands are in the Arabian Sea and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are in the Bay of Bengal.

The Rivers of India

The Indian subcontinent has many rivers. Some important rivers are the Indus, Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Sutlej, the Narmada and Tapi rivers.

These physical features and rivers link the people of India.

National Symbols

The National Flag of India is in the tricolour of deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportions. The saffron stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation, the white for purity and the truth and the green for faith and fertility. In the centre of the white band, there is a wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital.

The National Emblem of India is a replica of the Lion of Sarnath and symbolizes India’s reaffirmation of its ancient commitment to world peace and goodwill.

The National Anthem of India is Jana Gana Mana and the National song is Vande Mataram.

The National Animal of India is Tiger, which symbolizes grace, strength and power.

The National Bird of India is Peacock, which symbolizes beauty, majesty and pride.

The National Flower of India is Lotus, which symbolizes purity, wealth, richness, knowledge and serenity.

The National Tree of India is the Great Banyan Tree and because of its characteristics and longevity, the tree is considered immortal and sacred. It is an integral part of the myths and legends in India.

The National Fruit is Mango and it is the most cultivated fruit of the tropical world.

Indian food is diverse. The geography of a region influences the food that people eat. The staple food of people is what grows in their regions. In North India, the staple food is Wheat. In East and South India, the staple food is Rice. In West India, the staple food is Millet. Daals are eaten in almost the entire country and prepared in different ways.

Indians speak different languages. The Constitution of India mentions 22 languages. However, India has around 800 languages. Hindi is the official language of India.

India is a country of many different religions and each has different festivals. Some important festivals are Baisakhi, Diwali, Eid, Ganesh Chaturthi, Dussehra and Christmas.

Unity in Diversity

The people of India, their foods, festivals and languages – all these make India a very diverse country. However, there are also things that unite the people of India:

The National symbols like the Indian flag and the National Anthem.

The Constitution of India, which was written in the early years of our Independence. It unites the Indians because it has rules and laws that are the same for all people.

The Constitution says that all Indians are equal in the eyes of the law.

All Indians who are over the age of 18 and have registered as voters can vote in elections.

FAQs on India Essay

Q1. Describe the National Flag of India.

Ans. The National Flag of India is in the tricolour of deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportions. The saffron stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation, the white, for purity and the truth and the green for faith and fertility. In the centre of the white band, there is a wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital.

Q2. What is the population of India?

Ans. The population of India is 1 billion 325 million. India has the second-largest population in the world.

Q3. What are the important Festivals Celebrated in India?

Ans. Some of the important festivals celebrated in India are Diwali, Dussehra, Eid and Christmas.

Q4. Why is India called the largest Democratic Country?

Ans. India is the largest democratic country because the citizens of India have the right to elect their representatives who form and run the government.

Essay on India For Students and Children

500+ words essay on india.

India is a great country where people speak different languages but the national language is Hindi. India is full of different castes, creeds, religion, and cultures but they live together. That’s the reasons India is famous for the common saying of “ unity in diversity “. India is the seventh-largest country in the whole world.

Geography and Culture

India has the second-largest population in the world. India is also knowns as Bharat, Hindustan and sometimes Aryavart. It is surrounded by oceans from three sides which are Bay Of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and Indian oceans in the south. Tiger is the national animal of India. Peacock is the national bird of India. Mango is the national fruit of India. “ Jana Gana Mana ” is the national anthem of India . “Vande Mataram” is the national song of India. Hockey is the national sport of India. People of different religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism , Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity and Judaism lives together from ancient times. India is also rich in monuments, tombs, churches, historical buildings, temples, museums, scenic beauty, wildlife sanctuaries , places of architecture and many more. The great leaders and freedom fighters are from India.

F lag of India

The indian flag has tricolors.

The first color that is uppermost color in the flag which is the saffron color, stands for purity. The second color i.e. the middle color in the flag is the white color and it stands for peace. The third color that is the lowest color in the flag is the green color and it stands for fertility. The white color has an Ashoka Chakra of blue color on it. Ashoka Chakra contains twenty-four spokes which are equally divided. India has 29 states and 7 union territories.

Follow this link to get a Physical and state-wise Map of India

My Favorite States from India are as follows –

Rajasthan itself has a glorious history. It is famous for many brave kings, their deeds, and their art and architecture. It has a sandy track that’s why the nuclear test was held here. Rajasthan is full of desert, mountain range, lakes, dense forest, attractive oases, and temples, etc. Rajasthan is also known as “Land Of Sacrifice”. In Rajasthan, you can see heritage things of all the kings who ruled over there and for that, you can visit Udaipur, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Chittaurgarh, etc.

Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh is bigger than a foreign (Italy) country and smaller than Oman. It also has tourists attractions for its places. In Madhya Pradesh, you can see temples, lakes, fort, art and architecture, rivers, jungles, and many things. You can visit in Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Bhopal, Gwalior and many cities. Khajuraho, Sanchi Stupa, Pachmarhi, Kanha national park, Mandu, etc. are the places must visit.

Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir are known as heaven on earth . We can also call Jammu and Kashmir as Tourists Paradise. There are many places to visit Jammu and Kashmir because they have an undisturbed landscape, motorable road, beauty, lying on the banks of river Jhelum, harmony, romance, sceneries, temples and many more.

In Jammu and Kashmir, u can enjoy boating, skiing, skating, mountaineering, horse riding, fishing, snowfall, etc. In Jammu and Kashmir, you can see a variety of places such as Srinagar, Vaishnav Devi, Gulmarg, Amarnath, Patnitop, Pahalgam, Sonamarg, Lamayuru, Nubra Valley, Hemis, Sanasar, Anantnag, Kargil, Dachigam National Park, Pulwama, Khilanmarg, Dras, Baltal, Bhaderwah, Pangong Lake, Magnetic Hill, Tso Moriri, Khardung La, Aru Valley, Suru Basin,Chadar Trek, Zanskar Valley, Alchi Monastery, Darcha Padum Trek, Kishtwar National Park, Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Nyoma, Dha Hanu, Uleytokpo, Yusmarg, Tarsar Marsar Trek and many more.

It is known as the ‘God’s Own Country’, Kerala is a state in India, situated in the southwest region, it is bordered by a number of beaches; covered by hills of Western Ghats and filled with backwaters, it is a tourist destination attracting people by its natural beauty. The most important destinations which you can see in Kerela are the museum, sanctuary, temples, backwaters, and beaches. Munnar, Kovalam, Kumarakom, and Alappad.

India is a great country having different cultures, castes, creed, religions but still, they live together. India is known for its heritage, spices, and of course, for people who live here. That’s the reasons India is famous for the common saying of “unity in diversity”. India is also well known as the land of spirituality , philosophy, science, and technology.

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