research topics in agricultural economics pdf

Research Topics in Agricultural and Applied Economics

Editor(s) : anthony n. rezitis.

DOI: 10.2174/97816080526391120301 eISBN: 978-1-60805-263-9, 2012 ISBN: 978-1-60805-699-6 ISSN: 2589-1472 (Print) ISSN: 1879-7415 (Online)

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For Books Anthony N. Rezitis , " Research Topics in Agricultural and Applied Economics ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). https://doi.org/10.2174/97816080526391120301

Book Volume 3

Page: i-i (1) Author: Trevor Young DOI: 10.2174/97816080526391120301000i

Page: ii-iii (2) Author: Anthony N. Rezitis DOI: 10.2174/9781608052639112030100ii

List of Contributors

Page: iv-vi (3) Author: Anthony N. Rezitis DOI: 10.2174/9781608052639112030100iv

Full text available.

Milk Production Forecasting by a Neuro-Fuzzy Model

Page: 3-11 (9) Author: Atsalakis S. George, Parasyri G. Maria and Zopounidis D. Constantinos DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010003 PDF Price: $15

Many fields are increasingly applying Neuro-fuzzy techniques such as in model identification and forecasting of linear and non-linear systems. This chapter presents a neuro-fuzzy model for forecasting milk production of two producers. The model utilizes a time series of daily data. The milk forecasting model is based on Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). ANFIS uses a hybrid learning technique that combines the least-squares method and the back propagation gradient descent method to estimate the optimal milk forecast parameters. The results indicate the superiority of ANFIS model when compared with two conventional models: an Autoregressive (AR) and an Autoregressive Moving Average model (ARMA).

The Role of Production Contracts in the Coordination of Agri-Food Chain: Evidence and Future Issues for the Durum Wheat Chain in Italy

Page: 12-22 (11) Author: Davide Viaggi and Giacomo Zanni DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010012 PDF Price: $15

The economics of contracts has undergone major developments in the recent decades. At the same time, the issue of co-ordination among actors in the same product chain through contractual instruments has attracted significant attention. In addition, the recent volatility of agricultural prices has made the role of contracts in risk allocation more important across different stages of the production chain. The paper explores the role of production contracts in the co-ordination of agri-food chain, considering evidence from the particular case of the durum wheat chain in Italy. After a review of the literature and brief examination of the sector and institutional context of Italian wheat production, the paper considers the present and potential role of production contracts, through a Delphi exercise. Based on this, proposals for action priorities (policy) are discussed along with an agenda for future research. The outcome of the Delphi exercise confirms the perceived need of improving the use of contracts in the Italian wheat sector. It also confirms the difficulties in addressing this issue. Solutions and needs for further research are identified at two main levels: a) detailed contract design; and b) wider chain governance.

Effects of the European Union Farm Credit Programs on Efficiency and Productivity of the Greek Agricultural Sector: A Stochastic DEA Application

Page: 23-46 (24) Author: Anthony N. Rezitis, Kostas Tsiboukas and Stavros Tsoukalas DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010023 PDF Price: $15

This study examines technical efficiency and productivity growth of Greek farms participating in the 1994 European Union Farm Credit Programs (1994-EU-FCP), i.e. regulation 2328/91. In this paper, two farm-level economic data sets are used, i.e. the crop and the livestock data set, where each one consists of two different groups of farms: one group contains farms participating in the 1994-EU-FCP while the other one contains non-participating farms. The data sets are observed over the 1993 and 1997 years. The paper uses the approach developed by Simar and Wilson (1998a, b) to bootstrapping both DEA efficiency measures and Malmquist productivity indices. Furthermore, the present paper uses the Malmquist index decomposition proposed by Simar and Wilson (1998b) and Zofio and Lovell (1997) to investigate the sources of productivity change. The technical efficiency score results indicate that, in terms of the crop oriented farms, the program failed to increase the efficiency of the participated farms even though the most efficient farms entered the 1994-EU-FCP. In contrast, in terms of the livestock oriented farms, the program managed to increase the efficiency of the participated farms though less efficient farms entered the program. The total factor productivity growth results, in terms of crop-oriented farms, show statistically significant decline of productivity for the group of program farms but a statistically significant increase for the group of non-program farms. The total factor productivity growth results, in terms of livestock oriented farms, show a statistically significant increase of productivity for the group of program farms but no change for the group of non-program farms.

Institutional Innovations in the Common Agricultural Policy: A Theoretical Approach based on Legitimacy

Page: 47-56 (10) Author: Melania Salazar-Ordóñez and Gabriel Pérez-Alcalá DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010047 PDF Price: $15

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) has been highly political and social controversy, within the EU as well as at international level. However, the reforms on the institutional structure have not been frequently analysed. This paper, based on the Institutional Innovation Theory, examines the role of different exogenous and endogenous factors which have been boosted or slowed down, the five CAP reforms. According to these factors we analyse three key issues in the EU general political system, two topics in the EU domestic-economic system and the external pressures. Later, these factors are considered on a theoretical approach applying investment theory and expected utility maximization by means of the net present value model and dependency relations. The main results show that role played by the EU institutional structure is fundamental as a limited factor, and the external pressures and citizen’s acceptance of this policy are an important boost factor.

Agricultural Externalities and Environmental Regulation: The Case of Manure Management and Spreading Land Allocation

Page: 57-69 (13) Author: Isabelle Piot-Lepetit DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010057 PDF Price: $15

The aim of this paper is firstly to show how the measures introduced by the European regulation on manure management are incorporated into the theoretical analysis framework for studying the issue of nonpoint externality and especially, agricultural runoff. The model is extended because only some of the polluting emissions at the origin of diffuse pollution are regulated by the Nitrates Directive. More specifically, the model represents the standard that limits the spreading of organic manure to 170 kg/ha as a production right assigned to each farm. Secondly, this paper proposes an empirical model in which the theoretical assumption that productive abilities are fully exploited is relaxed. In order to describe the disparity that exists between individual situations, an empirical model represents the production technology by means of a directional distance function. Finally, the aggregation properties of the directional distance function are used to simulate the practice of looking for off-farm lands as a means of complying with the standard. We look at how land can be allocated among producers in such a way as to combine the disposal of manure in accordance with the limit of the Nitrates Directive with an improvement in the productive and environmental efficiency of all farms. Using a sample of French pig farms, results indicate only a low potential for a reduction in nitrogen pollution based on the reduction in productive inefficiencies and the allocation of spreading lands among farmers in a same area.

Energy Crops Situation in Castile and Leon: Incentives and Barriers to Success

Page: 70-93 (24) Author: Rita Robles and Luigi Vannini DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010070 PDF Price: $15

Over the last few years, a number of events have produced deep change in Spanish agriculture. The agreements ensuring from the negotiations within the World Trade Organization (WTO), the new exigencies of the demand for reducing the surpluses of certain food and feed crops (cereals, oil-seeds, sugar beet…) and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) expenses, the reform of CAP and the different Common Markets Organizations (CMO’s), along with the vocation to produce (greatly influenced by geo-climatic factors), have led to a deep and long-lasting crisis of the sector in many important agricultural regions in Spain, as is the case in Castile and Leon. This crisis implies depopulation and alteration of the population structure and the rural environment, with subsequent environmental, socio-cultural and territorial consequences. Within this framework, energy crops are one of the scarce local productive orientations which could allow Castile and Leon farmers to produce an output demanded by the markets. This paper examines the current situation and the possibilities of development for this sector, using the Rural Rapid Appraisal (RRA) and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) methods, in order to identify and assess the profitability of the main energy crops as well as the technical, socio-cultural, political and economic barriers for introducing these crops in the local productive farming sector. The study also provides an evaluation of the last energy and CAP measures and an outlook for future market developments and policy recommendations.

Governing of Agro-Ecosystem Services in Bulgaria

Page: 94-129 (36) Author: Hrabrin Bachev DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010094 PDF Price: $15

This paper incorporates interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics and analyzes the governance of agro-ecosystem services in Bulgaria. Firstly, it presents a comprehensive framework of analyses of environmental governance including: definition of agroecosystem services and governance; specification of governance needs and spectrum of governing modes (formal and informal institutions, market, private, public and hybrid forms); assessment of efficiency of different modes of governance in terms of their potential to protect diverse eco-rights and investments, assure a socially desirable level of agro-ecosystem services, minimize overall costs, coordinate and stimulate eco-activities, meet individual and social preferences and reconcile conflicts of related agents etc. Secondly, it identifies and assesses the governance of agro-ecosystem services in Bulgaria. It proves that post-communist transition and EU integration brought about significant changes in the state and the governance of agro-ecosystems services. Newly evolved market, private and public governance has led to a significant improvement of the part of agro-ecosystems services introducing modern eco-standards and public support, enhancing environmental stewardship, disintensifying production, recovering landscape and traditional productions, diversifying quality, products and services. At the same time, the novel governance is associated with new challenges such as unsustainable exploitation, lost biodiversity, land degradation, water and air contamination etc. Moreover, it demonstrates that implementation of the EU common policies would have no desired impact on agro-ecosystem services unless special measures are taken to improve management of public programs, extend public support to dominating small-scale and subsistence farms.

Ex Post Liability for Loss vs. Ex Ante Liability Insurance as Solutions to Reversal Risk in Carbon Offset Projects

Page: 130-144 (15) Author: Joshua Anyangah DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010130 PDF Price: $15

When included as part of a larger emissions rights trading system, carbon offset projects can automatically achieve a given reduction of emissions in a cost-effective manner. One major concern with this system, however, is the risk of emissions reversal-the deliberate or accidental release of carbon back to the atmosphere long after carbon credits have changed hands. This downside risk may adversely affect the market value of offset credits and undermine the integrity of the carbon trading system. To address this weakness, at least two financial responsibility rules have been proposed. One calls for the imposition of liability, ex post, upon project developers. The other alternative, an ex ante measure, requires that project developers have adequate liability insurance coverage prior to undertaking any offset projects. Taking the view that project developers can control the severity of financial losses arising from reversal and assuming a negligence rule of liability for harm, this paper employs the methods of mechanism design to examine the impact of ex-post liability rules and ex ante liability insurance requirements on incentives to reduce risk. We find that the relative ranking of these two rules crucially depends on the extent of uncertainty regarding the legal standard under liability rules: if uncertainty regarding the legal standard is sufficiently large, then incentives are more pronounced under insurance rules than under liability rules; if the uncertainty regarding the legal standard is sufficiently small, however, then the converse is true.

A Choice Experiments Application in Transport Infrastructure: A Case Study on Travel Time Savings, Accidents and Pollution Reduction

Page: 145-155 (11) Author: Phoebe Koundouri, Yiannis Kountouris and Mavra Stithou DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010145 PDF Price: $15

This paper presents the results of a Choice Experiment (CE) conducted to estimate the values derived from a highway construction project in Greece. To account for preference heterogeneity conditional logit with interactions and random parameter logit models are estimated. The results indicate that individuals have significant values for travel time savings, percentage decrease in traffic accidents, percentage decrease in traffic related emissions and landscape modifications. Models where the attributes are interacted with socioeconomic variables perform better and produce lower welfare estimates compared to models without interactions with important implications for cost benefit analysis.

Page: 156-157 (2) Author: Anthony N. Rezitis DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010156

Introduction

The aim of this e-book series is to publish high quality economic research in agricultural and applied economics. It particularly fosters quantitative studies which make original contribution on important economic issues, the results of which help to understand and solve real economic problems. This volume contains research papers focusing on the areas of agricultural policy, agricultural price volatility, agricultural finance and cooperatives, consumption economics, firm production and organization, human capital convergence, international economics and multinational business, investment decisions in organic agriculture, market structure and industry studies. The research papers of this volume make use of recent methodological approaches and provide conclusions which are useful to both private sector participants and policy-makers.

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New Perspectives on Agricultural Economics, 2022-2026

The proposed initiative will involve four distinct research projects on different topics in agricultural economics. The topics will be selected each year on the basis of interests of ERS staff and some bearing on emerging or current policy issues. NBER research does not make policy recommendations, but provides background information and analysis that can inform policy decisions.

The proposed topic for the 2023 project is “Assessing the Distributional Impacts of Climate Change in the Agricultural Sector.” Climate change affects all aspects of the agricultural sector, from the production of food and fiber, through the choice of technology by producers, to the set of products that are available to consumers and the prices of those products. USDA is committed to understanding the consequences of climate change, as well as the impact of potential policy responses. Economic research on climate-related issues can advance this mission.

The 2023 project will focus on distributional impacts, because USDA is also committed to promoting equitable outcomes both in the impact of climate-related changes and in the design of policy responses. Doing so requires analysis and measurement of the effects of climate change in the agricultural sector on different groups in the population. These include producers and consumers, households in different income groups, racial and ethnic groups, those who live in different areas, and groups defined along other dimensions.

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Supported by the us department of agriculture grant #59-1000-2-0076, more from nber.

In addition to working papers , the NBER disseminates affiliates’ latest findings through a range of free periodicals — the NBER Reporter , the NBER Digest , the Bulletin on Retirement and Disability , the Bulletin on Health , and the Bulletin on Entrepreneurship  — as well as online conference reports , video lectures , and interviews .

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Pathways towards food sector sustainability: the case of vending

This paper reviews the literature on sustainability in the food vending industry to understand whether: (1) the topic of sustainable development is addressed at the academic level when it comes to the sector; ...

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Heterogeneity in farmers’ stage of behavioural change in intercropping adoption: an application of the Transtheoretical Model

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Sustainability of European agri-food supply chain using MRP-PCI multicriteria analysis method

The need for a more sustainable agri-food system is a topic that has attracted growing interest in recent years. Several international and European policies such as Agenda 2030 and the European Green Deal have...

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In recent decades, the business world has undergone a paradigm shift, prioritizing social and environmental considerations over the exclusive pursuit of economic profits. Corporate social responsibility has be...

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From COVID-19 to the war in Ukraine: evidence of a Schumpeterian transformation of food logistics

This study analyzes the changes that have occurred in food logistics in the three years since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the one year since the war in Ukraine commenced. Food logistics companie...

Examining disparities in common agriculture policy direct payments among farming systems: evidence from Portugal

One of the stated goals of the common agricultural policy reforms has been to provide a fairer distribution of payments across and within member states, but little progress has been accomplished, with about 20...

Exploring the role of blockchain technology in modern high-value food supply chains: global trends and future research directions

Trust, safety, and quality are among the most important factors in the agri-food supply chains. Traceability is a powerful tool to ensure them, but implementing a transparent and effective system is a complex ...

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Potential unexpected effects of meat reduction in diet: Could educational attainment influence meat substitution strategies?

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The future of organic certification: potential impacts of the inclusion of Participatory Guarantee Systems in the European organic regulation

Third-party certification (TPC) is the standard approach to quality assurance for organic production, but its administrative burden and cost make it difficult for smallholders to access it. Internal Control Sy...

The implications of governance factors for economic and social upgrading in Ghana’s cocoa value chain

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The coexistence of psychological drivers and deterrents of consumers’ willingness to try cultured meat hamburger patties: evidence from South Africa

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Conventional versus organic olive farming: which has a better economic performance?

The European Green Deal sets a target of at least 25% of the total EU agricultural land under organic farming by 2030. In the case of the Spanish olive sector, organic olive farming accounts for barely 10% of ...

The distortion in the EU feed market due to import constraints on genetically modified soy

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Challenges of digitization in the social economy in times of pandemic: the evolution of online presence and e-commerce in agri-food cooperatives

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Cultured meat acceptance for global food security: a systematic literature review and future research directions

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The role of objective and subjective knowledge on the attitude and intention of Italian consumers to purchase farmed and wild fish

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Customer preferences heterogeneity toward avocado: a latent class approach based on the best–worst scaling choice modeling

Consumption of the avocado fruit and its availability in the retail market has increased in recent decades and with it the desire to learn more about the market and consumer choices. This research aims to expl...

Is it possible to quantify the current resilience level of an agri-food system? A review of the literature

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The impact of COVID-19 government policy on the international wine trade

To control the health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments implemented various restrictive policies, such as stay-at-home orders and restrictions on internal movement, which had adverse effects on cons...

Unraveling the effects of import bans on domestic poultry production: a case study of Senegal

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Prioritization of e-traceability drivers in the agri-food supply chains

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Traffic light nutrition labeling preferences among children

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Understanding the phenomenon of food waste valorisation from the perspective of supply chain actors engaged in it

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Supporting agriculture in developing countries: new insights on the impact of official development assistance using a climate perspective

Agriculture is a major source of food and income for poor and rural households living in developing countries; yet, agricultural systems are increasingly threatened by changing climate conditions that compromi...

Adaption of the meat attachment scale (MEAS) to Germany: interplay with food neophobia, preference for organic foods, social trust and trust in food technology innovations

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Vegetable and fruit consumption during the COVID-19 lockdown: eating habits in Ecuador

This study identifies changes in fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption habits during the COVID-19 pandemic in Quito-Ecuador and observe relationships regarding household income and the relevance of FV nutrition...

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What future for organic farming? Foresight for a smallholder Mediterranean agricultural system

This study aims to foresee the future of organic farming in the smallholder agricultural systems of the Valencian Region (Spain), as well as to identify how different drivers of change may affect such a future...

Consumers' preferences for processed meat: a best–worst scaling approach in three European countries

Processed meat products are a staple part of the typical European diet. Product packaging can include a considerable amount of information and, with other intrinsic and extrinsic attributes, substantially infl...

Recent trends in agri-food Made in Italy exports

The agri-food sector is a key component of the Italian economy and the Made in Italy products are altogether the core of it with a strong export propensity. This paper analyses the recent export performance of...

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Dairy systems, which are the main pillars of rural livelihoods in north-eastern Europe encounter ecological, economic, and political changes in their operating environments which threaten their capacity to pro...

Exploring willingness-to-pay for ‘malaria-free’ rice among rural consumers in Rwanda: examining the potential for a local voluntary standard

Rice cultivation in Sub-Saharan Africa produces a negative externality in the form of higher malaria risk. Larval source management, such as the application of bio-larvicides in rice fields, is available to mi...

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Aethina tumida , commonly known as the small hive beetle (SHB), is a parasite of social bee colonies. In 2014, when the beetle was first detected in the Italian Region of Calabria, the Italian Ministry of Health s...

Production, consumption, and market supply of edible crickets: insights from East Africa

Globally, crickets are gaining recognition as a valuable alternative protein source for human consumption due to their lower resource requirement and ecological footprint compared to traditional livestock. In ...

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Consumers’ interest in product information, such as nutrition, environment, and social aspects, is increasing in the food market. Blockchain technology can enhance credibility of quality signals on labels thro...

Effect of adoption of organic farming on technical efficiency of olive-growing farms: empirical evidence from West Bank of Palestine

Organic farming is one of the methods that increases the value added of agricultural products in a sustainable way. This paper examines how the adoption of organic farming has impacted the technical efficiency...

Offline and hungry: the effect of internet use on the food insecurity of Indonesian agricultural households

Food insecurity is essential since its prevalence may hinder an individual or an economy from developing. The issue still lacks attention in Indonesia, as reflected in the lagging efforts to reduce food insecu...

Modeling inequality in access to agricultural productive resources and socioeconomic determinants of household food security in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Women in rural communities remain the most vulnerable population in accessing agricultural productive resources with dire implications for food security, malnutrition, and poverty. Effective agricultural and f...

Correction: Assessing seed and breeding interventions for organic farming using a multiagent value chain approach

The original article was published in Agricultural and Food Economics 2023 11 :22

Assessing seed and breeding interventions for organic farming using a multiagent value chain approach

According to the EU’s organic regulation, the use of organic seed is generally binding in organic farming. Because of an organic seed shortage, derogations to use nonorganic seed can be obtained. By 2036, the ...

The Correction to this article has been published in Agricultural and Food Economics 2023 11 :23

Affordability of healthy diets is associated with increased food systems performance in Nigeria: state-level analysis

This study examines the relationships between healthy diets’ affordability and food systems performance across Nigerian states. On a composite index (FSI) constructed from key food system components, states in...

Correction: Understanding agricultural land leasing in Ireland: a transaction cost approach

The original article was published in Agricultural and Food Economics 2023 11 :17

Narratives to revert overconsumption: human-nature interdependence and Circular Economy

Policy and practitioners’ initiatives to stimulate sustainable consumption have so far failed to have notable impact on individuals’ behaviors. The current commentary is a plea to social and sustainability sci...

Characterisation of food governance for alternative and sustainable food systems: a systematic review

Despite the various studies on food governance structured around alternative food systems (AFS), analysis of the essential characteristics of it which facilitate the sustainability of the food system (FS) is s...

Understanding agricultural land leasing in Ireland: a transaction cost approach

Formal written land leasing contracts offer an alternative to land purchase for those farmers wishing to expand their land area and provide greater security relative to informal short-term rental agreements an...

The Correction to this article has been published in Agricultural and Food Economics 2023 11 :20

Better richer than environmentally friendly? Describing preferences toward and factors affecting precision agriculture adoption in Italy

Precision agriculture is expected to support and strengthen the sustainability of food production. In spite of the demonstrated benefits of the application of Information Technology to improve agricultural pra...

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UKnowledge > Theses & Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations--Agricultural Economics

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Two Essays on Industrial Hemp Firms in the United States , Abraham Olakunle Ajibade

THREE ESSAYS ON THE U.S. BEEF SUPPLY CHAIN: PRODUCTION, MARKETING, AND PRICE DYNAMICS , Erdal Erol

CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCES AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR VALUE-ADDED DAIRY PRODUCTS IN KENTUCKY - CONSIDERING PRICE, PROVENANCE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES , Favour E. Esene

THREE ESSAYS ON HEALTH, FOOD, AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS , Saber Feizy

Reclaiming Your Competitive Advantage , Mason T. Hamilton

Gambling on Growth: An Analysis of the Early Impact of Historical Horse Racing on Kentucky’s Thoroughbred Industry , Barrett W. Kerr

COMMUNITY SUPPORTED AGRICULTURE VALUES: A COMPARISON ACROSS GROUPS , Thomas B. Pierce

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

DEMAND SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF BEER IN THE U.S. MARKET , Laxmi Devi Adhikari

THREE ESSAYS ON FOOD SAFETY AND PRIVATE FOOD SAFETY CERTIFICATIONS , Lijiao Hu

Spent Hemp as an Animal Feed and Vertical Price Transmission in US Hemp Value-Added Supply Chain , Solomon E. Odiase

Consumer Measures of Local Food System Performance and Shopping Behavior Across COVID , Azita Varziri

DEMAND ANALYSIS OF VIETNAMESE COFFEE IN THE U.S. , Leo Kyaw Zin

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

KENTUCKY FOREST SECTOR: STRUCTURAL CHANGES AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS , Domena Attafuah Agyeman

TWO ESSAYS ON FOOD ENVIRONMENT, NUTRITION, AND FOOD INSECURITY , Suliman Abdulaziz Almojel

FARM LEVEL IMPACT OF ADOPTING MULTIPLE COMPONENT PRICING IN THE APPALACHIAN FMMO AND EVALUATING THE USMCA CANADIAN CREAM TRQ: A GSIM APPROACH , Luke Gregory Cummings

PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY DIFFERENCE AMONG KENTUCKY GRAIN FARMS , Ahmed Yahya Hussein

Three Essays on Grocery Sales Taxes , Lingxiao Wang

THREE ESSAYS ON PRICE ANALYSIS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE , Wei Zhang

THE GLOBAL ISSUE OF IMMIGRATION: A FOCUS ON ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS FOR U.S. AGRICULTURE, REFUGEE IMMIGRANTS FOR GERMANY’S TRADE AND THE CLIMATE-INDUCED DIASPORA FROM LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES , Yunzhe Zhu

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF PUBLIC POLICIES AND ADDICTION ON PURCHASE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS WITH CAUSAL INFERENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING METHODS , Xueting Deng

EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC COSTS AND LAND VALUE IMPLICATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING COVER CROPS IN KENTUCKY , Robert C. Ellis

OPTIMAL SUPPLEMENTAL COVERAGE OPTION CROP INSURANCE DECISION FOR KENTUCKY COMMODITY CROP PRODUCERS , Jerzy Z. Jaromczyk

THREE PERSPECTIVES ON INNOVATION IN EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE: FROM PUBLIC RESEARCH TO THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY , Michele Vollaro

CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR LOCAL SOURCING IN ALTERNATIVE RESTAURANT FORMATS , Mahla Zare Mehrjerdi

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

THREE ESSAYS ON SAUDI ARABIA AGRICULTURAL MARKETS , Yosef Abdulrahman Alamri

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Agricultural economics research papers/topics, challenges related to beef-cattle pricing between a western block and a third world country.

Abstract: This study considers a business scenario involving three participants. The first participant, in this case the farmer sells the cattle to the second participant, in this case the Botswana Meat Commission (BMC) which, in turn sells the processed beef to the European Union (EU). The BMC offers a price, S1(t), to the farmer for the cattle. The EU offers a price, S2(t), to the BMC. To estimate the parameters spot prices of beef-cattle from the BMC and the EU markets for years 1992 to 2...

Accelerating agricultural productivity to enhance economic growth in Botswana

Abstract: The need to diversify the economy so as to ensure sustainable economic growth has been of great concern. Accelerating productivity in agriculture is seen as one of the alternatives to support the diversification initiatives by the government and drive growth in Botswana. This study discusses the factors contributing to increased long term agricultural productivity and hence its subsequent impact on growth in the short. The study employs the vector error correction model and annual ...

Using “theory of change” to improve agricultural research: recent experience from Tanzania

Abstract: Demonstrating how agricultural research contributes to development outcomes is difficult but necessary given competing demands for scarce resources. This article summarises an adaptation of the “theory of change” approach and lessons derived from its application to improve the design and implementation of an agricultural research for development programme for greater impact. It was applied to Maziwa Zaidi, a programme that tested integrated interventions to catalyse the transfo...

Do farmers and the environment benefit from adopting integrated pest management practices? Evidence from Kenya.

Abstract: We estimate the impacts of a bundle of integrated pest management (IPM) practices on mango yield, mango net income, insecticide use, human health and the environment, using recent household survey data of mango growers in Kenya. We employ a multinomial endogenous switching treatment regression model with an ordered probit selection rule to establish counterfactual outcomes. Our results indicate that IPM-adopting farmers have higher mango yields and mango net income, and also use lo...

Reducing gender gaps in the awareness and uptake of drought-tolerant maize in Uganda: The role of education, extension services and social networks

Abstract: Cultivation of drought-tolerant (DT) maize seed reduces drought risk in sub-Saharan Africa. Data from eastern Uganda reveal gender gaps in awareness and adoption of DT maize. Among surveyed male household heads, 67.6 percent had awareness of DT maize varieties and 29.2 percent grew them. Corresponding figures for female household heads were 43.3 percent (awareness) and 5.3 percent (adoption) and those for wives in spousal couple households were 51.0 percent and 11.1 percent. Propen...

Do Farmers and the Environment Benefit from Adopting Integrated Pest Management Practices? Evidence from Kenya

Abstract: We estimate the impacts of a bundle of integrated pest management (IPM) practices on mango yield, mango net income, insecticide use, human health and the environment, using recent household survey data of mango growers in Kenya. We employ a multinomial endogenous switching treatment regression model with an ordered probit selection rule to establish counterfactual outcomes. Our results indicate that IPM-adopting farmers have higher mango yields and mango net income,and also use low...

A climate-adapted push-pull system effectively controls fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith), in maize in East Africa

Abstract: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith), an economically important pest native to tropical and subtropical America has recently invaded Africa, causing substantial damage to maize and other crops. We evaluated functionality of a companion cropping system, ‘climate-adapted push-pull’, developed for control of cereal stemborers in drier agro-ecologies, as an added tool for the management of fall armyworm. The technology comprises intercropping maize with drought-tolerant...

Women's empowerment in agriculture and agricultural productivity: Evidence from rural maize farmer households in western Kenya.

Abstract: This paper documents a positive relationship between maize productivity in western Kenya and women’s empowerment in agriculture, measured using indicators derived from the abbreviated version of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index. Applying a cross-sectional instrumental-variable regression method to a data set of 707 maize farm households from western Kenya, we find that women’s empowerment in agriculture significantly increases maize productivity. Although all indi...

Measuring farm and market level economic impacts of improved maize production technologies in Ethiopia: Evidence from panel data

Abstract: While it is often recognised that agricultural technology adoption decisions areintertwined and best characterised by multivariate models, typical approaches toexamining adoption and impacts of agricultural technology have focused on singletechnology adoption choice and ignored interdependence among technologies. Weexamine farm- and market-level impacts of multiple technology adoption choicesusing comprehensive household survey data collected in 2010/11 and 2012/13 inEthiopia. Econ...

Are individuals willing to pay for community-based eco-friendly malaria vector control strategies?

Abstract: This study was carried out to assess individuals’ willingness to pay (WTP) for UZIMAX, a novel plant-based biopesticide developed for malaria vector control. The biopesticide is estimated to kill up to 100% of Anopheles larvae within 48 h of application and poses no risks to human health and the environment. However, scaling-up of its adoption requires clear evidence of its acceptance by individuals in malaria-prone areas. We conducted Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) revealed prefe...

Women’s empowerment boosts the gains in dietary diversity from agricultural technology adoption in rural Kenya. F

Abstract: Using new survey data from rural Kenya, this paper assesses the moderating effect of women’s empowerment on the relationship between agricultural technology adoption and women’s dietary diversity. We use a multiple treatment endogenous switching regression framework to control for potential endogeneity of women’s empowerment and technology adoption. We find that women’s empowerment has a positive and significant effect on the women’s dietary diversity score regardless of ...

Potential adoption of integrated pest management strategy for suppression of mango fruit flies in East Africa: An ex ante and ex post analysis in Ethiopia and Kenya

Abstract: To sustain agricultural development in Africa, innovative strategies for addressing a myriad of biotic and abiotic constraints facing the agricultural systems must be established. One current biotic stress is the mango infesting fruit flies. In the effort to contain the widely spreading and damaging invasive species of tephritid fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) (Hendel), an area-wide integrated pest management (IPM) program is being promoted in the horticultural sub-sector in sub-Sa...

Lepidopterans of economic importance in Cameroon: A systematic review

Abstract: Lepidoptera represents one of the most abundant and diverse insect groups globally, with more than 178,159 species described in more than 4000 genera. This paper discusses the economic importance of these insects in Cameroon. The work was built on a comprehensive review of 60 relevant published articles from 1955 to 2021.Results show a great diversity of insects of economic importance belonging to the order Lepidoptera, of which 51 are known at the species level, eleven at the genu...

Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture: A Case of Farmers’ Innovations and Integrated Fruit Fly Management in Kenya

Abstract: The invasive fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis poses a major threat to the production and trade of mango in sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers devise different innovations to manage the pest in an attempt to minimize yield loss and production costs while maximizing revenues. Using survey data obtained from Embu County, Kenya, we analyzed farmers’ knowledge and perception as regards the invasive fruit fly, their innovations for the management of the pest, and the determinants of their adopti...

Role of multilateral development organizations, public and private investments in aquaculture subsector in Kenya

Abstract: Rapid population and economic growth, increased health benefits of aquatic food, and changes in lifestyles and preferences as a result of rapid urbanization and globalization are all contributing to the rapid growth of aquaculture production in Kenya. Despite significant investment efforts from the national and devolved governments as well as donors and international organizations, smallholder aquaculture production is yet to result in a significant increase in incomes and improved...

Agricultural economics is a branch of applied economics concerned with the application of economic theory in optimizing the production and distribution of food and fibre. Agricultural economics, study of the allocation, distribution, and utilization of the resources used, along with the commodities produced, by farming. Afribary curates list of academic papers and project topics in Agricultural economics. You can browse Agricultural economics project topics and materials, Agricultural economics thesis topics, Agricultural economics dissertation topics, Agricultural economics seminar topics, Agricultural economics essays, Agricultural economics text books, lesson notes in Agricultural economics and all academic papers in Agricultural economics field.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

This article is part of the research topic.

Consumer Behavior around Food Safety and Quality in the Context of Technological Innovation

The Impact of Agricultural Insurance on Consumer Food Safety: Empirical Evidence from Provincial-Level Data in China Provisionally Accepted

• 1 Wuhan University, China
• 2 Wuhan College, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

In the exploration of the efficacy of agricultural subsidy policies, agricultural insurance, as a key element of this policy system, has garnered widespread attention for its potential impact on consumer food safety. This paper delves into the influence of agricultural insurance on the safety of food consumed by individuals, based on provincial panel data in China from 2011 to 2021. The findings indicate that agricultural insurance significantly reduces the incidence of foodborne disease and enhances food safety. Mediating effect tests reveal that agricultural insurance effectively boosts food safety through two key pathways: promoting innovation in agricultural technology and reducing environmental pollution. Moreover, the analysis of moderating effects highlights that increased consumer confidence positively enhances the impact of agricultural insurance. Heterogeneity tests further show that in the provinces with higher levels of agricultural development and stronger government support for agriculture, the role of agricultural insurance in improving food safety is more pronounced. This research not only empirically verifies the effectiveness of agricultural insurance in enhancing food safety but also provides robust theoretical support and practical guidance for the precise formulation and effective implementation of agricultural subsidy policies, particularly agricultural insurance policies, offering significant reference value for policy-makers.

Keywords: Agricultural subsidies, Agricultural insurance, Food Safety, Agricultural Technological Innovation, Environmental Pollution, Consumer confidence

Received: 27 Feb 2024; Accepted: 15 Apr 2024.

Copyright: © 2024 Ruan, Yin and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Mx. Peiheng Ruan, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China

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Hybrid intelligence can reconcile biodiversity and agriculture

by University of Hohenheim

A research team at the University of Hohenheim and Technical University of Munich has developed a new transdisciplinary approach to resolve the tradeoff between biodiversity and agricultural production.

Preserving biodiversity without reducing agricultural productivity: So far, these two goals have not be reconciled because the socio-ecological system of agriculture is highly complex, and the interactions between humans and the environment are difficult to capture using conventional methods.

Thanks to new technology, a research team at the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart and the Technical University of Munich is showing a promising way to achieve both goals at the same time. The members of the team are focusing on further developing artificial intelligence in combination with collective human judgment: the use of hybrid intelligence. They have published their article in the current issue of Nature Food .

"Although we have more and more data sets at our disposal, we have not yet been able to use them to solve the problem. Available data from remote sensing , proximal sensing and statistical surveys are disconnected and highly fragmented," said Prof. Dr. Thomas Berger, agricultural economist at the University of Hohenheim and lead author of the publication.

"Another challenge is the different planning horizon: Agricultural practices are based on short- and medium-term economic objectives at the field and farm level, that is, on a scale of 1 hectare to 100 hectares. The long-term ecological effects, on the other hand, are evident at the landscape level of 100,000 hectares."

From an ecological point of view, it is therefore necessary to look at the landscape level and better understand the interactions of many farms in terms of space and time. "There is little cross-farm coordination for agri-environmental measures," stated Prof. Dr. Senthold Asseng from the Chair of Digital Agriculture at the Technical University of Munich.

Previous funding programs in agricultural and environmental policy were not designed to enable biodiversity-friendly synergies among farmers, between farmers and other stakeholders, and in science.

The problem is also very challenging from a social science perspective, according to Prof. Dr. Claudia Bieling from the Hohenheim Department of Societal Transition and Agriculture. "This is the classic situation of a social dilemma. Why should individual stakeholders forgo productivity on their own initiative when the common public good of biodiversity conservation benefits many other stakeholders free of charge?"

There are also similar situations that block progress in other economic sectors, e.g., in recycling and waste management as well as in energy and transport.

In order to capture the complexity of the problem and develop new intelligent solutions, joint expertise from the natural and social sciences, engineering, and computer science is required, as well as close cooperation between science and practice.

Technological progress enables new interaction between humans and machines

A 13-person team with precisely this expertise joined forces to develop a transdisciplinary approach—exploiting the new possibilities offered by artificial intelligence in merging and processing large volumes of data. The authors of the publication refer to this combination as "hybrid intelligence."

"By combining the intuitive abilities of humans with the computing power of modern computers and the analytical capabilities of artificial intelligence, for the first time we can develop human-machine systems that successfully address complexity in agriculture," said Prof. Berger.

One component of such systems are computer models with what the team refers to as "multi-agent technology" for the various ecological, social, and economic processes. By enriching these models with artificial intelligence , the research team aims to create a detailed, interactive image of reality in which various biodiversity measures and effects can be simulated and stakeholders can be supported in joint decision-making.

Group payments as a practical example of hybrid intelligence

The authors explain practical implementations in several applied examples, e.g., compensation payments to groups of farmers instead of individual farms.

"The EU provides various subsidies for species protection measures, for example by giving farmers money to set up flower strips," stated Prof. Asseng. "Up to now, farmers have planted the flower strips on their own and without coordinating with their neighbors. Overall, the flower strips are fragmented and have limited effectiveness."

Group payment programs for farmers who coordinate their flower strips at the landscape level with the use of hybrid intelligence are more promising.

In a first step, hybrid intelligence could analyze complex data on soil conditions , local biodiversity, and similar factors and thus identify the locations where cross-farm environmental measures would be particularly effective and crop losses as lowest as possible.

In a second step, AI systems could provide communication platforms that facilitate exchanging information and planning joint projects without excessive bureaucracy. "Another goal would be a fair balance among all parties involved, for example, through new auction mechanisms for subsidies," said Prof. Berger.

The virtual image of their economic and ecological environment would give actors from agriculture, consulting, and politics the opportunity to try out the measures before deciding whether to implement them. "This would make it easier to assess the impact on biodiversity and crop yields and minimize the costs for everyone involved," added Prof. Bieling.

Above all, AI could serve as an automated moderator that follows the discussions within the group and improves decision-making by contributing information or alternative perspectives. "We can currently see the capabilities of generative AI in language processing and generating new content with ChatGPT. This can be particularly useful to ensure that all relevant information is considered in group discussions and creative solutions are found," explained Prof. Dr. Henner Gimpel from the Department of Digital Management at the University of Hohenheim.

Trust and transparency remain crucial for success

If the approach is to be successful, it must be transparent and participatory. "The technology must be designed in such a way that people can trust it. The ethical use of the technology is also crucial," said Prof. Gimpel. Only if these conditions are met can hybrid intelligence systems develop their full potential and find broad acceptance.

According to Prof. Berger, hybrid intelligence holds the key to solving some of the most pressing issues in agriculture. "The prospects are very promising, but there is still a need for fundamental research in order to successfully develop this technology further and then implement it. To achieve this, we need the cooperation of all stakeholders from science, practice, and society."

Journal information: Nature Food

Provided by University of Hohenheim

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• final_report_conducting_diagnostic_study_on_private_sector_engagement_in_the_implementation_of_ndc.pdf pdf (5.7 MB)

Diagnostic Study- How to incentivize for private sector involvement in NDC implementation

final_report_conducting_diagnostic_study_on_private_sector_engagement_in_the_implementation_of_ndc.pdf

April 16, 2024

Private sectors had been engaged in investments in Ethiopia since late 1880s when the royal family members and foreign investors invested in the manufacturing and production areas in key economic sectors, namely in transport, hotel & tourism, industry, agriculture, forests. Examples of such earlier investment initiatives include: Ethio-Djibouti Railway (1894 – 1917), Tayitu Hotel (1898), Wood processing Sawmill at the Mengaesha –Suba forest (1905), Dire-Dawa Cement  (1936).  Since then, the government’s development policies developed by the various government systems generally do anchor at the overall approach to economic growth focusing on capital accumulation in the industry, construction, infrastructure sectors and creation of large scale commercial farms in the agriculture sector to feed the growing urban population, generate export earnings and provide agricultural inputs to the industry. 

However, the landscape of private investment in various economic sectors was hampered by economic and political police reforms, popular upheavals, climate related risks. This attributed to stagnated contribution of the private sector to GDP, as demonstrated by the private sector contribution below 5% of the GDP over a century; and it is very recently that the private sectors’ contributions to the national economy approaches to reach close to 20% of the GDP. 

The participants of the diagnostic study (FGDs and KIIs) from private and public sectors and funding agencies identified key investment barriers.

Document Type

Regions and countries, sustainable development goals, related publications, publications, the role of industry parks in the local economy : the cas....

In recent years, Ethiopia has tried to undertake an industrial policy to emerge as a manufacturing hub. Central to this strategy has been the operationalizing o...

UNDP Ethiopia Quarterly Economic Profile January 2024

Overall: As Ethiopia enters 2024, the macroeconomic and socioeconomic situation remain challenging. Growth has rebounded after the multiple shocks in recent yea...

Policy and Research Briefs: Making Ethiopian Customary In...

Customary Institutions (CIs), Ethiopian ancient instruments for conflict prevention and management, have served as important platforms in preventing and resolvi...

Ethiopia GDPP Mid Term Review Report

The implementation of GDPP commenced in July 2017 and is slated to end in 2021. Thus, the programme is mid-way implementation and hence the need for a mid-term...

Quarterly Economic Profile July 2022

What’s changed since Q1 2022? • Growth: Official estimate for real GDP growth in 2022 is 6.6%, while UNDP projects 3.0% and IMF 3.8%. • Inflation: Worsening o...

Communication Landscape in Ethiopia : Assessment of Legis...

The assessment of the communications landscape and the accompanying media overview were undertaken to provide a comprehensive picture of the existing government...