topic on term paper

200 Term Paper Topics in Different Fields

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Writing Metier

Welcome to a treasure trove of term paper topics thoughtfully crafted by the expert team of term paper writers at Writing Metier.

As a co-founder of this dynamic company, I’ve witnessed the struggles many students face when choosing the right topic for their term paper. That’s why we’ve rolled up our sleeves to provide you with an arsenal of ideas that are not only academically enriching but also incredibly engaging.

In this article, you’ll find a rich array of topics to start with while writing your term paper , handpicked to ignite your curiosity and fuel your academic pursuits.

From the persuasive depth required in argumentative papers to the innovative angles needed for experimental research, our collection is a kaleidoscope of possibilities.

Whether you’re in search of easy term paper topics to get you over the line or you’re hunting for something more challenging to showcase your analytical prowess, this list is your starting point on the path to academic success.

I’ll break our term paper topic suggestions list into such types:

Argumentative Papers – c ommon in many disciplines, they develop critical thinking and persuasion skills.
Analytical Papers – widely assigned, these papers help students develop analytical and interpretive skills.
Compare and Contrast Papers – regularly used across subjects, they teach students to identify similarities and differences in concepts, theories, or works.
Cause and Effect Papers – often found in social sciences, they help students understand the relationship between different events or phenomena.
Definition Papers – useful in explaining complex concepts or terms, especially in technical or specialized fields.
Interpretive Papers – common in literature, history, and arts, these papers require a deep understanding of the material and the ability to interpret underlying meanings.
Reports – these are fundamental in many scientific and technical courses, focusing on clear, structured presentation of information.
Survey Research Papers – particularly common in social sciences, they involve data collection and analysis skills.
Experimental Research Papers – a staple in natural and applied sciences, these papers are crucial for understanding scientific methodologies and processes.
Review Papers – often found in graduate studies, they require a comprehensive understanding of existing research in a particular field.

Term Paper Topic and Question Ideas

Let’s begin with what you all have been waiting for – topic suggestions!

Argumentative Term Paper Topics

When it comes to crafting a compelling argumentative term paper, the choice of topic is crucial. In this section, we present some of the best topics for term papers that challenge you to take a stand, defend your viewpoint, and persuade your audience.

These topics are not just good term paper topics; they are gateways to exploring contemporary issues with depth and clarity.

Social Media Influence : Does social media do more harm than good in shaping young people’s worldviews?
Climate Change Policies : Should governments enforce stricter regulations to combat climate change?
Artificial Intelligence Ethics : Is the rapid development of AI technology a threat to human employment?
Vaccination Mandates : Should vaccinations be mandatory for public health safety?
Online Education vs Traditional : Is online education as effective as traditional classroom learning?
Animal Testing in Research : Should animal testing be banned in scientific research?
Genetic Engineering : Are the benefits of genetic engineering worth the ethical concerns?
Privacy in the Digital Age : Is government surveillance a necessary tool for national security or an invasion of privacy?
Renewable Energy : Should governments invest more in renewable energy sources over fossil fuels?
Minimum Wage Increase : Does increasing the minimum wage help or hurt the economy?
Gun Control Laws : Do stricter gun control laws reduce gun violence?
Legalization of Marijuana : Should marijuana be legalized for recreational use?
Death Penalty : Is the death penalty an effective deterrent for major crimes?
School Uniforms : Do school uniforms contribute to a better learning environment?
Universal Basic Income : Can a universal basic income solve economic inequality?
Space Exploration Funding : Should space exploration be prioritized over addressing Earth’s issues?
Plastic Ban : Would a global ban on single-use plastics be environmentally beneficial?
Affirmative Action in Education : Is affirmative action still necessary in education admissions?
Euthanasia : Should euthanasia be legalized to allow people with terminal illnesses to die with dignity?
Censorship in Media : Is censorship necessary to protect society, or does it infringe on freedom of expression?

While argumentative papers test your persuasive skills, the realm of analytical papers requires a different approach. Let’s shift our focus to topics that demand a detailed examination and critical analysis .

Analytical Term Paper Topics

If dissecting complex topics and examining them from multiple angles excites you, our list of analytical term paper topics is tailor-made for you.

Ranging from easy term paper topics to more intricate ones, these themes allow you to showcase your analytical prowess and turn a critical eye on a variety of subjects.

Impact of COVID-19 on Global Economy : Analyze the long-term economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic globally.
Social Impacts of Remote Work : Examine how remote work has changed social interactions and workplace dynamics.
Cryptocurrency’s Role in Finance : Analyze the potential impacts of cryptocurrency on traditional banking systems.
Psychological Effects of Social Media : Evaluate how social media platforms impact mental health and self-esteem.
Climate Change and Migration : Investigate the relationship between climate change and patterns of human migration.
Rise of Streaming Services : Analyze the impact of streaming services on the traditional television and movie industries.
Gender Pay Gap : Examine the factors contributing to the gender pay gap in different industries.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare : Analyze the benefits and challenges of implementing AI in healthcare systems.
Cybersecurity in the Digital Age : Evaluate the effectiveness of current cybersecurity measures in protecting data privacy.
Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Auto Industry : Investigate how electric vehicles are reshaping the future of the automotive industry.
Effects of Urbanization on Environment : Analyze the environmental consequences of rapid urbanization.
Mental Health in the Workplace : Examine the role of workplace culture in employee mental health and wellbeing.
Renewable Energy’s Economic Feasibility : Analyze the economic sustainability of transitioning to renewable energy sources.
Influence of Advertising on Consumer Behavior : Evaluate how advertising strategies affect consumer choices and spending habits.
Gentrification and Community Displacement : Investigate the social and economic impacts of gentrification on local communities.
Sustainable Fashion Industry : Analyze the challenges and opportunities in making the fashion industry more sustainable.
Impact of Globalization on Local Cultures : Examine how globalization affects the preservation and evolution of local cultural identities.
E-Sports and Gaming Culture : Analyze the rise of e-sports and its impact on mainstream sports and entertainment.
Food Security and Climate Change : Investigate the relationship between climate change and global food security challenges.
Technology and Education Reform : Analyze how technological advancements are shaping modern education methods and accessibility.

From the precision of analysis, we now move to the art of comparison and contrast, where you will juxtapose differing views or phenomena to shed new light on your subject.

Compare and Contrast Term Paper Topics

Finding the perfect balance between two subjects is at the heart of a great compare and contrast term paper .

This section offers a range of topics that serve as excellent examples of term paper topics, inviting you to explore and contrast diverse ideas, theories, or events, enriching your understanding of both.

Online Learning vs. Traditional Classroom : Compare and contrast the effectiveness of online learning with traditional classroom settings.
Capitalism vs. Socialism : Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of capitalism compared to socialism.
Renewable Energy vs. Fossil Fuels : Compare the environmental impacts and sustainability of renewable energy sources versus fossil fuels.
Modern Art vs. Classical Art : Contrast the themes and techniques of modern art with those of classical art.
Public Healthcare vs. Private Healthcare : Compare the efficiency and quality of public healthcare systems to private healthcare systems.
E-books vs. Printed Books : Analyze the differences in user experience and environmental impact between e-books and traditional printed books.
Western Diet vs. Mediterranean Diet : Contrast the health impacts of a typical Western diet with the Mediterranean diet.
Android vs. iOS : Compare the functionality, user interface, and customization options of Android and iOS platforms.
Traditional Marketing vs. Digital Marketing : Analyze the effectiveness and reach of traditional marketing methods compared to digital marketing strategies.
Democracy vs. Authoritarianism : Contrast the political, social, and economic outcomes in democratic versus authoritarian regimes.
Organic Farming vs. Conventional Farming : Compare the environmental impact and productivity of organic farming methods to conventional farming practices.
Freudian Psychoanalysis vs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy : Analyze the methodologies and effectiveness of Freudian psychoanalysis compared to cognitive behavioral therapy.
Remote Work vs. Office Work : Contrast the impacts on productivity and work-life balance between remote work and traditional office settings.
Vegetarian Diet vs. Meat-Inclusive Diet : Compare the health benefits and environmental impacts of a vegetarian diet versus a diet that includes meat.
Classical Music vs. Pop Music : Analyze the differences in structure, audience, and cultural impact between classical music and contemporary pop music.
Electric Cars vs. Gasoline Cars : Contrast the environmental impact, cost, and performance of electric cars with traditional gasoline cars.
Public Schools vs. Private Schools : Compare the educational outcomes and resources available in public schools versus private schools.
Social Networking vs. Traditional Networking : Analyze the effectiveness and depth of connections made through social networking sites compared to traditional networking methods.
Modern Architecture vs. Gothic Architecture : Contrast the design principles, materials, and cultural significance of modern architecture with that of Gothic architecture.
Globalization vs. Nationalism : Compare the economic, cultural, and political impacts of globalization against the principles of nationalism.

As we transition from the balance of comparison to the cause and effect dynamics, prepare to delve into topics that explore the relationship between various factors and their consequences.

Cause and Effect Term Paper Topics

Understanding the intricate relationship between cause and effect is essential for any academic exploration.

This list provides a range of interesting term paper topics that will help you unravel the connections between causes and their subsequent effects, offering a fascinating journey into the why and how of various phenomena.

Technology Advancements and Job Market : Analyze the effect of technological advancements on the job market and employment trends.
Global Warming and Weather Patterns : Examine the causal relationship between global warming and extreme weather patterns.
Social Media and Youth Mental Health : Investigate the effects of social media usage on the mental health of young people.
Economic Recession and Small Businesses : Analyze the impact of economic recessions on the survival and growth of small businesses.
Urbanization and Wildlife Habitats : Explore the effects of urbanization on local wildlife habitats and biodiversity.
Education System Reforms and Student Performance : Examine how recent reforms in the education system have impacted student performance and learning outcomes.
Parenting Styles and Child Development : Investigate the effect of different parenting styles on the emotional and psychological development of children.
Air Pollution and Respiratory Health : Analyze the causal relationship between air pollution levels and respiratory health issues in urban areas.
Diet and Physical Health : Examine the effects of different dietary habits on physical health and wellness.
Political Policies and Economic Growth : Investigate the impact of various political policies on a country’s economic growth and stability.
Stress and Workplace Productivity : Analyze the effects of workplace stress on employee productivity and job satisfaction.
Deforestation and Climate Change : Explore the causal relationship between deforestation and climate change.
Exercise and Mental Wellbeing : Examine the effect of regular physical exercise on mental health and mood stability.
Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategies : Investigate how marketing strategies cause shifts in consumer buying behavior.
Immigration Policies and Labor Markets : Analyze the impact of immigration policies on the labor market and workforce demographics.
Mobile Technology and Social Interaction : Examine the effects of mobile technology on face-to-face social interactions and communication.
Sleep Patterns and Academic Performance : Investigate the causal relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance in students.
Cultural Globalization and National Identities : Analyze the effect of cultural globalization on the preservation of national identities and traditions.
Government Regulations and Entrepreneurship : Examine the impact of government regulations on entrepreneurship and business innovation.
Online Retail and Brick-and-Mortar Stores : Explore the effects of the rise of online retail on traditional brick-and-mortar stores.

Moving from the causality of events, let’s turn our attention to the essence of specific concepts and ideas, where definition term papers allow you to articulate and explore in-depth.

Definition Term Paper Topics

The art of defining a concept or a term goes beyond mere description.

In this section, you’ll find term paper topics for students that revolve around defining and explicating complex ideas or phenomena, challenging you to crystallize your understanding into clear, concise language.

Defining Artificial Intelligence : Explore the various dimensions and implications of artificial intelligence in the modern world.
Understanding Blockchain Technology : Provide a comprehensive definition and examine the potential impacts of blockchain technology.
Concept of Sustainability : Define sustainability in the context of environmental, economic, and social dimensions.
Defining Modern Feminism : Explore the evolution and current meaning of feminism in contemporary society.
Understanding Cultural Appropriation : Define cultural appropriation and discuss its implications in arts, fashion, and media.
The Gig Economy : Provide a detailed definition and explore the rise and impact of the gig economy on traditional work structures.
Defining Cybersecurity : Examine the scope and importance of cybersecurity in the digital age.
Understanding Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) : Define GMOs and discuss their role and controversy in food production.
Concept of Globalization : Offer a comprehensive definition and explore the multifaceted impacts of globalization.
Mental Health Awareness : Define mental health and discuss the importance of awareness and de-stigmatization in society.
Defining Renewable Energy : Explore the concept of renewable energy and its role in combating climate change.
The Digital Divide : Define the digital divide and examine its implications in various socio-economic contexts.
Understanding Euthanasia : Provide a comprehensive definition and discuss the ethical implications of euthanasia.
Concept of Social Justice : Define social justice and explore its significance in modern societal structures.
Understanding Quantum Computing : Define quantum computing and discuss its potential impacts on the future of technology.
Defining Urbanization : Explore the process of urbanization and its impacts on societies and environments.
Concept of Virtual Reality : Provide a comprehensive definition and explore the applications and implications of virtual reality.
Understanding Nutrigenomics : Define nutrigenomics and discuss its role in personalized nutrition and health.
Defining Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) : Examine the concept of CSR and its importance in the modern business world.
Understanding Telemedicine : Define telemedicine and discuss its growing role in the healthcare system.

With definitions well in hand, we now venture into the territory of interpretive term papers, where your insight and personal perspective bring unique interpretations to the forefront.

Interpretive Term Paper Topics

Interpretive term papers provide a canvas for your thoughts and analyses, allowing you to delve into texts, artworks, or phenomena with a subjective lens.

Here, we offer term paper topics easy for engagement yet rich in potential for deep, personal interpretation, perfect for those looking to add their unique voice to academic discourse .

Interpreting Shakespeare’s Hamlet : Explore the themes of madness, revenge, and morality in Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”.
The Great Gatsby and the American Dream : Interpret F. Scott Fitzgerald’s representation of the American Dream in “The Great Gatsby”.
Picasso’s Guernica : Analyze the symbolism and political commentary in Picasso’s masterpiece “Guernica”.
Orwell’s 1984 and Modern Surveillance : Interpret the relevance of George Orwell’s “1984” in the context of today’s digital surveillance society.
Symbolism in Dante’s Inferno : Explore the use of symbolism in Dante Alighieri’s “Inferno” and its representation of sin and redemption.
Jane Austen’s Critique of Social Class : Interpret the social class critique in Jane Austen’s “Pride and Prejudice”.
Van Gogh’s Starry Night and Emotional Expression : Analyze the expression of emotion and meaning in Vincent van Gogh’s “Starry Night”.
To Kill a Mockingbird and Racial Injustice : Interpret Harper Lee’s depiction of racial injustice and moral growth in “To Kill a Mockingbird”.
Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 and Its Historical Context : Analyze the historical context and musical innovation of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9.
Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis and Alienation : Explore themes of alienation and identity in Franz Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis”.
The Symbolism in Salvador Dali’s Surrealist Art : Interpret the symbolism and psychological depth in Salvador Dali’s surrealist paintings.
Homer’s Odyssey and the Hero’s Journey : Analyze the elements of the hero’s journey in Homer’s “Odyssey”.
Frida Kahlo’s Self-Portraits and Personal Struggle : Interpret the expression of personal struggle and identity in Frida Kahlo’s self-portraits.
Mark Twain’s Satire in Huckleberry Finn : Analyze Mark Twain’s use of satire in “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” to critique society.
The Tragic Hero in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex : Interpret the concept of the tragic hero in Sophocles’ “Oedipus Rex”.
Joyce’s Ulysses and Stream of Consciousness : Explore the use of stream of consciousness in James Joyce’s “Ulysses”.
Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings and Mythology : Analyze J.R.R. Tolkien’s use of mythology and folklore in “The Lord of the Rings”.
Michelangelo’s David and Renaissance Ideals : Interpret the representation of Renaissance ideals in Michelangelo’s statue of David.
Emily Dickinson’s Poetry and Themes of Death : Explore the recurring themes of death and immortality in Emily Dickinson’s poetry.
The Matrix and Philosophical Symbolism : Analyze the philosophical themes and symbolism in the film “The Matrix”.

From the subjective nuances of interpretation, we shift gears to the objective and structured world of report papers, focusing on presenting information in a clear, organized manner.

Report Term Paper Topics

Report term papers demand precision, structure, and clarity in presenting information and analysis.

This section provides you with a range of term paper research topics that are ideal for crafting detailed and informative reports, covering a spectrum of subjects that are both current and engaging.

COVID-19’s Impact on Global Health Systems : Report on how different health systems worldwide have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Renewable Energy Progress Report : Analyze the current state and future prospects of renewable energy technologies globally.
Urbanization and Its Environmental Impact : Report on the environmental consequences of rapid urbanization in major cities.
Technological Advancements in Education : Explore the integration and impact of technology in modern educational systems.
Climate Change and Agricultural Practices : Analyze how climate change is affecting agricultural practices and food production.
Mental Health Services Accessibility : Report on the accessibility and quality of mental health services in various countries.
Consumer Trends in E-commerce : Analyze the evolving consumer behavior trends in the e-commerce industry.
Public Transportation Systems Comparison : Compare and evaluate public transportation systems across major global cities.
Plastic Pollution and Marine Life : Report on the impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems and biodiversity.
Digital Divide and Internet Access : Explore the current state of the digital divide and its impact on internet access globally.
Advancements in Cancer Research : Report on the latest developments and challenges in cancer research and treatment.
Impact of Social Media on Politics : Analyze how social media platforms are influencing political discourse and elections.
Sustainable Tourism Practices : Report on the adoption and effectiveness of sustainable practices in the tourism industry.
Artificial Intelligence in Business : Explore the use and impact of AI technologies in various business sectors.
Effects of Urban Green Spaces : Analyze the social and environmental effects of green spaces in urban areas.
Childhood Obesity Trends and Policies : Report on the trends and public health policies addressing childhood obesity.
Gender Equality in the Workforce : Analyze the progress and challenges of achieving gender equality in the workplace.
Impact of GMOs on Agriculture and Environment : Report on the benefits and risks associated with the use of GMOs in agriculture.
Cybersecurity Threats and Prevention Measures : Explore current cybersecurity threats and the effectiveness of various prevention strategies.
Affordable Housing Crisis Analysis : Report on the state of the affordable housing crisis and the effectiveness of measures taken to address it.

As we move from structured reports to the dynamic world of survey research, prepare to engage with topics that require you to gather and analyze data from real-world sources.

Survey Research Term Paper Topics

Survey research term papers are your gateway to exploring the opinions, behaviors, and trends that shape our world.

This list of term paper topics help you design, conduct, and analyze surveys, providing valuable insights into various aspects of human behavior and societal trends.

Student Perceptions of Online Learning : Conduct a survey to understand student experiences and perceptions of online learning environments.
Consumer Attitudes Towards Green Products : Survey consumer attitudes and purchasing behaviors regarding environmentally friendly products.
Impact of Work-from-Home on Productivity : Survey employees across different sectors to analyze the impact of remote work on productivity.
Social Media’s Role in Mental Health : Conduct a survey to explore the relationship between social media use and mental health among adolescents.
Public Opinion on Climate Change Policies : Survey public opinion on various climate change policies and their perceived effectiveness.
Healthcare Accessibility and Satisfaction : Conduct a survey to assess public satisfaction with healthcare services and accessibility.
Attitudes Toward Vaccination in Different Communities : Survey different communities to understand attitudes towards vaccinations and their reasons.
Consumer Behavior in the Fashion Industry : Conduct a survey to analyze consumer buying patterns and trends in the fashion industry.
Employee Satisfaction and Workplace Culture : Survey employees in various organizations to assess the impact of workplace culture on job satisfaction.
Dietary Habits and Health Outcomes : Conduct a survey to explore the relationship between dietary habits and health outcomes.
Public Perception of Police and Law Enforcement : Survey the public’s perception and trust in police and law enforcement agencies.
Influence of Influencer Marketing on Purchasing Decisions : Survey consumers to analyze the impact of influencer marketing on their purchasing decisions.
Attitudes Towards Renewable Energy Adoption : Conduct a survey to understand public attitudes and barriers to adopting renewable energy sources.
Effects of Music on Concentration and Productivity : Survey a group of individuals to assess how different genres of music affect their concentration and productivity.
Cultural Participation and Its Social Impact : Conduct a survey to explore the impact of cultural participation on social cohesion and community engagement.
Perceptions of Online Privacy and Data Security : Survey internet users to understand their concerns and perceptions about online privacy and data security.
Trends in Fitness and Exercise Habits : Conduct a survey to analyze current trends and attitudes towards fitness and exercise routines.
Reading Habits and Preferences : Survey a demographic to understand their reading habits and preferences in the digital age.
Public Attitudes Towards Space Exploration : Conduct a survey to gauge public interest and opinions on space exploration and its funding.
Consumer Attitudes Towards Sustainable Packaging : Survey consumer opinions and behaviors related to sustainable packaging and its importance.

From the practical applications of survey research, we now dive into the experimental realm, where hypotheses and scientific methods lead the way.

Experimental Research Term Paper Topics

For those fascinated by the scientific method, this collection of experimental research term paper topics offers a playground of inquiry and discovery.

These topics encourage you to design experiments, test hypotheses, and explore the intricacies of scientific phenomena, making them some of the best topics for term paper in English for aspiring scientists.

Effect of Light on Plant Growth : Conduct an experiment to determine how different light conditions affect the growth rate of plants.
Memory Recall in Different Environments : Investigate how environmental factors influence memory recall in individuals.
Water Quality and Plant Health : Experiment to analyze the effects of various water qualities on the health of a specific plant species.
Caffeine’s Effect on Cognitive Performance : Conduct a study to assess how caffeine consumption impacts cognitive tasks and reaction times.
Behavioral Changes in Animals Due to Environmental Stimuli : Observe and record behavioral changes in animals in response to different environmental stimuli.
Impact of Diet on Athletic Performance : Experiment to evaluate how different diets affect the physical performance of athletes.
Air Pollution’s Effect on Respiratory Health : Conduct an experiment to explore the impacts of air pollution on respiratory health indicators.
Sound Frequencies and Plant Growth : Investigate the effect of different sound frequencies on the growth rate of plants.
Sleep Patterns and Academic Performance : Study the correlation between varying sleep patterns and academic performance in students.
Effectiveness of Natural vs. Chemical Fertilizers : Experiment to compare the effectiveness of natural and chemical fertilizers on plant growth.
Temperature Effects on Battery Performance : Assess how different temperatures affect the performance and efficiency of various types of batteries.
Social Media Use and Attention Span : Conduct a study to explore the relationship between social media usage and attention span in individuals.
Impact of Exercise on Mental Health : Experiment to analyze the effects of regular physical exercise on mental health and stress levels.
Plastic Degradation in Different Environments : Investigate the rate of plastic degradation in various environmental conditions.
Influence of Music on Cognitive Task Performance : Study how listening to different genres of music affects performance on cognitive tasks.
Effects of Urban Noise on Bird Behavior : Observe and record changes in bird behavior and communication in urban environments with high noise levels.
Antibacterial Properties of Natural Substances : Experiment to evaluate the antibacterial properties of various natural substances.
Color Psychology and Consumer Behavior : Study how different colors influence consumer behavior and decision-making in marketing.
Effect of Video Games on Reflexes and Decision Making : Assess the impact of playing video games on the reflexes and decision-making skills of individuals.
Microplastics’ Impact on Marine Life : Conduct an experiment to observe the effects of microplastics on the health and behavior of marine organisms.

Finally, we arrive at review papers, where synthesizing and critiquing existing literature becomes your path to academic exploration.

Review Term Paper Topics

Review term papers are an opportunity to engage with and reflect upon existing literature in a meaningful way.

This list offers a variety of term paper title ideas, inviting you to synthesize, critique, and discuss existing research and literature, placing you at the heart of the academic conversation.

Literature Review on Climate Change Mitigation Strategies : Review and synthesize current research on various strategies to mitigate climate change.
Technological Advancements in Renewable Energy : A review of the latest technological innovations in renewable energy and their potential impacts.
Review of Mental Health Interventions in Schools : Evaluate the effectiveness of different mental health interventions implemented in educational settings.
Impact of Social Media on Society : A comprehensive review of research examining the social, psychological, and cultural impacts of social media.
Economic Consequences of Global Pandemics : Review the economic impacts of global pandemics, with a focus on COVID-19.
Advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Ethics : Analyze current literature on the advancements in AI and the surrounding ethical considerations.
Sustainable Urban Planning Practices : Review of sustainable urban planning strategies and their effectiveness in various global cities.
Trends in Global Obesity and Public Health Strategies : Synthesize research on the trends in global obesity and evaluate public health strategies.
Evolution of Cybersecurity Threats and Defenses : A review of how cybersecurity threats have evolved over time and the responses developed.
Nutritional Science and Chronic Disease Prevention : Review current research on the role of nutrition in preventing chronic diseases.
The Psychology of Advertising : Analyze literature on how advertising tactics psychologically influence consumer behavior.
Innovations in Water Purification Technology : Review recent advancements in water purification technologies and their global implications.
Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Transportation : Evaluate research on the potential impacts of autonomous vehicles on transportation systems.
The Role of Microfinance in Poverty Reduction : Review the effectiveness of microfinance initiatives in reducing poverty in various regions.
Developments in Cancer Treatment : Synthesize recent developments in cancer treatment, including breakthrough therapies and drugs.
The Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Subsidies : Review the economic and environmental impacts of subsidies for renewable energy sources.
Mental Health Effects of Climate Change : Analyze literature on the psychological effects of climate change on different populations.
Blockchain Technology and Financial Services : Review the implications of blockchain technology in reshaping financial services.
Genetic Engineering in Agriculture : Evaluate the benefits and risks associated with the use of genetic engineering in agriculture.
Telemedicine and Healthcare Accessibility : Review the impact of telemedicine on improving healthcare accessibility and efficiency.

As you reach the end of this list, remember that choosing the right topic is the first step in the dance of academic writing. Each topic here is a window into a new world of ideas and discoveries, waiting for you to open it.

Your term paper is an opportunity to not just meet academic expectations, but to express your thoughts, analyze critically , and contribute to a broader conversation in your field.

If you need assistance with more specific topic suggestions from our experts, you can fill out our “Free topic suggestions” form. Moreover, our term paper writers are at your service if you need writing or editing assistance.

So, pick a topic that resonates with you, let your curiosity guide your research, and create a term paper that stands out. At Writing Metier , we’re excited to see where your choice will take you, and we’re here to support you every step of the way.

Free topic suggestions

Vasy kafidoff.

Vasyl Kafidoff is a co-founder and CEO at WritingMetier. He is interested in education and how modern technology makes it more accessible. He wants to bring awareness about new learning possibilities as an educational specialist. When Vasy is not working, he’s found behind a drum kit.

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 113 great research paper topics.

General Education

One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and cover a wide range of subjects so you can easily find the best topic for you.

In addition to the list of good research topics, we've included advice on what makes a good research paper topic and how you can use your topic to start writing a great paper.

What Makes a Good Research Paper Topic?

Not all research paper topics are created equal, and you want to make sure you choose a great topic before you start writing. Below are the three most important factors to consider to make sure you choose the best research paper topics.

#1: It's Something You're Interested In

A paper is always easier to write if you're interested in the topic, and you'll be more motivated to do in-depth research and write a paper that really covers the entire subject. Even if a certain research paper topic is getting a lot of buzz right now or other people seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic unless you genuinely have some sort of interest in it as well.

#2: There's Enough Information to Write a Paper

Even if you come up with the absolute best research paper topic and you're so excited to write about it, you won't be able to produce a good paper if there isn't enough research about the topic. This can happen for very specific or specialized topics, as well as topics that are too new to have enough research done on them at the moment. Easy research paper topics will always be topics with enough information to write a full-length paper.

Trying to write a research paper on a topic that doesn't have much research on it is incredibly hard, so before you decide on a topic, do a bit of preliminary searching and make sure you'll have all the information you need to write your paper.

#3: It Fits Your Teacher's Guidelines

Don't get so carried away looking at lists of research paper topics that you forget any requirements or restrictions your teacher may have put on research topic ideas. If you're writing a research paper on a health-related topic, deciding to write about the impact of rap on the music scene probably won't be allowed, but there may be some sort of leeway. For example, if you're really interested in current events but your teacher wants you to write a research paper on a history topic, you may be able to choose a topic that fits both categories, like exploring the relationship between the US and North Korea. No matter what, always get your research paper topic approved by your teacher first before you begin writing.

113 Good Research Paper Topics

Below are 113 good research topics to help you get you started on your paper. We've organized them into ten categories to make it easier to find the type of research paper topics you're looking for.

Arts/Culture

Discuss the main differences in art from the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance .
Analyze the impact a famous artist had on the world.
How is sexism portrayed in different types of media (music, film, video games, etc.)? Has the amount/type of sexism changed over the years?
How has the music of slaves brought over from Africa shaped modern American music?
How has rap music evolved in the past decade?
How has the portrayal of minorities in the media changed?

Current Events

What have been the impacts of China's one child policy?
How have the goals of feminists changed over the decades?
How has the Trump presidency changed international relations?
Analyze the history of the relationship between the United States and North Korea.
What factors contributed to the current decline in the rate of unemployment?
What have been the impacts of states which have increased their minimum wage?
How do US immigration laws compare to immigration laws of other countries?
How have the US's immigration laws changed in the past few years/decades?
How has the Black Lives Matter movement affected discussions and view about racism in the US?
What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on healthcare in the US?
What factors contributed to the UK deciding to leave the EU (Brexit)?
What factors contributed to China becoming an economic power?
Discuss the history of Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies (some of which tokenize the S&P 500 Index on the blockchain) .
Do students in schools that eliminate grades do better in college and their careers?
Do students from wealthier backgrounds score higher on standardized tests?
Do students who receive free meals at school get higher grades compared to when they weren't receiving a free meal?
Do students who attend charter schools score higher on standardized tests than students in public schools?
Do students learn better in same-sex classrooms?
How does giving each student access to an iPad or laptop affect their studies?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Montessori Method ?
Do children who attend preschool do better in school later on?
What was the impact of the No Child Left Behind act?
How does the US education system compare to education systems in other countries?
What impact does mandatory physical education classes have on students' health?
Which methods are most effective at reducing bullying in schools?
Do homeschoolers who attend college do as well as students who attended traditional schools?
Does offering tenure increase or decrease quality of teaching?
How does college debt affect future life choices of students?
Should graduate students be able to form unions?

What are different ways to lower gun-related deaths in the US?
How and why have divorce rates changed over time?
Is affirmative action still necessary in education and/or the workplace?
Should physician-assisted suicide be legal?
How has stem cell research impacted the medical field?
How can human trafficking be reduced in the United States/world?
Should people be able to donate organs in exchange for money?
Which types of juvenile punishment have proven most effective at preventing future crimes?
Has the increase in US airport security made passengers safer?
Analyze the immigration policies of certain countries and how they are similar and different from one another.
Several states have legalized recreational marijuana. What positive and negative impacts have they experienced as a result?
Do tariffs increase the number of domestic jobs?
Which prison reforms have proven most effective?
Should governments be able to censor certain information on the internet?
Which methods/programs have been most effective at reducing teen pregnancy?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Keto diet?
How effective are different exercise regimes for losing weight and maintaining weight loss?
How do the healthcare plans of various countries differ from each other?
What are the most effective ways to treat depression ?
What are the pros and cons of genetically modified foods?
Which methods are most effective for improving memory?
What can be done to lower healthcare costs in the US?
What factors contributed to the current opioid crisis?
Analyze the history and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic .
Are low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss?
How much exercise should the average adult be getting each week?
Which methods are most effective to get parents to vaccinate their children?
What are the pros and cons of clean needle programs?
How does stress affect the body?
Discuss the history of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.
What were the causes and effects of the Salem Witch Trials?
Who was responsible for the Iran-Contra situation?
How has New Orleans and the government's response to natural disasters changed since Hurricane Katrina?
What events led to the fall of the Roman Empire?
What were the impacts of British rule in India ?
Was the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary?
What were the successes and failures of the women's suffrage movement in the United States?
What were the causes of the Civil War?
How did Abraham Lincoln's assassination impact the country and reconstruction after the Civil War?
Which factors contributed to the colonies winning the American Revolution?
What caused Hitler's rise to power?
Discuss how a specific invention impacted history.
What led to Cleopatra's fall as ruler of Egypt?
How has Japan changed and evolved over the centuries?
What were the causes of the Rwandan genocide ?

Why did Martin Luther decide to split with the Catholic Church?
Analyze the history and impact of a well-known cult (Jonestown, Manson family, etc.)
How did the sexual abuse scandal impact how people view the Catholic Church?
How has the Catholic church's power changed over the past decades/centuries?
What are the causes behind the rise in atheism/ agnosticism in the United States?
What were the influences in Siddhartha's life resulted in him becoming the Buddha?
How has media portrayal of Islam/Muslims changed since September 11th?

Science/Environment

How has the earth's climate changed in the past few decades?
How has the use and elimination of DDT affected bird populations in the US?
Analyze how the number and severity of natural disasters have increased in the past few decades.
Analyze deforestation rates in a certain area or globally over a period of time.
How have past oil spills changed regulations and cleanup methods?
How has the Flint water crisis changed water regulation safety?
What are the pros and cons of fracking?
What impact has the Paris Climate Agreement had so far?
What have NASA's biggest successes and failures been?
How can we improve access to clean water around the world?
Does ecotourism actually have a positive impact on the environment?
Should the US rely on nuclear energy more?
What can be done to save amphibian species currently at risk of extinction?
What impact has climate change had on coral reefs?
How are black holes created?
Are teens who spend more time on social media more likely to suffer anxiety and/or depression?
How will the loss of net neutrality affect internet users?
Analyze the history and progress of self-driving vehicles.
How has the use of drones changed surveillance and warfare methods?
Has social media made people more or less connected?
What progress has currently been made with artificial intelligence ?
Do smartphones increase or decrease workplace productivity?
What are the most effective ways to use technology in the classroom?
How is Google search affecting our intelligence?
When is the best age for a child to begin owning a smartphone?
Has frequent texting reduced teen literacy rates?

How to Write a Great Research Paper

Even great research paper topics won't give you a great research paper if you don't hone your topic before and during the writing process. Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers.

#1: Figure Out Your Thesis Early

Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis will be. Your thesis is a statement that explains what you intend to prove/show in your paper. Every sentence in your research paper will relate back to your thesis, so you don't want to start writing without it!

As some examples, if you're writing a research paper on if students learn better in same-sex classrooms, your thesis might be "Research has shown that elementary-age students in same-sex classrooms score higher on standardized tests and report feeling more comfortable in the classroom."

If you're writing a paper on the causes of the Civil War, your thesis might be "While the dispute between the North and South over slavery is the most well-known cause of the Civil War, other key causes include differences in the economies of the North and South, states' rights, and territorial expansion."

#2: Back Every Statement Up With Research

Remember, this is a research paper you're writing, so you'll need to use lots of research to make your points. Every statement you give must be backed up with research, properly cited the way your teacher requested. You're allowed to include opinions of your own, but they must also be supported by the research you give.

#3: Do Your Research Before You Begin Writing

You don't want to start writing your research paper and then learn that there isn't enough research to back up the points you're making, or, even worse, that the research contradicts the points you're trying to make!

Get most of your research on your good research topics done before you begin writing. Then use the research you've collected to create a rough outline of what your paper will cover and the key points you're going to make. This will help keep your paper clear and organized, and it'll ensure you have enough research to produce a strong paper.

What's Next?

Are you also learning about dynamic equilibrium in your science class? We break this sometimes tricky concept down so it's easy to understand in our complete guide to dynamic equilibrium .

Thinking about becoming a nurse practitioner? Nurse practitioners have one of the fastest growing careers in the country, and we have all the information you need to know about what to expect from nurse practitioner school .

Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa).

These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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Topics for Term Papers You’ll Definitely Want to Look Into

Selecting the right topic for a term paper can be a daunting task. It's not just about finding something you're interested in but also about picking a subject that's relevant and engaging for your readers. In this article, our term paper writing service experts will explore the best topics for term papers across different fields, from science and technology to history and sociology. Our aim is to help you discover the most compelling and rewarding topics that will not only captivate your audience but also inspire and inform your own research journey.

Topics for Term Papers by Subjects

Let’s dive into different term papers topics, organized by different subjects. Whether you're into science, humanities, or social sciences, we've got you covered with a range of options. From digging into the wonders of the universe to analyzing pivotal moments in history, each topic is handpicked to spark your interest and set you on a path of meaningful exploration. So, buckle up, as we’ll find the ideal subject for your next term paper project! In addition, if you are still struggling with your assignment, you can instantly buy a term paper from EssayService.

Sociology Term Paper Topics

The impact of social media on relationships.
Gender inequality in the workplace.
The effects of economic disparities on education.
Cultural assimilation vs. cultural preservation in immigrant communities.
The role of family structure in child development.
Mass media influence on body image and self-esteem.
Juvenile delinquency: causes and prevention strategies.
The stigma surrounding mental illness in society.
Racial profiling and police brutality in minority communities.
Social movements and their impact on policy change.

History Topics for Term Papers

The impact of the Industrial Revolution on society.
The causes and consequences of World War I.
The rise and fall of the Roman Empire.
The Civil Rights Movement in the United States.
The effects of colonization on indigenous populations.
The significance of the Renaissance in European history.
The role of women in ancient civilizations.
The Great Depression and its global effects.
The exploration and colonization of the Americas.
The fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War.

Psychology Term Paper Topics

The effects of stress on mental health.
The psychology of motivation and goal-setting.
Understanding and treating anxiety disorders.
The impact of childhood experiences on adult mental health.
The psychology of addiction and recovery.
Cognitive development in children.
The role of sleep in cognitive function and emotional well-being.
Personality theories: Freud vs. Jung.
The influence of social media on self-esteem and body image.
Strategies for coping with depression and improving mental wellness.

Microeconomics Topics for Term Papers

Supply and demand analysis of a specific market.
The impact of government subsidies on consumer behavior.
Cost-benefit analysis of a renewable energy project.
Market structure and pricing strategies in the smartphone industry.
The economics of minimum wage policies.
Consumer choice theory and its application in real-life scenarios.
The role of advertising in shaping consumer preferences.
Price discrimination and its effects on market efficiency.
Labor market trends and the gig economy.
Environmental economics and analyzing the effectiveness of carbon pricing mechanisms.

Macroeconomics Term Paper Topics

The role of fiscal policy in economic stabilization.
Analyzing the causes and consequences of inflation.
The impact of globalization on national economies.
Exchange rate determination and its effects on international trade.
Unemployment: Causes, types, and policy solutions.
Economic growth theories and their implications for developing countries.
The role of central banks in monetary policy implementation.
Income inequality: Trends, causes, and policy responses.
The economics of healthcare: Challenges and potential solutions.
The impact of technological innovation on economic growth and employment.

Philosophy Topics for Term Papers

The concept of justice in Plato's "Republic."
Free will versus determinism: Philosophical perspectives.
The problem of evil and the existence of God.
Ethics of artificial intelligence: Moral implications.
The philosophy of mind: Dualism versus materialism.
Existentialism and the meaning of life.
Epistemological skepticism: Can we truly know anything?
Environmental ethics: Balancing human interests and nature.
Feminist philosophy: Critiques of traditional theories.
Ethics of euthanasia: Right to die versus sanctity of life.

Medical Term Paper Topics

The impact of diet and exercise on overall health.
The efficacy of telemedicine in improving patient care.
Mental health stigma and its effects on treatment-seeking behavior.
The role of genetics in predicting and preventing diseases.
Healthcare disparities among different socio-economic groups.
Ethical considerations in organ transplantation.
The effectiveness of vaccination programs in preventing infectious diseases.
Alternative medicine approaches: Evidence-based analysis.
The psychological effects of chronic illness on patients and families.
Healthcare policy reform: Challenges and opportunities in the modern era.

Chemistry Topics for Term Papers

The applications of nanotechnology in drug delivery.
Environmental impact of synthetic chemicals and alternatives.
Analyzing the chemistry behind climate change.
The role of catalysts in industrial chemical processes.
Green chemistry: Sustainable approaches to chemical synthesis.
The chemistry of food additives and their effects on health.
Exploring the chemistry of taste and smell.
Understanding the chemistry of medicinal plants and natural remedies.
Chemical analysis of water quality and purification methods.
The chemistry of batteries: Advancements and future prospects.

Biology Term Paper Topics

The role of genetics in human diseases.
Biodiversity conservation: Strategies and challenges.
The impact of climate change on ecosystems.
Evolutionary adaptations in response to environmental pressures.
Cellular mechanisms of cancer development and treatment.
The microbiome and its influence on human health.
Genetic engineering and its ethical implications.
Neurobiology of addiction: Understanding the brain's reward system.
Plant physiology: Adaptations to diverse environments.
Ecology of infectious diseases: Transmission dynamics and control strategies.

Education Topics for Term Papers

The impact of technology on modern education.
Addressing learning disabilities in the classroom.
The effectiveness of inclusive education for students with special needs.
Multicultural education: Promoting diversity and inclusion.
Standardized testing: Benefits and drawbacks.
The role of parental involvement in student achievement.
Strategies for promoting critical thinking skills in the classroom.
Classroom management techniques for diverse student populations.
Educational reform: Challenges and opportunities.
The importance of early childhood education in lifelong learning.

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How to Write a Term Paper From Start to Finish

The term paper, often regarded as the culmination of a semester's hard work, is a rite of passage for students in pursuit of higher education. Here's an interesting fact to kick things off: Did you know that the term paper's origins can be traced back to ancient Greece, where scholars like Plato and Aristotle utilized written works to explore and document their philosophical musings? Just as these great minds once wrote their thoughts on parchment, you, too, can embark on this intellectual voyage with confidence and skill.

How to Write a Term Paper: Short Description

In this article, we'll delve into the core purpose of this kind of assignment – to showcase your understanding of a subject, your research abilities, and your capacity to communicate complex ideas effectively. But it doesn't stop there. We'll also guide you in the art of creating a well-structured term paper format, a roadmap that will not only keep you on track but also ensure your ideas flow seamlessly and logically. Packed with valuable tips on writing, organization, and time management, this resource promises to equip you with the tools needed to excel in your academic writing.

Understanding What Is a Term Paper

A term paper, a crucial component of your college education, is often assigned towards the conclusion of a semester. It's a vehicle through which educators gauge your comprehension of the course content. Imagine it as a bridge between what you've learned in class and your ability to apply that knowledge to real-world topics.

For instance, in a history course, you might be asked to delve into the causes and consequences of a significant historical event, such as World War II. In a psychology class, your term paper might explore the effects of stress on mental health, or in an environmental science course, you could analyze the impact of climate change on a specific region.

Writing a term paper isn't just about summarizing facts. It requires a blend of organization, deep research, and the art of presenting your findings in a way that's both clear and analytical. This means structuring your arguments logically, citing relevant sources, and critically evaluating the information you've gathered.

For further guidance, we've prepared an insightful guide for you authored by our expert essay writer . It's brimming with practical tips and valuable insights to help you stand out in this academic endeavor and earn the recognition you deserve.

How to Start a Term Paper

Before you start, keep the guidelines for the term paper format firmly in mind. If you have any doubts, don't hesitate to reach out to your instructor for clarification before you begin your research and writing process. And remember, procrastination is your worst enemy in this endeavor. If you're aiming to produce an exceptional piece and secure a top grade, it's essential to plan ahead and allocate dedicated time each day to work on it. Now, let our term paper writing services provide you with some valuable tips to help you on your journey:

Hone Your Topic : Start by cultivating a learning mindset that empowers you to effectively organize your thoughts. Discover how to research a topic in the section below.
Hook Your Readers: Initiate a brainstorming session and unleash a barrage of creative ideas to captivate your audience right from the outset. Pose intriguing questions, share compelling anecdotes, offer persuasive statistics, and more.
Craft a Concise Thesis Statement Example : If you find yourself struggling to encapsulate the main idea of your paper in just a sentence or two, it's time to revisit your initial topic and consider narrowing it down.
Understand Style Requirements: Your work must adhere to specific formatting guidelines. Delve into details about the APA format and other pertinent regulations in the section provided.
Delve Deeper with Research : Equipped with a clearer understanding of your objectives, dive into your subject matter with a discerning eye. Ensure that you draw from reputable and reliable sources.
Begin Writing: Don't obsess over perfection from the get-go. Just start writing, and don't worry about initial imperfections. You can always revise or remove those early sentences later. The key is to initiate the term papers as soon as you've amassed sufficient information.

Ace your term paper with EssayPro 's expert help. Our academic professionals are here to guide you through every step, ensuring your term paper is well-researched, structured, and written to the highest standards.

Term Paper Topics

Selecting the right topic for your term paper is a critical step, one that can significantly impact your overall experience and the quality of your work. While instructors sometimes provide specific topics, there are instances when you have the freedom to choose your own. To guide you on how to write a term paper, consider the following factors when deciding on your dissertation topics :

Relevance to Assignment Length: Begin by considering the required length of your paper. Whether it's a substantial 10-page paper or a more concise 5-page one, understanding the word count will help you determine the appropriate scope for your subject. This will inform whether your topic should be broad or more narrowly focused.
Availability of Resources : Investigate the resources at your disposal. Check your school or community library for books and materials that can support your research. Additionally, explore online sources to ensure you have access to a variety of reference materials.
Complexity and Clarity : Ensure you can effectively explain your chosen topic, regardless of how complex it may seem. If you encounter areas that are challenging to grasp fully, don't hesitate to seek guidance from experts or your professor. Clarity and understanding are key to producing a well-structured term paper.
Avoiding Overused Concepts : Refrain from choosing overly trendy or overused topics. Mainstream subjects often fail to captivate the interest of your readers or instructors, as they can lead to repetitive content. Instead, opt for a unique angle or approach that adds depth to your paper.
Manageability and Passion : While passion can drive your choice of topic, it's important to ensure that it is manageable within the given time frame and with the available resources. If necessary, consider scaling down a topic that remains intriguing and motivating to you, ensuring it aligns with your course objectives and personal interests.

Worrying About the Quality of Your Upcoming Essay?

"Being highly trained professionals, our writers can provide term paper help by creating a paper specifically tailored to your needs.

Term Paper Outline

Before embarking on the journey of writing a term paper, it's crucial to establish a well-structured outline. Be mindful of any specific formatting requirements your teacher may have in mind, as these will guide your outline's structure. Here's a basic format to help you get started:

Cover Page: Begin with a cover page featuring your name, course number, teacher's name, and the deadline date, centered at the top.
Abstract: Craft a concise summary of your work that informs readers about your paper's topic, its significance, and the key points you'll explore.
Introduction: Commence your term paper introduction with a clear and compelling statement of your chosen topic. Explain why it's relevant and outline your approach to addressing it.
Body: This section serves as the meat of academic papers, where you present the primary findings from your research. Provide detailed information about the topic to enhance the reader's understanding. Ensure you incorporate various viewpoints on the issue and conduct a thorough analysis of your research.
Results: Share the insights and conclusions that your research has led you to. Discuss any shifts in your perspective or understanding that have occurred during the course of your project.
Discussion: Conclude your term paper with a comprehensive summary of the topic and your findings. You can wrap up with a thought-provoking question or encourage readers to explore the subject further through their own research.

How to Write a Term Paper with 5 Steps

Before you begin your term paper, it's crucial to understand what a term paper proposal entails. This proposal serves as your way to introduce and justify your chosen topic to your instructor, and it must gain approval before you start writing the actual paper.

In your proposal, include recent studies or research related to your topic, along with proper references. Clearly explain the topic's relevance to your course, outline your objectives, and organize your ideas effectively. This helps your instructor grasp your term paper's direction. If needed, you can also seek assistance from our expert writers and buy term paper .

Draft the Abstract

The abstract is a critical element while writing a term paper, and it plays a crucial role in piquing the reader's interest. To create a captivating abstract, consider these key points from our dissertation writing service :

Conciseness: Keep it short and to the point, around 150-250 words. No need for lengthy explanations.
Highlight Key Elements: Summarize the problem you're addressing, your research methods, and primary findings or conclusions. For instance, if your paper discusses the impact of social media on mental health, mention your research methods and significant findings.
Engagement: Make your abstract engaging. Use language that draws readers in. For example, if your paper explores the effects of artificial intelligence on the job market, you might begin with a question like, 'Is AI revolutionizing our work landscape, or should we prepare for the robots to take over?'
Clarity: Avoid excessive jargon or technical terms to ensure accessibility to a wider audience.

Craft the Introduction

The introduction sets the stage for your entire term paper and should engage readers from the outset. To craft an intriguing introduction, consider these tips:

Hook Your Audience: Start with a captivating hook, such as a thought-provoking question or a compelling statistic. For example, if your paper explores the impact of smartphone addiction, you could begin with, 'Can you remember the last time you went a whole day without checking your phone?'
State Your Purpose: Clearly state the purpose of your paper and its relevance. If your term paper is about renewable energy's role in combating climate change, explain why this topic is essential in today's world.
Provide a Roadmap: Briefly outline how your paper is structured. For instance, if your paper discusses the benefits of mindfulness meditation, mention that you will explore its effects on stress reduction, emotional well-being, and cognitive performance.
Thesis Statement: Conclude your introduction with a concise thesis statement that encapsulates the central argument or message of your paper. In the case of a term paper on the impact of online education, your thesis might be: 'Online education is revolutionizing learning by providing accessibility, flexibility, and innovative teaching methods.'

Develop the Body Sections: Brainstorming Concepts and Content

Generate ideas and compose text: body sections.

The body of your term paper is where you present your research, arguments, and analysis. To generate ideas and write engaging text in the body sections, consider these strategies from our research paper writer :

Structure Your Ideas: Organize your paper into sections or paragraphs, each addressing a specific aspect of your topic. For example, if your term paper explores the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships, you might have sections on communication patterns, privacy concerns, and emotional well-being.
Support with Evidence: Back up your arguments with credible evidence, such as data, research findings, or expert opinions. For instance, when discussing the effects of social media on mental health, you can include statistics on social media usage and its correlation with anxiety or depression.
Offer Diverse Perspectives: Acknowledge and explore various viewpoints on the topic. When writing about the pros and cons of genetic engineering, present both the potential benefits, like disease prevention, and the ethical concerns associated with altering human genetics.
Use Engaging Examples: Incorporate real-life examples to illustrate your points. If your paper discusses the consequences of climate change, share specific instances of extreme weather events or environmental degradation to make the topic relatable.
Ask Thought-Provoking Questions: Integrate questions throughout your text to engage readers and stimulate critical thinking. In a term paper on the future of artificial intelligence, you might ask, 'How will AI impact job markets and the concept of work in the coming years?'

Formulate the Conclusion

The conclusion section should provide a satisfying wrap-up of your arguments and insights. To craft a compelling term paper example conclusion, follow these steps:

Revisit Your Thesis: Begin by restating your thesis statement. This reinforces the central message of your paper. For example, if your thesis is about the importance of biodiversity conservation, reiterate that biodiversity is crucial for ecological balance and human well-being.
Summarize Key Points: Briefly recap the main points you've discussed in the body of your paper. For instance, if you've been exploring the impact of globalization on local economies, summarize the effects on industries, job markets, and cultural diversity.
Emphasize Your Main Argument: Reaffirm the significance of your thesis and the overall message of your paper. Discuss why your findings are important or relevant in a broader context. If your term paper discusses the advantages of renewable energy, underscore its potential to combat climate change and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
Offer a Thoughtful Reflection: Share your own reflections or insights about the topic. How has your understanding evolved during your research? Have you uncovered any unexpected findings or implications? If your paper discusses the future of space exploration, consider what it means for humanity's quest to explore the cosmos.
End with Impact: Conclude your term paper with a powerful closing statement. You can leave the reader with a thought-provoking question, a call to action, or a reflection on the broader implications of your topic. For instance, if your paper is about the ethics of artificial intelligence, you could finish by asking, 'As AI continues to advance, what ethical considerations will guide our choices and decisions?'

Edit and Enhance the Initial Draft

After completing your initial draft, the revision and polishing phase is essential for improving your paper. Here's how to refine your work efficiently:

Take a Break: Step back and return to your paper with a fresh perspective.
Structure Check: Ensure your paper flows logically and transitions smoothly from the introduction to the conclusion.
Clarity and Conciseness: Trim excess words for clarity and precision.
Grammar and Style: Proofread for errors and ensure consistent style.
Citations and References: Double-check your citations and reference list.
Peer Review: Seek feedback from peers or professors for valuable insights.
Enhance Intro and Conclusion: Make your introduction and conclusion engaging and impactful.
Coherence Check: Ensure your arguments support your thesis consistently.
Read Aloud: Reading your paper aloud helps identify issues.
Final Proofread: Perform a thorough proofread to catch any remaining errors.

Term Paper Format

When formatting your term paper, consider its length and the required citation style, which depends on your research topic. Proper referencing is crucial to avoid plagiarism in academic writing. Common citation styles include APA and MLA.

If unsure how to cite term paper for social sciences, use the APA format, including the author's name, book title, publication year, publisher, and location when citing a book.

For liberal arts and humanities, MLA is common, requiring the publication name, date, and location for referencing.

Adhering to the appropriate term paper format and citation style ensures an organized and academically sound paper. Follow your instructor's guidelines for a polished and successful paper.

Term Paper Example

To access our term paper example, simply click the button below.

The timeline of events from 1776 to 1861, that, in the end, prompted the American Civil War, describes and relates to a number of subjects modern historians acknowledge as the origins and causes of the Civil War. In fact, pre-Civil War events had both long-term and short-term influences on the War—such as the election of Abraham Lincoln as the American president in 1860 that led to the Fall of Fort Sumter in April of the same year. In that period, contentions that surrounded states’ rights progressively exploded in Congress—since they were the initial events that formed after independence. Congress focused on resolving significant issues that affected the states, which led to further issues. In that order, the US’s history from 1776 to 1861 provides a rich history, as politicians brought forth dissimilarities, dissections, and tensions between the Southern US & the people of slave states, and the Northern states that were loyal to the Union. The events that unfolded from the period of 1776 to 1861 involved a series of issues because they promoted the great sectional crisis that led to political divisions and the build-up to the Civil War that made the North and the South seem like distinctive and timeless regions that predated the crisis itself.

Final Thoughts

In closing, approach the task of writing term papers with determination and a positive outlook. Begin well in advance, maintain organization, and have faith in your capabilities. Don't hesitate to seek assistance if required, and express your individual perspective with confidence. You're more than capable of succeeding in this endeavor!

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Research Papers

Everything You Need to Know to Write an A+ Term Paper

Last Updated: March 4, 2024 Fact Checked

Sample Term Papers

Researching & outlining.

Drafting Your Paper
Revising Your Paper

Expert Q&A

This article was co-authored by Matthew Snipp, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Raven Minyard, BA . C. Matthew Snipp is the Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He is also the Director for the Institute for Research in the Social Science’s Secure Data Center. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published 3 books and over 70 articles and book chapters on demography, economic development, poverty and unemployment. He is also currently serving on the National Institute of Child Health and Development’s Population Science Subcommittee. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. There are 13 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 2,230,963 times.

A term paper is a written assignment given to students at the end of a course to gauge their understanding of the material. Term papers typically count for a good percentage of your overall grade, so of course, you’ll want to write the best paper possible. Luckily, we’ve got you covered. In this article, we’ll teach you everything you need to know to write an A+ term paper, from researching and outlining to drafting and revising.

Quick Steps to Write a Term Paper

Hook your readers with an interesting and informative intro paragraph. State your thesis and your main points.
Support your thesis by providing quotes and evidence that back your claim in your body paragraphs.
Summarize your main points and leave your readers with a thought-provoking question in your conclusion.

Think of your term paper as the bridge between what you’ve learned in class and how you apply that knowledge to real-world topics.
For example, a history term paper may require you to explore the consequences of a significant historical event, like the Civil War. An environmental science class, on the other hand, may have you examine the effects of climate change on a certain region.
Your guidelines should tell you the paper’s word count and formatting style, like whether to use in-text citations or footnotes and whether to use single- or double-spacing. If these things aren’t specified, be sure to reach out to your instructor.

Make sure your topic isn’t too broad. For example, if you want to write about Shakespeare’s work, first narrow it down to a specific play, like Macbeth , then choose something even more specific like Lady Macbeth’s role in the plot.
If the topic is already chosen for you, explore unique angles that can set your content and information apart from the more obvious approaches many others will probably take. [3] X Research source
Try not to have a specific outcome in mind, as this will close you off to new ideas and avenues of thinking. Rather than trying to mold your research to fit your desired outcome, allow the outcome to reflect a genuine analysis of the discoveries you made. Ask yourself questions throughout the process and be open to having your beliefs challenged.
Reading other people's comments, opinions, and entries on a topic can often help you to refine your own, especially where they comment that "further research" is required or where they posit challenging questions but leave them unanswered.

For example, if you’re writing a term paper about Macbeth , your primary source would be the play itself. Then, look for other research papers and analyses written by academics and scholars to understand how they interpret the text.

For example, if you’re writing a paper about Lady Macbeth, your thesis could be something like “Shakespeare’s characterization of Lady Macbeth reveals how desire for power can control someone’s life.”
Remember, your research and thesis development doesn’t stop here. As you continue working through both the research and writing, you may want to make changes that align with the ideas forming in your mind and the discoveries you continue to unearth.
On the other hand, don’t keep looking for new ideas and angles for fear of feeling confined. At some point, you’re going to have to say enough is enough and make your point. You may have other opportunities to explore these questions in future studies, but for now, remember your term paper has a finite word length and an approaching due date!

Step 5 Develop an outline for the paper.

Abstract: An abstract is a concise summary of your paper that informs readers of your topic, its significance, and the key points you’ll explore. It must stand on its own and make sense without referencing outside sources or your actual paper.
Introduction: The introduction establishes the main idea of your paper and directly states the thesis. Begin your introduction with an attention-grabbing sentence to intrigue your readers, and provide any necessary background information to establish your paper’s purpose and direction.
Body paragraphs: Each body paragraph focuses on a different argument supporting your thesis. List specific evidence from your sources to back up your arguments. Provide detailed information about your topic to enhance your readers’ understanding. In your outline, write down the main ideas for each body paragraph and any outstanding questions or points you’re not yet sure about.
Results: Depending on the type of term paper you’re writing, your results may be incorporated into your body paragraphs or conclusion. These are the insights that your research led you to. Here you can discuss how your perspective and understanding of your topic shifted throughout your writing process.
Conclusion: Your conclusion summarizes your argument and findings. You may restate your thesis and major points as you wrap up your paper.

Drafting Your Term Paper

Step 1 Make your point in the introduction.

Writing an introduction can be challenging, but don’t get too caught up on it. As you write the rest of your paper, your arguments might change and develop, so you’ll likely need to rewrite your intro at the end, anyway. Writing your intro is simply a means of getting started and you can always revise it later. [10] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
Be sure to define any words your readers might not understand. For example, words like “globalization” have many different meanings depending on context, and it’s important to state which ones you’ll be using as part of your introductory paragraph.

Step 2 Persuade your readers with your body paragraphs.

Try to relate the subject of the essay (say, Plato’s Symposium ) to a tangentially related issue you happen to know something about (say, the growing trend of free-wheeling hookups in frat parties). Slowly bring the paragraph around to your actual subject and make a few generalizations about why this aspect of the book/subject is so fascinating and worthy of study (such as how different the expectations for physical intimacy were then compared to now).

Step 3 Summarize your argument with your conclusion.

You can also reflect on your own experience of researching and writing your term paper. Discuss how your understanding of your topic evolved and any unexpected findings you came across.

While peppering quotes throughout your text is a good way to help make your point, don’t overdo it. If you use too many quotes, you’re basically allowing other authors to make the point and write the paper for you. When you do use a quote, be sure to explain why it is relevant in your own words.
Try to sort out your bibliography at the beginning of your writing process to avoid having a last-minute scramble. When you have all the information beforehand (like the source’s title, author, publication date, etc.), it’s easier to plug them into the correct format.

Revising & Finalizing Your Term Paper

Step 1 Make your writing as concise as possible.

Trade in weak “to-be” verbs for stronger “action” verbs. For example: “I was writing my term paper” becomes “I wrote my term paper.”

Step 2 Check for grammar and spelling errors.

It’s extremely important to proofread your term paper. If your writing is full of mistakes, your instructor will assume you didn’t put much effort into your paper. If you have too many errors, your message will be lost in the confusion of trying to understand what you’ve written.

Step 3 Have someone else read over your paper.

If you add or change information to make things clearer for your readers, it’s a good idea to look over your paper one more time to catch any new typos that may have come up in the process.

The best essays are like grass court tennis—the argument should flow in a "rally" style, building persuasively to the conclusion. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
If you get stuck, consider giving your professor a visit. Whether you're still struggling for a thesis or you want to go over your conclusion, most instructors are delighted to help and they'll remember your initiative when grading time rolls around. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
At least 2 hours for 3-5 pages.
At least 4 hours for 8-10 pages.
At least 6 hours for 12-15 pages.
Double those hours if you haven't done any homework and you haven't attended class.
For papers that are primarily research-based, add about two hours to those times (although you'll need to know how to research quickly and effectively, beyond the purview of this brief guide).

↑ https://www.binghamton.edu/counseling/self-help/term-paper.html
↑ Matthew Snipp, PhD. Research Fellow, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Expert Interview. 26 March 2020.
↑ https://emory.libanswers.com/faq/44525
↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/planresearchpaper/
↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/thesis_statement_tips.html
↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/outline
↑ https://gallaudet.edu/student-success/tutorial-center/english-center/writing/guide-to-writing-introductions-and-conclusions/
↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26731827
↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/writing-an-abstract-for-your-research-paper/
↑ https://www.ivcc.edu/stylesite/Essay_Title.pdf
↑ https://www.uni-flensburg.de/fileadmin/content/institute/anglistik/dokumente/downloads/how-to-write-a-term-paper-daewes.pdf
↑ https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185937
↑ https://www.cornerstone.edu/blog-post/six-steps-to-really-edit-your-paper/

About This Article

If you need to write a term paper, choose your topic, then start researching that topic. Use your research to craft a thesis statement which states the main idea of your paper, then organize all of your facts into an outline that supports your thesis. Once you start writing, state your thesis in the first paragraph, then use the body of the paper to present the points that support your argument. End the paper with a strong conclusion that restates your thesis. For tips on improving your term paper through active voice, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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50+ Research Topics for Psychology Papers

How to Find Psychology Research Topics for Your Student Paper

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Specific Branches of Psychology
Topics Involving a Disorder or Type of Therapy
Human Cognition
Human Development
Critique of Publications
Famous Experiments
Historical Figures
Specific Careers
Case Studies
Literature Reviews
Your Own Study/Experiment

Are you searching for a great topic for your psychology paper ? Sometimes it seems like coming up with topics of psychology research is more challenging than the actual research and writing. Fortunately, there are plenty of great places to find inspiration and the following list contains just a few ideas to help get you started.

Finding a solid topic is one of the most important steps when writing any type of paper. It can be particularly important when you are writing a psychology research paper or essay. Psychology is such a broad topic, so you want to find a topic that allows you to adequately cover the subject without becoming overwhelmed with information.

I can always tell when a student really cares about the topic they chose; it comes through in the writing. My advice is to choose a topic that genuinely interests you, so you’ll be more motivated to do thorough research.

In some cases, such as in a general psychology class, you might have the option to select any topic from within psychology's broad reach. Other instances, such as in an abnormal psychology course, might require you to write your paper on a specific subject such as a psychological disorder.

As you begin your search for a topic for your psychology paper, it is first important to consider the guidelines established by your instructor.

Research Topics Within Specific Branches of Psychology

The key to selecting a good topic for your psychology paper is to select something that is narrow enough to allow you to really focus on the subject, but not so narrow that it is difficult to find sources or information to write about.

One approach is to narrow your focus down to a subject within a specific branch of psychology. For example, you might start by deciding that you want to write a paper on some sort of social psychology topic. Next, you might narrow your focus down to how persuasion can be used to influence behavior .

Other social psychology topics you might consider include:

Prejudice and discrimination (i.e., homophobia, sexism, racism)
Social cognition
Person perception
Social control and cults
Persuasion, propaganda, and marketing
Attraction, romance, and love
Nonverbal communication
Prosocial behavior

Psychology Research Topics Involving a Disorder or Type of Therapy

Exploring a psychological disorder or a specific treatment modality can also be a good topic for a psychology paper. Some potential abnormal psychology topics include specific psychological disorders or particular treatment modalities, including:

Eating disorders
Borderline personality disorder
Seasonal affective disorder
Schizophrenia
Antisocial personality disorder
Profile a type of therapy (i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapy, group therapy, psychoanalytic therapy)

Topics of Psychology Research Related to Human Cognition

Some of the possible topics you might explore in this area include thinking, language, intelligence, and decision-making. Other ideas might include:

False memories
Speech disorders
Problem-solving

Topics of Psychology Research Related to Human Development

In this area, you might opt to focus on issues pertinent to early childhood such as language development, social learning, or childhood attachment or you might instead opt to concentrate on issues that affect older adults such as dementia or Alzheimer's disease.

Some other topics you might consider include:

Language acquisition
Media violence and children
Learning disabilities
Gender roles
Child abuse
Prenatal development
Parenting styles
Aspects of the aging process

Do a Critique of Publications Involving Psychology Research Topics

One option is to consider writing a critique paper of a published psychology book or academic journal article. For example, you might write a critical analysis of Sigmund Freud's Interpretation of Dreams or you might evaluate a more recent book such as Philip Zimbardo's The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil .

Professional and academic journals are also great places to find materials for a critique paper. Browse through the collection at your university library to find titles devoted to the subject that you are most interested in, then look through recent articles until you find one that grabs your attention.

Topics of Psychology Research Related to Famous Experiments

There have been many fascinating and groundbreaking experiments throughout the history of psychology, providing ample material for students looking for an interesting term paper topic. In your paper, you might choose to summarize the experiment, analyze the ethics of the research, or evaluate the implications of the study. Possible experiments that you might consider include:

The Milgram Obedience Experiment
The Stanford Prison Experiment
The Little Albert Experiment
Pavlov's Conditioning Experiments
The Asch Conformity Experiment
Harlow's Rhesus Monkey Experiments

Topics of Psychology Research About Historical Figures

One of the simplest ways to find a great topic is to choose an interesting person in the history of psychology and write a paper about them. Your paper might focus on many different elements of the individual's life, such as their biography, professional history, theories, or influence on psychology.

While this type of paper may be historical in nature, there is no need for this assignment to be dry or boring. Psychology is full of fascinating figures rife with intriguing stories and anecdotes. Consider such famous individuals as Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, Harry Harlow, or one of the many other eminent psychologists .

Psychology Research Topics About a Specific Career

Another possible topic, depending on the course in which you are enrolled, is to write about specific career paths within the field of psychology . This type of paper is especially appropriate if you are exploring different subtopics or considering which area interests you the most.

In your paper, you might opt to explore the typical duties of a psychologist, how much people working in these fields typically earn, and the different employment options that are available.

Topics of Psychology Research Involving Case Studies

One potentially interesting idea is to write a psychology case study of a particular individual or group of people. In this type of paper, you will provide an in-depth analysis of your subject, including a thorough biography.

Generally, you will also assess the person, often using a major psychological theory such as Piaget's stages of cognitive development or Erikson's eight-stage theory of human development . It is also important to note that your paper doesn't necessarily have to be about someone you know personally.

In fact, many professors encourage students to write case studies on historical figures or fictional characters from books, television programs, or films.

Psychology Research Topics Involving Literature Reviews

Another possibility that would work well for a number of psychology courses is to do a literature review of a specific topic within psychology. A literature review involves finding a variety of sources on a particular subject, then summarizing and reporting on what these sources have to say about the topic.

Literature reviews are generally found in the introduction of journal articles and other psychology papers , but this type of analysis also works well for a full-scale psychology term paper.

Topics of Psychology Research Based on Your Own Study or Experiment

Many psychology courses require students to design an actual psychological study or perform some type of experiment. In some cases, students simply devise the study and then imagine the possible results that might occur. In other situations, you may actually have the opportunity to collect data, analyze your findings, and write up your results.

Finding a topic for your study can be difficult, but there are plenty of great ways to come up with intriguing ideas. Start by considering your own interests as well as subjects you have studied in the past.

Online sources, newspaper articles, books , journal articles, and even your own class textbook are all great places to start searching for topics for your experiments and psychology term papers. Before you begin, learn more about how to conduct a psychology experiment .

What This Means For You

After looking at this brief list of possible topics for psychology papers, it is easy to see that psychology is a very broad and diverse subject. While this variety makes it possible to find a topic that really catches your interest, it can sometimes make it very difficult for some students to select a good topic.

If you are still stumped by your assignment, ask your instructor for suggestions and consider a few from this list for inspiration.

Hockenbury, SE & Nolan, SA. Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers; 2014.
Santrock, JW. A Topical Approach to Lifespan Development. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2016.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

How to Research a Term Paper

#scribendiinc

The term paper researching process

So, you wrote a great college admissions essay and were accepted at the university or college of your dreams. Now, you've been assigned your first term paper, and you don't know where to start!

The research process is an exploratory quest, a hunt for information that can be both exciting and rewarding. The word itself is derived from the French rechercher, which literally means "to investigate thoroughly." So, when embarking on writing a term paper or research paper, think of yourself as a detective. You will not only search for information but also delve into the whys and wherefores behind the subject material, seeking to provide elucidation through your term paper.

Select a topic for your term paper

Let's start at the beginning. The first step in the essay writing process is to decide on a worthy topic, choosing one that is interesting to you. Make a list of keywords—these are important words or phrases that encapsulate the essence of your topic. Good keywords will specifically describe your topic, but consider using closely related words, as well. Use these keywords when searching print or electronic sources that you can use in your term paper.

Research your term paper topic

General-purpose reference books, such as encyclopedias and fact books, provide comprehensive summaries and suggestions for sub-topics, as well as related terminology. Although these books are not generally considered suitable sources to cite in a term paper, the bibliographies they contain can be very helpful. This initial reading may help you to narrow your interest, stimulate additional questions, and focus your research. We recommend the following general resources, as they are more global in scope: The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World , CQ Researcher , the Political Handbook of the World, the Index to International Public Opinion, and World Opinion Update . These publications deal with particular topics, give summaries of various governments, or take other specialized approaches, which are generally considered acceptable sources to cite in a term paper.

The next step is to either narrow your topic (so you can deal with the amount of information) or to broaden it so you have enough to write about. You might have to pick a particular sub-topic and make that your area of interest, or combine certain aspects of a topic to create a narrower one. Decide the direction you want the research for your term paper to take. What are the most interesting aspects of the topic, and what do you want to learn? Be careful not to be too general. This term paper researching process will keep you from getting lost or sidetracked when searching for information.

Find suitable sources for your term paper

At this point, decide on the most likely sources of information—books, journal articles, newspapers, online databases, CD-ROM databases, interviews, etc. Dig around in the library and locate sources for your term paper. Use your library's computer access system to find books on your subject. Some topics may be so current that few, if any, books are available. If this is the case, research scholarly journals for up-to-date information and analyses. You should consult journals even for non-contemporary topics, since scholars may have unearthed new information or produced new analyses. You may also find valuable information published in the reports of a government agency, in hearings or reports of a government committee, or in the transcripts of the proceedings of a government body. The United Nations and a number of other international organizations also publish proceedings and reports.

Don't forget that when you locate the sources you want to use for your term paper, you should be trying to find answers to the questions you posed previously. Also, don't forget to make use of the reference librarian, who can help you to locate and use sources efficiently.

Get organized early! Keep track of your sources

It is very helpful to make notes about your sources on index cards or in an Excel spreadsheet . Such notes should include bibliographic information, page numbers for quotations, and source locations. This way, you can easily find the source of an idea, quote, reference, etc. Number these cards so you can link them to your term paper notes: this will make the references section of your report a snap to complete.

Remember—thoroughly peruse all the information you have gathered, making copious notes as you go. This preliminary research should answer basic factual questions, as well as interpretive ones, and should help you to refocus. Give yourself a reasonable amount of time to absorb all the information you've read.

Writing a research or term paper

In our follow-up article about writing a research paper , we explain the next steps in the term paper writing process. The article discusses your thesis statement, body of your paper, and your reference page. If you would like to learn more about essay writing, check out Scribendi's article 12 Ways to Quickly Improve Your Academic Essay Writing Skills .

Image source: Samuel Zeller/Unsplash.com

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How To Write a Term Paper: A Guide That Works

30 June, 2020

16 minutes read

Author: Mathieu Johnson

Once you’ve started your university career, you are going to be asked to present a term paper. What’s the difference between a term paper and a research paper? How can you write a good term? What’s the best way to structure it? Where can you find some tips to make the writing process faster? In this article, we’ll discuss a few tips to help you prepare a term paper quickly and professionally.

What Is a Term Paper… And What Is The First Step?

A term paper is a critical and analytical report on the topic or subject that you covered within the course of studies. It usually consists of two separate but equally important aspects: your own thoughts about the topic and a demonstration of your understanding of the existing literature. The main goal of this assignment is to summarize the material you learned and showcase your understanding of the topic. This aspect makes the term paper a universal instrument for assessing a student’s proficiency. It also explains why term papers cost so many points of your course grade.

We usually associate a term paper with a research paper , but although the concepts are quite similar, a research paper requires a more academic approach and a deeper investigation into the literature of your field of study.

To write an outstanding college term paper, you must understand that your professor has requested it in order to test your analytical thinking skills. You must collect relevant data, analyze it, and then make a summary or solve a particular problem. Such skills are highly relevant to the business world, so this type of the task is as practical as it is educational.

So, let’s start the preparation!

Before you begin writing

Unfortunately, there is no magical recipe that allows you to get everything done fast. You will need to choose the best way forward in whatever situation you find yourself, but here are some tips to help you prepare for the assignment.

To begin with, take the research stage seriously . Sometimes, when students are really interested in a topic, they only want to present their personal ideas about the problem. Unfortunately, if you’re not completely familiar with all the data from the various sources, you will need to reinvent the bicycle.

Term paper writing was never an easy ride. Well, not for our expert writers. Place an order with our term paper writing service and secure yourself an “A!”

In the initial stages of your research, investigate everything you can find on the topic . This may sound like a tall order, but you’ll find that it doesn’t actually entail that much reading. At this point you are only compiling the research, so you will be skimming through numerous prospects rather than reading them completely. Bear in mind that your aim is to get acquainted with the various aspects of your problem. The term paper summarizes the knowledge you gained within a course and requires to familiarize yourself with the research that other people have already made on your topic.

Thinking that your opinions are completely original and unique is quite egocentric, and it can get you into trouble. So, “your” thoughts about the problem are usually just somebody else’s statements that you have rephrased (or even a well-established academic concept!). Remember that your professor will be familiar with all the literature surrounding the issue: if you merely rewrite someone else’s thoughts and present them as your own (even if you don’t realize doing it), be prepared for criticism!

Applying a Structure To Your Term Paper

Once you have read all the leading authors and their approaches to your problem, it’s time to create a structure for your work. This is not yet an outline; you just need to decide what to write about. Sketch out the topic for the theoretical portion of your work and think about practical aspects and how you can approach the research in the best possible way.

At this point, you really need to call or email your supervisor . Your professor will have seen hundreds of term papers like yours (i.e., they have not yet been written, but a definite idea exists!) and will be prepared to give you feedback and advice. He or she will tell you what literature you have omitted, offer suggestions about what you should read, and give you feedback about your paper. It may well be that your approach has already occurred to somebody else, in which case there is no need to repeat it.

Choosing a Topic: Easy as Riding a Bike?

When you choose your topic, make sure you choose something that you are interested in . That’s our advice if you want a painless term paper. If you prefer to investigate a field that you’ve never really explored before, you can challenge yourself to do that, too. That might be sophisticated, but why not?

If you decide to investigate a topic or a problem that you are pretty familiar with, your writing will be more fluid. You will focus your attention on a specific aspect of the chosen field and expand your knowledge within that scope. On the contrary, choosing an unfamiliar subject matter can wash out your expertise.

Be prepared to change the topic if you find out that your research isn’t going anywhere. It might occur that you presuppose that your topic has a potential but somewhere at the stage of initial research, you find that it just won’t work. It’s always a good idea to consider two or three topics when you kick off the term paper writing – even if they are just different ways of examining the same problem. By doing this, you will be able to choose the best version, which may not be the one you started with at all!

Related Post: 100 Persuasive essay topics

Formulating a Thesis statement

Writing a proper thesis statement can also be challenging. To begin with, write down a couple of prominent ideas or concepts, then try to make rough drafts of them to see how they’ll work in the structural framework. You will probably find that one idea fits your style, interests, and knowledge base: you can choose that one as your thesis statement.

Remember that the thesis statement is the skeleton, the central concept of your paper. It is the elemental attribute of almost any academic paper – from master’s thesis to a simple five paragraph essay. If you do a thorough job on it, you will find that writing (and defending!) your argument is much easier.

Be aware that all of these stages are parts of a procedure – one leads to another. When writing a term paper, you should collect the material and wrap it up at the same time.

Planning – The Key To Success

Some people claim that they can write a term paper without any planning. In our opinion, this is impossible. If you don’t have a postgraduate degree and you aren’t a certified genius, you need to prepare an outline for your project. It may come as a surprise, but even people who claim otherwise actually prepare outlines – in their heads. But if you don’t have that much experience, use a pencil and your notebook to ensure that you don’t forget anything.

Don’t procrastinate on your College or University papers anymore. Get professional help with our essay writer !

That’s when we get to preparing your first draft . There’s only one thing to add here: do as many drafts as you need in order to achieve your goal. Understand that your aim is to create an excellent term paper and keep working at it until you are satisfied.

Term Paper Outline: Write Everything In The Proper Section!

In the Introduction , state the topic that you are going to investigate and the context of your work. This is the critical ‘selling’ moment of your work. In a nutshell, your introduction combined with a conclusion should give a sneak peek into what the whole paper is about. If your introduction is well-prepared, it will be quite complacent about the body of your project. The introduction must include an abstract that presents your thesis statement . You should explain your motivation (why should the reader be concerned about this problem?) , your methods (what scientific tools did you use?) , and the results (what you achieved) .

The Literature Review totally corresponds to its name – it is here to review the literature you compiled. Your professor will double check it to make sure that you understand the context of your argument. One more thing to add is: collect all the information you can! Ideally, you should read or at least glance through every book and author that you can find on the topic. Think of your task as a fascinating journey: if you approach it like that, reading hundreds of pages won’t seem like that much of a challenge.

In the Discussion , you must present the interpretations of the problem. Be honest, explain what you pieces of data you don’t agree with and what ideas and concepts you support. This section connects the dots between theory and practice when writing a term paper. Wherever possible, provide several interpretations of the subject matter, then choose the one(s) that are most relevant to the case you are presenting.

In the Body , focus on those arguments that prove your thesis statement. This section must be absolutely logical. If you have chosen a more complicated topic, use heading and sub-headings to improve the appearance of this section. While writing the body, keep your target audience (your professors) in mind. In other words, don’t just record the obvious causes/effects/solutions but also showcase your own findings – what you have discovered and how that proves your thesis statement. Demonstrate that you are familiar with the details and you will stun your readers with the prolific mastery of the topic.

Now, the Conclusion is her to summarize both the content and the purpose of the paper. The most challenging part is not to make it too dry. Reiterate your thesis statement and briefly show how your results justified your proposition. At the very end, you can suggest a call to action or pose a rhetorical question or statement that leaves your reader wanting more.

What to do next?

When you have finished, reread your work a couple of times. You will almost certainly find a few faults, whether they are contextual, factual, syntactical, grammatical, or even simple spelling mistakes. A very useful tip is to wait for two or three days after writing your final draft to proofread it afterward. Your brain will have time to process the information, and you’ll be able to look at it with a fresh view.

When proofreading, take care to polish the structural problems. The skeleton (the logic and the thesis statement) should make sense. If they don’t, try to approach the problem from another perspective. The changes may take some time, but bear in mind that your objective is to produce professional work. Be patient!

After that, print the term paper. The human eye processes information differently on the paper than on a computer screen; that’s why you need to print it and take one final look for any possible mistakes. Even if you don’t see any serious defects, pay attention to formatting, punctuation, and synonyms. It’s an academic text, so make it shine!

Term Paper Sample

Be sure to check the sample of a term paper, completed by our writers. Use it as an example to perfect your own writing. Link: Term Paper Sample: Consumer Buying Behavior .

The Do’s and Don’ts of Term Paper Writing

There you have the most important tips to help you succeed in writing a term paper. Now it’s up to you to stop reading and start writing!

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Home » Term Paper – Format, Examples and Writing Guide

Term Paper – Format, Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

Definition:

Term paper is a type of academic writing assignment that is typically assigned to students at the end of a semester or term. It is usually a research-based paper that is meant to demonstrate the student’s understanding of a particular topic, as well as their ability to analyze and synthesize information from various sources.

Term papers are usually longer than other types of academic writing assignments and can range anywhere from 5 to 20 pages or more, depending on the level of study and the specific requirements of the assignment. They often require extensive research and the use of a variety of sources, including books, articles, and other academic publications.

Term Paper Format

The format of a term paper may vary depending on the specific requirements of your professor or institution. However, a typical term paper usually consists of the following sections:

Title page: This should include the title of your paper, your name, the course name and number, your instructor’s name, and the date.
Abstract : This is a brief summary of your paper, usually no more than 250 words. It should provide an overview of your topic, the research question or hypothesis, your methodology, and your main findings or conclusions.
Introduction : This section should introduce your topic and provide background information on the subject. You should also state your research question or hypothesis and explain the importance of your research.
Literature review : This section should review the existing literature on your topic. You should summarize the key findings and arguments made by other scholars and identify any gaps in the literature that your research aims to address.
Methodology: This section should describe the methods you used to collect and analyze your data. You should explain your research design, sampling strategy, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques.
Results : This section should present your findings. You can use tables, graphs, and charts to illustrate your data.
Discussion : This section should interpret your findings and explain what they mean in relation to your research question or hypothesis. You should also discuss any limitations of your study and suggest areas for future research.
Conclusion : This section should summarize your main findings and conclusions. You should also restate the importance of your research and its implications for the field.
References : This section should list all the sources you cited in your paper using a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
Appendices : This section should include any additional materials that are relevant to your study but not essential to your main argument (e.g., survey questions, interview transcripts).

Structure of Term Paper

Here’s an example structure for a term paper:

I. Introduction

A. Background information on the topic

B. Thesis statement

II. Literature Review

A. Overview of current literature on the topic

B. Discussion of key themes and findings from literature

C. Identification of gaps in current literature

III. Methodology

A. Description of research design

B. Discussion of data collection methods

C. Explanation of data analysis techniques

IV. Results

A. Presentation of findings

B. Analysis and interpretation of results

C. Comparison of results with previous studies

V. Discussion

A. Summary of key findings

B. Explanation of how results address the research questions

C. Implications of results for the field

VI. Conclusion

A. Recap of key points

B. Significance of findings

C. Future directions for research

VII. References

A. List of sources cited in the paper

How to Write Term Paper

Here are some steps to help you write a term paper:

Choose a topic: Choose a topic that interests you and is relevant to your course. If your professor has assigned a topic, make sure you understand it and clarify any doubts before you start.
Research : Conduct research on your topic by gathering information from various sources such as books, academic journals, and online resources. Take notes and organize your information systematically.
Create an outline : Create an outline of your term paper by arranging your ideas and information in a logical sequence. Your outline should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
Write a thesis statement: Write a clear and concise thesis statement that states the main idea of your paper. Your thesis statement should be included in your introduction.
Write the introduction: The introduction should grab the reader’s attention, provide background information on your topic, and introduce your thesis statement.
Write the body : The body of your paper should provide supporting evidence for your thesis statement. Use your research to provide details and examples to support your argument. Make sure to organize your ideas logically and use transition words to connect paragraphs.
Write the conclusion : The conclusion should summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.
Edit and proofread: Edit and proofread your term paper carefully to ensure that it is free of errors and flows smoothly. Check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
Format and cite your sources: Follow the formatting guidelines provided by your professor and cite your sources properly using the appropriate citation style.
Submit your paper : Submit your paper on time and according to the instructions provided by your professor.

Term Paper Example

Here’s an example of a term paper:

Title : The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity

As the world becomes more digitally interconnected, cybersecurity threats are increasing in frequency and sophistication. Traditional security measures are no longer enough to protect against these threats. This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity, including how AI can be used to detect and respond to threats in real-time, the challenges of implementing AI in cybersecurity, and the potential ethical implications of AI-powered security systems. The paper concludes with recommendations for organizations looking to integrate AI into their cybersecurity strategies.

Introduction :

The increasing number of cybersecurity threats in recent years has led to a growing interest in the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve cybersecurity. AI has the ability to analyze vast amounts of data and identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate a security breach. Additionally, AI can automate responses to threats, allowing for faster and more effective mitigation of security incidents. However, there are also challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, such as the need for large amounts of high-quality data, the potential for AI systems to make mistakes, and the ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI in security.

Literature Review:

This section of the paper reviews existing research on the use of AI in cybersecurity. It begins by discussing the types of AI techniques used in cybersecurity, including machine learning, natural language processing, and neural networks. The literature review then explores the advantages of using AI in cybersecurity, such as its ability to detect previously unknown threats and its potential to reduce the workload of security analysts. However, the review also highlights some of the challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, such as the need for high-quality training data and the potential for AI systems to be fooled by sophisticated attacks.

Methodology :

To better understand the challenges and opportunities associated with using AI in cybersecurity, this paper conducted a survey of cybersecurity professionals working in a variety of industries. The survey included questions about the types of AI techniques used in their organizations, the challenges they faced when implementing AI in cybersecurity, and their perceptions of the ethical implications of using AI in security.

The results of the survey showed that while many organizations are interested in using AI in cybersecurity, they face several challenges when implementing these systems. These challenges include the need for high-quality training data, the potential for AI systems to be fooled by sophisticated attacks, and the difficulty of integrating AI with existing security systems. Additionally, many respondents expressed concerns about the ethical implications of using AI in security, such as the potential for AI to be biased or to make decisions that are harmful to individuals or society as a whole.

Discussion :

Based on the results of the survey and the existing literature, this paper discusses the potential benefits and risks of using AI in cybersecurity. It also provides recommendations for organizations looking to integrate AI into their security strategies, such as the need to prioritize data quality and to ensure that AI systems are transparent and accountable.

Conclusion :

While there are challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, the potential benefits of using these systems are significant. AI can help organizations detect and respond to threats more quickly and effectively, reducing the risk of security breaches. However, it is important for organizations to be aware of the potential ethical implications of using AI in security and to take steps to ensure that these systems are transparent and accountable.

References:

Alkhaldi, S., Al-Daraiseh, A., & Lutfiyya, H. (2019). A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Cyber Security. Journal of Information Security, 10(03), 191-207.
Gartner. (2019). Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2020. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartner-top-10-strategic-technology-trends-for-2020/
Kshetri, N. (2018). Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 80-89.
Lipton, Z. C. (2018). The mythos of model interpretability. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.03490.
Schneier, B. (2019). Click Here to Kill Everybody: Security and Survival in a Hyper-Connected World. WW Norton & Company.
Wahab, M. A., Rahman, M. S., & Islam, M. R. (2020). A Survey on AI Techniques in Cybersecurity. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 11(2), 22-27.

When to Write Term Paper

A term paper is usually a lengthy research paper that is assigned to students at the end of a term or semester. There are several situations when writing a term paper may be required, including:

As a course requirement: In most cases, a term paper is required as part of the coursework for a particular course. It may be assigned by the instructor as a way of assessing the student’s understanding of the course material.
To explore a specific topic : A term paper can be an excellent opportunity for students to explore a specific topic of interest in-depth. It allows them to conduct extensive research on the topic and develop their understanding of it.
To develop critical thinking skills : Writing a term paper requires students to engage in critical thinking and analysis. It helps them to develop their ability to evaluate and interpret information, as well as to present their ideas in a clear and coherent manner.
To prepare for future academic or professional pursuits: Writing a term paper can be an excellent way for students to prepare for future academic or professional pursuits. It can help them to develop the research and writing skills necessary for success in higher education or in a professional career.

Purpose of Term Paper

The main purposes of a term paper are:

Demonstrate mastery of a subject: A term paper provides an opportunity for students to showcase their knowledge and understanding of a particular subject. It requires students to research and analyze the topic, and then present their findings in a clear and organized manner.
Develop critical thinking skills: Writing a term paper requires students to think critically about their subject matter, analyzing various sources and viewpoints, and evaluating evidence to support their arguments.
Improve writing skills : Writing a term paper helps students improve their writing skills, including organization, clarity, and coherence. It also requires them to follow specific formatting and citation guidelines, which can be valuable skills for future academic and professional endeavors.
Contribute to academic discourse : A well-written term paper can contribute to academic discourse by presenting new insights, ideas, and arguments that add to the existing body of knowledge on a particular topic.
Prepare for future research : Writing a term paper can help prepare students for future research, by teaching them how to conduct a literature review, evaluate sources, and formulate research questions and hypotheses. It can also help them develop research skills that they can apply in future academic or professional endeavors.

Advantages of Term Paper

There are several advantages of writing a term paper, including:

In-depth exploration: Writing a term paper allows you to delve deeper into a specific topic, allowing you to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
Improved writing skills: Writing a term paper involves extensive research, critical thinking, and the organization of ideas into a cohesive written document. As a result, writing a term paper can improve your writing skills significantly.
Demonstration of knowledge: A well-written term paper demonstrates your knowledge and understanding of the subject matter, which can be beneficial for academic or professional purposes.
Development of research skills : Writing a term paper requires conducting thorough research, analyzing data, and synthesizing information from various sources. This process can help you develop essential research skills that can be applied in many other areas.
Enhancement of critical thinking : Writing a term paper encourages you to think critically, evaluate information, and develop well-supported arguments. These skills can be useful in many areas of life, including personal and professional decision-making.
Preparation for further academic work : Writing a term paper is excellent preparation for more extensive academic projects, such as a thesis or dissertation.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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My Speech Class

Public Speaking Tips & Speech Topics

717 Good Research Paper Topics

Jim Peterson has over 20 years experience on speech writing. He wrote over 300 free speech topic ideas and how-to guides for any kind of public speaking and speech writing assignments at My Speech Class.

good and interesting research paper topics

Some examples of common research paper styles include:

Argumentative Research Papers
Persuasive Research Papers
Education Research Papers
Analytical Research Papers
Informative Research Papers

Your research essay topic may also need to be related to the specific class you are taking. For example, an economics class may require a business research paper, while a class on human behavior may call for a psychology research paper.

The requirements for your paper will vary depending on whether you are in high school, college, or a postgraduate student. In high school, you may be able to choose an easy topic and cite five or six sources you found on Google or Yahoo!, but college term papers require more in-depth research from reliable sources, such as scholarly books and peer-reviewed journals.

Do you need some help with brainstorming for topics? Some common research paper topics include abortion, birth control, child abuse, gun control, history, climate change, social media, AI, global warming, health, science, and technology.

But we have many more!

On this page, we have hundreds of good research paper topics across a wide range of subject fields. Each of these topics could be used “as is” to write your paper, or as a starting point to develop your own topic ideas.

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How to Choose Your Research Paper Topic

The first step to developing an interesting research paper is choosing a good topic. Finding a topic can be difficult, especially if you don’t know where to start. Finding the Right Research Paper Topic

If you are in a class that allows you to choose your own term paper topic, there are some important areas to consider before you begin your project:

Your Level of Interest: Research papers are time-consuming; you will be spending countless hours researching the topic and related topics, developing several primary and secondary sources, and putting everything together into a paper that is coherent and accomplishes your objectives. If you do not choose a topic you are passionate about, the process will be far more tedious, and the finished product may suffer as a result.

Your Level of Experience: Being interested in a topic is great, but it is even more helpful if you already know something about it. If you can find a topic that you already have some personal and/or professional experience with, it will vastly reduce the amount of research needed and make the whole process much easier.

Available Information on the Topic: Be sure to choose a topic that is not only interesting but also one that has numerous sources available from which to compile your research. A researchable topic with several potential sources gives you access to the level of information you need to become an authority on the subject.

Your Audience: An interesting topic to you may not necessarily be interesting to your professor or whoever is grading your research paper. Before you begin, consider the level of interest of the person(s) who will be reading it. If you are writing a persuasive or argumentative essay, also consider their point of view on the subject matter.

As you begin researching your topic, you may want to revise your thesis statement based on new information you have learned. This is perfectly fine, just have fun and pursue the truth, wherever it leads. If you find that you are not having fun during the research phase, you may want to reconsider the topic you have chosen.

The process of writing the research paper is going to be very time consuming so it’s important to select a topic that is going to sustain your interest for the duration of the project. It is good to select a topic that is relevant to your life since you are going to spend a long time researching and writing about it. Perhaps you are considering starting your own business or pursuing a career in politics. Look through the suggested research paper topics and find one in a category that you can relate to easily. Finding a topic that you have some personal interest in will help make the arduous task a lot easier, and the project will have better results because of your vested interest.

Our List of Research Topics and Issues

Affirmative action, health, pharmacy, medical treatments, interpersonal communication, marketing and advertising, barack obama, discrimination, bill clinton, hilary clinton, computer crimes and security, cosmetic surgery, controversial, criminal justice, donald trump, easy/simple, environment, family violence, foreign policy, gambling and lotteries, the lgbtq community, generational conflict, gun control, hate crimes, immigration, middle east, maternity/paternity leave, natural disasters, police work, population explosion, pornography, prisons and prisoners, prostitution, ronald reagan, student loan debt, teen issues, women, mothers, what, why, and how, relationships.

We compiled an exhaustive list of topics that would make excellent research papers. The topics are specifically organized to help you find one that will work for your project. Broad topics are headed, and then below them are narrowed topics, all to help you find an area to focus on. The way we have organized the topics for research papers can save you lots of time getting prepared to write your research paper.

We have topics that fit into categories that cover such areas as education, environmental sciences, communication and languages, current events, politics, business, criminal justice, art, psychology, economics to name just a few. Simply get started by choosing the category that interests you and peruse through the topics listed in that category and you’ll be well on your way to constructing an excellent research paper.

Be sure to check other topics ideas: persuasive speech topics , argumentative speech topics , policy speech topics . We also have some sample outlines and essay templates .

What limits are responsible?
What limits are realistic?
How to protect abortion doctors, pregnant women, and the protection of abortion clinics vs. the right to protest
Partial birth abortion
Scientific evidence vs. definition of viability
Stem cell research
Unborn victims of violence
Relative equality has been achieved vs. serious inequities continue
Can racial balance in business, education, and the military be achieved without policies that promote Affirmative Action
Reverse discrimination
NOW, National Organization for Women
No government support vs. fairness to parents who pay twice for education
Separation of church and state vs. religion’s contribution to the public good
Placement by age vs. placement by academic ability
Mainstreaming students with disabilities vs. special classrooms for their special needs
Required standardized tests for advancement vs. course requirements only
National standardized tests vs. local control of education
Discrimination in education
Multicultural/bilingual education vs. traditional basics
Teacher competency tests vs. degree requirements only
Teacher’s needs/demands vs. teaching as a service profession
Policing schools
School’s responsibility vs. parental responsibility for school violence
Drug and alcohol abuse, pregnancy, suicide
Zero tolerance toward violence vs. toughness with flexibility
Permit corporal punishment
Exams often do little more than measure a person’s ability to take exams. Should exams be outlawed in favor of another form of assessment?
Should teens in the U.S. adopt the British custom of taking a “gap year” between high school and college?
In some European schools, fewer than 10% of students get “As”. Is there grade inflation in the U.S.? Why so many “As” for Americans?
Education and funding
Grade inflation
No Child Left Behind Act: Is it working?
Home schooling
Standardized tests
Are children smarter (or more socialized) because of the Internet?
Should the federal government be allowed to regulate information on the internet?
How has the music industry been affected by the internet and digital downloading?
How does a search engine work?
What are the effects of prolonged steroid use on the human body?
What are the benefits and hazards of medical marijuana?
How does tobacco use affect the human body?
Do the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks?
What are some common sleep disorders and how are they treated?
What are the risks of artificial tanning or prolonged exposure to the sun?
Should thin people have to pay Medicare and other health costs for the health problems of obese people? Should obese people have higher premiums?
Low carbohydrate vs. low fat diets
Benefits of weight training vs. aerobics
How much weekly exercise is needed to achieve lasting health benefits
Health websites give too much information
Psychological disorders, such as cutting and self-harm, eating disorders, Autism, Tourette Syndrome, ADHD, ADD, Asperger Syndrome
Are we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurants for obesity? When is it individual responsibility and when is it appropriate to place blame?
Should companies allow employees to exercise on work time?
Steroids, Antibiotics, Sprays; Are food manufacturers killing us?
Alternative medicine
Alzheimer’s disease
Causes of eating disorders, society’s portrayal of women
Eating disorders statistics
Down’s syndrome
Birth control
Dietary supplements
Exercise and fitness
Heart disease
In vitro fertilization
Attention deficit disorder
Investigate the history and authenticity of ADHD and ADD.
Organic foods
Prescription drugs
Vegetarianism
Learning disabilities
Schizophrenia
Coma recovery: techniques, successes, new strategies.
What are the primary types of cancer, and in what ways are they related?
Investigate the success ratio of holistic and non-medical cancer treatments.
Is Alzheimer’s inevitable? Examine theories regarding its prevention.
What forms of physical degeneracy are seen as linked to aging?
Investigate the connections between emotional stability and physical well-being, and provide evidence as to how the two may be related.
Investigate differences in rates of injury recovery and overcoming illness based on cultural parameters.
Examine the modern history of viral epidemics, researching what is known about the emergence of deadly viruses.
Examine how congenital heart disease may be treated, and how it differs from other forms of heart disease.
Is occasional depression a natural state to an extent, and is society too eager to treat this as a disorder?
Investigate Sociopathy, determine biological and psychological roots, typical patterns, and potentials of treatment.
How are compulsive behaviors determined as such? Explore examples of anal retention and expulsion, OCD, etc., as offering accepted criteria.
Research and analyze the nature of codependency as both a normal state of relations and as an unhealthy extreme.
Investigate the history and practice of electroshock, analyzing how and why this extreme treatment came to be widely used.
Hoarding: symptoms and treatments, causes, types of hoarding
Limits on extraordinary, costly treatments vs. doing everything possible
Nutritional/alternative therapy vs. mainstream medical treatment insurance coverage for alternative treatment?
Government grants for alternative treatment research?
Health superiority of alternative treatments?
Assisted suicide vs. preservation of life
Governmental insurance requirements
Should there be a national database to track controlled substances (i.e., OXYCODONE) or should it be a state issue?
Should parents avoid vaccinating their children?
Decline of communication due to technology
Online social networks and their influence
Impact of texting and cell phones
How do men and women communicate differently using body language, and why does it matter (in dating, the workplace, and social circles)?
Limitations of the media
Marketing to children
Sexual innuendos in marketing
Global marketing trends
Should certain kinds of ads be banned in the interest of health/morality/annoyance – alcohol, cigarettes, prescription meds, etc…?
Children’s programming and advertising
Most controversial political ads
Media response and public outcry to political ads
Campaign funds and their relation to political advertising
Domestic policy
Separation of church and state
Judge nominations and make up of supreme court
Congressional opposition to presidential nominees/filibusters
Affirmative action
Erosion of civil liberties vs. protection against terrorism
Patriot Act One and Two
Most developed nations have universal health coverage. Why doesn’t the U.S., the wealthiest nation, have it?
Tax cut as economic stimulation
Needs of the states vs. needs of the individuals
Budget deficits and deficit spending
Rich vs. poor
Protection of victims vs. freedom of speech/rights of the accused
How to improve race relations
Women still earn only 75 cents for every $1 a man earns. Explain why.
Discrimination in the workplace: analyzing issues for today’s corporations.
Gender discrimination
Interracial marriage
Should government impose restrictions on what kinds of foods can be served in school cafeterias?
Pros and cons of school uniforms.
Do children learn better in boys-only and girls-only schools?
Charter schools
Prayer in schools
Rights of the individual vs. community safety (or campus safety)
Funding for research
U.S. obligation to third world countries
Manufacturing of generic drugs vs. U.S. pharmaceutical companies
How contagious diseases “jump” from animal hosts to human
What treatments are available to people infected with HIV and are they effective?
Right to privacy of a child with AIDS vs. safety of other children
Limits for campus safety vs. personal freedom
Implications on violence and crime
Issues with binge drinking
Should the U.S. lower the drinking age to 18?
Leniency because of condition vs. community safety
Revoking drivers license vs. being able to attend classes and work
Age discrimination of violators
Animal rights vs. medical research
Should it be illegal to use animals for sports and entertainment?
Humane treatment of animals vs. factory farms
Animal welfare in slaughter houses
Animal protection vs. business, employment interests
School prestige vs. academic standards
Should shoe companies be able to give away free shoes and equipment to high school athletes?
Should college athletes be paid?
Doping in sports
What are the effects on children whose parents push them in sports?
Steroids: Should they be legalized?
Title IX: Has it helped women’s sports? Has it harmed men’s sports?
Social effects of team sports
Needed in public school library/curriculum?
Needed in entertainment industry?
Needed on the Internet?
Should parents censor textbooks and other literature for children in schools?
Parental filters on the Internet. Does censorship actually increase curiosity and use of pornography?
How is internet censorship used in China and around the world?
How has United States censorship changed over the decades?
Democratic kingmaker, influence on political succession
Impact of global initiative
Influence on fundraising
Influence as Secretary of State
Foreign policies
Influence on women
ACT or SAT score requirements
Promotional techniques, such as 1st time scholarships
4 year vs. 2 year colleges
College admission policies
College tuition planning
Distance education
Diploma mills
Online porn vs. freedom of speech
Stalking, invasion of privacy vs. reasonable access
Hacking crimes–workable solutions?
What are the latest ways to steal identity and money?
From where does spam email come and can we stop it?
How do computer viruses spread and in what ways do they affect computers?
Cyber security
Securing Internet commerce: is it possible in today’s arms’ race of hackers and evolving technology?
Is downloading of media (music, videos, software) infringing on the rights of media producers and causing economic hardships on media creators?
Should media producers prosecute students and individuals that they suspect of downloading copyrighted materials?
Programs such as SPOTIFY and PANDORA
Copyright Law
Age limitations on surgery
Addiction to surgery
Demand for beauty by society
The dangers of breast implants for teenagers
The cost of cosmetic surgery
Plastic surgery
Weight loss surgery
Are surgeons “scissor happy,” and are surgeries widely unnecessarily
Negative texting, instant messaging, email
Is cyber-bullying as bad as face-to-face?
Kinds of punishment for cyber-bullying
Media response
Should the state or federal government put laws into place to prevent bullying?
Is homosexuality a choice, or are people born gay?
Evolution vs. Creationism.
Should “under God” remain in the Pledge of Allegiance?
Is healthcare a right or a privilege?
Fossil fuels vs. alternative energy.
Transgender bathroom policies.
Capitalism vs. socialism.
Should parents be allowed to spank their children?
Should sanctuary cities lose their federal funding?
The pros and cons of gun control.
Should the U.S. continue drone strikes in foreign countries?
Was the U.S. justified in going to war with Iraq?
How to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
The pros and cons of animal testing.
Do pro athletes have the right to sit during the national anthem?
Incarceration rates in the U.S.
Technology and the criminal justice system.
Police brutality and minorities.
Should the police wear body cameras?
In what circumstances should the death penalty be allowed?
Should we have stiffer penalties for drunk driving?
Should those who text while driving be put in jail?
White-collar crime and punishment.
Criminalizing protests and activism.
The rise of wrongful convictions.
Mutual consent vs. exploitation
Campuses with “no touch” policy
Drugs associated to Date Rape
Violence and Rape
Government support vs. parental financing
Benefits vs. harmful effects
Trump’s unconventional presidential campaign.
The psychology of Donald Trump.
Who is behind Trump’s political rise?
Donald Trump and evangelical voters.
Donald Trump the businessman.
Trump’s war on the press (aka “fake news”).
The Trump Organization and conflicts of interest.
The border wall and illegal immigration policy.
Global warming and climate change policy.
Trump-Russia collusion.
The rapid rise of “The Resistance.”
Trump’s legislative agenda; e.g., health care, tax policy, deregulation, etc.
Trump’s “America First” trade and foreign policy.
The case for (or against) the Trump presidency.
Punishment vs. treatment
Family reactions
Social acceptance
Community safety vs. legalization
United States military involvement in Colombian drug trade?
Drug legalization
Abstinence Program: Do they work?
Should the federal government legalize the use of marijuana?
What is the true key to happiness?
What is the cause of America’s obesity crisis?
Why sleep is necessary.
Are plastic bottles really bad for you?
How to encourage people to recycle more.
How 3D printers benefit everyone.
How do GPS systems on smartphones work?
How have oil spills impacted the environment?
Verbal vs. nonverbal communication.
The accuracy of lie detector tests.
How Bill Gates and Steve Jobs changed the world.
The pros and cons of hitchhiking.
The PC vs. the Mac.
What causes tornadoes?
Pollution, air, and water
Endangered species
What are the risks of climate change and global warming?
Rain forests
Alternative energy
Alternative fuel/hybrid vehicles
Conservation
Deforestation
Greenhouse effect
Marine pollution
How have oil spills affected the planet and what steps are being taken to prevent them?
Sustainability of buildings
Recycling programs
Cost of “green” programs
Wind turbines
Landfill issues
Renewable fuels
Radioactive waste disposal
Soil pollution
Wildlife conservation: what efforts are being taken to protect endangered wildlife?
Excessive burden on industries?
Drilling for oil in Alaska’s ANWR (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge)
Gasoline consumption vs. SUV’s popularity
Wildlife protection vs. rights of developers
Clean air and water standards–weakened vs. strengthened
What are the dangers of scuba diving and underwater exploration?
Should the use of coal be subjected to stricter environmental regulations than other fuels?
Is global warming a hoax? Is it being exaggerated?
How much is too much noise? What, if anything, should we do to curb it?
Protecting victims vs. rights of the accused
Women who kill abusive husbands vs. punishment for murder
Marital rape?
How to protect children vs. respect for parental rights
Children who kill abusive parents
Child abuse–workable solutions?
Child abuse
Domestic abuse
Organic farming vs. mainline use of chemical sprays
How to best protect the environment; conservation
Family vs. corporate farms
Food production costs
Interventionism?
Third world debt and World Bank/International Monetary Fund
Military support vs. economic development of third world countries
Human rights violations
European Union in competition with the U.S.
Unilateralism
Relevance of the United Nations
Neocon role in foreign policy
Christian right influence on foreign policy
Pentagon vs. State Department
Nation building as a policy
Arms control
Obama’s National Strategy for Counterterrorism
Control of al Qaeda
Drawdown of U.S. Armed Forces in the Middle East
Cats vs. dogs: which makes the better pet?
My pet can live forever: why I love animal clones.
According to my social media profile, my life is perfect.
Football vs. baseball: which sport is America’s favorite pastime?
Starbucks vs. Caribou: whose coffee is better?
What does your dog really think of you?
Why millennials deserve lower pay.
What makes people end up with so many mismatched socks?
How to become a research paper master.
How reading Tuesdays with Morrie can make you wiser.
Easy way to earn revenues vs. social damage
Individual freedom vs. social damage
Do lotteries actually benefit education or is it a scam?
Can gamblers ever acquire a statistical advantage over the house in casino games?
Should there be a constitutional amendment that allows gays and lesbians to legally marry?
Adoption rights?
Need special rights for protection?
College campus response
Gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender
Gay parenting
Elderly to share in the tax burden vs. government support of elderly
Future of social security
Job discrimination
Child rearing
Employment issues
Generational differences
Community and police safety vs. unrestricted right to bear arms
NRA (National Rifle Association)
2nd Amendment
Do states that allow citizens to carry guns have higher or lower crime rates?
Community safety vs. freedom of Speech
Punishment inequities
Persecution of alternative lifestyles
Church Arson: Hate crime?
Prevention of hazing
Greek organizations and rituals of hazing
Statistics of death or injury due to Hazing
High Schools and Hazing
What happened during the Salem witch trials?
How did trains and railroads change life in America?
What may have occurred during the Roswell UFO incident of 1947?
What Olympic events were practiced in ancient Greece?
How did Cleopatra come to power in Egypt? What did she accomplish during her reign?
What are the origins of the conflict in Darfur?
What was the women’s suffrage movement and how did it change America?
How was the assassination of Abraham Lincoln plotted and executed?
How did Cold War tension affect the US and the world?
What happened to the lost settlers at Roanoke?
How did Julius Caesar affect Rome?
How did the Freedom Riders change society?
What was the code of the Bushido and how did it affect samurai warriors?
How did Joan of Arc change history?
What dangers and hardships did Lewis and Clark face when exploring the Midwest?
How are the Great Depression and the Great Recession similar and different?
What was the Manhattan Project and what impact did it have on the world?
Why did Marin Luther protest against the Catholic Church?
How did the Roman Empire fall?
How did the black plague affect Europe?
How did Genghis Khan conquer Persia?
How did journalists influence US war efforts in Vietnam?
Who is Vlad the Impaler and what is his connection to Count Dracula?
Who was a greater inventor, Leonardo di Vinci or Thomas Edison?
What was the role of African Americans during the Revolutionary War?
What was Britain’s view of India during British rule?
What were the factors in the China-Tibet conflict?
Research and analyze the emergence of the Catholic Church as a political force following the collapse of the Roman Empire.
Investigate Dr. Eileen Powers’ claim that the Roman Empire was lost primarily due to an inability to perceive itself as subject to the change inevitable to all governments, or her “force of nature” theory.
Explore and discuss the actual cooperation occurring through the centuries of Barbarian conquest of Rome.
Examine the differences and similarities between Western and Eastern concepts and practices of kingship.
Investigate and explain the trajectory of ALEXANDER THE GREAT’s empire, with minimal emphasis on personal leadership.
To what extent did commerce first link Eastern and Western cultures, and how did this influence early international relations?
Research and analyze how Japan moved from a feudalistic to a modern state, and how geographic isolation played a role in the process.
Analyze the process and effects of Romanization on the Celtic people of ancient England: benefits, conflicts, influences.
Overview of British dominance of Ireland, Wales, and Scotland! How was this justified in each case, and what motivated the attempts over centuries of rebellion and failure?
Investigate the known consequences of Guttenberg’s printing press within the first 30 years of its invention, and only in regard to the interaction between European nations.
Identify and analyze the point at which the Reformation became fused with European politics and nationalist agendas.
To what extent did Henry VIII promote the Reformation, despite his vigorous persecution of heretics in England?
Trace and discuss the uses of papal power as a military and political device in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Research the city/state of Florence from the 13th to the 16th centuries, discussing how and why it evolved as so fiercely republican.
Compare and contrast the Russian Czarism of Peter, Elizabeth, and Catherine with the monarchies of England and France in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Investigate the enormous significance of Catholic Orthodoxy as the dominant faith in Russia, and its meaning and influence in an empire populated by a minimal aristocracy and predominant serfdom.
To what extent did Philip II’s religious convictions shape European policy and conflict in the 16th century?
Trace the path leading to the convocation of the Estates in France in the late 18th century, leading to the Revolution. Assess political and social errors responsible.
What eventually ended serfdom in Russia, and why were numerous attempts to end it by the Czars in power consistently unsuccessful?
Research and report on how England was transformed in the 19th century by the industrial revolution and the advent of the railroad.
Compare and contrast the consequences of the industrial revolutions in England and America in terms of urbanization.
What were the circumstances leading to World War I, and how might the war have been averted?
Assess the Cold War of the 20th century in an historical context: can any parallels be made between this conflict and other ongoing tensions between major powers in earlier centuries?
Analyze Roosevelt’s decisions in implementing the New Deal, beginning with the closing of the banks. Suggest alternative strategies, or reinforce the rationale of the actions.
What architectural marvels were found in Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire?
What was the cultural significance of the first moon landing?
Food programs
Welfare reform
Governmental supplementation
Homeless: urban restrictions vs. needs of the destitute
Workable solutions?
Realistic limits vs. openness toward people in need
English as official language vs. respect for diversity
Should illegal immigrants be made legal citizens?
Access to public school and public programs for Illegal Aliens
Policing borders–workable solutions?
Employment and/or taxation for Illegal Aliens
International trade
Democratization
“Shock and awe”
U.S. occupation vs. liberation
Iraqi run vs. U.S. puppet state
Oil and Gas prices-Control of resources
Effective self-government
War on Terrorism
Is America winning or losing the War? What is the measurement of success? Have the benefits outweighed the costs?
Parental leave for both parents
FMLA (Family Medical Leave Act)
Bonding time
Preemptive strike policy
Precision weapons
Intelligence reliability
Afghanistan – a success or stalemate
Should the U.S. have mandatory military conscriptions? For whom?
Governmental support
Preparedness
School emergency plans
Community warning systems
Damage costs
U.S. presidential elections should be decided by the popular vote, rather than the Electoral College.
The minimum wage should be increased to provide a “livable” wage for working families.
There should be stiffer penalties for those who commit animal cruelty.
School vouchers increase competition and create better quality schools.
The corporate tax rate should be lowered to create more jobs.
Social Security should be privatized.
Human torture should be banned in all circumstances.
Affirmative action is still needed to ensure racial and gender equality.
The U.S. dollar should go back on the gold standard.
Euthanasia and assisted suicide should be outlawed.
Police brutality vs. dangers that police face
Racially motivated brutality?
Politician’s right to privacy vs. the public’s right to know
Amount of money going into presidential campaigns
Views on abortion, gay marriage, and other controversial topics
Political debates throughout history
Third-party candidates at presidential debates
Rights of religious citizens vs. freedom from imposition (e.g. prayer in schools)
Religious motivation for political involvement vs. cultural pluralism
Christian Right’s influence on foreign policy
How serious? Causes? Workable solutions?
Funding abortion as a form of birth control in third world countries?
What would happen globally if the demand for natural resources is greater than the supply?
Limitation of social deterioration vs. freedom of speech
Definition of Pornography
Child Pornography
Building prisons vs. alternative sentencing
Adjusted sentencing for lesser crimes
Community service
Diversion Programs for inmates
How does the prison population in America compare to other nations?
Prostitution laws in the US and abroad
Benefits and drawbacks to legalizing prostitution
Psychological effect on prostitutes and former prostitutes
Sex slavery, buying and selling
Should the government be allowed to wire tap without permission?
What limitations, if any, should be applied to the paparazzi?
What medical information should be confidential? Who, if anybody, should have access to medical records?
Does the public have a right to know about a public figure’s private life?
Privacy rights
Do harsher punishments mean fewer convictions?
Date rape: consent vs. exploitation
Drugs-Rohypnol, GHB, KETAMINE
Legalization of Date Rape Drugs
Recently, a 17-year-old boy was sentenced to 10 years in prison for having consensual oral sex with a 15-year-old girl. Are statutory rape laws patronizing to girls and discriminatory to boys?
Acquaintance rape
Is there one true religion?
Freedom of religion
Offer distinct reasons why the Bible should be studied as literature, removed from religious significance.
From Hollywood to the White House: the political rise of Ronald Reagan.
The Great Communicator: how Reagan captured the hearts of Americans.
1981 assassination attempt: bullet wound leaves Reagan inches away from death.
Reagan appoints the first female Supreme Court justice.
The PATCO breakup and decline of the labor unions.
Tax cuts and “Reaganomics.”
The “Iran-Contra” scandal.
Reagan, Gorbachev, and the end of the Cold War.
The final act: Reagan’s Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and long goodbye.
How has airport security intensified since September 11th, 2001?
Identity theft
Homeland Security: Are we safer since the creation of this department?
Should the government use invasive pat-downs and body scans to ensure passenger safety or are there better methods?
Is arming Pilots a good idea?
What responsibilities do secret service agents have?
Student loan scams
How to avoid student loan debt
Managing student loan debt
Driverless cars and the future of transportation.
Breaking the glass ceiling: the impact of the women’s rights movement.
How seniors contribute to societal well-being.
How disabled individuals are viewed by society.
The modern-day civil rights movement.
Has technology made us more detached from society?
The role of religion in society.
In today’s society, are we better off or worse off than previous generations?
Popular music and its impact on the culture.
Class and geographical segregation.
The differences between life in the city, suburbs, and/or rural areas.
Should parents be able to create designer babies?
Should microchips be implanted inside humans for better tracking and security?
Will smart watches eventually replace cell phones?
The pros and cons of being a global citizen.
Progressive vs. flat tax
Excessive taxes vs. worthwhile programs
Is text messaging contributing to teen illiteracy?
How eating disorders impact teens.
Tablets vs. textbooks.
Do standardized tests improve teen education?
Are violent video games contributing to juvenile delinquency?
Is English literature relevant for today’s teens?
Should the HPV vaccine be required for teen girls?
Do teachers inflate grades so students can pass?
Should advertisers be allowed to target teens?
How to encourage teens to stop smoking.
The causes and effects of teen alcohol and drug abuse.
How to prevent teen pregnancy.
Osama Bin Laden
World Trade Center and Pentagon bombings
September 11, 2001
War on terrorism
Afghanistan
Bioterrorism
Al Qaida: Has U.S. policy actually spread terrorism rather than contained it? Will it get better or worse? Why and how?
Can terrorism ever be justified?
What kind of person becomes a suicide bomber?
What were the circumstances surrounding the death of Osama Bin Laden?
Has the Patriot Act prevented or stopped terrorist acts in America?
How is text messaging affecting teen literacy?
Cell Phones: How have they changed us socially?
Does the Information Age mean we are losing important historical information?
Where did hip-hop music originate?
A day in the life of a Buddhist monk.
How does the brain store and retrieve memories?
What life is like inside an ant colony.
The case for and against the existence of UFOs.
Can virtual reality adequately substitute for actual reality?
Are dreams hidden messages or just hot air?
Why do people collect the most ridiculous things?
When is it time to get out of an abusive relationship?
The art of pretending to care.
Public attitudes toward veterans
Health issues caused by service time
Organizations for veterans
Governmental support for veterans
What programs are available to help war veterans get back into society?
Iraq War Vets: Are they being cheated on medical benefits?
Is there a glass ceiling?
Obstacles to women running for political office?
Should women be priests, pastors, ministers, and rabbis?
What differences, if any, are there in children who are raised by stay-at-home moms and working moms? Does society today still discriminate against working mothers who wish to have flexible work schedules?
Should stay-at-home moms get a salary from the government?
Why do we sleep?
How do GPS systems work?
Who was the first person to reach the North Pole?
Did anybody ever escape Alcatraz?
What was life like for a gladiator?
Are there any effective means of repelling insects?
How is bulletproof clothing made?
How was the skateboard invented and how has it changed over the years?
What is life like inside of a beehive?
Where did hip hop originate and who were its founders?
What makes the platypus a unique and interesting mammal?
What is daily life like for a Buddhist monk?
How did gunpowder change warfare?
How were cats and dogs domesticated and for what purposes?
What do historians know about ninjas?
Are humans still evolving?
What is the curse of the pharaohs?
Why was Socrates executed?
How did ancient sailors navigate the globe?
How are black holes formed?
How do submarines work?
Do lie detector tests accurately determine truthful statements?
How does a hybrid car save energy?
What ingredients can be found in a hotdog?
How does a shark hunt?
How does the human brain store and retrieve memories?
How does stealth technology shield aircraft from radar?
What causes tornados?
How does night vision work?
What causes desert mirages, and how do they affect wanderers?
What are sinkholes, and how are they formed?
What are the major theories explaining the disappearance of the dinosaurs?
Should we reform laws to make it harder to get a divorce?
Divorce rates
Family relationships
Family values
Race relations
Marriage and Divorce
A view of home life and its effect on child development
How 4 generations in the workplace can work together.
Building positive employee relationships
Modern work environments
Business leadership
Workforce regulations
Small business and taxation
Corporate law
Issues in modern Human Resources: Are today’s corporations patronizing employees or being more responsible for them?
Cultural conflict in globalization: Strategies for successfully establishing a presence in a foreign culture
Corporate abuse: How can executives so successfully manipulate corporations criminally?
Identifying stakeholders in non-public companies: is the corporate responsibility the same as for public offerings?
Devise a new model of leadership for business today, incorporating elements of existing leadership models and theories.
Examine the actual impact of social media as a business promotion instrument.
Devise a scenario in which traditionally unethical business practices may be justified.
Should newspaper reporters be required to reveal their sources?
Do the media (both print and broadcast) report fairly? Do they ever cross the line between reporting the news and creating the news?
Does news coverage favor whites?
What steps are involved in creating a movie or television show?
How have the film and music industries dealt with piracy?
Media conglomerates/ownership
Minorities in mass media
Portrayal of women
Reality television
Television violence
Media portrayals
Sensationalized media
Examine the issues of responsibility in pharmaceutical companies’ promotion of drugs in the media.
Forensic science technology
What are the current capabilities and future goals of genetic engineers?
What obstacles faced scientists in breaking the sound barrier?
What is alchemy and how has it been attempted?
What technologies are available to home owners to help them conserve energy?
Nuclear energy
Clean energy resources
Wind energy: Is wind energy really that inexpensive? Is it effective? Is it practical?
What are the dangers and hazards of using nuclear power?
Investigate Freud’s contributions to psychology as they exist today: what value remains?
Are there gender foundations to psychology and behavior that are removed from cultural considerations? To what extent does gender actually dictate thought process?
To what extent is sexual orientation dictated by culture, and is there an orientation not subject to social and cultural influences?
Investigate the psychological process in group dynamics with regard to the emergence of leaders and the compliance of others.
Compare and contrast Jung, Freud, and Adler: explore distinctions and commonalities.
What is “normal,” and to what extent is psychology reliant on culture to define this?
Research and assess the effectiveness of radical psychotherapies and unconventional treatments.
Research the concept of human will as both a component of individual psychology and a process or element removed from it.
To what extent is self-image influenced by culture in regard to eating disorders? Are external factors entirely to blame?
How do centuries-old beliefs of madness and dementia relate to modern conceptions of mental illness?
Is psychology itself inevitably a non-science in that virtually any theory may be substantiated, or is there a foundation of science to the subject to which all theorists must conform?
Examine Euripides and gender psychology: what do the Trojan Women and Medea reveal?
Using three characters, explore Chaucer’s insight into human behavior in The Canterbury Tales.
Identify the true relationship between Dante and Virgil in The Divine Comedy, emphasizing Dante’s reliance on the poet.
Research and discuss the English fascination for euphemism and ornate narratives in the 16th century, beginning with John Lyly.
Examine any existing controversies regarding Shakespearean authorship, citing arguments on both sides.
Analyze similarities and differences between Marlowe and Shakespeare in regard to Tamburlaine and Titus Andronicus.
Defend or support Bloom’s assertion of Shakespeare as the “inventor of the human being.”
To what degree are Shakespeare’s plays influenced by, or reflective, of the Elizabethan era? Identify specific cultural and national events linked to at least 3 plays.
Analyze the unusual construction of A Winter’s Tale in regard to transition from comedy to drama. Is this valid? Does the transition benefit or harm the play?
Support the belief that Shakespeare is representing himself as Prospero through evidence, or similarly refute the belief.
Why was extreme violence so popular in English Reformation drama? Cite Marlowe, Kyd, Webster, and Shakespeare.
Analyze the metaphysical in Donne’s poetry: is it spiritual, existential, or both?
What is Shelley seeking to say in Frankenstein? Support your answer with passages from the novel.
Compare and contrast Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina with Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, noting the characters of the heroines.
It is argued that Dickens failed when he turned to serious, romantic narrative in his novels. Using Copperfield, Great Expectations, and Dombey and Son, defend or refute this claim.
Assess Dickens’ stance as a moralist in Bleak House and Hard Times: to what extent does he seek reform, and to what does he comment on the human condition?
Was the Harry Potter phenomenon warranted by quality of storytelling or more a matter of public receptivity at the time combined with media exposure?

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20 thoughts on “717 Good Research Paper Topics”

How has music evolved? How has music effected history? Music of the past vs music of the present. How has the music industry effected the music’s quality?

Do you think abortion is legal? Why they do abortion?

Why are people instinctively afraid of animals that are not mammals?

Should abortion be legalized? Should domestic abuse and child abuse victims be granted clemency for killing their abuser?

Jewish holocaust and its contribution to European History, specifically Germany

What is the most popular college in the United States?

The Black Knight: Space Waste or Alien Satellite? The Moon Landing: Real or Hollywood Hoax? Have We Become Too Politically Correct? Paranormal Research: Real? Fake? Should it be offered in college? Who really was Jack the Ripper? Can a zombie apocalypse truly occur? Who is the best or worst president of the USA? The Men in Black: real or hoax?

Why Marching Band is a sport.

Marching band is not a sport

how did aids start?

Topic : Alternative medicine Research question : Does the alternative medicine is safe and standardized Hypothesis : analyse the quality controle of alternative medicine formulations

Does our nostalgic music/childhood songs affect our present lifestyle, and in what ways?

reverse discriminations is still discrimination so there’s no such thing as that. like reverse racism isn’t a thing because that is still racism

Men on birth control and not women.

You forget the topic Islamophobia 😉

You should add a music section. Is Muzio Clementi overshadowed by Mozart? The Toccata and Fugue in D- really wasn’t written by Bach The use of the “Dies Irae” in cinema Why is modern music so repetitive and simple compared to classical music?

I want to do a research project on Education

I want to research but not get a perfect topic help me give me a best topic about current affairs

Topic: History. Are the Crusades oversimplified? where they justified? If so, how? Topic: Current affairs. Is the term “conspiracy theory” used to discredit any non-mainstream, controversial opinions. Topic: Gun control. Does limiting magazine capacity for firearms have any effect on gun crime? Are high-capacity magazines ever necessary for self-defense? Topic: Economics. Are minimum wage laws necessary to guarantee “decent”, or do the laws of supply and demand automatically ensure that?

Are women funny?

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Reach out to us for sponsorship opportunities

Vivamus integer non suscipit taciti mus etiam at primis tempor sagittis euismod libero facilisi.

How to Write a Term Paper 101: A Tutorial to Takeover

As the end of the semester draws closer, many students are losing their sleep over the thought of writing a term paper. But you’re worrying pointlessly because PaperPerk has brought expert help to your doorstep!

Our comprehensive guide on how to write a term paper is sure to help you with every step. So read this article thoroughly because we cover everything from definition to steps on composition and templates with examples.

Table of Contents

What Is a Term Paper?

A term paper is a written project required at the end of a semester. It is designed to evaluate a student’s knowledge and understanding of a particular subject. Typically, it takes the form of a discussion or analysis of an assigned topic.

But it can also resemble a scientific report, reflective essay , or even a research paper. As an essential component of a student’s academic journey, a term paper is characterized by its in-depth exploration of a specific subject matter.

Key Characteristics

One of the key features of a term paper is that it requires a significant amount of research , as it aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. This research-intensive nature of the term paper sets it apart from other academic assignments.

Additionally, term papers demand technical writing skills, as they need to be well-organized, structured, and adhere to specific formatting requirements. A high-quality term paper should be well-written, thoroughly researched, and analytical.

It should demonstrate critical thinking and provide valuable insights into the subject matter. With an Impactful term paper, a student showcases their ability to synthesize and analyze information, ultimately contributing to their overall academic success.

How to Write a Term Paper: A Comprehensive Guide

The biggest step in learning how to write a term paper is to understand the importance of creating a term paper outline. This research paper outline is the beacon that will guide through your writing process. The following part of this post contains steps on composing an outline and its component.

How to Write a Term Paper: Outlining a Term Paper

Below are the essential components of an outline. Once you gather your information, you’ll incorporate it within these compartments to avoid creating a chaotic cluster of random data.

Introduction

Let’s look at these a bit more closely and understand how to use these elements in the best way.

Also known as the title page , the cover page of a term paper is the first impression of the paper. It provides all the necessary information about the paper along with a neat and professional look. It should include the following information:

Title of the paper
Course name and code
Instructor’s name
Date of submission

Steps to compose a cover page:

Centrally align the title of your paper in the middle of the page.
Add your name, course name, and number below the title.
Include your instructor’s name and the date of submission at the bottom.

You might be required to add more than these common elements if your professor asks you to. Many students additionally write the name of the university, department or other relevant details.

The abstract is a brief summary of your term paper, usually between 150-250 words. It should highlight the main points, including the research question, methods, results, and conclusions.

Using an abstract optimally allows readers to quickly grasp the main points and significance of your term paper. The abstract is usually placed at the beginning of the paper, right after the cover page.

Steps to compose an abstract:

Write a concise summary of your paper’s purpose and research question.
Briefly describe the methods used in your research.
Summarize the main findings or results.
Conclude with a brief statement of your paper’s implications or significance.

Ensure that all the information you incorporate within your abstract accurately reflects the content and findings within your paper. Double-check that there is consistency between the abstract and the main body of the paper in terms of the research objectives, methodology, and conclusions.

The introduction sets the stage for your term paper. It provides background information, states the research question, depicts the purpose of the study and explains the paper’s significance.

Steps to compose an introduction:

Begin with a hook to capture the reader’s attention.
Provide background information on your topic.
Clearly state your research question.
Explain the significance of your research and its contribution to the field.

The body of your term paper is where you present your arguments , evidence, and analysis. It should be organized into sections or subheadings, each focusing on a specific aspect of your research.

Steps to compose the body:

Organize your content into logical sections or subheadings.
Present your arguments and support them with evidence from your research.
Analyze the evidence and explain its relevance to your research question.
Use appropriate citations to acknowledge the sources of your information.

The results section presents the outcomes and the findings of your research study. It should be clear, concise, and focused on the data collected during your study.

Steps to compose the results section:

Summarize the data collected during your research.
Use tables, charts, or graphs to visually represent your findings.
Describe any patterns, trends, or relationships observed in the data.
Ensure that your results are relevant to your research question.
Avoid repetition of any information.

The discussion section interprets the results of your term paper and explains their implications. It should also address any limitations of your research and suggest areas for future study.

Steps to compose the discussion section:

Interpret your results and explain their significance.
Discuss any limitations or weaknesses in your research.
Compare your findings to previous studies and explain any differences.
Suggest areas for future research based on your findings.

The conclusion brings your term paper to a close by summarizing the main points. This final section of your paper also restates the significance of your research.

Steps to compose a conclusion:

Restate your research question and summarize the main points of your paper.
Emphasize the significance of your research and its contribution to the field.
Offer recommendations or suggestions for future research.
End with a strong closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

By following this comprehensive guide, you can write a well-structured and impactful term paper that demonstrates your understanding of the subject and contributes valuable insights to the field.

How to Write a Term Paper Proposal: A Tutorial

A term paper proposal serves as a blueprint for your research. It helps in organizing your thoughts and ideas. Lets focus on the essential features of a term paper proposal and understand steps on how to compose each part.

Essential Features of a Term Paper Proposal

Relevance and importance.

The title of your term paper proposal should attract your readers and provide them with a clear idea of your work. It should be clear, concise, and accurately reflect the subject of your research.

Steps to compose a title:

Identify the main topic or theme of your research.
Choose relevant keywords that represent the key concepts of your research.
Combine these keywords to create a clear and informative title.
Ensure that your title is not too long or overly complex.
Consider your audience’s ability to understand your title.

The objectives section outlines the specific goals of your research. These goals should be clear, measurable, and achievable within the scope of your term paper.

Steps to compose objectives:

Begin by stating the general purpose of your research.
Break down this purpose into specific, measurable objectives.
Ensure that your objectives are achievable within the timeframe and resources available for your term paper.
Keep your objectives focused and relevant to your research question.

The relevance and importance section demonstrates the significance of your research within the context of your field of study. It should explain why your research is necessary and how it contributes to the existing body of knowledge.

Steps to compose the relevance and importance section:

Explain the context of your research by providing background information on the topic.
Identify gaps or limitations in the existing literature that your research aims to address.
Explain how your research contributes to the field by offering new insights or perspectives.
Emphasize the potential impact of your research on the broader academic community or society as a whole.

Putting It All Together: Writing a Term Paper Proposal

Now that you clearly understand the essential features of a term paper proposal , it’s time to put it all together. Follow these steps to create a well-structured and compelling proposal:

Begin by writing a clear and concise title that accurately reflects the subject of your research.
Compose a brief introduction that overviews your research topic and its significance. This introduction should also include a clear statement of your research question.
Outline the specific objectives of your research, ensuring that they are clear, measurable, and achievable within the scope of your term paper.
Explain the relevance and importance of your research by demonstrating its significance within your field of study. Highlight the gaps or limitations in the existing literature that your research aims to address.
Provide a brief overview of your research methodology, including the methods you plan to use for data collection and analysis.
Include a tentative timeline for your research, outlining the milestones and deadlines for each project stage.
Conclude your proposal with a summary of the main points and a restatement of the significance of your research.

By following these comprehensive steps, you can create a well-structured and persuasive term paper proposal that demonstrates the importance of your research and sets the stage for a successful term paper.

How to Write a Term Paper: Formatting

A term paper format refers to the set of rules and standards that dictate the structure and presentation of a term paper. Formatting is essential to learn how to write a term paper as it ensures consistency, enhances readability, and maintains a professional appearance.

A proper structure allows readers to concentrate on the content rather than the presentation. Several formatting styles are used in term papers, with the American Psychological Association (APA) style and the Modern Language Association (MLA) style being the most common.

Using APA Style in a Term Paper:

Choose a standard font, such as 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, or 12-point Times New Roman.
Apply double-spacing throughout the paper, including the abstract, main text, quotes, tables, figures, and references.
Create a title page containing the paper’s title, author’s name, affiliated institution, and a running head.
Organize the content using headings that adhere to APA guidelines for different heading levels.
Incorporate the author-date citation method for in-text citations and format the reference list according to APA guidelines.

Using MLA Style in a Term Paper:

Opt for a standard font, such as 12-point Times New Roman.
Double-space the entire paper, including the main text, quotes, and the Works Cited page.
Include a header with the last name of the author and page number on the top right corner of all pages.
Use parenthetical citations within the text and format according to MLA guidelines .
Follow MLA guidelines for formatting headings and subheadings, if applicable.

Adhering to the appropriate style guide when formatting term papers is crucial for maintaining academic integrity and ensuring that your work is easily comprehended and properly cited.

Choosing the Perfect Term Paper Topics

Writing a term paper can be a daunting task, but choosing the right term paper topics can make all the difference. In this part, we will provide you with some useful tips and tricks to make the process as smooth as possible.

The Starting Point

In most cases, students are assigned term papers by their professors. These topics are related to course outline to assess pupil’s understanding of the course material. As well as their ability to think critically and conduct research on a specific subject.

Other times, teachers provide students a chance to choose a topic of their liking. But before you go on and pick a topic for your term paper, put the following concerns at the forefront.

The course objective
Your own interest.

The Course Objective

Your term paper is essentially assigned to assess your command on the subject. Prioritize your course outline or objective before picking your research paper topics . This will ensure that your paper is relevant and reflects what you have learnt so far about the subject.

Your Interests

Your personal interests play a significant role in the success of your term paper. When you choose a topic that genuinely interests you, you are more likely to engage in writing a research paper . This enthusiasm will not only make the writing process more enjoyable but also result in a higher quality term paper.

Before picking a specific topic, make sure to conduct thorough research and align your personal liking to your course objective. The following tips on how to pick the perfect term paper topic will assist you in acing your grade.

Tips for Choosing the Perfect Term Paper Topic

While picking a topic for yourself, be mindful of certain things:

Adjusting Topic Length

Consider if the topic would adjust your required length for a term paper. Suppose you’re to write a 10-page research paper , what kind of topic would adjust within those 10 pages? Registering the narrowness or broadness of the topic can help.

Authentic Resources

The second thing you need to consider is the resources of your information. Check if the source you’re working with is authentic. Reliable sources for a research paper include academic journals, books, think tanks, and reputable websites.

Complexity of the Subject

To ensure the clarity of your topic, consider its complexity. It is important that the chosen subject can be effectively presented to your audience. Additionally, ensure that you have a solid understanding of the subject matter yourself.

By considering the length, resources, and complexity of your chosen topic, you can ensure that your term paper is engaging, informative, and well-researched. So, take the time to select the perfect topic and get ready to ace your term paper!

How to Write a Term Paper: A Template With Example

This template also contains examples that are highlighted in a different color.

Title Page

Abstract .

Remember to never exceed the abstract more than 250 words.

1.1 Background

1.2 problem statement, 1.3 objectives, 2. literature review, 3. methodology, 5. discussion, 6. conclusion, 7. references.

The references section uses the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).

8. Appendices

If necessary, this section includes additional material such as raw data, survey questionnaires, interview transcripts, or any other supplementary information that supports the research.

This guide on how to write a term paper must have been helpful to you. But we understand that wrapping your head around something so detailed can be difficult when you’re stressed out. And most students are stressed out by the end of the semester due to multiple deadlines. That’s why we have brought you our term paper writing service so you can relax and focus more on your upcoming exams. Our experts are dedicated to helping students excel academically with quality content and on-time submission. Check us out today and bid goodbye to academic worries!

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How to Write a Term Paper

How to Write a Term Paper - Getting to the Basics

A term paper is generally structured with an opening introduction, followed by several body paragraphs, and culminates with a conclusion. It articulates a central thesis statement, bolstered by corroborative evidence and critical analysis. The writing is formal in nature, adheres to a designated formatting style like APA or MLA, and is complemented by accurate citations and a comprehensive bibliography.

Writing a term paper is a structured process that demands careful planning and execution. Here’s a step-by-step approach to guide you:

Understand the Assignment : Ensure you grasp the requirements, the topic's scope, and the deadline.
Choose a Topic : Select a topic that is interesting to you and meets the assignment's criteria. It should be narrow enough to explore fully within the paper's constraints.
Conduct Preliminary Research : Gather background information to further refine your topic, develop a thesis, and create a research question.
Develop a Thesis Statement : This is the central argument or claim of your paper. It should be clear, concise, and arguable.
Create an Outline : Organize your main points and supporting details into an outline. This will serve as a roadmap for your term paper.
Conduct Detailed Research : Use credible sources to collect evidence and information that support your thesis. Take careful notes and keep track of your sources for citations.
Write the Introduction : Start with a hook to grab the reader's interest, provide background information, and present your thesis statement.
Write the Body : Each paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis. Use evidence and analysis to back up each point.
Write the Conclusion : Summarize your main points and restate the thesis in the context of the evidence you provided. Discuss the implications of your findings or future directions for research.
Revise and Edit : Look for any gaps in logic or content, check for clarity and flow, and ensure each part of the paper supports your thesis. Edit for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
Format Your Paper : Follow the required citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) for your discipline, and ensure your paper adheres to all formatting guidelines.
Final Review : Give your paper a final read-through, checking for coherence, structure, and formatting.
Submit : Turn in your paper by the deadline, and ensure you have a copy saved for your records.

You always hear the word “term paper,” and in the most basic sense, it is the paper that sums up everything you have learned in a term or semester. Think of it as the ‘gate pass’ for a checkpoint in a game: you need to secure one by finishing one important challenge.

As every game requires, that particular challenge is not similar to other challenges you have encountered. Thus, you must conserve every remaining energy and time to prepare for the challenge.

Going back to our topic, term papers require your knowledge, effort, and time. You can only produce a faultless and astounding term paper once you have mastered the fundamental things you will continuously see in every paper you will be crafting in the coming semesters.

Research-Based

In a term paper, you may not want to ditch your personal experiences or observations when integrating what you have learned in a single term or semester. Most of the time, integrating salient findings and concepts from literature and other scholarly sources may be required depending on the type of paper you are asked to write.

A topic, especially if it is purely theoretical or academic, may warrant you to do a literature review and background research. Fret not, though, as this blog will guide you through making your term paper a work of research.

Since a term paper is research-based, it is almost always impossible not to involve critical thinking and analysis on a certain topic. After all, the best way to discuss a topic, especially if it is complex, is to break it down into pieces. Once disassembled, you can evaluate the evidence, examine its validity, and draw reasoned conclusions based on your findings.

Thesis Statement

You might be able to equate a term paper to an essay. They seem to get along, especially with the structure and purpose of writing. However, you can never go wrong with formulating a good thesis statement for your term paper.

As it is more similar to a research paper, a term paper can be quite long, so having a good thesis statement reinstates the main argument or purpose of your writing. It guides the entire direction of your paper and helps your reader grasp its focus– no matter how long and winding his or her experience will be.

Logical Flow

We may love a fun, creative, and often chaotic way of writing, especially when reading a narrative essay as a coursework assignment. Sorry to burst your bubbles, but a term paper may not follow the same route.

As a standard term paper is full of concepts, terms, arguments, and ideas, it deserves great attention to logic and organization. This means that each section of the paper must build up from the previous one, and transitions between paragraphs and sections should observe smoothness and coherence.

What is a Term Paper In Terms of Its Various Types and Forms

Writing a term paper entails preparation. You can only wish that you have a ton of brain cells and resources to help you finalize your paper that is good for submission– and a stellar score.

However, preparation is only one thing in the long-lasting process of term paper writing.

The term paper structure will still depend on the scope of analysis, as well as the categories of the term paper. Yes, you saw it correctly: types or categories of term papers may have different structures or, in most cases, purposes.

This part of your journey in term paper writing will acquaint you with different types of term papers according to purpose and structure.

Analytical Paper

From the word itself, an analytical paper requires you to break down a concept, theory, or phenomenon into several parts. These parts may come in the form of elements, experiences, principles, and many other related components.

An analytical paper aims to examine these parts critically and evaluate them accordingly. Analytical papers are often found in social sciences and humanities, and they are mostly requested for a term paper writing service .

Possible topics that resemble your future topic under the mentioned fields are critiquing a philosophical theory or analyzing globalization's impact on a specific country's pop culture.

Argumentative Paper

What is a term paper without presenting a stance? In an argumentative term paper, your professor might give you a debatable or controversial topic that requires your critical thinking and persuasive skills to be utilized.

In this type of term paper, you must integrate a literature review and empirical evidence to support your stance and counter several opposing views. Argumentations are often found in several branches of the social sciences, such as law, ethics, and literature.

You may stumble upon topics like augmenting a controversial public policy or defending a particular interpretation of a literary piece.

Descriptive Paper

Fulfilling this type of term paper entails more than injecting fancy adjectives, imageries, and vivid narrations. When dealing with descriptive term papers, you must provide a detailed overview of a particular topic, event, phenomenon, or concept.

If you ask me how to format a term paper of this kind, the descriptive language used must be realistic and accurate, not just merely ornamental. This orientation would provide a seamless and truthful picture for the reader of your paper.

Although your term paper may be descriptive, objectivity should not be taken away. Descriptive term papers are mostly required in the natural sciences, such as physics, chemistry, Earth science, and biology. A perfect example is the description of the geological features of a national park.

Comparative Papers

True to its name, this type of term paper compares and contrasts two or more theories, subjects, schools of thought, and approaches.

Upon taking the two major steps, you will need to analyze the similarities and differences between the elements, and you may formulate conclusions regarding their significance or implications. Comparative term papers are commonly seen in economics, political science, literature, sociology, and history.

A prime example might be comparing two distinct economic systems or analyzing the similarities and differences between political theories, such as Republicanism and Democracy.

Expository Papers

How to start a term paper of this type? We just have to take a hint at its name: it ‘exposes’ a piece of information. Elaborating on this, term papers adhering to this type explain or inform the prospective audience about a specific topic, concept, process, or phenomenon.

Since we are dealing with information, it has to be ensured that the latter must be accurate, truthful, and sufficient. Writing expository papers may also entail a handful of related writing tasks, such as defining key terms and organizing information according to related themes.

The fields that most likely require expository term papers are education, communication arts, journalism, and several liberal arts areas.

Grasping each type of term paper above may be quite a handful. Apart from preparing a term paper, you are confronted with a big challenge to choose a type or, in some cases, integrate one type into another.

Regardless of your writing decisions, you are always in for a treat: your term paper proposal will not be a failure if you are more than familiar with your purpose of writing one.

In addition, writing services like Studyfy let you access term paper help like no other. From your term paper outline to the final touches, an array of professional writers are present to provide personalized writing services for negotiable pricing.

What’s The Proper Term Paper Format? From the Ground Up

I am fully aware that you have been wired up with all the information you need to know about term papers, but do not falter yet, as we are just in the most needed part of this blog: formatting your term paper.

Writing a term paper will not be as polished and organized if you do not prepare your format ahead of your writing preparations. So, from conceptualizing your title to proofreading your paper, our tips and tricks will propel you to the towering heights of marks you have always aimed for.

Start Strong with Your Title Page

A well-established term paper will not be realized without a strong facade through a title page. Many students are seen as not focusing on this part of the paper, thinking that it does not hold as much importance as other parts, but if you are thinking the same, you need to change your mind.

Some instructors and professors look at the title page to check if you adhere to the formatting guidelines. If you are less likely to notice such inconsistencies, your professor might think you are not keen enough to eye important details in the rest of your paper.

Pro-Tip: As early as creating your title page, be sure to follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your professor or academic institution, such as font size, spacing, and margin specifications.

Abstract– Concise Yet Complete

An abstract is likewise an important component of a term paper, just as in a research paper. It encapsulates the crucial pieces of information that the reader must know. It includes the background of the paper, methods, results, and implications of the findings.

While the abstract may require a specific word count that differs from one academic institution to another, it is generally preferred to keep everything short yet complete. Remember: the term paper itself will likely become wordy and extensive, so let us spare space for urgency on the paper’s abstract.

Pro-Tip : Keep everything concise and elaborate on the findings more than the background. The usual word count for an abstract is 150-200 words.

Term Paper’s Background: Where the Thesis Statement is Cleared Its Way

Term paper writing will get as fired up at this point since this part introduces the rationale or context of the paper, asking the question, “What is the topic all about?” In presenting the background, the introduction of the paper's main argument is given– the thesis statement.

This crucial part of the paper is often written as a declarative sentence or a question. To make everything clear and articulated, the paper’s background must provide an extensive exploration of the topic that could lead to formulating the thesis statement. There should be a profound connection between the rationale of the paper and its main purpose.

Pro-Tip : Term papers are more flexible than research papers and journal articles in terms of structuring their introduction. You may hook the reader's attention by putting an engaging opening sentence or anecdote.

Arranging Lit Review: To Each Its Own

Regardless of whether the literature review section of a term paper is separated or integrated into the introduction, this part must provide an extensive overview of existing research and scholarship relevant to the topic.

While one can put empirical and observational studies into the review, it is important to put a premium on reputable articles and research reports that are peer-reviewed and published in indexed journals. When no single guideline talks about a window period for acceptable literature, you may set one for yourself as a guide.

Pro-Tip: Arrange the literature review thematically, chronologically, or topically, depending on the ways that you desire to highlight some aspects of your term paper.

To an Extensive Results and Discussion Section

Term papers will not be complete without the discussion section. This part seals the deal and is an important piece of a complex puzzle. It interprets the results in conjunction with the questions at hand and assesses their value by comparing them with previous studies according to their agreement or disagreement.

Pro-Tip: When sourcing previous studies as points of reference for the results, always strive to find ones that both agree or disagree with them. This ensures the polarity and absence of bias in the reporting of the results.

Closing the Curtains with the Paper’s Conclusion

When concluding your term paper writing, always restate the thesis statement. It always feels right and justifiable if the main purpose of the entire term paper is reiterated in the last part of the paper. Apart from that, recommendations and final thoughts may be included in this section.

The conclusion section, deemed shorter than other key sections in the term paper, may come in a short paragraph or bullet format, depending on your guidelines.

Pro-Tip: New information that is not previously included in the paper is not welcome in the conclusion. You might need to write my term paper again if I committed a mistake. You may instead synthesize the key points and results and leave a lasting impression on your reader by either providing a strong closing statement or a reinforcement of the main argument of the term paper.

References and Appendices: Two Pieces That Complete

One may argue that writing term papers may not need references and appendices sections, but the material they provide may prove otherwise. Without the references, sources will not be identified nor assessed, leaving no room for integrity on the writer's part.

Having no appendices section, on the other hand, does not provide enough context or additional information about the important plans that were executed during the creation of the paper. It is in these sections that small things matter.

Pro-Tip: Double-check the veracity of the references and appendices section. This may entail using the proper citation style for the reference titles and labeling the materials under the appendices section.

What’s a term paper? How to write a successful term paper?

A: A term paper is a type of academic paper that a student, typically from a higher academic institution such as a university, completes at the end of a semester or a term. Since it is considered a terminal requirement, writing a term paper requires one to conduct research, utilize higher-order thinking skills such as analysis, and present findings on a topic or subject by incorporating the knowledge and skills throughout the entirety of the term.

Since a term paper qualifies as an academic paper, writing services offer custom term paper assistance whenever needed. It is only through tailor-fit writing assistance and professional guidance from seasoned writers that you can achieve a stellar grade without getting down a rough route, thanks to Studyfy.

How to write a term paper if there is a word count?

A word count may be a bummer for some, but it can motivate you to budget how you will use your words efficiently. Make sure to allocate several words strategically. It is recommended that the discussion section gets the highest allocation among all the term paper sections.

Your research and writing process can be influenced by the term paper format and word count. As academic papers often have a specific set of rules, make sure to follow them to the dot.

What is the general structure of a term paper? Is it the same as a research paper?

The universally accepted structure of a term paper is quite similar to a research report: title page, rationale/background, literature review, methodology, results and discussion, and references. An appendices section is optional but necessary for other fields of interest.

A good term paper is like a good research paper. Research papers, like other academic papers, follow the named predictable pattern; just make sure to present your own research through engaging body paragraphs and state primary and secondary sources, including other research papers you used while writing.

Are term papers similar to research papers? How similar and different is the writing process?

Term paper writing is similar to research writing in terms of structure and purpose. However, they differ in scope, audience, and length. While a term paper has a broader scope and is meant to be seen by the course instructor, a research paper has a narrower scope and is written for a wider academic audience. However, what's crucial is the thorough research process.

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How to Write a Term Paper: A Complete Guide With Examples

You just got your term paper assignment and have no idea what to do or how to start? This guide will navigate you through every step of the process, from idea formation to final editing and proofreading. We will start with outlining, drafting and brainstorming, and get you through the writing part in no time. So, let’s dive into the question of how to write a term paper.

If you want to know everything you will need about term papers, this guide, written by the writers at the best essay writing service will help you along.

What is a term paper.

A term paper is an academic milestone more so than anything else. As a student, you are tasked with learning and then transmitting that knowledge to others. A term paper is just that, a way to show what you have learnt, and disseminate the knowledge to others. Unlike other types of academic writing , a term paper is more detailed, requires more research, and is generally seen as the hardest piece of written work aside from a thesis.

The aim of a term paper is to showcase your understanding of the subject matter and how well you handle pressure and deadlines. In this context, a term paper proves invaluable. In terms of scope, term papers may zero in on an important historical event – if you’re studying history – a scientific concept, or a contentious argument. The choice hinges on the prompt created by your academic advisor. The typical length of a term paper can stretch to five or seven pages, and is generally the prerequisite to attend end-of-semester examination. But, it is also a part of the weighted grade you’ll receive, which only adds to its importance.

For the average student, writing a term paper takes around two weeks, and is a process many do not fully understand. Term paper starts from a very basic element, a question.

Say your teacher wants you to analyze the arguments for and against US involvement in World War II. How would you start? By asking a question; something like: Why did the US enter the war? Or, why did the US waive its neutrality and entered the war.

This opens the door for you and allows you to find an article or two that then leads to the second step, and so on and so on, until you are done. The problem is many students do not know how the process works, or what skills are needed to get the job done. To write an excellent paper you need to plan carefully, adapt to new conditions, be analytical yet persuasive, and understand how referencing works. In addition, the paper has to be formatted to specifications of your chosen citation style – APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard, etc. This is a lot of work!

What is the Purpose of a Term Paper

At its core, a term paper serves to test your ability to understand arguments and defend them using written constructs within a pre-determined time period. Put simply, it tests your ability to navigate complex ideas when faced with a deadline – something that comes in handy in almost every job you’ll ever have later in life. If you can understand a complex event, a scientific theory, or a debatable stance, based on the directive from your academic mentor, you can manage pretty much anything that is thrown your way.

A typical term paper will be between five to seven pages, and represents the pinnacle of writing tasks in the semester. The process of term paper writing, even when the topic is prescribed, can be an arduous and time-consuming undertaking. To succeed you need meticulous planning, good composition skills, and scrupulous analysis, structure, and edit

Doing the Basics Right Saves You Time

As Seneca famously said, “Luck Is What Happens When Preparation Meets Opportunity.” In short, prepare, prepare, prepare. To create a perfect term paper you need to know, well in advance, how it will look, what will it be about, and how will it be structured. This then allows you to simply fill in the blanks as you go. But, if you start a day before submission, you’re toast – or, you can always ask for help from us J – because the result will be Red Bull frenzy induced compilation of internet’s best hits. And trust me when I say, your teacher has those stored in memory; you’re not the first student to turn a deaf ear on old Seneca….

So, let’s see how to start your term paper:

Select your topic – If possible choose something that you’re personally interested in. When you choose early, all the good topics are still free, so keep that in mind.
Research your topic – Once chosen, sit at your computer and run through Google Scholar or your University Library for anything that pops up when you type in your exact topic.
Create an outline – When you have a basic understanding of the topic, prepare an outline. It’s always going to be fairly standard, so once you get it right, you can re-use whenever you need to in the future.
Thesis statement – Now starts the tricky part. Just kidding, this is still the Top Lane, we’re not even close to the Jungle. Thesis statements are always pretty similar. Jolt down your guiding question and then, based on what you’ve read, write a one sentence argument. For example, if writing about solar and wind, you might go with: Solar and wind power are the future of energy production because fossil fuels are unsustainable.
Topics, topic sentences, and paragraphs – Every paragraph starts with a topic sentence that describes what the paragraph is talking about. The easiest way to understand is this. If writing a paper about wind and solar, you would need at least three topic sentences – 1)Wind 2)Solar 3)Benefits of using wind and solar. Naturally, a term paper needs much more than just three, but you get the idea.
Conclusion – Once you’ve written down the topic sentences and outlined the paper, note your own expectations of what you’ll find in the conclusion. This will help you understand what is happening, and when you’re actually writing the conclusion it will tell you if you were right or wrong.

Pro tip: If all of this is too much for you, there is always the possibility of asking professionals for help. Our team of term paper writers are here to help, so feel free to reach out!

Structure of a Term Paper

As you’ve probably guessed by now, every paper has to have a specific structure. In general, you can expect to have at least three parts – introduction, body, and a conclusion. However, longer papers may need several sub-sections, perhaps even an abstract or a summary, and a page dedicated to bibliography.

A typical term paper has three to five body paragraphs that form the backbone of your arguments and analytical discourse. A bibliography is always needed, even if your sources predominantly comprise course materials or excerpts from consulted textbooks. Depending on the chosen style, you will need either a Works Cited page (MLA), a Reference page (APA) or a Bibliography (Harvard, Chicago). Given its pivotal role in determining your final course grade, make sure to adhere to the highest writing and editing standards.

Term Paper Outline

Title page – this is where you enter your name, teacher name, school, class, and date. The formatting will depend on your chosen style
Introduction – Introduction sets the stage for your arguments. This is where you present statistics, define helpful terms, and finally present your thesis statement. IMPORTANT: Thesis statement is always the last sentence in the introduction.
Body 1: Historical setting or development
Body 2: Current state of knowledge about the problem
Body 3: Main argument and potential implications
Body 4: Argument for
Body 5: Argument against
Body 6: Summary
Conclusion : Bring all of the body arguments together and restate your thesis statement.
Bibliography : Provide references for all sources cited in the term paper using the style of your choice

Now let’s get to the nitty gritty of the writing process.

Topic Selection – In most cases teachers or instructors will provide students with a list of pre-approved topics to choose from. But, in some cases you will get the opportunity to choose for yourself. This is both a blessing and a curse, because it can lead you into a deep pit of despair if you are not careful.

Length – Every paper will have an assigned length. You should never go under the minimum or the maximum word/page count, as that will take points away from your final score. If the prompt asks for 10 pages, write that.

Sources – Consult your school library, Google Scholar, and any other database that has access to journals and books on your topic.

Simplify – While it is admirable to be able to write in a high-brow voice, it’s much better to use plain language as much as possible, but staying within the confines of academic jargon. No don’t’s, couldnt’s, or should’ve. If something is too complicated to explain simply, you do not understand it properly. Ask for clarification.

Do not be afraid to wander – Choosing a common topic may be a safe bet, but your teacher will grade you higher if you take a topic nobody else even though about. Brownie points are there for the taking. Just make sure you know what you’re talking about!

Don’t overextend – While the entire combined histories of all monastic orders may seem like an interesting topic (well, to us at least), it is waaaaaaay too broad to cover in 5 or 10 pages. Heck, that would probably take an entire compendium with multiple volumes. In short, don’t be a megalomaniac and choose a topic that fits in 5 pages.

How to Write a Term Paper: The Writing Process

Before starting your write up, the teacher will expect a proposal. This is a very short summary of the topic, your thesis statement, and a few sources. The goal is to present a topic that you can defend and ask the teacher to approve it.

So how do you write a proposal? Start by writing down your thesis statement and guiding question. Then identify three to four sources and jolt down key statistics and pieces of information that are linked to your thesis statement. The goal is to show you’ve done the work. The proposal will generally have a full outline (see above) so that the teacher knows what you are planning to do. If you explain what the topic is and why it is important in writing , the teacher will accept the proposal.

Introduction, well, Introduces the Term Paper

Your essay has to start strong, which is why 99.99% of all introductions start with a hook that captivates the audience. A hook can be anything, a statistic (like 40% of people in the US have no savings whatsoever, which means around 140 million people are completely broke – now that’s a hook, line, and sinker).

Once you know the reader is hooked, you present a brief overview of the topic you will discuss. This is where you bring statistics, data, and broader theories or concepts that may relate.

The end of the introduction is always reserved for the thesis statement, which is the last sentence of the introduction.

Try to be concise – not more than ¾ of a page (cca 200-250 words), but detailed enough so that the reader understands what the paper is about.

Writing the Body Sections

When you are certain you can understand the concepts and arguments presented in the literature, it’s time to write your body paragraphs.

The goal is to provide the reader with enough context and argumentation to prove your point. So, if you’re writing about the advantages of nuclear energy, you have to provide evidence from the literature as well as a thorough analysis of all benefits and drawbacks. The goal is to be as objective as possible, while ensuring your results are accurate.

Do not dwell on too much detail, you cannot fit all of the information in a 5 – 10 page paper. Isolate the most important pieces of evidence, maybe 3-4 and focus on those.

As a rule of thumb, you will aim for 4 – 5 body paragraphs minimum, but in most cases you will need more. The first section should be the literature review, where you analyze state-of-the-art of the topic you are writing about.

Following the literature review is your analysis, which draws from the information you’ve collected. It’s important to note, do not try and make up new stuff, or draw conclusions in this section. Simply analyze and summarize the findings in your own voice.

The last paragraph of the body section can be your own summary, where you present a different opinion. Be concise and do not go into too much detail, simply note if you think there are any discrepancies in the literature.

Remember : Always start your paragraphs with a topic sentence and try to contain the information within the paragraph to the topic.

Writing the Conclusion

Conclusion is the most important part of the term paper, even though many do not give it enough attention. This is where you put everything you’ve written together and summarize key findings.

Important : Conclusion is not the place to add new information or knowledge!

To write a good conclusion keep in mind your initial research question and thesis statement. The goal of the term paper is to answer the question and prove your thesis statement is correct. Has your paper done this? Write it down and explain why or why not your initial proposal was correct. A thesis statement can be wrong, and you must acknowledge this in your conclusion.

In the conclusion:

Summarize your findings
Discuss implications for future reseasrch

Editing and Finalization

The final word of the conclusion has been written, references added and alphabetized, the paper and the title page formatted. You are finally done. Or, maybe not! Now is the time for the final edit.

Teachers, above everything else, hate reading papers with spelling mistakes and poor grammar. To make sure your paper does not annoy the teacher (you don’t want a lower grade), make sure it is completely free of any errors.

The best way to do this is by using a machine learning tool combined with close reading on your own. The machine will weed out the glaring errors, and you will finish the job.

Read through the draft carefully. Remove any fluff or excess words that add nothing to the argument. You will likely find several sentences you will want to change. Do this now. Once done, start the second read-through.

In this read-through you will hone in on the arguments. Do they make sense? Are statistics properly cited, and do you sound coherent? If the answer is no, you will want to fix the mistakes until satisfied.

Now, finally, you are done! Congratulations. Pat yourself on the back. Oh, wait, we forgot about the abstract!

Abstract Comes First, or Last

In no uncertain terms, do not write the abstract before you’ve completed the term paper. This is always the last part of the writing process, but strangely enough the one your paper starts with. Go figure.

When you do get to this stage, use our secret formula. Well, it’s not really secret but we like to think so. The abstract needs three parts to work well, the introduction, the method/procedure, and the conclusion/findings. Depending on the topic these will vary slightly but you will always find them in an abstract.

Introduce your topic and what you plan to do in two to three sentences.

Describe what method you will use – such as literature review, an experiment, or something else. Two to three sentences.

Define the results you obtained after using the method. Two to three sentences.

Remember : The abstract should be between 120 and 200 words in length, no more is needed.

No, they are not. A research paper is an original piece of writing that comes after some type of original research has been done. Maybe you’ve found a new civilization during a dig, or a new chemical element. The research paper is meant to publicize this finding so other scientists can critique, refute, or confirm its validity. A term paper is a much simpler version that requires no original research. But, a term paper is your preparation for writing a research paper later in life.

This will depend on your teacher. In many cases, you will get a pre-defined format to follow, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. If not, we recommend using APA or Harvard, as they are relatively simple to learn and have a ton of resources to help you along.

It is important to remember you are not writing a book, so keep the topic narrow. For example, if writing about renewable energy, choose only one type of energy or just one region. Do not try to cram everything into 5-10 pages; it won’t work.

Writing a term paper is certainly a challenge, but it is also manageable if you dedicate yourself to the process. Prepare well in advance, read a lot, and do not be afraid to ask for help if you get stuck. Your teachers are paid to help you, so email them if you get stuck. Above everything, make sure you are interested in the topic, as that will make the process so much easier.

10 Tips To Study Effectively

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From research papers to dissertations, we have experts for all of your assignments!

45 fresh term paper topics for students.

Writing a term paper is not an easy task at all. However, it can be done. After all, so many students manage to do it every semester. Yes, writing term papers takes a lot of research. It takes a lot of time. It takes a lot of effort. But you can do it! And we are here to make sure you get a top grade on your research paper. We know how important term paper topics are, so we are providing 45 topics for you to choose from. You can use any of our topics for free. In addition, we will provide some tips on how to write the perfect term paper towards the end of this blog post. Remember, you can write your own research paper if you have enough time and you know how to do it. If you are running out of time, you can always get professional assistance from an experienced writer. There are academic writing companies that are ready to help you with your essay right now.

Why Are Term Paper Topics So Important?

We keep talking about term paper topics. But what makes them so special? Why are topics so important that they warrant an entire blog post and 45 examples? Well, the topic of your research paper is the first thing your audience sees. It’s present in the title of your paper and it is also contained within your thesis statement. You want your term paper to be interesting and captivating, right? You want it to engage your readers and keep them reading until the end. This is exactly why you want fresh term paper topics. Because the topic is the one thing that has the potential to pique the interest of your readers – and your professor alike – and keep them reading. And did you know that if you manage to awe your teacher, you will most likely get some bonus points? You don’t have to be an exceptional academic writer to get a good grade. You just need to be able to dedicate some time and effort to the term paper and find an exceptional topic. Remember, original term paper topics can make the difference between a mediocre grade and a good grade.

Where to Find Term Paper Topics Online?

Don’t think that interesting term paper topics are easy to find. If that were the case, everyone would write about excellent topics. Everyone would get bonus points and top grades. This isn’t happening, right? So it is quite difficult to find term paper topics that are worthy of bonus points. However, once you know where to search for term paper topics, the process of finding an awesome topic becomes a lot easier. The first place to search is the Internet, of course. You can find hundreds of topics online. However, most of them are trivial and almost all of the topics you find online are already being used by other students – possible even your classmates. You want to dig deeper. Become active in chat rooms and read blogs in your field. Ask for interesting topics and watch what people are debating. You will find some very interesting talking points very fast. The best term paper topics are the topics that people are talking about; the subjects that have not been covered sufficiently and that need further research. You can find new term paper topics in the library as well. Start by reading the best works by established authors and look for areas that require further research. Fresh term paper topics are the topics that nobody has talked about yet. In many cases, the authors of various research papers or journals clearly state the areas that require further research. All you have to do is pick these suggestions and create a term paper topics list from them. College students may not be exceptional at writing term papers, but they are very versatile when it comes to researching. So you can definitely pull it off!

Our 45 Fresh Term Paper Topics 2018

Do you want the best term paper topics 2018? We have compiled a list for you. Here it goes:

Education 1. An analysis of discrimination in college education in the United States. 2. National standardized tests do not reflect the intelligence of college students. 3. Should corporal punishment be permitted in schools in the United States? 4. Drug and alcohol abuse is driving our students away from college. 5. Grade inflation in the US: Why are US students getting so many As when compared to European students? Internet 1. Here is how the search engine of the future will work. 2. The impact of illegal digital downloads on the movie industry worldwide. 3. Freedom of speech is impossible to be regulated on the Internet. 4. China is censoring the Internet in a concerted effort to blind the population. 5. Social networks of the future: The next Facebook Information Technology 1. Reasonable access: when does it become an invasion of privacy? 2. Analyzing how ransomware viruses spread; methods of encryption. 3. The processing power of a CPU versus the processing power of a supercomputer. 4. How Facebook got away with selling user data to third parties. 5. The attributes of the next major programming language (and its weaknesses). Animals 1. Medical research: are animal rights still relevant? 2. Analyzing the inhumane treatment of animals in industrial farming. 3. Protecting all animals would lead to job losses in the farming industry. 4. Should a chimp be allowed to hold an ID and vote? 5. How animal rights have evolved over the years starting from the 50s. Gun Control 1. Police safety is at risk when the population has the right to bear arms. 2. Assault rifles should be banned from all states in the United States. 3. States that permit their residents to hold firearms have lower crime rates. 4. Gunshot deaths are significantly lower in countries that do not allow their citizens to bear arms. 5. The Second Amendment needs a revision in light of the recent massacres in the US. Terrorism 1. Is the United States foreign policy fuelling terrorism? 2. The United States should immediately withdraw all its forces from Syria and Afghanistan. 3. The ideology of a terrorist: when even one’s life is less important than one’s beliefs. 4. Terrorists should not be imprisoned without trial and should not be tortured for information. 5. Steps to counter terrorism in NATO countries. Psychology 1. The psychology of Donald Trump: how he won the elections. 2. Self-harm is psychological disorder, just like an eating disorder. 3. The value of Freud’s contribution to modern psychology. 4. The psychological effects of combat operations on US military personnel. 5. Can the human mind be controlled using psychological methods? Simple Topics 1. The main causes of obesity in the United States. 2. The fast food industry should be taxed harsher. 3. Comparing verbal communication with non-verbal communication. 4. Sleep is absolutely necessary for the human body and mind. 5. Are lie detectors really that accurate? Controversial Topics 1. Should healthcare be considered a privilege or a right? 2. Animal testing: the definitive pros and cons. 3. The Israeli-Palestinian war is intensifying with the move of the US embassy to Jerusalem. 4. Drone strikes in sovereign countries by the US are illegal under international law. 5. Athletes have the right to sit during the anthem if they wish.

Tips to Write the Perfect Term Paper

Now that you have a term paper topics 2018 list, you just need to start writing the research paper. College students are always afraid of the writing part of the process. But it’s not at all difficult if you know how to write a term paper. Here are a few term paper tips that will help you out: • Create a list of term paper topics or get one (like ours). • Always narrow down the topic. Avoid broad subjects at all costs. • Make effective use of an outline (very important if you want to learn how to write a term paper). • Never forget to edit and proofread your work. • Avoid presenting facts that do not support your thesis. • Avoid empty words and filler words. Use scientific jargon whenever possible. Keep away from slang. We hope our fresh term paper topics will help you write the perfect research paper. Remember, you can use our list in any way you like. Of course, you can change any of the topics to suit your needs. Good luck!

261 Macroeconomics Topics for Any Paper [+Tips]

Take a look at our macroeconomics research topics and select the most suitable one. And don’t forget to check out our tips on how to compose a paper.

⚖️ Macro & Micro
📑 Topics in Macro

🏆 Best Macroeconomics Topic Ideas & Essay Examples

📑 good research topics about macroeconomics, ⭐ simple & easy macroeconomics essay titles, 👍 good essay topics on macroeconomics.

📄 For Essay
🖥️ For Presentation
📊 For Project
👩‍💻 For Research
✍️ For Term Paper
🔥 20 More Hot Topics

❓ Macroeconomics Essay Questions

🔨 Tricks for a Paper

All finance students are required to take the macroeconomics course throughout their studies. Although the subject is crucial and useful, it is pretty challenging. In particular, it can become a problem if you want to nail an original macroeconomics project. Topics to write about can be tricky to find for students regardless of their school level.

But you won’t face any difficulties.

Our team of experts has prepared a comprehensive list of macroeconomic topics. Here you can find fascinating ideas for any type of assignment.

🤔 What Is Macroeconomics?

Of course, you could go straight away to the essay ideas search. But are you familiar with essential economic terms? If not, then the topic selection process can turn into huge trouble.

We have good news for you!

For your convenience, we developed a brief study guide on the basics of economics. So, don’t hesitate to use our prompts to make your studying process more pleasurable.

⚖️ Macroeconomics & Microeconomics

In essence, macroeconomics and microeconomics are two fundamental parts of economic science. They perfectly complement each other and provide a wide range of opportunities for economists. Nevertheless, the microeconomic and macroeconomic objectives differ to a great extent.

Macroeconomics and microeconomics deal with similar issues.

So, what are they?

Macroeconomics is a field of economics that studies the economic performance of countries. By employing it, governments can analyze the financial situation within a country. Macroeconomic theory’s concepts help to predict and prevent possible economic obstacles. Generally, the field presents the big picture. That is to say, it shows the economic development on a national and international level.

In contrast, microeconomics focuses on specific firms or companies. It analyzes the business owners’ decision-making process. Microeconomics does not interact with national or even international economic problems. It mainly investigates enterprises and their internal issues.

📑 Topics in Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics is a broad field that covers a wide range of issues. The two topics of primary concern in macroeconomics are:

the behavioral tendencies;
the decision-making processes of an economy as a whole.

In other words:

Macroeconomics explores human actions and interactions from an economic perspective.

Have you ever noticed any macroeconomic topics in the news? Or maybe in the headings of magazine articles, in the posts on social media? Or have you heard the discussion of high inflation and unemployment rate on the radio or television? These are all examples of the application of macroeconomics in real life.

Professor Carol L. Osler's quote about macroeconomics as a verb.

The spectrum of issues examined by macroeconomics impresses with its diversity. To make your studying more pleasant, our team gathered ideas in one place.

The topics studied in macroeconomics include:

Price levels
Inflation rates
Political economy
Unemployment rates
Finance development
Fiscal and monetary policies
National and international trade
Government savings and investments
Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Analysis of Nestle Nutrition Due to high competition in the market, an increase in the prices of Nestle’s products is likely to decrease their demand, thereby reducing the firm’s sales.
Greece and Ireland: Macroeconomic and Financial Comparison However, the growth in Ireland was more than that in Greece. For Greece, it was engaged in fighting a runaway debt since the 1990s.
How Macroeconomics Affects on Remote Industry & Operating Environments The fourth and last macroeconomics variable is the interest rate prevailing in the economy, which is the measure of the cost of capital.
The Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Factors in a Startup Café The objectives of this poster are to illustrate the importance of the microeconomics and macroeconomics factors in my project, which is a Startup Cafe.
New Classical Macroeconomics The New Classical Macroeconomics school of thought is built on the assumption that all agents in the economy use the information available to make rational decisions.
Difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics Macroeconomics Macroeconomics emphasizes on the bigger picture of the economy thus acquitting on how things in the world in terms of the structure, performance, behavior and decision making process of the whole economy.
Basics of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics GDP is equal to all expenses of all goods and services produced in a country, equal to the total of value-added during the production of the goods and services by all industries within a country […]
Macroeconomic Determinants of Savings in the UK The neoclassical model examines whether the development between steady states, positive changes in the savings ratio may stimulate the growth rate in the economy.
Macroeconomic Environment: Oversight and Governance In order for the business to be listed on the exchange, it must first meet all of the listing rules and then pay any expenses associated with being listed.
Insurance in Europe Profitability and the Macroeconomic Environment The assignment analyses the cost structure of the industry, the economic landscape in Europe, and how it relates to the insurance sector, changing consumer preference, and the impact of Covid-19 on the industry.
Articles Explaining Macroeconomic Concepts and Events The model interprets the characteristics of the financial markets and investigates the stability of a country’s economy. The LM curve indicates the GDP output levels where the money supply is equal to the demand.
Macroeconomic Problems Faced by Sweden and Saudi Arabia Macroeconomics studies the behavior of the economy, as well as its major sectors, such as the public and private sectors, and the monetary system, as well as the relationships between the most significant general economic […]
The Impacts of the Macroeconomic Variables on the Business Environment These are also indicators of the rank of the well-being of the population, exports and imports operations, the overall rate of economic growth, and other economic processes.
Macroeconomics Principles: International Commerce On the other hand, the higher the productivity gap, the greater the concentration of export businesses and the fewer their links with the rest of the economy.
Macroeconomics Principles of Demand and Supply The article suggested that the aggregate demand must be boosted to support the monetary policies and decrease the risks faced after the pandemic’s shock for the worldwide economy.
United States National Debt and Macroeconomics The national debt of the United States is one of the most known economic phenomena in the world. This is the real danger of using the national debt as a solution to the lack of […]
The United States Macroeconomic Policies During COVID-19 One of the main reasons is the social hardship caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and, consequently, the government’s need to ensure a steady flow of funds to support the budget.
Macroeconomic Variables Overview According to the data, GDP growth in 2017 was 2. The inflation rate in the same years was 2.
Economic Principles: Macroeconomics This paper intends to describe the housing industry in the United States as presented in the Census Bureau. The housing industry is one of the most vibrant in the United States and the rest of […]
Behavioral Finance: Meaning of Macroeconomics Keen disapproves of all the economic theories that support the concept describing their flaws and mishaps. The theories they disapprove of have some flaws that are well stated and displayed.
Macroeconomics: US Monetary Policies in 1980-1990 The chart shows the rise in inflation that reached peak levels in the late 70’s, causing the Federal Reserve to come up with new policies to solve the issue.
Food Security and Macroeconomics Discussion This is a bad trend which severely hurts the supply of food in third world countries which are not food sufficient.
Macroeconomic Overview and Employment Rates in India The occupational structure of India shifted since the 1990s, and the percentage of people employed in the agricultural sector decreased considerable, which also positively affects economic growth. In summary, both the internal and external environment […]
Macroeconomics in Unemployment Frictional unemployment is described as the unemployment that takes place because of the movement of people from one occupation to another.
Macroeconomics and Hyperinflation in 1914-1923 The officials of the Central bank of Germany thought the cause of hyperinflation was the depreciation of the mark in foreign exchange currency.
Interpreting World Macroeconomic Conditions The production of wine is related more to the gross domestic product compared to the rates of interest. In the United States the fast food industry is said to contribute a total of $ 1.
Business Proposal Project and Macroeconomics Policy The purpose of this paper will be to come up with a unique technological innovation that the company can invest in order to meet the needs of the clients and the suppliers.
Gas Prices and Macroeconomic Indicators The paper will investigate the possible effects of the change of gasoline price on changes in GDP, CPI, and unemployment rate.
Macroeconomic Study of Latin America The economic growth as in the third quarter of 2008 was at 4. 8% and with the economic stimulus plan of $ 4Billion that is intended to quash the current meltdown in the economy, economic […]
Macroeconomics – Fiscal Policy‏ The stability of the Fiscal Policy is of great significance to any economy because it is one of the prime determinants of the strength of the economy of the country.
Jordan: Macroeconomic Issues In most cases, the human development index is be termed as the welfare of the people in that economy as it encompasses per capita GDP, life expectancy, education and in remote cases purchasing power.
Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Differences The perception of macroeconomics is in terms of a worldly view of resources while microeconomics entails a more individual feature of the economy. This makes the difference from macroeconomics, which appertains to the sum total […]
Concepts and Problems in Macroeconomics The unemployment rate in Israel is presented in the figure below. The first massive rise in the unemployment rate was during 1988 to 1992 when there was the incidence of the Gulf War.
Science of Economics: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics This paper will examine the issue of “why is the science of economics concerned with the activity of households and individuals at one end of the scale, and that of multinational corporations and governments at […]
Macroeconomic Development of Haiti The political condition in Haiti is in the shambles with a long history of anarchy, insurrection, dictatorship and political infighting the Haitian economy has remained one of the poorest economies of the world. Then the […]
Evaluating Effectiveness of Supply Side Economics on Macroeconomic Objectives This paper takes the position that supply side economics has had its day and the deregulation aspect of the theory has gone too far with the result that the US economy as well as the […]
Macroeconomics and Unemployment The author of the article is Jennifer Steinhauer and the source where the article is taken from is the newspaper “The New York Times”, issued on September 18, 2009, that is why the information under […]
Macroeconomic Impact on UK Hotel Chain’s Marketing Mix Other harbingers of the current economic travails are tight credit and falling home prices The country has not been spared the effects of the global economic slowdown that commenced with a recession across the Atlantic […]
Macroeconomic Changes and Its Impact on the Agricultural Sector Formerly, the growth in the agricultural sector of the United States had been quite unpredictable. The rate of economic growth has a significant impact on the demand for agricultural products in the United States.
Mexico Country: Micro and Macroeconomic Environment This undertaking is of vital importance to the company; it provides a view of short run costs that will have to be paid for the company to gain in the long run.
The United States’ Macroeconomic Performance The problem of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan will be adding more financial pressures to the economy of the United States of America.
Kenya’s Macroeconomic Activities With the expansion of tourism, transport, and recovery in Agriculture which is in the due process, the gross domestic product per capita is expected to increase with high percentage. On top of that, Kenya’s economy […]
India’s International Macroeconomic Environment The country is a major power in the South Asia and has got the status of full dialogue partner with ASEAN and has been admitted as a member of the ASEAN Regional Forum.
Reductionist Effect in Macroeconomics Coddington says that limiting the supply of a product or service in the market will pull down the performance of a firm since the firm will lose its market share to competitors.
Macroeconomics: Aggregate Demand and Supply The overall effect of the drilling in Alaska on the economy is that the economy will be rejuvenated and this cannot be more welcome in the united states at this time of financial crisis.
Australian Fashion Industries. Macroeconomic Situation. It has been investing heavily in the industry by having designer wear that are readily available in the market and shopping malls and there are many customers who are interested and exposed to the products […]
Macroeconomics: Increasing Firm’s Income The assumption of the equilibrium state within national income will hold and that the supply in national income is equal to the demand for the same income.
Macroeconomics, Stagflation and Government Policy If the economy already appeared in a state of stagflation at the intersection of AD and AS2, the goal of the policy is to shift the aggregate supply curve to the right to AS.
Macroeconomics: South Africa’s Fiscal Space Reforms The purpose of this paper is to review the article and express the author’s opinion on the subject matter. The budget of South Africa should implement the government’s commitments to reduce the budget deficit and […]
Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomics Moreover, the peculiarities and current state of the fiscal policy can be discussed by the Council of Economic Advisers, which means that this body is another aspect that might include macro.
Macroeconomics: Unemployment Rate in North America Such indicators of economic development as the labor force rate and the unemployment rate are the significant aspects of state development and its policies regarding the labor market.
Applying Macroeconomic Concepts in France The focus should be on analyzing such issues influencing the economic stability in the state as the problem of unemployment, changes in the unemployment rate, as well as changes in the inflation rate.
France: Applying Macroeconomic Concepts Its continental borders are the North Sea, the English Channel, the Atlantic Ocean, the Bay of Biscay, Spain, Monaco, and Andorra, the Mediterranean Sea, and Italy, Switzerland and Germany, and Belgium and Luxemburg.
“The Trouble with Macroeconomics” by Paul Romer In his article, Paul Romer addresses the challenges that the global economy has been experiencing due to the rise in the influence of the factors such as scientific research on the development of macroeconomics and […]
Macroeconomics: McDonald’s Challenges in 2012 Therefore, this hurts McDonald’s reputation as a global fast-food business. The price demand elasticity strategy was a tactic to increase McDonald’s market share.
American Macroeconomic Situation in 2011 It should be known that various insolvencies that had been experienced are falling and this is good as far as the economy is concerned. The Federal Reserve has maintained low-interest rates and this has been […]
Australia’s Macroeconomic Policies The unemployment rate had been above 3% once since the the1940s went above 4% in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s recessions. The inflation rate was above 10% in the early 1990s.
Macroeconomic Issues and Funding Adjustments When ADF and ASF are equal, the amount of group 3 funds has for lending would be equal to the total amount group 2iwould be willing to borrow.
Macroeconomics: Origins, Development and Current State In the event that there are these changes to these variables, the graphs presented in appendix 1 are a show of what is anticipated to happen to the core macroeconomic elements of the economy.
Macroeconomics Course: Japanese Yen and US Dollar March 1: 1 USD = 81. 8425 JPY March 12: 1 USD = 81.
2008 Macroeconomic Collapse and Prevention Efforts The rise in the subprime mortgage rates led to the crash of the stock prices in the US. Therefore, in a volatile market, the aim is to reduce portfolio risk and not maximize trading profits.
Peter Coy Views on Macroeconomics Peter Coy’s article gives insight into the economic thought on the government’s involvement in the economy. In the article by Peter Coy, critics view the free market as the only thought that can counterbalance the […]
Macroeconomic Factors of Website Content and Services Since internet usage is advancing significantly, the long-run prices offered in internet marketing would significantly decline as a result of high competition.
“Lectures in Macroeconomics” by Arnold Kling Both increased productivity and trade are regarded as beneficial for the economy due to the potential ability to move labor resources from one sector that experiences productivity exceeding demand to those that encounters prevalence of […]
Classical Macroeconomic Analysis and Its Principles The repercussion of the ASF line being horizontal is seen given a scenario where the APE line shifts to the right; implying an increase in expenditure with no funding to compliment it.
Macroeconomics: Aggregate Planned Expenditures The major role of any economy is to ensure that it coordinates the changes in the level of goods produced and the changes in the demand for the goods.
Macroeconomic Factors and Hong Kong Stock Returns This chapter covers the background of the study, problem statement, research objectives and hypotheses and the significance of the study. He argues that the inverse relationship between inflation and real stock returns is as a […]
Macroeconomic Coordination and Demand Shocks Based on their needs, the most appropriate options are for the consumers, especially group two to borrow money in the form of loans, spend the money, and pay back the loan with interest. However, the […]
Britain’s Economic Issues and Macroeconomic Concepts The spending power of the population has been eroded and the growth of wages is half the level of inflation. This is because there is little excess to be affected than in the first occurrence […]
Russian Federation’s Macroeconomics in 2011 This resulted in a major decline of the economy with the GDP and the industrial output dropping by up to 50%.
Johnson & Johnson: Macroeconomic Variables Analysis It will be used to show the effect of the variables on the sales of the product GDP stands for the gross domestic product which is used to represent the total demand for the goods […]
Macroeconomic Concepts and International Trade Simulation When the per capita income is high, it means that the level of production per individual in the economy is also high. This is referred to as the relative advantage of a country to produce […]
Macroeconomics in 2010 Newspaper Articles The article has its basis on the recent global financial crisis, which started in the United States and spread to other parts of the world.
Macroeconomics Performance and Policies of Mexico That is why it is possible to claim that inflation is one of the important macroeconomic issues that are to be solved in the future.
Brexit Macroeconomic Impact on the United Kingdom One of the most important aspects of the referendum that appealed to pro-Brexit voters was the perception of how immigration can affect the labour market.
Macroeconomic Indicators and Financial Data Thus, to be a macro-economist in the company means to analyze these macroeconomic factors and suggest a strategy that considers the latest trends in the market or the industry.
Macroeconomic Elements: the Reduction of Oil Prices Oil prices in the international market have been on a consistent decline since June 2014 and the impact of this decline on the economy of the country has been evident. It is expected that the […]
Macroeconomic and Microeconomics: Ubiquity and Popularity The discipline focuses on the analysis of global economic issues and the mechanisms and principles that determine the observed behaviors and trends to be able to model the future course of action and predict the […]
US Macroeconomic Indicators in 2005-2012 The decline in economic growth reported in the first quarter of the year 2012 is a reflection of a lower growth rate in fixed investments and inventory by businesses.
UAE Macroeconomics and Global Economy Changes The appearance of specific trends in the way countries interact, the high speed of globalization, and the emergence of new dominant agents impact the way economies evolve.
Scarcity, Decision-Making, and Macroeconomics The inability to concentrate on a particular task due to distractive thoughts about an ill parent/child or the need to make provision for a family usually plays a huge disservice in the matters of general […]
Azerbaijan Macroeconomic Risk Analysis When entering the gas and oil sector of Azerbaijan, the CEO of the company should determine whether the risk factors outweigh the positive aspects of the industry.
Japan Macroeconomics: Problems and Possible Solutions Based on this, the problems that need to be addressed as a result of this crisis are threefold: the first is the need to implement some form of reconstruction, the second is to address the […]
Macroeconomics Fundamentals and Terms The unemployment rate is also used to evaluate the purchasing power of consumers in a particular economy. It is used to estimate the value of a currency and the purchasing power of consumers in a […]
Macroeconomic Environment: Self Correction of the Economy However, if the demand of shares in the stock market drops, it means that there will be a drop in income payments and many firms will be affected.
Belgium Macroeconomic Data Analysis In Belgium, expenditure by the central government and the regional governments is separate. In 2012, central government expenditure was 23% of the total government expenditure.
Macroeconomic Indicators and Their Impact on the Greek Economy To effectively identify and analyze macroeconomic indicators and their impact on the economy of Greece, the report undertook a research and collected information using a range of primary and secondary sources.
Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Activities Influences The paper evaluates the way in which different activities taking place in the economy affects businesses, households and government dealings. The choices households make in relation to purchase of grocery affect other large-scale factors.
Current Macroeconomics in the US Most importantly, the building and sale of residential houses have reduced and the cost of housing has also declined prompting a closure of the housing industry in the future.
Current Macroeconomic Situation in US The economic situation is in the form of recession since the factors of production are not utilized to the maximum. This makes up a component of the federal system of reserve and is mandated to […]
Wall Street Impacts – Macroeconomics The article is one of the latest reports on the improving international business at both the Wall Street and the European Union, owing to a number of fiscal policies expected within the next few months.
Equilibrium Supply and Demand – Macroeconomic Demand is the quantity of goods desired by consumers while supply is the amount of goods the producers can offer to the market.
Germany and Its Macroeconomics At the same time, the growing share of private consumer spending in the German GDP is a wonderful opportunity to expand employment prospects and use its positive results to improve the standards of living in […]
Larry Elliott: Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century It is possible, to contradict the rationality of the major theme in Piketty’s book because a simple reduction in inequality may not be the solution.
Macroeconomic Factors within the EU Recession in the EU has pushed some of the international companies out of the market because of the increased production costs in the region and low profits.
2008 Global Recession: UK’s Macroeconomic Policies It is on the basis of these negative effects of the global recession that the group of twenty countries met in the United Kingdom to come up with new macroeconomic policy mechanisms in response to […]
Public Debt in Managing Macroeconomics The rates compound, and finally the government’s ability to repay the debt is doubted. The solution to the US’ debt crisis is to reduce government spending.
Macroeconomic Concepts and Models Application Some of the impacts that have brought about more use of the biofuel in the current world have led to the replacement of the liquid oil from 1-2% recently1.
Current macroeconomic situation in the USA In order to deal with the problem of inflation, the federal government could sell treasuries of the United States such as bonds in the international market.
Economic Data Comparison of Australia, China, and Greece The budgetary position for Australia and Greece has been increasing from 1999 up to 2009 when the GFC occurred making the governments of these countries to reduce national expenditure and increase taxation to curb the […]
Setting Macroeconomic Policies Initially, the government sets the inflation target and the Monetary Policy Committee forecasts the expected future inflation through economic statistics and imposes measures to curb it so as to meet the target.
Project Macroeconomics Forecast Component Compare and contrast differences for the respective statistics prepared by the forecasters From the projection carried out by the CBO forecasters, the economic indicators seem to be at the highest between 2007 and 2010.
European Macroeconomic Policies and Risks New entrepreneurs need to consider key macroeconomic factors such as aggregate demand polices, aggregate supply policies, fiscal policies, and the policies for the integration of the macroeconomic factors with the European social model.
United States of America’s Macroeconomic Analysis The political system in the U.S.has been relatively stable over the years, making it the leading democracy in the world. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the United States of America had experienced a […]
Macroeconomic Situation of the US The United States boasts of being a leading economic power in the world, and as a result, the recent economic recession in the country led to the repercussions being felt in almost all the parts […]
The Impact and Link of Macroeconomic Variables on the Share Prices in UK The reason of the difference of stock market behavior in the two countries is explained to be the result of slump of Japan after 1990 and liquidity trap of the late 1990 and start of […]
Interpreting Macroeconomic Conditions: interest rate Low income levels means that the industry will spend a lot in an effort to increase sales and this will be reflected in high operating costs.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables A case study of the UK and US will be used to illustrate how these variables have an impact on the real exchange markets According to Consumer Price Index can be used as a direct […]
Nominal and Real GDP Growth Rates When the real GDP is constant, the inflation rate follows the same trend and the natural rate of unemployment is not necessarily constant. When the Real GDP is high, the unemployment rate is low and […]
France’s Economy: Five Key Macroeconomic Variables However, the economic crisis in Europe and the global economic downturn, which began in 2007, have led to severe reduction in the country’s growth rate.
Introduction to Macroeconomics: Sequestration and Its Impacts on an Economy According to Choi and Devereux, an increase in the permanent spending results in an increase in the released money, thus, an increase in the circulating currency.
Macroeconomic Issues Related to the Federal Deficit and the National Debt What is affected by the federal budget deficit, which is equivalent to government debt level, is the change in the rate of interest.
Exchange Regimes and Their Impact on Macroeconomic Performance The terms and the conditions of the exchange rates can either have a positive or a negative impact on the economic growth of a given country. The managed floating rates are a combination of the […]
GDP Evaluation and Comparison: China, Greece, and Australia China GDP Annual Growth Rate In the year 2000 the annual growth rate of the GDP was 6% while the highest attained was 13% in the year 2009.
Macroeconomic Policy About Population Growth Below is a list of twenty developing countries whose population growth was high in the 1960’s and 1970’s and declined at the beginning of the 21st century; Population growth rate GDP per capita Argentina 1 […]
Macroeconomic Policy under Floating Exchange Rate This means that the exchange rate is flexible and can change from time to time in response to the dynamics of the foreign exchange markets.
Macroeconomics: Socialism, Totalitarism and US Economics Compare and contrast the approach to economics of the U.S.system of government to Socialism Capitalism, which is the economic system in the U.
Macroeconomic Analysis Using an Article The prize that a commodity or service is worth in the market is accumulated is summed up to the value of government expenditure and overall consumer expenses and is measured against the income value1. The […]
Macroeconomics and Reality This demand is affected by the price of the car, the price of other models of cars, tastes and preferences of consumers among others. Many of the models in the article are also difficult to […]
Macroeconomic Policy Settings in Australia Monetary policies on the other hand are policies used by the reserve bank of Australia to monitor the flow of money in the economy.
Macroeconomic Policy Settings in Australia The economic growth in Australia is aimed at reducing the unemployment rates in the future. The country has succeeded in achieving economic growth and prosperity in the face of the global recession.
Macroeconomics: Collapse of the United States Housing Market Such was the experience that the economy of the United States faced in the year 2009 following the crisis that was realized in the housing market.
Macroeconomics and Monetary Policies The rate of interest will lower to such an extent that the aggregate demand will start to rise until it is equalized with the addition supply of funding.
Macroeconomics: Determination of GDP It is the market value of these final goods and services that is referred to as gross domestic product. A general rise in the average price of goods and services in an economy is referred […]
Macroeconomics: Demand of Super Bowl Tickets Rovel argues that the prices of Super Bowl tickets are plummeting because there are very few short sellers and that the location of New Orleans is not optimal since it is not easy to make […]
Analysis of Macroeconomic Condition of Argentina Despite acquiring the land against the will of the natives, the foreigners ensured that the proceeds from agriculture were used for the development of the country.
Macroeconomic Study about Argentina Despite the growth in the real GDP of the country, the aforementioned statistics shows a consistent rise in the rate of inflation in the country.
The Impact of Premature Financial Liberalisation on Macroeconomic and Financial Stability Effects on rate of savings and investment One of the roles of liberalisation is to remove rigidity in the control of rates of exchange and rates of interest, compulsory allocation of credits from banks, and […]
Comparative Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators of USA and Brazil The rationale is that unemployment refers to a proportion of the population that has skills and is willing to provide the skills to the labor market.
Macroeconomic forecast of Turkey for the next 5 years (up to 2017) To determine the unemployment rate, the total population of the labor force and the employed people in a given region/country is considered.
Macroeconomics: Interest Rates Keynesian theory of interest has been used to explain the effects of changes in the Federal Reserve rate on the general interest rates and prices in the economy.
Conceptual Study on Macroeconomics Notions The law of demand states that the higher the costof the good or service, the less people will demand it, while the law of supply states that the higher the price of a commodity, the […]
Macroeconomic Coordination Process The graph, which is one diagram, will show the relationship between the level of interest on the vertical axis and the degrees of GDP, APE and ASF on the horizontal axis.
A Macroeconomic And Financial Outlook Of New Zealand Some of this factors are the level of consumption of the country’s population, the level of savings and investment and the government’s fiscal and monetary policies.
Measuring Macroeconomic Concepts As a matter of fact, it can also be referred to as the rate at which the purchasing power of individuals’ changes as time goes by. The country is in a stable period of prices […]
Great Britain’s Macroeconomics In Relation To The US The mammoth economy was however destabilized by the innumerable costs accrued to the first and the second world wars and the great depression in the ninety’s.
Macroeconomics: Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand refers to the “…responsiveness of changes in the quantity of goods and services demanded in relation to the changes in their prices”.
Rapidly Developing Macroeconomics in Chile The history of macroeconomic reforms in Chile dates back to the beginning of the 1990s, when the military government initiated the first economic reform.
Principles of Macroeconomics: Supply and Demand Relationship In conclusion, supply and demand relationship tries to describe macroeconomic variables like price levels and amount of quantity in the economy.
Macroeconomic Policies in Australia The policy makers therefore always strive to keep the inflation rate at low levels to minimize the effects of a high inflation rate.

🤗 Interesting Macroeconomic Topics

Did you figure out the basic economic terms and concepts? Congratulations! Now, you are ready to go to the next step of your task completing. It is a topic search. Take this step responsibly because a compelling topic is a key to a successful paper.

The process of idea selection may become a real struggle for students. But not for you! We created a list of macroeconomics paper topics. The ideas are divided into several sections based on the type of assignment you need to complete. The macroeconomics topic choice has never been so easy!

📄 Macroeconomics Topics for Essay

Effect of oil prices on different countries’ GDP.
The political economy of international trade.
Limitations of GDP as a measure of economic welfare.
The significance of Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” concept in modern economics.

The invisible hand is an unobservable market force.

Remittances role in spurring global economic growth.
Economic factors of Dubai tourism demand.
The effects of inflation targeting.
The interactions of economic and political science.
The nature of the catch-up growth phenomenon in developing countries.
The benefits of medical tourism to the world economy.
The economic recession of 2007-2009 . Conduct an economic analysis of the worldwide crisis of 2007-2009. What were the causes and effects of the recession? Analyze the role of monetary and fiscal policies. What role do they play in reducing the risks of a total financial collapse during the crisis?
The tourism industry in the state of Oregon . Investigate traveling commerce in Oregon from an economic perspective. How thousands of tourists help to maintain the appropriate level of economic growth? Explore the impact of tourism on the economy of Oregon and the USA. Look at them separately.
The impact of the COVID -19 outbreak on the global economy . Explore the influence of the pandemic on the different branches of the economy. Analyze the readiness of the countries to face financial difficulties. Were the governments’ reactions to the risks of recession effective enough?
Practical problems of active economic stabilization policy . There are three key negative effects of stabilization policy: – recognition lag – decision lag – impact lagDiscuss how these lags may lead to destabilization of the economy instead of stabilization. Why can a stabilization policy be useful for one class of enterprises? Why can it be ineffective for another one?
Neoclassical economists. Analyze the scientific impact of three the most famous neoclassical economists: -Thorstein Veblen -Eliot Roy Weintraub -George Joseph StiglerCompare and contrast their approaches to macroeconomic objectives. How did these figures contribute to the development of the modern economy?

🖥️ Macroeconomics Topics for Presentation

Sustainable economic development. The four greens.
European macroeconomic policies and risks.
International environmental concerns in economics.
Macroeconomic environment: self-correction of the economy .
Economic systems types: free market and a mixed economy.
Abu Dhabi commercial bank and financial regulation.
Economic inequality as a result of globalization.
Cultural differences and ethics of international trading.
Economic analysis of criminal law.

Economists approach the analysis of crime assuming that criminals are rational.

Economic fluctuations in aggregate demand and aggregate supply.
Theory of liquidity preference . Analyze Keyne’s theory of liquidity preference. Can interest rate adjustments indeed bring money supply and demand in balance? Use visual aids (graphs, charts) to make the understanding of the topic more accessible.
Who leads the economy: economists or politicians? Explore the influence of politics on the economic sector. Why economics and politics cannot exist independently? Investigate the positive and negative outcomes of economic and political interactions. List all the key ideas on the slides. Appropriate illustrations will help the audience comprehend your ideas more effectively.
Money laundering as one of the most critical financial crimes . Explain the mechanisms of economic crimes that occur in modern society. What criminal procedures are applied to deal with money laundering? What are the possible ways to reduce the risks of crimes against the property?
Short-run aggregate supply and long-run aggregate supply differences. Explore the notions. What do they mean? How are they familiar? To make your presentation more professional, use slides. Demonstrate the correlation of short-run aggregate supply and long-run aggregate supply curves on the graph.
Keynesian economics . Briefly introduce John Maynard Keynes. What were his economic approaches? Illustrate his models (the liquidity trap, IS-LM plot, Keynes–Samuelson cross). Highlight the significance of Keynesian discoveries for modern economics.

📊 Macroeconomics Topics for Project

The costs and benefits of incurring an annual federal budget deficit.
Cause and effects of the mortgage crisis.
The effects of the introduction of the national minimum wage on employment.
GDP growth rate and economic future of the United States.
Alternative policies towards the exchange rate.
Economic tools: alcohol abuse problem-solving.
Optimizing production in the food industry.
Automatic economic stabilizers.
Methods of sustainable economic development.
The role of China and the USA for the international economy. Compare and contrast the impact of both countries for global economic development.
Strategies to overcome economic recession . Develop your ways to deal with economic obstacles. How to be ready for a financial crisis? How to reduce the negative consequences of the recession? State your ideas clearly and structure them wisely.
Ways to reduce the unemployment level . Examine the causes and effects of unemployment. What would be possible mechanisms of dealing with the issue of lack of working places in a country? Explore the concept of the natural unemployment level and consider it while developing your project.
Business establishment. Imagine you are planning to open a company. Applying economic concepts, develop a business plan for your enterprise. Organize the funds’ distribution within a company. What macroeconomic concepts should be used for this project

A business establishment is a location where a business is conducted.

Inflation vs. deflation. Investigate the positive and negative sides of inflation and deflation. What causes more harm to the national economy? Develop a strategic plan of dealing with the obstacles of inflation and deflation.
Overconsumption of goods: beneficial for the producers, bad for the environment. Comment on the problem of unreasonable goods’ purchases. Why don’t people consider the lack of environmental resources while buying useless stuff? Develop a mechanism to control the consumption of the products to save the environment.

👩‍💻 Macroeconomics Topics for Research

Different forms of currency regimes and their impact on economic determinants.
The implications of internet-banking on bank profitability.
The trickle-down economics definition and aspects .
Effects of increasing interest rates in Africa.
The structure, history, and activities of the World Bank.
Analysis of economic indicators for the United States and South Korea.
The impact of demographic fluctuations within a country on its economic performance.
The importance of the governmental support of small and medium businesses.
The causes of economic inequality, poverty of underdeveloped countries.
Macroeconomic implications of the healthcare sector development.
The real exchange rate and the nominal exchange rate. Conduct research and analyze the differences between real and nominal exchange rates. What are the reasons for utilizing a real exchange rate? Support your ideas with arguments and appropriate examples.
Theory of effective demand. Explore the significance of a balanced demand for the global economy. What place does Keynesianism take in this theory? For convenience, demonstrate your findings in the graphs.
The bright future of the economy of ASEAN countries . Explain how the ASEAN (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations) can become a leading economic force globally. What opportunities and benefits do these countries have? Using economic thinking, suggest the right direction for the economic growth of ASEAN countries.

ASEAN is fast becoming a major economic force in Asia.

How the Coronavirus outbreak affected stock prices and growth expectations? The worldwide pandemic noticeably weakened international economic performance. Discuss the adverse effects of COVID-19 on stock prices. What strategies did the governments implement to maintain a stable financial situation in a country?
The impact of immigration on the national economy. What are the positive and negative effects of immigration? Develop an economic strategy to reduce the drawback of immigration on the national economy and maximize the benefits.

✍️ Macroeconomics Topics for Term Paper

Unemployment rate as the most prominent national economy challenge .
The nation’s budget deficit and how it relates to economic theory and crisis .
Market elasticity in the banking industry.
Minimum wages and their effects on the hospitality industry .
New liquidity standards and implications.
Corporate entrepreneurship and new business venturing.
Economic factors on the stock market.
The threat of Norwegian commercial banks for the economic stability of a country.
Indicators of the upcoming recession and the strategies to prevent it.
Influence of consumers’ tastes and preferences on market growth.
The economy of France: five key macroeconomic variables . Provide a brief background of France’s economy and the overview of five variables. Analyze of the country’s economy. What would be some possible policy recommendations? Provide graphs, charts, or tables if necessary.
Strategies for raising the country’s per capita gross domestic product. Explore the possible ways to increase the GDP per capita. How will the rise of GDP stimulate the country’s economic growth? Provide clear arguments to support your opinion.
The benefits of investments in innovative technologies . Explain why business owners should invest in innovations. How will it help them to increase the profitability of the companies? Examine the future of economics. Will the high-quality production be possible without modern technologies?
Profit maximization strategies. Analyze the existing ways of maximizing the firms’ profit. What are the benefits and drawbacks of these strategies? Develop your profit-maximizing method. What macroeconomic principles and theories would you use for it? State your ideas clearly and provide examples to support your position.

A classic profit-maximizing strategy is skim pricing.

Globalization: an opportunity or a threat to the international economy? Analyze the positive and negative effects of globalization. What obstacles does globalization cause to small entrepreneurial organizations? How does globalization influence huge corporations? Present bright examples to solidify your ideas.

🔥 20 More Hot Topics in Macroeconomics

Did you look through our ideas and still unsure of which one to select? Then, take a look at the following section. Here, you can find the most popular and effective macroeconomics paper topics. Use one of the ideas from this list, and don’t worry that it will be inappropriate.

International political economy perspectives.
An invisible network of demand and supply.
Factors affecting marketing and production decisions.
The impact of monetary policy on economic stabilization.
Behavioral finance and economics.
Elasticity and its crucial role in business development.
Sustainability and trends of the global trade imbalance.
Financial economics for infrastructure and fiscal policy.
The ways to increase the stockholders’ equities after the settlement of liabilities.
Core-Econ: what economic data offers this online platform?
The causes and effects of inflationary and deflationary gaps.
The most effective ways to reach market equilibrium.
The application of the macroeconomic concepts in real-life situations.
Price discrimination problem. Introduce the phenomenon of price discrimination in the modern economic environment. What are the causes of the problem? What are the possible solutions? After the problem is solved, suggest future directions to prevent further concerns about price discrimination.
The impact of the governmental regulations on the national economy. This is a topic of multiple-purpose. Are you searching for an idea for a term paper, presentation, or a capstone project? Then use this topic. It is quite relatable and offers a wide variety of sources to explore.
The impact of biology progress on economic growth . Explain how biological innovations improve the production capacities of firms. What impact do such changes have on the healthcare, food, and agricultural industries? Refer to statistical data from reliable sources to support your ideas.
Economic ethics . Analyze the progress of economic ethics from middle ages to contemporary times. Why is the following of moral rules while developing a business essential? Provide solid arguments and clear examples to prove your position.
The importance of GDP for investors. Explain how investors make their decisions based on the GDP of a country. What factors do the investors take into consideration while investing money?

Investors pay attention to the GDP because it can affect the stock market.

Unemployment and inflation rates correlation. Explore the relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short-run and the long-run. Why do the outcomes of their correlation are different in the short-run and long-run? Refer to the Philips curve line graph to demonstrate your findings.
Securities market structures. There are four types of securities market structures: – Quote-driven markets – Order-driven markets – Hybrid markets – Brokered markets Compare and contrast them. What structure is the most transparent and effective? How to minimize the risks of the securities market collapse?
What Is Macroeconomics in Economics?
What Are Macroeconomics and Examples?
What Are the Five Macroeconomics?
What Are the Four Main Factors of Macroeconomics?
Which Is the Main Objective of Macroeconomics?
Why Is Macroeconomics Important?
What Are the Primary Tools of Macroeconomics?
How Do Macroeconomics Factors Affect SMEs?
How Does the Study of Microeconomics Differ From That of Macroeconomics?
How Does Macroeconomics Affect Business?
How Does Macroeconomics Affect Managerial Decision Making?
How Well Can the New Open Economy Macroeconomics Explain the Exchange Rate?
What Can Civil Society Expect From Academic Macroeconomics?
What’s Wrong With Modern Macroeconomics?
What Does the Entrepreneurial Problem Reveal About Keynesian Macroeconomics?
What Are the Consequences for Macroeconomics During the Past 60 Years?
Where Did Modern Macroeconomics Go Wrong?
Which Way Forward for Macroeconomics and Policy Analysis?
Why Does Macroeconomics Not Supervene on Microeconomics?
Will the New Keynesian Macroeconomics Resurrect the IS-LM Model?
Does Akerlof and Shiller’s Animal Spirits Provide a Helpful New Approach to Macroeconomics?
Does Macroeconomics Need Microeconomic Foundations?
How Macroeconomics Different From Microeconomics?
How Can Macroeconomists Use Microeconomic Theory to Guide Them in Their Work?
Macroeconomics: Should the Minimum Wage Increase?
Macroeconomics: What Are the Main Causes of Unemployment in an Economy?

🔨 Tricks to Nail a Macroeconomics Paper

You are likely to have a general idea of essay writing. A thesis statement, five-paragraph structure, and arguments with supporting evidence are all part of it. Your paper on macroeconomics will probably follow the same old formula as well. However, we found a few tricks that will make the writing process less complicated. They can be used for any paper on macroeconomics.

Find out the type of assignment beforehand. The structure of the project will differ drastically from that of the research paper. If it’s an essay, determine whether its an argumentative, informative, cause and effect, etc. Follow the structure If you need to prepare a presentation. Make appropriate slides to help the audience get your ideas. But remember to make the PowerPoint presentation professional. Use a readable font and suitable design to impress your listeners.
academic style;
suitable writing formats;
reliable sources;
proper citations.
Change the central idea. The first viewpoint that comes to your mind can be erroneous. Any piece of academic writing requires a thought-out message. If you’re not sure what to state in your thesis, search for another macroeconomic topic for a paper. And don’t be afraid of changing it if necessary. Remember, a well-developed central idea is a key to a high grade. So, take enough time to compose a strong thesis statement.
Research before writing. Macroeconomics is a broad field, so you have to make sure you see all the angles of the issue. Look for related macroeconomic topics or overlapping areas of study. If needed, improve your research question or change the perspective of your research. Make sure to select only credible sources. And don’t forget to cite them properly. Are you unsure about formatting requirements? Double-check the rules of the writing format you use.
Outline your paper. Any writing guide will tell you that this is a great way to ensure the logical order. A well-developed outline will help you to structure your paper correctly. Thus, the readers will get your ideas without any difficulties. Moreover, fixing it is easier than the written text. So, don’t skip this step. By spending some time on outlining, you will save a lot of time on writing.
Set out the size of each part. Remember that the introduction and conclusion must be shorter than the body. Moreover, the central part of your paper has to be divided into several sections. Use a separate body paragraph for each key point. A long and complicated text unit will only distract the readers’ attention. So, each part should follow its purpose and deliver the idea effectively.
Find examples . Appropriate examples always improve the quality of a paper. Firstly, the readers understand the ideas more deeply when the writer presents the illustrations. Secondly, well-selected cases establish the credibility of a document. So, you can use them for reference. But be careful. To avoid confusion, make sure you provide suitable and relatable examples.
Use online grammar correctors. We are not robots, and we make mistakes. That’s natural! Fortunately, we have an opportunity to use online grammar correctors. Such tools will ensure you haven’t missed an error while proofreading. One of the most useful and efficient ones is Grammarly . Besides correcting your spelling or grammar mistakes, it will also suggest style and vocabulary improvements. Why not use the benefits of correcting tools if there is such an opportunity?

Ask your friends or relatives to check an economic paper for you.

Thank you for visiting our page! We hope your article was helpful. Don’t forget to share your macroeconomic topics and essay writing tips with your friends!

🔗References

Macroeconomics: Economics and Finance, Khan Academy
Macroeconomics: Articles, Research, & Case Studies on Macroeconomics, HBS Working Knowledge
Top 100 Economics Blogs Of 2020: Prateek Agarwal, Economics Theory & News, Intelligent Economist
Hot Topics in the U.S. Economy: US Economy and News, The Balance
Writing Economics: Robert Neugeboren with Mireille Jacobson, Harvard University
Macroeconomics Essay: Bartleby
Organizing an Essay: Writing Advice by Jerry Plotnick, University College Writing Centre, University of Toronto
Academic Essay Writing, Some Guidelines: Department of Economics, Carleton University
Sample Business and Economics Essay: Research & Learning Online, Monash University
Macroeconomics: Britannica
Studies in Macroeconomic History: Cambridge Core, Cambridge University Press
14 Types of Essay Hooks with Samples And How to Write Them: EduPeet
Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

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20 Ethics Term Paper Topics That Will Land You the Best Grade

Smoking and the Effects of Smoking on People’s General Health
The Negative Effects of Alcohol Consumption for the Skin
Debate on the Pros and Cons of Assisted Suicide: Is It Moral or Immoral?
Cybersecurity and the Effects It Has on People’s Privacy Online
Do Men and Women Have Equal Right in Today’s Modern Society?
Organic Foods and the Unprecedented Benefits They Have on Our Lifestyles
How ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) Is Affecting the Way Students Learn
How Plagiarism is Hindering a Student’s Academic Success
The Detrimental Effects of Air Pollution in Major Cities Worldwide
How to Combat Discrimination Among People with AIDS/HIV
Erasing the Dietary Supplements Stigma & How to Include Supplements into Your Diet without Jeopardizing Your Health
Strategies to Combat or Prevent Obesity in Youngsters: How Junk Food Can Destroy Your Body In the Long-Term
Controversial Aspects of Advanced Technology on Today’s Young Generation
Is Depression an Actual Disease or Just a Mood Disorder? Debunking the Myths that Depression Is Not an Illness
A Comprehensive Analysis of Damaging UV Rays for the Skin
Common Myths and Facts about the Internet of Things (IoT)
Should Animals Be Tested to Make Hair and Skin Products Safer?
Is Massive Immigration to Blame for Today’s Most Violent Terrorist Attacks?
How Social Media Can Affect Teenagers’ Self Esteem
Governmental Corruption and The Unethical Behavior of People in Power – Increased Power Comes with Great Responsibility

Landing a nice grade on an ethical term paper is a lot easier than most students think. The secret ingredient is to choose an interesting topic and make sure that all the claims that you make are backed by solid proof. The 20 ethics term paper topics we’ve presented should definitely pique your interest. Choose the one that’s the most attention-grabbing and you’ll definitely manage to wow your professors. Focus on facts and don’t beat around the bush. The more accurate you can be the higher the chances you have to set yourself apart from your colleagues.

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Term Paper Topics on Economics

Here is a compilation of term paper topics on ‘Economics’ especially written for commerce and management students.

Term Paper on the Supply of Goods

Term Paper Topic # 1. Definition of Economics:

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It is necessary to define the subject which we want to study. Definition of a subject facilitates the understanding of its meaning, nature, characteristics and limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to begin the study of economics with its definition.

But it is difficult to provide a universally accepted definition of economics because the economists are divided on the question of definition of economics. J.N. Keynes remarked, “Political economy is said to have been strangled itself with definitions.” Mrs. Barabara Wooten has said, “Where six economists are gathered, there are seven definitions.”

Though the dispute of definition of economics has not yet come to an end, even an analytical study of all the available definitions is necessary to arrive at a conclusion.

Available definitions of economics can be divided into four parts:

I—Wealth Definitions.

II—Welfare Definitions.

III—Scarcity Definitions.

IV—Growth Definitions.

I. Wealth Definitions:

Early classical economists defined economics as the science of wealth. Adam Smith, J.B. Say, F.A. Walker and other contemporary economists of 18th and early 19th centuries are the economists who defined economics as that part of knowledge which is related with wealth.

According to Them:

1. “Political Economy is a study of the nature and causes of the wealth of nations.”—Adam Smith

2. “Economics is the science which treats of wealth.” —J.B. Say

3. “Economics is that body of knowledge which relates to wealth.” —FA. Walker

Salient Features of Wealth Definitions:

Important features of wealth definitions may be summarised as follows:

1. Central point of the subject matter of economics is wealth.

2. Wealth occupies more important place than man.

3. Wealth is the only base of human pleasure.

4. An ordinary man is an economic man who performs economic activities motivated by his ‘self’ only.

5. Individual prosperity adds to national wealth and prosperity.

Criticisms of Wealth Definitions:

Wealth definitions have been sharply criticised on following grounds:

1. Wealth has been more emphasised than man. These definitions have confined economics to ‘gespel of mamon’, ‘science of bread and butter’, ‘a dismal science’.

2. These definitions imagined an ‘economic man.’ According to these economists, wealth is the only motivating force for all human activities. But this is wrong. A man is motivated by social feelings also, apart from wealth.

3. These definitions use the term ‘wealth’ in a narrow sense. According to these definitions, wealth includes only material goods. The fact is that wealth means all the goods and services that have utility, scarcity and transferability.

II. Welfare Definitions:

Alfred Marshall was the first economist to set at rest the criticisms of wealth definitions. He emphasised that man is not for wealth but wealth is for man. The view of Prof. Marshall was supported by Prof. Pigou, Cannon and Clark, etc.

According to Him:

“Economics is a study of mankind is the ordinary business of life. It examines that part of social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and with the use of material requisites of wellbeing.”

On the basis of above definition, it can be concluded that according to Prof. Marshall Economics is the study of material welfare of mankind.

Salient Features of Welfare Definitions:

1. Economics is the Study of Ordinary Business of Life:

Economics is the study of ordinary business of life. Ordinary business of life relates to those activities which are performed by an ordinary man for earning and using his income.

2. Economics is a Social Science:

Economics is a social science. It studies the economic problems of those individuals only who live in a well organised society.

3. Economics Studies only the Economic Activities:

Economics studies only those economic activities that promote material welfare of human being. Thus, non- economic activities are not included in the scope of economics.

4. Dominance of Man:

Welfare definitions have emphasised upon the importance of man. According to Prof. Marshall, man is not for wealth, wealth is for man. According to him, wealth is only a means and not an end. End is human welfare.

5. Economics is Both a Science and an Art:

According to Prof. Marshall, economics is a science as well as an art. Economics is a positive science because it studies the principles of human life in a systematic manner. It is a normative science also because it attempts at attaining material welfare. It is an art also because it develops the methods of attaining human welfare.

Criticisms of Welfare Definitions:

For a long time, welfare definitions of economics were accepted without criticisms and it was being felt that the problem of defining economics has come to an end. But this situation could not continue forever. In 1932, Prof. Lionel Robbins broke new grounds in defining economics in his book ‘The Nature and Significance of Economic Science’.

Some of the important criticisms of welfare definitions are as follows:

1. The Classification of Human Activities into Economic and Non-Economic is Impracticable:

Welfare definitions classify human activities into economic and non- economic. Prof. Robbins was of the view that such distinction of human activities is illusory and impracticable because all human activities have an economic aspect.

2. The Classification of Material and Immaterial Welfare is Impracticable:

According to welfare definitions, economics is the science of material welfare. Prof. Robbins criticised this view on the ground that it is wrong to differentiate between material and immaterial welfare. He was of the view that human welfare is associated with both the material and immaterial means of welfare.

3. Economics is a Human Science, and not only a Social Science:

According to Prof. Marshall, economics is only a social science but the critics are of the view that it is a human science also not only a social science. Many laws of economics apply on those people also who do not live in well-organised society.

4. Illusory Meaning of Ordinary Business of Life:

According to Prof. Robbins, human activities cannot be classified as ordinary and extraordinary. Secondly, the study of economics cannot be confined to ordinary business of the life only because the activities of extra-ordinary business of life such as war, monopoly, imperfect competition etc., are essentially the subject matter of economics.

5. Welfare Definitions make Economics a Normative Science:

Prof. Robbins criticised welfare definitions on the ground that these definitions have made economics a normative science. He believed that it is not proper to relate economics with welfare. He remarked, “Whatever economics is concerned with, it is not concerned with the causes of material welfare as such.” According to him, economics is a positive science.

6. Narrow Scope of Economics:

Prof. Robbins criticised welfare definitions on the ground that these definitions have narrowed the scope of economics by excluding non-economic, immaterial and unsocial activities.

III. Scarcity Definitions:

Prof. Lionel Robbins not only criticised welfare definitions but also proceeded to give a new definition to economics. He gave his definition in his book ‘Nature and Significance of Economic Science’ published in 1932. According to him, “Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.”

The views of Prof. Robbins were fully supported by many famous economists including Eric Roll, Cairn-cross, Friedman and Stigler etc.

Salient Features of Scarcity Definitions:

1. Human Wants are Unlimited:

Human wants are unlimited and the intensity of all the wants is different. Though a particular want can be satisfied at a particular time but as soon as one wants is satisfied, another crop up. Thus, a man is always surrounded by his wants. He can never satisfy all of his wants. Therefore, the need arises to choose between more and less urgent wants. It gives rise to the economic problems.

2. Means to Satisfy Human Wants are Scarce:

The resources available with every person are limited therefore; he is to choose rationally between limited resources and unlimited wants. A man has to decide which want to satisfy and which to leave. Then he is to decide which want should be satisfied first and which after some time. He has to see how best he can use his limited resources.

3. Scarce Resources have Alternative Uses:

The problem of unlimited wants and scarce resources becomes more serious because of the fact that scarce resources have alternative uses. These resources can be put to several alternative uses. If we want to use the given resources for a particular use, all other alternative uses of these resources will have to be given up. It gives rise to the problem of choice and a man has to choose the best possible uses of his resources.

4. Economics is a Human Science:

According to Prof. Robbins, economics is a human science. It studies the activities of all the persons, whether they are or they are not a part of society.

5. Economics is a Positive Science:

According to Prof. Robbins, economics is a positive science. According to him, economics is the science of resources and is not concerned with ends.

6. Analytical:

Scarcity definitions of economics are analytical. According to these definitions, economics studies the aspects related with choice and human activities. It is not confined to the study of some particular types of activities.

Criticisms of Scarcity Definitions:

Scarcity definitions have been criticised by many economists.

Important criticisms of these definitions are as under:

1. Economics is not only a Positive Science:

According to Prof. Robbins, economics is a positive science. But many economists like, Souter, Parson and Macfic etc., regard economics as a positive and normative science both.

2. Economics cannot be Neutral between Ends:

According to Prof. Robbins, economics is neutral between ends but it is not a real implication. Economics is concerned with human behaviour and therefore, it cannot be neutral between ends.

3. Economics without the Concept of Welfare and Measuring Rod of Money:

The definition of Prof. Robbins has been criticised on the ground that it establishes economics without the concept of welfare and measuring rod of money. The reality is that all the human activities are motivated to get welfare. Similarly, the science of economics is incomplete without measuring rod of money.

4. Economics is not only a Value Theory:

According to Prof. Robbins, economics is the study of allocation of resources. Thus, according to Robbins, economics has been confined only to a theory of value but the scope of economics is much wider than the allocation of resources and price theory. It should include the study of national income and employment also.

5. Economics is not only Micro Analysis:

According to Prof. Robbins, economics is concerned with individual behaviour of satisfying unlimited wants with scarce resources having alternative uses. Thus, economics has been confined to micro analysis only. But it is not true.

6. Robbins has Restricted and Widened the Scope of Economics:

Prof. Robbins has widened the scope of economics by giving his definition in terms of the problem of scarcity and choice. The problem of choice applies on all the human activities but all these cannot be included in the scope of economics.

7. Economics is not only a Science but an Art also:

According to Prof. Robbins, economics is only a science which aims at formulating economic principles only. But this is not a reality. These principles should be implemented properly for the welfare of human beings. Thus, economics is an art also.

8. Robbins has Imagined a Very Rational Man:

According to the definition of Prof. Robbins, a man allocated his scarce resources most efficiently so that he may satisfy most of his wants. Thus, Prof. Robbins imagines that a man always behaves rationally. But the practical experience of life does not prove this imagination.

IV. Growth Definitions:

Modern economists define economics in following manner:

“Economics is the study of how man and society choose, with or without the use of money, to employ scarce productive resources which could have alternative uses, to produce various commodities over time and distribute them for consumption now and in the future among various people and groups of society.”

Thus, modern economists regard economics much more broadly. According to them, economics is concerned with suggesting the ways and means in which the available resources can be allocated rationally and in which these resources can be further increased so that maximum satisfaction of wants may be assured.

Comparison between the Definitions of Marshall and Robbins:

Which of the definitions of Prof. Marshall and Prof. Robbins is better is an alive controversy. Both the definitions are based upon different views.

A comparison of these definitions reveals the following facts:

1. The definition of Prof. Robbins is more scientific than that of Prof. Marshall because it provides a scientific base to the study of economics in the form of scarcity and choice.

2. The definition of Prof. Robbins is more logical than that of Prof. Marshall because it highlights a reality of life that human wants are unlimited and the resources to satisfy these wants are limited, that too with alternative uses.

3. According to Prof. Marshall, economics is only a social science but according to Prof. Robbins, economics is a human science.

4. According to Prof. Marshall, economics studies only the economic activities while according to Prof. Robbins, economics studies both the economic and non-economic activities.

5. According to Prof. Marshall, economics aims at increasing human welfare while according to Prof. Robbins economics is not concerned with human welfare.

6. According to Prof. Marshall, economics is both the science and art. According to Prof. Robbins economics is only a positive science and not an art.

7. The definition of Prof. Marshall is classificatory while the definition of Prof. Robbins is analytical.

Thus, it may be concluded that no definition of these two can be regarded as better. Theoretically, the views of Prof. Robbins are more justified but practically the views of Prof. Marshall are more practical.

Term Paper Topic # 2. Meaning of Micro Economics :

The subject-matter of economics has been divided into two parts Micro Economics and Macro Economics. These terms were first coined and used by Ragnar Frisch and have now been adopted by the economists all the world over. The term Micro Economics is derived from the Greek word mikros, meaning “small” and the term Macro Economics is derived from the Greek word makros, meaning “large.”

Thus Micro Economics deals with the analysis of small individual units of the economy such as individual consumers, individual firms and small aggregates or groups of individual units such as various industries and markets. On the other hand, Macro Economics concerns itself with the analysis of the economy as a whole and its large aggregates such as, total national output and income, total employment, total consumption, aggregate investment.

Thus, according to K.E. Boulding, “Micro Economics is the study of particular firms, particular households, individual prices, wages, incomes, individual industries, particular commodities.”

About Macro Economics he remarks, “Macro Economics deals not with individual quantities as such but with aggregates of these quantities not with individual incomes but with the national income; not with individual prices but with the price level; not with individual outputs but with the national output.”

From this some idea about the distinction between Micro and Macro Economics can be obtained but a full analytical distinction between the two is made clear.

Term Paper Topic # 3. Importance and Uses of Micro Economics :

Micro Economics occupies a vital place in economics and it has both theoretical and practical importance. It is highly helpful in the formulation of economic policies that will promote the welfare of the masses. Till recently, especially before Keynesian revolution, the body of economics consisted mainly of Micro Economics.

Despite the popularity of Macro Economics these days, Micro Economics retains its importance, theoretical as well as practical. It is Micro Economics that tells us how a free-market economy with its millions of consumers and producers works to decide about the allocation of productive resources among thousands of goods and services.

As Professor Watson says, “Micro Economic theory explains the composition or allocation of total production, why more of some things are produced than of others.” He further remarks that Micro Economic theory has many uses. The greatest of these is depth in understanding of how a free private enterprise economy operates.

Further, it tells us how the goods and services produced are distributed among the various people for consumption through price or market mechanism. It shows how the relative prices of various products and factors are formed, that is, why the price of cloth is what it is and why the wages of an engineer are what they are and so on.

Moreover, as described above , Micro Economic theory explains the conditions of efficiency in consumption and production and highlights the factors which are responsible for the departure from the efficiency or economic optimum. On the basis of this, Micro Economic theory suggests suitable policies to promote economic efficiency and welfare of the people.

Thus, not only does Micro Economic theory describe the actual operation of the economy, it has also a normative role in that it suggests policies to eradicate “inefficiency” from the economic system so as to maximize the satisfaction or welfare of the people. The usefulness and importance of Micro Economics has been nicely stated by Professor Lerner.

He writes, “Micro Economic theory facilitates the understanding of what would be a hopelessly complicated confusion of billions of facts by constructing simplified models of behaviour which are sufficiently similar to the actual phenomena to be of help in understanding them.”

These models at the same time enable the economists to explain the degree to which the actual phenomena depart from certain ideal constructions that would most completely achieve individual and social objectives. They thus help not only to describe the actual economic situation but to suggest policies that would most successfully and most efficiently bring about desired results and to predict the outcomes of such policies and other events. Economics thus has descriptive, normative and predictive aspects.

Micro Economic analysis is also usefully applied to the various applied branches of economics such as Public Finance, and International Economics. It is the Micro Economic analysis which is used to explain the factors which determine the distribution of the incidence or burden of a commodity tax between producers or sellers on the one hand and the consumers on the other.

Further, Micro Economic analysis is applied to show the damage done to the social welfare or economic efficiency by the imposition of a tax. If it is assumed that resources are optimally allocated or maximum social welfare prevails before the imposition of a tax, then it can be demonstrated by Micro Economic analysis that what amount of the damage will be caused to the social welfare by levying direct or indirect taxes.

The imposition of a tax on a commodity (i.e., indirect tax) will lead to the loss of social welfare by causing deviation from the optimum allocation of resources, while the imposition of a direct tax (for example, income tax) will not disturb the optimum resource allocation and therefore will not result in loss of social welfare.

Further, microeconomic analysis is applied to show the gain from international trade and to explain the factors which determine the distribution of this gain among the participant countries. Besides, Micro Economics finds application in the various other problems of international economics.

Whether devaluation will succeed in correcting the disequilibrium in the balance of payments depends upon the elasticities of demand and supply of exports and imports. Furthermore, the determination of the foreign exchange rate of a currency, if it is free to vary, depends upon the demand and supply of that currency.

We thus see that Micro Economic analysis is very useful and important branch of modern economic theory.

Term Paper Topic # 4. Meaning of Macro Economics :

The word Macro is derived from the Greek word ‘makros’ meaning ‘large’ and therefore macroeconomics is concerned with the economic activity in the large. Macro Economics analyses the behaviour of the whole economic system in totality or entirety.

In other words, Macro Economics studies the behaviour of the large aggregates such as total employment, the national product or income, the general price level in the economy. Therefore, Macro Economics is also known as aggregative economics. Macro Economics analyses and establishes the functional relationship between these large aggregates.

Thus Professor Boulding says, “Macro Economics deals not with individual quantities as such but with the aggregates of these quantities; not with individual incomes but with the national income; not with individual prices but with the price level; not with individual outputs but with the national output.”

In his other famous work “Economic Analysis”, he similarly remarks, “Macro Economics, then, is that part of the subject which deals with great aggregates and averages of the system rather than with particular items in it and attempts to define these aggregates in a useful manner and to examine their relationships.”

Professor Gardner Ackley makes the distinction between the-two types more clear and specific when he says, “Macro Economics concerns itself with such variables as the aggregate volume of the output of an economy, with the extent to which its resources are employed, with the size of the national income, with the “general price level.” Micro Economics, on the other hand, deals with the division of total output among industries, products and firms and the allocation of resources among competing uses. It considers problems of income distribution. Its interest is in relative prices of particular goods and services.”

Macro Economics should be carefully distinguished from Micro Economics. It should be noted that Micro Economics also does deal with some “aggregates” but not of the type with which Macro Economics is concerned. Micro Economics examines the behaviour of an industry in regard to the determination of its product-price, output and employment, and an industry is an aggregate of the various firms producing the same or similar product.

Likewise, Micro Economic theory seeks to explain the determination of price of a product through the interaction of the market demand and market supply for a product. Market demand for a product is the aggregate of the individual demands of all consumers wishing to buy the product and the market supply of a product is the aggregate of the productions of many firms producing that product. Similarly, demand for and supply of labour in an industry of a city through which Micro Economics explains wage determination are aggregative concepts.

But the aggregates with which macroeconomics is concerned are of somewhat different variety. Macroeconomics concerns itself with these aggregates which relate to the whole economy. Macro Economics also discusses the sub-aggregates of the large aggregates relating to the whole economy, but these sub-aggregates, unlike the aggregates of Micro Economics which examines aggregates relating to a particular product, a particular industry or a particular market, cut across various products and industries. For example, the total production of consumer goods (i.e., total consumption) and the total production of capital goods (i.e., total investment) are two important sub-aggregates dealt with in Macro Economics but these aggregates are not confined to a single product or a single industry but instead they refer to all industries producing consumer goods and all industries producing capital goods.

Moreover, the sub-aggregates, add up to an aggregate for the whole economy. For instance, total consumption and total investment, two important sub-aggregates in Macro Economics, together constitute the total national product. Likewise, the total wage income (i.e., total share of labour) and total profits (defined as total property income ) add up to the national income.

Professor Ackley thus says, “Macro Economics also uses aggregates smaller than for the whole economy but only in a context which makes them sub-divisions of an economy-wide total. Micro Economics also uses aggregates, but not in a context which relates them to an economy-wide total.”

Term Paper Topic # 5. Why a Separate Study of Macro Economics: Macro Economic Paradoxes :

Now an important question which arises is why a separate study of the economic system as a whole or its large aggregates is necessary. Can’t we generalise about the behaviour of the economic system as a whole or about the behaviour of large aggregates such as aggregate consumption, aggregate saving, and aggregate investment from the economic laws governing the behaviour patterns of the individual units found by Micro Economics.

In other words, can’t we obtain the laws governing Macro Economic variables such as total national product, total employment and total income, general price level, etc. by simply adding up, multiplying or averaging the results obtained from the behaviour of the individual firms and industries? The answer to this question is the behaviour of the economic system as a whole or the Macro Economic aggregates is not merely a matter of addition or multiplication or averaging of what happens in the various individual parts of the whole.

As a matter of fact, in the economic system what is true of parts is not necessarily true of the whole. Therefore, the application of micro-approach to generalise about the behaviour of the economic system as a whole or Macro Economic aggregates is incorrect and may lead to misleading conclusions.

Therefore, a separate macro-analysis is needed to study the behaviour of the economic system as a whole in respect of various Macro Economic aggregates. When laws or generalisations are true of constituent individual parts but untrue and invalid in case of the whole economy, paradoxes seem to exist.

Various examples of macro-paradoxes (that is, what is true of parts is not true of the whole) can be given from the economic field. We shall give two such examples of saving and wages, on the basis of which Keynes laid stress on evolving and applying macroeconomic analysis as separate and distinct approach from Micro Economic analysis. Take saving first. Saving is always good for an individual, since they save for some purpose such as for old age, for education of their children, for purchasing durable things like houses and cars etc. in the future, for accumulation of money to start or expand business, for lending to others including banks to earn interest. But saving is not always good for the society as a whole.

If an economy is in the grip of depression and unemployment caused by the deficiency of aggregate effective demand, then the increase in savings by individuals (which are beneficial for them individually) will lead to the further fall in aggregate demand of the society and as a result the depression and unemployment will further increase. Thus saving which is always a virtue for individuals becomes, at times of depression and unemployment, a vice for the society. This has been called a paradox of thrift.

Another common example to prove that what is true for the individual may not be true for the society as a whole is the wage-employment relationship. Classical and neoclassical economists, especially A.C. Pigou, contended that the cut in money wages at times of depression and unemployment would lead to the increase in employment and thereby eliminate unemployment and depression.

Now, it is true that a cut in money wages in an individual industry leads to more employment in that industry. It is quite common place conclusion of Micro Economic theory that, given the demand curve for labour, at a lower wage more men will be employed. But for the society or economy as a whole this is highly misleading. If the wages are cut all-round in the economy, as was suggested by Pigou and others on the basis of wage-employment relationship in an industry, the aggregate demand for goods and services in the society will decline, since wages are incomes of the workers which constitute majority in the society.

The decline in aggregate demand will mean the decrease in demand for goods of many industries. Because the demand for labour is a derived demand, i.e. derived from the demand for goods, the fall in aggregate demand for goods will result in the decline in demand for labour which will create more unemployment rather than reduce it.

We thus see that the laws or generalisations which hold good for the behaviour of an individual consumer, firm or industry may be quite invalid and misleading when applied to the behaviour of the economic system as a whole. There is thus a fallacy of composition. This is so because what is true of individual components is not true of their collective whole. As mentioned above, these are called Macro Economic paradoxes and it is because of these paradoxes that a separate study of the economic system as a whole is essential.

We therefore conclude that a separate and distinct macro-economic analysis is essential if we want to understand the true working of the economic system as a whole. From this it should not be understood that microeconomic theory is worthless and should be abandoned.

As a matter of fact, microeconomics and macro-economics are complementary to each other rather than being competitive. The two types of theories deal with different subjects; one deals mainly with the explanation of relative prices of goods and factors and the other mainly with the short-run determination of income and employment of the society and its long-run growth. The study of both micro and macroeconomics is therefore necessary.

Term Paper Topic # 6. Interdependence between Micro and Macro Economics :

Actually Micro and Macro Economics are interdependent. The theories regarding the behaviour of some Macro Economic aggregates (but not all) are derived from theories of individual behaviour. For instance, the theory of investment, which is a part and parcel of the Macro Economic theory, is derived from the behaviour of individual entrepreneur.

According to this, an individual entrepreneur in his investment activity is governed by the expected rate of profit on the one hand and rate of interest on the other. And so is the aggregate investment function. Similarly, the theory of aggregate consumption function is based upon the behaviour patterns of individual consumers. It should be noted that we are able to draw aggregate investment function and aggregate consumption function because in this respect the behaviour of the aggregate is in no way different from the behaviour patterns of individual components.

Moreover, ‘ we can derive the behaviour of these aggregates only if either the composition of aggregates is constant or the composition changes in some regular way as the size of aggregates changes. From this it should not be understood that behaviour of all Macro Economic relationships is in conformity with behaviour patterns of individuals composing them. As we saw above, saving investment relationship, wage-employment relationship for the economic system as a whole are quite different from the corresponding relationships in case of individual parts.

Micro Economic theory contributes to Macro Economic theory in another way also. The theory of relative prices of products and factors is essential for explanation of the determination of general price level.

Even Keynes used Micro Economic theory to explain the rise in prices as a result of the increase in the money supply of the country. According to Keynes, when as a result of the increase in money supply and consequently the aggregate demand, more output is produced, the cost of production rises. With the rise in the cost of production, price rises.

According to Keynes, cost of production rises because of:

(1) The law of diminishing returns operates, and

(2) Ages and prices of raw materials may rise as the economy approaches full employment.

Now, the influences of cost of production, diminishing returns, etc., on the determination of prices are the parts of microeconomics.

The Dependence of Micro Economic on Macro Economics:

Not only does macroeconomics depend upon to some extent on Micro Economics, Micro Economics also depends upon to some extent on Macro Economics. The determination of the rate of profit and the rate of interest are well-known Micro Economic topics, but they greatly depend upon the Macro Economic aggregates.

In Micro Economic theory, the profits are regarded as reward for uncertainty bearing but Micro Economic theory fails to show the economic forces which determine the magnitude of profits earned by the entrepreneur and why there are fluctuations in them. The magnitude of profits depends upon the level of aggregate demand, national income, and the general price level in the economy.

We know that at times of depression when the levels of aggregate demand, national income and price level are low, the entrepreneurs in the various fields of the economy suffer losses. On the other hand, when aggregate demands, incomes of the people, the general price level go up and conditions of boom prevail, the entrepreneurs earn huge profits.

Now, take the case of the rate of interest. Strictly speaking the theory of the rate of interest has now become a subject of Macro Economic theory. Partial equilibrium theory of interest which belongs to Micro Economic theory would not reveal all the forces which take part in the determination of the rate of interest.

Keynes showed that the rate of interest is determined by the liquidity preference function and the stock (or supply) of money in the economy. The liquidity preference function and the stock of money in the economy are Macro Economic concepts. No doubt the Keynesian theory has also been shown to be indeterminate, but in the modern theory of interest Keynesian aggregative concepts of liquidity preference and stock of money play an important role in the determination of the rate of interest.

Moreover, in the modern interest theory (that is, LM and IS curves model) along with liquidity preference and the supply of money, the other two forces which are used to explain the determination of interest are saving and investment functions which are also conceived in aggregative or macro terms.

It is thus clear from above that the determination of the profits and rate of interest cannot be explained without the tools and concepts of Macro Economics. It follows that though Micro Economics and Macro Economics deal with different subjects, there is great interdependence between them.

In the explanation of many economic phenomena, both Micro and Macro Economic tools and concepts have to be applied. About interdependence between Micro Economics and Macro Economics, Professor Ackley’s remarks are worth quoting.

He says, “The relationship between Macro Economics and theory of individual behaviour is a two-way street. On the one hand, microeconomic theory should provide the building blocks for our aggregate theories. But Macro Economics may also contribute to Micro Economic understanding. If we discover, for example, empirically stable Macro Economic generalisations which appear inconsistent with Micro Economic theories, or which relate to aspects of behaviour which Micro Economics has neglected, Macro Economics may permit us to improve our understanding of individual behaviour.”

Term Paper Topic # 7. The Concept of Demand:

We study the theory of demand at two different levels — at the level of an individual consumer and at the market level. The market demand for a commodity is more important for determining the price of a commodity rather than individual demand.

The amount of a commodity that consumers wish to purchase is called the quantity demanded. The quantity demanded of a commodity is a desired flow. Various factors effect the quantity of a commodity demanded by a consumer. We study three types of demand in microeconomics: autonomous demand, joint demand and derived demand.

Most commodities are demanded for their own sake to satisfy a need or a desire. This is known as autonomous demand. Some commodities are jointly demanded such as motor car and petrol. One has no value without the other.

However, factors of production are not demanded for their own sake. The demand for a factor of production or input (such as land) is derived from the demand for a commodity (such as wheat). Thus, the demand for a factor is a derived (or, indirect) demand.

The Demand Function :

The demand function is a mathematical expression of the relationship between the quantity of a commodity demanded and its various determinants, such as the price of the commodity, the income of the buyer, the prices of relative goods (substitutes and complements), and the taste and preference of the buyer.

The market demand for a commodity also depends on the pattern of income distribution and the age composition of people.

The consumer’s demand functions show the optimal amounts of each of the goods that he desires to buy as a function of prices and income faced by the consumer.

The demand functions are expressed as:

x 1 = f 1 (p 1 , p 2 , m) and

x 2 = f 2 (p 1 , p 2 , m).

The left hand side of each equation shows the quantity of a commodity demanded. The right hand side of each equation is the function that relates the prices of two goods (p 1 and p 2 ) to income (m) to that quantity (x 1 or x 2 ). Since taste and preference cannot be measured, we have not included them in the above to demand functions.

If all variables shown on the right hand side of the above to equations change at the same time, it is not possible to know which factor exerts how much influence on x 1 or x 2 . This is why we vary one variable at a time. This is known as the ceteris paribus assumption.

Thus if we hold p 2 and m constant, then the quantity of x 1 demanded becomes a function of its own price and we can express the first demand function as:

x 1 = f 1 (p 1 ).

Similarly we can express the second demand function as:

x 2 = f 2 (p 2 )

If we hold p 1 and m constant. This is indeed the ceteris paribus assumption, which means other things being constant. Thus x 1 is a function of only p 1 p 2 and m remaining constant.

Term Paper Topic # 8. Supply of Goods :

The price of a commodity is determined both by demand and supply. Demand is half the story. The willingness and ability of suppliers to provide the good are equally important factors that must be weighed by decision makers in all societies. So we will now turn to the other side of the market, which is supply.

As in the case of demand, several factors are important to suppliers. One important factor is the own price of the good. Other things being equal, the quantity supplied will vary directly with the price of the good. This relationship is called the law of supply.

The relationship between price and quantity supplied is direct or positive. We may mention at the outset that by supply we mean the quantity of a commodity that suppliers will wish to offer for sale at a particular price.

The Supply Function :

The quantity supplied of a commodity is a function of various factors including its own price. The supply function shows the relationship between the quantity supplied of a commodity and its various determinants.

It may be expressed as:

Q s x = f (P x , P y , O, W, T, t, etc.), where

Q s x = quantity supplied of the commodity,

P x = price of the commodity,

P y = prices of other commodities which compete for the same resource,

O = objective (motivation) of the producers,

W = weather (acts of God),

T = technology and

T = time period.

Term Paper on Economics
Difference between Micro Economics and Macro Economics
Scarcity: Definition, Important Characteristics and Criticism
Economics: Definition, Criticisms, Scope and Problems

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An icon of the human body has medication icons around it, and also 4 nodes. The nodes expand to say “Time of Day, Muscle Mass, Genetics, and Drug Toxicity,” and show icons. The words “Height and Weight” appear next to the human body.

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When cancer patients undergo chemotherapy, the dose of most drugs is calculated based on the patient’s body surface area. This is estimated by plugging the patient’s height and weight into an equation, dating to 1916, that was formulated from data on just nine patients.

This simplistic dosing doesn’t take into account other factors and can lead to patients receiving either too much or too little of a drug. As a result, some patients likely experience avoidable toxicity or insufficient benefit from the chemotherapy they receive.

To make chemotherapy dosing more accurate, MIT engineers have come up with an alternative approach that can enable the dose to be personalized to the patient. Their system measures how much drug is in the patient’s system, and these measurements are fed into a controller that can adjust the infusion rate accordingly.

This approach could help to compensate for differences in drug pharmacokinetics caused by body composition, genetic makeup, chemotherapy-induced toxicity of the organs that metabolize the drugs, interactions with other medications being taken and foods consumed, and circadian fluctuations in the enzymes responsible for breaking down chemotherapy drugs, the researchers say.

“Recognizing the advances in our understanding of how drugs are metabolized, and applying engineering tools to facilitate personalized dosing, we believe, can help transform the safety and efficacy of many drugs,” says Giovanni Traverso, an associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, a gastroenterologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and the senior author of the study.

Louis DeRidder, an MIT graduate student, is the lead author of the paper , which appears today in the journal Med .

Continuous monitoring

In this study, the researchers focused on a drug called 5-fluorouracil, which is used to treat colorectal cancers, among others. The drug is typically infused over a 46-hour period, and the dosage is determined using a formula based on the patient’s height and weight, which gives the estimated body surface area.

However, that approach doesn’t account for differences in body composition that can affect how the drug spreads through the body, or genetic variations that influence how it is metabolized. Those differences can lead to harmful side effects, if too much drug is present. If not enough drug is circulating, it may not kill the tumor as expected.

“People with the same body surface area could have very different heights and weights, could have very different muscle masses or genetics, but as long as the height and the weight plugged into this equation give the same body surface area, their dose is identical,” says DeRidder, a PhD candidate in the Medical Engineering and Medical Physics program within the Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology.

Another factor that can alter the amount of drug in the bloodstream at any given time is circadian fluctuations of an enzyme called dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which breaks down 5-fluorouracil. DPD’s expression, like many other enzymes in the body, is regulated on a circadian rhythm. Thus, the degradation of 5-FU by DPD is not constant but changes according to the time of the day. These circadian rhythms can lead to tenfold fluctuations in the amount of 5-fluorouracil in a patient’s bloodstream over the course of an infusion.

“Using body surface area to calculate a chemotherapy dose, we know that two people can have profoundly different toxicity from 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Looking at one patient, they can have cycles of treatment with minimal toxicity and then have a cycle with miserable toxicity. Something changed in how that patient metabolized chemo from one cycle to the next. Our antiquated dosing fails to capture that change, and patients suffer as a result,” says Douglas Rubinson, a clinical oncologist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and an author of the paper.

One way to try to counteract the variability in chemotherapy pharmacokinetics is a strategy called therapeutic drug monitoring, in which the patient gives a blood sample at the end of one treatment cycle. After this sample is analyzed for the drug concentration, the dosage can be adjusted, if needed, at the beginning of the next cycle (usually two weeks later for 5-fluorouracil). This approach has been shown to result in better outcomes for patients, but it is not widely used for chemotherapies such as 5-fluorouracil.

The MIT researchers wanted to develop a similar type of monitoring, but in a manner that is automated and enables real-time drug personalization, which could result in better outcomes for patients. In their “closed-loop” system, drug concentrations can be continually monitored, and that information is used to automatically adjust the infusion rate of the chemotherapy drug and keep the dose within the target range. Such a closed-loop system enables personalization of the drug dose in a manner that considers circadian rhythm changes in the levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes, as well as any changes in the patient’s pharmacokinetics since their last treatment, such as chemotherapy-induced toxicity of the organs that metabolize the drugs.

The new system they designed, known as CLAUDIA (Closed-Loop AUtomated Drug Infusion regulAtor), makes use of commercially available equipment for each step. Blood samples are taken every five minutes and rapidly prepared for analysis. The concentration of 5-fluorouracil in the blood is measured and compared to the target range. The difference between the target and measured concentration is input to a control algorithm, which then adjusts the infusion rate if necessary, to keep the dose within the range of concentrations between which the drug is effective and nontoxic.

“What we’ve developed is a system where you can constantly measure the concentration of drug and adjust the infusion rate accordingly, to keep the drug concentration within the therapeutic window,” DeRidder says.

Rapid adjustment

In tests in animals, the researchers found that using CLAUDIA, they could keep the amount of drug circulating in the body within the target range around 45 percent of the time. Drug levels in animals that received chemotherapy without CLAUDIA remained in the target range only 13 percent of the time, on average. In this study, the researchers did not do any tests of the effectiveness of the drug levels, but keeping the concentration within the target window is believed to lead to better outcomes and less toxicity.

CLAUDIA was also able to keep the dose of 5-fluorouracil within the target range even when the researchers administered a drug that inhibits the DPD enzyme. In animals that received this inhibitor without continuous monitoring and adjustment, levels of 5-fluorouracil increased by up to eightfold.

For this demonstration, the researchers manually performed each step of the process, using off-the-shelf equipment, but they now plan to work on automating each step so that the monitoring and dose adjustment can be done without any human intervention.

To measure drug concentrations, the researchers used high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS), a technique that could be adapted to detect nearly any type of drug.

“We foresee a future where we’re able to use CLAUDIA for any drug that has the right pharmacokinetic properties and is detectable with HPLC-MS, thereby enabling the personalization of dosing for many different drugs,” DeRidder says.

The research was funded by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, a MathWorks Fellowship, MIT’s Karl van Tassel Career Development Professorship, the MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Bridge Project, a partnership between the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT and the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center.

Other authors of the paper include Kyle A. Hare, Aaron Lopes, Josh Jenkins, Nina Fitzgerald, Emmeline MacPherson, Niora Fabian, Josh Morimoto, Jacqueline N. Chu, Ameya R. Kirtane, Wiam Madani, Keiko Ishida, Johannes L. P. Kuosmanen, Naomi Zecharias, Christopher M. Colangelo, Hen-Wei Huang, Makaya Chilekwa, Nikhil B. Lal, Shriya S. Srinivasan, Alison M Hayward, Brian M. Wolpin, David Trumper, Troy Quast, and Robert Langer.

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University Libraries acquires papers of Brown School’s Jack Kirkland

University Archives at Washington University in St. Louis recently acquired the papers of Jack Arnett Kirkland, an associate professor in the Brown School and an internationally known scholar who writes, lectures and consults on the African American family and social and economic development. The collection documents his long career at WashU and is a valuable piece of university history, including early material from the Black Studies program.

The collection includes a wide variety of materials. One series is Kirkland’s teaching material consisting of syllabi from various classes and his teaching notes. Another series is Black Studies program Material, which includes Black student guides from the early 1970s, program brochures and publicity. Kirkland is a prolific writer and the collection includes his articles, reports, speeches and more. His professional correspondence dates from the 1960s through the 2000s and includes information about his teaching, work with the community and his time as director of the Missouri Department of Transportation.

To learn more, visit the University Libraries website .

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What the data says about crime in the U.S.

A growing share of Americans say reducing crime should be a top priority for the president and Congress to address this year. Around six-in-ten U.S. adults (58%) hold that view today, up from 47% at the beginning of Joe Biden’s presidency in 2021.

We conducted this analysis to learn more about U.S. crime patterns and how those patterns have changed over time.

The analysis relies on statistics published by the FBI, which we accessed through the Crime Data Explorer , and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), which we accessed through the National Crime Victimization Survey data analysis tool .

To measure public attitudes about crime in the U.S., we relied on survey data from Pew Research Center and Gallup.

Additional details about each data source, including survey methodologies, are available by following the links in the text of this analysis.

A line chart showing that, since 2021, concerns about crime have grown among both Republicans and Democrats.

With the issue likely to come up in this year’s presidential election, here’s what we know about crime in the United States, based on the latest available data from the federal government and other sources.

How much crime is there in the U.S.?

It’s difficult to say for certain. The two primary sources of government crime statistics – the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) – paint an incomplete picture.

The FBI publishes annual data on crimes that have been reported to law enforcement, but not crimes that haven’t been reported. Historically, the FBI has also only published statistics about a handful of specific violent and property crimes, but not many other types of crime, such as drug crime. And while the FBI’s data is based on information from thousands of federal, state, county, city and other police departments, not all law enforcement agencies participate every year. In 2022, the most recent full year with available statistics, the FBI received data from 83% of participating agencies .

BJS, for its part, tracks crime by fielding a large annual survey of Americans ages 12 and older and asking them whether they were the victim of certain types of crime in the past six months. One advantage of this approach is that it captures both reported and unreported crimes. But the BJS survey has limitations of its own. Like the FBI, it focuses mainly on a handful of violent and property crimes. And since the BJS data is based on after-the-fact interviews with crime victims, it cannot provide information about one especially high-profile type of offense: murder.

All those caveats aside, looking at the FBI and BJS statistics side-by-side does give researchers a good picture of U.S. violent and property crime rates and how they have changed over time. In addition, the FBI is transitioning to a new data collection system – known as the National Incident-Based Reporting System – that eventually will provide national information on a much larger set of crimes , as well as details such as the time and place they occur and the types of weapons involved, if applicable.

Which kinds of crime are most and least common?

A bar chart showing that theft is most common property crime, and assault is most common violent crime.

Property crime in the U.S. is much more common than violent crime. In 2022, the FBI reported a total of 1,954.4 property crimes per 100,000 people, compared with 380.7 violent crimes per 100,000 people.

By far the most common form of property crime in 2022 was larceny/theft, followed by motor vehicle theft and burglary. Among violent crimes, aggravated assault was the most common offense, followed by robbery, rape, and murder/nonnegligent manslaughter.

BJS tracks a slightly different set of offenses from the FBI, but it finds the same overall patterns, with theft the most common form of property crime in 2022 and assault the most common form of violent crime.

How have crime rates in the U.S. changed over time?

Both the FBI and BJS data show dramatic declines in U.S. violent and property crime rates since the early 1990s, when crime spiked across much of the nation.

Using the FBI data, the violent crime rate fell 49% between 1993 and 2022, with large decreases in the rates of robbery (-74%), aggravated assault (-39%) and murder/nonnegligent manslaughter (-34%). It’s not possible to calculate the change in the rape rate during this period because the FBI revised its definition of the offense in 2013 .

Line charts showing that U.S. violent and property crime rates have plunged since 1990s, regardless of data source.

The FBI data also shows a 59% reduction in the U.S. property crime rate between 1993 and 2022, with big declines in the rates of burglary (-75%), larceny/theft (-54%) and motor vehicle theft (-53%).

Using the BJS statistics, the declines in the violent and property crime rates are even steeper than those captured in the FBI data. Per BJS, the U.S. violent and property crime rates each fell 71% between 1993 and 2022.

While crime rates have fallen sharply over the long term, the decline hasn’t always been steady. There have been notable increases in certain kinds of crime in some years, including recently.

In 2020, for example, the U.S. murder rate saw its largest single-year increase on record – and by 2022, it remained considerably higher than before the coronavirus pandemic. Preliminary data for 2023, however, suggests that the murder rate fell substantially last year .

How do Americans perceive crime in their country?

Americans tend to believe crime is up, even when official data shows it is down.

In 23 of 27 Gallup surveys conducted since 1993 , at least 60% of U.S. adults have said there is more crime nationally than there was the year before, despite the downward trend in crime rates during most of that period.

A line chart showing that Americans tend to believe crime is up nationally, less so locally.

While perceptions of rising crime at the national level are common, fewer Americans believe crime is up in their own communities. In every Gallup crime survey since the 1990s, Americans have been much less likely to say crime is up in their area than to say the same about crime nationally.

Public attitudes about crime differ widely by Americans’ party affiliation, race and ethnicity, and other factors . For example, Republicans and Republican-leaning independents are much more likely than Democrats and Democratic leaners to say reducing crime should be a top priority for the president and Congress this year (68% vs. 47%), according to a recent Pew Research Center survey.

How does crime in the U.S. differ by demographic characteristics?

Some groups of Americans are more likely than others to be victims of crime. In the 2022 BJS survey , for example, younger people and those with lower incomes were far more likely to report being the victim of a violent crime than older and higher-income people.

There were no major differences in violent crime victimization rates between male and female respondents or between those who identified as White, Black or Hispanic. But the victimization rate among Asian Americans (a category that includes Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders) was substantially lower than among other racial and ethnic groups.

The same BJS survey asks victims about the demographic characteristics of the offenders in the incidents they experienced.

In 2022, those who are male, younger people and those who are Black accounted for considerably larger shares of perceived offenders in violent incidents than their respective shares of the U.S. population. Men, for instance, accounted for 79% of perceived offenders in violent incidents, compared with 49% of the nation’s 12-and-older population that year. Black Americans accounted for 25% of perceived offenders in violent incidents, about twice their share of the 12-and-older population (12%).

As with all surveys, however, there are several potential sources of error, including the possibility that crime victims’ perceptions about offenders are incorrect.

How does crime in the U.S. differ geographically?

There are big geographic differences in violent and property crime rates.

For example, in 2022, there were more than 700 violent crimes per 100,000 residents in New Mexico and Alaska. That compares with fewer than 200 per 100,000 people in Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire and Maine, according to the FBI.

The FBI notes that various factors might influence an area’s crime rate, including its population density and economic conditions.

What percentage of crimes are reported to police? What percentage are solved?

Line charts showing that fewer than half of crimes in the U.S. are reported, and fewer than half of reported crimes are solved.

Most violent and property crimes in the U.S. are not reported to police, and most of the crimes that are reported are not solved.

In its annual survey, BJS asks crime victims whether they reported their crime to police. It found that in 2022, only 41.5% of violent crimes and 31.8% of household property crimes were reported to authorities. BJS notes that there are many reasons why crime might not be reported, including fear of reprisal or of “getting the offender in trouble,” a feeling that police “would not or could not do anything to help,” or a belief that the crime is “a personal issue or too trivial to report.”

Most of the crimes that are reported to police, meanwhile, are not solved , at least based on an FBI measure known as the clearance rate . That’s the share of cases each year that are closed, or “cleared,” through the arrest, charging and referral of a suspect for prosecution, or due to “exceptional” circumstances such as the death of a suspect or a victim’s refusal to cooperate with a prosecution. In 2022, police nationwide cleared 36.7% of violent crimes that were reported to them and 12.1% of the property crimes that came to their attention.

Which crimes are most likely to be reported to police? Which are most likely to be solved?

Bar charts showing that most vehicle thefts are reported to police, but relatively few result in arrest.

Around eight-in-ten motor vehicle thefts (80.9%) were reported to police in 2022, making them by far the most commonly reported property crime tracked by BJS. Household burglaries and trespassing offenses were reported to police at much lower rates (44.9% and 41.2%, respectively), while personal theft/larceny and other types of theft were only reported around a quarter of the time.

Among violent crimes – excluding homicide, which BJS doesn’t track – robbery was the most likely to be reported to law enforcement in 2022 (64.0%). It was followed by aggravated assault (49.9%), simple assault (36.8%) and rape/sexual assault (21.4%).

The list of crimes cleared by police in 2022 looks different from the list of crimes reported. Law enforcement officers were generally much more likely to solve violent crimes than property crimes, according to the FBI.

The most frequently solved violent crime tends to be homicide. Police cleared around half of murders and nonnegligent manslaughters (52.3%) in 2022. The clearance rates were lower for aggravated assault (41.4%), rape (26.1%) and robbery (23.2%).

When it comes to property crime, law enforcement agencies cleared 13.0% of burglaries, 12.4% of larcenies/thefts and 9.3% of motor vehicle thefts in 2022.

Are police solving more or fewer crimes than they used to?

Nationwide clearance rates for both violent and property crime are at their lowest levels since at least 1993, the FBI data shows.

Police cleared a little over a third (36.7%) of the violent crimes that came to their attention in 2022, down from nearly half (48.1%) as recently as 2013. During the same period, there were decreases for each of the four types of violent crime the FBI tracks:

Line charts showing that police clearance rates for violent crimes have declined in recent years.

Police cleared 52.3% of reported murders and nonnegligent homicides in 2022, down from 64.1% in 2013.
They cleared 41.4% of aggravated assaults, down from 57.7%.
They cleared 26.1% of rapes, down from 40.6%.
They cleared 23.2% of robberies, down from 29.4%.

The pattern is less pronounced for property crime. Overall, law enforcement agencies cleared 12.1% of reported property crimes in 2022, down from 19.7% in 2013. The clearance rate for burglary didn’t change much, but it fell for larceny/theft (to 12.4% in 2022 from 22.4% in 2013) and motor vehicle theft (to 9.3% from 14.2%).

Note: This is an update of a post originally published on Nov. 20, 2020.

Criminal Justice

John Gramlich is an associate director at Pew Research Center

8 facts about Black Lives Matter

#blacklivesmatter turns 10, support for the black lives matter movement has dropped considerably from its peak in 2020, fewer than 1% of federal criminal defendants were acquitted in 2022, before release of video showing tyre nichols’ beating, public views of police conduct had improved modestly, most popular.

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Patriots secure QB Drake Maye with No. 3 pick in NFL draft

The new age in New England will begin with a rookie quarterback.

The Patriots, drafting for the first time since the organization parted ways with former coach Bill Belichick, selected quarterback Drake Maye at No. 3 overall in the 2024 NFL draft on Thursday.

New England moved on from Mac Jones, also a first-round pick, after three seasons. The Pats signed veteran Jacoby Brissett to a one-year contract to compete with (and mentor) the young quarterback they drafted.

Rookie head coach Jerod Mayo, tasked with replacing Belichick, previously would not commit to taking a quarterback at third overall and told NFL Network that the team would consider trading the pick should another team provide a haul of future picks. However, multiple reports said that owner Robert Kraft and his son and team president, Jonathan, were intent on leaving the draft with a quarterback of the future.

Maye, 21, will be part of a long-term build on the offensive side of the ball for New England. Kendrick Bourne is the top receiving option and the line struggled to protect Jones, Cam Newton and Bailey Zappe – the trio of quarterbacks Belichick and the Patriots turned to following the departure of Tom Brady in 2020.

NFL DRAFT HUB: Latest NFL Draft mock drafts, news, live picks, grades and analysis.

“There’s two ways to look at it – you got two different situations,” Maye said when asked about rookie quarterbacks playing or sitting on the bench and learning for a year. “There’s the team around him, and then also how the rookie plays.”

A strong-built 6-foot-4 with a powerful arm, Maye has drawn comparisons to Buffalo Bills quarterback Josh Allen. Maye has also offered the comparison himself.

“He’s a (big) guy like me, one of the guys,” Maye said.

Belichick, speaking on "The Pat McAfee Show Draft Spectacular" that streamed on ESPN platforms, said the Patriots addressed one of three immediate needs (quarterback, offensive tackle, wide receiver) by selecting Maye. As for Maye's self-comparison to Allen, Belichick said:

“We’ll see about that. I think there are some similarities in size and athleticism. But Josh Allen is pretty special.”

At North Carolina, Maye was a two-year starter for head coach Mack Brown. He redshirted during his freshman season in 2021 and appeared in four games behind former Tar Heels quarterback Sam Howell – a close friend of Maye's who was traded from the Commanders to Seattle Seahawks this offseason. In 2022, Maye's first year as the starter, he led the Tar Heels to the ACC Championship Game and threw for 4,321 yards with a 38:7 touchdown-interception ratio. He was the ACC Player of the Year, the conference's Offensive Player of the Year, the Rookie of the Year and the Offensive Rookie of the Year – only Jameis Winston has also won all four awards in the same season. Maye led North Carolina in rushing that year (3.8 yards per carry, seven rushing touchdowns).

The Tar Heels lost a significant amount of talent heading into the next season. Maye’s statistics regressed in most major categories, but he was named to the second-team All-ACC and started 12 games (nine rushing touchdowns).

Maye is from an athletic family. Mark Maye, his father, was a quarterback at North Carolina in the 1980s. His older brother, Luke, was part of the North Carolina men's basketball 2017 national championship team. His brother, Cole, was a national champion in baseball at Florida the same year and his other brother, Beau, is currently on the Tar Heels' men's basketball team.

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Choosing the Perfect Term Paper Topics. Writing a term paper can be a daunting task, but choosing the right term paper topics can make all the difference. In this part, we will provide you with some useful tips and tricks to make the process as smooth as possible. The Starting Point. In most cases, students are assigned term papers by their ...
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Here's a step-by-step approach to guide you: Understand the Assignment: Ensure you grasp the requirements, the topic's scope, and the deadline. Choose a Topic: Select a topic that is interesting to you and meets the assignment's criteria. It should be narrow enough to explore fully within the paper's constraints.
How to Write a Term Paper: A Complete Guide With Examples
Topics, topic sentences, and paragraphs - Every paragraph starts with a topic sentence that describes what the paragraph is talking about. The easiest way to understand is this. If writing a paper about wind and solar, you would need at least three topic sentences - 1)Wind 2)Solar 3)Benefits of using wind and solar.
45 Term Paper Topics For Free
But you can do it! And we are here to make sure you get a top grade on your research paper. We know how important term paper topics are, so we are providing 45 topics for you to choose from. You can use any of our topics for free. In addition, we will provide some tips on how to write the perfect term paper towards the end of this blog post.
261 Macroeconomics Topics for Any Paper [+Tips]
️ Macroeconomics Topics for Term Paper. Unemployment rate as the most prominent national economy challenge. The nation's budget deficit and how it relates to economic theory and crisis. Market elasticity in the banking industry. Minimum wages and their effects on the hospitality industry. New liquidity standards and implications.
20 Ethics Term Paper Topics That Will Land You the Best Grade
The range is vast - especially on ethical matters - and it can often be challenging to make a choice. However, with our selection of 20 ethics term paper topics, writing a qualitative term paper should be incredibly easy. Make your pick and decide on the topic that piques your interest most. Smoking and the Effects of Smoking on People's ...
Term Paper Topics on Economics
Term Paper Topic # 6. Interdependence between Micro and Macro Economics: Actually Micro and Macro Economics are interdependent. The theories regarding the behaviour of some Macro Economic aggregates (but not all) are derived from theories of individual behaviour. For instance, the theory of investment, which is a part and parcel of the Macro ...
Review of Deep Learning Methods for Individual Households ...
Residential electricity load forecasting has become an important research topic in recent years, with energy demands rising and the residential sector accounting for over 20% of worldwide energy consumption. ... The paper presents a comprehensive literature review focused on deep learning methods for short-term forecasting of household-level ...
How light can vaporize water without the need for heat
Interesting Engineering reporter Rizwan Choudhury spotlights a new study by MIT researchers that finds light can cause evaporation of water from a surface without the need for heat. The photomolecular effect "presents exciting practical possibilities," writes Choudhury. "Solar desalination systems and industrial drying processes are prime candidates for harnessing this effect.
What is a fake elector? The term of the day, explained
View in new tab. But on the same day, a group of prominent Republicans, including the state party's former chair, Kelli Ward, and current state lawmakers Anthony Kern and Jake Hoffman signed a ...
A closed-loop drug-delivery system could improve chemotherapy
This approach could help to compensate for differences in drug pharmacokinetics caused by body composition, genetic makeup, chemotherapy-induced toxicity of the organs that metabolize the drugs, interactions with other medications being taken and foods consumed, and circadian fluctuations in the enzymes responsible for breaking down chemotherapy drugs, the researchers say.
University Libraries acquires papers of Brown School's Jack Kirkland
The University Archives recently acquired the papers of Jack Arnett Kirkland, an associate professor in the Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis and an internationally known scholar who writes, lectures and consults on the African American family and social and economic development.
New EPA rules are a coal power plant pollution crackdown
Add Topic. Long-term coal power plants must control 90% of their carbon pollution, new EPA rules say. ... Require all coal-fired power plants that plan to run in the long term, and all new natural ...
Crime in the U.S.: Key questions answered
While crime rates have fallen sharply over the long term, the decline hasn't always been steady. There have been notable increases in certain kinds of crime in some years, including recently. In 2020, for example, the U.S. murder rate saw its largest single-year increase on record - and by 2022, it remained considerably higher than before ...
Drake Maye is Patriots' QB pick in 2024 NFL draft
Maye, 21, will be part of a long-term build on the offensive side of the ball for New England. Kendrick Bourne is the top receiving option and the line struggled to protect Jones, Cam Newton and ...
Public Debt Dynamics and the Impact of Fiscal Policy
Public debt-to-GDP ratios have undergone substantial fluctuations over both the short and long term. Most recently, global debt-to-GDP ratios peaked at 100% on average in 2020 due to COVID-19, retracting substantially by 2022. To understand what drives these movements, we propose a structural approach to debt decompositions based on a SVAR identified with narrative sign restrictions.

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