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Direct and Indirect Speech in Hindi (Narration) Rules, Examples, Exercises

Direct and Indirect Speech in Hindi (Narration) Rules, Examples and Exercises. Learn Direct and Indirect Narration in Hindi. प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष कथन हिंदी में सीखिए। Rules of Indirect Speech in Hindi and English with examples. Direct and Indirect Speech को Hindi में प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष कथन कहते हैं। जब आप किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा कही गई बात को दो तरह से कहा जाता है; Direct और Indirect के नीचे दिए गए उदाहरणों को देखें:

Direct: He said to me, “I am a rich man.” प्रत्यक्ष: उसने मुझसे कहा, “मैं एक अमीर आदमी हूं।”

Indirect : He told me that he was a rich man. अप्रत्यक्ष: उसने मुझे बताया कि वह एक अमीर आदमी है।

Note: ऊपर भी गए वाक्यों में Direct Speech के वाक्य में किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा कही ही बात को ज्यों का त्यों inverted commas में quote कर लिखा गया है जबकि Indirect Speech के वाक्य को ज्यों का त्यों न लिखकर वक्ता (speaker) द्वारा अपने शब्दों में लिखा गया है।

इस पोस्ट के माध्यम से आप Direct and Indirect Speech के Rules, Examples Hindi में पढ़ेंगे। सभी नियम विस्तार से समझाए गए।

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Direct and Indirect Speech in Hindi (Narration)

Direct का प्रत्यक्ष अर्थात सीधा तथा Indirect का अर्थ अप्रत्यक्ष होता है। Speech या Narration का अर्थ ‘वर्णन’ होता है। इस तरह से किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा कही हुई बात को दो प्रकार से व्यक्त किया जा सकता है।

Direct Speech in Hindi

किसी वक्ता के शब्दों को ज्यों का त्यों बिना किसी प्रकार का परिवर्तन किये कहा जाता है, उसे Direct Speech या Direct Narration कहते हैं। Direct Speech के शब्दों को inverted commas (“………”) के अंदर लिखते हैं।

जैसे –

• Dileep said, ” I can speak English fluently.” दिलीप ने कहा, ” मैं धाराप्रवाह अंग्रेजी बोल सकता हूं।”

Note : इस वाक्य में Dileep वक्ता (speaker) है। उसके द्वारा कहा जा रहा है कि वह धाराप्रवाह अंग्रेजी बोल सकता है।

Parts of Direct Speech or Narration

Direct Speech के दो भाग होते हैं; Reporting Speech तथा Reported Speech

Reporting Speech: Commas से बाहर वाले वाक्य को Reporting Speech कहते हैं। नीचे दिए गए वाक्य में ‘He said to me’ Reporting Speech है।

• जैसे – He said to me, “I am fine.”

Reporting Speech के Part

ऊपर दिए गए वाक्य के part नीचे दिए गए हैं;

Reported Speech: Commas के अंदर आए हुए वाक्य को Reported Speech कहते हैं। नीचे दिए गए वाक्य “I was busy yesterday.” Reported Speech है। यह वह हिस्सा होता है जिसे ज्यों का त्यों लिखते हैं।

जैसे – I said, “I was busy yesterday.”

Indirect Speech in Hindi

जब वक्ता द्वारा कही हुई बात को ज्यों का त्यों न लिखकर अपने शब्दों में उसका भावार्थ लिखते या बोलते हैं, उसे Indirect Speech या Indirect Narration कहते हैं।

Dileep said that he could speak English fluently. दिलीप ने कहा कि वह धाराप्रवाह अंग्रेजी बोल सकता है।

Note : इस वाक्य में inverted commas का प्रयोग नहीं हुआ है। Speaker (वक्ता) की कही बात को अपने शब्दों में लिखा गया है।

Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में बदलने के नियम

Assertive Sentences को Direct से Indirect Speech में बदलने के नियम के अनुसार सबसे पहले commas बाहर परिवर्तन करते हैं। उसके बाद commas के अंदर परिवर्तन किया जाता है। इन सभी परिवर्तनों को कैसे और कब करना है, यह सभी नियम नीचे दिए गए हैं।

Reporting Speech में Change

वाक्य के बाहर का part (Commas के बाहर) Reporting Speech कहलाता है। Commas के बाहर परिवर्तन करने के rules निम्नलिखित हैं।

Commas के बाहर Changes

यदि Reporting Verb में said to आये तो उसे told, says to को tells में, say to को tell में बदलते हैं। यदि वाक्य में said, says, तथा say के बाद to न आया हो तो इन्हें indirect speech में ज्यों का त्यों लिखते हैं।

Commas में Change

Assertive Sentence को Direct से Indirect Speech में बदलते समय commas को हटाकर that लिखते हैं।

• He said , “ I am not sure.” He said that he was not sure.

Change of Pronouns (सर्वनाम के परिवर्तन)

Direct से Indirect Speech में बनाते समय Pronoun के परिवर्तन में निम्नलिखित नियमों का पालन किया जाता है।

Rule – 1 यदि Reporting Speech में I Person के Pronoun आता है तो Reporting Speech के Subject के Person के अनुसार बदला जाता है।

• She said, ”I am writing a letter.” She said that she was writing a letter.
• Teena says to me, ”You can invite me.” Teena tells me that I could invite her.

Rule – 2 यदि Reported Speech के वाक्य में कोई Second Person Pronoun आया है तो Reporting Speech के Object (कर्म) के अनुसार बदलते हैं।

• He said to me, “You do it well.” He told me that I did it well.

Rule – 3 Reported Speech में आये सभी Third Person Pronoun को बदला नहीं जाता है।

• My friend said, “He is a good postman.” My friend said that he was a good postman.

Rule – 4 यदि Reporting Speech का object न दिया हो तथा Reported Speech का Subject II Person हो और Reporting Verb का Subject Second First Person का हो तो Reported Speech के ‌second person को Indirect Speech में III person के Subject में बदल देते हैं।

• I said, “You have a nice dress.” I told him that he had a nice dress. I told her that she had a nice dress.
• Noun in Hindi
• Adjective in Hindi
• Verb in Hindi

Change of Tense

Rule – 1 यदि Reporting Speech के verb का Tense ‘Present या Future Tense’ में है तो Reported Speech के Verb का Tense नहीं बदला जाता है।

1. He says, “I am doing it now.” He says that he is doing it then.

2. Seeta says, ‘I sang a song.” Seeta says that she sang a song.

3. The man will say to me, ”I cannot find my purse.” The man will tell me that he could not find his purse.

4. Ram says to Rohan, “I am ready.” Ram tells Rohan that he is ready.

5. He has said, “The girl was poor” He has said that the girl was poor.

Rule – 3 यदि Reporting Speech के Verb का Tense ‘Past Tense’ है तो Reported Speech का Tense नीचे दी गई टेबल के अनुसार बदलते हैं।

Direct Speech या Narration का Tense

Rule – 4 यदि Reporting Speech Past Tense में तथा Reported Speech Future Tense में है तो नीचे दिए table के अनुसार चेंज करते हैं।

1. Raj said to me, ” I shall play with you.” Raj told me that he would play with me.

2. Kamal said to Vimal, “You will be driving your car.” Kamal told Vimal that he would be driving his car.

3. They said to him, ‘You will have completed your registration.” They told him that he would have completed his registration.”

4. I said to you, “I shall have been buying milk for five days.” I told you that I should have been buying milk for five days.”

5. She said to her father, “I have bought a new umbrella.” She told her father that she had bought a new umbrella.

• Future Indefinite Tense in Hindi
• Future Continuous Tense in Hindi
• Future Perfect Tense
• Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Other Verb changes

Rule – 1 यदि Reporting Speech Past Tense में है तथा Reported Speech में नीचे दी गई Auxiliary Verbs का प्रयोग हो तो नीचे दी गई सूची के अनुसार Indirect Speech में बदलते हैं।

1. He said to me, ”I can solve this problem.” He told that he could solve that problem.

2. Sita said to her friend, ”You may sleep here.” Sita told her friend that she might sleep there.

3. Mohandas said to her sister, ”She is better than you.” Mohandas told her sister that she was better than her.

4. The teacher said to us, “I am your new teacher of English.” The teacher told us that he was their new teacher.

5. They said to me, “We are  playing cricket here.” They told me that they were playing cricket cricket.

6. Gagan said to her sister, “I do my work on time.” Gagan told her sister that he did her work on time.

7. She said, ”I have a nice dress.” She said that she had a nice dress.

8. Teena said to her friend, “I have to carry the lunch box with me.” Teena told her friend that he had to carry the lunch box with her.

Rule – 2 यदि Reporting Verb Past Tense में है तथा Reported Speech में Subject + Could/Should/Would/Might + Verb I का प्रयोग हो तो could, should, would, might को बिना बदले ज्यों का त्यों लिखते हैं।

1. Father said, ”I could buy 5 kg mangoes.” Father said that he could buy 5 kg mangoes.

2. He said to him, “He should do it honestly.” He told him that he should do it honestly.

Important Rules for changing the tense

Rule – 1 यदि Reported Speech में कोई सदा सच रहने वाली बात (Universal Truth), आदत (Habit), ऐतिहासिक तथ्य या घटना (Historical Truth or Event), कहावत (Proverb) आदि दी हो तो Indirect Speech में बनाते समय Reported Speech के टेंस में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं करते हैं।

Universal Truth

• The grandfather said, ” The earth moves round the sun.” The grandfather said that the earth moves round the sun.
• He said, ”I go to school everyday.” He said that He goes to school everyday.

Historical Truth

• Rajesh said, “India got freedom in 1947.” Rajesh said that India got freedom in 1947.”
• My said to me, ” Honesty is the best policy.” My told me that honesty is the best policy.

Rule – 2 यदि Reported Speech का Simple Past Tense में एक साथ दो कार्यों का होने का बोध हो तथा time clause का प्रयोग हो रहा हो तब Indirect बनाते समय Simple Past Tense तथा Past Continuous Tense मैं परिवर्तन नहीं करते हैं।

1. He said, “When I came to your house, you were teaching your child.” He said that when he came to his house, I was teaching my child.

2. She said, ‘When the movie started, current went.” She said that when the movie started the current went.

Change in words showing nearness

Examples of Assertive Sentences of Indirect Speech

Assertive Sentences को Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में बदलने के नियम ऊपर बताये जा चुके हैं। यहां उनके Examples दिए जा रहे हैं। Assertive Sentences के अंतर्गत affirmative sentences तथा negative sentences आते हैं।

1. He says to me, ”I am ill.” He tells me that he is ill.

2. I say to you, ”The man is out. I tell you that the man is out.

3. Shyam said to me, ”I am you best friend.” Shyam told me that he was my best friend.

4. You said to me, ”He plays cricket with friends.” You told me that he played cricket with friends.

5. Gagan said to me, ”I am waiting for you.” Gagan told me that he was waiting for you.

Interrogative Sentences

Direct Speech के Interrogative Sentences को Indirect Speech में बदलने के नियम नीचे दिए गए हैं।

Yes-No Type Questions को direct speech से Indirect speech में बदलना

यदि Reported Speech में Interrogative Sentences Helping Verb से शुरू है तो वाक्य को Direct से Indirect Speech में बदलने के लिए नीचे दिए गए rules को फॉलो करते हैं।

Rule – 1

(1) Commas के बाहर Reporting Verb में आये भाव के अनुसार

• say या say to को ask/demand/enquire/want to know में बदलते हैं।
• says या says to को asks/demands/enquires/wants to know में बदलते हैं।
• said या said to asked/demanded/enquired/wanted to know में बदलते हैं।

(2) Inverted commas को हटाकर if या whether करते हैं। (3) इसके बाद interrogative sentence को affirmative में बदलकर लिखते हैं। (4) अंत में full stop लगाते हैं। (5) अन्य परिवर्तन साधारण वाक्यों की तरह होते हैैं।

1. She said to her mother, ”Are you ill?” She asked her if she was ill.

2. He said to me, ”Is your brother here?” He asked me if my brother was ill.

3. Seeta said, ”Am I Right?” Seeta asked if she was right.

4. We said to him, “Are you sleeping now” We asked him if he was sleeping then.

5. You said, “Do you know your rights?” You asked him/her if he/she knew her/his rights.

6. The man said to me, “Have you taken your medicine?” The man asked me if I had taken my medicine.

7. Golu said to his brother, ”Have you been playing here for two hours? Golu asked his brother if he had been playing there for two hours.

8. Ravi said to me, ”Did you write a letter to your client? Ravi asked me if I had written a letter to my client.

9. Alok asked, ”Were you beating your child yesterday? Alok asked me/him if I/he had been beating my/his child the previous day.

10. Roshani said to him, “Is New Delhi is the capital of India?” Roshani asked him if New Delhi is the Capital of India.

Wh-word Questions को Direct Speech से Indirect Speech (Narration) में बदलना

Wh-word Questions को Direct Speech से Indirect Speech/Narration से बदलने के नियम नीचे दिए गए हैं।

Rule – 1 यदि रिपोर्टेड स्पीच का Interrogative Sentence Wh-words से शुरू है तो Sentence को indirect speech बदलने के लिए नीचे दिए गए हो स्टेप्स को फॉलो करते हैं।

1. सबसे पहले Reporting Verb को अर्थ के अनुसार ask/asks/asked, demands/demands/demanded, enquire/enquires/enquired मैं बदलते हैं।

2. उसके बाद Inverted commas को हटाकर if/whether/that आदि का प्रयोग नहीं करते हैं। इसकी जगह उसी प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (interrogative word) का प्रयोग करते हैं जो सेंटेंस में आता है।

3. Direct Speech में हुए वाक्य (Wh-word + helping verb + sub + verb + object + other +?) को Indirect Speech में Assertive Sentence (question word + subject + verb + object के आधार पर) में बदल कर लिखते हैं।

4. Pronouns तथा Tense में change सिंपल सेंटेंसेस की तरह होते हैं।

5. अंत में full stop (.) रखते हैं।

1. The policeman said to the thief, “Why have you stolen this ring?” The policeman asked the thief why he had stolen that ring.

2. Roshni said to Rani, “Why did you not come yesterday? Roshni asked Rani why she had not come the previous day.

3. The patient said, “Where is the doctor?” The patient wanted to know where the doctor was.

4. My friend said to me, “Where do you live?” My friend asked me where I lived.

5.  He said, “When does the milk man come yesterday?” He asked when the milk man had come the previous day.

6. Father asked me, “What do you want?” Father asked me what I wanted.

7. The magician said to the boy, “What did you see in the box?” The magician asked the boy what he had seen in the box.

8. I said to the students, “How can you solve this question?” I asked the students how you could solve that question.

9. The captain said to the players,” Why did you come late?” The caption asked the players why they had come late.

10. Mother said to her daughter, “Which movie did you see last night?” Mother asked her daughter which film she had watched the previous night.

Imperative Sentences

Verb I, Do not, Never Always Please Kindly शुरू होने वाले वाक्य आज्ञासूचक (imperative) होते हैं। इनसे आज्ञा, आदेश, इच्छा, मना करना, निर्देश आदि का भाव प्रकट होता है।

1. Open the box now. 2. Clean the house. 3. Do not hesitate to call me. 4. Please refresh the page. 5. Kindly send me your address. 6. Always Remember this thing.

Imperative Sentences को Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में बदलना

Imperative Sentences को Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में बदलने के नियम

यदि Direct Speech में कोई Imperative Sentence आता है तो नीचे दिए rules के अनुसार Indirect Speech में उसे बदला जाता है।

Rule – 1 यदि Indirect Speech में आया हुआ Imperative Sentence ‘Verb I’ से शुरु है तो नीचे दिए rules को फॉलो करते हैं;

(1) यदि Reporting Speech में say, said, says या say to, said to, says to आयें तो नीचे दी गई टेबल के अनुसार बदलते हैं।

Note : ऊपर दी गई टेबल के अनुसार Reporting verb मैं परिवर्तन करते हैं तथा इसके अलावा नीचे दिए गए शब्दों को भी reporting verb के स्थान पर प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Words : warn, implore, threaten, persuaded, entreat, urge, beg

(2) Commas को हटा देते हैं तथा उनके स्थान पर to का प्रयोग करते हैं।

(3) यदि वाक्य में sir, madam, please, kindly आया है तो उन्हें हटा दिए जाता है। ऐसे Sentences में Reporting Verb को request, requests या requested में बदलते हैं।

(4) अन्य परिवर्तन साधारण वाक्यों की तरह किये जाते हैं।

1. Ram said to Shyam, “Have a seat.” Ram told/requested Shyam to have a seat.

2. Father said to me, “Get out of my room.” Father ordered me to get out of his room.

3. The teacher says, “Open your books.” The teacher orders to open the books.

4. Shyam said to me, “Please help me.” Shyam requested me to help him.

5. The doctor said, ”Sleep for seven hours.” The doctor advised me to sleep for seven hours.

1. यदि Direct Speech के Reported Speech में Sir या Madam आता है तो उनको हटाकर उनके स्थान पर respectfully का प्रयोग करते हैं।

2. यदि Reporting Verb के बाद कोई object नहीं आया है तो sir/madam के स्थान पर respectfully का प्रयोग object के बाद करते हैं।

1. She said to the shopkeeper, “Sir, please help me.” She requested the shopkeeper respectfully to help her.

2. The student said to the teacher, “Sir, grant me leave for two days” The the student requested the teacher respectfully to grant him leave for two days.

3. The driver said, “Madam, please close the door.” The driver requested respectfully to close the door.

4. He said to the policeman, “Sir please catch the thief.” He requested the policeman respectfully to catch the thief.

Negative Imperative Sentences को Direct से Indirect Speech में बदलना

जो वाक्य सामान्य Do not/Don’t से शुरू होते हैं वे Negative Imperative Sentences कहलाते हैं।

1. Don’t worry. (चिंता मत करो।) 2. Don’t forget it. (इसे मत भूलना।) 3. Do not hesitate. (मत हिचकिचाओ।) 4. Please do not go. ( कृपया मत जाइए।) 5. Kindly don’t talk here. (कृपया यहां बातें मत करो)

Rule – 1 Reporting Verb – say, says, said को अर्थ के अनुसार ask, asks, asked/tell, tells, told/order, orders, oerderd में बदलते हैं।

Rule – 2 Commas को हटाकर Do not के स्थान पर not to लगाते हैं।

Rule – 3 बचा हुआ वाक्य not to के बाद जोड़ देते हैं।

Rule – 4 अन्य परिवर्तन साधारण वाक्यों की तरह होते हैं।

1. He said to me, “Don’t complain.” He asked/told me not to complain.

2. My friend said to me, “Do not open the window.” My friend asked/told me not to open the window.

3. The teacher says, ”Don’t read it.” The teacher told me not to read it.

4. I said to her, “Don’t walk there.” I asked/told her not to walk there.

Forbid/Forbids/Forbade का प्रयोग

Do not वाले नकारात्मक आज्ञा सूचक वाक्यों को forbade का प्रयोग करके भी indirect speech मैं बदलते हैं।

Rule – 1 say/says/said को forbid/forbids/forbade में बदलते हैं।

Rule – 2 Do not को हटा देते हैं तथा उसके स्थान पर to का प्रयोग करते हैं।

Rule – 3 अन्य परिवर्तन साधारण वाक्यों की तरह होते हैं।

1. Father said to me, “Don’t eat this mango.” Father forbade me to eat that mango.

2. She said to me, “Do not play in the sun.” She forbade me to play in the sun.

3. I said to my son, “Don’t run on the road.” I forbade my son to run on the road.

निषेध सूचक वाक्य

यदि Direct Speech में कोई निषेध सूचक वाक्य आया है तो उसे निम्न प्रकार से बदलते हैं।

1. She said to him, “Stop writing.” She prevented/prohibited him from writing.

2. Gagan said to us, “Don’t play with strangers.” Gagan prohibited us from playing with strangers. Gagan forbade us to play with strangers.

3. My teacher said to me, “Never abuse anyone.” My teacher prevented/prohibited me from abusing anyone.

Do + Verb I + Object + Other Words पर आधारित वाक्य

यदि कोई आगे सूचक वाक्य do से शुरू है तो उसको इनडायरेक्ट स्पीच में बदलते समय नीचे दिए गए स्टेप्स को फॉलो करते हैं;

1. said या said to अर्थ के अनुसार requested/ordered में बदलते हैं। 2. Inverted Commas को हटा देते हैं और to लगाते हैं। 3. बचे हुए अन्य परिवर्तन साधारण वाक्य करते हैं।

1. He said to me, “Do learn your lesson.” He asked me to learn my lesson.

2. Gagan said to her, “Do open the letter.” Gagan asked her to open the letter.

Let से शुरू होने वाले वाक्य को indirect speech change करना

Imperative Sentences जो let से शुरू होते हैं, यदि उनसे प्रस्ताव या सुझाव का बोध हो तो इनडायरेक्ट स्पीच में बदलने के नियम निम्नलिखित हैं।

Rules –

1. Reporting Verb को proposed या suggested में बदलते हैं; यदि suggest या propose की बात कोई ऑब्जेक्ट आया है तो उससे पहले to का प्रयोग अवश्य करते हैं।

2. Inverted commas को हटाकर that लिख देते हैं। 3. लेट को हटा देते हैं। 4. यदि सेंटेंस में objective case के प्रोनाउंस us का प्रयोग हुआ है तो अर्थ के अनुसार nominative case के प्रोनाउन भी we या they में बदलते हैं। 5. इसके बाद should तथा मुख्य क्रिया की First Form का प्रयोग करते हैं। 6. अन्य परिवर्तन साधारण वाक्य की तरह करते हैं।

1. He said to his father, ” Let us go to park.” He suggested/proposed to his father that we/they should go to park.

2. He said, “Let us help the poor.” He suggested that they should help the poor.

3. I said to him, “Let us go to market.” I suggested/proposed to him that they/we should go to market.

4. Grandfather said to his grandson, “Let us go a for a walk.” Grandfather suggested to his grandson that they should go for a walk.

5. Sohan said to her, “Let us go out.” Sohan proposed her that we/they should go out.

Let से Wish या Desire का बोध होने वाले वाक्यों को indirect speech में बदलना

यदि let से शुरू होने वाले direct speech वाक्यों से किसी इच्छा का भाव प्रकट हो तो उसे इनडायरेक्ट स्पीच में निम्न प्रकार से बदलते हैं;

1. Reporting Verb say/says/said को wish/wishes/wished में भाव के अनुसार बदलते हैं। 2. Inverted Commas को हटाकर that में बदलते हैं। 3. Let को हटा देते हैं। 4. Let के बाद आए हुए ऑब्जेक्टिव केस के प्रोनाउंस को नॉमिनेटिव केस के pronouns में बदलते हैं। ये बदलाव persons को बदलने के नियम के अनुसार होता है। 5. Nominative case के pronouns तथा मुख्य क्रिया की First Form का प्रयोग करते हैं। 6. अन्य परिवर्तन साधारण वाक्य की तरह होते हैं।

1. He said, “Let me know this matter.” He wished that he should know that matter.

2. Gagan said, “Let him take a rest.” Gagan wished that he should take a rest.

3. She said, Let me help the needy.” She wished that she should help the needy.

4. You said, “Let me watch this movie.” You wished that you should watch that movie.

Note : यदि लेट से शुरू होने वाले वाक्य में अनुमति का बोध हो तो Reporting Verb को ordered/requested में बदलकर लिखते हैं। Commas तथा let को हटा देते हैं। उसके to allow बाद लिखते हैं। आप to allow के स्थान पर to let का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं।

1. The master said to his servant, “Let him go home.” The master ordered his servant to allow him to go home. The master ordered his servant to let him go home.

2. The son said to father, “Let me sleep now. The son requested father to let him sleep.

Optative Sentences को Indirect Speech में बदलने के नियम

Optative Sentences (इच्छा सूचक वाक्य) वे वाक्य होते हैं जिनसे प्रार्थना, इच्छा, अभिशाप तथा आशीर्वाद का बोध होता है। ऐसे वाक्यों को डायरेक्ट स्पीच से इनडायरेक्ट स्पीच में बदलने के नियम निम्नलिखित हैं;

1. Reporting Verb को भाव तथा tense के अनुसार wish/wishes/wished, pray/prays/prayed, curse/curses/cursed, bless/blesses/blessed में बदलते हैं।

2. Inverted Commas को हटाकर that लिखते हैं।

3. Direct Speech में आए हुए optative sentence को assertive sentence (Subject + might + verb I + object + other words) में बदलकर लिखते हैं।

4. अन्य परिवर्तन साधारण वाक्य की तरह होते हैं।

1. She said to me, “May you live long!” She blessed me that I might live long.

2. They said, “May God bless you!” They prayed that God might bless him.

3. Mohan said to me, “May you succeed in your life!” Mohan wished me that I might succeed in my life.

4. Father said to his son, “May you pass in the examination!” Father wished his son that he might pass in the examination.

5. People said, “Long live our prime minister!” People prayed that their prime minister might live long.

6. My mother said to me, “You be happy!” My mother wished me that I might be happy.

Note : यदि यदि डायरेक्ट स्पीच के optative sentence में may ना आया हो तो वहां may अपने आप ही मान लेते हैं।

Exclamatory Sentences को Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में बदलना

Exclamatory Sentences से joy sorrow surprise, anger, contempt, applause, regret, happiness आदि का बोध होता है। यह वाक्य अक्सर hello!, Alas!, Hurrah!, Ah!, Oh!, Well done!, Bravo! Ha! Ha!, Oh dear! आदि से प्रारंभ होते हैं।

Exclamatory Sentences डायरेक्ट स्पीच इनडायरेक्ट स्पीच में बदलने के नियम निम्नलिखित हैं;

1. Reporting Verb को नीचे दी गई टेबल के अनुसार बदलते हैं।

2. Inverted Commas को को हटा देते हैं तथा उनके स्थान पर that लिख देते हैं।

3. उसके बाद वाक्य में आए हुए सभी interjection (विस्मय सूचक शब्दों) को हटा देते हैं।

4. इसके बाद Exclamatory Sentence को Assertive Sentences में बदलकर लिखते हैं।

5. अंत में exclamation mark को हटाकर full stop लगाते हैं।

1. The boy said, ”Alas! I am ruined.” The boy exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.

2. He said, “How beautiful the rainbow is!” He exclaimed with joy that the rainbow was very beautiful. He exclaimed that the rainbow was very beautiful.

3. Father said, “Alas! My daughter hasn’t come.” Father exclaimed with sorrow that his daughter hadn’t come.

4. The foreigner said, “What a place it is!” The foreigner exclaimed with joy/surprise that it was a very beautiful place.

5. The students said to the teacher, “Happy Diwali, sir!” The students wished the teacher respectfully a happy Diwali.

6. The captain said, “Ah! we have lost the game.” The captain exclaimed with sorrow that they had lost the game.

7. The boy said to the girl, “How beautiful you are!”

The boy exclaimed with joy/surprise that she was very beautiful.

8. The sports teacher said, “Bravo! you have done well!” The sports teacher exclaimed with joy that he had done well.

9. He said, “Nice!” He gave an exclamation of pleasure.

10. He said, “Good bye!” He bade me good bye.

11. She said to her friends, “Good Night!” She bade her friends good night.

12. Raju said, “How happy I am!” Raju exclaimed with joy that he was very happy.

13. Father said, “Well done! You have done well!” Father exclaimed with praise that I had done well.

Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises

Here are some Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises for practice. Solve them and match your answer below. These exercises are very helpful for the students. After learning the above rules of Indirect Speech.

Direct and Indirect Speech Exercise – 1 – Assertive Sentences

• He says, “I am very happy today.”
• The girls say, “We are free.”
• Father said, “I am not able to run.”
• I said to my client. “You have not told me anything.
• The teacher said to the students, “There are twelve months in a year.”
• The judge said to the criminal, “You can’t speak loudly here.”
• I said, “I will pay my bill.”
• The teacher said to the student, “you never come late.”
• He said, “I am doing my work.”
• My mother said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
• He said the earth pulls everything towards it.”
• Sham set to me, “I will attend the class tomorrow.”
• The principal said to the students, ”The school will be closed tomorrow.”
• The old woman says, “I have become very old.”
• The teacher says to me, “You have written the essay correctly.”
• The man said, “My does not eat anything.”
• The student said to the teacher, “I didn’t understand the last example.”
• Raju said to Rohan, “I don’t know the name of the minister of education.”
• Sita said to her father, “I haven’t read the chapter two of this book.”
• Grandfather said, “You can jump.”

Interrogative Sentences – Direct and Indirect Speech Exercise – 2

Exercise – 2

• She said to me, “Are you fine?”
• Pawan said to her, “Do you know me?”
• Rahul sad to his mother, ” Have you cooked something to eat?”
• The girl says to the man, “Did you see my brother yesterday?”
• The patient said, “Where is the doctor?”
• The teacher said to the student Have you done your homework?”
• The police man said to the thief, “Who stole the money?”
• Father said to mother, “Where is Sohan going?”
• She said, “When does your washerman come everyday?”
• “Who has broken this chair?” said grandfather.
• He said to me, “Will you open the door?”
• The customer say to the shopkeeper, “Do you sale this a special kind of coffee?”
• The doctor said to the patient, “When should I take this medicine?”
• They said to the passenger, “Where did you come from?”
• Vinod said to Aruna do you know Rakhi’s address?
• Mr Sharma asked Mr Verma, “Where have you been playing since morning?”

Watch the Direct and Indirect Speech Video in Hindi for better understanding.

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Indirect Speech in Hindi Grammar

Understanding Indirect Speech in Hindi Grammar

Indirect speech , also known as reported speech, is a crucial aspect of Hindi grammar that allows speakers to convey what someone else has said without quoting them directly. To master indirect speech in Hindi, it is essential to comprehend the rules governing narration, tenses, and the appropriate use of pronouns and conjunctions:

Rules of Narration

In Hindi, altering direct speech to indirect speech is based on the rules of narration . The main elements in narration include pronouns, tenses, and conjunctions, which are adjusted to the context, speaker, and listener. When converting direct speech to indirect speech, one must follow these guidelines:

• Replace direct speech with a subordinated clause.
• Alter the main clause subject to match the speaker’s pronoun.
• Make necessary tense changes according to the reporting verb.
• Adjust pronouns and words to align with the speaker’s viewpoint.

Journey from Direct to Indirect Speech in Hindi

In Hindi, changing direct speech to indirect speech involves a change in tense . Generally, present tense shifts to past tense, past tense moves to the past perfect tense, and future tense is kept unchanged. Here are some examples demonstrating the tense change:

• Direct speech: राम ने कहा, “मैं बाज़ार जा रहा हूँ।” (Ram said, “I am going to the market.”)
• Indirect speech: राम ने कहा कि वह बाज़ार जा रहा था। (Ram said that he was going to the market.)

Pronouns and words should be adjusted to align with the speaker’s viewpoint, taking into account the listener’s perspective:

• Direct speech: राम ने कहा, “तुम अच्छे हो।” (Ram said, “You are good.”)
• Indirect speech: राम ने कहा कि मैं अच्छा हूँ। (Ram said that I am good.)

The Role of Conjunctions in Indirect Speech

Hindi grammar employs various conjunctions to link the reporting verb with the reported clause in indirect speech. Commonly used conjunctions include कि (that), अगर (if), जब (when), and अतः (therefore):

• Direct speech: राम ने कहा, “मैं कल जाऊंगा।” (Ram said, “I will go tomorrow.”)
• Indirect speech: राम ने कहा कि वह कल जाएगा। (Ram said that he would go tomorrow.)

Indirect Questions and Commands in Hindi Grammar

Indirect questions often employ the conjunction कि (if) to introduce the subordinate clause, as well as the interrogative pronoun, following this structure:

• Use the reporting verb followed by the interrogative pronoun.
• Add the conjunction कि (if) to represent the question.

For commands and requests , Hindi grammar uses the conjunction की (to) followed by the infinitive form of the verb:

• Direct speech: राम ने कहा, “दरवाज़ा बंद करो।” (Ram said, “Close the door.”)
• Indirect speech: राम ने कहा की दरवाज़ा बंद करूँ। (Ram said to close the door.)

Mastering indirect speech in Hindi grammar involves understanding these principles of narration, tense changes, pronouns, and conjunctions. By internalizing these guidelines and applying them consistently, one can communicate not only the main content of another person’s words but also capture their essence and intention, significantly enhancing communication in Hindi.

Grammar Theory

• Prepositions
• Sentence Structure
• Tense Comparison
• Tenses Indicative
• Tenses Subjunctive

Grammar Exercises

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"reported speech" शब्द से संबंधित परिणाम

Reported speech.

• बिलवासता बयान ( इक़तिबास या बराह-ए-रास्त बयान के बर ख़िलाफ़ ) उसे indirect speech भी कहते हैं( इस पीराएए में ज़मीर और ज़माना बदल जाता है )।

reported speech के लिए उर्दू शब्द

Rɪˌpɔː.tɪd ˈspiːtʃ, reported speech के उर्दू अर्थ, reported speech کے اردو معانی.

• با لواسطہ بیان ( اقتباس یا براہ راست بیان کے بر خلاف ) اسے indirect speech بھی کہتے ہیں( اس پیرایے میں ضمیر اور زمانہ بدل جاتا ہے )۔:

Tags for reported speech

English meaning of reported speech , reported speech meaning in english, reported speech translation and definition in English. reported speech का मतलब (मीनिंग) अंग्रेजी (इंग्लिश) में जाने | Khair meaning in hindi

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today, present moment

संदर्भग्रंथ सूची : रेख़्ता डिक्शनरी में उपयोग किये गये स्रोतों की सूची देखें .

सुझाव दीजिए ( reported speech )

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चित्र अपलोड कीजिए आइए उर्दू शब्दों का पहला ऑनलाइन शब्दकोश तैयार करते हैं जहाँ पाठक शाब्दिक रूप से उन्हें पढ़ने के साथ-साथ अर्थ 'देख' सकें. यदि आपके पास ऐसे चित्र हैं जो अर्थ को और अधिक स्पष्ट करते हैं, तो आप निःसंकोच स्वतंत्र भाव से उन्हें यहाँ अपलोड कीजिए।  हमारी टीम आपके महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान का आकलन करेगी और उसके लिए आपको श्रेय देगी।">अधिक जानिए

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Reported speech meaning in hindi, hinkhoj english hindi dictionary: reported speech.

Reported speech - Meaning in Hindi. Reported speech definition, pronuniation, antonyms, synonyms and example sentences in Hindi. translation in hindi for Reported speech with similar and opposite words. Reported speech ka hindi mein matalab, arth aur prayog

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Direct and Indirect Speech in Hindi- Meaning, Example & Rules

हम यहाँ Hindi To English Grammar के इस चपेटर में English के Sentences अर्थात Direct Indirect को Indirect Speech में बदलना / परिवर्तित करना उदाहरण के साथ में सीखेंगें | Direct and Indirect speech In Hindi

Direct or Indirect Speech

Direct और indirect speech से तात्पर्य यह होता है कि जब कोई कथन वक्ता द्वारा श्रोता से प्रत्यक्ष रूप से कह दिया जाता है या उस बात को श्रोता तक वक्ता के कहेनुसार ही पहुंचा दिया जाता है। तब उसे Direct speech कहते हैं। जबकि वक्ता द्वारा कही गई कोई बात श्रोता तक दूसरे व्यक्ति के शब्दों के माध्यम से पहुंचाई जाए। तब उसे indirect speech कहते हैं। सरल शब्दों में, जब कोई बात वक्ता द्वारा सामने वाले व्यक्ति से प्रत्यक्ष ही कह दी जाती है। तब उसे Direct speech कहते हैं। जबकि एक तरीका यह भी होता है कि हम सामने वाले की बात को अपने शब्दों के माध्यम से दूसरे तक पहुंचाते हैं, तब उसे indirect speech कहते हैं।

Example –

• Direct speech – Ram said, ”I am going to school”. (राम ने कहा, मैं स्कूल जा रहा हूं।)
• Indirect speech – Ram said that He was going to school. (राम ने कहा कि वह स्कूल जा रहा था।)

उपरोक्त पहले उदाहरण में, वाक्य के दो भाग हैं। जिन्हें inverted commas (” “) के भीतर रखा गया है। यहां Ram said को reporting speech कहते हैं। जबकि I am going to school, reported speech कहलाएगा।

Reporting speech के तीन भाग होते हैं।

• Reporter – उपरोक्त उदाहरण में Ram एक reporter है। जिसके द्वारा बात कही गई है।
• Reporting verb – जिस काल या क्रिया के माध्यम से reporter द्वारा बात कही जाती है, उसे reporting verb कहा जाता है। जैसे – said या say.
• Reporting object – उपरोक्त उदाहरण में ram said के बाद यदि किसी व्यक्ति का name या pronoun लगा होता है, जिससे वक्ता द्वारा कोई बात कहीं जाती है। तो उसे reporting object कहते हैं।

Rules of Direct or Indirect Speech

Direct से indirect बनाते समय कुछ नियमों को ध्यान में रखना आवश्यक है।

• Direct से किसी वाक्य को indirect speech में बदलते समय inverted commas हटा दिए जाते हैं।
• साथ ही Direct से indirect में बदलते समय reporting speech और reported speech को that लगाकर जोड़ा जाता है।
• Direct से indirect बदलते समय जब reporting speech में verb present और future में होती है, तब आगे reported speech का verb नहीं बदलता है। He says, “I am poor”. – He says that he is poor. अगर say/says के साथ आगे object लगा हो तब इसे tell/tells में बदल देते हैं। जबकि past में said/ said to को told में बदलते हैं।
• Reported speech में यदि subject Third person हो तब उसे indirect में बनाते समय कोई बदलाव नहीं किया जाता है। जबकि first person को reporting speech के subject और second person को object के अनुसार बदलते हैं। Pooja said to me, ” I am going to Mumbai”. – Pooja told me that she was going to Mumbai. यहां Reported speech के subject में प्रयुक्त I (First person) को reporting speech के subject (pooja) के object से परिवर्तित किया गया है।
• Direct से indirect बनाते समय सार्वभौमिक सत्य (universal truth), आदतें (habits), कहावतें (proverb) इत्यादि नहीं बदलते हैं।
• Present indefinite Tense को past indefinite Tense में बदला जाता है।
• Present continuous Tense को past continuous Tense में बदला जाता है।
• Present perfect Tense को past perfect Tense में बदला जाता है।
• Present perfect continuous Tense को past perfect continuous Tense में बदला जाता है।
• Past indefinite Tense को past perfect Tense में बदला जाता है। जबकि past continuous Tense को past perfect continuous Tense में बदलते हैं।

इसके अलावा, past perfect और past perfect continuous Tense में कोई बदलाव नहीं किया जाता है। साथ ही future के भी किसी प्रकार को नहीं बदला जाता है।

Direct से indirect बनाते समय जब reported speech में  Future प्रदर्शित करने वाले शब्द आएं। तब उन्हें निम्न प्रकार से बदला जाता है।

• Will    –    would
• Shall  –  should
• Can    –  could
• May   –   might

इसके अलावा अन्य शब्दों को भी बदला जाता है।

• This    –   That
• Now   –    Then
• Hence  – Thence
• These  –  Those
• Here   –   There
• Thus   –    So
• Today    –    That day
• Tomorrow  –  The next day
• Tonight  –    That night
• Yesterday – The day before
• A year ago – A year before
• Next day – The following day

Examples of Tenses

Present Indefinite Tense/ Past Indefinite Tense You said to me, “I do not love to read”. You told me that you did not love to read.

Present continuous tense/ past continuous tense Geeta said to me, “I am reading newspaper”. Geeta told me that she was reading newspaper.

Present perfect tense/ past perfect tense Ram said, “I have already paid him”. Ram said that He had already paid him.

Present perfect continuous Tense/ past perfect continuous Tense Reena said to me, “I have been sleeping for 2 hours”. Reena told me that she had been sleeping for 2 hours.

Past indefinite Tense/ past perfect Tense He said to me, “I went there yesterday”. He told me that he had gone there the previous day.

Past continuous Tense/ past perfect continuous Tense He said to me, “I was thinking about you”. He told me that he had been thinking about me.

इसके साथ ही Interrogative sentence के साथ reporting speech में said की जगह asked का प्रयोग होता है। साथ ही question words को reporting speech और reported speech को जोड़ने के तौर पर प्रयोग में लाया जाता है और वाक्य को साधारण बना दिया जाता है।

I said to him, “what are you doing?” I asked him what he was doing.

जबकि imperative Sentence में reporting speech और reported speech को to लगाकर जोड़ा जाता हैं। साथ ही said to को वाक्य के भाव के अनुरूप बदला जाता है।

Father said to me, “Give me your pen”. Father ordered me to give him my pen.

Optative Sentence में भी reporting speech और reported speech को that लगाकर जोड़ा जाता है। साथ ही वाक्य को साधारण वाक्य में बदला जाता है। और said के स्थान पर wished/blessed का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

The sadhu said to me, “may god bless u!” The sadhu wished me that God might bless me.

Exclamatory Sentence में भी reporting speech और reported speech को that लगाकर जोड़ा जाता है और वाक्य को साधारण बनाया जाता है। साथ ही said/ said to के स्थान पर exclaimed लगाते हैं।

He said, “what a pleasant surprise it is!” He exclaimed with surprise that it was a pleasant.

आशा करते हैं कि आपको हमारे द्वारा दी गई उपरोक्त जानकारी अवश्य पसंद आई होगी। ऐसे ही अन्य ज्ञानवर्धक लेख पढ़ने के लिए हमें फॉलो करना ना भूलें।

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• English Grammar
• Reported Speech

Reported Speech - Definition, Rules and Usage with Examples

Reported speech or indirect speech is the form of speech used to convey what was said by someone at some point of time. This article will help you with all that you need to know about reported speech, its meaning, definition, how and when to use them along with examples. Furthermore, try out the practice questions given to check how far you have understood the topic.

Table of Contents

Definition of reported speech, rules to be followed when using reported speech, table 1 – change of pronouns, table 2 – change of adverbs of place and adverbs of time, table 3 – change of tense, table 4 – change of modal verbs, tips to practise reported speech, examples of reported speech, check your understanding of reported speech, frequently asked questions on reported speech in english, what is reported speech.

Reported speech is the form in which one can convey a message said by oneself or someone else, mostly in the past. It can also be said to be the third person view of what someone has said. In this form of speech, you need not use quotation marks as you are not quoting the exact words spoken by the speaker, but just conveying the message.

Now, take a look at the following dictionary definitions for a clearer idea of what it is.

Reported speech, according to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as “a report of what somebody has said that does not use their exact words.” The Collins Dictionary defines reported speech as “speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words.” According to the Cambridge Dictionary, reported speech is defined as “the act of reporting something that was said, but not using exactly the same words.” The Macmillan Dictionary defines reported speech as “the words that you use to report what someone else has said.”

Reported speech is a little different from direct speech . As it has been discussed already, reported speech is used to tell what someone said and does not use the exact words of the speaker. Take a look at the following rules so that you can make use of reported speech effectively.

• The first thing you have to keep in mind is that you need not use any quotation marks as you are not using the exact words of the speaker.
• You can use the following formula to construct a sentence in the reported speech.
• You can use verbs like said, asked, requested, ordered, complained, exclaimed, screamed, told, etc. If you are just reporting a declarative sentence , you can use verbs like told, said, etc. followed by ‘that’ and end the sentence with a full stop . When you are reporting interrogative sentences, you can use the verbs – enquired, inquired, asked, etc. and remove the question mark . In case you are reporting imperative sentences , you can use verbs like requested, commanded, pleaded, ordered, etc. If you are reporting exclamatory sentences , you can use the verb exclaimed and remove the exclamation mark . Remember that the structure of the sentences also changes accordingly.
• Furthermore, keep in mind that the sentence structure , tense , pronouns , modal verbs , some specific adverbs of place and adverbs of time change when a sentence is transformed into indirect/reported speech.

Transforming Direct Speech into Reported Speech

As discussed earlier, when transforming a sentence from direct speech into reported speech, you will have to change the pronouns, tense and adverbs of time and place used by the speaker. Let us look at the following tables to see how they work.

Here are some tips you can follow to become a pro in using reported speech.

• Select a play, a drama or a short story with dialogues and try transforming the sentences in direct speech into reported speech.
• Write about an incident or speak about a day in your life using reported speech.
• Develop a story by following prompts or on your own using reported speech.

Given below are a few examples to show you how reported speech can be written. Check them out.

• Santana said that she would be auditioning for the lead role in Funny Girl.
• Blaine requested us to help him with the algebraic equations.
• Karishma asked me if I knew where her car keys were.
• The judges announced that the Warblers were the winners of the annual acapella competition.
• Binsha assured that she would reach Bangalore by 8 p.m.
• Kumar said that he had gone to the doctor the previous day.
• Lakshmi asked Teena if she would accompany her to the railway station.
• Jibin told me that he would help me out after lunch.
• The police ordered everyone to leave from the bus stop immediately.
• Rahul said that he was drawing a caricature.

Transform the following sentences into reported speech by making the necessary changes.

1. Rachel said, “I have an interview tomorrow.”

2. Mahesh said, “What is he doing?”

3. Sherly said, “My daughter is playing the lead role in the skit.”

4. Dinesh said, “It is a wonderful movie!”

5. Suresh said, “My son is getting married next month.”

6. Preetha said, “Can you please help me with the invitations?”

7. Anna said, “I look forward to meeting you.”

8. The teacher said, “Make sure you complete the homework before tomorrow.”

9. Sylvester said, “I am not going to cry anymore.”

10. Jade said, “My sister is moving to Los Angeles.”

Now, find out if you have answered all of them correctly.

1. Rachel said that she had an interview the next day.

2. Mahesh asked what he was doing.

3. Sherly said that her daughter was playing the lead role in the skit.

4. Dinesh exclaimed that it was a wonderful movie.

5. Suresh said that his son was getting married the following month.

6. Preetha asked if I could help her with the invitations.

7. Anna said that she looked forward to meeting me.

8. The teacher told us to make sure we completed the homework before the next day.

9. Sylvester said that he was not going to cry anymore.

10. Jade said that his sister was moving to Los Angeles.

What is reported speech?

What is the definition of reported speech.

Reported speech, according to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as “a report of what somebody has said that does not use their exact words.” The Collins Dictionary defines reported speech as “speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words.” According to the Cambridge Dictionary, reported speech is defined as “the act of reporting something that was said, but not using exactly the same words.” The Macmillan Dictionary defines reported speech as “the words that you use to report what someone else has said.”

What is the formula of reported speech?

You can use the following formula to construct a sentence in the reported speech. Subject said that (report whatever the speaker said)

Give some examples of reported speech.

Given below are a few examples to show you how reported speech can be written.

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Direct and Indirect Speech in Hindi

इस Lesson में हम आज बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण Topic को पढ़ेंगे जिसका नाम है Direct and Indirect Speech in Hindi अप्रत्यक्ष कथन Indirect Speech यह कुछ छात्रों को बहुत कठिन Lesson लगता है जिसे हम आज अच्छे से बहुत सारे उदहारण के साथ सभी नियमों के साथ समझेंगे जिसके बाद आपको कभी Indirect Speech के Lesson में कोई परेशानी नहीं होगा।

Friends… आप हमारे Telegram Channel से अवश्य जुड़ें यहाँ हर रोज नये English Grammar के Lesson से जुड़े प्रश्न और उत्तर और Images या PDF Version में सभी महत्वपूर्ण SSC, IPS, IAS, Bank परीक्षा में पूछे जाने वाले महत्वपूर्ण Study Content और साथ में GK Questions के बहुत सारे जानकारी उपलब्ध कराई जाती है और साथ में प्रेरणादायक अनमोल वचन, Motivational Videos भी उपलब्ध कराई जाती है।

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Direct and Indirect Speech in Hindi “किसी की कही गई शब्दों या बात को हम दूसरे व्यक्ति को दो तरीकों से बता सकते हैं। पहला तरीका ये है कि, हम कहने वाले शब्दों या बात को दूसरे व्यक्ति को जैसे के तैसे ही बता सकते हैं; और दूसरा तरीका ये है कि कहने वाले शब्दों को हम दूसरे व्यक्ति को अपने शब्दों में उसके कहे गये अर्थ को बता दें कहें।”

अर्थात “दूसरे शब्दों में कहे गये शब्दों को अपने शब्दों में कहें परन्तु शब्दों का अर्थ बिलकुल बदलना नहीं चाहिए, यही शब्द या वाक्य को ही अप्रत्यक्ष कथन Indirect Speech कहते हैं।”

जब हम प्रत्यक्ष कथन Direct Speech को अप्रत्यक्ष कथन Indirect Speech में परिवर्तन करते हैं तो हमें कुछ नियमों का पालन करना आवश्यक होता है जिससे अप्रत्यक्ष कथन Indirect Speech बनाना आसान हो जाता है। आइये इस नियम को अच्छे से उदाहरण के साथ समझें…

He said , “I am going to cinema now.”

यह Direct Speech का वाक्य है, अब हम इसका Indirect Speech बनाते हैं जिसे आप देखिये;

He said that he was going to cinema.

ऊपर दिए गए उदाहरण से हम कुछ नियमों को समझने की कोशिश करते हैं कि कैसे Direct Speech को हम Indirect Speech में बदल सकते हैं।

Direct and Indirect Speech Rules in Hindi

1. Direct Speech के दो भागों को आपस में जोड़ने के लिए किसी शब्द का प्रयोग पड़ सकता है। जैसे कि ( उदा. में देखिये that का प्रयोग किया गया है। )

2. Indirect Speech के शब्द बनाते समय सर्वनाम Pronoun बदलना पड़ सकता है। जैसे कि ( उदा. में देखिये I को he में बदला गया है। )

3. Indirect Speech के शब्दों बनाते समय कुछ समय काल Tense को भी बदलना पड़ सकता है। जैसे कि ( उदा. में देखिये अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाल Present Continuous Tense को अपूर्ण भूतकाल Past Continuous Tense में बदला गया है। )

इसे अवश्य पढ़ें → Blockchain क्या है

इसे अवश्य पढ़ें → Cryptocurrency Kya Hai क्या है

इसे अवश्य पढ़ें → बिटकॉइन कैसे खरीदें

4. कुछ समय वाक्यों में आवश्यकतानुसार काल Tense को दर्शाने वाले शब्द को और सहायक क्रियाओं Helping Verbs को बदलना पड़ सकता है। जैसे कि ( उदा. में देखिये कि now को then में बदला गया है। )

Indirect Speech बनाते समय कुछ Terms का Use किया जाता है जिसे हमें समझना आवश्यक है, आइये इसे समझें

1. Reporting Verb

Inverted commas के बाहर जो Sentence होता है, उसके क्रिया Verb को Reporting verb कहते हैं । जैसे

He said, “I am going to cinema now.”

इस उदाहरण के वाक्य में said Reporting verb है।

2. Reporting Speech

Inverted commas के अंदर जो Sentence रहता है, उसे Reported Speech कहा जाता है। जैसे

इसे भी पढ़ें → Tense in Hindi

इस उदाहरण के वाक्य में “I am going to cinema now.” Reporting Speech है।

3. Verb of the Reported Speech

Reported speech में उपयोग होने वाला Verb को ही Verb of the Reported Speech कहते हैं । जैसे

इस उदाहरण के वाक्य में going verb of the reported Speech है।

जब हम Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में Change करते हैं तो इसके लिए कुछ General Rules और कुछ Special Rules बनाये गये हैं, General Rules के उन नियमों को हर प्रकार के Sentence के साथ बनाया जाता है, परन्तु Special Rules के विभिन्न प्रकार के Sentence जैसे Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Optative, Exclamatory. के लिए अलग अलग Rules होते हैं।

NOTE : सबसे पहले General Rules को समझने के लिए 3 प्रकार में बाँटा गया है जो कि निम्नलिखित है;

1. Change of Person

Direct speech को Indirect speech में बदलने के लिए Reported speech में उपयोग किये गये सर्वनाम Pronouns को निम्नलिखित प्रकार से बदलते हैं;

1. First Person को Reporting Verb के Subject के अनुसार बदलते हैं।

2. Second Person को Reporting Verb के Object के अनुसार बदलते हैं।

3. Third Person को Reporting Verb में कोई भी बदलाव नहीं किय जाता है।

2. Change the Tense

यदि Direct speech को Indirect speech में बदलते समय Reporting verb में Present tense या Future tense हो तो Reported speech के Tense में कोई भी बदलाव नहीं होता है, केवल जरुरत के हिसाब से Pronoun को Change किया जाता है। लेकिन यदि Reporting verb, Past tense में हो तो Reported speech के Tense को निम्नलिखित प्रकार से Change किया जाता है;

और यदि Reporting verb, Past tense में हो तो Reported speech में उपयोग होने वाला Modals और Helping Verbs को निम्नलिखित प्रकार से Change किया जाता है।

3. Change of Other Parts of Speech

Direct speech को Indirect speech में बदलते समय Reporting verb यदि Past tense में हो तो Reported speech में उपयोग होने वाला निकटता सूचक शब्द और दूरी सूचक शब्द और समय को दर्शाने वाले शब्द निम्नलिखित प्रकार से Change किया जाता है।

Narration Rules in Hindi

1. assertive sentences कथनवाचक वाक्य ( rules ), [ a ] reporting verb in present tense and future tense.

1. यदि Reporting Verb, Present Tense में या Future Tense हो, तब Repotred speech के Tense में कोई भी बदलाव नहीं होता है।

2. जब Inverted Commas ( ” …. “ ) के अंदर Assertive Sentence रहता है, तब Indirect Speech में Inverted Commas के बजाय That का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

3. जब Reporting Verb, say / says / said रहे और इसके बाद Object रहता है तो Indirect Speech में इस बदलते समय tell / tells / told में Change किया जाता है। और अगर Object न रहे तो उसे जैसे के तैसे ही रखा जाता है अर्थात कोई बदलाव नहीं होता है।

Modals in Hindi

4. यदि Reported Speech में कोई वाक्य Universal Truth, General Truth, Natural Law प्राकृतिक नियम वाले वाक्यों से सम्बन्ध हो तो Tense में कोई भी बदलाव नहीं होता है।

आइये कुछ उदाहरण से समझते हैं

1. शिवम कहता है कि मैं बहुत खुश हूँ।

1. Shivam says, ” I am very happy.” (Direct)

1. Shivam says that he is very happy. (Indirect)

2. वे लोग कहेंगे कि मैं अच्छा लड़का हूँ।

2. They will say, ” I am a good boy.” (Direct)

2. They will say that he is a good boy. (Indirect)

[ B ] Reporting Verb in Past Tense

1. सोनम ने कहा कि मै दुखी हूँ।

1. Sonam said, ” I am sad.” (Direct)

1. Sonam said that she was sad. (Indirect)

2. शुभम ने मुझसे कहा कि, ” मैं आज स्कूल जा रहा था।”

2. Shubham said to me, ” I was going to school today.” (Direct)

2. Shubham told me that he had been going to school that day. (Indirect)

3. सुनिधि ने रचना से कहा मैं अगले सप्ताह मुंबई जाउंगी।

3. Sunidhi said to Rachna, ” I shall go to Mumbai next week.” (Direct)

3. Sunidhi told Rachna that she would go to Mumbai the following week. (Indirect)

2. Interrogative Sentences प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य ( Rules )

Interrogative Sentences का प्रयोग मुख्यतः वाक्य में प्रश्न पूछने के लिए किया जाता है। General Rules के अनुसार से Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में Change करते समय निम्नलिखित Rules को Follow करते हैं;

1. Reporting Verb में say के स्थान में ask, enquire, want to know या wonder में परवर्तित किया जाता है, लेकिन अगर say to का परिवर्तन सिर्फ ask में किया जाता है और said का परिवर्तन asked में किया जाता है।

2. Inverted commas ( “…” ) को हटा दिया जाता है और Reported speech के पहले if या whether वाक्य का प्रयोग करते हैं, परन्तु if या whether का प्रयोग तभी होगा जब Interrogative Sentence किसी Verb से शुरू होता है।

3. Indirect speech में Tense और Pronoun आदि का परिवर्तन Assertive Sentence की तरह ही किया जाता है।

4. सबसे महत्वपूर्ण बात ये कि वाक्य के अंत में Interrogative Sign ( ? ) के स्थान पर Full Stop ( . ) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

5. Inverted commas ( “…” ) के स्थान पर that का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है, लेकिन अगर Sentences की शुरुआत Question word ( what / when / how / where / who … etc ) से हो तो that के स्थान पर उस जगह में प्रयुक्त Question word का ही प्रयोग होता है।

1. उसने मुझसे कहा कि क्या तुम गुस्सा हो ?

1. He said to me, ” Are you angry ?” (Direct)

1. He asked me if / whether I was angry. (Indirect)

2. मैंने सुनिधि से कहा कि तुम क्या चाहती हो ?

2. I said to Sunidhi, ” What do you want ?” (Direct)

2. I asked Sunidhi what she wanted. (Indirect)

इसे भी पढ़ें → Preposition in Hindi

3. राम ने मुझसे कहा कि तुम्हारा क्या नाम है ?

3. Ram said to me, ” What is your name ?” (Direct)

3. Ram asked me what my name was. (Indirect)

3. Imperative Sentences आज्ञावाचक वाक्य ( Rules )

Imperative Sentences का प्रयोग मुख्यतः Order ( आदेश ), Advice ( सलाह ) Request ( अनुरोध ) Prohibition ( निषेध ) के अर्थ की भावना को व्यक्त करने के लिए Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में Change करते समय निम्नलिखित Rules को Follow करते हैं –

1. Reporting Verb को Sense के अनुसार से order, command, tell, ask, forbid, request, implore, beg, entreat, advise, remind, warn, encourage शब्दों को Indirect speech में Change किया जाता है।

2. इन क्रियाओं के साथ Object साथ में होना चाहिए। जैसे कि He ordered to go. लेकिन ये सही नहीं होगा, बल्कि इसे हमें कहना होगा He ordered me to go. इसलिए अगर Direct speech के वाक्य में आज्ञा किसे दिया गया है इसका उल्लेख नहीं भी होता है तब भी हमें दिए गये वाक्य में Verb के अनुसार से Object लिखना होता है।

3. Direct speech में Reporting Verb के बाद Object रहे या ना रहे Indirect speech में Reporting Verb के बाद Object हमेशा दिया जाता है।

4. Inverted commas ( “…” ) को हटा कर उसके स्थान पर to या not to कर दिया जाता है।

1. शिक्षक ने छात्र से कहा कि एक पेन लाओ।

1. The teacher said to the student, ” Bring a pen.” (Direct)

1. The teacher ordered the student to bring a pen. (Indirect)

2. मेरे पिताजी ने शुभांगी से कहा कि चुप रहो।

2. My father said to Shubhangi, ” Keep quiet.” (Direct)

इसे भी पढ़ें → Simple Present Tense in Hindi

2. My father ordered Shubhangi to keep quiet. (Indirect)

3. पिताजी ने अपने बेटे से कहा कि शराब का सेवन मत करो।

3. The father said to his son, ” Don’t drink wine.” (Direct)

3. The father prohibited his son from drink wine. (Indirect)

4. Optative Sentences प्रार्थना वाचक वाक्य ( Rules )

Optative Sentence का प्रयोग Prayer ( प्रार्थना ), Wish ( इच्छा ), Blessing ( आशीर्वाद ), या Curse ( अभिशाप ) आदि के भावना को व्यक्त करते समय Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में Change करते समय निम्नलिखित Rules को Follow करते हैं

1. Reporting Verb में say / said को Sentence के Sense के अनुसार pray / prayed / wish / wished / bless / blessed / curse / cursed में Change किया जाता है।

2. Inverted Commas को हटा कर that का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

3. Optative Sentence को Assertive Sentence में Change कर दिया जाता है, मतलब Subject के बाद Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

4. वाक्य के अंत में Exclamation Sign ( ! ) को हटा कर Full Stop ( . ) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

1. माँ ने मुझसे से कहा कि तुम दीर्घायु रहो !

1. The mother said to me, ” May you live long.”

1. The mother blessed me that i might live long.

2. पिताजी ने मुझसे से कहा कि भगवान तुम्हारा भला करे !

2. The father said to me, ” May God bless you.”

2. The father wished taht God might bless me.

इसे भी पढ़ें →  Solar System in Hindi

5. Exclamatory Sentences विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य ( Rules )

Exclamatory Sentence का प्रयोग joy ( ख़ुशी ), sorrow ( दुःख ), Surprise ( आश्चर्य ), Anger ( गुस्सा ), contempt ( घृणा ), Applause ( प्रशंसा ), Regret ( अफ़सोस ) आदि के भावना को व्यक्त करते समय Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में Change करते समय निम्नलिखित Rules को Follow करते हैं;

1. Reporting Verb में say / says / said को Sentence के Sense के अनुसार से हमें वाक्य में आवश्यकतानुसार exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow, exclaimed with surprise, exclaimed with anger, exclaimed with contempt, exclaimed with applause, exclaimed with regret आदि शब्दों में परिवर्तित किया जाता है।

2. Inverted Commas को हटा कर उसके स्थान पर that का Use किया जाता है।

3. Ah! Oh! Alas! Bravo! Hurrah! आदि शब्दों को दिए गये Sentence से हटा दिया जाता है।

4. Sentence के अंत में Exclamation sign ( ! ) को हटा कर Full Stop ( . ) का Sign का Use करते हैं।

5. कभी कभी किसी वाक्य में Inverted Commas के अंदर में अधूरे या छोटे वाक्य होते हैं, तब उस स्थिति में आवश्यकतानुसार हमें कोई उचित Verb / Adjective / Adverb / Pronoun का प्रयोग करना पड़ सकता है जिससे कि वाक्य में अर्थ पूरी तरह बना रहे।

आइये कुछ उदाहरण से समझते हैं;

1. सूर्या ने कहा कितना सुन्दर पेन है ये !

1. Surya said, ” How beautiful this pen is !” (Direct)

1. Surya exclaimed with joy that that was a very beautiful pen. (Indirect)

2. सुहाना ने कहा कितना अजीब लड़का है वह !

2. Suhana said , ” What a peculiar boy he is !” (Direct)

2. Suhana exclaimed with surprise that he was a very peculiar boy. (Indirect)

इसे भी पढ़ें →  Adverb in Hindi

3. Nonsense ! (Direct)

3. It is nonsense. (Indirect)

4. Enough ! (Direct)

4. It is enough. (Indirect)

5. What a fall ! (Direct)

5. It is a big fall. (Indirect)

Direct and Indirect Speech in Hindi & Narration Rules in Hindi

के इस Lesson में अगर आपको कोई समस्या है तो आप हमें Comment Box में पूछ सकते हैं और ये Lesson आपको पसंद आया तो इसे आप अपने दोस्तों के साथ Share कर सकते हैं जिससे आपके दोस्त को भी ये Lesson समझने में मदद मिले।

Thank You … Friends

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सच बता रहा हूं कसम से पहले मैंने जितना पढ़ा था समझ में नही आता था पर जब मैंने इसको पढ़ा तो एकदम अच्छे से समझ आ गया पूरा डाउट क्लियर हो गया थैंक्स मैम

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REPORTED MEANING - NEAR BY WORDS

Definition of reported.

• made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account; "his reported opinion"; "the reported findings"

RELATED SIMILAR WORDS (Synonyms):

Related opposite words (antonyms):, information provided about reported:.

Reported meaning in Hindi : Get meaning and translation of Reported in Hindi language with grammar,antonyms,synonyms and sentence usages by ShabdKhoj. Know answer of question : what is meaning of Reported in Hindi? Reported ka matalab hindi me kya hai (Reported का हिंदी में मतलब ). Reported meaning in Hindi (हिन्दी मे मीनिंग ) is खबरों के अनुसार.English definition of Reported : made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account; his reported opinion; the reported findings

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Definition of 'reported speech'

• reported speech

reported speech in British English

Examples of 'reported speech' in a sentence reported speech, trends of reported speech.

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