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Tips for helping your elementary school child with math homework

by: The GreatSchools Editorial Team | Updated: June 13, 2023

Print article

For many parents, the subject of math arouses feelings of anxiety — perhaps conjuring up memories of timed tests, difficult concepts, or embarrassing mistakes made in class. If you think of math as something that other people are good at or that has no practical use, your attitude may undermine your ability to coach your child. Take the fear and frustration out of math homework by pointing out how numbers are used in your home on a daily basis.

Covering your bases

• If math makes you nervous, try not to pass on your feelings to your child. Share only what is helpful, not harmful.
• You may want to rely on a tutor, older sibling, or peer tutor to help your child with math. Check if his school has a peer-tutoring program.
• Begin each math homework session by asking your child to explain what she’s supposed to do. By her response, you’ll know if she can do the assignment alone or if she needs help.
• If you’re not around when your child completes his homework, let him know that you’ll look it over when you get home. Be sure to follow through. Tell him you’re doing this to help him, not judge him.
• Encourage your child to check in with a classmate if she doesn’t understand or misses an assignment.

Home is where the math is

• Explore math in everyday life — counting out forks to set the table, pouring from a gallon of milk, telling the time when his favorite TV program begins. When kids realize that math is all around them, they begin to relax and see its meaning in their lives.
• Show how math is more than learning addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Math also teaches us to analyze, reason, and plan. These are useful skills that transfer over to reading and writing as well.
• Model analytical and mathematical thinking. Be a problem solver, pose questions, and find solutions. Talk about likenesses and differences, and explain your reasoning.
• Encourage your child to explain his problem-solving process so you can understand his reasoning.
• When driving to school or the store, talk about how numbers help us determine how fast we drive, the distance traveled, the mileage the car gets per gallon of gas, and how long it will take to get home.
• Expose your child to money in her early school years. Have her collect coins in a piggy bank and count them out regularly. If she receives an allowance, have her keep track of the amount or start a bank account.
• Have your child use an analog and a digital watch to learn both methods of telling time.
• Incorporate games involving numbers and math into playtime — from flash cards for learning basic math facts to board games involving money, time, and logic.
• Post a chart of math facts in your child’s room. Some activities and games can help kids memorize math concepts.
• Educational video games and learning software can also reinforce math skills, from arithmetic to algebra. Older students may want to use calendars and spreadsheets to plan out their daily or weekly schedules.
• When helping your child, ask questions to guide him through the process, such as “Where do you begin?” “What do you need to find out?” “Can you show me in a drawing how you got the answer?”
• It’s OK to say that you don’t understand a problem. It gives you an opportunity to review the lesson together to see if you’ve missed an important piece of information.
• Establish a clear understanding with your child’s teacher about the frequency and amount of homework she’ll receive. Modification of homework may increase her motivation and productivity. With her teacher, decide if she needs to do fewer problems, or if she can say the answers out loud and you can write them for her, or if she can check her work with a calculator .

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• Division: Mixed Practice

Elementary Geometry and Measurement

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• Measuring and Estimating Length
• Units of Length Word Problems
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• Money - Ways to Make the Same Amount #1
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• Matching Analog and Digital Clocks #6
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• Comparing Decimals to Hundredths - Grids
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• Time Conversions
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• Identifying Polygons
• Area of Rectangles Word Problems
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• Graphing Points in the First Quadrant
• Converting Within the Metric System
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• Converting Customary Units - Volume
• Making Line Plots
• Volume in Cubic Units
• Measuring Volume by Counting
• Volume - L x W x H
• Additive Volumes of Right Rectangular Prisms
• Regular or Irregular Polygon?
• Recognizing Parallelograms
• Classifying Quadrilaterals by Properties
• Converting Metric Masses
• Converting Metric Lengths
• Converting Metric Volumes
• Multistep Money Word Problems

Elementary Statistics and Probability

• Single-Unit Scale Bar Graphs
• Comparing Data with Bar Graphs
• Scaled Bar Graphs
• Interpreting a Line Plot
• Ice Cream Cone Pictograph
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• What Type of Graph?
• Reading Bar Graphs – Plant Growth
• Reading Bar Graphs – Distance
• Reading Horizontal Bar Graphs
• Creating a Line Plot - Measuring Pencils
• Creating a Line Plot - Measuring Books

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Elementary Math Formulas, Solutions and Explanations

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Although formulas are an important component of mathematics study in middle and high school, they're typically not a big part of elementary math. However, your child likely will be introduced to a handful of formulas - including those for perimeter, area and volume - by the time he or she completes fifth grade.

What Elementary Math Formulas Does My Child Need To Know?

In third and fourth grades, students learn to calculate the perimeter and area of 2-dimensional shapes, including squares, rectangles and triangles, and in fifth grade, they move on to determining the volume of cubes and rectangular prisms. In some cases, students may be required to memorize the formulas for these calculations; in others, the teacher may provide students with these formulas for assignments and tests. As you review the sample problems below, keep in mind that many formulas use notations like 'l' for length, 'w' for width, 'h' for height and 'b' for base.

Formulas and Sample Problems

The perimeter (P) of a shape can be calculated by adding together the lengths of all its sides. Although the formula for perimeter differs slightly for some shapes, the concept is always the same. For instance, the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle is P = 2l + 2w, while the formula for the perimeter of a triangle is P = a + b + c. Have your child put these formulas to practice using the problems below.

1. The sides of a square are 15 cm long. What is its perimeter?

2. The base of a triangle is 5 inches, and its two sides are 4 inches long. Find the perimeter.

The formula for calculating the area (A) of rectangles and parallelograms is A = lw, also written as A = bh. The area for a triangle can be found by calculating A = ½bh. Remind your child to label the answers using square units.

1.Find the area of a rectangle that's two inches long and five inches wide.

2. A triangle has a base of four feet and a height of ten feet. Find the area.

The formula used to calculate the volume of rectangular prisms is V = lwh. Another way to think of this formula is multiplying the height of the shape by the area of its base. Remember that all answers relating to volume should be labeled using cubic units.

1. A cube has a height of ten centimeters. What is its volume?

2. The area of a rectangular prism's base is 42 square feet. Its height is three feet. What is its volume?

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Too much anxiety about tests can be debilitating and result in poor performance. It can interfere with studying, cause difficulty with learning new material and even have a negative effective on a child's social interactions

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5 Resources for Parents Who Are Stumped by Math Homework

A math teacher's go-to list of websites to help you — and your child — decipher tricky math concepts..

With a new school year underway, there are many exciting events ahead for you and your child. And then, there are some events you might not be looking forward to — like deciphering your child's math homework! As new concepts and strategies are being taught, it may feel like you have no idea how to help your child. While I love math and teaching it, math homework can still be a tricky part of my own family’s nightly routine.

These five websites below are my go-to for resources, worksheets, and games. 

1.  Learn Zillion :   This video-based website teaches math concepts in short, student-centered lessons. You can search a concept and watch different videos that will teach you and your child how to understand math ideas and strategies. The videos are very child friendly! Recommended for 2 nd grade and up.

2.  K-5 Math Teaching Resources :   I love this website! It's full of games and activities for each math standard that allow you and your child to better understand different topics being taught in the classroom. There are different categories to choose from: number sense, geometry, and measurement and data. Click on the activity or game that will help practice different mathematical concepts. Recommended for Kindergarten through 5 th grade.

3.  Khan Academy :   Khan Academy focuses on interactive videos and practice exercises that support your child’s learning at her own pace. The activities are simple enough for your child to do on her own but also challenging enough to push her to learn more. Recommended for Kindergarten and up.

4.  NCTM Illuminations : This site is an incredible resource for teachers, parents, and students. There are lessons, interactive games, and brainteasers that are all helpful with homework and extra practice at home. Recommended for PreK and up.

5.  K 5 Learning : K 5 Learning is a wonderful parent-support for math help at home. It offers online support and numerous printable worksheets to support you and your child’s learning at home. There are even parent progress reports if you chose to assess your child’s progress. Recommended for Kindergarten through 5 th grade.

Keep these resources on hand when math homework starts to get tricky. They can be a great support to both you and your child!

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An Elementary Math Operation Cheat Sheet With Problem Examples For Each Operation

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This cheat sheet was created to help you remember, and maybe even learn, basic math rules and how to use them. However, this was not created to help you cheat on tests. Use this as a tool to help you remember the rules and be the smartest kid in your elementary class. At the bottom of this article that explains the basic math operations, you can download and print the cheat sheet to practice with.

Basic Operations

Comparing numbers:

• If one number has a leftmost place that is greater than the leftmost place in another number, the first number is greater than the second number.

Example: 675 is greater than 75 because the first number has a leftmost place of hundreds. 600+70+5

• 75 is less than 675 because the leftmost place is only tens. 70+5

Here is how you write this:

675 > 75 : > = greater than < = less than. You always compare starting with the first number as if reading left to right.

Example: Six hundred seventy five is greater than seventy five, or 675>75.

Rounding Numbers:

• To round a number to a given place value, look to the number immediately to the right and round according to these rules.
• If the number is greater than 5, round up. If the number is less than 5, round down.

Example: We want to round 7427 to the nearest tens place (2). So, look at the number immediately to the right (7) and round. The number 7 is greater than 5, so round up (30). The answer is 7430.

Additional Examples: Tens place: 423=420, 25=30. Hundreds place: 565=700, 1270=1000 etc.

Rounding Rule:

• When you write a rounded number, you replace the part not used with zeros.

Examples: Round up 27 to 30. Round down the number 21 to 20.

• The sum is the total of two numbers added together.
• The numbers that are added together are called addends.

Example: The sum of 5 + 3 is 8

5 and 3 are the addends and they equal 8 when added together.

• The order of the addends does not affect the answer as 5 + 3 is the same as 3 + 5. They both equal 8.

Subtraction:

• In subtraction, you subtract the smaller number from the bigger one.

Example: 12 - 4 = 8 This is correct. It is incorrect to try and subtract the bigger number from the smaller one in basic math. For example, the equation 4 -12 could not be performed in basic math because 4 is not big enough to have 12 taken away from it.

• Remember: Always place the larger number first.
• Remember: You cannot change the order of the equation when doing basic subtraction. The answer will be affected even if you come up with one.

There are two basic types of subtraction.

1. If you have two shoes and subtract or “take-away” one, you are left with the difference , one shoe.

Example: 2 - 1 = 1

2. The second type of subtraction is _comparison s_ubtraction.

Example: Mark is 5 feet tall. His sister is 3 feet tall. How much taller is Mark than his sister? The answer would be 2 because 5 - 3 = 2.

Multiplication:

• Multiplication is repeated addition.

Example: 2 x 3 = 6 or 2 + 2 + 2 = 6.

• The first factor (in a horizontal problem) or the top factor (in a vertical problem) is called the multiplicand.
• The other factor is called the multiplier.

10 Multiplier

x4 Multiplicand 10 x 4 = 40 ten is the multiplier and 4 is the multiplicand

• The idea of multiplication is to simplify adding many numbers. You could do a multiplication problem using addition, but that would take a long time because would you to have to add up many more numbers.

Example: 4 x 3 = 12 whereas in addition, it would look like this… 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12

• Division is often referred to as backwards multiplication. If you take the number 7 and multiply it by 7, the answer is 49. Now you can divide this equation as well.
• Take the number 49 (or the dividend) and divide it by 7(divisor). Your answer will be 7(quotient) or 49 / 7 = 7 (The symbol “/” is the sign for division on the keyboard).
• An easy way to remember your division is to ask yourself this question: 7 will go into 49 how many times? Next, think of a multiple of 7 that is closest to 49 - 7 x 7 = 49, so there is your answer.

Beyond the Basics

Adding Vertical Numbers:

• What do you do when you have three addends like this? Treat this like two separate problems.

+2 -—-2 + 7 = 9

• First, add 3 + 4 together. The answer is 7 (3 + 4 = 7). Next, add the remaining number and the answer to adding the first two together (7 + 2 or 2 + 7 = 9). The answer to the entire problem is 9.

Adding Larger Numbers:

• Adding bigger numbers together requires starting at the right and moving left. You carry over any numbers over 9 to the next set of numbers to the left until the number equation is completed.

-———–( 1,1 ) (these are the carry over numbers)

Example: 456

Step 1: Add 6 + 6, which equals 12. Place the 2 in the ones column and carry over the 1.

Step 2: Move to the left one place and add 5 + 5, which equals 10. Now add the extra 1 on top (10 + 1 = 11).

Place a 1 under the tens place and carry over the other 1 again but this time over the hundreds place.

Step 3: Finally, add the hundreds column together and remember to add the carried over 1 again ( 4 + 2 = 6; 6 + 1 = 7).

The answer to this problem is easily figured out when you take it step by step: 456 + 256 = 712.

Subtraction With Larger Numbers:

• Sometimes the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit when you begin subtracting larger numbers. In this case, you will borrow from the next number to the left that is not zero.

Here is the breakdown of the problem; because 7 is smaller than 8, we need to borrow from the next place value (tens). Borrow 1 from the tens place making the 5 into a 4 and give it to the ones place making the 7 into a 17. Subtract: 17 - 8 = 9 and 4 - 2 = 2. Going right to left, the answer is 29.

A free, printable version is available to you (just click on the link in the next section). Print it out and keep it with you, and also feel free to bookmark this page for future reference.

• When multiplying bigger numbers, don’t forget the process because it is different than addition or subtraction.

You still work from right to left.

Renaming in multiplication is the same as in addition.

• Remember to multiply with the farthest right number on the bottom first. Then you multiply it with each number in the number above it, all the way across until you have completed the process.

Multiply the 3 x 2 = 6 first. Next, multiply the 3 x 3 = 9. Next multiply the 3 x 4 =12. You keep placing the answer under the problem as you get them figured out from right to left. If there is a carry over number, you add it after multiplying. For instance, if 4 x 3 was in the middle of the problem, you would carry over the 1. When you multiplied the next numbers together, you would add the 1 to the answer.

It is important to write out your carryovers as you may forget them if you don’t.

Multiplying Two Large Numbers Together:

• Keep in mind that this is not hard if you just follow the rules you have learned.

Remember to follow the rules above for starting out your multiplication problem.

• When you have two large numbers, remember to move over one space when you get to the next bottom number or multiplier.

-– (1)-carryover number

--1403 Answer

• Just remember your rules and you will always be ready to use even the biggest numbers in math.
• If the division problem is not a fact or a near fact, it can be solved by a method known as long division.
• Remainders are carried over by either a period or point (.) or you place an r and then the number remaining.

14 divided by 4 would be 3 with a remainder of 2 because 4 x 3 =12 and 14 -12 = 2.

140 divided by 40 would be 3 with a remainder of 20 because, 40 x 3 =120 and 140 -120 = 20.

• To see this problem on paper using long division, just do as you have learned in school already and follow these instructions to see it happen.

Author’s Note

I have included a free downloadable cheat sheet for you to print. It is a condensed version of this article and filled with examples. Be sure to print this and keep it with you, and bookmark this page so you can always refer back to it for the deeper explanations of your math problems.

I hope this elementary math operation cheat sheet helps you keep these steps of math fresh in your mind every day.

References:

Source: Atlanta Page has been a homeschool teacher for the past 13+ years. These tips are explained from years of experience teaching math to her students.

Volume Library volume 1–A modern, Authoritative Reference for Home and School Use. Copyright 2000, by the Southwestern Company. Original copyright 1917, by Educators Association, Inc.

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Math Homework Guide For Helping Kids With Math At Home

Sophie bartlett.

While the amount and difficulty of math homework that your child will receive will vary from school to school, one thing is common to all parents: you will at some point be asked to help your child with math homework.

This blog is part of our series of blogs designed for teachers, schools and parents supporting home learning .

Depending on your age, how recently you were taught elementary school math, and your own attitude toward learning math, you may face that moment with a level head or with a rising sense of panic.

Much of today’s math may at first glance seem unfamiliar to you – math curriculums have changed quite a lot in the last 5-10 years, never mind the last 20 – and elementary school children today in every grade are expected to do more and demonstrate greater understanding than in many previous years.

If you feel like you’re more in the ‘panic’ than relaxed camp, you’re not alone. Hundreds of thousands of parents across the country feel the same way!

As experts in math tutoring, we’re on hand to support you to support your children!

The research shows that input from carers and parents is the key factor in determining good outcomes at elementary school.

However, we also understand that when you’re busy juggling the needs of your children, yourself, and completing the 1001 other daily tasks that come with being a parent, planning a math lesson is the last thing you feel like doing.

So in this article we aim to give you the key information about what elementary school math now entails, some math homework activities suitable for each grade, and lots of links to more worksheets, workbooks, and more.

The move to math mastery

• Math in your child’s elementary school

How to help with 1st grade math (6-7 year olds)

How to help with 2nd grade math (7-8 year olds), how to help with 3rd grade math (8-9 year olds), how to help with 4th grade math (9-10 year olds), how to help with 5th grade math (10-11 year olds).

• How to help with 5th grade math – state assessments (10-11 year olds)

How to help with 6th grade math (11-12 year olds)

Final thoughts on math at home.

Recently, math curriculums have placed an emphasis on mastery, fluency, and problem-solving in math.

In a nutshell, the onus is on a deep understanding of mathematical concepts, rather than learning strategies and facts off by heart, and this is something to bear in mind as you look to help your child with math throughout elementary school.

Approaches like concrete-representational-abstract , open up the inner workings of mathematical concepts and allow us to really take a look at what we’re doing with numbers.

Studies have shown that by using concrete math resources in the first phase of learning, children are more able to understand representational images (like pictograms or bar models) in the second phase of learning.

These two steps make the abstract phase of learning (when there are only numbers involved) seem like a completely natural progression.

Using these steps is a great way to help your child understand the way that math applies to the real world, and it means that they will be well-equipped to deal with all sorts of mathematical conundrums.

Math in your child’s elementary school

Once you know about the standards your state follows and where some of these more ‘modern’ math concepts come from, the key thing to know as a parent is how your own elementary school is implementing these standards.

This will help you understand exactly what it is that your child needs to know for math at each point of their elementary school life.  

The main elements you should get on top of are as follows:

• The state standards or scheme of work your school is following
• Your school’s home learning or homework policy
• Key curriculum terminology that may be new to you

1. Your school’s math curriculum

Most schools now publish on their website the math topics that children will be studying each year and each term. They may refer to this as their scheme of work or their curriculum. There are lots of different ways schools teach these topics but Eureka Math is one of the most popular curricula and one you may hear about a lot!

This is an invaluable resource for you as a parent as it means you can make sure that you’re supporting them with the right homework help at the right time. If your child hasn’t completed their place value module this semester, it will make it harder for them to do multiplication x 100 or work with decimals as an example.

2. Your school’s home learning or homework policy

Before Covid-19 times, home learning in a school context was generally just used to refer to the ‘added extras’; the stuff relevant to your school’s math curriculum that you could do to support it.

While in subjects like Geography and History it might suggest museums or websites to visit, in math it was more likely to be focused on recall of number facts and multiplication facts, and occasional homework sheets.

Now of course home learning incorporates so much more to it than just ‘homework.’ However, your school will have a policy on what it expects or wants families to do for math homework in addition to ordinary lessons and it’s worth taking a look at this before worrying that your child has too much or too little math homework.

Read more: The homework debate in elementary schools

3. Important terminology in elementary math 

Even if you have a great working relationship with your child’s class teacher, some of the jargon used in schools can be almost indecipherable.

Here are just some of the more esoteric and unexpected key terms that teachers may use when talking about math:

But don’t worry. We’ve created a free math dictionary for kids and parents that includes all these terms and more. Head over there whenever you encounter a word whose meaning is unclear.

Now we have run through the key things you need to know about what your child is learning in math at school, we can move onto how you can help them with their math homework!

While kindergarten might have introduced many new ideas and a very different way of learning than preschool, 1st grade is when your child will be tested on how well they’ve actually understood what they’ve learned.

Here are some quick tips you can use to help your child feel prepared for the challenges ahead of them.

Math tip 1: Check their understanding of the basics

Moving into 1st grade, there are some basic math concepts children should feel comfortable with. The key topics to check are:

• Does your child know how to count to 100?
• Can your child write numbers from 0 to 20?
• Can you child answer “how many?” questions about groups of objects?
• Can your child count up starting at any given number?
• Can your child solve basic addition and subtraction problems? 
• Can your child understand the numbers 11-19 as a ten plus some ones?
• Can your child name basic 2D and 3D shapes?

If your child is struggling with any of these, they’ll probably find parts of what they learn in 1st grade that much harder. Luckily, you can find ways to help them practice these in our dedicated 1st grade math page.

Math tip 2: Work on helping your child recognize number bonds

Number bonds are pairs of numbers that add up to certain totals e.g. 3 + 7 = 10. A good understanding of number bonds is important for nearly every part of math your child will learn and an important building block to develop number sense, so it’s crucial they feel comfortable with them.

The most important number bonds are those that add up to 10. Look at the example below:

Children should understand the relationship between 4, 6 and 10 and the different ways these three numbers can interact. So they should understand that 4 + 6 = 10 is the same as 6 + 4 = 10, and that 10 – 6 = 4 or 10 – 4 = 6 are the reverse .

Once your child is happy with numbers bonds up to 10, you will want to move on to number bonds up to 20. These are slightly more complex, and need a basic knowledge of place value as well.

For example, the expression 9 + 5 can be reformulated as 10 + 4, but this is much easier to do if your child understands that 9 is close to 10 and 4 is close to 5.

• 1st Grade Math : Home Learning Toolkit for 6 and 7 Year Olds

It’s likely that your 7-year-old will encounter many concepts that are new to them during their 2nd grade math lessons, and this can be a daunting time for some young children.

New ideas, coupled with the higher expectations of accuracy in their answers can be a shock to the system for some 2nd graders, so here are a few quick tricks that will help your child get over any mathematical shaped obstacles swiftly and smoothly.

Math tip 1: Cultivate accuracy as a habit in 2nd grade

An easy way to work on cultivating accuracy is by getting your child to measure anything and everything with a ruler or a tape measure. This is a good way for you to ensure that your child is giving accurate answers to questions, without the questions themselves being too difficult.

For example, a quick measuring activity that helps promote accuracy in answers could be as simple as this:

Mom: “So Sophie, can you tell me how many centimeters long my cell phone is?”

Sophie (using a ruler/tape measure): “I think it’s about 7cm long.”

Mom: “ You’re right it is roughly 7cm long, but can you tell me exactly how long it is?”

Sophie: “It is 7.4cm long.”

Mom: “It is! Well done.”

This may be a simple example, but it shows you just how easy it can be to implement real-life math into your daily life in a useful way.

There are lots of ways you can make it fun, whether that be by measuring each other’s height, recording how much a plant grows each day or even seeing how long the pet dog’s tail is. The possibilities are endless here!

Cultivate a habit of accuracy early on, and this will be reflected across your child’s learning for the remainder of their school life (and not just in math).

Math tip 2: Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication

In 3rd grade, students will dive deep into multiplication, so it’s important for 2nd graders to begin setting a foundation for understanding the concept.

Second graders should already be proficient in skip counting by 2s, 5s, and 10s, so take it a step further by asking them to skip count by 3s, 4s, or any other number (up to 12). This will familiarize them with the numbers they will see in the times tables.

Another way to help set a foundation for multiplication is to ask your child to organize objects into rows and columns to make an array. You could even practice during snack time at home, using food like crackers or M&Ms to organize into an array.

Add in the mathematical element by asking them to use addition to determine the total number of objects in the array. (Add up the number in each column or add up the number in each row.) They can also be asked to write an equation to represent the total.

Math tip 3: Challenging your 2nd grade child with math at home

Up until this point, your 7-year-old will be used to using one operation (adding or subtracting) at a time.

Challenge them by mixing it up!

Ask your child to mentally add up the things you buy on a shopping trip. Every now and then, put something back to keep the subtraction practice going.

One of the most important things to do at this stage is to try and incorporate math into everyday life in fun and engaging ways, and this is just one of the ways you can do so!

Another favorite way is to incorporate some of these math games into family life at home. There are loads to choose from, indoor, outdoor or even in the car!

• 2nd Grade Math : Home Learning Toolkit for 7 and 8 Year Olds

At this age, it’s useful to introduce a couple of new concepts that, while it is important to ensure they are not too difficult, can be a little confusing at first.

At this point in elementary school your child will be dealing with large numbers and more complex operations. This might seem daunting, there’s plenty you can do to get over these hurdles at home.

Math tip 1: Use written strategies to add and subtract large numbers

If you’re shopping online, enlist your 8 year old to help you. Tell them exactly what’s on your wish list (and don’t be afraid to push the boat out). Once your child has a list of items and prices, work together using written addition to find the total.

This is your chance to really splash the (metaphorical) cash, so if you’ve had your eye on that $1,000 sofa or the $2,300 TV, now is the time to add it to your shopping list! Just make sure hands stay well away from that “buy now button”….

Math tip 2: Help them get started with division and multiplication

Your child may have learned the very basics of multiplication, but it is covered much more heavily in 3rd grade, and division is introduced for the first time.

Rather than just getting your child to memorize the multiplication facts, support their learning by helping them see multiplication and division in more simple terms.

One of the simplest ways to look at multiplying is repeated addition . 5 x 2 can be seen as 2 lots of 5 (or 5 + 5). Equally, 2 x 5 can be seen as 5 lots of 2 (or 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2.) Develop this understanding by showing this using objects:

Division can be explained in terms of grouping and sharing. Grouping involves seeing an expression such as 10 ÷ 2 as, “How many groups of 2 can be made from 10?”

While sharing involves seeing 10 ÷ 2 as, “If I share 10 into 2 equal groups, how many are in each group?”

Math tip 3: Practice multiplication facts every day with your 3rd grader

The more you practice, the better. Sing it, shout it, whisper it, dance it. Whatever it takes!

Although it might not seem like the most entertaining math in the world, a solid knowledge of your multiplication facts removes barriers to more complex math further down the line.

Multiplication facts play a huge role in everyday life, with many of us taking them for granted. For example, if you are shopping and see that pineapples are $2.00 each and you know that you require 3 of them, you have no problem working out that this will come to a total of $6.00.

At 8 years old your child might not be able to work that out just yet, and that is why it is so important for them to cement their multiplication fact knowledge as early as possible.

Math tip 4: Challenge your 3rd grader with some fractions!

One way to really ramp up the difficulty level is by getting fractions involved. They may not be anyone’s favorite part of math, but you should not underestimate their importance both in and out of the classroom.

Ordering fractions can be a challenge for even the strongest mathematicians at this age, so try ordering tenths first before moving onto other fractions like quarters, halves and thirds.

You can make this more fun by creating a simple clothesline and pegging fraction cards to it. Adding a time limit to activities such as this can also help your child to engage with the task, so why not give them the challenge of ordering all of the tenth fractions in under a minute?

• 3rd Grade Math : Home Learning Toolkit for 8 and 9 Year Olds

This is the age when knowledge retention really begins to come to the fore, and if you spend just five minutes a day revisiting a few fundamental skills, you’ll find that your child can take on new ideas effortlessly. In particular, familiarizing your child with angles, and continuing to practice multiplication facts (up to twelve) will stand them in good stead in the future.

Math tip 1: Get the protractor out (whenever you can)

Protractors have a funny way of muddling most young mathematicians, and it certainly doesn’t help that there are two rows of numbers to contend with!

That being said, it is a crucial part of a mathematician’s pencil case, so try to have one on hand and use it wherever possible to measure angles accurately. This is a great way to make an otherwise dull trip to the home improvement store for your child exciting, as they help you to measure the all-important angles on everything from tins of paint through to planks of wood.

Bringing in active math such as this can be a great way to cement learning, and you should find that your child is much more engaged with the topic as a result too!

Math tip 2: Get your 9-year-old to read the time, all the time!

Telling and writing time is a skill mastered in 3rd grade, but it is one that can be quickly forgotten without practice. Time may go quickly for us adults, but for kids who have grown up predominantly reading the time on phone screens and tablets, analog clocks look like something from another planet.

You can avoid the confusion by hanging analog clocks in your home from an early age and modeling reading the time out loud at every opportunity. Practice makes perfect when it comes to telling time, so be patient and keep at it.

Try to remember to ask your child what the time is every time you take a glance up at the clock, as not only will this be a good chance to help them learn how to tell the time, but it might just remind you to get the dinner out of the oven too!

Math tip 3: Challenge your 4th grader with math at home

Weather permitting, take a walk down to your local bus stop or if the rain is proving too potent, browse train timetables online. (Bonus points if it’s a timetable that really applies to your commute or a regular journey!)

Challenge your 9-year-old to work out the difference in time between stops on the route.

Can they find the shortest stop?

The longest one?

How long does the whole route take?

Not only is reading timetables interesting, but it’s also a skill that could be useful in later life. They will have no excuses for missing the bus to high school if they have been taught how to read timetables properly!

If riding a bus is not common for you or your child, you can also look at an online map and calculate how long the commute takes in your car to various places around your town.

• 4th Grade Math : Home Learning Toolkit for 9 and 10 Year Olds

At this age, it’s worth having conversations around what your child finds difficult and easy in math.

Everyone struggles with math at some point, but if you can ask for help, you’re much more likely to succeed. With the introduction of several completely new topics, now is the time to work through any misunderstandings and avoid them building up into a bigger issue.

Math tip 1: De-mystify the relationship between fractions and decimals

The relationship between fractions and decimals is one that puzzles many 10-year-olds (and in fact, a lot of adults too!).

When children first encounter fractions at school, there’s no mention of decimals, so it’s no surprise that it comes as a bit of a shock later on. The important thing to remember is that fractions and decimals are just two different ways of showing part of a whole.

One tried and tested technique that is used by teachers and parents across the land is to bring many children’s favorite food, the trusty pizza, into the mix here. If you are splitting the pizza into four, why not ask the question of how much each person is getting as a fraction and a decimal?

By being able to visualize the mathematics taking place in front of them, children are better equipped to work out the answer, and of course, they get some pizza too! This is a fantastic way to help your child with math at home.

Math tip 2: Challenge your 5th grader with math at home

At this age, the curriculum offers plenty of challenges for 10-year-olds.

Being able to recall equivalent fractions and decimals will stand your child in good stead, and if you are looking to challenge your child then these are the topics you should do it with.

Quick quizzes on converting decimals into their equivalent fractions are a good way to encourage learning on these topics, and you can easily incorporate them into everyday life. Examples could include:

• I’ve filled this glass of water up ½ to the top. How much room is left in it as a decimal?
• We’ve walked 0.25 of the way to school. How far is that as a fraction?
• ⅕ of your dinner is made up of vegetables, how much is this in decimal form?

There will be a lot of other examples that come up in your everyday life, but these ones are just there to inspire you!

If you’re searching for something to accompany the real life math, take a look at our blog which tackles how you can tackle 5th grade math in greater detail.

How to help with 5th grade math – state assessments (10-11 year olds)

Fifth grade is typically a grade level where students will have state assessments across multiple content areas at the end of the year. With these assessments looming, it can feel like a mad dash to the finish line, but you have to remember one simple thing…

Don’t panic!

Just remember that there’s plenty that you can do in a short amount of time to boost your child’s confidence in math.

Begin by taking a look at practice test papers together as this is one of the best ways for both of you to find out which math problems your child finds easy and which ones need a bit of work. It also helps to break word problems down step-by-step to scaffold your child’s understanding of math questions.

Bear in mind that it is normal for children to react differently to test papers than to the work they see day-to-day, so try to build a positive experience around tests to relieve the pressure (the promise of a trip to the park after completing a sample test is a good way of doing this). 

Math tip 1: Practice taking tests the fun way

The best way to get your child on board with practice test papers is to take them together.

Don’t worry about getting the answers wrong – by showing your child that mistakes are the first step in plugging knowledge gaps and growing, you’re teaching them to be more resilient in the face of a challenge.

The best part?

You can ask them to teach you how to correct your mistakes, which will help to consolidate their own learning in the process.

If you don’t have the time to sit and take the whole test, you can do one question a day together for a strong, steady build-up of skills. Slow and steady definitely wins the race.

Math tip 2: Never neglect the basics!

A common mistake is to focus on the plethora of new concepts, leaving basic skills like mental arithmetic to stagnate.

Strong foundations in basic math make the harder stuff more accessible; if you’re getting nowhere with the tough questions, go back to the basics.

A good grasp of place value, multiplication facts and mental arithmetic will help when you revisit those difficult questions later on. 

Math tip 3: Challenging your 5th grader with math at home

Once your 11-year-old has the basics down and feels confident with exam technique, you can stretch their learning by introducing pre-algebra.

Confident mathematicians will enjoy the novelty and challenge of working out what the letters mean in simple equations. Keep things simple to begin with and work your way up to more difficult equations in the future. Examples of some equations you could start with include:

Equations are never high on most children’s to-do lists, but they do become increasingly important as school life goes on, so beginning to secure this knowledge at an early age is only ever beneficial.

5th Grade Math : Home Learning Toolkit for 10 and 11 Year Olds

With a new school, new friends, and new subjects all to deal with, kids can feel overwhelmed with the start of 6th grade before they even start! While it might be tempting to try and help with subjects like math by finding ways to ‘get ahead’, the best support you can offer is to make math seem less scary to your child.

Math tip 1: Make math a ‘normal’ part of life

As adults, we use math in our day-to-day lives without really thinking about it. Sometimes it doesn’t even seem like math to us, because we’ve become so used to it.

Your child won’t have that kind of context yet – to them math is still just a bunch of facts that aren’t related to real life.

Luckily, the fact that we use math all the time makes it very easy to give your child that context: get them involved in activities like shopping, cooking, working out holiday budgets; anywhere you realize you use math, get your child involved!

Math tip 2: Take time to ‘review’ the day with your child

Some of you might already automatically ask your child how their day was when they get home – and your child might reply with a one word answer, if they reply at all!

But if you take this just a little bit further, you can actually help your child strengthen the memories of what they learned that day. Your child might start by talking about things that happened with friends, or ‘funny’ bits of lessons (which we call ‘episodic’ memories).

At this point, asking something like “What were you supposed to be learning about when X happened?” will help your child remember that topic – and as they talk about it, they’ll be making that memory stronger in their minds.

It’s important not to ignore the ‘off-topic’ stuff, or try and get around it – these stories are important to your child, and listening to them shows you’re really interested in what happened to them at school.

Math tip 3: Help your child develop a Growth Mindset

A Growth Mindset is a way of looking at work. Instead of saying “I can’t do this” when they run into an especially hard problem, someone with a growth mindset will say “I can’t do this yet, but I can learn to.” It’s developing your child into young learners!

Your child may already be learning about Growth Mindset in school – it is very popular with teachers – but how you speak at home will also have an impact.

Many of us struggle with the kind of math your child will be starting to learn in 6th grade, and it’s a very natural reaction to say “I wasn’t very good at math when I was your age.”

You might mean that your child is much better at it than you are, but that’s not what they hear; you’ve managed to make it to adulthood apparently being “not very good” at math – if that’s the case, why should they bother trying?

You can encourage your child to develop a growth mindset by using phrases like “You’re working very hard on that”, “I’m sure I learned this but I’ve forgotten, can we both look at it?” and “I’m sure you can get this if you keep going” instead.

To summarize, if you find yourself wondering ‘how can I help my child with math homework?’, the simple answer is to work in stages depending on the level your child is at.

1. Early stages of math

If they are in the early stages of their mathematical journey in any single concept then you should help them by using concrete manipulatives to help them visualize the problem.

• Is your child struggling to work out what half of 12 is? 12 pieces of pasta on the kitchen table could help solve this.
• Do centimeters and inches prove problematic? Using a ruler to measure their favorite toys can help here.

The use of concrete resources is only limited by your imagination and there are hundreds of examples to be found all around the house which can help your child get better at math.

2. Good foundations

Once your child has a firm grasp on the basics, it is time to move onto representational problems to help them continue to progress.

You certainly don’t have to be an artist to use pictures as representations to help your child with math. By creating simple scenarios on paper rather than with physical objects, it begins to remove reliance on having something in front of them to help them solve the problem.

This ensures that they are using their brain as they have nothing else to help them!

3. Developing broader understanding

The final stage is to move past both the concrete and representational stage and onto the abstract stage which consists of numbers and more formal written strategies.

These are the types of questions your child will come up against in their tests, so by introducing them to them at home, you will help to ensure that they are already one step ahead of the game.

Just as when a teacher is teaching a whole class, different techniques work for different children struggling with math, so it is crucial that you take the time to find the thing that will give your child that aha moment! 

Looking for more detail? Try these articles

• The best free websites and apps for math homework help
• Division for kids: How to help at home
• Fractions for kids: How to teach it at home

Do you have students who need extra support in math? Give your students more opportunities to consolidate learning and practice skills through personalized math tutoring with their own dedicated online math tutor. Each student receives differentiated instruction designed to close their individual learning gaps, and scaffolded learning ensures every student learns at the right pace. Lessons are aligned with your state’s standards and assessments, plus you’ll receive regular reports every step of the way. Personalized one-on-one math tutoring programs are available for: – 2nd grade tutoring – 3rd grade tutoring – 4th grade tutoring – 5th grade tutoring – 6th grade tutoring – 7th grade tutoring – 8th grade tutoring Why not learn more about how it works ?

The content in this article was originally written by primary school teacher Sophie Bartlett and has since been revised and adapted for US schools by elementary math teacher Katie Keeton.

PEMDAS Math Poster (Spanish Version) [FREE]

Trying to help remember what the mnemonic PEMDAS stands for? Display this poster to engage young learners with answering questions on the order of operations.

Check out more English and Spanish posters available in our US resource library!

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The 14 Most Effective Ways to Help Your Kids with Math

Written by Ashley Crowe

Help your child build essential math skills through an engaging fantasy video game!

• Parent Resources
• How to help kids with math at home

Making math homework challenging and fun

• Signs of math struggle

How Prodigy can help kids with math

Math can be a daunting subject. Not only does it cover a huge range of skills, but it’s also one of the few subjects where a strong understanding of the fundamentals is essential for future learning.

Math is taught differently now than when many parents were in school. There’s more focus on the basics, which is great (no, really, it is). But that can feel incredibly frustrating when you’re trying to help your child understand their math homework.

No matter your history with math, you can still help your child master mathematical concepts at home. And you may even have some lightbulb moments you missed in middle school. 

Whether your child is struggling with math or wants to improve their skills, It’s time to ditch the math stress and tackle this subject together! Keep reading for our 14 best tips to help kids with math . 

How to help kids with math at home (even if you hate math)

If you have a less than stellar math history, it’s okay! You can still help your child learn the math they need to succeed. Here’s how. 

1. Maintain a positive attitude

A lot of kids (and adults) feel anxiety when presented with a math problem. But if your child is struggling with a concept, that doesn’t mean they’re bad at math. You’re not bad at math either!

Math is a skill that takes practice , just like any other. You’ll learn it, even if it’s confusing right now. This just means you don’t understand it yet.

Encourage this attitude with your child to help them build their math confidence. They can grow into math understanding, but it takes time. Use a growth mindset approach and you’ll both be amazed at what you can learn.

2. Ask math questions that interest your child

Let’s face it — some math can be boring. If your kid doesn’t care much about trains, why should they care about how fast they’re going or where they’ll meet? Instead of pushing them to answer these standard questions, ask them about what they’re actually interested in . 

Math is everywhere. You’ll find mathematical relationships throughout nature. Your child can discover angles and physics while jumping toy monster trucks. Or they can explore measurements while baking or doing crafts . 

Find numbers in what they already love and watch their interest in math grow!

3. Encourage communication

Your kid can talk your ear off about their favorite Roblox game, but when it comes to school questions, they shut down. That’s normal, but it can also make it difficult to keep up with their studies. 

When possible, try to open up some judgement-free conversations about math . Ask how it’s going and if they feel good about their new lessons. Don’t jump in and try to solve their problems right away. And be careful about remarks like, “oh, that’s easy”. If they talk, just listen.

If your child is reluctant to share, check in with their teacher. Ask about the topics they’re studying and how you can help. Then, use these insights to get the conversation going at home.

4. Be patient and take it slow

Math builds on itself, but that means it can be tricky to keep up if your child is struggling with a new concept. When this happens, slow down and back up. Don’t keep pushing new ideas until they understand the old ones. 

This same advice works for you, too. Be patient with yourself — it’s been a while since you’ve learned 4th grade math, and the work may look a lot different now. But with some time and perseverance, you can help your child succeed.

5. Practice and refine math vocabulary

Math vocabulary is all around us, but that doesn’t mean we’re very comfortable with it. Try using math vocabulary in everyday language and it will slowly start feeling a lot less intimidating. Bring up percentages when you're shopping a sale, or talk about parts of a whole while cooking.

Of course, there are plenty of math words we don’t see everyday. Do you remember exponents, tangents, or the commutative property? If not, that’s totally okay! All you need is a refresher and some practice. 

For example, when your child is studying areas, take some time to make sure you understand what you’re actually discovering. Understanding the bigger concept (calculating the amount of surface space vs just plugging in length and width) is what will bring those light bulb moments. 

6. Show math in everyday life

We’ve said it before, but it’s worth repeating — math is everywhere. It’s probably not trigonometry  or pre-calculus, but you’re doing math all the time. Pay attention and you’ll catch these math moments. When you do, share them with your child.

When kids are young, just counting or sorting is a great start. As they get older, look for math lessons while baking, shopping, playing games, or talking about money. Budgeting is a major life skill that uses so much math. Find these practical math moments and help your child see the value in a math education. 

7. Get your child to teach you math

Math looks a little different now. If your kid’s homework is confusing for you, ask them to explain their process . 

This is a great connecting moment to share with your child. And it can set you up to be a better helper if they run into frustration in later lessons.

8. Talk about math around the house 

Seriously, math is everywhere. It’s true! And that means you’re not bad at math — you do it every day! Find places to use math around your house to help your child’s math abilities come to life.

Count the slices of pizza the next time you order out, then determine the percentage of pizza everyone has eaten. Get your little ones to help you sort socks. Talk about the probability of rolling an even number during your family night board game session. Look around and you’ll find tons of opportunities!

9. Use online math resources 

If you have access to the internet, there’s always somewhere you can get all of your math questions answered. 

There are many free learning resources, like those on the Prodigy blog . Give them a read and then explore math together with your child. There are always opportunities to learn something new online, especially when it comes to math!

10. Try game-based learning

If you find your child getting frustrated, ditch the textbooks and worksheets and try something different. 

Game-based learning is all the rage, and for good reason. Kids are naturally drawn to games , whether they’re cooperative board games or video games played on their tablets. Why? Because games are fun and exciting!

Game-based learning can take the stress out of math instruction. Kids can practice their math with just the right mix of the familiar and the challenging. 

Prodigy Math , for example, is a game-based learning platform where players explore fantasy worlds, build characters and battle friends — all while answering curriculum-aligned math questions !

The adaptive algorithm always adjusts to math your child’s grade and skill level, so they can grow their math confidence while you take a homework break. And with your own parent account, you can support their learning and keep track of what they’re working on. 

11. Join education-based parent groups 

Looking for new and effective ways to help your child with their studies? Join some parent-led groups focused on education (try the Prodigy Parent Community on Facebook!). Online or local in-person groups are great for finding a variety of tips and tricks to help you help your child.

Homeschooling groups are a great place to start. Or ask other parents from your child’s class how they’re coping with the newest lesson. You can even use Instagram to find parent influencers sharing their best ideas for helping your child learn. Parents understand the struggle, and they’re here to help!

12. Keep the workspace neat and tidy

Where does your child do most of their homework? 

If they’re working at the kitchen table, help them stay focused by removing distractions from the area. If they have their own desks, remind them to neaten it up every now and again. Math requires focus, and a cluttered space can lead to a distracted mind.

13. Provide homework help

It’s rare that a child loves doing homework. It’s already been a long day, and it’s understandable if they just want to get back to the things they love. If your child is really struggling with homework, offer to help!

It’s frustrating to look at the same problem over and over and never see the solution. That’s not helping them learn — it’s just breaking their confidence. Instead, step in with a fresh set of eyes and tackle it together. Talk through the problem and give a new perspective. It may be just what they need for their next “a-ha” moment.

14. Consider getting a math tutor

As your child moves into high school math courses, you may reach the end of your math comfort levels. In this case, look at your child’s math tutoring options.  

Another student in class may do the trick. But if that’s not the right fit, find an experienced educator, whether you’re looking for in-person or online tutoring sessions . This may be just the thing your child needs to boost their academic confidence.

If your child barely makes it through their nightly math problems, look for ways to add a little fun to their practice. 

Is there a way to relate their latest math lesson to one of their favorite things? For elementary students, think of beloved TV show characters or toys. Early math (like addition and subtraction) is easy to take off the page with their favorite toy collection. Create a set of rocks or stuffed animals. Then add, take away and sort.

Even high school math can be better understood using fun learning moments. Angles can be explored while playing a game of pool. Or throw a Pi day extravaganza, complete with delicious treats. Get creative, and be sure to celebrate their math wins along the way!

Look for signs of math struggle

It’s normal for your child to run into some difficulty in their math classes. Math is a complicated subject, and it can get very abstract at times. Encourage them to keep trying and use our tips above to help them along their learning journey.

But sometimes the struggle can build to a point where they may need additional help. Talk with your child’s teacher if you notice any of these signs of school struggle:

• Falling grades
• Loss of appetite
• Lack of communication
• Change in emotional state
• Lack of enthusiasm about school

Your child may not communicate the stress they feel, but try talking with them. They may have just fallen behind and have lost some of their confidence with math. Or it may be more than just math class affecting their mood. Open up communication to figure out the cause of their struggles, then brainstorm a solution plan together with their teacher.

Over the last couple of years, many have felt the pressure of trying to be both parent and teacher. If you find both you and your kids struggling with their math lessons, step back and try Prodigy Math.

This engaging learning platform can help you keep math learning fun and your child’s confidence high! 

To them, it’s a fun video game they can enjoy during screen time. But while they’re enjoying the exciting world of Prodigy, they can practice math while you monitor their progress from the parent dashboard. 

Prodigy meets your child where they are and keeps them on track with grade standards. No more butting heads or stressful kitchen table math lessons. 

Give Prodigy Math a try today and take the stress out of your evenings!

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