essay on language of bihar

Essay on Bihar

Students are often asked to write an essay on Bihar in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Bihar

Introduction.

Bihar is a state in the eastern part of India. It is the third-largest state in terms of population. The capital city is Patna.

Bihar has a rich history. It was the center of power, learning, and culture in ancient India. It is the birthplace of Buddhism.

Bihar’s culture is very diverse. It is known for its music, dance, and festivals. Bihari cuisine is also very famous.

Bihar’s economy is primarily agricultural. It is a major producer of vegetables and fruits. It also has a growing service sector.

Bihar is a state with a rich history and diverse culture. It has a lot to offer to its residents and visitors.

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250 Words Essay on Bihar

Bihar, located in the eastern part of India, is a state rich in history and culture. Known for its ancient universities and religious sites, Bihar has been a significant center of learning, culture, and power in ancient and classical India.

Historical Significance

Bihar’s historical significance is unparalleled. It was the center of the Maurya and Gupta empires, two of the most powerful dynasties in Indian history. The state was also the birthplace of Buddhism, with Gautama Buddha achieving enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, a town in Bihar.

Cultural Diversity

Bihar’s culture is a blend of diverse traditions and practices. The state is known for its unique art forms like Madhubani painting and traditional dance styles such as Jat-Jatin and Bidesia. The Bihari cuisine, with dishes like Litti Chokha and Sattu Paratha, is famous for its flavors and simplicity.

Economic Aspects

Bihar’s economy primarily revolves around agriculture, with rice, wheat, and lentils as major crops. Despite its agricultural predominance, Bihar faces several challenges like poverty and lack of industrialization. However, recent years have seen significant efforts towards infrastructural development and economic reform.

Bihar, with its rich history and cultural diversity, holds a unique place in the Indian subcontinent. Despite economic challenges, the state continues to progress, striving to balance its historical legacy with modern development. The essence of Bihar lies in its resilience and the vibrant amalgamation of tradition and transformation.

500 Words Essay on Bihar

Bihar, an Indian state, is a region of historic and cultural significance. Known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and diverse population, Bihar is a fascinating study in contrasts. It is a place where ancient traditions coexist with modern development, where the urban and rural landscapes merge seamlessly.

Bihar’s history dates back to the dawn of Indian civilization. It was the center of power, learning, and culture in ancient and classical India. The state was home to two of India’s major empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire. Bihar is also the birthplace of Buddhism, with Bodh Gaya, the place where Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment, located here. The remnants of its glorious past, such as the ruins of Nalanda University, are still visible today and serve as a testament to Bihar’s historical significance.

Bihar’s culture is a rich tapestry of diverse traditions, languages, and festivals. The state’s cultural heritage is reflected in its folk music, dance, and art forms. Bihari cuisine, known for its distinctive flavors and variety, also reflects the state’s cultural diversity. Festivals like Chhath Puja, which is unique to Bihar, showcase the state’s vibrant traditions and religious fervor.

Economy and Development

Bihar’s economy has traditionally been agrarian, with agriculture employing the majority of the population. The state is a major producer of fruits, vegetables, and grains in India. However, in recent years, Bihar has made significant strides in its economic development. The state government has implemented several initiatives to promote industrial growth and infrastructural development. Despite these advancements, Bihar continues to face challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and underdevelopment.

Education and Social Challenges

Education in Bihar has seen considerable improvement over the years. The state government has made concerted efforts to increase literacy rates and improve the quality of education. However, Bihar still grapples with issues like gender disparity in education and inadequate educational infrastructure.

Socially, Bihar is a melting pot of various castes, religions, and ethnic groups. While this diversity is a strength, it also presents challenges. Caste-based discrimination and communal tensions are some of the social issues that Bihar faces.

Bihar, with its rich history and cultural diversity, is a state that encapsulates the essence of India. Despite its challenges, Bihar’s potential for growth and development is immense. The state’s journey from a cradle of civilization to a developing region in modern India is a testament to its resilience and dynamism. The future of Bihar lies in leveraging its historical legacy and cultural richness while addressing its socio-economic challenges.

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Culture of Bihar- Language, literature, Folk songs, Artforms, Fairs and Festivals

Bihar is a large state of India covering approximately 94,163 square kilometres. The Culture of Bihar , language, customs, and traditions change from region to region. But, the people have embraced the customs and traditions of each other and celebrate each other’s festivals and beliefs and together live in harmony.

Language and literature of Bihar

The main language spoken in Bihar is Hindi. It is spoken by approximately 80.9 per cent of the population. Urdu and Santhali are other prominent languages used by the people. Different Indian languages can be traced back to different ethnic groups of India and have evolved from different stocks of population. Broadly speaking we can differentiate the Indian languages into the following groups:

• Indo- Aryan
• Sino- Tibetan

In major languages of India comprise the two dominant groups the Dravidians and the Indo- Aryans. The language used in Bihar belongs to the Indo- European family of languages that came to India with the advent of the Aryans. Bihari language is made up of all the main languages of western and Northern India. It is a mix of Bengali, Marathi, Punjabi, Hindi, Gujarati, Oriya, Kashmiri, Sanskrit, Urdu, Pahari, Sindhi, and others. 

If divided on the basis of language and culture Bihar can be attributed to four Regional identities:

• The tribal languages

The region of Bihar where Magadhi is spoken is the Magadh Pradesh of ancient times and today consists of approximately the district of Patna and the North half of the District of Gaya. Although the Magadhi language is also used in Aurangabad, Munger, Nalanda, Narada, Girdih, Dhanbad, Hazaribagh, Palamau (North-Eastern), the purest form of the language is to be found in the districts of Gaya and Patna. Hence, they can be considered as the core of the language.

As the name suggests, Bhojpuri is the language of Bhojpuri which is the name of the town of a district in Shahabad. The districts where Bhojpuri is spoken today are Bhojpur, Chapra, Siwan, Molinari, Palamu, Rohtas, Gopalganj, Champaran, Hazaribagh, Western Vaishali, and Muzaffarpur. Bhojpuri is the folk language of the rural people and the folk tales and songs in Bhojpuri come across as the mirror of the religious, socio-cultural and political aspects of the Bhojpuri people. Bhojpuri was always influenced by Brij Bhasha. Bhakti literature then was written in the Bhojpuri language. This continued but after the 19th century, not much attention was paid towards cultivating this language.

Literature of Bihar

Since ancient times, Bihar has been a land of education, culture, and scientific events. The Mauryan period was an important seat of learning and scholars from all over the world came seeking knowledge to the great Nalanda University. Great personalities like Lord Buddha, Lord Mahavira, Guru Gobind Singh (the last Guru of the Sikhs), Aryabhatta (the great Mathematician) (476 to 550 AD) all lived on this land. Nalanda was the world’s first seat of higher learning and was sought after by scholars of the nations world over. It remained thus from the 5th to the 11th century Before its decline began. Lord Buddha had taught in this university and the Chinese traveller Hieun Tsang was a student here. A number of great writers and scholars have flourished in Bihar and made important contributions to the literature of Bihar. Some great poets and Authors of Bihar are:

• Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Ram Avtar Sharma
• R. K. Sinha
• Shivpujan Sahai
• Ramdhari Rambriksh Banipuri
• Pandit Nalin Vilochan Sharma
• Mridula Sinha
• Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
• Jhaand Baba Nagarjun
• Maha Pandit Rahul Sankrityayan.

Folk dances of Bihar

Bihar is a state rich in its folk art songs and dances. Various forms of folk dances are prevalent in different regions of Bihar. 

• Bidesia- it is a folk dance form popular in the Bhojpuri speaking regions of Bihar. The Bidesia dance form is accompanied by the Biraha folk songs of Bihar. The Biraha songs demote the pain, sorrow, and anguish of the woman left behind by her lover for various reasons. It is said that Bihari Thakur started the concept of Bidesia dance form through which he raised the conflicting themes of upper caste and lower caste discrepancy, the rift between the rich and poor classes, and other such issues.
• Jhijhia- It is a very popular dance form of Bihar. Also known as Jijiya, it is an all-women dance in which women depict their adoration for Lord Indra and give offerings to please him. The dance is performed when there is a situation of draught. When the land is parched and cracked and there is no hope for rain, the village women dress up in all their finery and sing and dance to please the rain god, appealing for rain and harmony. This is a ritualistic dance.
• Phagua- Holi, the festival of colours is celebrated all over the country. In Bihar, the celebrations are accompanied by the phagua folk songs, accompanied with dholak, jhal-manjira, harmonium, and other instruments. The phauga dance along with the song tells the story of Bhakt Prahlad and his demon father Hiranya Kashipu and also of Prahlas’s aunt Holika.
• Jhumri Dance- Jhumri is popular in the Mithila Region. It is performed by married women and is somewhat similar to the Garba dance of Gujarat. It celebrates the romantic seasons of the months of Ashwin and Kartik when nature is at its attractive best. Jhumri is a seasonal dance that celebrates the joy of the season.
• Jat-Jatin Dance- this dance belong to the Mithila Kosi region of North Bihar. Originally it was based on the story of the separation of two lovers  Jat and Jatin, but, evolved over time and now raises social issues like floods, poverty, drought, and others.
• Kajri- The humming and singing of Kajri songs start with the advent of Shravan (monsoon). As the raindrops fall the Kajri dancers dance in tune with the musical notes of the Kajri songs. This folk song and dance celebrates the month of monsoon.
• Sohar Khilona Dance- it is a ceremonial dance to celebrate the birth of a child in the family. This occasion is celebrated throughout the country with different traditional rituals. In Bihar, ladies sing Sohar songs praising and comparing the child with Lord Rama, Lord Krishna, and other Gods. The dancers dancing to the Sohar wear masks.
• Paola Dance- this dance is more of a martial art performance. It is performed with a sword and shield and incites the viewers to work for a better physique and indulge in courageous activities.

Folk songs of Bihar

In Bihar, folk songs have so deeply impacted the lives of the people that it is still alive. The credit for preserving it to date goes to devotees who sing the Bhajans and Kirtana, the woman folk of Bihar, and the villagers. It was in the 11th century that Nanya Deva of Mithila (1097 – 1133) who was a great patron of music developed popular ragas which are continuing till today. This Mithila music was carried to Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal. Later, during the Muslim period, the art form of music and dance were suppressed but survived. Some of the Ragas which originated in Bihar are:

• Lagani, and others

These forms celebrated the seasons, the emotions, and the religious tags invoke Gods and Goddesses.

The folk dance and songs of Bihar are also preserved by the perseverance of the devotees, the Nagar shobhinis, and the Nagar vadhus of the older times. The common people too adopted the song and dance forms for their entertainment and to sing praises of the Gods. This, preserving the else art forms. The singing of religious songs like Bhajan Kirtan is very common throughout Bihar.  Kajri, Chaita, Birha and Basant songs are seasonal ragas. Jatasari, sohar, and jhumar are traditional entertainment songs. Ramleela nautanki and bhikariya songs can be heard at festivals and fairs. 

Art forms of Bihar

Madhubani painting is the most well known and celebrated art form of Bihar. Since it originates from the Mithila Region of Bihar, it is also known as Mithila paintings. The colours used in this are natural dyes and mineral pigments. Different paintings are meant for different occasions and festivals. The natural dyes are filled in the drawings with brushes, fingers, twigs, and matchsticks. Traditionally the paintings were made on freshly plastered mud walls. But, now cloth, handmade paper, canvas, and other backgrounds are used for these paintings. Madhubani paintings are based on natural objects like- sun, moon, rivers, flora and fauna, dirties, mythological scenes, and man’s association with nature.

Sujini Embroidery:

Sujini Embroidery is an art form in which old, used, and worn-out clothes are given a new lease of life. Several worn-out sarees and dhotis folded on top of each other are put together in a close running stitch in colourful threads. Women often stitch in some narratives in these stitches.

Applique Kathwa Patchwork:

Kathwa Patchwork comprises pieces of patchwork sewn onto a larger piece of cloth. The edges of the patchwork are stitched onto the fabric. This applique work is mainly used to make table covers, curtains, cushions, canopies, and tents. The designs used are from nature, like trees, birds, animals, flowers, and others.

Sikki Grass work:

Sikki is obtained from an annual plant that grows during the monsoon. After the plant dries, the flowering part of the plant is cut off and the bottom is stored to make attractive sikki articles from it. The dried Grass is dyed in different colours and a variety of articles like baskets, boxes, toys, etc., are prepared. 

Tikuli work:

It is an art form made from broken glass. The artisans melt the broken glass and give it different shapes and designs. 

Bangle Making:

The best Bangle Making region in Bihar is Muzaffarpur. The artisans get their raw material from the nearby forests. The bangles are given a circular shape by using light fire. 

Yampuri Puppetry:

Yampuri is the name given to the traditional rod Puppetry of Bihar. Wooden puppets which are made in one piece and have no joints are held and manoeuvred by rods from below. Shows of Yampuri puppets are also called Baikunth Darshan shows.

Stonework: 

During the Mauryan period, stone and architecture work were at their peak. But, today it is contained in pathar katti in the Gaya district. Since blue-black pot stone is easily available here, household articles, statues, etc., are made by artisans. Very fine fountains and tables in stone are also made. 

Wood inlay:

The wood inlay is an ancient industry in Bihar. Today it is done with materials like ivory, mental, and staghorn.

Lacquer work, printed textiles, leathercraft, papier-mâché, pottery works, bamboo art are other forms of handicraft. 

Fairs and Festivals of Bihar:

Bihar is a state well known for its various fairs and festivals.

Sonpur Cattle Fair

The Sonpur cattle fair held yearly at Sonpur is a vast land of teeming humanity, cattle, horses, buffaloes, elephants, and others. It is also known as the Harihar Kshetra Mela. The fair commences on Kartik Purnima and lasts for 15 days. 

Makar Sankranti Mela

This is another famous Melanie held in Rajgir in the month of Posh (mid-January). Devotees worship the ditties at hot springs. Another makar Sankranti Mela is held in the Mandar hills in the Banka district of the state. The significance of this place is that the Mandar Hill shows the markings of servant coil around it. It is believed that the hill was used during Sagarmanthan (churning of the ocean) to attain Amrit (nectar).

Pitrapaksh Mela

During the Pitrapaksha ritual in September/ October, Gaya town witnesses the famous Pitrapaksha mela or the Ancestor worship. The descendent of Magga Brahmins (once devotees of Shiva), later converted to Vaishnavism help the pilgrims with the vehicle shrad cerekknynor the pind Dan. This ritual is for the departed soul to attain salvation. 

Vishjupada Temple Mela

The Vishnupada temple was built in 1787 by Rani Aahiliya Bai of Indore. The shrad ceremony is performed under a fig tree near the temple. The women perform the rituals indoors. 

Shravani Mela

Shravani Mela is held in the month of Shravan. It covers the 108-kilometre route linking Sultanganj (Bihar) and Deoghar in Jharkhand. Lakhs of Kawarias (pilgrims) wearing the saffron collect water from river Ganga at Sultanganj and walk barefoot to the temple situated at Deoghar. They bathe the Shivlinga at the Deoghar temple as an offering. Thousands of people throng alongside the route. The government and many institutions, charitable trusts, and individuals offer service along the route for the Kawarias to cover the pilgrimage safely and with ease. 

Saurath sabha

An annual gathering at the Saurath village of Madhubani district of Bihar. Held in the month of June, it is a gathering of Mathil (Mithila Brahmins). Known as Saurath sabha, it is held in an enormous mango Grove. Parents and guardians of children of marriageable age come to this sabha with the horoscopes and find suitable matches for their wards. 

Rajgir Mahotsav

It is held every year during the last week of December in the hilly Rajgir region. The Mahotsav consists of vibrant and excellent folk art, besides classical and cultural live performances by renowned artists from all over the country. 

Festivals of Bihar

Madhu shravani.

It is a festival celebrated in the month of Shravan (July – August). It is a festival of the Mithila Pradesh. Newly married women perform the rituals. Snake worship is performed at this festival.

Sama Chakeva

This festival too is popular in Mithila. It celebrated the deep relationship between brother and sister. Also, heralds the beginning of the migration of birds from the Himalayas to the plains. 

On the auspicious birthday of Rama, this festival is celebrated with joy and reverence in Bihar. Many devotees keep fast for seven days. An atmosphere of celebration and gaiety prevails. The temples dedicated to Lord Rama are decorated, special prayers are held, and offerings are made.

Buddha Jayanti

Gaya witnesses the holy gathering of Buddhist pilgrims on the occasion of Buddha Jayanti. It is an international Buddhist gathering held annually in the month of Vaisak (April/ May). The annual session of the Dalai Lama also is held in December. 

Mahavir Jayanti

It is celebrated in the Parasnath hill at Vaishali. Deo deep-water is celebrated at Pawapuri. It is celebrated 10 days after Diwali. It marks the occasion of attainment Nirvana by Mahavir. 

In this article, we have discussed the culture of Bihar, about its rich heritage and harmonious co-existence of its people. We hope this article will help you with your purpose.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions: 

s: What are the main languages used in Bihar? Answer: The main language spoken in Bihar is Hindi. It is spoken by approximately 80.9 per cent of the population. Urdu and Santhali are other prominent languages used by the people. Different Indian languages can be traced back to different ethnic groups of India and have evolved from different stocks of population. Broadly speaking we can differentiate the Indian languages into the following groups: •    Indo- Aryan •    Sino- Tibetan •    Dravidian •    Austric •    Negroid

Some of the Ragas which originated in Bihar are: •    Nachari •    Phaag •    Chaita •    Purbi •    Lagani,  •    Negroid

Some great poets and Authors of Bihar are: •    Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Ram Avtar Sharma •    R. K. Sinha •    Shivpujan Sahai •    Ramdhari Rambriksh Banipuri •    Pandit Nalin Vilochan Sharma •    Mridula Sinha •    Pankaj Raj •    Ramdhari Singh Dinkar •    Jhaand Baba Nagarjun •    Maha Pandit Rahul Sankrityayan.

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Bihar Essay – 100, 500, 1000 Words, 10 Lines

Bihar Essay: In this essay in English , delve into the rich tapestry of Bihar, India, exploring its historical significance, cultural diversity, economic landscape, and societal dynamics. Uncover the state’s pivotal role in India’s history, from ancient civilizations to the modern era, and examine how its cultural heritage has shaped the identity of the region.

This comprehensive article provides a nuanced understanding of Bihar , encompassing its geographical features, economic activities, educational advancements, and the challenges it faces in the contemporary context.

Table of Contents

Bihar Essay in 10 Lines in English

A concise exploration of Bihar’s historical significance, cultural diversity, economic landscape, and contemporary challenges in 10 lines.

• Bihar, located in eastern India, boasts a rich historical legacy with ancient sites like Nalanda and Bodh Gaya.
• Cultural diversity thrives in Bihar, serving as a melting pot for various religious and linguistic communities.
• The Ganges River flows through Bihar, shaping fertile plains and contributing to the state’s agricultural prosperity.
• Economic progress is evident in Bihar’s focus on infrastructure development and industrial growth in recent years.
• Despite strides, challenges persist, including issues of poverty, unemployment, and infrastructural gaps.
• Bihar has a literary heritage with poets like Vidyapati and literary figures such as Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar.’
• Birthplace to key political leaders, Bihar played a pivotal role in India’s independence movement.
• Educational advancements are underway, notably with institutions like Patna University, though improvements are needed.
• Vibrant festivals like Chhath Puja contribute to the cultural richness of Bihar.
• Bihar stands as a state of contrasts, blending ancient heritage with modern aspirations, shaping its unique place in India’s diverse landscape.

Also See – My State Gujarat Essay – Short Essay, 10 Lines, 500 & 1000 Words

Bihar Essay in Short Essay in 100 Words

A brief overview highlighting Bihar’s historical significance, cultural diversity, economic progress, and ongoing challenges in a concise 100-word short essay.

Bihar, in eastern India, resonates with historical glory through sites like Nalanda. Its cultural fabric weaves together diverse communities, fostering a rich tapestry of traditions. The Ganges flows through fertile plains, sustaining agriculture.

Recent strides in infrastructure and industry signal economic growth, yet challenges persist, including poverty and unemployment. Bihar’s literary heritage shines with poets like Vidyapati.

It holds a pivotal place in India’s political history as the birthplace of key leaders. Educational institutions like Patna University signify progress. Vibrant festivals like Chhath Puja add to the state’s cultural vibrancy, encapsulating Bihar’s unique blend of ancient heritage and contemporary aspirations.

Bihar Essay in English in 500 Words

A comprehensive exploration of Bihar’s history, culture, economy, and contemporary challenges in this 500-word essay.

Bihar: A Mosaic of History, Culture, and Aspirations

Nestled in the eastern part of India, Bihar stands as a testament to the nation’s intricate tapestry of history, culture, and aspirations. With roots dating back to ancient civilizations, Bihar has played a pivotal role in shaping India’s narrative. Home to renowned sites like Nalanda, the ancient center of learning, and Bodh Gaya, the birthplace of Buddhism, Bihar carries a profound historical significance.

Culturally, Bihar is a melting pot, fostering a vibrant mosaic of traditions and languages. Its diverse communities, representing various religious and linguistic backgrounds, contribute to the state’s unique identity. Festivals like Chhath Puja, celebrated with fervor, exemplify the cultural richness embedded in the daily lives of Biharis.

Geographically, the Ganges River flows through the heart of Bihar, blessing its fertile plains and sustaining a robust agricultural landscape. The state’s economy has witnessed notable progress in recent years, marked by initiatives in infrastructure development and industrial growth. However, persistent challenges such as poverty and unemployment underscore the need for continued efforts towards inclusive development.

Bihar’s literary heritage is illustrious, with poets like Vidyapati and literary figures such as Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’ contributing significantly to the Indian literary landscape. Their works echo the soul of Bihar, capturing the essence of its people and their enduring spirit.

Politically, Bihar has been a cradle for leaders who played pivotal roles in India’s struggle for independence. The state’s contribution to the political history of the nation remains profound, and the legacy of these leaders continues to shape Bihar’s identity.

In the realm of education, Bihar has made strides with institutions like Patna University. However, there is acknowledgment of the need for ongoing improvements to meet the evolving educational landscape.

While Bihar embraces its historical and cultural richness, it simultaneously grapples with contemporary challenges. Issues of poverty, unemployment, and infrastructural gaps require strategic interventions to ensure sustained growth and development.

In conclusion, Bihar encapsulates a unique blend of ancient heritage and contemporary aspirations. Its historical significance, cultural diversity, economic progress, and ongoing challenges collectively paint a dynamic portrait of a state striving for holistic development. Bihar’s journey reflects the larger narrative of India, where echoes of the past resonate with the aspirations of the future.

Bihar Essay in 1000 Words

A comprehensive 1000-word exploration covering the historical legacy, cultural diversity, economic landscape, societal dynamics, and contemporary challenges of the eastern Indian state.

Bihar: A Holistic Exploration

Introduction

Nestled in the eastern part of India, Bihar is a state that encapsulates the rich tapestry of the nation’s history, culture, and aspirations. Spanning over 1500 words, this essay provides a comprehensive exploration of Bihar, delving into its historical legacy, cultural diversity, economic landscape, societal dynamics, and contemporary challenges.

Historical Legacy

Bihar’s history is intertwined with ancient civilizations, evident in sites like Nalanda and Bodh Gaya. These remnants showcase the state’s pivotal role in India’s past, particularly as a center of learning and the birthplace of Buddhism. This section unravels Bihar’s historical significance and its contributions to the cultural and intellectual heritage of the nation.

Cultural Diversity

Bihar serves as a melting pot of various religious and linguistic communities. Festivals like Chhath Puja and cultural practices reflect the vibrant mosaic of traditions that thrive in the state. This section explores how Bihar’s cultural diversity has been a source of strength, contributing to its unique identity within the larger Indian context.

Geographical and Agricultural Landscape

The Ganges River flows through Bihar, blessing its fertile plains and contributing to a robust agricultural sector. This section examines the geographical features of Bihar and their influence on the state’s economic and agricultural prosperity, highlighting the significance of the Ganges in shaping the region.

Economic Landscape

In recent years, Bihar has witnessed notable economic progress with a focus on infrastructure development and industrial growth. However, challenges such as poverty and unemployment persist. This section delves into Bihar’s economic trajectory, exploring the initiatives undertaken for development and the hurdles that need to be addressed for sustained growth.

Literary Heritage

Bihar’s literary contributions are illustrious, with poets like Vidyapati and literary figures such as Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’ leaving an indelible mark. Their works not only reflect the essence of Bihar but also contribute significantly to the broader Indian literary landscape. This section celebrates Bihar’s literary heritage and its enduring impact.

Political Legacy

Bihar has been a cradle for leaders who played pivotal roles in India’s struggle for independence. This section examines the political legacy of Bihar, detailing the contributions of key leaders and their enduring influence on the state’s political landscape.

Educational Advancements

Educationally, Bihar has made strides with institutions like Patna University. However, ongoing improvements are necessary to meet the evolving educational landscape. This section explores Bihar’s educational advancements, acknowledging achievements and addressing areas that require attention.

Contemporary Challenges

While Bihar embraces its historical and cultural richness, it simultaneously grapples with contemporary challenges. Issues such as poverty, unemployment, and infrastructural gaps require strategic interventions for holistic development. This section sheds light on the present-day challenges faced by Bihar and the efforts needed to overcome them.

In conclusion, Bihar emerges as a state of contrasts, blending ancient heritage with contemporary aspirations. Its historical significance, cultural diversity, economic progress, literary contributions, political legacy, and educational advancements collectively shape Bihar’s dynamic identity. This essay provides a holistic exploration, offering a nuanced understanding of a state that embodies the essence of India’s past and present.

Bihar’s narrative is a tapestry woven with threads of history, cultural diversity, economic strides, literary brilliance, political significance, and educational advancements. As the state grapples with contemporary challenges, it simultaneously embodies resilience and potential.

Bihar’s journey reflects not only its own dynamic evolution but also echoes the broader story of India—an amalgamation of tradition and progress, poised for a future that holds promise and the fulfillment of aspirations.

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Essay on Bihar in English Language For Students

The contribution of Bihar in the Indian freedom struggle has been unforgettable. But after independence, the feeling of casteism and high and low took away Bihar.

The rest of the destruction took place under the rule of Shri Lalu Yadav and Rabri Devi and Bihar returned to the Lantern Age.

But, since 2006 till now, with the arrival of Nitish Kumar, a ray of hope has arisen in the public and Bihar is developing.

The total area of ​​Bihar is 99,220 square kilometer. Its capital is Patna. Hindi, Urdu, Santhali, Bangla, Oriya etc. are the main languages ​​here.

Essay on Bihar State in English

Bihar has a very proud history. Lord Buddha appeared on this holy land of Bihar. Bihar has been a major center of education since ancient times.

Today Bihar is walking on the path of progress. For the reconstruction of Bihar, the central and state governments are working on many schemes.

Work is being done on a war footing to further improve the condition of the roads in the state.

There is no dearth of mineral wealth here. The state government is working on their mining and their proper use.

Where there is a terrible devastation due to floods, the work of building dams is being done.

It is known to all that the floods in Kosi had wreaked havoc on the areas there. The Bihar government had taken this very seriously, necessary work is in progress for this.

Not only this, for the progress in the field of agriculture in Bihar, the government has started many schemes.

Farmers are being provided with improved seeds, fertilizers and other essential commodities so that production can increase.

Along with this, various meetings are also being organized by the government from time to time in the villages.

In these meetings, agricultural scientists solve various problems of farmers.

In the field of education also, progress is being made continuously in this state. Latest technical education is being given to the students, as a result of which the students here are bringing laurels to their state in foreign countries as well.

In the medical colleges of Bihar, the students are being educated by ordering the latest equipment from abroad.

Earlier people of Bihar had to go to other states for open heart surgery and dialysis.

But now the people of Bihar do not have to go out for the treatment of these two. It is a symbol of progress of higher education in Bihar.

The progress of higher education in Bihar can also be understood from the fact that the students here are achieving success in various higher competitive examinations of the country.

Bihar is progressing all-round under the leadership of Chief Minister Nitish Kumar. Roads, bridges etc are being repaired. The means of transport have increased.

The government is trying to solve the power shortage in Bihar. Efforts are being made to get rid of the flood.

The World Bank is also helping a lot under the Kosi reconstruction scheme.

In the past, the crime graph in Bihar had increased. Big businessmen, industrialists. Doctors etc. have migrated to other states. This problem has also reduced.

Now the government is trying to crack down on corruption. Now it is expected that industrialists will work to set up industries in Bihar like Gujarat.

But Bihar is an agricultural state. Therefore, the government will have to make a lot of efforts for the development of agriculture.

Only then our Bihar will move forward on the path of progress.

Also Read –

• Essay on Discipline in English For Students
• Essay on Student Life in English For Students

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Back to main page, languages and literature of bihar.

  Introduction

• In India there are 22 scheduled languages, 114 other languages, 216 mother tongues, 96 non specified languages and totally up to 10000 languages spoken by the people in different region and part of India.
• In Bihar major language is Hindi that spoken by 80.9% of population and other are Urdu and Santali.

Classification Indian languages have evolved from different stocks and are closely connected with the different ethnic groups/ people of India. Broadly the Indian languages can be put into six groups: 1. Indo-Aryan, 2. Dravidian, 3. Sino-Tibetan, 4. Negroid, 5. Austric and These languages have interacted on one another through the centuries and have produced the major linguistic divisions of modern India. The Indo-Aryan and the Dravidian are the dominant groups and together comprises all the major languages of India. Bihari language belong to first one.

Indo-Aryan:

• It is part of the Indo-European family of languages, which came to India with the Aryans.
• It is the biggest of the language groups in India and accounts for about 74% of the total Indian population.
• It comprises of all the principal languages of northern and western India such as Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Sindhi, Rajasthani, Assamese, Oriya, Pahari, Bihari, Kashmiri, Urdu and Sanskrit.

Linguistic Identities in Bihar

• On the basis of language-cum-culture, the present day Bihar can be divided into four distinct categories of subregional identities – Maithili, Bhojpuri, Magadhi and the tribal language(s) of the Jharkhand region.
• Grierson has described the language of Bihar as Bihari, 4 which in his scheme of classification belongs to the Eastern group of Hindi, covering an area of 90,000 square miles and is spoken by the 36,000,000 people from the Himalayas on the north to Singhbhum on the South, and from Manbhum on the South-east to Basti on the north-west.
• The word ‘Maghi’ is a deviant of sanskrit word Magadhi. And the region in which this dialect is spoken is referred as Magadha.
• The ancient land of Magadha now roughly corresponds to the present districts of Patna and northern half of Gaya district.
• Though the Magahi language extends to the other parts of Bihar such as Na landa, Aurangabad, Nawada, Monghyr, Gir idih, Hazaribagh, Dhanbad, North-eastern Palamau, Northern Ranchi and the other parts of Bihar, the purest form of Magahi is preserved only in the districts of Patna and Gaya.
• This may be referred as a ‘core region’ of the Magahi language.
• Core region preserves not only the purity of dialect and cultural distinctiveness, it also helps in the determination of and sealing in the variation of the dialect or language. Magahi linguistically bordered.
• Properly speaking Bhojpuri is the language of Bhojpur, “the name of town or pargana in the North-West of the district of Shahabad.”
• In Bihar, the district in which it is spoken are Bhojpur, Rohtas, Chapra, Gopalganj, Siwan, Champaran, Motihari, Palamau, Ranchi, Hazaribagh, western portion of Vaishali and Muzaffarpur,20 besides in some parts of Santhal Pargana.
• Bhojpuri language and culture have always been under the influence of West and Western forms of speech like Brajbhasa, Awadhi and Hindostani.
• Further, the history of Bhojpuri language and literature is connected with the social and spiritual movements that were launched in the 9th century by the Siddhas or various spiritual sects of that time in Bihar and Bengal.
• The Sant Sahitya produced Bhakti literature and was written in Bhojpuri language.
• This tradition continued upto 19th century. Except in this century, no conscious effort was ever made to cultivate this dialect.
• It is a folk-language of the rural people who expressed lares and tales through this language.
• In folk tales and songs, one comes across the sociocultural, religious and political aspects of Bhojapuri life. Some of these songs are Sohar, Jhumar, Purbi, Janeo-geet, Bahura, Sitala, Ropani ke geet, Parati, Bhajan, Nachari, Kajari etc.

Bihari literature

• It has been shaped by a number of writers of Hindi, including Raja Radhika Raman Sinha, Acharya Ramlochan Saran, Acharya Shivpujan Sahay, Divakar Prasad Vidyarthy, Ramdhari Singh ‘Dinkar’, Phanishwar Nath ‘Renu’, Gopal Singh “Nepali”, Ramesh Chandra Jhaand Baba Nagarjun.
• Writer and Buddhistscholar Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan was born in Uttar Pradesh but spent his life in the land of Lord Buddha, i.e., Bihar.
• Hrishikesh Sulabhis a short story writer, playwright and theatre critic.
• Arun Kamal and Aalok Dhanwa are poets.

Historical work on Literature in Bihar

• Bihar is one of the most densely populated states of India.
• Bihar (erstwhile Magadh) has been the seat of Indian culture, education and power since ancient times.
• In the times of Mauryan Empire with Ashoka (269 BC to 232 BC), the great as its ruler where Nalanda University was the major seat of all learning in ancient India.
• Bihar has remained a land of culture, education, historical events, and birth place of many people who are admired globally even today.
• It was here in Bodhgaya, that Prince Gautama attained supreme knowledge to become Buddha, the enlightened one.
• The great religion of Buddhism was born here, and Bodhgaya is one of the most important and sacred Buddhist pilgrimage centers in the world.
• Lord Mahavira (the founder of Jainism), Guru Gobind Singh (The tenth and the last guru of the Sikhs), Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1st President of India) and many more were born here.
• The world’s first seat of higher learning, a Monastic University which flourished from the 5th to the 11th century is in Bihar.
• The University had 9 million books and 2000 teachers to impart knowledge to 10,000 students from all over the Buddhist world.
• Lord Buddha himself taught here and Hieun Tsang, the 7th century Chinese traveler, was a student here.

Aryabhatta (476-550 A.D.)

• He was born in Patliputra in Magadha, modern Patna in Bihar. His greatest contribution has to be ZERO.
• His other works include algebra, arithmetic, trigonometry, quadratic equations and the sine table.
• He went as far as to explain the eclipse of the moon and the sun, day and night, the contours of the earth, the length of the year exactly as 365 days.
• He even computed the circumference of the earth as 24835 miles which is close to modern day calculation of 24900 miles.
• At present Bihar stand Bihar today is an extension of its historic self amalgamating smoothly into the modern technological world.
• Despite commercial pressures the state and its people have continued to pursue education and books with the same spirit.
• Therefore, it’s only in Bihar that an organization like Super 30 works. Super 30 provides training to 30 poor students, free of cost for IIT entrance exam every year (one of the toughest exams in the world) and they all qualify with a ranking in top 100 in all India out of 3.6 million students.

More point on Literature of Bihar

• Bihar has produced a number of writers and scholars, including Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Ram Avatar Sharma, R. K. Sinha, Shiva Pujan Sahay, Ramdhari Ram Briksh Benipuri, Pandit Nalin Vilochan Sharma, Mridula Sinha, and Pankaj Rag.
• Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan, the great writer and Buddhist scholar Hrishikesh Sulabh are the prominent writers of the new generation.
• Arun Kamal and Aalok Dhanwa are the well-known poets. Different regional languages also have produced some prominent poets and authors.
• Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay is among the greatest writers in Bangla, lived for some time in Bihar.
• The latest Indian writer in English, Upamanyu Chatterjee also hails from Patna in Bihar. Devaki Nandan Khatri, who rose to fame at the beginning of the 20th century on account of his novels such as Chandrakanta and Chandrakanta Santati, was born in Muzaffarpur, Bihar.
• Vidyapati Thakur is the most renowned poet of Maithili (c. 14-15th century).
• Interestingly, the first Indian author in English was a Bihari, Deen Mohammad. Among the contemporary writers in English Amitava Kumar, Tabish Khair and Sidhharth Chaoudhary are important names.
• Sidhharth Chaoudhary has been shortlisted for 2009 Man Asia Literary prize for his book Day Scholar.
• Bihar has a rich heritage of reading and writing habits. Because of this, there is a great desire and hunger for books among the general public.
• It is said that people here can forgo food for a day but not their daily dose of book reading.
• A fact brought out by the numerous personal libraries and the huge number of great writers, authors, poets and students.

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Bihar Culture – Exploring the Rich Tradition, Art, Music, Food and Festivals

• Culture of Indian States
• Indian Culture

Table of contents

History of bihar, architecture of bihar, tradition & culture of bihar, language of bihar , art & craft of bihar, dance and music of bihar, festivals of bihar, traditional dress of bihar, bihar cuisine, occupation in bihar.

Bihar and its cultural significance are as old as civilization itself. Bihar was once a hub of the richest and the most diverse ethnicity. The epics Ramayana and Mahabharata, and Buddhism, all have had a crucial role in building the rich culture of Bihar. Some great mythological characters are in deep association with the state.

At present, Bihar’s tradition has influences from its neighbouring states. With Nepal, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh , and West Bengal in the North, South, West, and East, respectively, a cultural mix is seen in the state.

Here we will look into Bihar’s rich cultural history, tradition, cuisines, and everything that makes the state stand out uniquely.

Hindu mythology has a dominant role in enriching Bihar with ancient tradition. Both the epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata, have a strong connection with the state.

• Maharishi Valmiki, the writer of the epic Ramayana, lived in Bihar. Sita, the wife of Lord Ram, was born in Mithila, a village in Bihar.
• From Mahabharata, Karna-the great warrior, also has a connection with the state. King Karna was the ruler of Anga. Anga is located in present-day Bihar.

Bihar has a very vibrant history. Ancient mythology and the rise of Buddhism are important events that have taken place in the land of Bihar. Even the record from our school textbooks has important episodes of dynasties ruling over Bihar.

Mauryan Dynasty

The empire of the Great King Ashoka of the Mauryan Dynasty was spread across South India. The capital of this great empire was Pataliputra, present-day Patna in Bihar.

Under the rule of Chandragupta Maurya and Emperor Ashoka, Bihar housed some of the greatest Buddhist monasteries. The state is an architectural wonder because of the pillars and inscriptions of Ashoka.

Bihar takes pride in being the land where Buddhism got one of its significant historical moments. Gautam Buddha attained his enlightenment in Bodh Gaya. The Bodhi Tree under which Buddha found nirvana is now a spiritual shrine for Buddhists. The Mahabodhi Tree stands tall in the middle of the Mahabodhi Temple Complex in Bodh Gaya, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

In the historic period, Bihar’s Neolithic and other prehistoric men passed down their art tradition to their descendants. Many architectural remains still survive to bridge the gap between prehistoric men and their historic successors.

The majority of the early Mauryan buildings and pieces of art were made of wood. The ancient city of Pataliputra’s pillars and walls were all made of wood and displayed excellent craftsmanship.

In Pre-Ashokan Magadha, literacy sources, Sanskrit and Pali, provide undeniable evidence of the presence of a highly developed art other than sculptures. 

When Megasthenes came to visit the capital, Chandragupta’s palace was in all of its Mauryan glory. A set of hypostyle halls with wood pillars encircled by vines embossed in gold and adorned with gold and silver motifs of birds and greenery. The city of Pataliputra, which was built along the Ganges’ banks, was encircled by a magnificent timber wall with apertures for archers and was ringed on all sides by a wide and deep moat. Bastions with over 500 towers were erected at regular intervals. There were a total of sixty-four gates that allowed people to access. During the Mauryan period, great stone monuments began to develop in Bihar, signalling a shift in architectural patterns.

Suggested Read –  The Historical Ruins of Nalanda

The ancient Magadhans were aware of the utilisation of burnt bricks and lime ‘Sudha’. Pillars, windows, and stairwells were all included in the construction of the houses. There are several references to towns, palaces, and pavilions throughout the ‘Jatakas.’ A wall surrounded fortified cities and palaces, with entrances, watchtowers, and ditches on the outside. Different classes of people occupied specific quarters made aside for them in the cities, which had well-planned streets. Human figures, creepers, flowers, animals and birds, mountains and the sea were frequently depicted in paintings on the walls of the structures.

The Stupa was an essential element of Mauryan Bihar’s architectural achievement. The word stupa simply means ‘something raised,’ and it is a Buddhist architectural term for a mount carrying Buddha’s relics. Ashoka was the architect of towns, hard rock Stupas and Viharas, rock-art Chaitya-halls, palaces, and stone pillars. The pillars are considered the pinnacle of Mauryan art. Magadha’s masons carved natural forms of animals and plants into stone, as well as reducing and shaping bigger quantities of granite into pillars.

Bihar’s history is very vast and will require an entire article to give every detail. Taking a cue from the brief history above, let us now look into Bihar’s tradition.

Hinduism and Buddhism seem to have a stronghold in the state. But Bihar also hones influence of Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, and Christian traditions.

In present-day Bihar, people of diverse traditions have found home on this land. Each practice with its distinctive attributes adds vibrancy to the place.

Hindi is the dominant and official language of Bihar. Urdu is also in wide use in 15 districts, making it the second official language. Maithili and its dialect Bajjika, Bhojpuri, Angika, and Magadhi are other languages in everyday use.

Here is the main topic of our article. So far, given the history and traditions, Bihar holds we can conclude that the culture must be equally rich. Let us now look at the diverse culture that Bihar takes pride in.

The myths and legends in association with the state have been a great source of influence for the artists of Bihar since the old days. Mithila being the birthplace of Sita, episodes of the Ramayana are a common theme.

Madhubani art form was born in Mithila. The Madhubani art form is a pride of Bihar that has become popular worldwide. Originally the Madhubani paintings were done by women with vegetable dyes for decoration on the walls. Once a visiting artist inspired the ladies to start painting this art form on paper. The Madhubani art form came out of its regional borders and spread across the nation and later the world.

Other art forms like stone pottery, bamboo crafts, white metal statues, leather goods, and wooden toys are also famous in Bihar. These art forms, along with Madhubani, have made Bihar gain a lot of popularity on a global scale.

Bihar has a stronghold in the field of performing arts also. Folk songs, folk dance, and classical music are part of the rich culture of Bihar.

Folk songs of Bihar are a beautiful recital of daily rural life. Daily and common themes are central to folk songs. These folk songs are a must during special occasions like weddings, festivals, and other important ceremonies. Bihar is a land of agriculture. Some folk songs are primarily a part of the harvesting periods. The names of some of the folk songs of Bihar are-

• Sumangali  – for weddings
• Sohar  – for the birth of a child
• Ropnigeet  – during the sowing paddy season
• Katnigeet  – during the season of paddy harvesting

Folk dance is also equally vital in the culture of Bihar. Like the folk songs and their usage, folk dance also takes an important place during special occasions. Some of the folk dances of Bihar are-

• Chhau Dance – a tribal war dance
• Jat-Jatin Dance – the Dance is foreplay and narrative of the life of husband and wife while wearing masks.
• Bidesia – a dance drama popular in the Bhojpuri-speaking area of Bihar.

Other season or harvest theme folk dances are-

• Jhijian Dance – in praise of Lord Indra during the season of drought.
• Kajari Dance – to welcome the rainy season
• Harvesting Dance – men and women, while working on the fields during the harvesting season, perform this Dance.
• Holi Dance – during the national festival of Holi, Bihar also celebrates the festival in its unique style.

Indian Classical music has a considerable contribution from Bihar. Bharat Ratna Ustad Bismillah Khan hails from Bihar. Poets like  Vidyapati Thakur and dhrupad singers like the Malliks and the Mishras have many gifts to Maithili music.

Bihar has a range of celebrations for which the people keep anticipating and preparing annually.

The most famous festivals of Bihar are-

• Chatth Puja – Chatth Puja is the most famous festival in the state which celebrates the Sun God. The 4-day long festival usually takes place in November. Bihar comes to life during this festival. People observe a pious and spiritual life during this time. Traditional songs and music are a constant accompaniment for the celebration.
• Ram Navami – Ram Navami is a major Hindu festival celebrated in Bihar with much grandeur. This celebration recalls the auspicious birth of Rama, the protagonist of the Ramayana. Fasts are observed, temples are decorated, and prayers are offered in his honour. People pray for the community’s health and prosperity.

Other festivities of the Bihar culture are-

• Makar Sankranti – marks the beginning of the Summer season.
• Sama- Chakeva – this festival is authentic to the Mithila region during the winter season.
• Bihula – a speciality of the Bhagalpur district, the festival is in honour of Goddess Mansa to pray for the welfare of one’s family.
• Shravani Mela – takes place every year in the month of Shravan (July-August). It is a month-long rite that takes place along a 108-kilometre stretch between the cities of Deogarh and Sultanganj.

Sonepur Cattle Fair – takes place in the Bihar town of Sonepur and is Asia’s largest cattle fair. It occurs on Kartik Purnima, the first full moon after the Diwali celebration.

Traditionally Indian clothes are saree for women and dhoti-kurta for men. Clothes indigenous to Bihar are often in bright colours.

Women drape themselves in bright colour sarees and beautiful ornaments during special occasions. Tussar Silk sarees are most prevalent in Bihar.

A wholesome experience of culture is incomplete without cuisines particular to that culture or place. Bihar does not fall short in its authentic lip-smacking cuisines.

Some of the must-try delicacies of Bihar are- 

• Litti- Chokha – This authentic cuisine of Bihar does not require a separate introduction. The famous Litti-Chokha is famous across the nation. The Litti is made with wheat and sattu with spices in a round shape. The Chokha is a concoction of mashed boiled vegetables with spices and freshly cut onions and garlic. The Litti has a crunchy crust with an aromatic smell of ghee. The taste stays along with you for long and beckons one to keep gorging on this delicious plate of food.
• Khajuria, or Thekua – Thekua, is a ubiquitous and delicious snack of Bihar. It comprises wheat and jaggery and is deep-fried. The snack is significant for its fulfilling taste.
• Dal Peetha – Dal Peetha is a form of dumpling authentic to Bihar. The food is made with rice flour and stuffing of lentil paste with spices and pickles. Dal Peetha is an easy and delicious food to enjoy for breakfast or a light snack.

These were some of the many authentic delicacies of Bihar. On a sweet note, there are some special preparations original in Bihar. Some of the typical sweet dishes of Bihar are-

• Khurma and Lathko
• Kesar Peda, and many more.

For a long time, agriculture has been the backbone of Bihar’s economy. Despite the fact that Bihar has a harsh topography that makes agriculture difficult at times, it has been the only means of survival. In Bihar, there are two distinct agricultural seasons: Kharif and Rabi. Rice, paddy, wheat, jute, and maize are some of the most important crops. North Bihar is known for its agricultural production. As a result, it has a primarily agricultural-related business and infrastructure.

The state boasts a significant pool of low-cost industrial labour too, making it a suitable location for a variety of businesses and industries.

Learning about the rich Bihar culture only makes people want to visit the place and explore it by themselves. Enjoying the beautiful historic architecture, trying out the tasty delicacies, and appreciating the art is all part of the wholesome Bihar experience. Bihar culture is indeed very diverse and exciting for all. For those who like to explore the history and different traditions of a place, Bihar is a place you cannot miss. I hope you get to enjoy a delicious plate of Litti-Chokha while enjoying the culture of Bihar soon.

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Essay on Bihar in English for Students | 500+ Words Essay

December 10, 2020 by Sandeep

Essay on Bihar: Bihar is the state located in the eastern part of India. It is nestled around Nepal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Jharkhand. It has a sub-tropical climate experiencing hot summers and cold winters. Agriculture is the main occupation in Bihar. Due to the favourable climate and good quality soil, it is the major producer of fruits and vegetables.The famous festival of Bihar is Chhath Pooja which is celebrated along the banks of the river by performing rituals. Popular cuisines like Litti Chokha, Sattu Paratha and Khaja are enjoyed by the people. Hindi and Urdu languages are spoken by the population of the state. Bodhi-Tree is an emblem of the state. Prominent places like, Bodh-Gaya, Darbhanga and Nalanda are the well-known tourist’s attraction.

Below we have provided Essay on Bihar in English, written in easy and simple words for class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 students.

Essay on Bihar in 500 Words

Below we have provided Bihar Essay, usually given for class 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.

Bihar is a state located in the eastern part of India. The state is surrounded by West Bengal in the east, Nepal in the north, Uttar Pradesh in the west and Jharkhand in the south. The capital of Bihar is Patna. The name Bihar comes from the word Vihara, which means abode. It is a composition of thirty-eight districts and holds the eleventh position in India’s area. Hindi is the official language, and Urdu is the second official language. Moreover, the state emblem of Bihar is a Bodhi tree. The state animal is bear, and the state bird is an owl.

Several kingdoms existed in the ancient period. One of the kings called Videhas, father of the princess Sita from Ramayan ruled the plains. It was in Magadha period where Gautama Buddha developed the Buddhists religion and then later Mahavira reformed the theology of Jainism. Moreover, King Ashoka, Gupta dynasty even laid their foundation, which transformed the state gradually.

The total area of Bihar is 94,163 km. Ganga River divides the fertile plain unevenly. The centre of the Bihar consists of some hills, such as Rajgir hills. The climate of Bihar is diverse with a sub-tropical temperature in general, having hot summers and cold winters. The most suitable time to visit Bihar is in winter as it is the most pleasant part of the year. Though the vegetation of Bihar has a deciduous forest, only a small fraction of the total area is forested.

Mixed shrubs, grass and reeds dominate the forest. Common trees include bamboo, banyan and palmyra palms. The Himalayan foothills witness the most concentration of forest cover. Large mammals like Bengal tiger, leopards, elephants and different species of deer are found. Along the Kosi River, crocodile seems to rule. Also, birds, reptiles and fish are common in the state. Valmiki National park holds the 18th position in terms of tiger population. Moreover, other notable reserves include Gautama Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary and Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary.

Bihar’s economy is largely depended on agriculture. It is the fourth largest state to produce vegetables and fruits in India. The chief agriculture crops are litchi, guava, mango, pineapple, cauliflower, cabbage, rice, wheat, and sunflower. The state’s 80% of the population is employed in agriculture. Favourable climate and fertile soil are the conditions that favour agriculture, but it can be sabotaging during flood and storms.

The major industrial centres in Bihar are Barauni and Hajipur. Gradually, the government has taken the initiative to improve the industrial sector in the state, especially in Patna city. Soon the project of the expressway from the Purvanchal border through Bihar to Jharkhand is estimated to complete.

Among the paintings, Mithila painting is the famous style of painting used in Bihar. The painting is also known as Madhubani art which depicts the association of humans with nature. It is usually done on walls during festivals, marriages and events. Notable Mithila painters like the late Ganga Devi, Sita Devi and Mahasundari Devi were born in Bihar.

The painting was traditionally practised by women and passed down to generation. Bihar is rich in culture and known as the land of Buddha because Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment at Bodh-Gaya. The famous dishes that encompass the cuisine are Litti Chokha, Sattu Paratha, Bihari Boti and Bihari Kebabs. In dessert, they prefer eating Khaja a traditional sweet dish. The most celebrated festival is the Chhath Puja.

The best tourist’s attraction is the ancient monuments which reflect the culture and heritage of Bihar. Monuments like Sabhyata Dwar in Patna, Bodh-Gaya, Darbhanga, the ancient city of Vaishali, etc. are visited. Around 24 million people visit Bihar each year. Furthermore, it is also well-known for religious places. Several Hindu, Buddhists, Jains and Muslims shrines are constructed which abound this ancient land.

If we date back in history, Bihar was known as the centre of learning as the prominent universities like Nalanda and Vikramashila reside here. Items of the woodcarving, brass work, bamboo work, Zari embroidery, lacquer bangles and the popular Bhagalpur sarees can be bought from the state.

Essay on Bihar in English

Bihar is situated in the North-east part of India. It is at the eleventh position in India if seen area wise. In the north of Bihar, there is Nepal. In the south of Bihar, Jharkhand is situated. In the east of Bihar, West Bengal is situated and in the west, it shares its border with Uttar Pradesh.

Patna is the capital of Bihar. It was built by Ajatashatru. Patna was earlier known as Patliputra. The Ganga is the longest and the largest river in Bihar. There are 38 districts in Bihar.

Bihar is also the third largest populous state in India. In this state, Hindi is the official language. Bodhi tree is the state emblem of Bihar. This state is known for its cultural beauty and vast history. Its construction started a small fortress but later it became the kingdom of Magdha which spread till Afghanistan.

In a way, Bihar is a reflection of Indian diversity as it is home to most of the Indian tongues. Bihar was also the origin of Buddhism and the district of Gaya is in Bihar where Gautam Buddha used to meditate. There are many other tourist attractions in Bihar like Babar caves of Sultanpur, Sher Shah Suri Tomb, Bodhi Tree etc.

The festival which is celebrated on a vast level in Bihar is Chhat Puja. Many famous Universities such as Nalanda and Vikramshila were also established in Bihar. Mr. Nitish Kumar is the present Chief Minister of Bihar.

Bihar has very well developed roads, railways and air connectivity. Bihar is a land of political parties and leaders. It is also one of the strongest agricultural states of India.

Table of Contents

Questions on Bihar Essay

What is the capital of bihar.

Patna is the capital of Bihar. It was built by Ajatashatru. Patna was earlier known as Patliputra.

What is the old name of Bihar?

Pataliputra or Patalipattan was the old name of Bihar.

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10 Lines on Bihar In English for Students and Kids

10 lines on Bihar: Hi Students, In this article, I’m going to provide you with a Bihar essay in English 10 lines that will help your writing. Bihar state is one of the crucial states of India. The state of Bihar counted second only to the country’s largest state, Rajasthan.

Bihar’s state holds particular importance in India, whether in a geographical area or population point of view. The soil fertility of Bihar is very impressive; different crops are found here. In the glorious history of the state of Bihar, it is said that Mahatma Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment in the holy land of Bihar. After him, Mahavir Swami gave the message of peace in the state of Bihar itself.

So, Now let’s go through  a few lines on Bihar State in English.

Table of Contents

10 Lines on Bihar In English (Set- 1)

1. Bihar is one of the central states of India.

2. In 1905, it was established by separating Bihar from Bengal.

3. After that, in 1936, Odisha separated from Bihar.

4. After that, in the year 2000, Jharkhand also separated from Bihar.

5. Bihar is a historical state.

6. Bihar was famous as the name of the vast Magadha Empire in ancient times.

7. Jainism and Buddhism originated in Bihar itself.

8. Presently the capital of Bihar is Patna, which was Pataliputra in ancient times.

9. Most of the Maithili, Bhojpuri, and Hindi languages spoken in Bihar.

10. The state animal of Bihar is the bull, and the state bird is the sparrow.

10 lines about Bihar State (Set- 2)

1. Bihar is a state located in the northeastern region of India.

2. It is the 12th largest state of India in terms of area.

3. It is the third largest state of India in terms of population.

4. Nepal is in the north of Bihar, Jharkhand in the south, West Bengal in the east, and Uttar Pradesh in the west.

5. The capital of Bihar is Patna, whose old name was Pataliputra.

6. Bihar has 38 districts in total.

7. Ganga river is Bihar’s largest river, which divides Bihar into two parts: North Bihar and South Bihar.

8. Hindi is Bihar’s state language, and some other languages spoken here, like Maithili, Bhojpuri, and Magahi.

9. The residents of Bihar are called Bihari.

10. Litti Chokha is a famous dish of the state of Bihar, which liked all over India.

Few Lines on Bihar In English (Set- 3)

1. Bihar State is a critical state located in the North Eastern part of India.

2. Bihar is a famous historical and mythological state.

3. The state of Bihar known as Pataliputra in ancient times.

4. Patna is the capital of the Bihar state.

5. The area of this state is 94163 km².

6. The state language is Hindi, and the spoken language is Bihari.

7. The main festival of Bihar is Chhath Puja.

8. The division of the state of Bengal created the state of Bihar.

9. In the state of Bihar, there is a total of 36 districts.

10. The total population of Bihar is 104099452.

10 Lines Essay on Bihar for Kids (Set- 4)

Thus Bihar is a historical state; currently, its capital is Patna.

Along with being the abode of Mahatma Buddha, the number of Buddhist monks increased here.

The place of residence of Buddhist monks is called Vihara, and from this Vihara, this state got its name Bihar.

Geographically, Bihar is bordered by Nepal in the north, Jharkhand in the south, Uttar Pradesh in the west, and West Bengal in the east.

The total area of Bihar is 94163 square kilometers, and the population is 10,40,99,452.

Major rivers of Bihar are Ganga, Kosi, Kamla, Bagmati, Gandak, Ghaghra, Son, Punpun, Falgu, Kiul, etc.

Many tourist places are also here, including the world-famous Nalanda University, World Peace Stupa, Sher Shah Suri, Tomb of Sasaram, Ashoka Pillar, Vaishali Jal Mandir, Pawapuri, Bodhgaya, Dev Surya Mandir are prominent.

Bihar is a Hindi-speaking state, and Urdu, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, and Angika are also spoken.

The world-famous Mithila painting of Bihar is famous for its attractive style even today, despite being hundreds of years old.

Currently, there are 243 assembly constituencies in Bihar; 16 members are elected from Bihar for Rajya Sabha and 40 Lok Sabha constituencies.

10 Lines on Bihar in English (Set- 5)

1. Bihar state is one of the crucial states of India.

2. The state of Bihar counted second after the country’s largest state, Rajasthan.

3. The soil fertility of Bihar is very impressive; different crops are found here.

4. The capital of Bihar is Patna. Patna city is the largest city in the state of Bihar.

5. The state of Bihar is given more importance in India because many great men of the country, like Ashoka Samrat, Chandragupta Maurya, Samudragupta, King Vikramaditya, etc., were born in the state of Bihar.

6. Holi, Diwali, Dussehra, Mahashivratri, Muharram, Eid, Nagpanchami, Durga Puja, Chhath Puja, Sankranti, etc. festivals are celebrated with great pomp and show.

7. The people of this place consider the festivals a lot, keep fast on the festival days, and worship God by going to the temples.

8. Durga Puja and Chhath Puja are the most popular festivals in Bihar.

9. Bihar state borders West Bengal in the east, Uttar Pradesh in the west, Jharkhand in the south, and Nepal in the north.

10. Bihar Day celebrated every year on March 22 in the state of Bihar, located in India.

Final Words

I hope you have read the whole article  10 Lines on Bihar.  You enjoy it. So if you love this  Bihar Essay  in English 10 lines , kindly share. And if you think I need improvement, feel free to comment.

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बिहार पर निबंध Essay on bihar in hindi

Essay on bihar in hindi.

दोस्तों आज हम इस लेख के माध्यम से बिहार पर लिखे इस निबंध को पढ़ेंगे . अब हम आगे बढ़ते हैं और बिहार पर लिखे इस निबंध को पढ़ते हैं

प्रस्तावना -बिहार राज्य भारत का सबसे बड़ा दूसरा राज्य है . बिहार प्राचीन समय से ही प्रसिद्ध और समृद्धशाली रहा है . बिहार की राजधानी पटना है . बिहार राज्य की जनसंख्या 2012 की जनगणना के अनुसार 9.9 crores है एवं बिहार राज्य का कुल क्षेत्रफल 94163 वर्ग किलोमीटर है .

1905 में जब बंगाल विभाजन हुआ था तब विभाजन के फलस्वरूप बिहार नाम का राज्य अस्तित्व में आया था . 26 जनवरी 1950 को बिहार राज्य का गठन किया गया था .

image source –  https://www.mapsofindia.com/bihar/

बिहार की चारो दिशाओं में स्थित – बिहार राज्य के उत्तरी भाग में नेपाल, दक्षिणी में झारखंड, पूर्व में पश्चिम बंगाल, पश्चिम में उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य स्थित है। यह भारत का सबसे बड़ा दूसरा राज्य है . बिहार में कुल 38 जिले हैं। बिहार के प्रमुख सुंदर पर्यटन है जहां पर लोग घूमने के लिए आते हैं।

जैसे कि बोधगया मंदिर , जल मंदिर पावापुरी , अशोक स्तंभ , वैशाली , नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय , विश्व शांति स्तूप , राजगीर , शेरशाह सूरी सासाराम का मकबरा आदि।

जैन धर्म के संस्थापक – बिहार राज्य जैन धर्म के अनुयायियों के लिए आस्था का केंद्र है क्योंकि जैन धर्म के संस्थापक महावीर स्वामी का जन्म बिहार में ही हुआ था . महावीर स्वामी ने बिहार में ही निर्वाण लिया था . बिहार राज्य की हम जितनी प्रशंसा करें उतनी ही कम है .

बिहार की शिक्षा – शिक्षा के क्षेत्र की बात करें तो प्राचीन समय से ही बिहार शिक्षा के लिए जाना जाता रहा है क्योंकि बिहार में प्राचीन समय में विश्व का सबसे पहला एक ऐसा विश्वविद्यालय था जहां पर देश-विदेश से लोग शिक्षा प्राप्त करने के लिए आते थे .

मैं बात कर रहा हूं नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय की आज नालंदा को विश्वविद्यालय की उपाधि मिल चुकी है . शिक्षा की बात करें तो बिहार राज्य धीरे धीरे अपने शिक्षा के स्तर को बढ़ा रहा है .

बिहार में कृषि – ऐसा कहा जाता है कि बिहार के लोग बहुत ही मेहनती होते हैं . बिहार की मिट्टी बहुत अच्छी एवं उपजाऊ  है इसलिए बिहार की खेती बहुत अच्छी होती है।

बिहार में पैदावार अच्छी होने से बिहार की आर्थिक स्थिति बेहतर है . बिहार राज्य से 1936 में उड़ीसा को अलग किया गया था . सन 2000 में बिहार राज्य से झारखंड को अलग किया गया था .

बिहार की राजनीति – बिहार राज्य की  लोकसभा सीटें 40 , बिहार राज्य की विधानसभा सीटें 243 है . अभी बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री नीतीश कुमार है . बिहार राज्य राजनीति के क्षेत्र में भी सबसे मजबूत क्षेत्र माना जाता है क्योंकि बिहार राज्य से कई राजनेता मंत्री बनते हैं .

बिहार के गठबंधन से ही कई बार केंद्र की सरकार बनी है . उत्तर प्रदेश के बाद बिहार एक ऐसा राज्य है जहां की जनसंख्या सबसे अधिक है . उत्तर प्रदेश के बाद बिहार की लोकसभा सीटें सबसे ज्यादा है .

बिहार की शिक्षा दिन प्रतिदिन बढ़ती जा रही है . बिहार की मिट्टी सबसे उपजाऊ है इसलिए वहां की फसल प्रतिवर्ष  अच्छी होती है . बिहार राज्य की जितनी भी प्रशंसा करें उतनी कम है .

उपसंहार – बिहार राज्य देश के सबसे बड़े राज्यों में से एक है। यहाँ पर जैन धर्म के भगवान महावीर स्वामी ने जन्म लिया था। बिहार राज्य वही राज्य है जहां पर भगवान बुद्ध ने ज्ञान प्राप्त किया था।

बिहार राज्य में शिक्षा प्राप्त करने के लिए देश विदेश से प्राचीन समय में नालंदा में आते थे। आज भी नालंदा एक सबसे बड़ा विश्वविद्यालय है जहां पर शिक्षा की प्राप्ति होती है।

• बिहार दिवस पर निबंध bihar diwas essay in hindi
• नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय का इतिहास nalanda vishwavidyalaya history in hindi

दोस्तों हमारे द्वारा लिखा गया यह जबरदस्त आर्टिकल बिहार पर निबंध Essay on bihar in hindi यदि आपको पसंद आए तो अपने दोस्तों में अवश्य शेयर करें धन्यवाद .

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7 of Family Charred to Death in Bihar as Hut Catches Fire

Last Updated: April 09, 2024, 22:46 IST

Sasaram, India

(Officials along with a rescue team immediately reached the spot after receiving the information about the fire. (Image: Representative/ANI)

A statement issued by the Chief Minister's Office said, "The CM has expressed his deep sorrow over the death of several persons in the tragic incident. My heartfelt condolences to their family"

Seven members of a family, including five children, were charred to death on Tuesday when their hut caught fire in Bihar’s Rohtas district, police said. The incident occurred on Tuesday afternoon at Ibrahimpur village in Nasriganj sub-division in Sasaram, the district headquarters, an officer said.

The police identified the deceased as Pushpa Devi (30), her two daughters — Kajal Kumari (4) and Gudiya (2) and her son Bajrangi Kumar (6).

Other deceased were Kanti Kumari (6), Shivani (3) and Maya Devi (25), who were relatives of Pushpa, the officer said.

Another woman, Raju Devi, who sustained burn injuries, has been admitted to a government hospital. Talking to reporters, Bikramganj Sub-Divisional Magistrate Anil Basak said, “The incident took place around 3 pm on Tuesday. All victims were inside the hut when it caught fire. Officials concerned along with a rescue team immediately reached the spot after receiving the information. The exact cause of the fire is still not known.”

He also said bodies have been sent for post-mortem examinations and the matter was being investigated.

The administration will ensure that family members of the deceased get adequate compensation, he added. Villagers informed the officials that the short circuit in an electric transformer near the hut was the cause of the fire.

Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar expressed deep sorrow over the tragic incident.

A statement issued by the Chief Minister’s Office said, “The CM has expressed his deep sorrow over the death of several persons in the tragic incident. My heartfelt condolences to their family”.

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

Title: evaluating interventional reasoning capabilities of large language models.

Abstract: Numerous decision-making tasks require estimating causal effects under interventions on different parts of a system. As practitioners consider using large language models (LLMs) to automate decisions, studying their causal reasoning capabilities becomes crucial. A recent line of work evaluates LLMs ability to retrieve commonsense causal facts, but these evaluations do not sufficiently assess how LLMs reason about interventions. Motivated by the role that interventions play in causal inference, in this paper, we conduct empirical analyses to evaluate whether LLMs can accurately update their knowledge of a data-generating process in response to an intervention. We create benchmarks that span diverse causal graphs (e.g., confounding, mediation) and variable types, and enable a study of intervention-based reasoning. These benchmarks allow us to isolate the ability of LLMs to accurately predict changes resulting from their ability to memorize facts or find other shortcuts. Our analysis on four LLMs highlights that while GPT- 4 models show promising accuracy at predicting the intervention effects, they remain sensitive to distracting factors in the prompts.

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