ignou bshf 101 assignment 2021 22

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IGNOU BSHF 101 ENGLISH SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2021-22

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• Post published: July 10, 2023
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                                                                               BSHF 101  EM  2022 

                                                                          SESSION 2021-22 

DCQ: Answer any two in about 500 words each.

• Discuss the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian National Movement

Mahatma Gandhi is perhaps the most widely recognized figure of the Indian Nationalist Movement for his role in leading non-violent civil uprisings. He first employed the non-violent approach in South Africa where he was serving as an expatriate lawyer. He was hurt and angry when he witnessed the discrimination and exploitation of coloured people under Whites rule. He organizes non-violent protests in the country which gained him fame and support from the people of South Africa. Unforgettable is his services which gave us freedom, the same are enumerated below. 

• The Satyagraha Movement:- 

One of his major achievements is in the year 1918 were the Champaran and Kheda agitations which are also called a movement against British landlords. The farmers and peasantry were forced to grow and cultivate Indigo and were even to force to sell them at fixed prices. Finally, these farmers pledged to Mahatma Gandhi which resulted in non-violent protest. Wherein Gandhiji won the battle. Kheda, in the year 1918 was hit by floods and farmers wanted relief from tax. Using non-cooperation as his main weapon Gandhiji used it in pledging the farmers for nonpayment of taxes. 

• Khilafat Movement: 

Gandhiji in the year 1919 approached Muslims, as he found the position of Congress was quite weak and unstable. Khilafat Movement is all about the worldwide protest against the status of Caliph by Muslims. Finally, Mahatma Gandhi had an All India Muslim Conference and became the main person for the event. This movement supported Muslims to a great extent and the success of this movement made him the national leader and facilitated his strong position in the Congress party. Khilafat movement collapsed badly in 1922 and throughout their journey, Gandhiji fought against communalism, but the gap between Hindus and Muslims widened.

• The Non-Cooperation Movement

The first of the Gandhi-led movements was the Non-Cooperation Movement lasting from September 1920 until February 1922. Gandhi, during this movement, believed that the British were only successful in maintaining control because the Indians were cooperative. If the residents of a country stop co-operating with the British, then the minority Britishers would be forced to give up. The movement gained popularity, and soon, millions of people were boycotting British-run or cooperative establishments. This meant that people left their jobs, removed their children from schools, and avoided government offices. The name Mahatma Gandhi became popular. 

• The Dandi March, Civil Disobedience, and Salt Satyagraha

The abrupt ending of the Non-Cooperation Movement did nothing to stop the quest for independence. On March 12, 1930, protesters took part in the Dandi March, a campaign designed to resist taxes and protest the British monopoly on salt. Gandhi began the 24-day, 240-mile march with 79 followers and ended with thousands. When the protesters reached the coastal town of Dandi, they produced salt from saltwater without paying the British tax.

This act was accompanied by civil disobedience across the country. The Dandi group continued moving south along the coast, producing salt along the way. 

• The Quit India Movement

The Quit India Movement began on August 8, 1942, during World War II. The India Congress Committee, under the urging of Gandhi, called for a mass British withdrawal and Gandhi made a “Do or Die” speech. British officials acted immediately and arrested nearly every member of the Indian National Congress party. England, with a new Prime Minister, offered some concessions to the Indian demands such as the right to make independent Provincial constitutions, to be granted after the war; they were not accepted. 

• What do you understand by the term ‘family’?

Family is one of the most important social institutions. Most of the world’s population lives in family units; it is an important primary group in the society. Family is the most pervasive and universal social institution. It plays a vital role in the socialisation of individuals. Family is regarded as the first society of human beings.    It is known as the first school of citizenship. One is born in family, grows in it, works for it and dies in it. One develops emotional attachment to it. The parental care imparts to the child the first lesson in social responsibility and acceptance of self-discipline. Family is the backbone of social structure. It occupies a nuclear position in society.

Broadly speaking, family refers to the group comprising parents and children. It may also refer, in some cases, to a group of relatives and their dependants forming one household. All these refer to the compositional aspect of this institution. Another aspect is that of residence of its members.

They usually share common residence, at least for some part of their lives. Thirdly, there is the relational aspect of the family. Members have reciprocal rights and duties towards each other. Finally, the family is also an agent of socialisation. All these aspects make this institution different from all other units of social structure.

As Mack and Young say, “The family is the basic primary group and the natural matrix of personality”. According to the Bureau of Census (U.S.A.). “Family is a group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage or adoption and residing together”. Some of other important definitions of family are as follows.

According to Maclver and Page, “Family is a group defined by a sex relationship, sufficiently precise and enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing of children”.

According to Burgess and Locke, “Family is a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood or adoption; consisting a single household, interacting and intercommunicating with each other in their social roles of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister creating a common culture”.

Characteristics of family:

1. a mating relationship:.

A family comes into existence when a man and woman establish mating relation between them.

2. A Form of Marriage:

Mating relationship is established through the institution of marriage. The society regulates sexual behaviour between opposite sexes through the institution of marriage. Through the institution of marriage, mating relationship is established. Without marriage family is not possible. Hence, family is a form of marriage.

3. A Common Habitation:

A family requires a home or household for its living. Without a dwelling place the task of child-bearing and child rearing cannot be adequately performed. The members of a family have a common habitation or household.

4. A System of Nomenclature:

Every family is known by a particular name. It has own system of reckoning descent. Descent may be recognized through male line or through the mother’s line. In patrilineal families descent is recognized through male line. Similarly, in matrilineal families descent is recogned through mother’s line.

5. An Economic Provision:

Every family needs an economic provision to satisfy the economic needs. The head of the family carries on certain profession and earns to maintain the family.

6. System of Interaction and Communication:

The family is composed of persons who interact and communicate with each other in their social roles such as husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter etc.  It is important to mention that the family is composed of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption. The family maintains a common but a distinctive culture.

MCQ: Answer any four questions in about 250 words each.

• What do you understand by the term ‘Human Security’.Briefly discuss.

According to Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the right to security of persons is a fundamental human right, together with a right to life and liberty. Human society em­phasizes the need to strengthen empowerment of the citizens. Achievement of human society requires a global political culture that is founded on shared values of human dignity and human right. In essence, human society means freedom from pervasive threats to people’s rights, their safety or even their lives.

The main contraction of UNDP’S conception of Human So­ciety was focusing on people and highlighting of vulnerability to threats other than violence. It saw security as on “integrative” rather that “defensive concept”. But it seemed to underplay threats from violence. It emphasizes that human security has a geographical and even international terrorism, drug trafficking as well as problem of international migrants spilling over outside the boundaries of the nation-state.

Democracy and good Gover­nance are very important in promoting human security. Human security does not supplant national security. A Human Security perspective assorts that the security of the state is not an end in itself rather it is a means of ensuing Security for its people. In this context, state security and human security are mutually supportive. Building an effective, democratic state that values its own people and protects minorities is a central strategy for promoting human security.

Concept of Human Security:

Human security means safety for people from both violent and non-violent threats. It is the condition or state of being character­ized by freedom from pervasive threats to people’s rights, their safety, or even their lives. Human security entails taking preven­tive measure to reduce vulnerability and minimize risk and tak­ing remedial action where prevention fails.

The perception of Human Security Network is ‘Our vision is a human world where people can live in security and dignity, free from violent threats, poverty and despair.’ UN Secretary General Kofi-Annan articu­lated that the primary focus of security policy should be the pro­tection of people, rather than the political and territorial integrity of states, is central to the concept of ‘human security’.

Human Security is a logical extension of recent approaches to international peace and security. The charter of UN embodies the view that security cannot be achieved by a single state in isola­tion. The phrase ‘international peace and security’ implies that the security of our state depends on the security of other states.

A human security perspective builds on this logic by noting that the security of people in one part of the world depends on the security of people elsewhere. A secure and stable world order is built both from the top down and from the bottom up. The security of states, and the maintenance of international peace and security, is ulti­mately constructed on the foundation of people who are secure.   According to the UNDP, human security is a universal con­cern; the compounds of human security are inter-dependent; hu­man security is easier to ensure through early prevention; and human security is people-centered. The definition advance in the reports was extremely ambitious. Human Security was defined as the summation of seven distinct dimensions of security – econom­ics, food, health, environment, personal, community and political. By focusing on people and highlighting non-traditional threats, the UNDP made an important contribution to post -Cold War thinking about security.

• Is Planning relevant in India today?Discuss

Planning has to be an integral part of governing a country like India. In the absence of proper planning, projects of national interest cannot be implemented. During the days of the Planning Commission things were thrust down from above, but a more practical bottom up and participative approach has been adopted under the recently formed Niti Aayog. The word NITI stands for National Institute for Transforming India.  In the 65 years of the Planning Commission, planning was done for every five years by this arm of the Government, which functioned under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister. The states had to blindly follow the diktats of the Commission. Today, leaders of all states and union territories are members of the Niti Aayog and they all participate in the planning process.  Garnering of resources and their allocation is done by the Niti Aayog after discussions are held with all stakeholders. Welfare measures like healthcare, education, social and sectoral services are adopted and money allocated in a judicious manner, depending on the needs and availability of funds. Infrastructure spending is done after examining the requirements of regions and states. The planning process is also of vital importance for the Union Finance Ministry, which oversees the collection and spending of money in an effective manner.   If there is no planning in a country like India, the Central Government will not be able to keep track of the progress of the country and the position of the needy will continue to slide from bad to worse. 

• How has the nature of peace and conflict changed in today’s world? 

For a constructive transformation of conflicts, it is necessary to identify and consolidate support structures that texts to strengthen peace. Positive opportunities can be enhanced through the awareness of mutual dependence on one another. Changing psychological dimensions of adversarial relationship supported by the opportunities to understand different views is undoubtedly an inevitable part of the movement toward conflict de-escalation.  Moreover, efforts to end hostile, competitive and coercive processes would be fruitless if .one party’s domination continues to be allowed. Newly forged relationships have to be supported by structural transformation of social conditions. In a transformative framework, identity and power relations continue’ to be renegotiated in an on-going process of resolving conflict. Dynamics of conflict are not likely to be transformed toward resolution by an attempt to protect existing interests. Re-establishing a status quo would not dramatically change conflict relations. In transformative perspectives, roles and relationship have to be redesigned in the process of re-structuring the patterns of transactions and interactions. .Resolving conflict in transformative perspectives has to be geared toward helping the underprivileged break out of the discriminatory social roles assigned to them within the  status quo. The existence of injustice in asymmetric conflict structures requires strategies to deal with power imbalanced situations. Social change for promoting justice, by which conditions for decent human life can be established, is the most appropriate means for peace building. Thus  peace  building ih largely equated with the construction of a new social environment that advances a sense of confidence and improves conditions of life. Leaving an abusive and deperldcilt relatiionship intact is incompatible with peace building. Conflict transformation can  underscore the goal of peace building through empowering a marginalised population exposed to extreme vulnerability in such a way to achieve self-sufficiency and well-being. The successful outcome of conflict transformation therefore contributes to eliminating structural violence.

• What do you understand by the term ‘Directive Principles’ as given in our constitution?

Directive Principles of State Policy are in the form of instructions/guidelines to the governments at the center as well as states. Though these principles are non-justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country. The idea of Directive Principles of State Policy has been taken from the Irish Republic. They were incorporated in our Constitution in order to provide economic justice and to avoid concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people. Therefore, no government can afford to ignore them. They are infact, the directives to the future governments to incorporate them in the decisions and policies to be formulated by them.

The state shall endeavour to achieve Social and Economic welfare of the people by: 

(1) providing adequate means of livelihood for both men and women. 

(2) reorganizing the economic system in a way to avoid concentration of wealth in few hands.

 (3) securing equal pay for equal work for both men and women. 

(4) securing suitable employment and healthy working conditions for men, women and children.

 (5) guarding the children against exploitation and moral degradation. 

(6) making effective provisions for securing the right to work, education and public assistance in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement. 

(7) making provisions for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.

 (8) taking steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings etc. 

(9) promoting education and economic interests of working sections of the people especially the SCs and STs.

(10) securing for all the workers reasonable leisure and cultural opportunities.

SCQ: Write short notes on any two in about 100 words each:

•   (ii) Juvenile Justice Act

Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 has been passed by Parliament of India amidst intense controversy, debate and protest on many of its provisions by Child Rights fraternity. It replaced the Indian juvenile delinquency law, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 , and allows for juveniles in conflict with Law in the age group of 16–18, involved in Heinous Offences, to be tried as adults. The Act also sought to create a universally accessible adoption law for India, overtaking the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956) (applicable to Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs) and the Guardians and Wards Act (1890) (applicable to Muslims), though not replacing them. The Act came into force from 15 January 2016.   It was passed on 7 May 2015 by the Lok Sabha amid intense protest by several Members of Parliament. It was passed on 22 December 2015 by the Rajya Sabha .   To streamline adoption procedures for orphan, abandoned and surrendered children, the existing Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) has been given the status of a statutory body to enable it to perform its function more effectively. A separate chapter on Adoption provides detailed provisions relating to adoption and punishments for non compliance. Processes have been streamlined with timelines for both in-country and inter-country adoption including declaring a child legally free for adoption.

13  (iii) Social Structure

In the social sciences , social structure is the patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals .   Likewise, society is believed to be grouped into structurally-related groups or sets of roles , with different functions, meanings, or purposes. Examples of social structure include family , religion , law , economy , and class . It contrasts with “ social system “, which refers to the parent structure in which these various structures are embedded. Thus, social structures significantly influence larger systems, such as economic systems , legal systems , political systems , cultural systems , etc. Social structure can also be said to be the framework upon which a society is established. It determines the norms and patterns of relations between the various institutions of the society.

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IGNOU BSHF-101 Previous Year Question Papers

• February 10, 2024

Looking for IGNOU  BSHF-101 previous year question papers  entitled “ Foundation Course in Humanities & Social Sciences ” for the IGNOU  Bachelor of Arts (Tourism Studies) (BTS) and bcomcaa or bcomaf ,  then you have come to the right place!, here We’ve uploaded the last 10 years’ question papers. Download Hindi And English in Same pdf from Below

Prepare for your upcoming exams effectively with BSHF 101 previous year question papers, available in PDF format in English and Hindi. These papers are invaluable resources for your exam preparation.

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BSHF-101 Foundation Course in Humanities & Social Science Solved Assignment IGNOU 2022-2023

All the students of Indira Gandhi National Open University or IGNOU who are pursuing Foundation Courses (Course Code: BSHF-101) in Foundation Course in Humanities & Social Science as their course have to submit IGNOU BSHF-101 Solved Assignment for the batch 2022-23 in English or Hindi medium.

These solved assignments are valid for those candidates who are going to appear in the DECEMBER 2022 and JUNE 2022 IGNOU examination. These solved assignments are created by our team of IGNOU experts who are always ready to help you out with your IGNOU assignments and exams. The university uploads the assignment questions once a year for both sessions and you can get the solved assignments anytime from our website.

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It should be noted that the students should submit the assignment at their study center chosen during filling up the IGNOU admission form. The details of the BSHF-101 Foundation Course in Humanities & Social Science Solved Assignment IGNOU 2021-22 are given below:

Program Name: Foundation Courses

Course Code:  BSHF-101

Assignment code: BSHF-101/TMA/2021-22

Validity of Assignment: These assignments will remain valid for JUNE 2022 & DECEMBER 2022 IGNOU Examination

Assignments carry a significant weightage in the final evaluation. The IGNOU University gives 30% weightage to these assignments. So, these are to be submitted on time. This means that 30% of the total marks obtained by the students in the assignments will be added to the total marks of the course. Therefore, total marks for any course will be a combination of theory and assignment marks, i.e. 70% and 30% respectively.

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BSHF-101 Question Papers  

The “Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) Term End Examination, December 2022” for the “FOUNDATION COURSE IN HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES” at IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) is designed to assess students’ understanding and knowledge in the field of humanities and social sciences. The examination is scheduled for a duration of 3 hours with a maximum of 100 marks.

Here’s a breakdown of the information provided:

• Programme Name: Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP)
• Exam Type: Term End Examination
• Session: December 2022
• Course Name: Foundation Course in Humanities and Social Sciences
• Exam Duration: 3 Hours
• Maximum Marks: 100

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

• All questions are compulsory. Each question carries 1 mark.
• No cell phones, calculators, books, slide rules, notebooks written notes, etc. will be allowed inside the examination hall.
• You should follow the instructions given by the Centre Superintendent and by the Invigilator at the examination venue. If you violate the instructions, you will be disqualified.
• Any candidate found copying receiving or giving assistance in the examination will be disqualified.
• The Question Paper and the OMR Response Sheet (Answer Sheet) will be supplied to you by the Invigilators. After the examination is over, you should hand over the OMR Response Sheet to the Invigilator before leaving the examination hall. Any candidate who does not return the OMR Response Sheet will be disqualified and the University may take further action against him/her.
• All rough work is to be done on the question paper itself and not on any other paper. Scrap paper is not permitted. For arriving at answers you may work in the margins, make some markings or underline in the test booklet itself.
• The University reserves the right to cancel the result of any candidate who impersonates or uses/adopts other malpractices or uses any unfair means. The University may also follow a procedure to verify the validity of the scores of all examinees uniformly. If there is a substantial indication that your performance is not genuine, the University may cancel your result.

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BSHF-101: Foundation Course in Humanities & Social Sciences

Ignou solved assignment solution for 2022-23, if you are looking for bshf-101 ignou solved assignment solution for the subject foundation course in humanities & social sciences, you have come to the right place. bshf-101 solution on this page applies to 2022-23 session students studying in bts, bdp, bcomaf, bcomcaa, bcomfca courses of ignou., looking to download all solved assignment pdfs for your course together, bshf-101 solved assignment solution by gyaniversity.

Assignment Code: BSHF-101 /TMA/2022-23

Course Code: BSHF-101

Assignment Name: Foundation Course in Humanities and Social Sciences

Year: 2022-2023

Verification Status: Verified by Professor

DCQ: Answer any two in about 500 words each.

1. What do you understand by the term post-industrial society?Discuss.20

Ans ) A stage of economic development known as the post-industrial society is labelled by a move from manufacturing-based industries to a service and information-based economy. In the middle of the 20th century, the phrase "post-industrial society" first appeared, and it became more common in the 1970s and 1980s.

Manufacturing and heavy industry lose relevance in post-industrial nations, while service sectors including banking, healthcare, education, and information technology gain prominence. The demand for a lot of blue-collar workers has decreased as a result of technology advancements that have made it possible to automate and streamline many manufacturing operations.

The nature of technology changes as a result in the post-industrial society. In essence, there is a shift from mechanical to intellectual technology. The components of coded programming, software, and other gadgets, which become the way in which we organise our stuff, are manifestations of this intellectual technology. The education needed for the age of intellectual technology is very different from the education needed for the period of mechanical technology. Several authors have noted that a revolution in material science is occurring at the same time, which has an impact on trade and manufacturing. Engineers won't refer to distinct metals like copper, tin, or zinc any longer. 'What kind of pipes do you want, they will ask? Do you prefer ductility over conductivity? What do you want something to do, in a sense? As noted by Bell, "they will infer from the mix of materials a reconstituent element exactly as now we may think of a recombinant DNA in the organisation of biological processes."

Bell clarifies that this process involves more than just computers and telephones. Underneath, there is a matrix that enables us to trace the dissemination of things and see how these things start to happen. In other words, if you want to think about a post-industrial society, diffusion, not creativity or creation, is what matters. According to Bell, the critical moment in today's society is the start of these diffusion processes, not necessarily that of invention or creativity. This is the time at which components of change begin to take root and spread across society.

The transition to a service-based economy is only one of many social and cultural shifts that post-industrial nations have undergone. a re-establish.

An increase in the value of knowledge and information : In a post-industrial society, knowledge and information are essential resources that give those who can manage and use them well a competitive advantage.

Growing creative clas s: There is an increasing need for professionals with creative and technical talents, such as software engineers, graphic designers, and marketing specialists, as the service sectors become more significant.

A move in favour of a dispersed, more adaptable workforce : Many workers can now work from home or other remote areas because to advancements in communication technology, which has reduced the necessity for centralised offices.

A growing movement towards sustainable and ecologically friendly practises has emerged in post-industrial cultures, which are frequently more conscious of the effects of their economic operations on the environment.

Changes to social structures : As conventional industries lose prominence, social structures like the family and local groups may shift.

2. Discuss the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian National Movement.20.

Ans ) The Indian National Movement, which aimed to free the country from British colonial authority, was greatly influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, who is also referred to as the Father of the Nation in his own country. Gandhi's direction, outlook, and strategies had a crucial role in directing the movement and finally guiding India to independence in 1947. Gandhi saw racial injustice directly during his formative years in South Africa, when he practised law and was an activist. He created the satyagraha school of thought, which emphasises the superiority of truth and moral force above coercion and violence.

By 1907, the Swadeshi Movement was in decline. Additionally, the Congress split in 1907, and Tilak was jailed and deported in 1908. Lala Lajpat Rai briefly departed India, Aurobindo Ghosh and Bipin Chandra Pal withdrew from politics. The nationalist movement decreased as a result of all these developments. After going dormant for a while, it was reactivated during World War One. The Home Rule-Leagues were founded by Annie Besant and Tilak, and the two wings of the Congress merged in 1916. The Ghadar Movement, which was launched in the United States by some Indian revolutionaries and attempted to end British authority in India, also took place during the War. However, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's arrival from South Africa, who would later become known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the most significant development. Gandhi had challenged the apartheid government in South Africa for Indian rights. Gandhi was the leading figure in the national struggle from 1919 till India gained its independence in 1947. Gandhi promptly joined the Indian National Congress, the major political group for Indian independence, after his return to India in 1915. Many Indians who were dissatisfied with the glacial pace of their country's march toward independence connected with Gandhi's message of nonviolence and civil disobedience.

Gandhi's first significant campaign was a nonviolent one against the Rowlatt Act, which gave the British colonial authorities broad authority to repress opposition and was implemented in 1919. In some regions of the nation, the protests got violent, but Gandhi pushed his followers to maintain order and discipline, which boosted support for the campaign. Gandhi started the Salt Satyagraha in 1930 as a way of protesting the British salt levy. Gandhi organised a 24-day march to the Arabian Sea, where he and his supporters ceremonially evaporated saltwater to create salt. The movement led to significant civil disobedience and protests across the nation, which put pressure on the British government to hold talks with the leaders of India. Gandhi's methods for organising big crowds and applying pressure to the British administration were successful. Gandhi's plan for a free India was not without opposition, though. Some viewed his call for a decentralised, agrarian society based on ancient Indian values as backwards and unworkable.

Gandhi's legacy as the founder of the Indian National Movement is undeniable, despite these accusations. Many other movements throughout the world, including as the American Civil Rights Movement and the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa, were influenced by his idea of nonviolence and civil disobedience. Gandhi's moral authority and inspiring leadership continue to motivate people today to fight for justice, freedom, and human rights.

MCQ: Answer any four questions in about 250 words each.

5. What do you understand by the term 'Renaissance'? Discuss.12.

Ans ) From the 14th to the 17th century, Europe underwent the Renaissance, which was characterised by a resurgence of classical art, literature, and knowledge. The word "Renaissance," which is French for "rebirth" or "revival," describes the period's resurgence of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, philosophy, art, and science. Scholars and artists worked to push the limits of human knowledge and creativity during the Renaissance, which was a time of immense intellectual and artistic achievement. The most important Renaissance artists include Galileo Galilei, Michelangelo, Raphael, William Shakespeare, and Leonardo da Vinci.

Many facets of human activity underwent significant transformation and invention throughout the Renaissance. Perspective and realism were two new artistic approaches and styles that emerged throughout the Renaissance and completely changed how artists depicted their surroundings. During this time, new literary forms like the sonnet and the novel emerged, contributing to the flourishing of literature as a whole.  Science and technology made major strides during the Renaissance as researchers and creators attempted to comprehend how the natural world functioned. For instance, Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press altered how information was shared, while Galileo Galilei produced important discoveries in astronomy.

The Renaissance had a significant influence on European culture and society, opening the door for several innovations that helped to create the modern world. A humanistic spirit that placed a high importance on individual success and creativity defined the time period. As academics and thinkers started to challenge conventional wisdom and cast doubt on long-held ideas, the Renaissance also served as the start of the modern period.

6. What do you understand by the term 'Human Security’. Briefly discuss.12.

Ans ) Human security is a notion that encompasses individual safety and wellbeing as opposed to only state security or the defence of national interests. It highlights how crucial it is to address the different risks and difficulties that might have an impact on people's life, such as poverty, disease, environmental degradation, political instability, and violence. The foundation of human security is the belief that everyone should have access to the opportunities and resources they require to lead happy and secure lives. This covers having access to both more abstract requirements like personal safety, social relationships, a sense of purpose and belonging as well as more practical necessities like food, water, housing, and healthcare.

Human security is a multidisciplinary term that relies on a range of academic disciplines and fields, including international relations, development studies, human rights, and environmental studies. The interconnectedness of the numerous risks and difficulties people face around the world must be addressed, it emphasises. In recent years, as the globe has gotten more interconnected and as people have faced more complicated and multidimensional difficulties, the idea of human security has become increasingly important. The United Nations has been instrumental in advancing the idea of human security because it understands how crucial it is to protect and care for people in order to achieve sustainable development and advance peace and stability.

7. Is the Indian economy now integrated with the global economy? Comment.12.

Ans ) Yes, there is a great degree of economic integration between the Indian and the rest of the world nowadays. India has significantly opened up its economy, accepted globalisation, and deepened its integration into the world economy over the previous few decades. This integration has been facilitated by a number of variables. The liberalisation of trade and investment regulations, which has made it simpler for foreign corporations to invest in India and for Indian companies to conduct business overseas, has been one of the most significant. A number of free trade agreements that India has struck with various nations and areas have helped to facilitate trade and investment flows.

Other facets of the Indian economy have also merged more deeply with the global economy, in addition to trade and investment. For instance, Indian businesses have established themselves as key players in the global technology and services industries, with many of them offering outsourcing services to businesses abroad. A significant source of foreign direct investment (FDI), with businesses from all over the world investing in industries including manufacturing, services, and infrastructure, is India. Nevertheless, despite this integration, India still has certain difficulties in completely reaping the rewards of globalisation. Since many Indians have yet to gain from the nation's economic growth and absorption into the global economy, inequality is one of the main challenges. Concerns have also been raised regarding how globalisation may affect India's ecology, natural resources, and social and cultural fabric.

8. Is Planning relevant in India today?Discuss.12.

Ans ) In spite of the fact that the type and extent of planning have changed over time, it is still important in India today. Indian economic planning has a long history that dates back to the year of the nation's independence, 1947. Early planning efforts were concentrated on achieving self-sufficiency and fostering domestic industries. The nation's first Five-Year Plan, which was introduced in 1951, mirrored this.

The emphasis of planning has changed over time to take into account shifting economic interests and global trends. In recent years, there has been a focus on encouraging equitable and sustainable growth, with a focus on lowering poverty and inequality, fostering rural development, and spending money on infrastructure and human resources. The sector of infrastructure development is one of the main areas in India where planning is still important. India's infrastructure still needs major investment in areas like highways, trains, airports, and ports because it is deficient in many ways. Planning may guarantee that these investments are done strategically and in a coordinated manner, and that they are in line with more general economic and social goals.

Planning is important in fields like education and healthcare where it's important to make sure that funds are distributed in a way that encourages equity and access for everyone. Planning can assist in identifying the areas of highest need and in developing strategies for fully meeting these requirements. Effective planning in India has a number of obstacles, including red tape, political meddling, and weak data and information infrastructure. A realistic awareness of the nation's strengths and limitations is also required in order for planning to be responsive to shifting economic and social conditions.

SCQ: Write short notes on any two in about 100 words each: 6+6

13. (i) Directive Principles in the Indian Constitution

Ans ) The Indian Constitution contains a collection of rules and principles known as the Directive Principles of State Policy, which command the government to take certain acts to advance the welfare of the populace and create a just and equitable society. Despite not being legally binding, they are seen as essential to the nation's governance. The social, economic, and political challenges are just a few of the many topics that the Directive Principles address. They cover things like safeguards for minorities', women's, and children's rights; advancing health and education; ensuring that everyone has access to enough food and shelter; and safeguarding the environment.

13. (ii) Juvenile Justice Act

Ans ) The treatment of children who have run afoul of the law in India is governed by the Juvenile Justice Act (JJA). The Act was first proposed in 1986, and since then, various revisions have been made; the most recent was approved in 2015. The JJA's primary goal is to guarantee that children who interact with the legal system are treated in a way that respects their rights and needs as children. The Act outlines a number of actions that can be taken to encourage the rehabilitation and reintegration of young offenders and to stop them from engaging in more criminal behaviour.

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IGNOU BSHF-101 Solved Assignment 2021-22

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BSHF-101 (Foundation Course in Humanities and Social Sciences) is one of the core course of BDP / BA Foundation Course. It is valid for July 2021 and January 2022 cycle.

This assignment is valid for two admission cycles (July 2021 and January 2022).

1. For July 2021 admission          :  By 31st March 2022 for June Term End-Examination 2. For January 2022 admission  :  By 30th September 2022 for December Term-End Examination

Ignou BSHF-101 Solved Assignment 2021-22 are available in English and Hindi medium.

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Ignou bshf 101 solved assignment 2020-21.

IGNOU BSHF 101 Solved Assignment 2020-21 Students of Indira Gandhi National Open University have to submit solved assignment of IGNOU BSHF 101 (Foundation Course in Humanities and Social Sciences) at their study centres concerned. To solve the assignments, students can download question paper of BSHF 101 Tutor Marked assignment in both English & Hindi medium […]

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Ignou BSHF 101 Question Papers Ignou BSHF 101 Question Papers Dec 2019, June 2019, Dec 2018, June 2018, Dec 2017, June 2017, Dec 2016, June 2016, Dec 2015, June 2015 – Are you pursuing Bachelor Degree Programme (BDP – BA/ B.Com/ B.Sc., BTS, BCA) from Indira Gandhi National Open University? If yes, then you have […]

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