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Healthcare Insights

Top 15 diseases featured in the most publications

Published Nov 10th, 2022

Published scientific articles can provide insight into the healthcare industry’s ongoing trends and upcoming developments . By analyzing publications across the industry, healthcare organizations can understand who are the leading and emerging experts within a therapeutic area, which issues are shaping the field, and which diseases are drawing the greatest attention.

The following table lists the top 15 diseases featured in the most publications in 2022. We analyzed more than 1 million publications from the Monocl product suite to obtain this data, including clinical trial articles, review articles, and guideline articles. We also utilized a keyword hierarchy to identify terms within the publications and tag them with the specific disease state.

Fig. 1 – Data is from the Monocl ExpertInsight product, accessed October 2022.

Which diseases were featured in the most publications?

In 2022 alone, 233,419 publications were published on the 15 leading disease states. With more than 1 million publications available in 2022, nearly 20% were focused on the top 15 diseases. COVID-19 ranked first, with 50,000 more publications then the second ranked disease, neoplasms.

COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease quickly spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s no surprise that this disease tops the list of research areas.

Digging into the second most researched disease, neoplasms are a type of abnormal or excessive growth of tissue. Neoplasms have a significant number of related topics associated with this higher-level term, including cysts and precancerous conditions.

Neoplasms have been the subject of regular publications since 2000, with steady increases in the number of articles each year until 2020. Over the last two years, publications focused on neoplasms have declined.

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Healthcare Insights are developed with healthcare commercial intelligence from the Definitive Healthcare platform.

Monocl ExpertInsight enables you to view publications in a timeline view, based on disease state, proteins and chemicals, techniques, anatomy, or organisms. This view extends back as far as 1990, so you can identify emerging topics or trends on a broad scale. Knowing how many publications each year are focused on a specific topic supports biopharma organizations’ ongoing search for new potential markets or drug expansion opportunities. Want even more insights? Book a demo today to see the latest healthcare commercial intelligence on publications, facilities, disease states, and providers.

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Top 15 Diseases Featured In The Most Publications

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Why Choose Our Disease Research Topics?

Educators want you to convince them that you have taken the time to think about your topic and research it extensively. What’s more, your research should make a meaningful contribution to your study field. Therefore, select a good topic and research it extensively before you start writing. Analyze your information to determine what will make it to your research paper. Here is a list of 100 disease research paper topics worth considering for your paper or essay.

Infectious Disease Topics for Research Papers

Are you interested in infectious disease research topics? If yes, you will find this list interesting. This category comprises hot topics in infectious disease fields. Consider some of these ideas for your research paper.

The virology, epidemiology, and prevention of COVID-19
The diagnosis of COVID-19
Prevention vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Questions people ask about COVID-19
Clinical features of COVID-19
COVID-19 management in a hospital setting
Infection control for COVID-19 in homes and healthcare settings
Skin abscess and cellulitis in adults
Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and epidemiology of yellow fever
Transmission and epidemiology of measles
Role of untreated inflammation of genital tract in HIV transmission
Racial inequities of COVID-19 and HIV in black communities
Community-acquired pneumonia overview in adults
The use of procalcitonin in the infections of lower respiratory tract
Herpes simplex virus prevention and treatment
Uncomplicated Neisseria gonorrhea treatment
Society guidelines for COVID-19
Why public education is crucial in fighting COVID-19
Overview of Ebola over the last two decades
Investigations into the use of monoclonal antibody in treating Ebola

This category also has some of the best infectious disease presentation topics. Nevertheless, learners should prepare to research extensively before writing academic papers on these topics.

Interesting Disease Topics

Maybe you want to research and write a research paper on a topic that most people find interesting. In that case, consider these disease topics for research paper.

Discuss bulimia as a common eating disorder
Why are so many young people suffering from anorexia?
What causes most eating disorders
How serious are sleep disorders
Discuss rabies treatment- The Milwaukee protocol
Is assisted suicide a way to treat terminal diseases?
What are the effects of brain injuries?
What are professional diseases?
Is autism a norm variant or a disease?
The history of pandemics and epidemics
The role of antibiotics in treating diseases
What causes insomnia?
What are the effects of insomnia?
How to cope with insomnia
Can sleeping pills cure insomnia?
Explain what causes long-term insomnia
Using traditional medicine to fight insomnia
How to deal with bulimia and nervosa
How eating disorders affect self-harm behavior
How feminism affect anorexic women phenomenon

This is a list of easy disease topics for papers. What’s more, most people will find these research paper disease topics interesting to read about. Nevertheless, students should take time to research their preferred topics to come up with brilliant papers on any of these human disease research paper topics.

Cardiovascular Disease Research Topics

Maybe you’re interested in topic ideas on heart disease. Perhaps, you want to write about an illness of the respiratory system. In that case, consider these heart disease research topics.

An investigation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A research of the causes of coronary artery disease
Antithrombotic therapy in surgical valve and prosthetic heart valve repair
Intervention choice for severe cases of calcific aortic stenosis
Prognosis and treatment of heart failure using preserved fraction of injection
Infective endocarditis management in adults
Risk assessment for cardiovascular disease for primary prevention
Prognosis and treatment of acute pericarditis
Treatment of reflex syncope in adolescents and adults
Anticoagulant therapy for preventing thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation
Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 in adults
Acute decompensated heart failure treatment
What is hypertriglyceridemia?
How to manage elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in cardiovascular disease
Management and evaluation of cardiac disease
Conduction system and arrhythmias disease and COVID-19
Myocardial infarction in COVID-19
Can somebody inherit a cardiac disease?
How effective are treatments for irregular heartbeat?
How to determine the risk for a sudden cardiac death

This list comprises some of the best special disease topics. That’s because most people reading about these topics might not have heard about them before. Nevertheless, this category also has interesting research topics for disease control that may help individuals that want to avoid or manage some illnesses.

Research Topics for Chronic Disease

You probably know somebody living with a chronic illness. Unlike controversial topics in infectious disease, people don’t talk much about chronic illnesses. And for this reason, some people don’t know about these illnesses. When writing about non-communicable illnesses, you can settle for human genetic disease topics or even research topics for sickle cell disease. Here are some of the topics about non-communicable diseases that you can write about.

The risk of breast cancer after childbirth
Postpartum PTSD- Effective preventative measures
Experiences of females suffering from cardiac disease during pregnancy- A systematic review
Husbands attendance and knowledge of wives’ postpartum care in rural areas
Postpartum depression screening by perinatal nurses in hospitals
Gestational diabetes mellitus screening from the rural perspective
Maternal mortality- How to help cardiac and pregnant patients
Sex differences in cardio metabolic disorders and major depression- Effect of immune exposures and prenatal stress
Determinants and prevalence of anxiety and antepartum depressive symptoms in fathers and expectant mothers- Outcomes from perinatal psychiatric morbidity
Evaluating the effect of community health workers on non-communicable diseases, tuberculosis, malnutrition, antenatal care, and family planning
History of women with postpartum affective disorder and the risk of future pregnancies recurrence
New self-care guide package and its effect on neonatal and maternal results in gestational diabetes
Depressive symptoms and life events in pregnant women- Moderating the resilience role and social support
Gestational diabetes and ethnic disparities
Pregnancy and diabetes- Opportunities and risks
Cardiovascular disease maternal death reduction- A pragmatic investigation
Meta-analysis and systematic review of gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis with a two-step or one-step associations and approaches with negative pregnancy outcomes
Gestational diabetes mellitus treatment in women- A Cochrane systematic overview
Research in non-communicable diseases in Africa- A strategic investment
How to finance the national response to non-communicable diseases

Whether you opt to write about research paper topics in Huntington’s disease or non-communicable liver disease topics, you have to engage in extensive research to come up with a brilliant paper. We have more health research topics for you, so don’t hesitate to check them. Therefore, select an idea you will be comfortable researching and writing about. That way, you will avoid enduring a boring process of investing your topic and writing the paper. If you want to hire someone to help you with your assignment, just c ontact us with a “ do my research paper now ” request and we’ll get your papers done.

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Choosing the right topic is the first step in writing a successful disease research paper. This section presents an extensive array of disease research paper topics, divided into ten categories to guide your selection process.

1. Infectious Diseases

The impact of COVID-19 on global health systems.
The role of vaccination in the eradication of polio.
Tuberculosis: An ongoing challenge in developing nations.
Understanding the transmission dynamics of Zika virus.
Investigating the pathogenesis of Ebola.
The growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Malaria: Efforts towards prevention and cure.
Influenza pandemics: Historical and future perspectives.
The interplay between HIV and AIDS.
Understanding the pathophysiology of dengue fever.

2. Non-communicable Diseases

Diabetes Mellitus: Types, causes, and management.
Cardiovascular diseases: Risk factors and prevention strategies.
Exploring the genetic basis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Cancer: Analyzing advancements in diagnosis and treatment.
The global burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Understanding the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
The role of lifestyle in the prevalence of hypertension.
Investigating the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
The impact of obesity on public health.
Asthma: The role of environment and genetics.

3. Genetic Diseases

Cystic fibrosis: The role of gene therapy in management.
Huntington’s disease: Progress towards a cure.
Investigating the genetic basis of Down Syndrome.
The impact of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy on muscle cells.
The pathology of Sickle Cell Disease.
Tay-Sachs disease: An overview of causes and treatments.
Exploring the genetic mutations in Fragile X Syndrome.
Understanding the pathophysiology of Turner Syndrome.
The genetic basis of Hemophilia A and B.
The role of prenatal testing in diagnosing genetic diseases.

4. Mental Health Diseases

The societal implications of Major Depressive Disorder.
Schizophrenia: Understanding its causes and treatment options.
The rise of Anxiety Disorders in the 21st century.
The impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on veterans.
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Current research and future directions.
Understanding the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder.
The role of psychotherapy in managing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Eating Disorders: Causes, effects, and treatments.
Addiction: A study of the disease model.
Investigating the genetic basis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

5. Diseases of Specific Body Systems

Chronic Kidney Disease: The silent epidemic.
Investigating the pathology of Parkinson’s Disease.
The impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on quality of life.
Understanding the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.
Celiac Disease: The role of gluten in triggering an immune response.
The rising incidence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
The interplay between Immune System Disorders and overall health.
The role of the Endocrine System in Diabetes.
The impact of Chronic Respiratory Diseases on global health.
Understanding the pathology of Glaucoma.

6. Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases

Lassa Fever: An emerging viral disease.
The global challenge of Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis.
Lyme Disease: An emerging tick-borne illness.
The re-emergence of Measles: Causes and implications.
The threat of the Zika virus: An emerging mosquito-borne disease.
Chikungunya: An emerging arbovirus of global concern.
The resurgence of Whooping Cough in the developed world.
The impact of climate change on the emergence of diseases.
The role of international travel in the spread of emerging diseases.
Understanding the re-emergence of West Nile Virus.

7. Pediatric Diseases

Understanding the impact of Juvenile Diabetes.
Pediatric Cancer: An overview of causes and treatments.
Congenital Heart Disease: The most common birth defect.
Investigating the genetic basis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
The impact of Autism Spectrum Disorders on childhood development.
Understanding the pathology of Rett Syndrome.
Pediatric Asthma: Triggers and management.
The role of vaccination in preventing Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
Pediatric Obesity: A growing concern.
Understanding the causes and effects of Childhood Leukemia.

8. Diseases Related to Lifestyle

The link between lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases.
The role of diet in Type 2 Diabetes.
The impact of sedentary lifestyle on the incidence of Obesity.
Chronic Stress and its effect on health.
The link between Alcohol Consumption and Liver Diseases.
The role of smoking in the development of Lung Cancer.
The impact of unhealthy diet on the prevalence of Hypertension.
Understanding the link between sleep deprivation and health.
The relationship between Mental Health Disorders and lifestyle.
Lifestyle interventions for the management of Chronic Diseases.

9. Rare Diseases

Investigating the genetic basis of Alkaptonuria.
Understanding the causes and effects of Stiff Person Syndrome.
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration: A study of a rare genetic disorder.
The impact of Paraneoplastic Pemphigus on the skin and mucous membranes.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Understanding the brittle bone disease.
The pathology of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome.
The impact of Erdheim-Chester Disease on various organs.
Understanding the pathology of Hyper IgM Syndrome.
The challenges in diagnosing and treating Alkaptonuria.
The genetic basis of Wilson’s Disease.

10. Diseases of Global Health Importance

The role of the World Health Organization in controlling HIV/AIDS.
Understanding the impact of Malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.
The global burden of Tuberculosis.
The challenge of managing Chronic Diseases in low and middle-income countries.
The role of global health initiatives in controlling Infectious Diseases.
Understanding the impact of Non-Communicable Diseases on global health.
The role of Vaccination Programs in global health.
The global impact of Mental Health Disorders.
The effect of Climate Change on global disease distribution.
The challenge of emerging and re-emerging diseases in global health.

Each of these disease research paper topics presents a unique opportunity to contribute to our understanding of disease pathology, management, and prevention. These subjects stretch across numerous domains of disease, allowing you to delve deep into the intricacies of genetic disorders, mental health conditions, lifestyle diseases, and many more. Moreover, the opportunity to explore emerging diseases and the diseases of global health importance offers you a platform to engage in discussions that are at the forefront of global health discourse. Thus, these disease research paper topics can help illuminate new paths for treatment strategies, preventive measures, or even potential cures. Picking the right topic is a cornerstone of writing an engaging and informative research paper. Remember that your choice can shape the direction of your research and, in turn, our collective understanding of disease. With these comprehensive disease research paper topics at your disposal, the first step towards a successful disease research paper is already within your reach. Choose a topic that resonates with you, unleash your curiosity, and start your research journey.

Choosing Disease Research Paper Topics

Choosing a topic for your disease research paper can be an intricate task. It requires not only a clear understanding of your subject matter but also awareness of your own interests and the available resources. Here are some expert tips to guide you through this process:

Identify your Interest: Choosing a topic is more than just selecting a disease that seems interesting. It should be something you are genuinely curious about. It could be a disease that affects you personally, one that is prevalent in your community, or one that is of global health importance. Your interest and enthusiasm will guide your research and keep you engaged throughout the writing process.
Understand the Scope: Consider the scope of your research. Is it a broad overview or an in-depth study? A wide-ranging topic like “The Impact of Lifestyle on Health” could become overwhelming due to its broad nature. On the other hand, a very specific topic like “The Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity” might become too limited. Finding the right balance is crucial for effective research.
Evaluate Resources: Do a preliminary check of available resources. This will help you gauge if there’s enough information available on your chosen topic. It can be incredibly frustrating to choose a topic only to discover that there is very little research or data available.
Relevance: Consider the relevance of your topic to your course, current scientific debates, or public health issues. Selecting a relevant topic can make your research paper more impactful and can catch the attention of your readers or reviewers.
Feasibility: Consider the feasibility of your study. Do you have the necessary resources, time, and skills to undertake the research? For instance, a topic requiring advanced statistical analysis might not be feasible if you’re not confident in your data analysis skills.
Novelty: Choose a topic that brings something new to the field. While it’s crucial to have foundational knowledge, the aim of research is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge. A fresh perspective or a novel approach can make your paper stand out.
Review the Literature: A thorough literature review is essential before finalizing a topic. It will help you identify gaps in the current research that you could fill with your study. This can add value to your research and enhance its significance in the field.
Seek Advice: Don’t hesitate to seek advice from your professors, peers, or mentors. They can provide valuable insights that might help you refine your topic or approach.
Flexibility: Be flexible. You may need to narrow, broaden, or even change your topic as you delve deeper into your research. Being open to these changes can improve the quality of your work.
Alignment with Career Goals: If you have clear career goals, aligning your research with these can be beneficial. For example, if you plan to specialize in neurology, choosing a topic related to neurological diseases can be advantageous.

Selecting a research topic is the first step in the journey of research writing. With these expert tips, you can navigate this step with confidence and prepare yourself for a rewarding research experience.

How to Write a Disease Research Paper

Writing a disease research paper can be an arduous but rewarding process. The key to producing a high-quality paper lies in meticulous planning, structured writing, and thorough proofreading. Here are some comprehensive steps and tips to guide you through this process:

Understand the Assignment: Before you start writing, ensure you understand the requirements of the assignment. What is the word count? Are there specific formatting rules? What is the deadline? Having a clear understanding of these parameters can help you plan your research and writing process effectively.
Conduct a Thorough Literature Review: A literature review is the backbone of your research. It allows you to familiarize yourself with the existing body of knowledge about your chosen disease. Look for the most recent and relevant studies and pay attention to the methodologies used, the results, and the conclusions drawn. This will not only deepen your understanding of the subject but also help you identify gaps in the current research.
Formulate a Research Question or Thesis Statement: Based on your literature review, formulate a research question or a thesis statement. This will guide your research and provide a clear focus for your paper. Ensure your thesis is specific, concise, and arguable.
Develop an Outline: An outline serves as a roadmap for your paper. It ensures that your ideas are organized and presented in a logical manner. A typical research paper includes an introduction, a literature review, a methodology section, a results section, a discussion, and a conclusion. Depending on the requirements of your assignment, you might also need to include an abstract and a references page.
Write a Draft: Begin writing your paper based on the outline. It might be tempting to write the paper from start to finish, but many researchers find it easier to start with the body of the paper before writing the introduction and conclusion. Don’t worry about making it perfect on the first go – the goal of the first draft is to get your ideas down on paper.
Cite Your Sources: Always remember to cite your sources. This is crucial not only for acknowledging the work of other researchers but also for avoiding plagiarism. Ensure you follow the citation style required by your assignment.
Revise and Edit: Review your draft for clarity, coherence, and logic. Check if your ideas flow smoothly and your arguments are well-supported with evidence. Look out for any inconsistencies, grammatical errors, or citation mistakes. This stage might require several rounds of revisions to polish your paper.
Seek Feedback: Consider seeking feedback from your peers, tutors, or mentors. They can provide fresh perspectives and help you spot any potential weaknesses in your paper that you might have missed.
Write the Final Draft: Based on the feedback and your own revisions, write your final draft. Pay extra attention to your language – it should be formal, clear, and concise. Avoid jargon as much as possible, and explain any technical terms that you do use.
Proofread: Lastly, proofread your paper for any typos or formatting errors. A well-presented, error-free paper will leave a good impression on your readers and reflect the effort you put into your research.

Remember, writing a research paper is a process that requires time, effort, and patience. Don’t be discouraged by initial challenges. With persistence and by following these steps, you’ll be well-equipped to write a high-quality disease research paper.

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77 interesting medical research topics for 2024

Last updated

25 November 2023

Reviewed by

Brittany Ferri, PhD, OTR/L

Medical research is the gateway to improved patient care and expanding our available treatment options. However, finding a relevant and compelling research topic can be challenging.

Use this article as a jumping-off point to select an interesting medical research topic for your next paper or clinical study.

How to choose a medical research topic

When choosing a research topic , it’s essential to consider a couple of things. What topics interest you? What unanswered questions do you want to address?

During the decision-making and brainstorming process, here are a few helpful tips to help you pick the right medical research topic:

Focus on a particular field of study

The best medical research is specific to a particular area. Generalized studies are often too broad to produce meaningful results, so we advise picking a specific niche early in the process.

Maybe a certain topic interests you, or your industry knowledge reveals areas of need.

Look into commonly researched topics

Once you’ve chosen your research field, do some preliminary research. What have other academics done in their papers and projects?

From this list, you can focus on specific topics that interest you without accidentally creating a copycat project. This groundwork will also help you uncover any literature gaps—those may be beneficial areas for research.

Get curious and ask questions

Now you can get curious. Ask questions that start with why, how, or what. These questions are the starting point of your project design and will act as your guiding light throughout the process.

For example:

What impact does pollution have on children’s lung function in inner-city neighborhoods?

Why is pollution-based asthma on the rise?

How can we address pollution-induced asthma in young children?

77 medical research topics worth exploring in 2023

Need some research inspiration for your upcoming paper or clinical study? We’ve compiled a list of 77 topical and in-demand medical research ideas. Let’s take a look.

Exciting new medical research topics

If you want to study cutting-edge topics, here are some exciting options:

COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms

Since 2020, COVID-19 has been a hot-button topic in medicine, along with the long-term symptoms in those with a history of COVID-19.

Examples of COVID-19-related research topics worth exploring include:

The long-term impact of COVID-19 on cardiac and respiratory health

COVID-19 vaccination rates

The evolution of COVID-19 symptoms over time

New variants and strains of the COVID-19 virus

Changes in social behavior and public health regulations amid COVID-19

Vaccinations

Finding ways to cure or reduce the disease burden of chronic infectious diseases is a crucial research area. Vaccination is a powerful option and a great topic to research.

Examples of vaccination-related research topics include:

mRNA vaccines for viral infections

Biomaterial vaccination capabilities

Vaccination rates based on location, ethnicity, or age

Public opinion about vaccination safety

Artificial tissues fabrication

With the need for donor organs increasing, finding ways to fabricate artificial bioactive tissues (and possibly organs) is a popular research area.

Examples of artificial tissue-related research topics you can study include:

The viability of artificially printed tissues

Tissue substrate and building block material studies

The ethics and efficacy of artificial tissue creation

Medical research topics for medical students

For many medical students, research is a big driver for entering healthcare. If you’re a medical student looking for a research topic, here are some great ideas to work from:

Sleep disorders

Poor sleep quality is a growing problem, and it can significantly impact a person’s overall health.

Examples of sleep disorder-related research topics include:

How stress affects sleep quality

The prevalence and impact of insomnia on patients with mental health conditions

Possible triggers for sleep disorder development

The impact of poor sleep quality on psychological and physical health

How melatonin supplements impact sleep quality

Alzheimer’s and dementia

Cognitive conditions like dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are on the rise worldwide. They currently have no cure. As a result, research about these topics is in high demand.

Examples of dementia-related research topics you could explore include:

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in a chosen population

Early onset symptoms of dementia

Possible triggers or causes of cognitive decline with age

Treatment options for dementia-like conditions

The mental and physical burden of caregiving for patients with dementia

Lifestyle habits and public health

Modern lifestyles have profoundly impacted the average person’s daily habits, and plenty of interesting topics explore its effects.

Examples of lifestyle and public health-related research topics include:

The nutritional intake of college students

The impact of chronic work stress on overall health

The rise of upper back and neck pain from laptop use

Prevalence and cause of repetitive strain injuries (RSI)

Controversial medical research paper topics

Medical research is a hotbed of controversial topics, content, and areas of study.

If you want to explore a more niche (and attention-grabbing) concept, here are some controversial medical research topics worth looking into:

The benefits and risks of medical cannabis

Depending on where you live, the legalization and use of cannabis for medical conditions is controversial for the general public and healthcare providers.

Examples of medical cannabis-related research topics that might grab your attention include:

The legalization process of medical cannabis

The impact of cannabis use on developmental milestones in youth users

Cannabis and mental health diagnoses

CBD’s impact on chronic pain

Prevalence of cannabis use in young people

The impact of maternal cannabis use on fetal development

Understanding how THC impacts cognitive function

Human genetics

The Human Genome Project identified, mapped, and sequenced all human DNA genes. Its completion in 2003 opened up a world of exciting and controversial studies in human genetics.

Examples of human genetics-related research topics worth delving into include:

Medical genetics and the incidence of genetic-based health disorders

Behavioral genetics differences between identical twins

Genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders

Machine learning technologies for genetic research

Sexual health studies

Human sexuality and sexual health are important (yet often stigmatized) medical topics that need new research and analysis.

As a diverse field ranging from sexual orientation studies to sexual pathophysiology, examples of sexual health-related research topics include:

The incidence of sexually transmitted infections within a chosen population

Mental health conditions within the LGBTQIA+ community

The impact of untreated sexually transmitted infections

Access to safe sex resources (condoms, dental dams, etc.) in rural areas

Health and wellness research topics

Human wellness and health are trendy topics in modern medicine as more people are interested in finding natural ways to live healthier lifestyles.

If this field of study interests you, here are some big topics in the wellness space:

Gluten sensitivity

Gluten allergies and intolerances have risen over the past few decades. If you’re interested in exploring this topic, your options range in severity from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to full-blown anaphylaxis.

Some examples of gluten sensitivity-related research topics include:

The pathophysiology and incidence of Celiac disease

Early onset symptoms of gluten intolerance

The prevalence of gluten allergies within a set population

Gluten allergies and the incidence of other gastrointestinal health conditions

Pollution and lung health

Living in large urban cities means regular exposure to high levels of pollutants.

As more people become interested in protecting their lung health, examples of impactful lung health and pollution-related research topics include:

The extent of pollution in densely packed urban areas

The prevalence of pollution-based asthma in a set population

Lung capacity and function in young people

The benefits and risks of steroid therapy for asthma

Pollution risks based on geographical location

Plant-based diets

Plant-based diets like vegan and paleo diets are emerging trends in healthcare due to their limited supporting research.

If you’re interested in learning more about the potential benefits or risks of holistic, diet-based medicine, examples of plant-based diet research topics to explore include:

Vegan and plant-based diets as part of disease management

Potential risks and benefits of specific plant-based diets

Plant-based diets and their impact on body mass index

The effect of diet and lifestyle on chronic disease management

Health supplements

Supplements are a multi-billion dollar industry. Many health-conscious people take supplements, including vitamins, minerals, herbal medicine, and more.

Examples of health supplement-related research topics worth investigating include:

Omega-3 fish oil safety and efficacy for cardiac patients

The benefits and risks of regular vitamin D supplementation

Health supplementation regulation and product quality

The impact of social influencer marketing on consumer supplement practices

Analyzing added ingredients in protein powders

Healthcare research topics

Working within the healthcare industry means you have insider knowledge and opportunity. Maybe you’d like to research the overall system, administration, and inherent biases that disrupt access to quality care.

While these topics are essential to explore, it is important to note that these studies usually require approval and oversight from an Institutional Review Board (IRB). This ensures the study is ethical and does not harm any subjects.

For this reason, the IRB sets protocols that require additional planning, so consider this when mapping out your study’s timeline.

Here are some examples of trending healthcare research areas worth pursuing:

The pros and cons of electronic health records

The rise of electronic healthcare charting and records has forever changed how medical professionals and patients interact with their health data.

Examples of electronic health record-related research topics include:

The number of medication errors reported during a software switch

Nurse sentiment analysis of electronic charting practices

Ethical and legal studies into encrypting and storing personal health data

Inequities within healthcare access

Many barriers inhibit people from accessing the quality medical care they need. These issues result in health disparities and injustices.

Examples of research topics about health inequities include:

The impact of social determinants of health in a set population

Early and late-stage cancer stage diagnosis in urban vs. rural populations

Affordability of life-saving medications

Health insurance limitations and their impact on overall health

Diagnostic and treatment rates across ethnicities

People who belong to an ethnic minority are more likely to experience barriers and restrictions when trying to receive quality medical care. This is due to systemic healthcare racism and bias.

As a result, diagnostic and treatment rates in minority populations are a hot-button field of research. Examples of ethnicity-based research topics include:

Cancer biopsy rates in BIPOC women

The prevalence of diabetes in Indigenous communities

Access inequalities in women’s health preventative screenings

The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in Black populations

Pharmaceutical research topics

Large pharmaceutical companies are incredibly interested in investing in research to learn more about potential cures and treatments for diseases.

If you’re interested in building a career in pharmaceutical research, here are a few examples of in-demand research topics:

Cancer treatment options

Clinical research is in high demand as pharmaceutical companies explore novel cancer treatment options outside of chemotherapy and radiation.

Examples of cancer treatment-related research topics include:

Stem cell therapy for cancer

Oncogenic gene dysregulation and its impact on disease

Cancer-causing viral agents and their risks

Treatment efficacy based on early vs. late-stage cancer diagnosis

Cancer vaccines and targeted therapies

Immunotherapy for cancer

Pain medication alternatives

Historically, opioid medications were the primary treatment for short- and long-term pain. But, with the opioid epidemic getting worse, the need for alternative pain medications has never been more urgent.

Examples of pain medication-related research topics include:

Opioid withdrawal symptoms and risks

Early signs of pain medication misuse

Anti-inflammatory medications for pain control

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555 Disease Research Topics & Disease Project Ideas

Are you tired of disease essay topics lists simply enumerating common illnesses? Then this article is exactly what you need! Here, you will find an outstanding list of interesting diseases to write a report on or make a presentation about.

🏆 Best Disease Topics for Project

✍️ disease essay topics for college, 👍 good disease research topics & essay examples, 🌶️ hot disease project ideas, 🎓 interesting diseases to write a report on, 📌 easy disease essay topics, 💡 simple disease essay ideas, ❓ disease research questions.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Role of a Nurse
Research Proposal: Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease
“The Bear Came Over the Mountain”: True Love and Alzheimer’s Disease
Diabetes: Causes and Effects of Disease
Obesity as a Disease: Arguments For and Against
Chickenpox: Disease Control and Prevention
Peru – Globalization, Environment, Crime and Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review This paper focuses on the definition of Alzheimer’s disease, including the diagnosis, symptoms, prevalence, participating factors, and a description of more vulnerable groups.
Real-Life Story of Post-traumatic Stress Disease Philips’s case is an actual representation of the manifestation and intervention of PTSD, a piece of evidence the condition is treatable.
Levels of Disease Prevention A healthy population is more beneficial for development since it is employable, and there is no need for state help.
Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease This paper aims to discuss Alzheimer’s disease focusing on the problem, affected population, cultural, financial, legal, and ethical implications of the condition.
ADHD: The Center’s for Disease Control and Prevention Webpage The Center’s for Disease Control and Prevention webpage on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder sufficiently employs ethos, pathos, and logos rhetoric allures.
Drug Addiction: A Choice or a Medical Disease? This article examines two opposing points of view on the problem of drug addiction – does a person have a choice to be a drug addict or is drug addiction a medical disease?
Infectious Disease and Public Health Focus Infectious disease may be defined as the clinically manifest infection, resulting from the sickness caused by pathogens.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease One of the most recognizable symptoms of GERD is regular heartburn, resulting in a burning, painful sensation in the chest.
Risk Factors for Hypokinetic Disease This study gives a short definition of the diagnosed health condition of two family members including information on risk factors for hypokinetic disease.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patient Case Study A patient arrived at the ER with severe shortness of breath, persistent coughing, wheezing, and complaining of overwhelming fatigue.
Caregiver Burden for Adult Children Whose Parent Has Alzheimer’s Disease The purpose of the proposed study is to critically explore the relationship between caregiver burden and social stigma for adult children whose parents have AD.
Dealing with the Disease Outbreak A disease is a condition of the body in which some abnormality occurs, which may, in turn, cause pain, distress, or discomfort.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Community Teaching Plan This paper is a summary and reflection of my personal teaching experience for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease This paper includes educational lessons targeted at teaching how to overcome the burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Parkinson’s Disease: Categories, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment The nerve cells (or the neurons) are located in the substantia nigra of the brain which is pigmented part of the brain that secrete a chemical substance known as dopamine.
Health Belief Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Health Belief Model is important in prevention of illness and promotion of health. As a result, the nurse should apply it to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects of Diet and Exercise In this research paper, the effects of exercise and diet on human hearts were discussed through the prism of the analysis of cardiovascular diseases, its types, and risk factors.
Disease Management and Effects Regulation Disease management entails excellent healthcare interventions that aim at regulating the effects of a disease.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Impacts STD is an infectious disease transmitted through unprotected sexual activities such as anal sex, vaginal penetration, intravenous drug use or IV.
Kidney Stones Disease: Causes and Treatment The renal calculi, also known as kidney stones, is caused by an imbalance between the precipitation and solubility of the salts in the urinary bladder and the kidneys.
Cardiovascular Disease: General Information This paper focuses on cardiovascular diseases, drawing from evidence-based studies and scientific data to understand the causes and develop recommendations for lowering CVD prevalence.
The Ebola Virus and Disease Prevention The Ebola virus belongs to the filioviridae family in the order of mononegaviruses. The virus is single-stranded and exhibits a distinct heterogenous threadlike structure.
Final Care Coordination Plan: Alzheimer’s Disease Facts Care coordination serves as an essential practice in patient-centered care, targeting patients’ needs, preferences, and values and ensuring access to care and holistic treatment.
Limitations and Solutions Related to Diseases Discussion of the possible limitations and solutions is vital. It would be appropriate to speak of the disease itself, its treatment and prevention, its barriers, and solutions.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Disease Diabetic ketoacidosis is a condition that can appear in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and, in most severe cases, may turn out to be fatal if not addressed in due time.
The Sexually Transmitted Diseases Screening, vaccinations, and awareness are required because of sexually transmitted diseases’ rising trends, negative effects on the public’s health, and escalating costs.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The CDC can contribute to the enhancement of public health and safety, the promotion of equal opportunities, and the improvement of the quality of life.
Healthy People 2030: Addressing Cardiovascular Diseases Healthy People 2030 develop programs and interventions to address the cardiovascular diseases issue from different angles simultaneously.
Common Lung Diseases Overview The human lung is a respiratory organ made up of secondary lobules and Broncho vascular bundles, alveoli and blood vessels, and an interstitial.
Cholera Infectious Disease. Disease Spread Pattern Cholera is an infectious disease that is caused by a bacterium. The disease is transmitted through the consumption of food or water that is contaminated with fecal material.
Oral Hygiene in Hospital Patients: Preventing Infectious Diseases Having an effective oral care program is a must for every hospital in order to protect patients from contracting infectious diseases.
Alzheimer’s Disease in the “Away From Her” Movie This paper analyzes the movie “Away from Her” that presents an accurate portrayal of the lives of people with Alzheimer’s disease.
Nursing Assessment of Patient With Respiratory Disease As the patient has a history of COPD diagnosis, it is vital to consider the pathophysiology of his disease process through the prism of potential exacerbations of COPD.
Heart Disease and Stroke: Project Proposal and Budgeting This paper is a project proposal for the management of heart disease and stroke in Minnesota, outlines a leadership and strategic plan for addressing the high incidences.
Type II Diabetes: Disease Analysis Diabetes is one of the diseases that can cause several complications on patients. Evidence has revealed that diabetic complication range from stroke, heart disease or death.
Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention Representatives of the philosophical and sociological direction in medicine and prevention consider a healthy lifestyle as a global social problem.
Dementia – The Disease of the Older Generation The research paper explores the ways in which the quality of life of patients with dementia could be improved.
Disease Research: Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a multifactorial, complex illness that demands proper clinical understanding and a multidisciplinary way to determine diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding Ebola: Epidemiology of Virus Disease This paper describes the epidemiology of Ebola, related determinants of health, the epidemiologic triangle, the role of community health nurse in containing outbreaks and a global implication of this disease.
Using Mobile Health to Manage Chronic Diseases and Empower Patients The utilization of m-health and electronic health information in CDM ensures more active and knowledgeable patients in the move towards a patient-centered healthcare delivery paradigm
Tarui’s Disease Due To Phosphofructokinase 1 Deficiency Tarui’s disease is a metabolic ailment that arises from the deficiency of the enzyme phosphofructokinase. The glycolytic pathway does not go to completion in the muscles.
Reproductive Diseases and Disorders This exemplar focuses on analyzing reproductive diseases and disorders and on determining the benefits of using assisted reproductive technology like in vitro fertilization
An Algorithm for Coronary Artery Disease Coronary heart disease can be dangerous if not treated at the right time. This paper provided a general formula that can be used to treat and manage coronary artery disease.
Vitamins E and C in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men The paper that was identified for critical analysis was that of Vitamins E and C in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men.
Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases: Tuberculosis Although tuberculosis has gained massive notoriety within the first several months of its premiere, a lot of people remain unaware of the effects that the disease produces.
Infectious Disease Trends and Nursing Epidemiology This paper studies infectious disease trends and nurses’ role in epidemiology. It defines the commonly used terms and discusses how caregivers can reduce contaminations.
Prevention of Chronic Disease in the Modern Society The impact of the problem of chronic diseases is considered at the national level since many patients are at risk regularly.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases in High School Students This study of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among adolescents will entail the use of a quasi-experimental design.
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention The research of the work is focused on finding the roots of the development of common adult diseases and addressing these roots at the early stages.
Effect of Bananas and Other Compounds on Lyme Disease Bananas contain many bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. Antioxidants such as Vitamin C are present in bananas as well.
Dementia Disease and Its Physiological Effects The rarest manifestations for people with dementia are euphoria and hallucinations. The significant clinical presentations of this condition are depression, apathy, and anxiety.
The Coronary Artery Disease: Nursing Intervention Nursing intervention has often been cited as a valuable component in preventing coronary artery disease through patient interaction and education.
Gerontology Assignment: Aging and Chronic Diseases Most people on the planet long to have a long life, and many people make preparations on how to live their sunset years gracefully.
Theories in Epidemiology. Stress and Heart Disease The impact of stress on heart diseases is highly controversial among scientists. Various studies support the hypothesis that stress is highly associated with heart disease.
Health Profile Assessment: Coronary Heart Disease Health Profile Assessment is a way of understanding the health conditions of individuals and families. It aids individuals to make decisions relating to their health.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Awareness Campaigns Even though new problems have emerged, toning down the gravity of the HIV- and STD-related ones, there is still the necessity to educate young people about the threat of STD.
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Reduced intake of trans fats. This involves the banning of all industrial trans fats through a legislature, just like Denmark did.
Sickle Cell Disease Analysis Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) also referred to as Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is an autosomal blood disorder that occurs in individuals who possess a pair of recessive Sickle Cell genes.
The Spread of Preventable Diseases One of the most impressive examples of the disease, which is widespread due to the willingness of part of the population to make vaccines, is measles.
The Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors The three main risk factors for cardiovascular disease include hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. They are modifiable since they are treatable and we can change them.
Health Promotion Theory for Chronic Kidney Disease Effective prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD), clearly, requires different approaches to lessen the number of deaths in the world.
Pathophysiology of Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease With new variants of Creutzfield-Jakob disease being discovered, it becomes one of the significant public health issues to properly establish the true causes of the disease.
Nutrition, Disease, and Malnutrition The paper remarks on the essence of nutrition as a critical component of an individual’s overall health, and stresses the malnutrition outcomes.
Human Disease Course Importance for Nursing Students For a nursing student, the information obtained during the Human Disease course provides a framework on top of which one may build further knowledge, skills, and competencies.
An Outbreak of the Irrational: Refusion from Measles Disease Vaccination Today people do not face measles disease and its consequences, and for this reason, they are not afraid of it enough. The paper discusses the reasons for refuse from vaccination.
Heart Disease: Post-interventional Practice and Monitoring Patient education plays a key role, as the man must be aware of physical conditions characterized by negative dynamics.
The Impact of Climate Change on Inflectional Diseases This paper will examine the increasing spread of infectious diseases as one of the effects of climate change, as well as current and possible measures to overcome it.
A Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is defined as “an infection-induced inflammation of the female upper reproductive tract predominantly caused by sexually-transmitted pathogens
Single Children Caregivers vs. Married Couple Caregivers: Alzheimer’s Disease The purpose of this topic is to expand research on Dementia/Alzheimer’s Disease from the standpoint of the caregiver perspective.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia Description As time goes by, people are more likely to encounter memory problems. This can be both a natural sign of aging or illness.
Project and Study Design of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Teeneagers The HBM will be used to gain a better understanding of the adolescents’ health behaviors and possible reasons for non-compliance with any recommended health actions.
Epidemiology: Waterborne Diseases Development The article highlights the problem of water-borne diseases, the author also explains the reasons for the increase in the number of these diseases.
Communicable Disease Control. Medical Issues. Communicable diseases are those diseases that are easily spread from person to person by way of contact, food, water, contaminated objects or even through the air.
The Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Community Teaching Plan The present paper will offer a reflection on a lesson with a focus on the evaluation of related teaching experience, community response, and the aspects that could be improved.
Physiology of Parkinson’s Disease The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease manifest themselves as a result of decreased activity of cells secreting dopamine.
Female Patient With Hypotension and Alzheimer’s Disease The paper presents the case study analysis of a female patient with hypotension and Alzheimer’s disease who recently suffered a fall.
Differences Between Illness and Disease If people do not realize they have it, the illness will not affect them, but someone may pass away from it. In a perfect world, the sickness is healed, and the ailment goes away.
Discussion: Disease and Homeostasis Not all diseases can be cured, but some can be managed through treatments that help relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.
Drug Addiction: A Disease or a Choice? Drug addiction remains a serious health concern for contemporary society. The problem of whether drug addiction can be viewed as a disease or a choice remains topical.
Microbe-Human Interaction in Health and Disease One of the most critical topics in microbe-human interaction concerns microbial reservoirs since they inform one about the various places pathogens can be found.
Stereotyping Related to Parkinson’s Disease The current paper will focus on analyzing the stereotypes relating to Parkinson’s disease. Specifically, the patient group which will be the subject of the study is older men.
Researching the Disease Prevention Along with the development of new technologies and methods of patient care, modern medicine is characterized by progress in the field of prevention.
Cardiac Health and Disease Prevention The prevalence of cardiovascular conditions in today’s environment has become a pressing concern. Millions of people suffer from them.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pathophysiology Pelvic inflammatory disease is a disease of pelvic organs in women. It is defined as “an infection of the upper genital tract occurring predominantly in young women”.
The Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease The paper states that the incidence of end-stage renal disease has declined since the 2010s, but it is still the highest in the world.
Health Promotion Among Australian Aborigines with Respiratory Diseases The high prevalence rate of respiratory diseases among the Aborigines in Australia has prompted an urgency to carry out a need analysis for its causal factors.
Distribution of Oral Diseases The paper discusses how dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer are distributed nationally and globally.
DNP: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention The goal of this paper is to introduce a self-assessment that represents my skills and proves my readiness to work on the DNP project to prevent STD in elderly male patients.
Lyme Disease: Causes and Treatment The purpose of this article is to consider Lyme Disease: pathogen, transmission routes, course of the disease, and treatment.
Living With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnosis and Management Plan This study focuses on issues surrounding the diagnosis and management of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Congenital Heart Disease in Children Little remains known about the causes, effects, and remedies to congenital heart disease. The study provides the literature review that explores congenital heart disease in detail.
Sickle Cell Disease: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention The current report is aimed at producing an approximate plan of action for a definite patient who has been diagnosed with sickle cell anemia at birth.
Cell Organelles in Health and Diseases Organelles are structures in a cell that have specific functions such as energy production and controlling growth.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Rates in Prince George’s County This paper focuses on the rate of sexually transmitted diseases in county of Prince George, in Maryland. More specifically the community diagnosed is that of Upper Marlboro City.
Genetic Diseases: Hemophilia This article focuses on a genetic disorder such as hemophilia: causes, symptoms, history, diagnosis, and treatment.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatment Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease symptoms are normally occasioned by either chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention This paper includes a brief analysis of the impact the CDC agency has on healthcare quality and community development.
Alzheimer’s Disease Through the Lens of a Relationship In this story, “The Mysteries of My Father’s Mind” by Rebecca Rotert, a whole complex of topics is raised related to the experiences of Alzheimer’s.
Heart Disease and Stroke (HDS): Pathophysiology and Treatment Heart disease and stroke (HDS) can affect people of all ages, but the risk of developing HDS is increasing with age.
Communicable Diseases: Measles and Its Impact on the Population Among the variety of communicable diseases, there are those that are typical for certain population groups. One of the problems of modern medicine is measles, mostly a child’s ailment.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Nursing Activities Public health nurses play a critical role in the prevention of STDs and HIV by providing specialized care and creating interventions aimed at educating the population.
Acute Pancreatitis as a Life-Threatening Disease Acute pancreatitis is hereditary for some people since gene mutations determining the patient’s disposition for the disease have been discovered.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Its Prevention Various sources often contravene each other on the efficacy of this or that particular preventive measure in relation to pelvic inflammatory disease.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Treatment This paper discusses the questions related to pelvic inflammatory disease, its symptoms and manage, teaching, and follow-up, by analyzing a particular case.
Heart Disease Patients’ Education and Barriers Relevant academic literature has been reviewed to identify major themes and important findings in the area of patient education among heart disease patients.
Chronic Kidney Disease Patient Nursing Care Plan Patients with renal failure are the target population the needs of which will be addressed in the course of the study.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Adolescents Sexually transmitted diseases can be spread by vaginal, anal, and oral intercourses and may not cause symptoms but be passed on to others unnoticed.
Self-Management Skills in Chronic Disease Management If a patient does not know how to manage his or her condition and engage in effective self-care, negative health outcomes can be expected.
Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Strategies The purpose of this analysis is to identify the most efficacious policy strategies that can help prevent heart diseases and strokes.
Sickle Cell Disease and Healthcare Decisions The paper analyzes sickle cell disease, investigates the involvement of the family in making healthcare decisions and determines the role of grants and FDA regulations.
Miami-Dade County’s Communicable Diseases The monthly report on epidemic diseases in Miami-Dade County, FL, focuses on communicable diseases in all ages of the population.
Patient Teaching Plan: Hypertension as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Kidney Disease The patient has been diagnosed with renal failure. The present assignment shall focus on hypertension as a modifiable risk factor for kidney disease.
Cardiovascular Diseases: Causes and Risk Factors The main causes of cardiovascular diseases are lifestyle choices such as smoking and obesity coupled with physical inabilities.
Quality Long-Term Care for Patients With Chronic Diseases The provision of quality long-term care for patients with chronic diseases can increase their life expectancy and improve its quality, although not cure the disease.
Family Planning: Human Reproductive Diseases Regular follow-up involves assessing satisfaction with the contraceptive method, changes in lifestyle and diet, or changes in medications.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Autoimmune Disease The paper states that rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease caused by inflammation in the body. It occurs when the body’s immunity targets healthy cells.
Heart Disease Risk Profiles and Gender Differences There are gender differences in heart disease risk profiles and associated chronic conditions, despite the similarity of the classical risk factors.
Shifting Disease Burden and Age Discrimination The disease burden is exacerbated by social and economic disparities affecting healthcare access. Age discrimination and challenges caused by multimorbidity should be addressed.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Genetic Risk and Ethical Considerations Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that causes brain shrinkage and the death of brain cells. It is the most prevalent form of dementia.
Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease While Alzheimer’s disease can be found in every state, Texas’ statistics indicate the special prevalence of the condition, making dementia a permeating public health issue.
Feeding Patients With Dementia or Alzheimer’s Disease The effectiveness of probes in feeding persons with dementia/Alzheimer’s disease remains high. However, because of the risks, other less invasive methods are recommended.
Chronic Diseases’ Effects on Emotional & Social States Many people are diagnosed with various illnesses, and often those conditions are chronic. A significant number of people across the US face long-standing diseases.
Policy Changes to Control Disease Better Concerns and inquiries about the most effective ways to prevent and control viruses are raised by the increasing trend of disease transmission.
The COVID-19 Infectious Disease Analysis Talking about infectious diseases, modern people should remember the threat of COVID-19 and the necessity of taking certain precautionary steps.
Heart Disease in the Elderly: Risks, Pathological Changes, and Solutions Heart conditions or cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent among elderly individuals and are considered a leading cause of mortality among individuals over 65 years.
Diabetes Disease, Its Prevention and Treatment This paper states that the critical element of achieving success in the precluding of diabetes and its complications appears to be the prevention of diabetes.
A Critical Review of Psychological and Behavioral Responses to Coronavirus Disease 2019 The critical review examines the psychological and behavioral responses of individuals to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the influence of personality traits.
Akan Adults with Hypertension: Self-Disease Management This essay discusses the necessary change models applicable for the Akan adult population in West Africa living with hypertension.
The Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Nigeria Ebola is a highly infectious disease with elevated mortality and spread rates. The paper examines the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria.
Analysis of Ebola Virus Disease This paper discusses the Ebola virus disease, including its transmission mode, symptoms, and prevention mechanism deeply.
Cholera as a Water-Related Disease This paper explores the relationship between water and global health problems, focusing on cholera as a specific water-related disease.
Tuberculosis: Family Medicine and Disease Prevention This essay focuses on tuberculosis infection, prevention and control, surveillance, epidemiology, and significant events.
Aspects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD is the main nursing diagnosis. It is a chronic ailment that needs to be treated. Long-acting bronchodilators and steroid inhalation can be used to treat it.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease poses a serious threat to public well-being. The population must be informed about the early symptoms of the disease.
Drug Addiction: The Brain Disease Drug addiction acts similarly to neurological diseases. Substances directly affected the brain, with addiction being the most acute phase of substance use disorder.
Graves’ Disease Symptoms and Treatment The purpose of this paper is to explore the symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment, and possible prognosis of Graves’ disease.
Genetics in Diagnosis of Diseases Medical genetics aims to study the role of genetic factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of various human diseases.
Cancer: Disease Specifics and RNA-Based Detection The paper presents the analysis of cancer as one of the most common causes of death. It shows that there are many types of this disease.
The Syphilis Bacterial Infection and Disease By engaging in sexual activity with an infected person, an individual can contract the bacterial infection syphilis. This paper aims to analyze syphilis infectious disease.
The E-Cigarettes Impact on Respiratory Diseases Scientific studies prove that e-cigarettes impede the smoker’s immune system leading to increased levels of pneumonia and respiratory disease.
Heart Disease and Its Causes: Stroke Statistics According to a study published in the American Journal of Nursing, the leading cause of heart disease is lifestyle choices.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes and Symptoms Alzheimer’s disease is considered to be one of the most common causes of the development of dementia. Currently, there is no treatment that can cure the disorder.
Heart Diseases in the United States Cardiovascular diseases lead as causes of death worldwide, and they are credited with 10% of overall deaths, with 85% of these occurring in low-income countries.
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Disease This paper discusses the most common type of lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which affects the lymphatic system and can cause tumors in various parts of the body.
The Causes of the Spread of Disease in Hinckley Water contamination with hexavalent chlorine spread in local reservoirs due to unwise PG&E activities to protect gas pipes from corrosion.
Sex Chromosomes’ Impact on Metabolic Diseases Sex chromosomes should not only be associated with genetic illnesses because their impact is more profound, and metabolic diseases are responsible for a high percentage of deaths.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Transmission Involving Drug Use Preventive techniques need to target drug addicts and sex workers to combat the STD epidemic and offer interventions to reduce risky sexual behaviors and drug use.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Osteopathic interventions appear to be beneficial in decreasing GERD symptoms in the long term. OMT may be an additional or alternative treatment.
Care Services for Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease The growing number of Alzheimer’s cases requires the addition of new updated requirements to nursing care centers.
Epidemiology of Deadliest Diseases in History Deadly diseases continue to affect whole communities to this day. Such diseases as AIDS still do not have an effective cure, and some countries have many cases.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Mitochondrial Dysfunction Alzheimer’s is a mitochondrial dysfunction that affects the nervous system and the rest of the body. The disorder slowly and steadily destroys thinking and memory skills.
Guillain-Barré Disease and Therapy Options Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an uncommon condition in which the immune system targets the nerves in the body leading to muscle weakness, tingling in the extremities, etc.
The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Relationships “Understanding how your relationship may change” provides a clear picture of the potential impact of Alzheimer’s disease on family and personal relationships.
Alzheimer’s Disease: The Challenges Imposed on Family Members Specific strategies can be implemented to reduce the negative impact of Alzheimer’s dementia on families and relatives.
Patient Navigation Initiative in Care Coordination for Chronic Diseases The Patient Navigator Outreach and Chronic Disease Prevention Act of 2005 is legislation that curbs variability in the quality of healthcare delivery affecting vulnerable groups.
Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis as Treatment for End Stage Renal Diseases Recent studies in the field of the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure show that there is a wide multitude of factors influencing the outcomes of the treatment.
Parkinson’s Disease: Description, Causes, and Symptoms Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prominent neurodegenerative complications, primarily affecting the individual’s motor system.
Lewy Body Disease in Aging Patients With Dementia By using extensive professional support, as well as active education of family members, one can improve the quality of Lewi Body Disease patients’ lives significantly.
Heart Failure as Dangerous Heart Disease Heart failure is a syndrome arising from the deterioration of the heart’s pumping function, resulting in its inability to provide a regular blood supply to the entire body.
Tuberculosis as an Infectious Disease The paper discusses tuberculosis. It is an infectious disease because it spreads through tiny droplets when released through coughs and sneezes.
Drugs for Neglected Disease Initiative
Vitamin 12 and Its Deficiency and Excess Diseases
Chronic Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Rural America
Acromegaly: Disease Prognosis and Treatment
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Tasks and Aims
Sickle Cell Disease: Background, Issues & Effects
Aspects of Glycogen Storage Diseases
Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Small Vessel Disease
Obesity and How It Can Cause Chronic Diseases
Physical Wellness to Prevent Obesity Heart Diseases
Sickle Cell Anemia as a Gene Mutation Disease
Literature Review: COVID-19 and Eye Diseases
Ethical Dilemma of Patient’s Disease Awareness
Lymphedema as a Lymphatic System Disease
Mobile Health Technologies for Diagnosing Diseases and Their Treatment
Career Burnout in Nurses Serving Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Effect of Weight on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Each BMI Range
Organelles Disease and Its Consequences on Human Health
Infectious Disease Prevention in the Orlando, FL
Cardiovascular Disease: Study Analysis
Improving Performance in Disease-Specific Indicators
Osteoporosis: The Metabolic Bone Disease
Thyroid Disease as Chronic Complex Endocrine Condition
Strategies to Control Disease Incidence
Screening Tools for Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia
Marketing to Promote Parkinson’s Disease Studies
Traveling With Congestive Heart Failure Disease
Disease in Vaccinated Populations
Nutritional Therapy and the Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Measures of Disease Frequency: Zika Virus
The Treatment of the Patient with Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Epidemiologic Methods in Infectious Diseases Study
Multiple Myeloma. Disease Analysis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Recovery Plan
Overview of African Americans’ Genetic Diseases
Child Health and Communicable Disease
Genes and Epigenetic Regulation of Learning and Memory, Addiction, and Parkinson’s Disease
Diseases and Their Risk Factors
Women and Heart Disease: Knowledge, Worry, and Motivation
Schizophrenia as Dangerous Mental Disease
Tuberculosis: Control of Non-Endemic Communicable Diseases
HIV Disease’s and Kaposi Sarcoma’s Relationship
Communication Between Sadness and Disease in the Elderly
Public Health Nursing: Alzheimer’s Disease
Epidemiologic Methods in the Study of Infectious Diseases
Disease Outbreaks: Toxicity of Fatty Acid Profiles
An Analysis of the Health Conditions of the Patient with Alzheimer’s Disease
Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Self-Management Behaviors
Disease Emergence in Multi-Patch Stochastic Epidemic Models
Evaluating Electronic Disease Surveillance Systems
Epistemology of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
Cardiovascular Disease Etiology and Prevention
Cocaine Addiction and Parkinson Disease
Disease and Circulatory System Correlation Analysis
Epidemiology and Prevention Policy for Non-Communicable Diseases
Covid-19 as an Emerging Infectious Disease
Heart Disease Is a Silent Killer
Role of Nurses in Preventing the Spread of Diseases and COVID-19
Analyzing Disease Frequency What Impact on Mortality
Hispanic or Latino Populations of the USA: Health Status and Promotion and Disease Prevention
Sexually Transmitted Disease: Chlamydia Trachomatis
Lysosomes and Krabbe Disease: Overview
Effects of Parkinson’s Disease on Victims and Family
Sickle Cell Disease: Symptoms
Cardiac Disease During Pregnancy
Management and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Change of Lifestyle
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Review
Autoimmune Disease: Sarcoidosis
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Seasonal Influenza Program
Heart Disease: An Epidemiological Problem in the U.S.
Peritonitis: Description of the Disease and Treatment
Analysis of a Preventing Chronic Disease
Addison’s Disease: Symptoms and Effects
The Spectrum of Infectious Diseases
A Preliminary Care Coordination Plan: Alzheimer’s Disease
Preventing Iodine Deficiency Disease in China
Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overview: Diagnosis, Treatment, Care, and Condition
Life Stories of Older Adults With Sickle Cell Disease
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Strategies for Access to Care
Lyme Disease in Children. The Lyme Disease Bacterium
Managing Communicable Disease in the Complexities of a Humanitarian Emergency
Mental Health Diseases: Diagnostic Assessment
Disease Management and Its Relevance to the Managed Care System
Parkinson’s Disease and Toxoplasma Gondii Correlation
Sexually Transmitted Disease: Public Health Campaign
Alzheimer’s Disease as a Neurological Disease
Genetics and Public Health: Disease Control and Prevention
Leprosy (Hansen’s) Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
Identification, Control and Prevention of Mesothelioma Disease in the UK
The Prevalence and Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases Among Hispanics
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Key Points
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism in Terms of Disease Prevention
Infectious Disease: The CDC’s Malaria Program
Disease Processes. Traumatic Brain Injury
Effectiveness of Pharmacotherapeutics for Patients With Psychosocial Diseases
Heart Disease Risk Factors and Assessment Approach
Specific Disease Condition of Women Life Span
Brain Disease: Bipolar Disorder
Predicting Disease Occurrence With Statistical Model
Improving Disease Surveillance in Developing Countries
Integrated Concepts of Disease Management
Child’s Auto Immunological Diseases
Degenerative Diseases: Alzheimer’s Disease – Causes and Treatment
Crohn’s Disease Pathophysiology and Treatment
Alzheimer’s Disease: Overview and Analysis
Sexually Transmitted Disease Overview
The Importance of Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease
Mental Diseases and Violent Offenders
Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Correlation
Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence in South Florida
Researching the Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes and Symptoms
Gene Modification: Means of Disease Prevention
Chronic Kidney Disease: Medical Analysis
Quality Metrics for Chronic Disease Management
Alzheimer Disease: Causes and Treatment
Health Promotion Project for Chronic Diabetic Kidney Disease
The Link Between Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease
Public Health Campaign on Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Teenagers
The Cardiovascular Disease: Crucial Issues
Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluating Intervention Plan
Alzheimer’s Disease: Study Instruments
Universal Healthcare for Chronic Respiratory Diseases from Economic Perspective
Heart Disease: Types, Risk Factors, Symptoms and Treatment
Fever, Cold, or Pfeiffer’s Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: Conditions
Heart Disease’s Fundamental Pathophysiologic Mechanism
Chronic Kidney Disease: Epidemiology Principals
Economics of End-Stage Renal Disease
Effects of Nutrition on Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Control
Chronic Kidney Disease: Causes and Treatment
Defining The Harm of Alcoholism Disease
Universal Healthcare for Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Barriers and Supports
Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Blood Sickle Cell Disease: Etiology and Treatment
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Symptoms, Treatment
Cesarean Section and Immune Function Disease
Chronic Disease Prevention: Program’s Effectiveness
Crohn’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatment
Coronary Artery Disease: Prevalence of Risk Factors in African American Society
Alzheimer’s Disease – Diagnostic Picture and Treatment
Arteriosclerosis in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases
The Herniated Disk Disease: Causes and Treatment
The Prevalence of Fiber-Implicated Diseases
Lupus Disease: The Causes, Symptoms, and Types
Cholera: Overview of the Affected Population and Description of the Disease
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatment
Radiation Effect and Human Disease Correlation
Huntington’s Chorea Disease: Genetics, Symptoms, and Treatment
A List of Blood Diseases and Their Overview
Chronic Kidney Disease: Program Planning Project
Epidemiology. Tuberculosis as Communicable Disease
Registries as the Tools in Improving Disease Treatment: An Overview
A Connection Between Chronic Degenerative Diseases
Alzheimer’s Disease and Recent Study Findings
Transcranial Doppler in Sickle Cell Disease
Genetics: Gaucher Disease Type 1
Chronic Disease: Occupational Health Promotion Interventions for Individuals at Risk
New Technology in Diagnosing Respiratory Diseases
Measles Disease Among Children Comprehensive Study
Analysis of Disease and Caring for the Nguyens
Methamphetamine, the Root Cause of Trauma Disease
Medical History Patient With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Healthcare IT in Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Chronic Kidney Disease: the Evaluation Plan
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Symptoms and Causes
About International Classification of Diseases
Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnostics: Mr. M.’s Case Evaluation
The Alzheimer’s Disease: Key Issues
The Use of Medical Marijuana in the Fight Against Various Diseases
The Alzheimer’s Disease: Basic Facts
Aspects of Sickle Cell Disease
The Disease of Breast Cancer: Definition and Treatment
Risk of Heart Disease in Obese Individuals
Health Promotion: Disease Control and Prevention
Binge Drinking May Cause Alzheimer’s Disease
The Disease of Seborrheic Dermatitis
Overview of Alzheimer’s Disease Patient Education
Epidemiology. Disease Burden in Miami-Dade County
Chronic Renal Disease: Treatment and Management
Crohn’s Disease: A Patient Education Plan
Health Promotion: Coronary Heart Disease Prevention
The Parkinson’s Disease Process of Diagnosis
Survey on Non-Infectious and Blood-Borne Diseases
Stigma Associated With Disease
Universal Healthcare: Chronic Respiratory Diseases Management
Researching the Issue of Tuberculosis Disease in the World
Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Heart Disease
Multifactorial Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
Disease Management: Therapeutic Education Research
Chronic Kidney Disease: Preventive Measures
Encouraging Alternative Medicinal Solutions to Diseases Before Attempting Conventional Treatments
On the Influence of the Disease on the Personality
Alzheimer’s Disease: Symptoms, Prevalence, Treatment
Myasthenia Gravis: An Autoimmune Disease
Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Discussion Board Post on the Huntington’s Disease
Assignment on Cardiovascular Disease
Mental Disorders in the US: Alzheimer’s Disease
Cardiovascular Disease and Framingham Global Risk Model
Disease Pathology, Management, and Pharmacological Impact for Tularemia and Hantavirus
Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Global Prevalence
Anemia of Chronic Diseases, The Review of Literature
Donepezil for Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease by Govind
Manifestations of Lyme Disease
Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Case of Mrs. J
Management of Kawasaki Disease
Vaccination Challenges and New Disease Outbreaks
Dupuytren’s Disease: A Unified Treatment Protocol
Obesity Disease: Symptoms and Causes
Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Concussion Initiative Evaluation
The Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its Burden on Society
Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the US Society
Skin Diseases: Pseudomonas Dermatitis, Propionibacterium Acnes
Women’s Disease: Breast Cancer and Its Consequence
Tar Sands Pipelines: Source of Dutch Disease in Canada?
Delirium Disease and Older Adult Patients
The Dissemination of Infectious Diseases
Alzheimer’s Disease: Diagnosis and Evaluation
Obesity: Is It a Disease?
Truths and Myths About Alzheimer’s Disease
Lou Gehrig’s Disease, Symptoms and Treatment
Polycystic Kidney Diseases: Types, Symptoms, and Complications
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment Protocols
Antigens, Cure, and Disease in Immunology
Parkinson’s Disease: Evaluation of Nursing Care
Pulmonary Diseases’ Diagnostic and Assessment
Diseases Prevention and Management. Nursing Research
Drug Addiction Is a Chronic Disease
Gangs, a Social Causation, Societies Disease
STD: Proportion of Females Aged 15-44 Years Who Required Treatment for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Reducing Readmission in Patients with Lung Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy People 2020
Identifying Alzheimer’s Disease in Elderly Patients
Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Miami Community
Contagious Diseases in the United States in 21st Century
Communicable Diseases: The Epidemiological Potential of HIV
Communicable Diseases: Influenza Analysis Through the Lenses of Determinants of Health and the Epidemiological Triangle
An Elderly Patient’s Diseases and Interventions
Alzheimer’s Disease Effects: Public Policy Meeting
Incurable Disease in Christianity and Buddhism
Health Statistics and Populations With Coronary Heart Disease
Preventing Occupational Respiratory Disease
Public Health Policies for Disease Prevention
Communicable Disease Health Education in Uganda
Respiratory Diseases Caused by Climate Change
Hospital-Acquired Diseases & Hand Hygiene Studies
Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Diseases
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Symptoms
Readmissions in Patients With Lung or Heart Diseases: Methodology
Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Diseases
Personal Genetics and Risks of Diseases
Genetic Predisposition to Alcohol Dependence and Alcohol-Related Diseases
Anthropology: Infectious Disease Education for Indian People
Effectiveness of Acupuncture on the Treatment of Nervous System Diseases
Psychology: Prejudice as Disease Protection
Patient Medication Education for Chronic Diseases
Health Informatics: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Evidence-Based Practice
Sickle Cell Disease Concept
Alzheimer’s Disease and Family Counseling Services
Communicable Diseases: Empowerment and Management
The Advocacy Model in the Diseases Problem Addressing
Heart Disease Prevention and Patient Teaching Plan
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Readmission
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Public Health Programs and Their Role in Disease Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control: Regulatory Agency
Alzheimer’s Disease Care: Project Implementation
Transition in Terms of Chronic Diseases
Diseases and Health Promotion in African Americans
Prostatitis Disease Treatment: Principles and Practice
Communicable Diseases in Miami
Patient History with Respiratory Disease
Disease Control and Prevention Centers
The Physiology of Parkinson’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease in Pinecrest Community
Communicable Disease Reporting Systems in the World
Miami Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Action Plan
Heart Disease Patients’ Education
School-Based Interventions for Preventing Diseases
Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Analysis and Symptoms of the Disease
Parkinson’s Disease and Primary Headache Disorder
Abortion in Case of Down Disease in Fetus
Dialysis Patient Population: Chronic Kidney Disease
Clinical Question: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Fight Against Infectious Diseases in Humans
Smoking and Heart Disease Rates in African-Americans
Chronic Kidney Disease: Locating Resources
Human Immunodeficiency Virus as Infectious Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease Identifying
Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Affecting Factors
“Zika Virus Disease: A Public Health Emergency of International Concern”: Article Summary and Significance
Research Utilization: Chronic Kidney Disease
Heart Disease and Stroke in Miami-Dade County
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Therapy
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Programs in the US
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Description
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment
US Geriatric Population and Its Chronic Diseases
Alzheimer’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatment
Chronic Kidney Disease: Progress Decreasing
Chronic Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
Diseases in the Elderly Population
Heart Disease in American Women: Raising Awareness
Lupus, Lyme Disease, Mononucleosis Diagnostics
Climate Change: Changing Patterns of Malaria Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease as One of the Mortality Causes
Residence and Genetic Predisposition to Diseases
Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Dysfunction
Patients With Diabetes and Concomitant Diseases’ Risk
Elderly With Alzheimer’s Disease: Functions and Falls
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Treatment and Care
Sickle Cell Disease and Family Involvement
Strategies for Empowerment and Communicable Diseases
Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Pain Management
Venereal Diseases and Sex Education in Adolescents
Healthy People 2020 Program and Infectious Diseases
Chronic Kidney Disease: Prediction and Recognition
Cardiovascular Disease: Issues and Research
Sexually Transmitted Diseases’ Prevention and Management
Sickle Cell Disease Gene Mutation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Behavioral Risk
Miami Infectious Diseases and Healthy People 2020
Descriptive Epidemiology: Alzheimer’s Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease: Identification and Control
The Patients Suffering from Chronic Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Patient Education
Ebola Virus Disease and Global Health Risk
Child Disease in “First Look: U.S. Youth and Seizures”
Miami Communicable Diseases and Action Plan
Tay-Sachs Disease, Its Signs and Symptoms
Education for Patients with Heart Disease
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Impact and Prevention
Alzheimer’s Disease, Statistics and Disparities
Parkinson’s Disease Case: Patient’s History, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Chronic Diseases in Elderly People and Education
Communicable Diseases in Miami-Dade County
Cardiovascular Diseases in African Americans
Brucellosis, Gonorrhea, Lyme Disease in Miami
Type 2 Diabetes: Disease Process and Screening
Breast Cancer: Disease Screening and Diagnosis
Chronic Kidney Disease: Dimension and Perspectives
Infectious Diseases Caused by Infectious Agents
Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Supporting Resources
Chronic Kidney Disease Patient’s Support Needs
Herpes Zoster: Disease Features and Prevention Strategies
Air Ventilation Effectiveness for Advanced Disease Patients
Cardiovascular Disease in African American Population
“Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease”: Article Critique
Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease: The Most Frequent Illness in the Elderly
Seven Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease Stages and Risk Factors
Physical Activity Role in Cardiovascular Diseases
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease
Psychology: Amyloid Deposition and Alzheimer’s Disease
How Does Healthy Eating Prevent Disease?
Can Neurostimulation Prevent the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Elderly Individuals With Schizophrenia?
Does Better Disease Management in Primary Care Reduce Hospital Costs?
Can Embryonic Stem Cells Be Used in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease?
Are Quality-Adjusted Medical Prices Declining for Chronic Disease?
Does Chronic Kidney Disease Result in High Risk of Atrial Fibrillation?
Can Flaxseed Prevent Heart Disease?
How Does Alzheimer’s Disease Affect the Brain?
Does Cognitive Impairment Affect Rehabilitation Outcome in Parkinson’s Disease?
Can Disease-Specific Funding Harm Health?
How Does Anxiety Affect the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
Does Forest Loss Increase Human Disease?
Can Non-human Primates Serve as Models for Investigating Dengue Disease Pathogenesis?
How Does Bioarchaeology Reveal the Evolution of Disease?
Does Global Drug Innovation Correspond to Burden of Disease?
Can Stress Cause Coronary Heart Disease?
How Can Lifestyle Changes Affect Chronic Disease Management?
Does Lifestyle Affect the Development of Coronary Heart Disease?
How Did Disease Shape the History of London Between 1500 and 1900?
Can the Mediterranean Diet Reduce Heart Disease?
What Are Pathogenic, Deficiency, Hereditary, and Physiological Diseases?
How Does Chronic Kidney Disease Affect the Level of Organization?
What Causes Acid Reflux Disease?
How Has Human Disease Impacted Our Evolution?
Why Is Alcohol and Drug Addiction Considered a Disease?
How Are Stem Cells Changing the Way We Think About Disease?
Will Long-Term Periodontal Disease Causes Alzheimer’s Disease?
How Can Technology Cure Disease?
Why Has the Disease Been an Enemy of a Human Ever Since It Appeared?
How Will Climate Change Affect the Rates of Disease?

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StudyCorgi. (2021, September 9). 555 Disease Research Topics & Disease Project Ideas. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/disease-essay-topics/

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StudyCorgi . "555 Disease Research Topics & Disease Project Ideas." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/disease-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "555 Disease Research Topics & Disease Project Ideas." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/disease-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Disease were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 8, 2024 .

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2021 Research Highlights — Promising Medical Findings

Results with potential for enhancing human health.

With NIH support, scientists across the United States and around the world conduct wide-ranging research to discover ways to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. Groundbreaking NIH-funded research often receives top scientific honors. In 2021, these honors included Nobel Prizes to five NIH-supported scientists . Here’s just a small sample of the NIH-supported research accomplishments in 2021.

Printer-friendly version of full 2021 NIH Research Highlights

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Advancing COVID-19 treatment and prevention

Amid the sustained pandemic, researchers continued to develop new drugs and vaccines for COVID-19. They found oral drugs that could inhibit virus replication in hamsters and shut down a key enzyme that the virus needs to replicate. Both drugs are currently in clinical trials. Another drug effectively treated both SARS-CoV-2 and RSV, another serious respiratory virus, in animals. Other researchers used an airway-on-a-chip to screen approved drugs for use against COVID-19. These studies identified oral drugs that could be administered outside of clinical settings. Such drugs could become powerful tools for fighting the ongoing pandemic. Also in development are an intranasal vaccine , which could help prevent virus transmission, and vaccines that can protect against a range of coronaviruses .

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Portrait of an older man deep in thought

Developments in Alzheimer’s disease research

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s is an abnormal buildup of amyloid-beta protein. A study in mice suggests that antibody therapies targeting amyloid-beta protein could be more effective after enhancing the brain’s waste drainage system . In another study, irisin, an exercise-induced hormone, was found to improve cognitive performance in mice . New approaches also found two approved drugs (described below) with promise for treating AD. These findings point to potential strategies for treating Alzheimer’s. Meanwhile, researchers found that people who slept six hours or less per night in their 50s and 60s were more likely to develop dementia later in life, suggesting that inadequate sleep duration could increase dementia risk.

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New uses for old drugs

Developing new drugs can be costly, and the odds of success can be slim. So, some researchers have turned to repurposing drugs that are already approved for other conditions. Scientists found that two FDA-approved drugs were associated with lower rates of Alzheimer’s disease. One is used for high blood pressure and swelling. The other is FDA-approved to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Meanwhile, the antidepressant fluoxetine was associated with reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration. Clinical trials will be needed to confirm these drugs’ effects.

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Temporary pacemaker mounted on the heart.

Making a wireless, biodegradable pacemaker

Pacemakers are a vital part of medical care for many people with heart rhythm disorders. Temporary pacemakers currently use wires connected to a power source outside the body. Researchers developed a temporary pacemaker that is powered wirelessly. It also breaks down harmlessly in the body after use. Studies showed that the device can generate enough power to pace a human heart without causing damage or inflammation.

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Fungi may impair wound healing in Crohn’s disease

Inflammatory bowel disease develops when immune cells in the gut overreact to a perceived threat to the body. It’s thought that the microbiome plays a role in this process. Researchers found that a fungus called Debaryomyces hansenii impaired gut wound healing in mice and was also found in damaged gut tissue in people with Crohn’s disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease. Blocking this microbe might encourage tissue repair in Crohn’s disease.

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Nanoparticle with different colored proteins on surface

Nanoparticle-based flu vaccine

Influenza, or flu, kills an estimated 290,000-650,000 people each year worldwide. The flu virus changes, or mutates, quickly. A single vaccine that conferred protection against a wide variety of strains would provide a major boost to global health. Researchers developed a nanoparticle-based vaccine that protected against a broad range of flu virus strains in animals. The vaccine may prevent flu more effectively than current seasonal vaccines. Researchers are planning a Phase 1 clinical trial to test the vaccine in people.

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Photograph of a mouse eating a piece of bait

A targeted antibiotic for treating Lyme disease

Lyme disease cases are becoming more frequent and widespread. Current treatment entails the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. But these drugs can damage the patient’s gut microbiome and select for resistance in non-target bacteria. Researchers found that a neglected antibiotic called hygromycin A selectively kills the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. The antibiotic was able to treat Lyme disease in mice without disrupting the microbiome and could make an attractive therapeutic candidate.

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Young woman standing and holding back while working on laptop at home

Retraining the brain to treat chronic pain

More than 25 million people in the U.S. live with chronic pain. After a treatment called pain reprocessing therapy, two-thirds of people with mild or moderate chronic back pain for which no physical cause could be found were mostly or completely pain-free. The findings suggest that people can learn to reduce the brain activity causing some types of chronic pain that occur in the absence of injury or persist after healing.

2021 Research Highlights — Basic Research Insights >>

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618 Disease Essay Topics & Examples

Need some disease essay examples to check out or ideas to look through? Good thing that our experts have prepared this list for you!

🏆 Best Disease Essay Topics & Examples

👍 good disease topics to write about, ✅ easy diseases to write about, 💡 most interesting disease topics to write about, 📌 writing prompts about disease, 🔍 good research topics about disease, ❓ research questions about diseases.

After the Covid-19 pandemic, students are regularly assigned to explore health issues and precautions. Whether you’re interested in writing about risk factors, chronic illnesses, or lifestyles, we can help! Check our disease essay topics and get a perfect title for your paper.

Control of Communicable Diseases Hence, there is a need to prioritize the control and prevention levels for these diseases upon the occurrence of the calamities.
Health, Disease and Social Problems As AIDS is relevant to the end of the last century, and the beginning of the millennium, there were questions, on whether the new disease is connected to the cultural changes that occurred in the […]
Living With a Chronic Disease: Diabetes and Asthma This paper will look at the main effects of chronic diseases in the lifestyle of the individuals and analyze the causes and the preventive measures of diabetes as a chronic disease.
The Role of Man in Environment Degradation and Diseases The link between environmental degradation and human beings explains the consequences of the same in relation to the emergence of modern-age diseases.
Aspects of Childhood Diseases In my opinion, to some factors that may be contributing to an increased incidence of childhood allergies and asthma belong the state of the environment and people’s lack of responsibility for the health of others.
Hypertension. Disease Analysis The successful detection of genes that leads to the development of hypertension enables health experts to develop the appropriate strategies to mitigate the impact of the said disease.
Managing Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease The PICOT question is “In the care of Alzheimer’s and dementia patients, does integrated community-based care as compared to being in a long-term care facility improve outcome throughout the remainder of their lives”.
Cell Organelles, Their Functions, and Disease Mitochondria-associated membrane, a specialized sub-group of the ER has specific lipid and protein composition and is involved in cross-communication with mitochondria.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Community Teaching Plan Based on the study by Hailu, Mergal, Nishimwe, Samson, and Santos, the majority of adolescents receive no advice from parents concerning the unwanted consequences of sexual relationships, including STDs. Since 2013, in people aged 15-24, […]
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention and Management Strategies Since its founding in 1884, Montefiore Medical Center has worked tirelessly to improve the health and well-being of the people of New York City.
Meningitis Disease: Symptoms and Treatment The various transmission paths are detailed below: Mother to child-During delivery, some of the bacteria and viruses that cause meningitis can be transmitted from the mother to the baby.
Poverty and Diseases A usual line of reasoning would be that low income is the main cause of health-related problems among vulnerable individuals. Such results that the relationship between mental health and poverty is, in fact, straightforward.
AIDS/HIV: Description of the Disease This is the very reason why many who have acquired HIV or AIDS result to an eventual death because of the lack of immune system that protects them from acquiring other forms of illnesses.
Genitourinary System Diseases Diagnostics Current medical problem: 28-year-old female presents to the clinic with a 2-day history of frequency, burning, and pain upon urination; increased lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge over the past week.
Autoimmune Diseases: Types, Epidemiology, Symptoms & More The other type is a grave disease that alters the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, causing one to have weight loss. The existence of autoimmune diseases means a balance discrepancy between the regulator of […]
Viral Skin Diseases: Plantar Warts and Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease The purpose of this paper is to examine each of the infections, the nature of the viruses involved and make a comparison based on these areas.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Infections Education Before discussing the benefits of normalizing the dialogue about STDs and STIs, it is crucial to examine their impact on the health of the infected persons and current incidence and distribution in the United States.
Family Nursing Care Plan – Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Therefore, it is critical to consider a holistic approach to take care of the family and improve the quality of their lifestyle.
Family Trend Change and Disease Factor The hastening of our customs and the organization of the family as the leading structure has led to a new family trend.
The Case Study of Patient With Late-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease In the majority of cases of Alzheimer’s, it has been shown that patients are unable to make decisions on their own and are also unable to communicate their assent verbally.
Infectious and Lifestyle Diseases Negative impacts include a plethora of serious diseases, and not the least dangerous of them are infectious. In conclusion, a person’s body can be affected by a plethora of conditions that stem from outside intrusions […]
Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease The study will discuss the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, such as risk factors, cellular involvement, genetic influences, and the interventions of the available therapy’s pharmacological Interventions.
Pediatrics: Kawasaki Disease According to Stone, there are severe complications that may be posed by the disease in the body of a victim, and therefore, early diagnosis is vital for early and appropriate treatment plans to be undertaken.
Health Behaviors That Impact Risk Factors for Diseases High BMI characterizing overweight and obesity is a risk factor for According to Key et al, healthy eating is second to lack of smoking in the prevention of cancers.
Ebola Virus Disease Analysis The Ebola virus disease outbreak emerged as a significant threat to the lives and safety of both the countries of West Africa and the overall global community.
Gout Disease: Prevention and Treatment The reason for the growth of uric level may be a decrease in renal secretion, excessive consumption of purine food, as well as a high speed of the production of uric acid because of cell […]
Noncommunicable Diseases, Risk Factors and Prevention Alcohol use is a significant preventable risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver, certain types of cancer and cardiovascular disease, and injury from violence and road clashes and collisions.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lifestyle Secondary inhalation increases the total burden of the gases taken into the lungs leading to COPD and respiratory symptoms. In summary, COPD obstructs the flow of air from an individual’s lungs.
Vesicoureteral Reflux Disease and Nursing Intervention The main cause of the disease is the dysfunction of the bladder as a result of nerve or muscle failure and blockage of the processes that control bladder emptying nursing care plans, 2019).
Poliomyelitis: Disease Overview The international agencies in health courses will help in the comprehension of the various health agencies in the world. This will help me in choosing the correct agency to work for so that it will […]
Gallstone Disease Pathology and Treatment She further claims that the pain rotates around the chest and on the lower side of the inferior angle of the scapula.
Cardiovascular Disease and Caffeine Effects There have been conflicting ideas about the effects of caffeine on the body especially in relation to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is mainly due to the changes in […]
The Pathophysiology of Hashimoto’s Disease The antibodies that bind and block the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor are a potential cause of the impairment of the functionality of the thyroid gland.
Coronary Artery Disease The inner walls of the arteries contain a lot of plaques, which leads to the restriction of the blood flow to the heart since arteries have abnormal function and tone.
Addiction: Is It a Disease or Moral Failing? According to the journal article of clinical and research news, a disease can be defined as a complicated relationship existing between the environment of an individual and the general genetic makeup that combines together resulting […]
Typhoid Fever as a Global Infectious Disease A detailed description of a place where the disease is located allows one to understand its geography and focus on a particular area for the study to estimate the probability of contamination of different communities.
Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Timely intervention and the search for appropriate treatment can help to reduce the impact of the ailment on the human body, and the use of various methods to combat the disease can be effective in […]
Community Teaching Work Plan: Diseases Prevention Topic: The topic of the teaching work plan proposal hereof is Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Miami, Florida. Since the number of the affected is on the rise in Miami, preventive teaching is required.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Disease’ Biology Autoimmune diseases include a range of common conditions that affect the health of people in the United States, and according to the statistics, being a female is an important risk factor in the majority of […]
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Treatment The proton pump inhibitor is in the class of drugs that permanently block gastric proton pump which is essential for the secretion of the gastric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) For instance, cardiovascular problem such as chest pain or angina due to the lack of oxygen can cause a burning pain in the epigastric areas. The excessive consumption of alcohol can cause inflammation and bleeding […]
Microbes and Human Health: Benefits, Disease, and Policies Microbes are capable of causing diseases to enter the body through different channels, including the digestive and respiratory tracts and damaged skin. Various policies are in place at the local, state, and federal levels to […]
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Disease The primary measure in case of MRSA appearance is the activation of search-and-destroy protocols against its further dissemination, while settings that are affected by this pathogen are also prompted to utilize MRSA guidelines for personal […]
Parkinson’s Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Treatments The purpose of Parkinson’s disease research is to better understand the causes, mechanisms, and progression of the disease and to develop new treatments and management strategies to improve the lives of people living with Parkinson’s […]
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Concept Map The goal of the study is to examine the issue in light of the patient’s other illnesses. Overall, Beryl’s past medical history and current symptoms can be explained by the pathological processes that occur in […]
Parkinson’s Disease: Overall Information Various demographic and environmental factors may be involved in the genesis of Parkinson’s disease and influence the severity of the condition, which widens the perspective on the topic.
Aspects of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease This is an infection of the upper parts of the female genital organs, and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs usually occur in sexually active women.
Infectious Disease and Public Health A comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the disease, including its overall description, strategies to address it, and current research on the disease, allows the government to develop more practical and effective strategies to address the […]
Worst Infectious Disease Outbreaks in History: Plague The type of specimen to be studied may also include separable ulcers or punctate from the carbuncle in the cutaneous form of plague and material from the pharynx taken with a swab, and sputum in […]
Managing Crohn’s Disease: A Comprehensive Approach A diet low in fiber and residue is also recommended to minimize the likelihood of intestinal blockage brought on by a constricted stricture.
Chronic Diseases as a Public Health Issue A low level of education is related to the escalated risk of the chronic condition, and the illness poses a barrier to achieving higher educational levels.
Mitochondrial Diseases Treatment Through Genetic Engineering Any disorders and abnormalities in the development of mitochondrial genetic information can lead to the dysfunction of these organelles, which in turn affects the efficiency of intracellular ATP production during the process of cellular respiration.
The Gap in Quality Care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease While nowadays, numerous efforts are made to address the gap in the quality of treatment of patients with COPD, the problem of poor communication between diverse services is rooted in history.
Telemedicine for Chronic Diseases: PICOT (Research) Question Hypertension is a diagnosis related to diseases of the heart and blood vessels associated with high blood pressure for a long time. Doing this is virtually more convenient for both the doctor and the patient.
The Urinary Disease and the Use of Diuretics Moreover, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of how diuretics, which are prescribed for other diseases of the body, act on the functioning of the nephron.
The Use of Telemedicine in Chronic Diseases Effective management of chronic diseases is essential for improving patient outcomes, reducing healthcare costs, and decreasing the burden on healthcare systems. A specific opportunity in this area is the use of telemedicine for the management […]
How Spirituality Affects Disease Development The appearance of various diseases can be considered from the point of view of religion as a consequence of this fall and means the punishment of a person.
Mental Health Diseases in the Middle Ages and Today In the Middle Ages, the manner in which the conditions were addressed varied depending on the philosophical and religious beliefs of the patient as well as the caregiver.
Diseases of the Past and Their Modern Names Although studying the history of diseases and epidemics of the past is valuable for identification, one must be aware of the risks of arriving at speculative conclusions due to a limited understanding of the contextual […]
Heart Diseases in Florida: Cardiology The Centers for Disease Control in Florida encourages the management of heart ailments and dementia in all the regions and Districts of Florida.
Healthcare Cost Depending on Chronic Disease Management of Diabetes and Hypertension A sufficient level of process optimization and the presence of a professional treating staff in the necessary number will be able to help improve the indicators.
Cholera Disease: Diagnostics and Treatment Cholera may quickly become critical because in most serious cases, the swift loss of a large number of electrolytes and fluids in the body may contribute to death in a few hours.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Discussion Therefore, the reason why HIV is so hard to cure is that it resides in the nucleus, which is a stable reservoir where it goes undetected by the immune system and the medication administered. Chlamydia […]
Ebola Disease, Its Nature and Treatment The virus takes its name from the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it was first reported.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Curable and Incurable However, if an individual with the disease fails to get treatment and does not take care of themselves by not sharing needles or not wearing a condom, then they could spread the disease.
Coronary Heart Disease Caused by Stress It is essential to study the degree of influence of stress on the development of coronary heart disease since, in this way, it will be possible to prevent it more successfully.
Tests and Screenings: Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease The test is offered to patients regardless of gender, while the age category is usually above 45 years. CDC1 recommends doing the test regardless of gender and is conducted once or twice to check the […]
Social Determinants of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Inequalities in the UK Consequently, social determinants are one of the key factors determining people’s health in the UK. Social determinants significantly impact people’s health, particularly the emergence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK.
Neurobiology of Disease: Article Summary Additionally, the study has demonstrated that activation of Akt by Ca2+ signaling, which is mediated by the AMPA receptor, controls glioblastoma cell growth and motility.
Immunization: Vaccines for Infectious Diseases Vaccines induce active immune defense against a dangerous substance A vaccine is a portion of a microbial pathogen Vaccination evolved from homeopathic perspectives By the 11th century of the use of variola scabs in the […]
Chronic Kidney Disease and Phosphorus Management The expected outcome is improved staff knowledge that will lead to better patient education and may raise the bar in the care of patients with CKD.
Periodontal Disease: Patient-Focused Explanation Infections and inflammatory responses of the gums and jawbone that support the teeth are the primary causes of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is caused by inflammation around a tooth because bacteria in the mouth infect […]
Infectious Disease Assignment: Herpes Zoster Regarding agent factors, the presence of the varicella-zoster virus in the body after the recovery from chickenpox predisposes the host to develop HZ even if the virus remains dormant for years. HZ’s progression is linked […]
Neurological and Musculoskeletal Systems and Diseases The role of trigger phenomena in the musculoskeletal system, as well as the participation of the peripheral component in the occurrence of headaches, is considered indisputable.
Chronic Disease Cost Calculator (Diabetes) This paper aims at a thorough, detailed, and exhaustive explanation of such a chronic disease as diabetes in terms of the prevalence and cost of treatment in the United States and Maryland.
Cardiovascular Disease in Minorities The disease in question is left ventricular dysfunction, which is caused by social determinants of health, as she is a minority.
Lyme Disease and Its Clinical Spectrum However, the possibility of infection is not excluded by contact with the feces of the tick on the skin, with subsequent absorption by scratching. With effective therapy and recovery, the level of antibodies is normalized.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Vulnerable Settings In vulnerable settings, COPD becomes a challenge for healthcare facilities due to a combination of factors contributing to the prevalence of the condition, especially in rural areas.
Anorexia as Social and Psychological Disease Many who were used to his weight knew, though Bob is not the most handsome, but a charming person, kind and friendly.
Infectious and Chronic Diseases: Causes & Prevention These include poor nutrition, which leads to the emergence of vulnerabilities due to the failure to supply the necessary amount of nutrients and vitamins to the patient’s body, which leads to a drop in the […]
Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and Predictors The hypothesis was: “differences in the genotype and gender of rats affect the predicates of motor activity deficit as a symptom of Parkinson’s disease, namely anxiety and ultrasonic vocalization”.
Pollution and Respiratory Disease in Louisiana The United States of America is an industrial powerhouse, a powerful nation that devoted much of its time to the growth and development of the petrochemical industry.
Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Intervention The accumulation of plaques and tangles in the brain is a hallmark of the disease, resulting in the death of neurons and a decline in mental capacity.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Children There is an increase in the number of confirmed cases, and the curve has a steep slope. The incubation period is the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms.
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Symptoms, Treatment, and Complications Thus, the authors point to the need for a more thorough and thoughtful study of the disease and how it can affect the development of other abnormalities in the human body.
Antioxidants: The Role in Preventing Cancer and Heart Disease Some of antioxidants are more widely known as vitamins E, C, and carotenoids, and have a reputation of preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Assessment and Intervention The caregiver is recommended to install safety locks and alarms on all doors and windows to prevent the patient from leaving the apartment without supervision.
Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease As shown in Table 1, the researchers have collected data about the rate of obesity and CHD in the chosen group.
Colorectal Cancer Screening and Its Effect on Disease Incidence The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental quality improvement project was to determine if or to what degree the implementation of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s System Approach to Tracking and Increasing Screening for […]
The End-Stage Renal Disease Program According to Benjamin and Lappin, the condition directly adds to the global incidence of death and morbidity by raising cardiovascular risk globally.
Ascites as Gastrointestinal Disease Process Ascites is a condition characterized by the pathological accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. The condition worsens the quality of life and can lead to complications such as kidney failure, increased risk of infections, […]
Analysis of Communicable Disease: Influenza Droplets landing on the mouth or nose can promote transmission of the virus, which can also happen from touching infected surfaces and transferring into the mouth.
COPD, Valvular Disease, and CHF: Risk of Heart Disease Under these conditions, it is possible to analyze the case regarding the high risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, valvular disease, and congestive heart failure.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Emerging Diseases In the United States, the people affected by the disorder are children at the age of 13 or younger, gay and bisexual men. HIV can be discovered by assessing the number of CD4 and the […]
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Factors Thus, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is linked to the accumulation of fat in the liver and the subsequent development of insulin resistance.
Tetanus Infection, Disease and Treatment The disease interferes with breathing due to spasms in the ribs and the diaphragm muscles and rigidity in the abdominal and back muscles.
Measuring Motor Functions in Parkinson’s Disease The main idea of the Hoehn and Yahr scale is to measure the progress of symptoms and the level of disability in PD patients.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Choline Theory The purpose of the paper lies in showing how ineffective conventional techniques have been to the masses and how the idea of choline supplements might be the key to mitigating NAFLD.
Morbidity and Mortality Factors of Disease Management It is worth noting that it is necessary to take into account not only the number of deaths from a particular disease but also the total number, as well as the severity of tolerance.
Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Older Adults The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides a standard curriculum for adults that helps with understanding the types of STDs and how to avoid them.
Pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer It is also evident that the illness acts fast due to the continuous multiplication of the cancer cells leading to breathing disruptions and eventual death. This sustained weight loss is primarily essential to the advancement […]
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Analysis Since the topic is sensitive and it might even be uncomfortable for the audience, the teacher will have to set the tone of the lesson to be serious and devoid of humor.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Given the number and effect of barriers, CDC is committed to reducing their impact and helping the public to provide equal opportunities and improve the quality of life.
Disease Management for Diabetes Mellitus The selection of the appropriate philosophical and theoretical basis for the lesson is essential as it allows for the use of an evidence-based method for learning about a particular disease.
Infectious Diseases Affect the International Health Community Infectious diseases present a severe issue for the global health situation due to the transition ways and risk of a potential epidemic.
The Effect of Vitamin E on Cardiovascular Diseases In conclusion, the apparent difference is linked with the bias during the selection of participants for each study, as observational studies tend to be less objective.
Bilinguals’ Cognitive-Linguistic Abilities and Alzheimer’s Disease This irregularity is reflected in the preserved linguistic abilities, including code-switching and semantic fluency, and the declined functions in translation, picture naming, and phonemic fluency, calling for improved therapy and testing practices.
Epidemiology of Heart Disease Among Canadians At the end of the study, the connection between heart disease epidemiological evidence, community strategies, and internal and external impacts will be revealed to contribute to a better application of knowledge.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevalence The studies discussed to provide an in-depth analysis of the risk factors of COPD, the relation that the environment and other respiratory conditions have on the development of the condition, and the burden it has […]
Chronic and Communicable Diseases Prevention The weakness faced by each agency in relation to its mission may be the lack of research of the groups they work with.
Cushing Disease and Endocrine Control In turn, ACTH stimulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex in the adrenal glands. In general, it is possible to say that a 24-hour urine test may be regarded as a highly accessible […]
America’s Growing Clean Water Crisis and the Resulting Diseases The current water crisis in Flint, Michigan, has focused a lot of attention on the state of water infrastructure. Lastly, there will be a not adequate amount of water to help in dissolving the nutrients […]
An Overview of Ebola Virus Disease: Pathogen, Symptoms, and Treatment First recognized as an emerging disease in 1977, this pathogen belongs to the genus Ebolavirus and is characterized by virulence, with up to 80% mortality rate among the infected.
Air Pollution and Lung Disease To design a study in order to explore the link between lung disease and air pollution, it would be possible to follow a four-step process started by identifying the level or unit of analysis.
Occupational Skin Disease Development In order to control the risk of developing OSD, it is necessary to use various preventive measures and changes in the process of performing official duties at the enterprise.
Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis C The disease poses a threat to the public health of global populations and health security due to the increase in the number of international travel and the economic growth of countries.
Ebola Viral Disease Impact Analysis The Ebola Virus Disease can be caused by various viruses, including the Tai Forest virus, Bundibugyo virus, the Zaire Ebola virus, and the Sudan virus.
Vitamin E for Prevention of Heart Diseases As experiments on the benefits of vitamin E show, ‘swimming’ is not always the key to a completely healthy life, in which the risk of a heart attack is reduced to a minimum.
Emergency Preparedness: Disease Control and Prevention Prevention, vaccination, vital capacity, and others matter. Risk factors, prevention, and treatment are essential.
Obesity and Related Inflammatory Diseases in the Cardiovascular System The hypothesis is to prove the decrease of TNF- concentration after ghrelin implementation on adipose cells. The study is quantitative with the measurement of the concentration of the pro-inflammatory molecule before and after adding the […]
Types of Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are illnesses associated with the violation of the normal functioning of the human respiratory apparatus. The first health problem is characterized by the inflammation of the bronchi and is accompanied by […]
Obesity and Inflammatory Diseases in the Cardiovascular System One of the largest risks connected to obesity is the damage to the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system. However, when a part of this system is impaired due to obesity, the delivery process becomes […]
Center for Disease Control Wonder Database Telehealth clinical, or the administration, monitoring, and synchronization of nursing support, the Prevention Guidelines Database delivered using digital techniques to expand coverage to sufferers within the United States.
Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Respiratory: The patient is diagnosed with COPD and continues to smoke up to two packs a day. Psychosocial: The patient is conscious and able to communicate with the staff, informing them of his state of […]
Preventing Readmission: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease To reduce the possibility of Marcia’s readmission, authorities should provide her with social interaction and communities that would support her case and issue. In addition, Marcia should stop smoking and develop a healthy routine to […]
Plan for Management of Patient with Schizophrenia and Heart Disease About 1% of the world’s population suffers from schizophrenia About 0. 7% of the UK population suffers from schizophrenia Schizophrenia can manifest any time from early adulthood onwards, but rarely when a person is below […]
Family Nurse Practitioner Case Study: Infectious Diseases Second, the nurse practitioner should ask about any medications that the patient has used to treat the pain and the time when the cough is more pronounced.
Pfizer Vaccine: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The researcher adds that the MHRA claims that people with severe allergic reactions to the components of the vaccines should not receive the medicine.
Hospitalization Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevention Plan Since Albuterol Oral Inhalation did not work best for Marcia, her care providers had to alter the medications that she used in managing the COPD to acquire effectiveness and keep her away from the hospitals […]
Alzheimer’s Disease: Definition, Stages, Diagnosis Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, and it is a condition in which the brain stops appropriately performing its functions.
Acromegaly: Assessment and Disease Research Cushing’s disease is caused not by medications but by the presence of a benign tumor in the pituitary gland and adrenocorticotropic hormone production.
Health Maintenance Plan For Coronary Artery Disease In the initial stages of the atheroma, the transfer of SMCs from tunica-based media towards the intima seems to be a vital outcome of the ongoing inflammatory fermentation.
Climate Change and Disease-Carrying Insects In order to prevent the spreading of the viruses through insects, the governments should implement policies against the emissions which contribute to the growth of the insects’ populations.
The History of Human Disease: COVID-19 The symptoms, severity of the disease, and duration of the illness vary greatly based on numerous factors, such as the immunity of a person, strain of the virus, and others.
Nursing Care for End-Stage Renal Disease These issues are worsened by the fact that the patient has edema, the signs of which are swelling under the skin in the legs and arms produced by a buildup of fluid in one body’s […]
Avian Influenza as Viral Disease It is spread by influenza type A, and some of the strains can bypass the species barrier and cause infections to others, such as pigs and humans.
Minors Seeking Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Without Parental Consent Due to the severity of sexually transmitted diseases, it is very important for doctors to provide minors with the necessary care.
Parkinson’s Disease: Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes The condition results from the deficiency of dopamine in the brain that interferes with the functions of the motor movements like body movement.
Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease The effects of air pollution on human health are primarily dependent on the pollutants, their components, and the sources of the pollution.
Aspects of Chronic Disease and Obesity Obesity is a complex condition that enhances the risk of other diseases’ development and complications. Chronic inflammation in the body that obesity causes leads to pain, in particular the development of arthritis.
Nutrition in Relation to Heart Diseases in African Americans While the causes of such an occurrence are varied, dietary and nutrition-based difficulties are one of the factors that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases among African Americans.
Alzheimer’s Disease in an Iranian Patient The patient in the company of his son returns to the clinic after four weeks. Since the patient shows no side effects of the disease and an increase in Exelon to 6 mg orally BID […]
Growing Burden of Chronic Disease in Australia It an important intervention to reduce the burden of chronic diseases because individuals will not depend entirely on healthcare providers in the management of the conditions2.
Features of Treatment and Diagnosis of Severe Diseases The main topic of the previous module was pneumonia and the methods of its treatment. The amount and intensity of the drug should match the weight of the patient and the type of pathogen.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Bacterial Bronchitis In chronic bronchitis, bronchial inflammation causes bronchia edema and an increase in the number and size of the goblet cells and mucus glands in the epithelium. The incidence and prevalence of COPD in the US […]
Analysis of Coronary Heart Disease In such a manner, the delivery of blood with oxygen and nutrients to the whole body is timely and undisrupted, which guarantees the healthy functioning of the whole physiological system.
Diabetes Disease of the First and Second Types It is a decrease in the biological response of cells to one or more effects of insulin at its average concentration in the blood. During the first type of diabetes, insulin Degludec is required together […]
How the Eczema Disease Affects Epithelial Tissues Because of the wide coverage of epithelial tissues in the body, there are many types of diseases affecting the tissue, and it is essential to know them to understand how the disease affects epithelial tissues. […]
Benefits of Bicycling for Persons With Parkinson’s Disease: Analysis The key issue in this article’s introduction is the goal-directed physical exercise and general physical activities that are in practice to alleviate the challenges faced by PD patients.
Diets to Prevent Heart Disease, Cancer, and Diabetes In order to prevent heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, people are required to adhere to strict routines, including in terms of diet. Additionally, people wanting to prevent heart disease, cancer, and diabetes also need to […]
Disease Pandemics in the Situations of Typhoid Mary and Novak Djokovic In comparing and contrasting the two pandemic situations, Typhoid and COVID-19 virus, the two individuals, Typhoid Mary and Novak Djokovic, were both said to be exposed to the above illnesses.
The Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Improving the Patients’ Services One of the theories of care that have been developed to help direct nursing and improve the outcomes for the hospitalized patient is the ‘care-based on-oxygenation’ theory.
Chronic Renal Failure Disease: Causes, the Population Affected, and Prognosis In addition, the authors describe the impact of disease on clinical outcomes and the role of middle molecules as significant factors in the onset of pathology. The end stage of kidney damage is the stage […]
Genetic Disease in a Pregnant Woman and Fetus The patient should consider the relationship between oncogenesis and pregnancy and consider folic acid to maintain birth defects. Folic acid is a common supplement during pregnancy to make new cells and prevent the development of […]
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Bowel Resection By incorporating the elements of verbal and nonverbal communication strategies, a nurse will be able to introduce a patient to the key COPD-related management of bowel resection in a patient with COPD.
Aspects of Parkinson’s Disease Therefore, my topic of interest is the care and treatment of people suffering from PD and how their lives could be improved. This article’s main point is shifting care of the PD patients from hospitals […]
Diagnoses and Medication of Bowel Disease Bowel disease is a collection of disorders that includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which causes pain and swelling in the intestines, affecting the digestive system.
Treatment and Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory disturbance that can affect any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the rectum.
Reducing Risks of Heart Diseases In recent years, the health of US citizens has been especially alarming: obesity and heart disease top the list of the most common causes of death, and the situation needs to be changed radically.
Critiquing Research: Fatigue in the Presence of Coronary Heart Disease Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom linked to a number of acute and chronic conditions such as chronic heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. Fatigue has not been analyzed in regards to patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD), despite the fact that it might factor into new onsets or progression of CHD. Therefore, […]
Malaria Disease Control and Prevention
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Female Patient
The Infectious Diseases Policy Process
Examination of Albinism Genetic Disease
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Naegleria Fowleri Disease
Gout Disease: Variations and Treatments
Parkinson’s Disease: The Main Aspects
Epidemiology: Eye Diseases and COVID-19
Mr. Akkad and Alzheimer’s Disease: Case Study
Social Marketing in Reducing Cardiovascular Disease
Discussion of Neurofibromatosis Disease
Analysis of Sources for COVID-19 and Eye Diseases
Ethical Challenges in Healthcare and Nursing Practice: Obesity-Related Diseases
Hyperphosphatemia and Chronic Kidney Disease Link
Gonorrhea Disease Transmission and Treatment
Threat Factors of Coronary Artery Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease: History, Mechanisms and Treatment
American Heart Association on Coronary Artery Disease
Obesity and Kidney Disease Treatment and Rehabilitation
Stroke: The Human Disease Project
Helicase and Deficiencies-Related Diseases
Disease Surveillance Program: Hepatitis A Awareness
Cardiovascular Disease Drugs: Amiodarone, Flecainide, Hydrochlorothiazide
Epidemics and Diseases of the Past and Microbiomes
Quality of Life and Chronic Pain: Musculoskeletal Diseases
The Coronavirus Disease 2019: Health Services for Non-Communicable Diseases
Strategies to Control the Incidence of Diseases
Do Mental Diseases Cause Obesity?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Role in Influenza Preparedness
How Is Globalization Affecting Rates of Disease
Coronavirus Disease 2019: Statistical Analysis
Nutrients: Food and Nutrients in Disease Management
Medicare in Case of End-Stage Renal Disease
Blood Transfusions in the Management of Hematological Diseases
Coronary Artery Disease Causes and Related Hypotheses
Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases Acquisition
Public Health. Burden of Disease in Nigeria
Governmental Challenges of Disease Surveillance
Self-Management and Prevention of Diseases
Heart Disease: Population Affected- Brooklyn
Grave’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatment
Crohn’s Disease: Treatment Plan and Prognosis
Effects of Age and Aging on the Immune Response to Diseases Such as COVID-19
Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes and Treatment
Distribution of Funds for Subsequent Management of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology, Health Promotion, and Disease Prevention
Chronic Disease Aggravation in Joint Surgery
Pregnant Women With Type I Diabetes: COVID-19 Disease Management
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Overview
Lecithin, Trimethylamine Oxide, and Heart Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Implications
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Soybean: Physiological Traits, Management, Main Disease
Diabetes Insipidus: Disease Process With Implications for Healthcare Professionals
Chlamydia Sexually Transmitted Disease
Cardiovascular Disease Research in the Arab World
Lyme Disease Diagnostics: Culturing and Staining Procedures
The Parkinson’s Disease Analysis
Chronic Disease Prevention With Physical Activity
Center for Disease Control, National Archives Catalog Photo
Michael J Fox: Parkinson’s Disease Case Study
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Hypertension, and Heart Failure: The Case Study
Chronic Kidney Disease: Prevention and Treatment
Social Stigma of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in North America
Approaches to Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Covid-19: Serious Disease in Comparison to Flu
Cardiac Diseases in Pregnancy
Frontotemporal Dementia vs. Alzheimer’s Disease in a Patient
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Kidney Function Tests: Chemical Methods Used to Diagnose Kidney Disease
Global Health Issue: The Coronavirus Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease: Diagnostic and Treatment
Communicable Disease Health Education Tool: HIV, AIDS
Parkinson’s Disease Case Study Analysis
Heart Disease Among Hispanic and Latino Population
Pharmacologic Treatment for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Werner Syndrome: Disease Process and Nursing Management
Business Intelligence Systems: Coronavirus Disease
Frail Elderly: Geriatric Chronic Disease
Communicable Diseases: Rubeola and Pertussis
Primary Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)
Cardiovascular Disease Profile in Female Patient
The Types of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
The Effect of Music on People With Alzheimer’s Disease
Nutrition Importance in Preventing Future Diseases
Detection of Newborn Disease by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
The Global Burden of Disease
Zoonotic Diseases: Leishmaniasis
Allergic Diseases and the Hygiene Hypothesis
The Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Asthma Disease in Children
Public Health and Chronic Disease – Obesity
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs)
Chronic Kidney Disease Analysis
Asthma: Culture and Disease Analysis
Cardiovascular Diseases and Health Promotion in Women
Creutzfeldt – Jakob Disease: Diagnosis, Control, Treatment
HIV and AIDS as a Chronic Disease: The Unique Contributions of Nursing Through Philosophical, Theoretical, and Historical Perspectives
Sickle Cell Disease Complications and Management
End-Stage Renal Disease: Creating Awareness Among Patients
Health Disparities & Chronic Kidney Disease
Epidemiological, Trends and Patterns of Norovirus Disease
Cardiology: Women and Heart Diseases
Disease Control and Prevention: The Evaluation Process
Swine Flu Disease in Australia
Researching Chlamydia Trachomatis Disease
Parkinson’s Disease: Aetiology, Risk Factors, and Symptoms
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: 80-Year-Old Female Patient
The Diagnosis and Prevention of Chronic Diseases
Heart Disease and Stroke in Sarasota County
Rabies in South Africa: Tropical Disease Control
Renal Failure and Dialysis: A Comprehensive Overview
Community Health: Alzheimer’s Disease
Tasmanian Devil’s Facial Tumor Disease
Coronary Heart Disease: Review
End Stage Renal Disease Prevalence in African American
Hypoparathyroid Disease: Review
Celiac Disease Description and Treatment
End-Stage Renal Disease and Hemodialysis
Risk Factors Involving People with Ischaemic Heart Disease: In-Depth Interview
Osteoarthritis Disease and Its Risk Factors
Disease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Services
Emerging Infectious Disease: Epidemiology and Evolution of Influenza Viruses
Food Borne Diseases Associated With Chilled Ready to Eat Food
Inherited Mutant Gene Leading to Pompes Disease
Blood Disorder: Disease Analysis
Challenges of Living With Alzheimer Disease
The Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease
Congestive Heart Failure – One of the Most Devastating Diseases
Critical Analysis on Neurodegenerative Diseases
Nutrition: Preventing Food Born Diseases
The Impact of Chronic Disease in the Community
Progeria: Disease Etiology, Symptoms, and Prognosis
Childhood Development and Cardiovascular Disease
Lyme Disease: What Is the Mystery Behind It?
Lyme Disease and the Mystery Behind It
Identifying Lyme Disease Host Species
Genetic Counseling – Tay Sachs Disease
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Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
v.378(1873); March 27, 2023

Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world

Kayla c. king.

1 Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK

Matthew D. Hall

2 School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia

Justyna Wolinska

3 Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany

4 Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin (FU), 14195 Berlin, Germany

Associated Data

This article has no additional data.

1. Introduction

Managing the consequences of climate change and human activity is one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and droughts, are becoming more common and more severe [ 1 ], and urban and agricultural expansion is contributing to the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystems [ 2 ]. This new reality challenges the capacity of host species to persist and forces infectious diseases to rapidly evolve. Indeed, the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized how quickly infectious diseases can evolve and spread—with consequences for transmission, virulence and evasion of host defences [ 3 ]—and that disease dynamics will play out differently across regions of the globe [ 4 , 5 ].

Addressing these challenges requires multi-faceted approaches that explore the effects of human-induced change on host–pathogen (including parasites) interactions across space and time (i.e. ecological and evolutionary timescales). Developing measures to enhance the resilience of natural and agricultural communities to these changes is also critical. Yet, these concepts have traditionally been tackled from disparate viewpoints with little empirical overlap. Ecological and epidemiological research, for example, has linked the spread of disease to environmental factors (e.g. [ 6 – 8 ]). But there is a pressing need for evolutionary research to capture how hosts and their pathogens may evolve under the sweeping environmental changes that populations now face. There is evidence that abiotic environmental factors can impact selection in host–pathogen interactions (e.g. [ 9 ]), but often empirical work examines these questions in abstract ways (hot versus cold, low versus high food). In turn, suggestions to use ecological and evolutionary principles in the management of agricultural pests and pathogens do not often consider the social and economic factors that underlie any long-term intervention [ 10 ].

This special issue aims to bring together research from different fields (ecological, evolutionary, epidemiological and applied) and approaches to better understand and address the impact of human-driven environmental change on infectious disease. It addresses a lack of comprehensive discussion on key issues that arise because different types of environmental change often form their own fields of research, rather than being studied as interconnected symptoms of human activity. To address this gap, the contributions herein focus on three key themes: climate change and infection outcomes ; understanding host–pathogen interactions in dynamic environments ; and outbreaks and pathogen evolution in human-altered ecosystems . By comparing different forms of global change, integrating across multiple fields, and identifying empirical and theoretical research gaps, this issue's goal is to showcase and spark new thinking on infectious disease evolution in a rapidly changing world.

2. Theme 1: climate change and infection outcomes

Thermal conditions can strongly impact host- and pathogen infection-related traits. Temperature has been shown to alter the encounter rates between host and parasites, host susceptibility and tolerance to infection and, finally, the infectivity and virulence of parasites (reviewed in [ 11 – 14 ]). There is a common prediction of increased pathogen development and replication rates as well as enhanced parasite transmission under elevated temperatures (i.e. ‘warmer hence sicker world’ scenario, e.g. [ 12 ]). However, the empirical evidence is inconclusive—certain studies support but others contradict (e.g. [ 15 – 17 ]) this hypothesis.

The first group of papers focus on the most widely considered facet of global change—climate change and rising temperatures—but address the pressing need to consider these in the light of host and pathogen traits as well as their spread and evolutionary potential. Empirical studies explore the direct impacts of warming on key pathogen infectivity and host resistance traits, with implications for disease outbreaks. A field study extends exploration of trait variation in the larger host community to disease risk as temperature increases. An empirical study and an opinion piece further consider the roles host and pathogen adaptation play in climate-driven disease emergence and severity. Whether hosts can shift their thermal tolerance, or pathogens evolve to become more virulent, has major implications for species persistence in a warming world.

To better understand the impact of environmental temperatures on disease outbreaks, two papers focus on changes in mechanisms underpinning the ability of parasites to infect [ 18 ] and of hosts to resist [ 19 ]. In effect, these papers take care to start from the beginning, where the host and parasite first meet, using the planktonic crustacean Daphnia and its bacterial parasites. Marcus et al . [ 18 ] found that parasite spores exposed to higher temperatures were impaired in their ability to attach to hosts and subsequently establish infection. The degree of impact on these traits also varied depending on whether spores were desiccated or kept wet during heat spells. It is not the case that a warmer world is sicker if parasite survival is at risk between hosts. Like most hosts, waterfleas have physical barriers to infection and also have cellular immune responses. In detailed experiments, Sun et al . [ 19 ] found that warming affected these defence traits differently, with consequences for infection outcomes. Disease spread can also depend on how temperature interacts with traits in host communities [ 20 , 21 ]. In a thorough field study set in the Swiss Alps, Halliday et al . [ 22 ] found– complex relationships between trait variation in plant communities driven by temperature gradients and prevalence of infection in those communities. Together, these three studies highlight that to predict disease dynamics under climate change, we should consider multiple traits at the interface of host–pathogen interactions and their variation within species and communities.

The final two papers in this theme address the evolutionary potential of hosts [ 23 ] and pathogens [ 24 ] in the face of rising temperatures. The geographical ranges of hosts, and the pathogens they carry, are expanding owing to changing climates [ 25 ]. Of particular concern is the future impact of climate change on the potential for mosquitoes—vectors for many human disease-causing viruses—to adapt to shifts in their thermal environment and move into new areas. Ware-Gilmore et al . [ 23 ] thoughtfully address this issue by studying how the heritable genetic variation and physiological responses in the mosquito Aedes aegypti may affect the upper thermal limits in populations over evolutionary time. In addition to driving vector evolution, will climate change select for more virulent pathogens? In the light of the classic virulence–transmission trade-off [ 26 ], Hector et al . [ 24 ] discuss what happens to pathogen virulence, burdens, and replication in host populations suffering heat stress. The authors find predicting the evolution of pathogen virulence amidst climate change might require a better understanding of transmission strategies and covariation among pathogen traits.

3. Theme 2: understanding host–pathogen interactions in dynamic environments

The study of abrupt environmental changes, such as hot versus cold or pristine versus polluted (e.g. see [ 9 , 27 , 28 ]) is often used to interpret the ecological or evolutionary impact of global change. However, the varied and dynamic nature of human-induced change is highly realistic. The simplification of environmental change is understandable given the added sample sizes that studying multiple host or pathogen genotypes or species necessitates. Yet, this situation is rapidly changing. For the study of thermal change, for example, a range of temperatures are increasingly being used to study thermal performance curves [ 8 , 29 ] or even the variation in daily thermal fluctuations or heatwaves [ 30 ]. New theoretical and empirical approaches, however, are now needed to expand our capacity to quantify the dynamics of environmental change and predict host and pathogen evolution in nature.

The first two papers in this theme evaluate how well current modelling approaches perform in capturing the rapidly changing environments that host and pathogens face. Best & Ashby [ 31 ] review the main approaches used to model host–pathogen evolution when ecological dynamics fluctuate owing to either extrinsic (seasonality, food availability) or intrinsic (time lags) factors. They then provide an in-depth guide on how to implement one main method and apply this approach to fluctuations arising from seasonally varying resources, among others. By contrast, Jiranek et al. [ 32 ] review the use of mechanistic models to study host–pathogen interactions under different scenarios of climate change, with a focus on plant systems. They outline the challenge of linking disease outbreaks with weather variables when climate change will likely affect many aspects of host and pathogen physiology, host demography, and pathogen life cycles, and these effects may frequently be nonlinear. The authors then discuss how mechanistic models overcome this limitation. These models can leverage data from wild and agricultural plant–pathogen systems to understand the complex feedback loops arising among physiological, demographic and evolutionary processes.

Complementing the modelling-focused perspectives are two empirical papers exploring how local environmental conditions predict disease prevalence, severity and evolution. Graham et al. [ 33 ] highlight the utility of using high-throughput phenotyping to make disease comparisons across large environmental, spatial and temporal gradients. By surveying seagrass wasting disease in eelgrass meadows throughout their northern range (covering eight degrees of latitude) they show that disease prevalence and severity was lower in cooler sites, colder years, and higher latitudes. The authors provide several suggestions for how this new information can improve eelgrass management. The final paper in this theme, by Melero et al. [ 34 ], considers how climate change and human activity might induce changes in plant development that can shape the evolution of host–virus interactions. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system, the authors experimentally evolved a turnip mosaic virus at three different host developmental stages. They found hosts in later developmental stages were prone to faster and more severe infections, but the virus nonetheless evolved more rapidly in younger hosts.

4. Theme 3: outbreaks and pathogen evolution in human-altered ecosystems

The third group of papers considers the broader extent of direct human activity on host–pathogen interactions. Synthesis and empirical papers explore the socio-economic challenges of implementing evolutionarily responsive practices in agriculture, and the consequences for pathogen evolution when an intervention, such as well-meaning habitat restoration, goes wrong. Geffersa et al . [ 35 ] summarize research efforts on crop disease management based on deployment of resistance genes. The goal is to disrupt pathogen adaptation and prevent the breakdown of resistance. However, practical uptake of such strategies is limited, and applied evolutionary research to control pathogen adaptation can have socio-economic challenges. Geffersa et al . develop a conceptual framework for the economic valuation of engineering of genes conferring resistance, emphasizing the value of these strategies beyond economic benefits. Feau et al . [ 36 ] argue that the introduction of new host species can accelerate pathogen evolution and affect long-established host–pathogen coevolutionary dynamics. Specifically, the emergence of a new pathogen lineage with the intensification of poplar tree cultivation causes stem infections in a new host. This represents a serious threat to poplars and could affect both natural and planted forests. Finally, Manley et al . [ 37 ] explore how conservation measures to protect pollinators—planting wildflowers along fields—affect disease prevalence in pollinator communities. They found wildflower patches did not act as transmission hubs, but reduced the prevalence of some viral infections, playing an unintended but additional role in pollinator conservation.

Complementing these papers is a novel empirical exploration of the consequences of emerging pollutants, namely nanoplastics [ 38 ] and pharmaceuticals [ 39 ]. Unlike other well-studied pollutants, wastewater treatment is often inadequate in removing nanoplastics and pharmaceuticals. These pollutants will thus remain a problem in the coming decades. Plastic production is estimated to reach 33 billion tons by 2050 [ 40 ] and is particularly insidious because plastics break down into smaller particles called micro- or nanoplastics (size less than 5 mm and less than 100 nm, respectively) that can cross cell membranes, penetrate organs and bioaccumulate in organisms. In the current issue, Manzi et al . [ 38 ] and Aulsebrook et al . [ 39 ] both used the planktonic crustacean Daphnia as experimental host. Manzi et al . found that it depends on the type of parasite whether and to what extent nanoplastics affect the infection. Low plastic load had no direct negative consequences for the host, but infection rates either greatly increased ( Metschnikowia bicuspidata ) or were impeded ( Ordospora colligata ). These results indicate that distinct parasite species can show contradictory responses to a contaminant and that nanoplastics can favour co-infections.

Thousands of pharmaceuticals are used for health management in humans, pets and agricultural animals, and over 600 products have now been detected in the wild [ 41 ]. These pollutants remain bioactive when excreted, are often resistant to degradation, and target receptors conserved in many species [ 42 – 44 ]. Aulsebrook et al . [ 39 ] showed that the non-monotonic effects of fluoxetine were only expressed once a host was infected, demonstrating that the full impact of pharmaceuticals may only be experienced in the presence of other stressors. Parameterizing an epidemiological model, they further explore how fluoxetine can shape the likelihood of an infectious disease outbreak. Their result reiterates the findings of Manzi et al . [ 38 ] that the effects of pollutants are likely to be pathogen species or genotype specific. Both pollutants exemplify the complexity of modern human activity on disease dynamics by acting in a nonlinear (non-monotonic) manner and causing an unexpected exaggeration of infection outcomes at trace amounts.

5. Future directions and conclusion

The consequences of global change to infectious disease ecology and evolution are relevant for the health of humans, animals, plants and the environment. In this issue, climate change, environmental pollution and the increasing movement of people, animals or cultivars, are presented as examples of human-induced change that can affect the emergence and evolution of hosts, pathogens and vectors. Beyond public or ecosystem health concerns, pathogen spread and evolution due to global change have also been presented as intimately linked to issues of food security—crop production and other aspects of agriculture (including aquaculture and apiculture). Arising from the series of papers across the three themes of this special issue are these takeaways:

1. We need to know more about the potential and realized evolutionary paths of hosts and pathogens in a human-altered world. Both host and pathogen responses to climate change, emerging pollutants, or even interventions, are likely to be species or genotype specific. Pathogens and many pathogen-carrying invertebrates can also evolve on short timescales that are relevant for predicting disease outbreaks, as well as the likelihood and impact of zoonoses.
2. A warmer or heavily modified world is not always sicker. Temperature affects each component of host–pathogen interactions in unique ways, from host demography to within-host pathogen burden, making simple generalizations difficult. While traditional pollution at a greater dose is usually more damaging for hosts or pathogens, for emerging pollutants (i.e. pharmaceuticals), the greatest effects can often occur at the smallest doses, owing to the way these chemicals target conserved pathways.
3. Not all populations will be equally impacted by change. Host and pathogen populations should be expected to be adapted to their local environment, and disease outcomes will likely vary with latitude, altitude, water depth (in the case of aquatic organisms), or prior exposure to human activity. Local adaptation is key both to understanding how host and pathogen responses to human activity might vary over space and time, and for making predictions on the future distribution of vectors and pathogens under different change scenarios.
4. Opportunities to expand the scope with which human-induced change is studied are sorely needed. Directly incorporating fluctuating ecological dynamics into our studies or using empirical data to build mechanistic models of different types of change offer some solutions for predicting evolutionary change in response to human modification.
5. Parasitism is one of the most common lifestyles on Earth [ 45 ]. There is a need to incorporate interactions between host species and their pathogens as new ecotoxicological endpoints to better assess the ecological consequences of novel pollutants. Assessing the effects of any pollutant in isolation and, in particular, dismissing infection may lead to a severe underestimation of their real impact on individual host physiology, with upscaling effects on overall populations and ecosystems.
6. Adapting evolutionary or ecological principles into the management of human activity, pests or pathogens is not without its costs. The longer timescales with which these implementations operate, particularly when compared with traditional agricultural approaches, for example, create additional social and economic challenges that are often not appreciated when eco–evo ideas are first suggested.

Overall, this issue summarizes current progress and identifies remaining gaps in our understanding of infectious disease ecology and evolution in a global change framework. We hope the special issue will help drive new research on host–pathogen interactions, integrating traditionally isolated fields of study.

Acknowledgements

We thank all lead authors and their collaborators who agreed to be part of this special issue. We are also grateful to Helen Eaton and the editorial team at Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , who patiently and efficiently managed the special issue, and the inevitable delays, over the last year.

Data accessibility

Authors' contributions.

K.C.K.: writing—original draft, writing—review and editing; M.D.H.: writing—original draft, writing—review and editing; J.W.: writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.

All authors gave final approval for publication and agreed to be held accountable for the work performed herein.

Conflict of interest declaration

We declare we have no competing interests.

We received no funding for this study.

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Today, the average American is unlikely to spend time worrying about malaria. Although the disease is commonly perceived to be restricted to other parts of the world, it played a significant role in shaping American history. It even helped turn the tide of the American Revolutionary War by infecting so many British soldiers that General Cornwallis was forced to surrender at Yorktown.

The painting, The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis by John Trumbull, is on display in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol. The surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781 marked the last major campaign of the Revolutionary War and was brought about in part by British soldiers contracting malaria. (Image credit: Artist John Trumbull, courtesy Architect of the Capitol)

First-year students in a 2019 introductory seminar class led by Erin Mordecai , an assistant professor of biology in the School of Humanities and Sciences (H&S), delved into this and other historical examples of how vector-borne diseases – those caused by infectious pathogens spread by living organisms or “vectors” – influenced human history. Throughout the course, they collaborated on a paper highlighting various trends in which these illnesses impacted historical societies. Their findings have now been published in the latest issue of the journal Ecology Letters .

“The mechanisms and consequences of vector-borne diseases are multimodal and far more pervasive than we had previously thought,” said Tejas Athni, a student in the seminar and first author of the paper.

As Athni and his fellow students conducted their research, they discovered recurring themes across societies throughout time. One theme was that diseases don’t affect all populations equally – a simple fact that had major ramifications throughout history. In the case of the American Revolution, many Americans had grown up in the South and were exposed to malaria young, allowing them to develop immunity. This granted them a strategic advantage over the less immune British army, which ended up being decimated by the disease.

A more sobering trend unearthed by the group’s investigations was that disease tended to prey on inequities in societies, leaving marginalized groups most at risk. Both intentionally and unintentionally, it was weaponized time and again to enforce unjust hierarchies of power. In the American South, for instance, enslaved Black people were often forced to work in conditions that left them exposed to mosquitoes and made them much more vulnerable to malaria. To make matters worse, this inequity was used by white people to encourage the racist belief at the time that Black Americans were morally inferior and to justify Jim Crow segregation laws in the South.

A timeline showing major outbreaks of four vector-borne diseases throughout history. (Click to enlarge) (Image credit: Courtesy Erin Mordecai)

Racism and disease

When Mordecai first submitted her class’s paper for journal publication, it was rejected, with one reviewer citing the paper’s failure to explore the relationship between racism and disease. Taking a more interdisciplinary approach, Mordecai then invited the reviewer, Nita Bharti , the Huck Early Career Professor of Biology at Penn State University, and Steven O. Roberts , an assistant professor of psychology in H&S and a race scholar, to speak to her class about systems of inequality from psychological and historical standpoints.

“We were taken aback by the extent to which the impacts of vector-borne disease have historically splintered across racial and societal lines,” said Athni.

Structural racism, including what neighborhoods people can live in and their access to intergenerational wealth, is linked to disparities in rates of diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases associated with stress, Mordecai explained. These disparities are also apparent in the COVID-19 pandemic, where the disease’s outcomes are more serious for individuals suffering with these conditions. This disproportionate burden further amplifies the vulnerability of already disadvantaged communities.

“When you layer on an emerging pandemic with existing health disparities, it disproportionally affects Black and Hispanic communities,” said Mordecai.

Racial disparities also put historically marginalized communities at greater risk of being exposed to the virus. These communities, for instance, are more likely to be essential workers, lacking the luxury to safely shelter in place or have their groceries delivered.

“It’s easy to think that communities of color aren’t social distancing enough or not practicing proper hygiene,” said Roberts, who is a co-author on the paper. “But that thinking completely neglects the social conditions that have made those communities more vulnerable to begin with.”

The relationship between COVID-19 and structural inequality is unfortunately not limited to just modern times or the U.S. This too is a pattern that has repeated throughout history and across the globe. Outbreaks of leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease spread by phlebotomine sand flies, have impacted hundreds of thousands of Syrians within refugee camps, a result of overcrowding in areas with poor sanitation. And when the first few cases of the Ebola outbreak popped up in 2014 in Africa, scientists in the United States were slow in finding ways to combat it until it showed up closer to home.

The authors hope that this paper will motivate scientists to be more proactive in protecting people in historically disadvantaged communities from disease.

“The paper does a spectacular job documenting the problem,” said Roberts. “Now it will be important to maintain an interdisciplinary focus that can dismantle it.”

Centering equity

Mordecai believes the paper produced as a result of her class is unique in the ecological literature. As the work underwent the peer review process, editors originally commented that it didn’t feel like an ecological study at all. However, since the Black Lives Matter protests in the spring of last year, she said she is seeing a growing number of epidemiologists recognizing the role of racism in infectious disease transmission.

Athni, now a junior working on his honors thesis on statistically modeling the effects of climate on global mosquito distributions, said that being involved in this project has influenced the way he conducts research as a growing biologist.

“Dr. Mordecai’s freshman seminar shaped my entire Stanford journey through an interdisciplinary lens,” Athni said. “Moving forward, it’s imperative that research explicitly recognizes and combats the structural racism, classism and sexism that continue to perpetuate environmental and health inequities. Equity must be brought to the center of ecology and global health in order to make meaningful progress for all of humanity.”

Additional Stanford co-authors include Giulio A. De Leo, professor of biology and senior fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment; Kathryn Olivarius, assistant professor of history; postdoctoral scholar Devin Kirk; former postdoctoral scholars Marta Shocket and Jamie Caldwell; graduate students Lisa I. Couper, Nicole Nova, Marissa Childs and David G. Pickel; and undergraduate and former undergraduate students Julian Cheng, Elizabeth A. Grant, Patrick M. Kurzner, Saw Kyaw, Bradford J. Lin, Ricardo C. Lopez, Diba S. Massihpour, Erica C. Olsen, Maggie Roache, Angie Ruiz, Emily A. Schultz, Muskan Shafat and Rebecca Spencer. Shocket is also affiliated with University of California, Los Angeles, Caldwell is also affiliated with University of Hawaii at Manoa and Kirk is also affiliated with the University of British Columbia. Researchers from James Cook University, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of California, Davis and Penn State University also contributed to the paper.

This research was supported by the Stanford Introductory Seminars Program, National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, the Helman Scholarship, the Terman Fellowship, the King Center for Global Development, the Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences at Penn State University, the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship program, the Stanford Data Science Scholars, the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, the Stanford Institute for Innovation in Developing Economies, Global Development and Poverty Initiative, the Stanford Graduate Fellowship, the Ric Weiland Graduate Fellowship in the Humanities and Sciences.

To read all stories about Stanford science, subscribe to the biweekly Stanford Science Digest .

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